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Characterization of social behavior in young and middle-aged ChAT-IRES-Cre mouse. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272141. [PMID: 35925937 PMCID: PMC9352053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system is an important modulator of brain processes. It contributes to the regulation of several cognitive functions and emotional states, hence altering behaviors. Previous works showed that cholinergic (nicotinic) receptors of the prefrontal cortex are needed for adapted social behaviors. However, these data were obtained in mutant mice that also present alterations of several neurotransmitter systems, in addition to the cholinergic system. ChAT-IRES-Cre mice, that express the Cre recombinase specifically in cholinergic neurons, are useful tools to investigate the role of the cholinergic circuits in behavior. However, their own behavioral phenotype has not yet been fully characterized, in particular social behavior. In addition, the consequences of aging on the cholinergic system of ChAT-IRES-Cre mice has never been studied, despite the fact that aging is known to compromise the cholinergic system efficiency. The aim of the current study was thus to characterize the social phenotype of ChAT-IRES-Cre mice both at young (2–3 months) and middle (10–11 months) ages. Our results reveal an alteration of the cholinergic system, evidenced by a decrease of ChAT, CHT and VAChT gene expression in the striatum of the mice, that was accompanied by mild social disturbances and a tendency towards anxiety. Aging decreased social dominance, without being amplified by the cholinergic alterations. Altogether, this study shows that ChAT-IRES-Cre mice are useful models for studying the cholinergic system‘s role in social behavior using appropriate modulating technics (optogenetic or DREADD).
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Wills L, Ables JL, Braunscheidel KM, Caligiuri SPB, Elayouby KS, Fillinger C, Ishikawa M, Moen JK, Kenny PJ. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Nicotine Reward and Aversion. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:271-310. [PMID: 35017179 PMCID: PMC11060337 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also regulate the aversive properties of nicotine, sensitivity to which decreases tobacco use and protects against tobacco use disorder. These opposing behavioral actions of nicotine reflect nAChR expression in brain reward and aversion circuits. nAChRs containing α4 and β2 subunits are responsible for the high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are densely expressed by reward-relevant neurons, most notably dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. High-affinity nAChRs can incorporate additional subunits, including β3, α6, or α5 subunits, with the resulting nAChR subtypes playing discrete and dissociable roles in the stimulatory actions of nicotine on brain dopamine transmission. nAChRs in brain dopamine circuits also participate in aversive reactions to nicotine and the negative affective state experienced during nicotine withdrawal. nAChRs containing α3 and β4 subunits are responsible for the low-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are enriched in brain sites involved in aversion, including the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract, brain sites in which α5 nAChR subunits are also expressed. These aversion-related brain sites regulate nicotine avoidance behaviors, and genetic variation that modifies the function of nAChRs in these sites increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases. Here, we review the molecular, cellular, and circuit-level mechanisms through which nicotine elicits reward and aversion and the adaptations in these processes that drive the development of nicotine dependence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Tobacco use disorder in the form of habitual cigarette smoking or regular use of other tobacco-related products is a major cause of death and disease worldwide. This article reviews the actions of nicotine in the brain that contribute to tobacco use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wills
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Jessica L Ables
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Kevin M Braunscheidel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Karim S Elayouby
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Clementine Fillinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Masago Ishikawa
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Janna K Moen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
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3
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Rooy M, Lazarevich I, Koukouli F, Maskos U, Gutkin B. Cholinergic modulation of hierarchical inhibitory control over cortical resting state dynamics: Local circuit modeling of schizophrenia-related hypofrontality. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100018. [PMID: 34820636 PMCID: PMC8591733 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate the cholinergic drive to a hierarchy of inhibitory neurons in the superficial layers of the PFC, critical to cognitive processes. It has been shown that genetic deletions of the various types of nAChRs impact the properties of ultra-slow transitions between high and low PFC activity states in mice during quiet wakefulness. The impact characteristics depend on specific interneuron populations expressing the manipulated receptor subtype. In addition, recent data indicate that a genetic mutation of the α5 nAChR subunit, located on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inhibitory neurons, the rs16969968 single nucleotide polymorphism (α5 SNP), plays a key role in the hypofrontality observed in schizophrenia patients carrying the SNP. Data also indicate that chronic nicotine application to α5 SNP mice relieves the hypofrontality. We developed a computational model to show that the activity patterns recorded in the genetically modified mice can be explained by changes in the dynamics of the local PFC circuit. Notably, our model shows that these altered PFC circuit dynamics are due to changes in the stability structure of the activity states. We identify how this stability structure is differentially modulated by cholinergic inputs to the parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM) or the VIP inhibitory populations. Our model uncovers that a change in amplitude, but not duration of the high activity states can account for the lowered pyramidal (PYR) population firing rates recorded in α5 SNP mice. We demonstrate how nicotine-induced desensitization and upregulation of the β2 nAChRs located on SOM interneurons, as opposed to the activation of α5 nAChRs located on VIP interneurons, is sufficient to explain the nicotine-induced activity normalization in α5 SNP mice. The model further implies that subsequent nicotine withdrawal may exacerbate the hypofrontality over and beyond one caused by the SNP mutation. Prefrontal cortex shows ultra-slow alterations between low and high activity states at rest. This activity is characteristically decreased in schizophrenia patients. Model identifies local circuit origin of hypofrontality associated with schizophrenia and a5 nicotinic receptor malfunction. Decrease in PFC VIP-interneuron excitability drives decrease in high-activity-state stability and overall hypofrontality. Model shows desensitization/upregulation of SOM-expressed β2-NAChRs drive nicotine-induced renormalization of PFC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rooy
- Ecole Normale Sup'erieure PSL Univeristy, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives INSERM U960, Group for Neural Theory, Paris, France.,Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Lazarevich
- Ecole Normale Sup'erieure PSL Univeristy, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives INSERM U960, Group for Neural Theory, Paris, France.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Fani Koukouli
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie integrative des systemes cholinergiques, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie integrative des systemes cholinergiques, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Boris Gutkin
- Ecole Normale Sup'erieure PSL Univeristy, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives INSERM U960, Group for Neural Theory, Paris, France.,Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Wills L, Kenny PJ. Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1652-1673. [PMID: 33742685 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The addiction-relevant molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of nicotine are derived from its stimulatory effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system. nAChRs expressed by dopamine-containing neurons in the ventral midbrain, most notably in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), contribute to the reward-enhancing properties of nicotine that motivate the use of tobacco products. nAChRs are also expressed by neurons in brain circuits that regulate aversion. In particular, nAChRs expressed by neurons in the medial habenula (mHb) and the interpeduncular nucleus (IPn) to which the mHb almost exclusively projects regulate the "set-point" for nicotine aversion and control nicotine intake. Different nAChR subtypes are expressed in brain reward and aversion circuits and nicotine intake is titrated to maximally engage reward-enhancing nAChRs while minimizing the recruitment of aversion-promoting nAChRs. With repeated exposure to nicotine, reward- and aversion-related nAChRs and the brain circuits in which they are expressed undergo adaptations that influence whether tobacco use will transition from occasional to habitual. Genetic variation that influences the sensitivity of addiction-relevant brain circuits to the actions of nicotine also influence the propensity to develop habitual tobacco use. Here, we review some of the key advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which nicotine acts on brain reward and aversion circuits and the adaptations that occur in these circuits that may drive addiction to nicotine-containing tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wills
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Chen R, Ferris MJ, Wang S. Dopamine D2 autoreceptor interactome: Targeting the receptor complex as a strategy for treatment of substance use disorder. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107583. [PMID: 32473160 PMCID: PMC7434700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 autoreceptors (D2ARs), located in somatodendritic and axon terminal compartments of dopamine (DA) neurons, function to provide a negative feedback regulatory control on DA neuron firing, DA synthesis, reuptake and release. Dysregulation of D2AR-mediated DA signaling is implicated in vulnerability to substance use disorder (SUD). Due to the extreme low abundance of D2ARs compared to postsynaptic D2 receptors (D2PRs) and the lack of experimental tools to differentiate the signaling of D2ARs from D2PRs, the regulation of D2ARs by drugs of abuse is poorly understood. The recent availability of conditional D2AR knockout mice and newly developed virus-mediated gene delivery approaches have provided means to specifically study the function of D2ARs at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels. There is a growing revelation of novel mechanisms and new proteins that mediate D2AR activity, suggesting that D2ARs act cooperatively with an array of membrane and intracellular proteins to tightly control DA transmission. This review highlights D2AR-interacting partners including transporters, G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, intracellular signaling modulators, and protein kinases. The complexity of the D2AR interaction network illustrates the functional divergence of D2ARs. Pharmacological targeting of multiple D2AR-interacting partners may be more effective to restore disrupted DA homeostasis by drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America.
| | - Mark J Ferris
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
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6
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Vitrac A, Pons S, Balkota M, Lemière N, Raïs C, Bourgeois JP, Maskos U, Bourgeron T, Cloëz-Tayarani I. A chimeric mouse model to study human iPSC-derived neurons: the case of a truncating SHANK3 mutation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13315. [PMID: 32769989 PMCID: PMC7414912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), recent studies have shown that the events underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can occur during neonatal development. We previously analyzed the iPSC-derived pyramidal cortical neurons of a subset of patients with ASD carrying de novo heterozygous mutations in postsynaptic SHANK3 protein, in culture. We reported altered spinogenesis of those neurons. The transplantation of human iPSC-derived neuronal precursors into mouse brain represents a novel option for in vivo analysis of mutations affecting the human brain. In this study, we transplanted the neuronal precursor cells (NPC) into the cortex of newborn mice to analyze their integration and maturation at early stages of development and studied axonal projections of transplanted human neurons into adult mouse brain. We then co-transplanted NPC from a control individual and from a patient carrying a de novo heterozygous SHANK3 mutation. We observed a reduction in cell soma size of selective neuronal categories and in axonal projections at 30 days post-transplantation. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, we did not observe any alteration in spinogenesis at this early age. The humanized chimeric mouse models offer the means to analyze ASD-associated mutations further and provide the opportunity to visualize phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Vitrac
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marta Balkota
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lemière
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Célia Raïs
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourgeois
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cloëz-Tayarani
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, CNRS UMR 3571 « Genes, Synapses and Cognition », Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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7
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Icick R, Forget B, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Pons S, Maskos U, Besson M. Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108234. [PMID: 32738310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, robust human genetic findings have been instrumental in elucidating the heritable basis of nicotine addiction (NA). They highlight coding and synonymous polymorphisms in a cluster on chromosome 15, encompassing the CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 genes, coding for three subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). They have inspired an important number of preclinical studies, and will hopefully lead to the definition of novel drug targets for treating NA. Here, we review these candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their direct implication in human brain function and NA-related phenotypes. We continue with a description of preclinical work in transgenic rodents that has led to a mechanistic understanding of several of the genetic hits. We also highlight important issues with regards to CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 where we are still lacking a dissection of their role in NA, including even in preclinical models. We further emphasize the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models for the analysis of synonymous and intronic variants on a human genomic background. Finally, we indicate potential avenues to further our understanding of the role of this human genetic variation. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Icick
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75010, France; INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle Cloëz-Tayarani
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Morgane Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France.
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8
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Coddington LT, Dudman JT. Learning from Action: Reconsidering Movement Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Activity. Neuron 2020; 104:63-77. [PMID: 31600516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals infer when and where a reward is available from experience with informative sensory stimuli and their own actions. In vertebrates, this is thought to depend upon the release of dopamine from midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Studies of the role of dopamine have focused almost exclusively on their encoding of informative sensory stimuli; however, many dopaminergic neurons are active just prior to movement initiation, even in the absence of sensory stimuli. How should current frameworks for understanding the role of dopamine incorporate these observations? To address this question, we review recent anatomical and functional evidence for action-related dopamine signaling. We conclude by proposing a framework in which dopaminergic neurons encode subjective signals of action initiation to solve an internal credit assignment problem.
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9
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Robles-Murguia M, Rao D, Finkelstein D, Xu B, Fan Y, Demontis F. Muscle-derived Dpp regulates feeding initiation via endocrine modulation of brain dopamine biosynthesis. Genes Dev 2019; 34:37-52. [PMID: 31831628 PMCID: PMC6938663 DOI: 10.1101/gad.329110.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Robles-Murguia et al. set out to examine whether muscle-secreted hormones regulate feeding. Using Drosophila as a model system combined with several in vivo and in vitro experiments, the authors identify Decapentaplegic (Dpp) as a myokine that can signal from the muscle to the brain to control feeding by altering dopamine synthesis through transcriptional regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In animals, the brain regulates feeding behavior in response to local energy demands of peripheral tissues, which secrete orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. Although skeletal muscle is a key peripheral tissue, it remains unknown whether muscle-secreted hormones regulate feeding. In Drosophila, we found that decapentaplegic (dpp), the homolog of human bone morphogenetic proteins BMP2 and BMP4, is a muscle-secreted factor (a myokine) that is induced by nutrient sensing and that circulates and signals to the brain. Muscle-restricted dpp RNAi promotes foraging and feeding initiation, whereas dpp overexpression reduces it. This regulation of feeding by muscle-derived Dpp stems from modulation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and dopamine biosynthesis. Consistently, Dpp receptor signaling in dopaminergic neurons regulates TH expression and feeding initiation via the downstream transcriptional repressor Schnurri. Moreover, pharmacologic modulation of TH activity rescues the changes in feeding initiation due to modulation of dpp expression in muscle. These findings indicate that muscle-to-brain endocrine signaling mediated by the myokine Dpp regulates feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Robles-Murguia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Deepti Rao
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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10
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Garton DR, Ross SG, Maldonado-Hernández R, Quick M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA, Lizardi-Ortiz JE. Amphetamine enantiomers inhibit homomeric α7 nicotinic receptor through a competitive mechanism and within the intoxication levels in humans. Neuropharmacology 2018; 144:172-183. [PMID: 30359640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most consumed illicit drug worldwide and lack good treatments for associated substance use disorders, lagging behind other addictive drugs. For this reason, a deeper understanding of the pharmacodynamics of ATS is required. The present study seeks to determine amphetamine (AMPH) enantiomers' effects on the homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Here we have shown that AMPH enantiomers bind to the α7 nAChR and competitively inhibit acetylcholine responses. Our in silico docking analysis suggests that AMPH binds close to the β7 strand of the B-loop of a chimera comprising of the human α7 nAChR and the acetylcholine binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis. This may inhibit the required movement of the C-loop for channel opening, due to steric hindrance, providing a structural mechanism for its antagonist effect. Finally, we have shown that, in α7 nAChR full knockout mice, the behavioral response to D-AMPH is attenuated, providing direct evidence for the role of α7 nAChRs on the physiological response to D-AMPH. Importantly, D-AMPH exerts these effects at concentrations predicted to be pharmacologically relevant for chronic methamphetamine users and during binges. In conclusion, our data present new findings that implicate the α7 nAChR on the pharmacodynamics of ATS, which may be important for behavioral responses to these drugs, indicating a potential role for α7 nAChRs in ATS substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Garton
- Columbia College of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sharmaine G Ross
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Therapeutics Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00927, USA
| | - José E Lizardi-Ortiz
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00927, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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11
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Morel C, Montgomery S, Han MH. Nicotine and alcohol: the role of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in drug reinforcement. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2180-2200. [PMID: 30251377 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol addiction are leading causes of preventable death worldwide and continue to constitute a huge socio-economic burden. Both nicotine and alcohol perturb the brain's mesocorticolimbic system. Dopamine (DA) neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to multiple downstream structures, including the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are highly involved in the maintenance of healthy brain function. VTA DA neurons play a crucial role in associative learning and reinforcement. Nicotine and alcohol usurp these functions, promoting reinforcement of drug taking behaviors. In this review, we will first describe how nicotine and alcohol individually affect VTA DA neurons by examining how drug exposure alters the heterogeneous VTA microcircuit and network-wide projections. We will also examine how coadministration or previous exposure to nicotine or alcohol may augment the reinforcing effects of the other. Additionally, this review briefly summarizes the role of VTA DA neurons in nicotine, alcohol, and their synergistic effects in reinforcement and also addresses the remaining questions related to the circuit-function specificity of the dopaminergic system in mediating nicotine/alcohol reinforcement and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Morel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Building Floor 12 Room 12-75B, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Building Floor 12 Room 12-75B, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Building Floor 12 Room 12-75B, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Durand-de Cuttoli R, Mondoloni S, Marti F, Lemoine D, Nguyen C, Naudé J, d'Izarny-Gargas T, Pons S, Maskos U, Trauner D, Kramer RH, Faure P, Mourot A. Manipulating midbrain dopamine neurons and reward-related behaviors with light-controllable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. eLife 2018; 7:37487. [PMID: 30176987 PMCID: PMC6122951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) integrate cholinergic inputs to regulate key functions such as motivation and goal-directed behaviors. Yet the temporal dynamic range and mechanism of action of acetylcholine (ACh) on the modulation of VTA circuits and reward-related behaviors are not known. Here, we used a chemical-genetic approach for rapid and precise optical manipulation of nicotinic neurotransmission in VTA neurons in living mice. We provide direct evidence that the ACh tone fine-tunes the firing properties of VTA DA neurons through β2-containing (β2*) nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). Furthermore, locally photo-antagonizing these receptors in the VTA was sufficient to reversibly switch nicotine reinforcement on and off. By enabling control of nicotinic transmission in targeted brain circuits, this technology will help unravel the various physiological functions of nAChRs and may assist in the design of novel therapies relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Mondoloni
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Damien Lemoine
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Claire Nguyen
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Naudé
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut d'Izarny-Gargas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Philippe Faure
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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13
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Arvaniti M, Polli FS, Kohlmeier KA, Thomsen MS, Andreasen JT. Loss of Lypd6 leads to reduced anxiety-like behaviour and enhanced responses to nicotine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:86-94. [PMID: 29195920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine consumption through smoking affects anxious states in humans. However, the precise role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) circuitry in the regulation of anxiety remains elusive. The Lynx protein Lypd6 is highly enriched in synaptic loci and has been previously identified as an endogenous inhibitor of neuronal nAChR function in vitro. Here, we investigate the effect of Lypd6 in anxiety-related behaviour and examine the molecular underpinnings of its function in the brain. We employ the marble burying (MB) and elevated zero maze (EZM) tests in Lypd6 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and find that loss of Lypd6 leads to decreased digging behaviour in the MB test and increased time spent in the open area in the EZM test. Moreover, we demonstrate that acute nicotine administration reduces digging in the MB test in both KO and WT mice and further accentuates the inherent genotype difference. Using in vitro electrophysiology in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) neurons from Lypd6 KO mice, we show that nicotine-evoked whole-cell currents are enhanced in the absence of Lypd6. Collectively, these data are the first to indicate the involvement of Lypd6 in circuits associated with anxiety and suggest that a possible underlying neurobiological mechanism is the modulation of cholinergic responses in the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arvaniti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip S Polli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Department of Synaptic Transmission In Vitro, Valby, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Andreasen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Matta JA, Gu S, Davini WB, Lord B, Siuda ER, Harrington AW, Bredt DS. NACHO Mediates Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function throughout the Brain. Cell Rep 2018; 19:688-696. [PMID: 28445721 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) participate in diverse aspects of brain function and mediate behavioral and addictive properties of nicotine. Neuronal nAChRs derive from combinations of α and β subunits, whose assembly is tightly regulated. NACHO was recently identified as a chaperone for α7-type nAChRs. Here, we find NACHO mediates assembly of all major classes of presynaptic and postsynaptic nAChR tested. NACHO acts at early intracellular stages of nAChR subunit assembly and then synergizes with RIC-3 for receptor surface expression. NACHO knockout mice show profound deficits in binding sites for α-bungarotoxin, epibatidine, and conotoxin MII, illustrating essential roles for NACHO in proper assembly of α7-, α4β2-, and α6-containing nAChRs, respectively. By contrast, GABAA receptors are unaffected consistent with NACHO specifically modulating nAChRs. NACHO knockout mice show abnormalities in locomotor and cognitive behaviors compatible with nAChR deficiency and underscore the importance of this chaperone for physiology and disease associated with nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Matta
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shenyan Gu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Weston B Davini
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian Lord
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Edward R Siuda
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anthony W Harrington
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David S Bredt
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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15
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Durand-de Cuttoli R, Mondoloni S, Mourot A. [Optically dissecting brain nicotinic receptor function with photo-controllable designer receptors]. Biol Aujourdhui 2017; 211:173-188. [PMID: 29236669 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2017022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels widely expressed in the central nervous system and the periphery. They play an important modulatory role in learning, memory and attention, and have been implicated in various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia and addiction. These receptors are activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine, or by nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco leaves. Both molecules open the ion channel and cause the movement of cations across the membrane, which directly affects neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. nAChRs are very heterogeneous in their subunit composition (α2-10 et β2-4), in their brain distribution (cortex, midbrain, striatum…) and in their sub-cellular localization (pre- vs post-synaptic, axonal, dendritic…). This heterogeneity highly contributes to the very diverse roles these receptors have in health and disease. The ability to activate or block a specific nAChR subtype, at a defined time and space within the brain, would greatly help obtaining a clearer picture of these various functions. To this aim, we are developing novel optogenetic pharmacology strategies for optically controlling endogenous nAChR isoforms within the mouse brain. The idea is to tether a chemical photoswitch on the surface of a cysteine-modified nAChR, and use light for rapidly and reversibly turning that receptor mutant on and off. Here we will discuss the history of optogenetic pharmacology, and the recent advances for the optical control of brain nicotinic receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Mondoloni
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Broussard JI, Acion L, De Jesús-Cortés H, Yin T, Britt JK, Salas R, Costa-Mattioli M, Robertson C, Pieper AA, Arciniegas DB, Jorge R. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury produces neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behaviour and impaired spatial memory in mice. Brain Inj 2017; 32:113-122. [PMID: 29156991 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1380228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Repeated traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) are frequently associated with debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions such as cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We tested the hypothesis that repeated mild traumatic brain injury impairs spatial memory and enhances anxiety-like behaviour. RESEARCH DESIGN We used a between groups design using single (smTBI) or repeated (rmTBI) controlled cranial closed skull impacts to mice, compared to a control group. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We assessed the effects of smTBI and rmTBI using measures of motor performance (Rotarod Test [RT]), anxiety-like behaviour (Elevated Plus Maze [EPM] and Open Field [OF] tests), and spatial memory (Morris Water Maze [MWM]) within 12 days of the final injury. In separate groups of mice, astrocytosis and microglial activation were assessed 24 hours after the final injury using GFAP and IBA-1 immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS RmTBI impaired spatial memory in the MWM and increased anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM and OFT. In addition, rmTBI elevated GFAP and IBA-1 immunohistochemistry throughout the mouse brain. RmTBI produced astrocytosis and microglial activation, and elicited impaired spatial memory and anxiety-like behaviour. CONCLUSIONS rmTBI produces acute cognitive and anxiety-like disturbances associated with inflammatory changes in brain regions involved in spatial memory and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Broussard
- a Beth K and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Laura Acion
- a Beth K and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,b Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Terry Yin
- c Departments of Psychiatry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Jeremiah K Britt
- c Departments of Psychiatry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- a Beth K and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,d Department of Veteran Affairs , Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston TX , USA
| | - Mauro Costa-Mattioli
- e Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Claudia Robertson
- f Department of Neurosurgery , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- c Departments of Psychiatry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.,g Neurology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.,h Department of Neuroscience , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,i Department of Veterans Affairs , Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.,j Cornell Autism Research Program , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - David B Arciniegas
- a Beth K and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Ricardo Jorge
- a Beth K and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,d Department of Veteran Affairs , Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston TX , USA
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17
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Effect of varenicline on behavioral deficits in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of substantia nigra. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 29:327-335. [PMID: 29064842 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Varenicline tartrate is a partial agonist at α4β2 and full agonist at α7 neuronal nAChR subunits. A unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra (SN) has been used as a reliable model of PD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of varenicline on locomotor and nonlocomotor behavioral deficits induced by a unilateral lesion of the SN induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (8 µg/4 µl). Varenicline (1 mg/kg) was administered to the lesioned rats daily for 2 weeks, which commenced 3 weeks after 6-OHDA administration. The results showed that varenicline improved motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA. It improved locomotor and nonlocomotor activities such as forelimb use, rotarod performance, and forelimb asymmetry. Varenicline did not change rearing or vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing but did increase apomorphine-induced rotation. In conclusion, the present results suggest that drugs with specific partial/full agonistic activity on nAChR subunits could be of value in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
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18
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Campagne C, Reyes-Gomez E, Picco ME, Loiodice S, Salaun P, Ezagal J, Bernex F, Commère PH, Pons S, Esquerre D, Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Maskos U, Lopez-Bergami P, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Panthier JJ, Egidy G. RACK1 cooperates with NRAS Q61K to promote melanoma in vivo. Cell Signal 2017; 36:255-266. [PMID: 28343944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. RACK1 (Receptor for activated protein kinase C) protein was proposed as a biological marker of melanoma in human and domestic animal species harboring spontaneous melanomas. As a scaffold protein, RACK1 is able to coordinate the interaction of key signaling molecules implicated in both physiological cellular functions and tumorigenesis. A role for RACK1 in rewiring ERK and JNK signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines had been proposed. Here, we used a genetic approach to test this hypothesis in vivo in the mouse. We show that Rack1 knock-down in the mouse melanoma cell line B16 reduces invasiveness and induces cell differentiation. We have developed the first mouse model for RACK1 gain of function, Tyr::Rack1-HA transgenic mice, targeting RACK1 to melanocytes in vivo. RACK1 overexpression was not sufficient to initiate melanomas despite activated ERK and AKT. However, in a context of melanoma predisposition, RACK1 overexpression reduced latency and increased incidence and metastatic rate. In primary melanoma cells from Tyr::Rack1-HA, Tyr::NRasQ61K mice, activated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) acted as RACK1 oncogenic partners in tumoral progression. A sequential and coordinated activation of ERK, JNK and STAT3 with RACK1 is shown to accelerate aggressive melanoma development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campagne
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M E Picco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Loiodice
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Salaun
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Ezagal
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Bernex
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P H Commère
- Plateforme de Cytométrie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - S Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Esquerre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Bourneuf
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; LREG, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - U Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - P Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnologicos, Ambientales y Diagnostico, Universidad Malmonides, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Aubin-Houzelstein
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J J Panthier
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; CNRS URM 3738, USC INRA 2026, F-75724, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Génétique fonctionnelle de la Souris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris F-75724, France
| | - G Egidy
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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19
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Lombardo S, Catteau J, Besson M, Maskos U. A role for β2* nicotinic receptors in a model of local amyloid pathology induced in dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:221-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Besson M, Guiducci S, Granon S, Guilloux JP, Guiard B, Repérant C, Faure P, Pons S, Cannazza G, Zoli M, Gardier AM, Maskos U. Alterations in alpha5* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors result in midbrain- and hippocampus-dependent behavioural and neural impairments. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3297-314. [PMID: 27385416 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence links alterations in α5-containing nicotinic receptors (α5*-nAChRs) to nicotine addiction. Notably, the rs16969968 polymorphism in the α5 gene (α5SNP) increases the risk for heavy smoking and impairs nicotine-rewarding properties in mice. Additional work is needed to understand how native and polymorphic α5*-nAChRs contribute to processes associated with the risk for nicotine addiction. OBJECTIVES We aimed at understanding the contribution of α5*-nAChRs to endophenotypes like increased responses to novelty and anxiety, known to promote vulnerability to addiction, and to the response of the dopamine and serotonin systems to nicotine. METHODS Behavioural phenotypes were investigated in mice lacking the α5 gene (α5(-/-)). Nicotine injections were performed to test the consequences of nicotine exposure on the phenotypes identified. Dopamine and serotonin signalling were assessed using in vivo microdialysis and electrophysiology. We used lentiviral vectors to compare the consequences of re-expressing either the α5 wild-type allele or the α5SNP in specific brain areas of α5(-/-) mice. RESULTS α5(-/-) mice did not exhibit high responses to novelty but showed decreased novelty-induced rearing behaviour together with high anxiety. Exposure to high doses of nicotine rescued these phenotypes. We identified altered spontaneous and nicotine-elicited serotonin and dopamine activity in α5(-/-) mice. Re-expression of α5 in the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus rescued rearing and anxiety levels in α5(-/-) mice, respectively. When expressing the α5SNP instead, this resulted in a knockout-like phenotype for both behaviours. CONCLUSIONS We propose that altered α5*-nAChR cholinergic signalling contributes to emotional/behavioural impairments that may be alleviated by nicotine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France.
| | - Stefania Guiducci
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Physiology and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Neurobiologie de la Prise de Décision, Neuro-PSI, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Bruno Guiard
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Christelle Repérant
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs, Neurophysiologie et Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Physiology and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France
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21
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Konsolaki E, Tsakanikas P, Polissidis AV, Stamatakis A, Skaliora I. Early Signs of Pathological Cognitive Aging in Mice Lacking High-Affinity Nicotinic Receptors. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:91. [PMID: 27199738 PMCID: PMC4846665 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to address pathological cognitive decline effectively, it is critical to adopt early preventive measures in individuals considered at risk. It is therefore essential to develop approaches that identify such individuals before the onset of irreversible dementia. A deficient cholinergic system has been consistently implicated as one of the main factors associated with a heightened vulnerability to the aging process. In the present study we used mice lacking high affinity nicotinic receptors (β2-/-), which have been proposed as an animal model of accelerated/premature cognitive aging. Our aim was to identify behavioral signs that could serve as indicators or predictors of impending cognitive decline. We used test batteries in order to assess cognitive functions and additional tasks to investigate spontaneous behaviors, such as species-specific activities and exploration/locomotion in a novel environment. Our data confirm the hypothesis that β2-/- animals exhibit age-related cognitive impairments in spatial learning. In addition, they document age-related deficits in other areas, such as recognition memory, burrowing and nesting building, thereby extending the validity of this animal model for the study of pathological aging. Finally, our data reveal deficits in spontaneous behavior and habituation processes that precede the onset of cognitive decline and could therefore be useful as a non-invasive behavioral screen for identifying animals at risk. To our knowledge, this is the first study to perform an extensive behavioral assessment of an animal model of premature cognitive aging, and our results suggest that β2-nAChR dependent cognitive deterioration progressively evolves from initial subtle behavioral changes to global dementia due to the combined effect of the neuropathology and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Konsolaki
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthens, Greece; Psychology Department, DEREE-The American College of GreeceAthens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsakanikas
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia V Polissidis
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Skaliora
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
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22
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Finkelstein DI, Hare DJ, Billings JL, Sedjahtera A, Nurjono M, Arthofer E, George S, Culvenor JG, Bush AI, Adlard PA. Clioquinol Improves Cognitive, Motor Function, and Microanatomy of the Alpha-Synuclein hA53T Transgenic Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:119-29. [PMID: 26481462 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has been linked to a number of neurodegenerative disorders, the most noteworthy of which is Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein itself is not toxic and fulfills various physiological roles in the central nervous system. However, specific types of aggregates have been shown to be toxic, and metals have been linked to the assembly of these toxic aggregates. In this paper, we have characterized a transgenic mouse that overexpresses the A53T mutation of human α-syn, specifically assessing cognition, motor performance, and subtle anatomical markers that have all been observed in synucleinopathies in humans. We hypothesized that treatment with the moderate-affinity metal chelator, clioquinol (CQ), would reduce the interaction between metals and α-syn to subsequently improve the phenotype of the A53T animal model. We showed that CQ prevents an iron-synuclein interaction, the formation of urea-soluble α-syn aggregates, α-syn-related substantia nigra pars compacta cell loss, reduction in dendritic spine density of hippocampal and caudate putamen medium spiny neurons, and the decline in motor and cognitive function. In conclusion, our data suggests that CQ is capable of mitigating the pathological metal/α-syn interactions, suggesting that the modulation of metal ions warrants further study as a therapeutic approach for the synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Finkelstein
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Elemental
Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Senator
Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Science Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jessica L. Billings
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Amelia Sedjahtera
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Milawaty Nurjono
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elisa Arthofer
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Sonia George
- School
of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Janetta G. Culvenor
- School
of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A. Adlard
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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23
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Pittaras EC, Faure A, Leray X, Moraitopoulou E, Cressant A, Rabat AA, Meunier C, Fossier P, Granon S. Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Are Crucial for Tuning of E/I Balance in Prelimbic Cortex and for Decision-Making Processes. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:171. [PMID: 27790159 PMCID: PMC5064178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Decision-making is an essential component of our everyday life commonly disabled in a myriad of psychiatric conditions, such as bipolar and impulsive control disorders, addiction and pathological gambling, or schizophrenia. A large cerebral network encompassing the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens is activated for efficient decision-making. METHODS We developed a mouse gambling task well suited to investigate the influence of uncertainty and risk in decision-making and the role of neurobiological circuits and their monoaminergic inputs. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the PFC are important for decision-making processes but their presumed roles in risk-taking and uncertainty management, as well as in cellular balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) need to be investigated. RESULTS Using mice lacking nAChRs - β2-/- mice, we evidence for the first time the crucial role of nAChRs in the fine tuning of prefrontal E/I balance together with the PFC, insular, and hippocampal alterations in gambling behavior likely due to sensitivity to penalties and flexibility alterations. Risky behaviors and perseveration in extinction task were largely increased in β2-/- mice as compared to control mice, suggesting the important role of nAChRs in the ability to make appropriate choices adapted to the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cécile Pittaras
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay, Orsay, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées et Unité Fatigue & Vigilance, Brétigny-sur-orge, France
| | - Alexis Faure
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Xavier Leray
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay , Orsay , France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Alexandre Rabat
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées et Unité Fatigue & Vigilance , Brétigny-sur-orge , France
| | - Claire Meunier
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Philippe Fossier
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- CNRS 9197, Institut de Neuroscience Paris Saclay , Orsay , France
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24
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Gouder L, Tinevez JY, Goubran-Botros H, Benchoua A, Bourgeron T, Cloëz-Tayarani I. Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26484791 DOI: 10.3791/53197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusions that correspond to the post-synaptic compartments of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. They are distributed along the dendrites. Their morphology is largely dependent on neuronal activity, and they are dynamic. Dendritic spines express glutamatergic receptors (AMPA and NMDA receptors) on their surface and at the levels of postsynaptic densities. Each spine allows the neuron to control its state and local activity independently. Spine morphologies have been extensively studied in glutamatergic pyramidal cells of the brain cortex, using both in vivo approaches and neuronal cultures obtained from rodent tissues. Neuropathological conditions can be associated to altered spine induction and maturation, as shown in rodent cultured neurons and one-dimensional quantitative analysis (1). The present study describes a protocol for the 3D quantitative analysis of spine morphologies using human cortical neurons derived from neural stem cells (late cortical progenitors). These cells were initially obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells. This protocol allows the analysis of spine morphologies at different culture periods, and with possible comparison between induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from control individuals with those obtained from patients with psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gouder
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur; CNRS URA 2182 'Genes, synapses and cognition', Institut Pasteur; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Plateforme d' Imagerie Dynamique, Imagopole, CiTech, Institut Pasteur
| | - Hany Goubran-Botros
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur; CNRS URA 2182 'Genes, synapses and cognition', Institut Pasteur; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur; CNRS URA 2182 'Genes, synapses and cognition', Institut Pasteur; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Isabelle Cloëz-Tayarani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur; CNRS URA 2182 'Genes, synapses and cognition', Institut Pasteur; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité;
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25
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Lewis AS, Mineur YS, Smith PH, Cahuzac ELM, Picciotto MR. Modulation of aggressive behavior in mice by nicotinic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is frequently comorbid with neuropsychiatric conditions and is a predictor of worse outcomes, yet current pharmacotherapies are insufficient and have debilitating side effects, precluding broad use. Multiple models of aggression across species suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has anti-aggressive (serenic) properties. Here we demonstrate dose-dependent serenic effects of acute nicotine administration in three distinct mouse strains: C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CD1. While acute nicotine administration (0.25mg/kg) modestly reduced solitary homecage locomotion, this could not account for nicotine's serenic effects since social encounters eliminated the hypolocomotor effect, and nicotine did not alter social interaction times. Pretreatment with the homomeric (α7 subunit) nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (5mg/kg), but not the heteromeric (β2 or β4 subunit-containing) nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE, 3mg/kg), blocked the serenic effects of nicotine. By contrast, pretreatment with DHβE blocked the effect of acute nicotine administration on locomotion, uncoupling nicotine's serenic and hypolocomotor effects. Finally, the α7 nAChR partial agonist GTS-21 reduced aggression in C57BL/6 mice. These results support the idea that acute nicotine administration has serenic effects and provide evidence for specificity of this effect distinct from effects on locomotion. Furthermore, pharmacological studies suggest that activation of α7 nAChRs underlies the serenic effects of nicotine. Further studies of nAChRs could enhance understanding of the neurobiology of aggression and may lead to the development of novel, more specific treatments for pathological aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Emma L M Cahuzac
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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26
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High locomotor reactivity to novelty is associated with an increased propensity to choose saccharin over cocaine: new insights into the vulnerability to addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:577-89. [PMID: 25120076 PMCID: PMC4289945 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is associated with a relative devaluation of natural or socially-valued reinforcers that are unable to divert addicts from seeking and consuming the drug. Before protracted drug exposure, most rats prefer natural rewards, such as saccharin, over cocaine. However, a subpopulation of animals prefer cocaine over natural rewards and are thought to be vulnerable to addiction. Specific behavioral traits have been associated with different dimensions of drug addiction. For example, anxiety predicts loss of control over drug intake whereas sensation seeking and sign-tracking are markers of a greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of the drug. However, how these behavioral traits predict the disinterest for natural reinforcers remains unknown. In a population of rats, we identified sensation seekers (HR) on the basis of elevated novelty-induced locomotor reactivity, high anxious rats (HA) based on the propensity to avoid open arms in an elevated-plus maze and sign-trackers (ST) that are prone to approach, and interaction with, reward-associated stimuli. Rats were then tested on their preference for saccharin over cocaine in a discrete-trial choice procedure. We show that HR rats display a greater preference for saccharin over cocaine compared with ST and HA whereas the motivation for the drug was comparable between the three groups. The present data suggest that high locomotor reactivity to novelty, or sensation seeking, by predisposing to an increased choice toward non-drug rewards at early stages of drug use history, may prevent the establishment of chronic cocaine use.
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27
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Lips KS, Yanko Ö, Kneffel M, Panzer I, Kauschke V, Madzharova M, Henss A, Schmitz P, Rohnke M, Bäuerle T, Liu Y, Kampschulte M, Langheinrich AC, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Heiss C, Schnettler R, Kilian O. Small changes in bone structure of female α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25636336 PMCID: PMC4328057 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, analysis of bone from knockout mice identified muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3 (mAChR M3) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit α2 as positive regulator of bone mass accrual whereas of male mice deficient for α7-nAChR (α7KO) did not reveal impact in regulation of bone remodeling. Since female sex hormones are involved in fair coordination of osteoblast bone formation and osteoclast bone degradation we assigned the current study to analyze bone strength, composition and microarchitecture of female α7KO compared to their corresponding wild-type mice (α7WT). Methods Vertebrae and long bones of female 16-week-old α7KO (n = 10) and α7WT (n = 8) were extracted and analyzed by means of histological, radiological, biomechanical, cell- and molecular methods as well as time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Bone of female α7KO revealed a significant increase in bending stiffness (p < 0.05) and cortical thickness (p < 0.05) compared to α7WT, whereas gene expression of osteoclast marker cathepsin K was declined. ToF-SIMS analysis detected a decrease in trabecular calcium content and an increase in C4H6N+ (p < 0.05) and C4H8N+ (p < 0.001) collagen fragments whereas a loss of osteoid was found by means of TEM. Conclusions Our results on female α7KO bone identified differences in bone strength and composition. In addition, we could demonstrate that α7-nAChRs are involved in regulation of bone remodelling. In contrast to mAChR M3 and nAChR subunit α2 the α7-nAChR favours reduction of bone strength thereby showing similar effects as α7β2-nAChR in male mice. nAChR are able to form heteropentameric receptors containing α- and β-subunits as well as the subunits α7 can be arranged as homopentameric cation channel. The different effects of homopentameric and heteropentameric α7-nAChR on bone need to be analysed in future studies as well as gender effects of cholinergic receptors on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Özcan Yanko
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Kneffel
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Imke Panzer
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Maria Madzharova
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmitz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Palmsanlage 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexander C Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Kilian
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany.
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28
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Nosjean A, Cressant A, de Chaumont F, Olivo-Marin JC, Chauveau F, Granon S. Acute stress in adulthood impoverishes social choices and triggers aggressiveness in preclinical models. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 8:447. [PMID: 25610381 PMCID: PMC4285129 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult C57BL/6J mice are known to exhibit high level of social flexibility while mice lacking the β2 subunit of nicotinic receptors (β2(-/-) mice) present social rigidity. We asked ourselves what would be the consequences of a restraint acute stress (45 min) on social interactions in adult mice of both genotypes, hence the contribution of neuronal nicotinic receptors in this process. We therefore dissected social interaction complexity of stressed and not stressed dyads of mice in a social interaction task. We also measured plasma corticosterone levels in our experimental conditions. We showed that a single stress exposure occurring in adulthood reduced and disorganized social interaction complexity in both C57BL/6J and β2(-/-) mice. These stress-induced maladaptive social interactions involved alteration of distinct social categories and strategies in both genotypes, suggesting a dissociable impact of stress depending on the functioning of the cholinergic nicotinic system. In both genotypes, social behaviors under stress were coupled to aggressive reactions with no plasma corticosterone changes. Thus, aggressiveness appeared a general response independent of nicotinic function. We demonstrate here that a single stress exposure occurring in adulthood is sufficient to impoverish social interactions: stress impaired social flexibility in C57BL/6J mice whereas it reinforced β2(-/-) mice behavioral rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nosjean
- Centre de Neuroscience Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud 11 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8195 Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Cressant
- Centre de Neuroscience Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud 11 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8195 Orsay, France
| | - Fabrice de Chaumont
- Unité d'Analyse d'Images Quantitative, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2582 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Unité d'Analyse d'Images Quantitative, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2582 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Chauveau
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, NCO, Unité NPS Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Centre de Neuroscience Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud 11 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8195 Orsay, France
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29
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Naudé J, Dongelmans M, Faure P. Nicotinic alteration of decision-making. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:244-54. [PMID: 25498234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to nicotine is characterized by impulses, urges and lack of self-control towards cigarettes. A key element in the process of addiction is the development of habits oriented towards nicotine consumption that surpass flexible systems as a consequence of a gradual adaptation to chronic drug exposure. However, the long-term effects of nicotine on brain circuits also induce wide changes in decision-making processes, affecting behaviors unrelated to cigarettes. This review aims at providing an update on the implications of nicotine on general decision-making processes, with an emphasis on impulsivity and risk-taking. As impulsivity is a rather ambiguous behavioral trait, we build on economic and normative theories to better characterize these nicotine-induced alterations in decision-making. Nonetheless, experimental data are sparse and often contradictory. We will discuss how the latest findings on the neurobiological basis of choice behavior may help disentangling these issues. We focus on the role of nicotine acetylcholine receptors and their different subunits, and on the spatio-temporal dynamics (i.e. diversity of the neural circuits, short- and long-term effects) of both endogenous acetylcholine and nicotine action. Finally, we try to link these neurobiological results with neuro-computational models of attention, valuation and action, and of the role of acetylcholine in these decision processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Naudé
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U 1130, UPMC UM CR18, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Malou Dongelmans
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U 1130, UPMC UM CR18, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U 1130, UPMC UM CR18, 75005 Paris, France.
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30
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Role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in regulating dopamine neuron activity. Neuroscience 2014; 282:86-100. [PMID: 24881574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in a wide range of behaviors, from attention and motivation to motor control and reinforcement. The release of DA is modulated by a number of factors, and its deregulation has been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, such as addiction. In particular, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are key modulators of DA cells. Nicotine, the main addictive component in tobacco, strongly interacts with these receptors in the midbrain DA systems, resulting in reinforcing effects that are at the core of tobacco addiction. nAChRs are virtually expressed on every cell of the DA system, both at pre-, post- and extra-synaptic locations. The complex issue of interpreting the role of the large portfolio of different nAChR subtypes expressed on ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neurons, and especially their role in defining functional DAergic subpopulations, is far from being solved. In this review we will try to provide the reader with an integrative view of the nicotinic modulation of DA neurons and its influence at the cellular, systemic and behavioral levels (exploratory behavior), as well as its implication in the reinforcing effects of nicotine.
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Somm E, Guérardel A, Maouche K, Toulotte A, Veyrat-Durebex C, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Maskos U, Hüppi PS, Schwitzgebel VM. Concomitant alpha7 and beta2 nicotinic AChR subunit deficiency leads to impaired energy homeostasis and increased physical activity in mice. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:64-72. [PMID: 24685552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated cation channels well characterized in neuronal signal transmission. Moreover, recent studies have revealed nAChR expression in nonneuronal cell types throughout the body, including tissues involved in metabolism. In the present study, we screen gene expression of nAChR subunits in pancreatic islets and adipose tissues. Mice pancreatic islets present predominant expression of α7 and β2 nAChR subunits but at a lower level than in central structures. Characterization of glucose and energy homeostasis in α7β2nAChR(-/-) mice revealed no major defect in insulin secretion and sensitivity but decreased glycemia apparently unrelated to gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis. α7β2nAChR(-/-) mice presented an increase in lean and bone body mass and a decrease in fat storage with normal body weight. These observations were associated with elevated spontaneous physical activity in α7β2nAChR(-/-) mice, mainly due to elevation in fine vertical (rearing) activity while their horizontal (ambulatory) activity remained unchanged. In contrast to α7nAChR(-/-) mice presenting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance associated to excessive inflammation of adipose tissue, the present metabolic phenotyping of α7β2nAChR(-/-) mice revealed a metabolic improvement possibly linked to the increase in spontaneous physical activity related to central β2nAChR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Audrey Guérardel
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Maouche
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative), CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, Paris, France
| | - Petra S Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie M Schwitzgebel
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Coura RS, Cressant A, Xia J, de Chaumont F, Olivo-Marin JC, Pelloux Y, Dalley JW, Granon S. Nonaggressive and adapted social cognition is controlled by the interplay between noradrenergic and nicotinic receptor mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex. FASEB J 2013; 27:4343-54. [PMID: 23882123 PMCID: PMC3977319 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-231084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Social animals establish flexible behaviors and integrated decision-making processes to adapt to social environments. Such behaviors are impaired in all major neuropsychiatric disorders and depend on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We previously showed that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and norepinephrine (NE) in the PFC are necessary for mice to show adapted social cognition. Here, we investigated how the cholinergic and NE systems converge within the PFC to modulate social behavior. We used a social interaction task (SIT) in C57BL/6 mice and mice lacking β2*nAChRs (β2(-/-) mice), making use of dedicated software to analyze >20 social sequences and pinpoint social decisions. We performed specific PFC NE depletions before SIT and measured monoamines and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in limbic corticostriatal circuitry. After PFC-NE depletion, C57BL/6 mice exhibited impoverished and more rigid social behavior and were 6-fold more aggressive than sham-lesioned animals, whereas β2(-/-) mice showed unimpaired social behavior. Our biochemical measures suggest a critical involvement of DA in SIT. In addition, we show that the balance between basal levels of monoamines and of ACh modulates aggressiveness and this modulation requires functional β2*nAChRs. These findings demonstrate the critical interplay between prefrontal NE and nAChRs for the development of adapted and nonaggressive social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Coura
- 3Centre de Neuroscience Paris Sud, UMR 8195, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, 91405.
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Wu J, Gao M, Shen JX, Shi WX, Oster AM, Gutkin BS. Cortical control of VTA function and influence on nicotine reward. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1173-80. [PMID: 23933294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major public health problem. Nicotine acts on widely distributed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain and excites dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The elicited increase of DA neuronal activity is thought to be an important mechanism for nicotine reward and subsequently the transition to addiction. However, the current understanding of nicotine reward is based predominantly on the data accumulated from in vitro studies, often from VTA slices. Isolated VTA slices artificially terminate communications between neurons in the VTA and other brain regions that may significantly alter nicotinic effects. Consequently, the mechanisms of nicotinic excitation of VTA DA neurons under in vivo conditions have received only limited attention. Building upon the existing knowledge acquired in vitro, it is now time to elucidate the integrated mechanisms of nicotinic reward on intact systems that are more relevant to understanding the action of nicotine or other addictive drugs. In this review, we summarize recent studies that demonstrate the impact of prefrontal cortex (PFC) on the modulation of VTA DA neuronal function and nicotine reward. Based on existing evidence, we propose a new hypothesis that PFC-VTA functional coupling serves as an integration mechanism for nicotine reward. Moreover, addiction may develop due to nicotine perturbing the PFC-VTA coupling and thereby eliminating the PFC-dependent cognitive control over behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Divisions of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013-4496, USA; Departments of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Basic and modern concepts on cholinergic receptor: A review. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chabout J, Cressant A, Hu X, Edeline JM, Granon S. Making choice between competing rewards in uncertain vs. safe social environment: role of neuronal nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:468. [PMID: 23986674 PMCID: PMC3753430 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In social environments, choosing between multiple rewards is modulated by the uncertainty of the situation. Here, we compared how mice interact with a conspecific and how they use acoustic communication during this interaction in a three chambers task (no social threat was possible) and a Social Interaction Task, SIT (uncertain situation as two mice interact freely). We further manipulated the motivational state of the mice to see how they rank natural rewards such as social contact, food, and novelty seeking. We previously showed that beta2-subunit containing nicotinic receptors-β2(*)nAChRs- are required for establishing reward ranking between social interaction, novelty exploration, and food consumption in social situations with high uncertainty. Knockout mice for β2(*)nAChRs-β2(-/-)mice- exhibit profound impairment in making social flexible choices, as compared to control -WT- mice. Our current data shows that being confronted with a conspecific in a socially safe environment as compared to a more uncertain environment, drastically reduced communication between the two mice, and changed their way to deal with a social conspecific. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time, that β2(-/-) mice had the same motivational ranking than WT mice when placed in a socially safe environment. Therefore, β2(*)nAChRs are not necessary for integrating social information or social rewards per se, but are important for making choices, only in a socially uncertain environment. This seems particularly important in the context of Social Neuroscience, as numerous animal models are used to provide novel insights and to test promising novel treatments of human pathologies affecting social and communication processes, among which Autistic spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chabout
- Centre de Neuroscience Paris Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8195, Université Paris Sud 11 Orsay, France
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Changeux JP. The concept of allosteric interaction and its consequences for the chemistry of the brain. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26969-26986. [PMID: 23878193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.x113.503375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout this Reflections article, I have tried to follow up on the genesis in the 1960s and subsequent evolution of the concept of allosteric interaction and to examine its consequences within the past decades, essentially in the field of the neuroscience. The main conclusion is that allosteric mechanisms built on similar structural principles operate in bacterial regulatory enzymes, gene repressors (and the related nuclear receptors), rhodopsin, G-protein-coupled receptors, neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and so on from prokaryotes up to the human brain yet with important features of their own. Thus, future research on these basic cybernetic sensors is expected to develop in two major directions: at the elementary level, toward the atomic structure and molecular dynamics of the conformational changes involved in signal recognition and transduction, but also at a higher level of organization, the contribution of allosteric mechanisms to the modulation of brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Changeux
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris and the Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Ciudad-Roberts A, Camarasa J, Pubill D, Escubedo E. Heteromeric nicotinic receptors are involved in the sensitization and addictive properties of MDMA in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 44:201-9. [PMID: 23466442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of nicotinic receptor ligands in the behavioral sensitization (hyperlocomotion) and rewarding properties (conditioned place preference paradigm, CPP) of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) in mice. Each animal received intraperitoneal pretreatment with either saline, dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE, 1 mg/kg) or varenicline (VAR, 0.3 mg/kg), 15 min prior to subcutaneous saline or MDMA (5 mg/kg), for 10 consecutive days. On day 1, both DHβE and VAR inhibited the MDMA-induced hyperlocomotion. After 10 days of treatment, MDMA induced a hyperlocomotion that was not reduced (rather enhanced) in antagonist-pretreated animals. This early hyperlocomotion was accompanied by a significant increase in heteromeric nicotinic receptors in cortex that was not blocked by DHβE or VAR. Behavioral sensitization to MDMA was highest 2 weeks after the discontinuation of MDMA treatment. This additional increase in sensitivity was prevented in animals pretreated with DHβE or VAR. At this time, MDMA-treated mice showed a significant increase in heteromeric receptors in cortex that was prevented by DHβE and VAR. An involvement of α7 nicotinic receptors in this effect is ruled out. MDMA (10 mg/kg) induced positive CPP that was abolished by DHβE (2 mg/kg) and VAR (2 mg/kg). Moreover, chronic nicotine pretreatment (2 mg/kg, ip, b.i.d., for 14 days) caused MDMA, administered at a low dose (3 mg/kg), to induce CPP, which would otherwise not occur. Finally, present results point out that heteromeric nicotinic receptors are involved in locomotor sensitization and addictive potential induced by MDMA. Thus, varenicline might be a useful drug to treat both tobacco and MDMA abuse at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ciudad-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Avale ME, Rodríguez-Martín T, Gallo JM. Trans-splicing correction of tau isoform imbalance in a mouse model of tau mis-splicing. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2603-11. [PMID: 23459933 PMCID: PMC3674800 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of the tau protein is central to the pathogenesis of a number of dementias, including Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant alternative splicing of exon 10 in the tau pre-mRNA resulting in an imbalance of tau isoforms is one of the molecular causes of the inherited tauopathy, FTDP-17. We showed previously in heterologous systems that exon 10 inclusion in tau mRNA could be modulated by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing (SMaRT). Here, we evaluated the potential of trans-splicing RNA reprogramming to correct tau mis-splicing in differentiated neurons in a mouse model of tau mis-splicing, the htau transgenic mouse line, expressing the human MAPT gene in a null mouse Mapt background. Trans-splicing molecules designed to increase exon 10 inclusion were delivered to neurons using lentiviral vectors. We demonstrate reprogramming of tau transcripts at the RNA level after transduction of cultured neurons or after direct delivery and long-term expression of viral vectors into the brain of htau mice in vivo. Tau RNA trans-splicing resulted in an increase in exon 10 inclusion in the mature tau mRNA. Importantly, we also show that the trans-spliced product is translated into a full-length chimeric tau protein. These results validate the potential of SMaRT to correct tau mis-splicing and provide a framework for its therapeutic application to neurodegenerative conditions linked to aberrant RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Avale
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, Institute ofPsychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine-induced excitation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in anesthetized rats. J Neurosci 2012; 32:12366-75. [PMID: 22956827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5411-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of nicotine increases dopaminergic (DA) neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is thought to underlie nicotine reward. Here, we report that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a critical role in nicotine-induced excitation of VTA DA neurons. In chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, extracellular single-unit recordings showed that VTA DA neurons exhibited two types of firing responses to systemic nicotine. After nicotine injection, the neurons with type-I response showed a biphasic early inhibition and later excitation, whereas the neurons with type-II response showed a monophasic excitation. The neurons with type-I, but not type-II, response exhibited pronounced slow oscillations (SOs) in firing. Pharmacological or structural mPFC inactivation abolished SOs and prevented systemic nicotine-induced excitation in the neurons with type-I, but not type-II, response, suggesting that these VTA DA neurons are functionally coupled to the mPFC and nicotine increases firing rate in these neurons in part through the mPFC. Systemic nicotine also increased the firing rate and SOs in mPFC pyramidal neurons. mPFC infusion of a non-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the excitatory effect of systemic nicotine on the VTA DA neurons with type-I response, but mPFC infusion of nicotine failed to excite these neurons. These results suggest that nAChR activation in the mPFC is necessary, but not sufficient, for systemic nicotine-induced excitation of VTA neurons. Finally, systemic injection of bicuculline prevented nicotine-induced firing alterations in the neurons with type-I response. We propose that the mPFC plays a critical role in systemic nicotine-induced excitation of VTA DA neurons.
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Abstract
Glutamatergic synapses are located mostly on dendritic spines in the adult nervous system. The spines serve as postsynaptic compartments, containing components that mediate and control the synaptic signal. Early in development, when glutamatergic synapses are initially forming, waves of excitatory activity pass through many parts of the nervous system and are driven in part by a class of heteropentameric β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (β2*-nAChRs). These β2*-nAChRs are widely distributed and, when activated, can depolarize the membrane and elevate intracellular calcium levels in neurons. We show here that β2*-nAChRs are essential for acquisition of normal numbers of dendritic spines during development. Mice constitutively lacking the β2-nAChR gene have fewer dendritic spines than do age-matched wild-type mice at all times examined. Activation of β2*-nAChRs by nicotine either in vivo or in organotypic slice culture quickly elevates the number of spines. RNA interference studies both in vivo and in organotypic culture demonstrate that the β2*-nAChRs act in a cell-autonomous manner to increase the number of spines. The increase depends on intracellular calcium and activation of calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Absence of β2*-nAChRs in vivo causes a disproportionate number of glutamatergic synapses to be localized on dendritic shafts, rather than on spines as occurs in wild type. This shift in synapse location is found both in the hippocampus and cortex, indicating the breadth of the effect. Because spine synapses differ from shaft synapses in their signaling capabilities, the shift observed is likely to have significant consequences for network function.
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Glutamatergic synapse formation is promoted by α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurosci 2012; 32:7651-61. [PMID: 22649244 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6246-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory transmitter in adult brain, acting through synapses on dendritic spines and shafts. Early in development, however, when glutamatergic synapses are only beginning to form, nicotinic cholinergic excitation is already widespread; it is mediated by acetylcholine activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that generate waves of activity across brain regions. A major class of nAChRs contributing at this time is a species containing α7 subunits (α7-nAChRs). These receptors are highly permeable to calcium, influence a variety of calcium-dependent events, and are diversely distributed throughout the developing CNS. Here we show that α7-nAChRs unexpectedly promote formation of glutamatergic synapses during development. The dependence on α7-nAChRs becomes clear when comparing wild-type (WT) mice with mice constitutively lacking the α7-nAChR gene. Ultrastructural analysis, immunostaining, and patch-clamp recording all reveal synaptic deficits when α7-nAChR input is absent. Similarly, nicotinic activation of α7-nAChRs in WT organotypic culture, as well as cell culture, increases the number of glutamatergic synapses. RNA interference demonstrates that the α7-nAChRs must be expressed in the neuron being innervated for normal innervation to occur. Moreover, the deficits persist throughout the developmental period of major de novo synapse formation and are still fully apparent in the adult. GABAergic synapses, in contrast, are undiminished in number under such conditions. As a result, mice lacking α7-nAChRs have an altered balance in the excitatory/inhibitory input they receive. This ratio represents a fundamental feature of neural networks and shows for the first time that endogenous nicotinic cholinergic signaling plays a key role in network construction.
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dos Santos Coura R, Granon S. Prefrontal neuromodulation by nicotinic receptors for cognitive processes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:1-18. [PMID: 22249358 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates executive functions, a set of control processes that optimize performance on cognitive tasks. It enables appropriate decision-making and mediates adapted behaviors, all processes impaired in psychiatric or degenerative disorders. Key players of normal functioning of the PFC are neurotransmitter (NT) systems arising from subcortical nuclei and targeting PFC subareas and, also, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These ion channels, located on multiple cell compartments in all brain areas, mediate direct cholinergic transmission and modulate the release of NTs that cross onto PFC neurons or interneurons. OBJECTIVE We compiled current knowledge concerning the role of nAChRs in NT release, focusing on the PFC. We point out plausible mechanisms of interaction among PFC circuits implicated in executive functions and emphasized the role of β2-containing nAChRs, the high-affinity receptors for acetylcholine (ACh). These receptors are more directly implicated in behavioral flexibility either when located on PFC neurons or in the monoaminergic or cholinergic systems targeting the PFC. RESULTS We shed light on potentially crucial roles played by nAChRs in complex interactions between local and afferent NTs. We show how they could act on cognition via PFC networks. CONCLUSIONS nAChRs are crucial for decision-making, during integration of emotional and motivational features, both mediated by different NT pathways in the PFC. We review the knowledge recently gained on cognitive functions in mice and our current understanding of PFC NT modulation. The combination of these data is expected to provide new hypotheses concerning the role of AChRs in cognitive processes.
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Abstract
Tobacco use is a major health problem, and nicotine is the main addictive component. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to produce its initial effects. The nAChRs subtypes are composed of five subunits that can form in numerous combinations with varied functional and pharmacological characteristics. Diverse psychopharmacological effects contribute to the overall process of nicotine addiction, but two general neural systems are emerging as critical for the initiation and maintenance of tobacco use. Mesocorticolimbic circuitry that includes the dopaminergic pathway originating in the ventral tegmental area and projecting to the nucleus accumbens is recognized as vital for reinforcing behaviors during the initiation of nicotine addiction. In this neural system β2, α4, and α6 are the most important nAChR subunits underlying the rewarding aspects of nicotine and nicotine self-administration. On the other hand, the epithalamic habenular complex and the interpeduncular nucleus, which are connected via the fasciculus retroflexus, are critical contributors regulating nicotine dosing and withdrawal symptoms. In this case, the α5 and β4 nAChR subunits have critical roles in combination with other subunits. In both of these neural systems, particular nAChR subtypes have roles that contribute to the overall nicotine addiction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3498, USA
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Abstract
Nicotine is the principal addictive component that drives continued tobacco use despite users' knowledge of the harmful consequences. The initiation of addiction involves the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which contributes to the processing of rewarding sensory stimuli during the overall shaping of successful behaviors. Acting mainly through nicotinic receptors containing the α4 and β2 subunits, often in combination with the α6 subunit, nicotine increases the firing rate and the phasic bursts by midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuroadaptations arise during chronic exposure to nicotine, producing an altered brain condition that requires the continued presence of nicotine to be maintained. When nicotine is removed, a withdrawal syndrome develops. The expression of somatic withdrawal symptoms depends mainly on the α5, α2, and β4 (and likely α3) nicotinic subunits involving the epithalamic habenular complex and its targets. Thus, nicotine taps into diverse neural systems and an array of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes to influence reward, addiction, and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Xu J, Cohen BN, Zhu Y, Dziewczapolski G, Panda S, Lester HA, Heinemann SF, Contractor A. Altered activity-rest patterns in mice with a human autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy mutation in the β2 nicotinic receptor. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:1048-61. [PMID: 20603624 PMCID: PMC2970689 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-affinity nicotinic receptors containing β2 subunits (β2*) are widely expressed in the brain, modulating many neuronal processes and contributing to neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. Mutations in both the α4 and β2 subunits are associated with a rare partial epilepsy, autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). In this study, we introduced one such human missense mutation into the mouse genome to generate a knock-in strain carrying a valine-to-leucine mutation β2V287L. β2(V287L) mice were viable and born at an expected Mendelian ratio. Surprisingly, mice did not show an overt seizure phenotype; however, homozygous mice did show significant alterations in their activity-rest patterns. This was manifest as an increase in activity during the light cycle suggestive of disturbances in the normal sleep patterns of mice; a parallel phenotype to that found in human ADNFLE patients. Consistent with the role of nicotinic receptors in reward pathways, we found that β2(V287L) mice did not develop a normal proclivity to voluntary wheel running, a model for natural reward. Anxiety-related behaviors were also affected by the V287L mutation. Mutant mice spent more time in the open arms on the elevated plus maze suggesting that they had reduced levels of anxiety. Together, these findings emphasize several important roles of β2* nicotinic receptors in complex biological processes including the activity-rest cycle, natural reward and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Lab, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Bruce N. Cohen
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena CA 92215
| | - Yongling Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Lab, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Gustavo Dziewczapolski
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Lab, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Lab, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Henry A. Lester
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena CA 92215
| | - Stephen F. Heinemann
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Lab, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Bourgeois JP, Meas-Yeadid V, Lesourd AM, Faure P, Pons S, Maskos U, Changeux JP, Olivo-Marin JC, Granon S. Modulation of the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex Activation by Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors during Novelty Exploration but not by Exploration of a Familiar Environment. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:1007-15. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Serreau P, Chabout J, Suarez SV, Naudé J, Granon S. Beta2-containing neuronal nicotinic receptors as major actors in the flexible choice between conflicting motivations. Behav Brain Res 2011; 225:151-9. [PMID: 21784105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Beside a critical role in nicotine addiction, the role of nicotinic receptors in cognitive or emotional processes remains difficult to elucidate, mostly because of a lack of specificity of compounds and because they up or down regulate easily. Using knockout mice may be one key to elucidate the role of nicotinic receptors stimulated by their endogenous ligand acetylcholine. We and others have previously explored the behaviour of mice knockout for the beta2-subunit containing nicotinic receptor - β2*nAChRs - β2(-/-) mice. These mice exhibit a particular kind of hyperactive locomotion, with profound deficits in cognitive and social interaction tasks, only when they have to show flexible choices. We wonder here whether the latter is due to a lack of motor control - i.e. motor impulsivity, a lack of estimation of reward value - i.e. cognitive impulsivity, and/or a lack of appropriate ranking or choice between different motivations. We designed behavioural tasks allowing the study of these distinct processes in mice. Our current results highlight the important role of β2*nAChRs in flexible behaviours in conflicting situations, such as social contact, spatial exploration and food consumption. They also show that the cognitive deficits exhibited by β2(-/-) mice cannot be explained by impaired inhibitory behaviours. Although social cognition is considerably enriched in humans as compared to rodents, we provide here novel data for the neurobiology of flexible social behaviours that could ultimately be useful for humans. Indeed, the ability to show flexible behaviours and to display adapted social interactions is profoundly impaired in a myriad of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Serreau
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département Neurosciences, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA 2182, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Dani JA, Balfour DJK. Historical and current perspective on tobacco use and nicotine addiction. Trends Neurosci 2011; 34:383-92. [PMID: 21696833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the addictive influence of tobacco was recognized very early, the modern concepts of nicotine addiction have relied on knowledge of cholinergic neurotransmission and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The discovery of the 'receptive substance' by Langley, that would turn out to be nAChRs, and 'Vagusstoff' (acetylcholine) by Loewi, coincided with an exciting time when the concept of chemical synaptic transmission was being formulated. More recently, the application of more powerful techniques and the study of animal models that replicate key features of nicotine dependence have led to important advancements in our understanding of molecular, cellular and systems mechanisms of nicotine addiction. In this review, we present a historical perspective and overview of the research that has led to our present understanding of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Dani
- Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Department of Neuroscience, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tammimäki A, Horton WJ, Stitzel JA. Recent advances in gene manipulation and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:808-19. [PMID: 21704022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and immunological methods have been valuable for both identifying some native nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that exist in vivo and determining the neurobiological and behavioral role of certain nAChR subtypes. However, these approaches suffer from shortage of subtype specific ligands and reliable immunological reagents. Consequently, genetic approaches have been developed to complement earlier approaches to identify native nAChR subtypes and to assess the contribution of nAChRs to brain function and behavior. In this review we describe how assembly partners, knock-in mice and targeted lentiviral re-expression of genes have been utilized to improve our understanding of nAChR neurobiology. In addition, we summarize emerging genetic tools in nAChR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tammimäki
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 447, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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Avale ME, Chabout J, Pons S, Serreau P, De Chaumont F, Olivo‐Marin J, Bourgeois J, Maskos U, Changeux J, Granon S. Prefrontal nicotinic receptors control novel social interaction between mice. FASEB J 2011; 25:2145-55. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-178558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Avale
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration ResearchKing's College London, Institute of PsychiatryLondonUK
| | - Jonathan Chabout
- Team Neurobiologie de la Prise de DécisionUniversité Paris Sud XI and CNRS UMR 8620, Centre de Neuroscience Paris SudOrsayFrance
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
| | - Pierre Serreau
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
- Team Neurobiologie de la Prise de DécisionUniversité Paris Sud XI and CNRS UMR 8620, Centre de Neuroscience Paris SudOrsayFrance
| | | | | | - Jean‐Pierre Bourgeois
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
- Unité de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions CognitivesURA CNRS 2182Département des Neuro‐sciencesInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Changeux
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes CholinergiquesCNRS URA 2182OrsayFrance
- Team Neurobiologie de la Prise de DécisionUniversité Paris Sud XI and CNRS UMR 8620, Centre de Neuroscience Paris SudOrsayFrance
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