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Mianesaz H, Ghalamkari S, Abbasi F, Razzaghy-Azar M, Sayarifard F, Vakili R, Sedghi M, Noroozi Asl S, Hosseini S, Amoli MM, Yaghootkar H. Genetic variant profiling of neonatal diabetes mellitus in Iranian patients: Unveiling 58 distinct variants in 14 genes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:1390-1402. [PMID: 38970407 PMCID: PMC11442839 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare non-immunological monogenic disorder characterized by hyperglycemic conditions primarily occurring within the first 6 months of life. The majority of cases are attributed to pathogenic variants in genes affecting beta-cell survival, insulin regulation, and secretion. This study aims to investigate the genetic landscape of NDM in Iran. METHODS We recruited a total of 135 patients who were initially diagnosed with diabetes at <12 months of age in Iran and referred to pediatric endocrinology clinics across the country. These patients underwent genetic diagnostic tests conducted by the Exeter Molecular Genetics Laboratory in the UK. The pathogenic variants identified were sorted and described based on type, pathogenicity (according to ACMG/AMP criteria), novelty, and the affected protein domain. RESULTS Genetic defects were identified in 93 probands, presenting various pathogenic abnormalities associated with NDM and its associated syndromes. 76% of the patients were born as a result of consanguineous marriage, and a familial history of diabetes was found in 43% of the cases. A total of 58 distinct variants in 14 different genes were discovered, including 20 variants reported for the first time. Causative variants were most frequently identified in EIF2AK3, KCNJ11, and ABCC8, respectively. Notably, EIF2AK3 and ABCC8 exhibited the highest number of novel variants. DISCUSSION These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of NDM in the Iranian population and contribute to the knowledge of novel pathogenic variants within known causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mianesaz
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Ghalamkari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Farzaneh Abbasi
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Vakili
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sedghi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Noroozi Asl
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sousan Hosseini
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao L, Pi X, Goss AC, El-Baba T, Ehrmann JF, Grinkevich E, Bazua-Valenti S, Padovano V, Alper SL, Carey D, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Pablo JL, Robinson CV, Greka A, Wu H. Molecular basis of TMED9 oligomerization and entrapment of misfolded protein cargo in the early secretory pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp2221. [PMID: 39303030 PMCID: PMC11414720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of misfolded proteins causes serious human proteinopathies. The transmembrane emp24 domain 9 (TMED9) cargo receptor promotes a general mechanism of cytotoxicity by entrapping misfolded protein cargos in the early secretory pathway. However, the molecular basis for this TMED9-mediated cargo retention remains elusive. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of TMED9, which reveal its unexpected self-oligomerization into octamers, dodecamers, and, by extension, even higher-order oligomers. The TMED9 oligomerization is driven by an intrinsic symmetry mismatch between the trimeric coiled coil domain and the tetrameric transmembrane domain. Using frameshifted Mucin 1 as an example of aggregated disease-related protein cargo, we implicate a mode of direct interaction with the TMED9 luminal Golgi-dynamics domain. The structures suggest and we confirm that TMED9 oligomerization favors the recruitment of coat protein I (COPI), but not COPII coatomers, facilitating retrograde transport and explaining the observed cargo entrapment. Our work thus reveals a molecular basis for TMED9-mediated misfolded protein retention in the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xiao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiong Pi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alissa C. Goss
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tarick El-Baba
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Julian F. Ehrmann
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Grinkevich
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Silvana Bazua-Valenti
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Seth L. Alper
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dominique Carey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Shen LH, Cui Y, Fu DX, Yang W, Wu SN, Wang HZ, Yang HH, Chen YX, Wei HY. Transient diabetes mellitus with ABCC8 variant successfully treated with sulfonylurea: Two case reports and review of literature. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1811-1819. [PMID: 39192869 PMCID: PMC11346097 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i8.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus that usually presents within the first 6 mo of life. Patients often enter remission within several months, although relapse can occur later in life. Mutations in the ABCC8 gene, which encodes the sulfonylurea receptor 1 of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in pancreatic beta cells, are associated with TNDM and permanent neonatal diabetes. This study describes a novel de novo c.3880C>T heterozygous ABCC8 variant that causes TNDM and can be treated with sulf-onylurea therapy. CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively analyzed 2 Chinese patients with TNDM who were diagnosed, treated, or referred for follow-up between September 2017 and September 2023. The patients were tested for mutations using targeted next-generation sequencing. Patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by a c.3880C>T heterozygous missense variant in the ABCC8 gene have not been reported before. Both children had an onset of post-infectious diabetic ketoacidosis, which is worth noting. At a follow-up visit after discontinuing insulin injection, oral glyburide was found to be effective with no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION Early genetic testing of neonatal diabetes mellitus aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment and helps avoid daily insulin injections that may cause pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hua Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Hua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong-Xing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, China
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Sharma M, Maurya K, Nautiyal A, Chitme HR. Monogenic Diabetes: A Comprehensive Overview and Therapeutic Management of Subtypes of Mody. Endocr Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39106207 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2024.2388606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenic diabetes often occurs as a result of single-gene mutations. The illness is minimally affected by environmental and behavioral factors, and it constitutes around one to five percent of all cases of diabetes. METHODS Newborn diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are the predominant causes of monogenic diabetes, accounting for a larger proportion of cases, while syndromic diabetes represents a smaller percentage. MODY, a group of inherited non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus disorders, is quite common. However, it remains frequently misdiagnosed despite increasing public awareness. The condition is characterized by insulin resistance, the development of diabetes at a young age (before 25 years), mild high blood sugar levels, inheritance in an autosomal dominant pattern, and the preservation of natural insulin production. RESULTS Currently, there are 14 distinct subtypes of MODY that have been identified. Each subtype possesses distinct characteristics in terms of their frequency, clinical symptoms, severity of diabetes, related complications, and response to medicinal interventions. Due to the clinical similarities, lack of awareness, and high expense of genetic testing, distinguishing between type I (T1D) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) can be challenging, resulting in misdiagnosis of this type of diabetes. As a consequence, a significant number of individuals are being deprived of adequate medical attention. Accurate diagnosis enables the utilization of novel therapeutic strategies and enhances the management of therapy in comparison to type II and type I diabetes. CONCLUSION This article offers a concise overview of the clinical subtypes and characteristics of monogenic diabetes. Furthermore, this article discusses the various subtypes of MODY, as well as the process of diagnosing, managing, and treating the condition. It also addresses the difficulties encountered in detecting and treating MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kajal Maurya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuj Nautiyal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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MacDonald T, Ryback B, da Silva Pereira JA, Wei S, Mendez B, Cai E, Ishikawa Y, Weir G, Bonner-Weir S, Kissler S, Yi P. Renalase inhibition regulates β cell metabolism to defend against acute and chronic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598322. [PMID: 38915698 PMCID: PMC11195134 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Renalase (Rnls), annotated as an oxidase enzyme, is a GWAS gene associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) risk. We previously discovered that Rnls inhibition delays diabetes onset in mouse models of T1D in vivo , and protects pancreatic β cells against autoimmune killing, ER and oxidative stress in vitro . The molecular biochemistry and functions of Rnls are entirely uncharted. Here we find that Rnls inhibition defends against loss of β cell mass and islet dysfunction in chronically stressed Akita mice in vivo . We used RNA sequencing, untargeted and targeted metabolomics and metabolic function experiments in mouse and human β cells and discovered a robust and conserved metabolic shift towards glycolysis, amino acid abundance and GSH synthesis to counter protein misfolding stress, in vitro . Our work illustrates a function for Rnls in mammalian cells, and suggests an axis by which manipulating intrinsic properties of β cells can rewire metabolism to protect against diabetogenic stress.
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Dobson JR, Jacobson DA. Disrupted Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Handling: A Harβinger of β-Cell Failure. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:379. [PMID: 38927260 PMCID: PMC11200644 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The β-cell workload increases in the setting of insulin resistance and reduced β-cell mass, which occurs in type 2 and type 1 diabetes, respectively. The prolonged elevation of insulin production and secretion during the pathogenesis of diabetes results in β-cell ER stress. The depletion of β-cell Ca2+ER during ER stress activates the unfolded protein response, leading to β-cell dysfunction. Ca2+ER is involved in many pathways that are critical to β-cell function, such as protein processing, tuning organelle and cytosolic Ca2+ handling, and modulating lipid homeostasis. Mutations that promote β-cell ER stress and deplete Ca2+ER stores are associated with or cause diabetes (e.g., mutations in ryanodine receptors and insulin). Thus, improving β-cell Ca2+ER handling and reducing ER stress under diabetogenic conditions could preserve β-cell function and delay or prevent the onset of diabetes. This review focuses on how mechanisms that control β-cell Ca2+ER are perturbed during the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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Blanc M, Habbouche L, Xiao P, Lebeaupin C, Janona M, Vaillant N, Irondelle M, Gilleron J, Murcy F, Rousseau D, Luci C, Barouillet T, Marchetti S, Lacas-Gervais S, Yvan-Charvet L, Gual P, Cardozo AK, Bailly-Maitre B. Bax Inhibitor-1 preserves pancreatic β-cell proteostasis by limiting proinsulin misfolding and programmed cell death. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:334. [PMID: 38744890 PMCID: PMC11094198 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes steadily increases worldwide mirroring the prevalence of obesity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated in diabetes and contributes to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis through the activation of a terminal unfolded protein response (UPR). Our results uncover a new role for Bax Inhibitor-One (BI-1), a negative regulator of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) in preserving β-cell health against terminal UPR-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in the context of supraphysiological loads of insulin production. BI-1-deficient mice experience a decline in endocrine pancreatic function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, namely obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). We observed early-onset diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, reduced serum insulin levels, β-cell loss, increased pancreatic lipases and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the progression of metabolic dysfunction. Pancreatic section analysis revealed that BI-1 deletion overburdens unfolded proinsulin in the ER of β-cells, confirmed by ultrastructural signs of ER stress with overwhelmed IRE1α endoribonuclease (RNase) activity in freshly isolated islets. ER stress led to β-cell dysfunction and islet loss, due to an increase in immature proinsulin granules and defects in insulin crystallization with the presence of Rod-like granules. These results correlated with the induction of autophagy, ER phagy, and crinophagy quality control mechanisms, likely to alleviate the atypical accumulation of misfolded proinsulin in the ER. In fine, BI-1 in β-cells limited IRE1α RNase activity from triggering programmed β-cell death through apoptosis and pyroptosis (caspase-1, IL-1β) via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and metabolic dysfunction. Pharmaceutical IRE1α inhibition with STF-083010 reversed β-cell failure and normalized the metabolic phenotype. These results uncover a new protective role for BI-1 in pancreatic β-cell physiology as a stress integrator to modulate the UPR triggered by accumulating unfolded proinsulin in the ER, as well as autophagy and programmed cell death, with consequences on β-cell function and insulin secretion. In pancreatic β-cells, BI-1-/- deficiency perturbs proteostasis with proinsulin misfolding, ER stress, terminal UPR with overwhelmed IRE1α/XBP1s/CHOP activation, inflammation, β-cell programmed cell death, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Blanc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Lama Habbouche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Peng Xiao
- Inflammation and Cell Death Signalling group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Cynthia Lebeaupin
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marion Janona
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Marie Irondelle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Adipo-Cible Research Study Group, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team «Insulin Resistance in Obesity and type 2 Diabetes», Nice, France
| | - Florent Murcy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Déborah Rousseau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team «Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol», Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team «Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol», Nice, France
| | - Thibault Barouillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Marchetti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team «Metabolism, cancer and immune responses», Nice, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, CCMA, Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team «Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol», Nice, France
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- Inflammation and Cell Death Signalling group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Béatrice Bailly-Maitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, Team "Hematometabolism and Metainflammation (HEMAMETABO), 06204, Nice, France.
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Zhang Y, Sui L, Du Q, Haataja L, Yin Y, Viola R, Xu S, Nielsson CU, Leibel RL, Barbetti F, Arvan P, Egli D. Permanent neonatal diabetes-causing insulin mutations have dominant negative effects on beta cell identity. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101879. [PMID: 38237895 PMCID: PMC10839447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heterozygous coding sequence mutations of the INS gene are a cause of permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), requiring insulin therapy similar to T1D. While the negative effects on insulin processing and secretion are known, how dominant insulin mutations result in a continued decline of beta cell function after birth is not well understood. METHODS We explored the causes of beta cell failure in two PNDM patients with two distinct INS mutations using patient-derived iPSCs and mutated hESCs. RESULTS we detected accumulation of misfolded proinsulin and impaired proinsulin processing in vitro, and a dominant-negative effect of these mutations on beta-cell mass and function after transplantation into mice. In addition to anticipated ER stress, we found evidence of beta-cell dedifferentiation, characterized by an increase of cells expressing both Nkx6.1 and ALDH1A3, but negative for insulin and glucagon. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a novel mechanism, the loss of beta cell identity, contributing to the loss and functional failure of human beta cells with specific insulin gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Lina Sui
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Qian Du
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Leena Haataja
- Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Yishu Yin
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Ryan Viola
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Shuangyi Xu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Christian Ulrik Nielsson
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Monogenic Diabetes Clinic, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00164, Italy
| | - Peter Arvan
- Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
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9
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Amaratunga SA, Hussein Tayeb T, Muhamad Sediq RN, Hama Salih FK, Dusatkova P, Wakeling MN, De Franco E, Pruhova S, Lebl J. Paediatric diabetes subtypes in a consanguineous population: a single-centre cohort study from Kurdistan, Iraq. Diabetologia 2024; 67:113-123. [PMID: 37897565 PMCID: PMC10709478 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Monogenic diabetes is estimated to account for 1-6% of paediatric diabetes cases in primarily non-consanguineous populations, while the incidence and genetic spectrum in consanguineous regions are insufficiently defined. In this single-centre study we aimed to evaluate diabetes subtypes, obtain the consanguinity rate and study the genetic background of individuals with syndromic and neonatal diabetes in a population with a high rate of consanguinity. METHODS Data collection was carried out cross-sectionally in November 2021 at the paediatric diabetic clinic, Dr Jamal Ahmad Rashed Hospital, in Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. At the time of data collection, 754 individuals with diabetes (381 boys) aged up to 16 years were registered. Relevant participant data was obtained from patient files. Consanguinity status was known in 735 (97.5%) participants. Furthermore, 12 families of children with neonatal diabetes and seven families of children with syndromic diabetes consented to genetic testing by next-generation sequencing. Prioritised variants were evaluated using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A total of 269 of 735 participants (36.5%) with known consanguinity status were offspring of consanguineous families. An overwhelming majority of participants (714/754, 94.7%) had clinically defined type 1 diabetes (35% of them were born to consanguineous parents), whereas only eight (1.1%) had type 2 diabetes (38% consanguineous). Fourteen (1.9%) had neonatal diabetes (50% consanguineous), seven (0.9%) had syndromic diabetes (100% consanguineous) and 11 (1.5%) had clinically defined MODY (18% consanguineous). We found that consanguinity was significantly associated with syndromic diabetes (p=0.0023) but not with any other diabetes subtype. The genetic cause was elucidated in ten of 12 participants with neonatal diabetes who consented to genetic testing (homozygous variants in GLIS3 [sibling pair], PTF1A and ZNF808 and heterozygous variants in ABCC8 and INS) and four of seven participants with syndromic diabetes (homozygous variants in INSR, SLC29A3 and WFS1 [sibling pair]). In addition, a participant referred as syndromic diabetes was diagnosed with mucolipidosis gamma and probably has type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This unique single-centre study confirms that, even in a highly consanguineous population, clinically defined type 1 diabetes is the prevailing paediatric diabetes subtype. Furthermore, a pathogenic cause of monogenic diabetes was identified in 83% of tested participants with neonatal diabetes and 57% of participants with syndromic diabetes, with most variants being homozygous. Causative genes in our consanguineous participants were markedly different from genes reported from non-consanguineous populations and also from those reported in other consanguineous populations. To correctly diagnose syndromic diabetes in consanguineous populations, it may be necessary to re-evaluate diagnostic criteria and include additional phenotypic features such as short stature and hepatosplenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenali A Amaratunga
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tara Hussein Tayeb
- Diabetic Clinic, Dr Jamah Ahmad Rashed Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Rozhan N Muhamad Sediq
- Diabetic Clinic, Dr Jamah Ahmad Rashed Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | | | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew N Wakeling
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Sun HY, Lin XY. Genetic perspectives on childhood monogenic diabetes: Diagnosis, management, and future directions. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1738-1753. [PMID: 38222792 PMCID: PMC10784795 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes is caused by one or even more genetic variations, which may be uncommon yet have a significant influence and cause diabetes at an early age. Monogenic diabetes affects 1 to 5% of children, and early detection and gene-tically focused treatment of neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young can significantly improve long-term health and well-being. The etiology of monogenic diabetes in childhood is primarily attributed to genetic variations affecting the regulatory genes responsible for beta-cell activity. In rare instances, mutations leading to severe insulin resistance can also result in the development of diabetes. Individuals diagnosed with specific types of monogenic diabetes, which are commonly found, can transition from insulin therapy to sulfonylureas, provided they maintain consistent regulation of their blood glucose levels. Scientists have successfully devised materials and methodologies to distinguish individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes from those more prone to monogenic diabetes. Genetic screening with appropriate findings and interpretations is essential to establish a prognosis and to guide the choice of therapies and management of these interrelated ailments. This review aims to design a comprehensive literature summarizing genetic insights into monogenetic diabetes in children and adolescents as well as summarizing their diagnosis and mana-gement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
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11
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Kim H, Kim HY, Kim JH, Seo SH, Park KU. Novel pathogenic PDX1 gene variant in a Korean family with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2023; 9:a006305. [PMID: 37652665 PMCID: PMC10815283 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus caused by a mutation in a single gene, is often uncertain until genetic testing is performed. We report a 13-yr-old Korean boy who was initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MODY was suspected because of his nonobese body habitus and family history of multiple affected members. Targeted panel sequencing of all MODY-related genes was performed using the NextSeq 550Dx platform (Illumina). Sanger sequencing was performed using blood samples from the parents, siblings, and other relatives. A frameshift variant in the 3' region of the last exon of PDX1 was detected in the patient and his family members with diabetes. PP1_Moderate criterion was applied and this variant was confirmed to be the genetic cause of diabetes in the family and classified as likely pathogenic. The study highlights the importance of genetic testing for nonobese, early-onset diabetic patients with multiple affected family members. Increased awareness and aggressive genetic testing for MODY are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea;
| | - Kyung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Zhang Y, Sui L, Du Q, Haataja L, Yin Y, Viola R, Xu S, Nielsson CU, Leibel RL, Barbetti F, Arvan P, Egli D. Permanent Neonatal diabetes-causing Insulin mutations have dominant negative effects on beta cell identity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555839. [PMID: 37745320 PMCID: PMC10515756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous coding sequence mutations of the INS gene are a cause of permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) that results from beta cell failure. We explored the causes of beta cell failure in two PNDM patients with two distinct INS mutations. Using b and mutated hESCs, we detected accumulation of misfolded proinsulin and impaired proinsulin processing in vitro, and a dominant-negative effect of these mutations on the in vivo performance of patient-derived SC-beta cells after transplantation into NSG mice. These insulin mutations derange endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, and result in the loss of beta-cell mass and function. In addition to anticipated apoptosis, we found evidence of beta-cell dedifferentiation, characterized by an increase of cells expressing both Nkx6.1 and ALDH1A3, but negative for insulin and glucagon. These results highlight both known and novel mechanisms contributing to the loss and functional failure of human beta cells with specific insulin gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Lina Sui
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Qian Du
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Leena Haataja
- Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Yishu Yin
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Ryan Viola
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Shuangyi Xu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Christian Ulrik Nielsson
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
- Monogenic Diabetes Clinic, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome 00164, Italy
| | - Peter Arvan
- Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center & Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, United States
- Lead Contact
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Popovic M, Tadić V, Mihailović M. From genotype to phenotype with biothermodynamics: empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of preproinsulin, proinsulin and insulin molecules. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37695630 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin was discovered 100 years ago and has been well studied from the perspectives of life and biomedical sciences. This paper reports chemical and biothermodynamic properties of biosynthesis of insulin. This paper reports for the first time the molecular and empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions, and thermodynamic properties of molecules and their biosynthesis for human preproinsulin, proinsulin, insulin chain A, insulin chain B, insulin, signal peptide and intermediate peptide (C-peptide). Based on these, metabolic reactions were formulated for conversion of preproinsulin to insulin and their thermodynamic feasibility was analyzed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojin Tadić
- Department for Experimental Testing of Precious Metals, Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihailović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Li M, Popovic N, Wang Y, Chen C, Polychronakos C. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic diabetes; a challenge but also an opportunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:673-684. [PMID: 37165203 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD) account for about 3% of all diabetes, and their accurate diagnosis often results in life-changing therapeutic reassignment for the patients. Like other Mendelian diseases, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are often seen in several different types of MFD, where symptoms develop only in a portion of the persons who carry the pathogenic variant or vary widely in symptom severity and age of onset. This complicates diagnosis and disease management in MFD. In addition to its clinical importance, knowledge of genetic modifiers that confer penetrance and expressivity variability opens possibilities to identify protective genetic variants which may help probe the mechanisms of more common forms of diabetes and shed light in new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will mainly address penetrance and expressivity variation in different types of MFD, factors that confer such variations and opportunities that come with such knowledge. Related literature was searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Papers with publication year from 1974 to 2023 are included. Data are either sourced from literatures or from OMIM, Clinvar and 1000 genome browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China.
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
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15
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Samadli S, Zhou Q, Zheng B, Gu W, Zhang A. From glucose sensing to exocytosis: takes from maturity onset diabetes of the young. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1188301. [PMID: 37255971 PMCID: PMC10226665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes gave us simplified models of complex molecular processes occurring within β-cells, which allowed to explore the roles of numerous proteins from single protein perspective. Constellation of characteristic phenotypic features and wide application of genetic sequencing techniques to clinical practice, made the major form of monogenic diabetes - the Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to be distinguishable from type 1, type 2 as well as neonatal diabetes mellitus and understanding underlying molecular events for each type of MODY contributed to the advancements of antidiabetic therapy and stem cell research tremendously. The functional analysis of MODY-causing proteins in diabetes development, not only provided better care for patients suffering from diabetes, but also enriched our comprehension regarding the universal cellular processes including transcriptional and translational regulation, behavior of ion channels and transporters, cargo trafficking, exocytosis. In this review, we will overview structure and function of MODY-causing proteins, alterations in a particular protein arising from the deleterious mutations to the corresponding gene and their consequences, and translation of this knowledge into new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Samadli
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Diseases II, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Qiaoli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Costa-Riquetto AD, de Santana LS, Franco PC, Jr ACS, Martio AE, Lisboa HRK, Kohara SK, Teles MG. Genetic and clinical features of neonatal and early onset diabetes mellitus in a tertiary center cohort in Brazil. Clin Genet 2023; 103:434-447. [PMID: 36510364 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is defined as the occurrence of severe hyperglycemia in infants under 6 months old and may be permanent (PNDM) or transient (TNDM). When diabetes is diagnosed at 6-12 months of age (early onset diabetes [EOD]), the etiology may be monogenic; however, most cases consist of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Molecular diagnosis was determined in a cohort of 35 unrelated Brazilian patients with NDM or EOD based on targeted next-generation sequencing panel and/or chromosome 6q24 abnormalities. The impact of genetic testing on treatment and follow-up was evaluated. Overall, 24 patients had NDM: with 18 (75.0%) having PNDM, 5 TNDM (20.8%) and 1 case in which this information was unknown. Eleven patients had EOD. Genetic testing was positive in 20/24 patients with NDM (83.3%) and in 18.2% of cases of EOD. The commonest causes were ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel genes, and GCK and IPEX mutations (37.1%, 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively). Patients with PNDM due to KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutations transitioned successfully to sulfonylureas in almost 60% of cases, reinforcing the benefit of performing genetic testing in NDM as early as possible. This report refers to the largest series of cases of NDM (TNDM and PNDM) and EOD in Brazil in which patients were submitted to molecular investigation and in which the clinical impact of genetic diagnosis was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dantas Costa-Riquetto
- Grupo de Diabetes Monogênico (Monogenic Diabetes Group), Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Unidade de Diabetes, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos de Santana
- Grupo de Diabetes Monogênico (Monogenic Diabetes Group), Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Unidade de Diabetes, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Campos Franco
- Grupo de Diabetes Monogênico (Monogenic Diabetes Group), Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Unidade de Diabetes, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Santomauro Jr
- Grupo de Diabetes Monogênico (Monogenic Diabetes Group), Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Unidade de Diabetes, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Milena G Teles
- Grupo de Diabetes Monogênico (Monogenic Diabetes Group), Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Unidade de Diabetes, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Monogenic diabetes includes several clinical conditions generally characterized by early-onset diabetes, such as neonatal diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and various diabetes-associated syndromes. However, patients with apparent type 2 diabetes mellitus may actually have monogenic diabetes. Indeed, the same monogenic diabetes gene can contribute to different forms of diabetes with early or late onset, depending on the functional impact of the variant, and the same pathogenic variant can produce variable diabetes phenotypes, even in the same family. Monogenic diabetes is mostly caused by impaired function or development of pancreatic islets, with defective insulin secretion in the absence of obesity. The most prevalent form of monogenic diabetes is MODY, which may account for 0.5-5% of patients diagnosed with non-autoimmune diabetes but is probably underdiagnosed owing to insufficient genetic testing. Most patients with neonatal diabetes or MODY have autosomal dominant diabetes. More than 40 subtypes of monogenic diabetes have been identified to date, the most prevalent being deficiencies of GCK and HNF1A. Precision medicine approaches (including specific treatments for hyperglycaemia, monitoring associated extra-pancreatic phenotypes and/or following up clinical trajectories, especially during pregnancy) are available for some forms of monogenic diabetes (including GCK- and HNF1A-diabetes) and increase patients' quality of life. Next-generation sequencing has made genetic diagnosis affordable, enabling effective genomic medicine in monogenic diabetes.
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Functionally Significant Variants in Genes Associated with Abdominal Obesity: A Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030460. [PMID: 36983642 PMCID: PMC10056771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and of its associated diseases is a major problem worldwide. Genetic predisposition and the influence of environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity. Changes in the structure and functional activity of genes encoding adipocytokines are involved in the predisposition to weight gain and obesity. In this review, variants in genes associated with adipocyte function are examined, as are variants in genes associated with metabolic aberrations and the accompanying disorders in visceral obesity.
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Cook TW, Wilstermann AM, Mitchell JT, Arnold NE, Rajasekaran S, Bupp CP, Prokop JW. Understanding Insulin in the Age of Precision Medicine and Big Data: Under-Explored Nature of Genomics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:257. [PMID: 36830626 PMCID: PMC9953665 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is amongst the human genome's most well-studied genes/proteins due to its connection to metabolic health. Within this article, we review literature and data to build a knowledge base of Insulin (INS) genetics that influence transcription, transcript processing, translation, hormone maturation, secretion, receptor binding, and metabolism while highlighting the future needs of insulin research. The INS gene region has 2076 unique variants from population genetics. Several variants are found near the transcriptional start site, enhancers, and following the INS transcripts that might influence the readthrough fusion transcript INS-IGF2. This INS-IGF2 transcript splice site was confirmed within hundreds of pancreatic RNAseq samples, lacks drift based on human genome sequencing, and has possible elevated expression due to viral regulation within the liver. Moreover, a rare, poorly characterized African population-enriched variant of INS-IGF2 results in a loss of the stop codon. INS transcript UTR variants rs689 and rs3842753, associated with type 1 diabetes, are found in many pancreatic RNAseq datasets with an elevation of the 3'UTR alternatively spliced INS transcript. Finally, by combining literature, evolutionary profiling, and structural biology, we map rare missense variants that influence preproinsulin translation, proinsulin processing, dimer/hexamer secretory storage, receptor activation, and C-peptide detection for quasi-insulin blood measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Cook
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Jackson T. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Office of Research, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Samak M, Kues A, Kaltenborn D, Klösener L, Mietsch M, Germena G, Hinkel R. Dysregulation of Krüppel-like Factor 2 and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2D Drive Cardiac Microvascular Inflammation and Dysfunction in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2482. [PMID: 36768805 PMCID: PMC9916909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality from diabetes. Herein, vascular inflammation is a major pathological manifestation. We previously characterized the cardiac microvascular inflammatory phenotype in diabetic patients and highlighted micro-RNA 92a (miR-92a) as a driver of endothelial dysfunction. In this article, we further dissect the molecular underlying of these findings by addressing anti-inflammatory Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4 (KLF2 and KLF4). We show that KLF2 dysregulation in diabetes correlates with greater monocyte adhesion as well as migratory defects in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. We also describe, for the first time, a role for myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) in cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. We show that both KLFs 2 and 4, as well as MEF2D, are dysregulated in human and porcine models of diabetes. Furthermore, we prove a direct interaction between miR-92a and all three targets. Altogether, our data strongly qualify miR-92a as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Samak
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kues
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Kaltenborn
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lina Klösener
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Mietsch
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giulia Germena
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Tian M, Feng Y, Liu Y, Wang H. Case report: A 10-year prognosis of neonatal diabetes caused by a novel INS gene mutation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1086785. [PMID: 36686471 PMCID: PMC9852905 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1086785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of diabetes. We analyzed a novel insulin gene (INS) mutation of a Chinese permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) patient to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics and put forward some opinions on treatment and its long-term management. Case description A proband was recruited who was diagnosed with permanent neonatal diabetes on his first day after birth. His clinical and follow-up data were collected for 10 years. All of the family members were given an oral glucose tolerance test. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband, and the genomic DNA of family members was used for verification by first-generation Sanger sequencing technology. The pathogenic variant was screened according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification guidelines and the clinical phenotype of the patient. Diagnostic assessment The proband was diagnosed on the first day after birth, presenting with low birth weight, progressive hyperglycemia, and insulin deficiency. His parents and grandfathers were confirmed to have normal blood sugar levels. A novel homozygous mutation of c.1T>C in the INS gene was detected in the proband, located in the initiation codon. The heterozygous mutations were found in four family members, including his mother, father, and grandfathers. With regular insulin injections, long-term regular follow-up, close monitoring of blood glucose, balanced exercise and diet, and psychological and mutual family support, the blood glucose level was well controlled; there were no acute or chronic complications during this decade. The patient's growth and nervous system development are now no different to those of the same age. Conclusion A favorable prognosis is presented for a permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) patient with a novel mutation in the INS gene in China. The present findings indicate that the genetic diagnosis, early use of insulin, close monitoring of blood glucose, and psychological and mutual family support for patients with INS mutation are necessary for their favorable long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Son RG, Kandasamy B, Bowden T, Azzam RK, Oakes SA, Philipson LH, Greeley SAW. Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in a Child With INS-Related Monogenic Diabetes and a Heterozygous Pathogenic CFTR Mutation. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvac182. [PMID: 36655002 PMCID: PMC9836200 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the close anatomical and physiological links between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas, diseases of 1 compartment often affect the other through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Pancreatitis has been associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but its association with monogenic diabetes is unknown. Patients heterozygous for pathogenic CFTR variants are cystic fibrosis carriers and have been reported to have an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. We describe a 12-year-old patient with monogenic neonatal diabetes due to a pathogenic heterozygous paternally inherited mutation of the insulin gene (INS), c.94 G > A (p.Gly32Ser), who experienced 3 recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis over 7 months in conjunction with poor glycemic control, despite extensive efforts to improve glycemic control in the past 4 years. Intriguingly, the maternal side of the family has an extensive history of adult-onset pancreatitis consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance and the proband is heterozygous for a maternally inherited, CFTR variant c.3909C > G (p.Asn1303Lys). Paternally inherited monogenic neonatal diabetes may have promoted earlier age-of-onset of pancreatitis in this pediatric patient compared to maternal relatives with adult-onset acute pancreatitis. Further study is needed to clarify how separate pathophysiologies associated with INS and CFTR mutations influence interactions between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Son
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Balamurugan Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine/Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiana Bowden
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruba K Azzam
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A Oakes
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Department of Medicine/Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Section of Pediatric and Adult Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Elashi AA, Toor SM, Diboun I, Al-Sarraj Y, Taheri S, Suhre K, Abou-Samra AB, Albagha OME. The Genetic Spectrum of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in Qatar, a Population-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010130. [PMID: 36613572 PMCID: PMC9820507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare monogenic form of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we estimated the prevalence and genetic spectrum of MODY in the Middle Eastern population of Qatar using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 14,364 subjects from the population-based Qatar biobank (QBB) cohort. We focused our investigations on 14 previously identified genes ascribed to the cause of MODY and two potentially novel MODY-causing genes, RFX6 and NKX6-1. Genetic variations within the 16 MODY-related genes were assessed for their pathogenicity to identify disease-causing mutations. Analysis of QBB phenotype data revealed 72 subjects (0.5%) with type 1 diabetes, 2915 subjects (20.3%) with type 2 diabetes and 11,377 (79.2%) without diabetes. We identified 22 mutations in 67 subjects that were previously reported in the Human Genetic Mutation Database (HGMD) as disease-causing (DM) or likely disease causing (DM?) for MODY. We also identified 28 potentially novel MODY-causing mutations, predicted to be among the top 1% most deleterious mutations in the human genome, which showed complete (100%) disease penetrance in 34 subjects. Overall, we estimated that MODY accounts for around 2.2-3.4% of diabetes patients in Qatar. This is the first population-based study to determine the genetic spectrum and estimate the prevalence of MODY in the Middle East. Further research to characterize the newly identified mutations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma A. Elashi
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Salman M. Toor
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Medical and Population Genomics Lab, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- Qatar Genome Program (QGP), Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4454-2974
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24
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Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:e74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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25
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Toh P, Nicholson JL, Vetter AM, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Selenium in Bodily Homeostasis: Hypothalamus, Hormones, and Highways of Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15445. [PMID: 36499772 PMCID: PMC9739294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis requires constant communication between the brain and peripheral tissues. Different organs produce signals, often in the form of hormones, which are detected by the hypothalamus. In response, the hypothalamus alters its regulation of bodily processes, which is achieved through its own pathways of hormonal communication. The generation and transmission of the molecules involved in these bi-directional axes can be affected by redox balance. The essential trace element selenium is known to influence numerous physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, through its various redox functions. Selenium must be obtained through the diet and is used to synthesize selenoproteins, a family of proteins with mainly antioxidant functions. Alterations in selenium status have been correlated with homeostatic disturbances in humans and studies with animal models of selenoprotein dysfunction indicate a strong influence on energy balance. The relationship between selenium and energy metabolism is complicated, however, as selenium has been shown to participate in multiple levels of homeostatic communication. This review discusses the role of selenium in the various pathways of communication between the body and the brain that are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Toh
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica L. Nicholson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Vetter
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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26
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Prasad M K, Mohandas S, Kunka Mohanram R. Role of ferroptosis inhibitors in the management of diabetes. Biofactors 2022; 49:270-296. [PMID: 36468443 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, the iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-mediated cell death, has garnered attention due to its critical involvement in crucial physiological and pathological cellular processes. Indeed, several studies have attributed its role in developing a range of disorders, including diabetes. As accumulating evidence further the understanding of ferroptotic mechanisms, the impact this specialized mode of cell death has on diabetic pathogenesis is still unclear. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted the association of ferroptosis with beta-cell death and insulin resistance, supported by observations of marked alterations in ferroptotic markers in experimental diabetes models. The constant improvement in understanding ferroptosis in diabetes has demonstrated it as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic management. In this regard, ferroptosis inhibitors promise to rescue pancreatic beta-cell function and alleviate diabetes and its complications. This review article elucidates the key ferroptotic pathways that mediate beta-cell death in diabetes, and its complications. In particular, we share our insight into the cross talk between ferroptosis and other hallmark pathogenic mediators such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulators relevant to diabetes progression. Further, we extensively summarize the recent developments on the role of ferroptosis inhibitors and their therapeutic action in alleviating diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad M
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundhar Mohandas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Greeley SAW, Polak M, Njølstad PR, Barbetti F, Williams R, Castano L, Raile K, Chi DV, Habeb A, Hattersley AT, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1188-1211. [PMID: 36537518 PMCID: PMC10107883 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siri Atma W. Greeley
- Section of Pediatric and Adult Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kovler Diabetes Center and Comer Children's HospitalUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michel Polak
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker‐Enfants MaladesUniversité de Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINEParisFrance
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, and Children and Youth Clinic, Hauk eland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Clinical Laboratory UnitBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Rachel Williams
- National Severe Insulin Resistance ServiceCambridge University Hospitals NHS TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Luis Castano
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteCruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo‐ERN, UPV/EHUBarakaldoSpain
| | - Klemens Raile
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyCharité – UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Dung Vu Chi
- Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics and Molecular Therapy, Departement of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesVietnam National Children's HospitalHanoiVietnam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsHanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
| | - Abdelhadi Habeb
- Department of PediatricsPrince Mohamed bin Abdulaziz Hopsital, National Guard Health AffairsMadinahSaudi Arabia
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child ResearchSchool of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
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28
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Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Ding N, Alshahrani A, Wei Q. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Function as the Missing Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1191-1205. [PMID: 36000195 PMCID: PMC9805878 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for cancer, but there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of biological mediators that bridge two disorders together. Understanding the pathogenic association between diabetes and cancer has become the focus of many studies, and findings are potentially valuable for the development of effective preventive or therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Recent Advances: A summary of literature reveals a possible connection between diabetes and cancer through the family of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Historical as well as the most recent findings on the structure, biochemistry, and biology of the PDI family were summarized in this review. Critical Issues: PDIs in general function as redox enzymes and protein chaperones to control the quality of proteins by correcting or otherwise eliminating misfolded proteins in conditions of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, respectively. However, individual members of the PDI family may contribute uniquely to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Studies of exemplary members such as protein disulfide isomerase-associated (PDIA) 1, PDIA6, and PDIA15 were reviewed to highlight their contributions in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer and how they can be potential links bridging the two disorders through the cross talk of signaling pathways. Future Directions: Apparently ubiquitous presence of the PDIs creates difficulties and challenges for scientific community to develop targeted therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and cancer simultaneously. Understanding molecular contribution of individual PDI in the context of specific disease may provide some insights into the development of mechanism-based target-directed therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1191-1205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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29
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Yang J, Zhen J, Feng W, Fan Z, Ding L, Yang X, Huang Y, Shu H, Xie J, Li X, Qiao J, Fan Y, Sun J, Li N, Liu T, Wang S, Zhang X, Arvan P, Liu M. IER3IP1 is critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis through regulating the endoplasmic reticulum function and survival of β cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204443119. [PMID: 36322741 PMCID: PMC9659391 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204443119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in IER3IP1 (immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1) cause a syndrome of microcephaly, epilepsy, and permanent neonatal diabetes (MEDS). IER3IP1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein, which is crucial for brain development; however, the role of IER3IP1 in β cells remains unknown. We have generated two mouse models with either constitutive or inducible IER3IP1 deletion in β cells, named IER3IP1-βKO and IER3IP1-iβKO, respectively. We found that IER3IP1-βKO causes severe early-onset, insulin-deficient diabetes. Functional studies revealed a markedly dilated β-cell ER along with increased proinsulin misfolding and elevated expression of the ER chaperones, including PDI, ERO1, BiP, and P58IPK. Islet transcriptome analysis confirmed by qRT-PCR revealed decreased expression of genes associated with β-cell maturation, cell cycle, and antiapoptotic genes, accompanied by increased expression of antiproliferation genes. Indeed, multiple independent approaches further demonstrated that IER3IP1-βKO impaired β-cell maturation and proliferation, along with increased condensation of β-cell nuclear chromatin. Inducible β-cell IER3IP1 deletion in adult (8-wk-old) mice induced a similar diabetic phenotype, suggesting that IER3IP1 is also critical for function and survival even after β-cell early development. Importantly, IER3IP1 was decreased in β cells of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting an association of IER3IP1 deficiency with β-cell dysfunction in the more-common form of diabetes. These data not only uncover a critical role of IER3IP1 in β cells but also provide insight into molecular basis of diabetes caused by IER3IP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinyang Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhenqian Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hua Shu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jingting Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tengli Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
- Human Islet Resource Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Billings LK, Shi Z, Resurreccion WK, Wang C, Wei J, Pollin TI, Udler MS, Xu J. Statistical evidence for high-penetrance MODY-causing genes in a large population-based cohort. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e372. [PMID: 36208030 PMCID: PMC9659663 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Numerous genes have been proposed as causal for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Scoring systems to annotate mutation pathogenicity have been widely used; however, statistical evidence for being a highly penetrant MODY gene has not been well-established. METHODS Participants were from the UK Biobank with whole-exome sequencing data, including 14,622 with and 185,509 without diagnosis of diabetes. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in 14 reported and 3 possible MODY genes were annotated using American College of Medical Genetics criteria. Evidence for being a high-penetrant MODY gene used two statistical criteria: frequency of aggregate P/LP mutations in each gene are (1) significantly more common in participants with a diagnosis of diabetes than without using the SKAT-O (p < .05) and (2) lower than the maximum credible frequency in the general population. RESULTS Among the 17 genes, 6 (GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, NEUROD1, KCNJ11 and HNF1B) met both criteria, 7 (ABCC8, KLF11, RFX6, PCBD1, WFS1, INS and PDX1) met only one criterion, and the remaining 4 (CEL, BLK, APPL1 and PAX4) failed both criteria, and were classified as 'consistent', 'inconclusive' and 'inconsistent' for being highly penetrant diabetes genes, respectively. Diabetes participants with mutations in the 'consistent' genes had clinical presentations that were most consistent with MODY. In contrast, the 'inconclusive' and 'inconsistent' genes did not differ clinically from non-carriers in diabetes-related characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Data from a large population-based study provided novel statistical evidence to identify 6 MODY genes as consistent with being highly penetrant. These results have potential implications for interpreting genetic testing results and clinical diagnosis of MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana K. Billings
- Department of MedicineNorthShore University HealthSystemSkokieIllinoisUSA
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- Program for Personalized Cancer CareNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - W. Kyle Resurreccion
- Program for Personalized Cancer CareNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Chi‐Hsiung Wang
- Program for Personalized Cancer CareNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Jun Wei
- Program for Personalized Cancer CareNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Toni I. Pollin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program in Personalized and Genomic MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Diabetes UnitMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Program for Personalized Cancer CareNorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIllinoisUSA
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31
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Younis H, Ha SE, Jorgensen BG, Verma A, Ro S. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: Mutations, Physiological Consequences, and Treatment Options. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111762. [PMID: 36573710 PMCID: PMC9697644 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes which affects between 1% and 5% of diagnosed diabetes cases. Clinical characterizations of MODY include onset of diabetes at an early age (before the age of 30), autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, impaired glucose-induced secretion of insulin, and hyperglycemia. Presently, 14 MODY subtypes have been identified. Within these subtypes are several mutations which contribute to the different MODY phenotypes. Despite the identification of these 14 subtypes, MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus due to an overlap in clinical features, high cost and limited availability of genetic testing, and unfamiliarity with MODY outside of the medical profession. The primary aim of this review is to investigate the genetic characterization of the MODY subtypes. Additionally, this review will elucidate the link between the genetics, function, and clinical manifestations of MODY in each of the 14 subtypes. In providing this knowledge, we hope to assist in the accurate diagnosis of MODY patients and, subsequently, in ensuring they receive appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazar Younis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Brian G. Jorgensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arushi Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- RosVivo Therapeutics, Applied Research Facility, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
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Schlegel A, Petersen WC, Holbrook AA, Iverson LK, Graham TE. A Novel INS Mutation in the C-Peptide Region Causing Hyperproinsulinemic Maturity Onset Diabetes of Youth Type 10. Lab Med 2022; 54:327-332. [PMID: 36242597 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Monogenetic diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a collection of single-gene diseases marked by hyperglycemia presenting in childhood or adulthood and the absence of immunological markers of type 1 DM. Mutations in the human insulin gene INS give rise to two separate clinical syndromes: permanent neonatal DM, type 4 (PNDM4), and maturity-onset diabetes of youth, type 10 (MODY10); the former presents shortly after birth and the latter presents in childhood and adulthood. We describe a 40-year-old man in a kindred with high prevalence of DM who presented with severe hyperglycemia but not ketoacidosis or hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve years after initial presentation, the patient had elevated proinsulin and normal plasma C-peptide when nearly euglycemic on treatment with insulin glargine. A novel INS mutation, Gln65Arg, within the C-peptide region was identified. The INS (p.Gln65Arg) mutation may cause MODY10 by disrupting proinsulin maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Schlegel
- Diabetes and Endocrine Treatment Specialists , Sandy, UT , USA
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Huang YN, Lin WDE, Su PH, Bau DAT, Tsai FJ, Huang CC, Wang CH. CD3 +CD56 + T Lymphocytes Are Associated With ER Stress and Inflammasome Activation in Type 1 Diabetes. In Vivo 2022; 36:2083-2091. [PMID: 36099092 PMCID: PMC9463882 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The T cell's flexibility of the immune system to be regulated affects the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammasome activation in the circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells of patients with T1D remain unclear. This study evaluated the role of CD3+CD56+ T cells in T1D and their correlations with ER stress, inflammasome activation and disease characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequency of circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells was determined using flow cytometry in healthy individuals and patients with T1D. Calnexin, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1 (Casp1), cleaved caspase-3 (C-Casp3), and annexin V (AnnV) expression and propidium iodide staining in CD3+/CD56+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequency of CD3+CD56+ T cells was reduced in patients with T1D relative to that in healthy individuals. In addition, high calnexin, NLRP3, ASC and Casp1 expression in CD3+CD56+ T cells was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD3+CD56+ T cells in patients with T1D. CONCLUSION ER stress, inflammasome activation, and a lower peripheral frequency of circulating CD3+CD56+ T cells might indicate disease progression and necessitate clinical T1D immunological self-tolerance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-DE Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Chung-Hsing Wang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Insulin secretion is regulated in multiple steps, and one of the main steps is in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that UDP-glucose induces proinsulin ubiquitination by cereblon, and uridine binds and competes for proinsulin degradation and behaves as sustainable insulin secretagogue. Using insulin mutagenesis of neonatal diabetes variant-C43G and maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10) variant-R46Q, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT1) protects cereblon-dependent proinsulin ubiquitination in the ER. Cereblon is a ligand-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase, and we found that UDP-glucose is the first identified endogenous proinsulin protein degrader. Uridine-containing compounds, such as uridine, UMP, UTP, and UDP-galactose, inhibit cereblon-dependent proinsulin degradation and stimulate insulin secretion from 3 to 24 h after administration in β-cell lines as well as mice. This late and long-term insulin secretion stimulation is designated a day sustainable insulin secretion stimulation. Uridine-containing compounds are designated as proinsulin degradation regulators.
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Holder M, Kapellen T, Ziegler R, Bürger-Büsing J, Danne T, Dost A, Holl RW, Holterhus PM, Karges B, Kordonouri O, Lange K, Müller S, Raile K, Schweizer R, von Sengbusch S, Stachow R, Wagner V, Wiegand S, Neu A. Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-Up of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S49-S79. [PMID: 35913059 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holder
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Germany
| | - Thomas Kapellen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Ziegler
- Practice for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Focus on Diabetology, Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Bürger-Büsing
- Association of Diabetic Children and Adolescents, Diabetes Center, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Danne
- Children's and Youth Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Dost
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Department of General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel Campus, Germany
| | - Beate Karges
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Section, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Children's and Youth Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Lange
- Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Klemens Raile
- Virchow Hospital, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Schweizer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone von Sengbusch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Stachow
- Sylt Specialist Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Westerland, Germany
| | - Verena Wagner
- Joint Practice for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Neu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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Dhayalan B, Glidden MD, Zaykov AN, Chen YS, Yang Y, Phillips NB, Ismail-Beigi F, Jarosinski MA, DiMarchi RD, Weiss MA. Peptide Model of the Mutant Proinsulin Syndrome. I. Design and Clinical Correlation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:821069. [PMID: 35299972 PMCID: PMC8922534 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.821069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutant proinsulin syndrome is a monogenic cause of diabetes mellitus due to toxic misfolding of insulin's biosynthetic precursor. Also designated mutant INS-gene induced diabetes of the young (MIDY), this syndrome defines molecular determinants of foldability in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of β-cells. Here, we describe a peptide model of a key proinsulin folding intermediate and variants containing representative clinical mutations; the latter perturb invariant core sites in native proinsulin (LeuB15→Pro, LeuA16→Pro, and PheB24→Ser). The studies exploited a 49-residue single-chain synthetic precursor (designated DesDi), previously shown to optimize in vitro efficiency of disulfide pairing. Parent and variant peptides contain a single disulfide bridge (cystine B19-A20) to provide a model of proinsulin's first oxidative folding intermediate. The peptides were characterized by circular dichroism and redox stability in relation to effects of the mutations on (a) in vitro foldability of the corresponding insulin analogs and (b) ER stress induced in cell culture on expression of the corresponding variant proinsulins. Striking correlations were observed between peptide biophysical properties, degree of ER stress and age of diabetes onset (neonatal or adolescent). Our findings suggest that age of onset reflects the extent to which nascent structure is destabilized in proinsulin's putative folding nucleus. We envisage that such peptide models will enable high-resolution structural studies of key folding determinants and in turn permit molecular dissection of phenotype-genotype relationships in this monogenic diabetes syndrome. Our companion study (next article in this issue) employs two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy to define site-specific perturbations in the variant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael D. Glidden
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Yen-Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yanwu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nelson B. Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark A. Jarosinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Barbetti F, Rapini N, Schiaffini R, Bizzarri C, Cianfarani S. The application of precision medicine in monogenic diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:111-129. [PMID: 35230204 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2035216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monogenic diabetes, a form of diabetes mellitus, is caused by a mutation in a single gene and may account for 1-2% of all clinical forms of diabetes. To date, more than 40 loci have been associated with either isolated or syndromic monogenic diabetes. AREAS COVERED While the request of a genetic test is mandatory for cases with diabetes onset in the first 6 months of life, a decision may be difficult for childhood or adolescent diabetes. In an effort to assist the clinician in this task, we have grouped monogenic diabetes genes according to the age of onset (or incidental discovery) of hyperglycemia and described the additional clinical features found in syndromic diabetes. The therapeutic options available are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Technical improvements in DNA sequencing allow for rapid, simultaneous analysis of all genes involved in monogenic diabetes, progressively shrinking the area of unsolved cases. However, the complexity of the analysis of genetic data requires close cooperation between the geneticist and the diabetologist, who should play a proactive role by providing a detailed clinical phenotype that might match a specific disease gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Novella Rapini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolisnska Institute and University Hospital, Sweden
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Yang Y, Glidden MD, Dhayalan B, Zaykov AN, Chen YS, Wickramasinghe NP, DiMarchi RD, Weiss MA. Peptide Model of the Mutant Proinsulin Syndrome. II. Nascent Structure and Biological Implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:821091. [PMID: 35299958 PMCID: PMC8922542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.821091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic misfolding of proinsulin variants in β-cells defines a monogenic diabetes syndrome, designated mutant INS-gene induced diabetes of the young (MIDY). In our first study (previous article in this issue), we described a one-disulfide peptide model of a proinsulin folding intermediate and its use to study such variants. The mutations (LeuB15→Pro, LeuA16→Pro, and PheB24→Ser) probe residues conserved among vertebrate insulins. In this companion study, we describe 1H and 1H-13C NMR studies of the peptides; key NMR resonance assignments were verified by synthetic 13C-labeling. Parent spectra retain nativelike features in the neighborhood of the single disulfide bridge (cystine B19-A20), including secondary NMR chemical shifts and nonlocal nuclear Overhauser effects. This partial fold engages wild-type side chains LeuB15, LeuA16 and PheB24 at the nexus of nativelike α-helices α1 and α3 (as defined in native proinsulin) and flanking β-strand (residues B24-B26). The variant peptides exhibit successive structural perturbations in order: parent (most organized) > SerB24 >> ProA16 > ProB15 (least organized). The same order pertains to (a) overall α-helix content as probed by circular dichroism, (b) synthetic yields of corresponding three-disulfide insulin analogs, and (c) ER stress induced in cell culture by corresponding mutant proinsulins. These findings suggest that this and related peptide models will provide a general platform for classification of MIDY mutations based on molecular mechanisms by which nascent disulfide pairing is impaired. We propose that the syndrome's variable phenotypic spectrum-onsets ranging from the neonatal period to later in childhood or adolescence-reflects structural features of respective folding intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael D. Glidden
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Yen-Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nalinda P. Wickramasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Hammoud B, Greeley SAW. Growth and development in monogenic forms of neonatal diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:65-77. [PMID: 34864759 PMCID: PMC11056188 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare disorder in which 80-85% of infants diagnosed under 6 months of age will be found to have an underlying monogenic cause. This review will summarize what is known about growth and neurodevelopmental difficulties among individuals with various forms of NDM. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with NDM often have intrauterine growth restriction and/or low birth weight because of insulin deficiency in utero and the severity and likelihood of ongoing growth concerns after birth depends on the specific cause. A growing list of rare recessive causes of NDM are associated with neurodevelopmental and/or growth problems that can either be related to direct gene effects on brain development, or may be related to a variety of co-morbidities. The most common form of NDM results in spectrum of neurological disability due to expression of mutated KATP channels throughout the brain. SUMMARY Monogenic causes of neonatal diabetes are characterized by variable degree of restriction of growth in utero because of deficiency of insulin that depends on the specific gene cause. Many forms also include a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disability because of mutation-related effects on brain development. Longer term study is needed to clarify longitudinal effects on growth into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hammoud
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Haris B, Mohammed I, Al-Khawaga S, Hussain K. Homozygous Insulin Promotor Gene Mutation Causing Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus and Childhood Onset Autoantibody Negative Diabetes in the Same Family. Int Med Case Rep J 2022; 15:35-41. [PMID: 35140529 PMCID: PMC8819275 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s349424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a family with a homozygous INS promotor gene mutation causing permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) in one sibling and autoantibody negative childhood onset diabetes in another sibling. Case Presentation Patient 1 is a 12-year-old girl born at term with low birth weight to a consanguineous family, diagnosed with PNDM at 26 days of life. She presented with ketoacidosis and has a severe course of disease with high insulin requirement. Patient 2 is a 9-year-old girl born at term with normal weight, who presented with ketoacidosis at 2 years of age. Both subjects have negative type 1 autoantibodies. On genetic testing, a mutation in the promoter region of INS gene c.-331 C>G was found in homozygous state in both subjects and in a heterozygous state in parents. Conclusion Homozygous INS gene promotor mutations may present with either PNDM or later onset autoantibody negative diabetes in childhood. This suggests that homozygous INS gene promotor mutations show marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation within individuals in the same family. The pathophysiology of this is not well known but could be related to a number of factors, including the position of the variant, penetrance, other associated genetic defects, HLA etc. Premarital screening and genetic counselling is recommended for highly consanguineous families to reduce occurrence of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Haris
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Idris Mohammed
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Khalid Hussain, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Education City, OPC, C6-340 |PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, North Campus, Doha, Qatar, Tel +974-4003-7608, Email
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Dhayalan B, Weiss MA. Diabetes-Associated Mutations in Proinsulin Provide a "Molecular Rheostat" of Nascent Foldability. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:85-94. [PMID: 35119630 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus (DM) due to toxic misfolding of proinsulin variants provides a monogenic model of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The mutant proinsulin syndrome (also designated MIDY; Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth or Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10)) ordinarily presents as permanent neonatal-onset DM, but specific amino-acid substitutions may also present later in childhood or adolescence. This review highlights structural mechanisms of proinsulin folding as inferred from phenotype-genotype relationships. RECENT FINDINGS MIDY mutations most commonly add or remove a cysteine, leading to a variant polypeptide containing an odd number of thiol groups. Such variants are associated with aberrant intermolecular disulfide pairing, ER stress, and neonatal β-cell dysfunction. Non-cysteine-related (NCR) mutations (occurring in both the B and A domains of proinsulin) define distinct determinants of foldability and vary in severity. The range of ages of onset, therefore, reflects a "molecular rheostat" connecting protein biophysics to quality-control ER checkpoints. Because in most mammalian cell lines even wild-type proinsulin exhibits limited folding efficiency, molecular barriers to folding uncovered by NCR MIDY mutations may pertain to β-cell dysfunction in non-syndromic type 2 DM due to INS-gene overexpression in the face of peripheral insulin resistance. Recent studies of MIDY mutations and related NCR variants, combining molecular and cell-based approaches, suggest that proinsulin has evolved at the edge of non-foldability. Chemical protein synthesis promises to enable comparative studies of "non-foldable" proinsulin variants to define key steps in wild-type biosynthesis. Such studies may create opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to non-syndromic type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael A Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Dabi YT, Degechisa ST. Genome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 35719247 PMCID: PMC9199525 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s366967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Email
| | - Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Ngoc CTB, Dung VC, De Franco E, Lan NN, Thao BP, Khanh NN, Flanagan SE, Craig ME, Hoang NH, Dien TM. Genetic Etiology of Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnamese Infants and Characteristics of Those With INS Gene Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866573. [PMID: 35518939 PMCID: PMC9063464 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare (1:90,000 newborns) but potentially devastating metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia combined with low levels of insulin. Dominantly-acting insulin (INS) gene mutations cause permanent NDM through single amino acid changes in the protein sequence leading to protein misfolding, which is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress and β-cell apoptosis. Over 90 dominantly-acting INS gene mutations have been identified in individuals with permanent NDM. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 70 infants diagnosed with NDM in the first year of life between May 2008 and May 2021 at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Sequencing analysis of all the genes known to cause NDM was performed at the Exeter Genomic Laboratory, UK. Clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, and annual data relating to glycemic control (HbA1c) and severe hypoglycemia of those with INS mutations were collected. The main outcomes of interest were HbA1c, daily insulin dose, growth, and cognitive/motor development. RESULTS Fifty-five of 70 infants (78.5%) with NDM harbored a mutation in a known disease-causing gene and of these, 10 had six different de novo heterozygous INS mutations. Mean gestational age was 38.1 ± 2.5 weeks and mean birth weight was 2.8 ± 0.5 g. They presented with NDM at 20 ± 17 weeks of age; 6/10 had diabetic ketoacidosis with pH 7.13 ± 0.26; plasma glucose level 32.6 ± 14.3 mmol/l and HbA1C 81 ± 15% mmol/mol. After 5.5 ± 4.8 years of insulin treatment, 9/10 have normal development with a developmental quotient of 80-100% and HbA1C 64 ± 7.3 mmol/mol, 9/10 have normal height, weight, and BMI on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We report a series of Vietnamese NDM cases with dominant INS mutations. INS mutations are the third commonest cause of permanent NDM. We recommend screening of the INS gene in all children diagnosed with diabetes in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Pediatric Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Chi Dung
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Lan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Phuong Thao
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Khanh
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead/Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Dien
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Tran Minh Dien,
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Tikhonovich YV, Petryaykina EE, Timofeev AV, Zubkova NA, Kolodkina AA, Sorkina EL, Vasiliev EV, Petrov VM, Andrianova EA, Zilberman LI, Svetlova GN, Кalinin AL, Rubtsov PM, Кiselev SL, Panova AV, Shreder EV, Krasnova TS, Kulieva BP, Gariaeva IV, Rybkina IG, Malievskiy OA, Tyulpakov AN. Clinical, hormonal and molecular-genetic characteristics of monogenic diabetes mellitus associated with the mutations in the <i>INS</i> gene. DIABETES MELLITUS 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Currently more than 50 mutations of the INS gene are known to affect the various stages of insulin biosynthesis in the beta cells of the pancreas. However only individual cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the INS gene were reported in Russian Federation. We report a group of patients with a clinical manifestation of DM caused by mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the INS gene. The patients with a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in Russian FederationMaterials and methods: 60 patients with an isolated course of neonatal DM (NDM), 52 patients with a manifestation of DM at the age of 7–12 months and the absence of the main autoimmune markers of type 1 DM, 650 patients with the MODY phenotype were included in the study. NGS technology was used for molecular genetic research. Author’s panel of primers (Custom DNA Panel) was used for multiplex PCR and sequencing using Ion Ampliseq™ technology. The author’s panel “Diabetes Mellitus” included 28 genes (13 candidate genes of MODY and other genes associated with DM).Results: 13 heterozygous mutations were identified in 16 probands and 9 relatives. The majority of mutations were detected in patients with PNDM (18.75%) and in patients with an onset of DM at the age of 7–12 months (9.6%). Mutations in the INS gene were detected in 2 patients (0.3%) in the group with the MODY phenotype. Mutations in the INS gene were not detected in patients with transient NDM (TNDM). Analysis of clinical data in patients with PND and onset of diabetes at the age of 7–12 months did not show significant differences in the course of the disease. The clinical characteristics of the cases of MODY10 and diabetes caused by a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported in details.Conclusion: The role of INS gene mutations in NDM, MODY, and DM with an onset at the age of 7–12 months was analyzed in a large group of patients. The clinical characteristics of DM due to a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. V. Tikhonovich
- Morozov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - E. E. Petryaykina
- Morozov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A. V. Timofeev
- Morozov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P. M. Rubtsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - S. L. Кiselev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science
| | - A. V. Panova
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science
| | - E. V. Shreder
- Morozov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital; Endocrinology Research Centre
| | - T. S. Krasnova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science
| | | | | | | | - O. A. Malievskiy
- Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Bashkortostan
| | - A. N. Tyulpakov
- Morozov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital; Academician N.P. Bochkov Research Centre of Medical Genetics (RCMG), Russian Academy of Sciences
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Sahin GS, Lee H, Engin F. An accomplice more than a mere victim: The impact of β-cell ER stress on type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101365. [PMID: 34728341 PMCID: PMC8606542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cells are the insulin factory of an organism with a mission to regulate glucose homeostasis in the body. Due to their high secretory activity, β-cells rely on a functional and intact endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbations to ER homeostasis and unmitigated stress lead to β-cell dysfunction and death. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the autoimmune-mediated destruction of β-cells. Although autoimmunity is an essential component of T1D pathogenesis, accumulating evidence suggests an important role of β-cell ER stress and aberrant unfolded protein response (UPR) in disease initiation and progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we introduce ER stress and the UPR, review β-cell ER stress in various mouse models, evaluate its involvement in inflammation, and discuss the effects of ER stress on β-cell plasticity and demise, and islet autoimmunity in T1D. We also highlight the relationship of ER stress with other stress response pathways and provide insight into ongoing clinical studies targeting ER stress and the UPR for the prevention or treatment of T1D. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Evidence from ex vivo studies, in vivo mouse models, and tissue samples from patients suggest that β-cell ER stress and a defective UPR contribute to T1D pathogenesis. Thus, restoration of β-cell ER homeostasis at various stages of disease presents a plausible therapeutic strategy for T1D. Identifying the specific functions and regulation of each UPR sensor in β-cells and uncovering the crosstalk between stressed β-cells and immune cells during T1D progression would provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease process, and may reveal novel targets for development of effective therapies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Yamazoe T, Nakahara Y, Katsube H, Inoue YH. Expression of Human Mutant Preproinsulins Induced Unfolded Protein Response, Gadd45 Expression, JAK-STAT Activation, and Growth Inhibition in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12038. [PMID: 34769468 PMCID: PMC8584581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the insulin gene (INS) are frequently associated with human permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms underlying the onset of this genetic disease is not sufficiently decoded. We induced expression of two types of human mutant INSs in Drosophila using its ectopic expression system and investigated the resultant responses in development. Expression of the wild-type preproinsulin in the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) throughout the larval stage led to a stimulation of the overall and wing growth. However, ectopic expression of human mutant preproinsulins, hINSC96Y and hINSLB15YB16delinsH, neither of which secreted from the β-cells, could not stimulate the Drosophila growth. Furthermore, neither of the mutant polypeptides induced caspase activation leading to apoptosis. Instead, they induced expression of several markers indicating the activation of unfolded protein response, such as ER stress-dependent Xbp1 mRNA splicing and ER chaperone induction. We newly found that the mutant polypeptides induced the expression of Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) in imaginal disc cells. ER stress induced by hINSC96Y also activated the JAK-STAT signaling, involved in inflammatory responses. Collectively, we speculate that the diabetes-like growth defects appeared as a consequence of the human mutant preproinsulin expression was involved in dysfunction of the IPCs, rather than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-0962, Sakyo, Japan; (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (H.K.)
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Dalgin G, Tryba AK, Cohen AP, Park SY, Philipson LH, Greeley SAW, Garcia AJ. Developmental defects and impaired network excitability in a cerebral organoid model of KCNJ11 p.V59M-related neonatal diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21590. [PMID: 34732776 PMCID: PMC8566525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene KCNJ11 encodes Kir6.2 a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) expressed in both the pancreas and brain. Heterozygous gain of function mutations in KCNJ11 can cause neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). In addition, many patients exhibit neurological defects ranging from modest learning disorders to severe cognitive dysfunction and seizures. However, it remains unclear to what extent these neurological deficits are due to direct brain-specific activity of mutant KATP. We have generated cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) possessing the KCNJ11 mutation p.Val59Met (V59M) and from non-pathogenic/normal hiPSCs (i.e., control/WT). Control cerebral organoids developed neural networks that could generate stable synchronized bursting neuronal activity whereas those derived from V59M cerebral organoids showed reduced synchronization. Histocytochemical studies revealed a marked reduction in neurons localized to upper cortical layer-like structures in V59M cerebral organoids suggesting dysfunction in the development of cortical neuronal network. Examination of temporal transcriptional profiles of neural stem cell markers revealed an extended window of SOX2 expression in V59M cerebral organoids. Continuous treatment of V59M cerebral organoids with the KATP blocker tolbutamide partially rescued the neurodevelopmental differences. Our study demonstrates the utility of human cerebral organoids as an investigative platform for studying the effects of KCNJ11 mutations on neurophysiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Dalgin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Andrew K Tryba
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley P Cohen
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfredo J Garcia
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Tosur M, Soler-Alfonso C, Chan KM, Khayat MM, Jhangiani SN, Meng Q, Refaey A, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Murdock DR, Posey JE, Balasubramanyam A, Redondo MJ, Sabo A. Exome sequencing in children with clinically suspected maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:960-968. [PMID: 34387403 PMCID: PMC8530905 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commercial gene panels identify pathogenic variants in as low as 27% of patients suspected to have MODY, suggesting the role of yet unidentified pathogenic variants. We sought to identify novel gene variants associated with MODY. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 10 children with a clinical suspicion of MODY but non-diagnostic commercial MODY gene panels. We performed exome sequencing (ES) in them and their parents. RESULTS Mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 10 (± 3.8) years. Six were females; 4 were non-Hispanic white, 5 Hispanic, and 1 Asian. Our variant prioritization analysis identified a pathogenic, de novo variant in INS (c.94G > A, p.Gly32Ser), confirmed by Sanger sequencing, in a proband who was previously diagnosed with "autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes (T1D)" at 3 y/o. This rare variant, absent in the general population (gnomAD database), has been reported previously in neonatal diabetes. We also identified a frameshift deletion (c.2650delC, p.Gln884AsnfsTer57) in RFX6 in a child with a previous diagnosis of "autoantibody-negative T1D" at 12 y/o. The variant was inherited from the mother, who was diagnosed with "thin type 2 diabetes" at 25 y/o. Heterozygous protein-truncating variants in RFX6 gene have been recently reported in individuals with MODY. CONCLUSIONS We diagnosed two patients with MODY using ES in children initially classified as "T1D". One has a likely pathogenic novel gene variant not previously associated with MODY. We demonstrate the clinical utility of ES in patients with clinical suspicion of MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, The Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Soler-Alfonso
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie M Chan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael M Khayat
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingchang Meng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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