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Ciccarone F, Ciriolo MR. Reprogrammed mitochondria: a central hub of cancer cell metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1305-1315. [PMID: 38716960 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the metabolic hub of normal cells and play this role also in cancer but with different functional purposes. While cells in differentiated tissues have the prerogative of maintaining basal metabolism and support the biosynthesis of specialized products, cancer cells have to rewire the metabolic constraints imposed by the differentiation process. They need to balance the bioenergetic supply with the anabolic requirements that entail the intense proliferation rate, including nucleotide and membrane lipid biosynthesis. For this aim, mitochondrial metabolism is reprogrammed following the activation of specific oncogenic pathways or due to specific mutations of mitochondrial proteins. The main process leading to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring is the alteration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle favoring the appropriate orchestration of anaplerotic and cataplerotic reactions. According to the tumor type or the microenvironmental conditions, mitochondria may decouple glucose catabolism from mitochondrial oxidation in favor of glutaminolysis or disable oxidative phosphorylation for avoiding harmful production of free radicals. These and other metabolic settings can be also determined by the neo-production of oncometabolites that are not specific for the tissue of origin or the accumulation of metabolic intermediates able to boost pro-proliferative metabolism also impacting epigenetic/transcriptional programs. The full characterization of tumor-specific mitochondrial signatures may provide the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities based on metabolic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
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2
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Wang ZH, Wang J, Liu F, Sun S, Zheng Q, Hu X, Yin Z, Xie C, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang S, Wang YP. THAP3 recruits SMYD3 to OXPHOS genes and epigenetically promotes mitochondrial respiration in hepatocellular carcinoma. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1513-1531. [PMID: 38664231 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria harbor the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system to sustain cellular respiration. However, the transcriptional regulation of OXPHOS remains largely unexplored. Through the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) transcriptome analysis, transcription factor THAP domain-containing 3 (THAP3) was found to be strongly associated with OXPHOS gene expression. Mechanistically, THAP3 recruited the histone methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) to upregulate H3K4me3 and promote OXPHOS gene expression. The levels of THAP3 and SMYD3 were altered by metabolic cues. They collaboratively supported liver cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. In clinical human liver cancer, both of them were overexpressed. THAP3 positively correlated with OXPHOS gene expression. Together, THAP3 cooperates with SMYD3 to epigenetically upregulate cellular respiration and liver cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijun Sun
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zihan Yin
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chengmei Xie
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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3
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Chu YD, Chen CW, Lai MW, Lim SN, Lin WR. Bioenergetic alteration in gastrointestinal cancers: The good, the bad and the ugly. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4499-4527. [PMID: 37621758 PMCID: PMC10445009 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i29.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming and bioenergetic alteration, utilizing glucose fermentation for energy production, known as the Warburg effect. However, there are a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the metabolic reprogramming, bioenergetic alteration, and their oncogenetic links in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Furthermore, the efficacy and treatment potential of emerging anticancer drugs targeting these alterations in GI cancers require further evaluation. This review highlights the interplay between aerobic glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cancer cells, as well as hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that trigger this alteration. The role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and the oncogenetic link between hypoxia-related enzymes, bioenergetic changes, and GI cancer are also discussed. This review emphasizes the potential of targeting bioenergetic regulators for anti-cancer therapy, particularly for GI cancers. Emphasizing the potential of targeting bioenergetic regulators for GI cancer therapy, the review categorizes these regulators into aerobic glycolysis/ lactate biosynthesis/transportation and TCA cycle/coupled OXPHOS. We also detail various anti-cancer drugs and strategies that have produced pre-clinical and/or clinical evidence in treating GI cancers, as well as the challenges posed by these drugs. Here we highlight that understanding dysregulated cancer cell bioenergetics is critical for effective treatments, although the diverse metabolic patterns present challenges for targeted therapies. Further research is needed to comprehend the specific mechanisms of inhibiting bioenergetic enzymes, address side effects, and leverage high-throughput multi-omics and spatial omics to gain insights into cancer cell heterogeneity for targeted bioenergetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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4
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de Oliveira RC, Dos Reis SP, Cavalcante GC. Mutations in Structural Genes of the Mitochondrial Complex IV May Influence Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1465. [PMID: 37510369 PMCID: PMC10379055 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has gained more attention in recent years, the relationship between breast cancer (BC) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is still not well understood. Importantly, Complex IV or Cytochrome C Oxidase (COX) of OXPHOS is one of the key players in mitochondrial balance. An in silico investigation of mutations in structural genes of Complex IV was conducted in BC, comprising 2107 samples. Our findings show four variants (rs267606614, rs753969142, rs199476128 and rs267606884) with significant pathogenic potential. Moreover, we highlight nine genes (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3, CO4I2, COX5A, COX5B, COX6A2, COX6C and COX7B2) with a potential impact on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cunha de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sávio Pinho Dos Reis
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Seok JH, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Jo HH, Kim EY, Jeong JH, Park YS, Lee SH, Kim DJ, Nam SY, Lee BJ, Lee HJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hemin-aggravated colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e74. [PMID: 36174978 PMCID: PMC9523342 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have presented evidence to support the significant association between red meat intake and colon cancer, suggesting that heme iron plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EGCG on red meat-associated colon carcinogenesis is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on colon carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Hemin and EGCG were treated in Caco2 cells to perform the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We investigated the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mouse model. RESULTS In Caco2 cells, hemin increased cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and ROS levels. EGCG suppressed hemin-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression as well as mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Hemin increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, but decreased Keap1 expression. EGCG enhanced hemin-induced Nrf2 and antioxidant gene expression. Nrf2 inhibitor reversed EGCG reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression. In AOM/DSS mice, hemin treatment induced hyperplastic changes in colon tissues, inhibited by EGCG supplementation. EGCG reduced the hemin-induced numbers of total aberrant crypts and malondialdehyde concentration in the AOM/DSS model. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that EGCG reduced hemin-induced proliferation and colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyung Seok
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hye Jih Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hang Hyo Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Korea Food Culture Promotion Association, Cheongju 28553, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwang Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Chungbuk Provincial University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Beom Jun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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Png CW, Chua YK, Law JH, Zhang Y, Tan KK. Alterations in co-abundant bacteriome in colorectal cancer and its persistence after surgery: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9829. [PMID: 35701595 PMCID: PMC9198081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC), ranging from screening to disease recurrence. Our study aims to identify microbial markers characteristic of CRC and to examine if changes in bacteriome persist after surgery. Forty-nine fecal samples from 25 non-cancer (NC) individuals and 12 CRC patients, before and 6-months after surgery, were collected for analysis by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial richness and diversity were reduced, while pro-carcinogenic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis and Odoribacter splanchnicus were increased in CRC patients compared to NC group. These differences were no longer observed after surgery. Comparison between pre-op and post-op CRC showed increased abundance of probiotic bacteria after surgery. Concomitantly, bacteria associated with CRC progression were observed to have increased after surgery, implying persistent dysbiosis. In addition, functional pathway predictions based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene data showed that various pathways were differentially enriched in CRC compared to NC. Microbiome signatures characteristic of CRC comprise altered bacterial composition. Elements of these dysbiotic signatures persists even after surgery, suggesting possible field-change in remnant non-diseased colon. Future studies should involve a larger sample size with microbiome data collected at multiple time points after surgery to examine if these dysbiotic patterns truly persist and also correlate with disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong-Kang Chua
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia-Hao Law
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Valdebenito S, Lou E, Baldoni J, Okafo G, Eugenin E. The Novel Roles of Connexin Channels and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1270. [PMID: 29695070 PMCID: PMC5983846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic growth and cellular differentiation are critical hallmarks of tumor development. It is well established that cell-to-cell communication between tumor cells and "normal" surrounding cells regulates tumor differentiation and proliferation, aggressiveness, and resistance to treatment. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that result in tumor growth and spread as well as the adaptation of healthy surrounding cells to the tumor environment are poorly understood. A major component of these communication systems is composed of connexin (Cx)-containing channels including gap junctions (GJs), tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and hemichannels (HCs). There are hundreds of reports about the role of Cx-containing channels in the pathogenesis of cancer, and most of them demonstrate a downregulation of these proteins. Nonetheless, new data demonstrate that a localized communication via Cx-containing GJs, HCs, and TNTs plays a key role in tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, the type and downstream effects of signals communicated between the different populations of tumor cells are still unknown. However, new approaches such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could provide new insights into these signals communicated between connected cells. We propose that the identification and characterization of these new communication systems and their associated signaling could provide new targets to prevent or reduce the devastating consequences of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of NJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - John Baldoni
- GlaxoSmithKline, In-Silico Drug Discovery Unit, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - George Okafo
- GlaxoSmithKline, In-Silico Drug Discovery Unit, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of NJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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8
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Hertweck KL, Dasgupta S. The Landscape of mtDNA Modifications in Cancer: A Tale of Two Cities. Front Oncol 2017; 7:262. [PMID: 29164061 PMCID: PMC5673620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria from normal and cancerous cells represent a tale of two cities, wherein both execute similar processes but with different cellular and molecular effects. Given the number of reviews currently available which describe the functional implications of mitochondrial mutations in cancer, this article focuses on documenting current knowledge in the abundance and distribution of somatic mitochondrial mutations, followed by elucidation of processes which affect the fate of mutations in cancer cells. The conclusion includes an overview of translational implications for mtDNA mutations, as well as recommendations for future research uniting mitochondrial variants and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Hertweck
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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9
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Maralingannavar V, Parmar D, Pant T, Gadgil C, Panchagnula V, Gadgil M. CHO Cells adapted to inorganic phosphate limitation show higher growth and higher pyruvate carboxylase flux in phosphate replete conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:749-758. [PMID: 28220676 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi ) is an essential ion involved in diverse cellular processes including metabolism. Changes in cellular metabolism upon long term adaptation to Pi limitation have been reported in E. coli. Given the essential role of Pi , adaptation to Pi limitation may also result in metabolic changes in animal cells. In this study, we have adapted CHO cells producing recombinant IgG to limiting Pi conditions for 75 days. Not surprisingly, adapted cells showed better survival under Pi limitation. Here, we report the finding that such cells also showed better growth characteristics compared to control in batch culture replete with Pi (higher peak density and integral viable cell density), accompanied by a lower specific oxygen uptake rate and cytochrome oxidase activity towards the end of exponential phase. Surprisingly, the adapted cells grew to a lower peak density under glucose limitation. This suggests long term Pi limitation may lead to selection for an altered metabolism with higher dependence on glucose availability for biomass assimilation compared to control. Steady state U-13 C glucose labeling experiments suggest that adapted cells have a higher pyruvate carboxylase flux. Consistent with this observation, supplementation with aspartate abolished the peak density difference whereas supplementation with serine did not abolish the difference. This supports the hypothesis that cell growth in the adapted culture might be higher due to a higher pyruvate carboxylase flux. Decreased fitness under carbon limitation and mutations in the sucABCD operon has been previously reported in E. coli upon long term adaptation to Pi limitation, suggestive of a similarity in cellular response among such diverse species. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:749-758, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanathgouda Maralingannavar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Tejal Pant
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Chetan Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Venkateswarlu Panchagnula
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
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10
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Changes in the Luminal Environment of the Colonic Epithelial Cells and Physiopathological Consequences. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:476-486. [PMID: 28082121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence, mostly from experimental models, has accumulated, indicating that modifications of bacterial metabolite concentrations in the large intestine luminal content, notably after changes in the dietary composition, may have important beneficial or deleterious consequences for the colonic epithelial cell metabolism and physiology in terms of mitochondrial energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, gene expression, DNA integrity, proliferation, and viability. Recent data suggest that for some bacterial metabolites, like hydrogen sulfide and butyrate, the extent of their oxidation in colonocytes affects their capacity to modulate gene expression in these cells. Modifications of the luminal bacterial metabolite concentrations may, in addition, affect the colonic pH and osmolarity, which are known to affect colonocyte biology per se. Although the colonic epithelium appears able to face, up to some extent, changes in its luminal environment, notably by developing a metabolic adaptive response, some of these modifications may likely affect the homeostatic process of colonic epithelium renewal and the epithelial barrier function. The contribution of major changes in the colonocyte luminal environment in pathological processes, like mucosal inflammation, preneoplasia, and neoplasia, although suggested by several studies, remains to be precisely evaluated, particularly in a long-term perspective.
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11
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Garcia-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Decoding Warburg's hypothesis: tumor-related mutations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41582-99. [PMID: 26462158 PMCID: PMC4747175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancer cells derived their energy from aerobic glycolysis by converting glucose to lactate. This mechanism is in opposition to the higher energy requirements of cancer cells because oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) produces more ATP from glucose. Warburg hypothesized that this phenomenon occurs due to the malfunction of mitochondria in cancer cells. The rediscovery of Warburg's hypothesis coincided with the discovery of mitochondrial tumor suppressor genes that may conform to Warburg's hypothesis along with the demonstrated negative impact of HIF-1 on PDH activity and the activation of HIF-1 by oncogenic signals such as activated AKT. This work summarizes the alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins that have been identified and their involvement in cancer. Also discussed is the fact that most of the mitochondrial mutations have been found in homoplasmy, indicating a positive selection during tumor evolution, thereby supporting their causal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Zhang K, Chen Y, Huang X, Qu P, Pan Q, Lü L, Jiang S, Ren T, Su H. Expression and clinical significance of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV in colorectal cancer patients. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:68-77. [PMID: 26925120 PMCID: PMC4754367 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA is elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expression of nuclear DNA-encoded COX IV and its clinical significance have not yet been investigated in CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined COX IV expression in paired CRC samples (cancer and pericancerous tissues) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemical staining and analyzed its clinical significance. RESULTS qPCR and Western blot analyses showed that COX IV expression was significantly elevated at both the mRNA (p = 0.05) and protein levels in CRC tissue samples when compared with those in paired pericancerous tissues. Immunohistochemistry also revealed that COX IV expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues (p < 0.001). Association analyses showed that there was no significant association between COX IV expression and clinical parameters of CRC patients except for gender (p = 0.017). Moreover, we did not find any association between COX IV expression and overall survival or recurrence-free survival of CRC patients. Further analysis showed no significant relationship between the expression of COX IV and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that elevated COX IV expression may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis, but not in progression, which warrants further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuzhong Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lü
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingitng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haichuan Su
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Srinivasan S, Guha M, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial respiratory defects promote the Warburg effect and cancer progression. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1085120. [PMID: 27308608 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1085120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade mitochondria have emerged as an important cellular signaling hub controlling metabolism, epigenetics, and cell fate. Dysfunctional mitochondria initiate a retrograde nuclear response that influences the cellular reprograming observed in various human pathologies, including cancer. New data suggest that loss of cytochrome c oxidase function promotes the Warburg effect and upregulates several genes with roles in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Novak EA, Mollen KP. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:62. [PMID: 26484345 PMCID: PMC4589667 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represents a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic or recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. While the exact etiology of disease is unknown, IBD is recognized to be a complex, multifactorial disease that results from an intricate interplay of genetic predisposition, an altered immune response, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors. Together, these contribute to a destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, increased gut permeability, and an influx of immune cells. Given that most cellular functions as well as maintenance of the epithelial barrier is energy-dependent, it is logical to assume that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in both the onset and recurrence of disease. Indeed several studies have demonstrated evidence of mitochondrial stress and alterations in mitochondrial function within the intestinal epithelium of patients with IBD and mice undergoing experimental colitis. Although the hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, including oxidative stress and impaired ATP production are known to be evident in the intestines of patients with IBD, it is as yet unclear whether these processes occur as a cause of consequence of disease. We provide a current review of mitochondrial function in the setting of intestinal inflammation during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Li L, Zheng HX, Liu Z, Qin Z, Chen F, Qian D, Xu J, Jin L, Wang X. Mitochondrial genomes and exceptional longevity in a Chinese population: the Rugao longevity study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9750. [PMID: 25666573 PMCID: PMC4322039 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants of whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that predispose to exceptional longevity need to be systematically identified and appraised. Here, we conducted a case-control study with 237 exceptional longevity subjects (aged 95-107) and 444 control subjects (aged 40-69) randomly recruited from a "longevity town"-the city of Rugao in China-to investigate the effects of mtDNA variants on exceptional longevity. We sequenced the entire mtDNA genomes of the 681 subjects using a next-generation platform and employed a complete mtDNA phylogenetic analytical strategy. We identified T3394C as a candidate that counteracts longevity, and we observed a higher load of private nonsynonymous mutations in the COX1 gene predisposing to female longevity. Additionally, for the first time, we identified several variants and new subhaplogroups related to exceptional longevity. Our results provide new clues for genetic mechanisms of longevity and shed light on strategies for evaluating rare mitochondrial variants that underlie complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Fei Chen
- />Rugao Longevity Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu China
| | - Degui Qian
- />Rugao Longevity Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Xu
- />Rugao Longevity Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu China
| | - Li Jin
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200433 China
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16
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Goyal P, Yang S, Cui Q. Microscopic basis for kinetic gating in Cytochrome c oxidase: insights from QM/MM analysis. Chem Sci 2015; 6:826-841. [PMID: 25678950 PMCID: PMC4321873 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of vectorial proton pumping in biomolecules requires establishing the microscopic basis for the regulation of both thermodynamic and kinetic features of the relevant proton transfer steps.
Understanding the mechanism of vectorial proton pumping in biomolecules requires establishing the microscopic basis for the regulation of both thermodynamic and kinetic features of the relevant proton transfer steps. For the proton pump cytochrome c oxidase, while the regulation of thermodynamic driving force for key proton transfers has been discussed in great detail, the microscopic basis for the control of proton transfer kinetics has been poorly understood. Here we carry out extensive QM/MM free energy simulations to probe the kinetics of relevant proton transfer steps and analyze the effects of local structure and hydration level. We show that protonation of the proton loading site (PLS, taken to be a propionate of heme a3) requires a concerted process in which a key glutamic acid (Glu286H) delivers the proton to the PLS while being reprotonated by an excess proton coming from the D-channel. The concerted nature of the mechanism is a crucial feature that enables the loading of the PLS before the cavity containing Glu286 is better hydrated to lower its pKa to experimentally measured range; the charged rather than dipolar nature of the process also ensures a tight coupling with heme a reduction, as emphasized by Siegbahn and Blomberg. In addition, we find that rotational flexibility of the PLS allows its protonation before that of the binuclear center (the site where oxygen gets reduced to water). Together with our recent study (P. Goyal, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2013, 110, 18886–18891) that focused on the modulation of Glu286 pKa, the current work suggests a mechanism that builds in a natural sequence for the protonation of the PLS prior to that of the binuclear center. This provides microscopic support to the kinetic constraints revealed by kinetic network analysis as essential elements that ensure an efficient vectorial proton transport in cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
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17
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Li L, Yu S, Xiao W, Li Y, Hu W, Huang L, Zheng X, Zhou S, Yang H. Protein submitochondrial localization from integrated sequence representation and SVM-based backward feature extraction. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:170-7. [PMID: 25335193 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrion, a tiny energy factory, plays an important role in various biological processes of most eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Li
- Department of General Surgery
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Institute of Cancer
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Wenjuan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology
- College of High Altitude Military Medicine
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondria cooperate with their host cells by contributing to bioenergetics, metabolism, biosynthesis, and cell death or survival functions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria participate in stress signalling in normal cells but also contribute to the initiation of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations that promote neoplastic transformation. In cancer cells, mitochondrial ROS amplify the tumorigenic phenotype and accelerate the accumulation of additional mutations that lead to metastatic behaviour. As mitochondria carry out important functions in normal cells, disabling their function is not a feasible therapy for cancer. However, ROS signalling contributes to proliferation and survival in many cancers, so the targeted disruption of mitochondria-to-cell redox communication represents a promising avenue for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran S Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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19
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Mitochondrial D-loop and cytochrome oxidase C subunit I polymorphisms among the breast cancer patients of Mizoram, Northeast India. Curr Genet 2014; 60:201-12. [PMID: 24719079 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known for its high frequencies of polymorphisms and mutations as it is prone to oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to assess the novel mutations in mitochondrial genes from blood samples among the breast cancer patients from a less studied Northeast Indian population. D, B, L haplogroups were observed in the cancer samples and a total of 44 mtDNA D-loop sequence variations at 42 distinct nucleotide positions were found. All the sequence variations were transitional substitutions and 6 were heteroplasmic states, except for a cytosine copy number change (9C/8C) at np 303e309 in three samples examined. A total of 88 Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit I (COXI) sequence differences with respect to the Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) were identified including 20 missense variants with 100 % sample mutation frequency. All 20 missense mutations are highly conserved with a Cumulate Index of 100 %. Among 88 COXI mutations, 24 (13 were Non-Synonymous and 11 were Synonymous) were not previously reported (novel mutation) in the literature or the public mtDNA mutation databases. Analysis of three-dimensional structure of COXI open reading frame (ORF) predicted the effect of one single codon (96R > C, 217T > I, 224-225GG > EE and 227D > T) mutations located in the signal peptide binding position. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA mutations, as a viable alternative, has the advantage of being capable of detecting inherent risk factors for breast cancer development.
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20
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LE PH, Huang SC, Lim SN, Chou CH, Yeh TS, Chen TC, Yen TH, Su MY, Chiu CT, Yeh CT, Lin WR. Complex IV subunit 1 defect predicts postoperative survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1430-1438. [PMID: 24765151 PMCID: PMC3997697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is responsible for adenosine triphosphate synthesis and OXPHOS deficiency plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. The defects of mitochondrial-encoded OXPHOS subunits have been found in normal and cirrhotic liver, however their contributions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not clear. The present study aimed to examine these defects in resected HCC tissues. In total, 102 human HCC tissues were collected from patients undergoing curative resection, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess tissue expression of complex I subunit 6, complex III subunit 3, complex IV subunit 1 (CIV-1) and complex V subunit 6. Cox proportional hazard model analysis was performed, including all clinicopathological factors, to postoperatively estimate the overall survival rate. The results showed that the majority of HCC tissues contained various degrees of expression defects for OXPHOS subunits. Among these, the major CIV-1 defect (expression defect area of >25% of the examined area) (P<0.001) and early distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independently associated with the overall survival rate. Kaplan-Meier analysis also demonstrated that the major CIV-1 defect was significantly associated with a poor overall survival rate (log-rank, P=0.002). The findings in the present study clearly indicate that the major CIV-1 expression defect may serve as an independent negative prognostic factor in HCC patients following curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puo-Hsien LE
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Hua Chou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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21
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Sen S, Kawahara B, Fry NL, Farias-Eisner R, Zhang D, Mascharak PK, Chaudhuri G. A light-activated NO donor attenuates anchorage independent growth of cancer cells: Important role of a cross talk between NO and other reactive oxygen species. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 540:33-40. [PMID: 24157690 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is established that high concentrations of nitric oxide(1) (NO), as released from activated macrophages, induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In this study, we assessed the potential of a light-activated NO donor [(Me2bpb)Ru(NO)(Resf)], a recently reported apoptototic agent, in suppressing the anchorage independent growth potentials of an aggressive human breast cancer cell line. Our results demonstrated the down regulation of anchorage independent growth by light activated NO treatment in the aggressive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and afforded insight into the associated mechanism(s). The investigation revealed an up-regulation of the bioactivity of catalase with an accompanied reduction in the endogenous levels of H2O2, a direct substrate of catalase and a recently identified endogenous growth modulator in breast cancer cells. An earlier publication reported that endogenous superoxide (O2(-)) in human breast cancer cells constitutively inhibits catalase bioactivity (at the level of its protein), resulting in increased H2O2 levels. Interestingly in this study, O2(-) was also found to be down- regulated following NO treatment providing a basis for the observed increase in catalase bioactivity. Cells silenced for the catalase gene exhibited compromised reduction in anchorage independent growth upon light activated NO treatment. Collectively this study detailed a mechanistic cross talk between exogenous NO and endogenous ROS in attenuating anchorage independent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Saenko Y, Cieslar-Pobuda A, Skonieczna M, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. Changes of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species and Mitochondrial Functioning in Human K562 and HL60 Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2013; 180:360-6. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3247.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Horan MP, Rumbley JN, Melvin RG, Le Couteur DG, Ballard JWO. Quaternary protein modeling to predict the function of DNA variation found in human mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:127-34. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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[Energy metabolism pathway related genes and adaptive evolution of tumor cells]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 33:557-65. [PMID: 23266974 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2012.06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of tumor cells is an extremely energy-consuming process. However, different from normal cells, tumor cells generate energy via glycolysis even under aerobic conditions, which is one of the ten hallmarks of tumor cells. The switch of energy metabolism results in a series of physiological changes in tumor cells, including rapid generation of ATP and abundant biomass for cell proliferation, which form the basis of tumor cells to successfully adapt to their extreme microenvironment (e.g. lack of oxygen). In this review, we will introduce recent progress in studying somatic mutations on the energy metabolism related genes in tumors, with special focus on the potential factors involving in the "switch" and to decipher the genetic adaptive footprint of the "switch" from the angle of molecular evolution.
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25
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Buhrow L, Ferguson-Miller S, Kuhn LA. From static structure to living protein: computational analysis of cytochrome c oxidase main-chain flexibility. Biophys J 2012; 102:2158-66. [PMID: 22824280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic structure and deuterium accessibility comparisons of CcO in different redox states have suggested conformational changes of mechanistic significance. To predict the intrinsic flexibility and low energy motions in CcO, this work has analyzed available high-resolution crystallographic structures with ProFlex and elNémo computational methods. The results identify flexible regions and potential conformational changes in CcO that correlate well with published structural and biochemical data and provide mechanistic insights. CcO is predicted to undergo rotational motions on the interior and exterior of the membrane, driven by transmembrane helical tilting and bending, coupled with rocking of the β-sheet domain. Consequently, the proton K-pathway becomes sufficiently flexible for internal water molecules to alternately occupy upper and lower parts of the pathway, associated with conserved Thr-359 and Lys-362 residues. The D-pathway helices are found to be relatively rigid, with a highly flexible entrance region involving the subunit I C-terminus, potentially regulating the uptake of protons. Constriction and dilation of hydrophobic channels in RsCcO suggest regulation of the oxygen supply to the binuclear center. This analysis points to coupled conformational changes in CcO and their potential to influence both proton and oxygen access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Buhrow
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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26
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Faure E, Delaye L, Tribolo S, Levasseur A, Seligmann H, Barthélémy RM. Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on the antisense strand of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Biol Direct 2011; 6:56. [PMID: 22024028 PMCID: PMC3214167 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-6-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria mediate most of the energy production that occurs in the majority of eukaryotic organisms. These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Despite a disparity in gene content, all mtDNAs encode at least two components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, including cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1). PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS A positionally conserved ORF has been found on the complementary strand of the cox1 genes of both eukaryotic mitochondria (protist, plant, fungal and animal) and alpha-proteobacteria. This putative gene has been named gau for gene antisense ubiquitous in mtDNAs. The length of the deduced protein is approximately 100 amino acids. In vertebrates, several stop codons have been found in the mt gau region, and potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. However, a recent bioinformatics study showed that several hypothetical overlapping mt genes could be predicted, including gau; this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expression of mt antisense tRNAs with anticodons recognizing AGR codons according to an alternative genetic code that is induced by the presence of suppressor tRNAs. Despite an evolutionary distance of at least 1.5 to 2.0 billion years, the deduced Gau proteins share some conserved amino acid signatures and structure, which suggests a possible conserved function. Moreover, BLAST analysis identified rare, sense-oriented ESTs with poly(A) tails that include the entire gau region. Immunohistochemical analyses using an anti-Gau monoclonal antibody revealed strict co-localization of Gau proteins and a mitochondrial marker. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS This hypothesis could be tested by purifying the gau gene product and determining its sequence. Cell biological experiments are needed to determine the physiological role of this protein. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS Studies of the gau ORF will shed light on the origin of novel genes and their functions in organelles and could also have medical implications for human diseases that are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, this strengthens evidence for mitochondrial genes coded according to an overlapping genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Faure
- Université de Provence, Marseille cedex 3, France.
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27
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Quarato G, Piccoli C, Scrima R, Capitanio N. Functional imaging of membrane potential at the single mitochondrion level: Possible application for diagnosis of human diseases. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:764-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Namslauer I, Dietz MS, Brzezinski P. Functional effects of mutations in cytochrome c oxidase related to prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1336-41. [PMID: 21334999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of missense mutations in subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (CytcO) have previously been linked to prostate cancer (Petros et al., 2005). To investigate the effects of these mutations at the molecular level, in the present study we prepared four different structural variants of the bacterial Rhodobacter sphaeroides CytcO (cytochrome aa(3)), each carrying one amino-acid residue replacement corresponding to the following substitutions identified in the above-mentioned study: Asn11Ser, Ala122Thr, Ala341Ser and Val380Ile (residues Asn25, Ser168, Ala384 and Val423 in the R. sphaeroides oxidase). This bacterial CytcO displays essentially the same structural and functional characteristics as those of the mitochondrial counterpart. We investigated the overall activity, proton pumping and internal electron- and proton-transfer reactions in the structural variants. The results show that the turnover activities of the mutant CytcOs were reduced by at most a factor of two. All variants pumped protons, but in Ser168Thr, Ala384Ser and Val423Ile we observed slight internal proton leaks. In all structural variants the internal electron equilibrium was slightly shifted away from the catalytic site at high pH (10), resulting in a slower observed ferryl to oxidized transition. Even though the effects of the mutations were relatively modest, the results suggest that they destabilize the proton-gating machinery. Such effects could be manifested in the presence of a transmembrane electrochemical gradient resulting in less efficient energy conservation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Allosteric cooperativity in respiratory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Namslauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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The electron transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1910-6. [PMID: 20937244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer flavoprotein: ubiqionone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) is a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that together with electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) forms a short pathway that transfers electrons from 11 different mitochondrial flavoprotein dehydrogenases to the ubiquinone pool. The X-ray structure of the pig liver enzyme has been solved in the presence and absence of a bound ubiquinone. This structure reveals ETF-QO to be a monotopic membrane protein with the cofactors, FAD and a [4Fe-4S](+1+2) cluster, organised to suggests that it is the flavin that serves as the immediate reductant of ubiquinone. ETF-QO is very highly conserved in evolution and the recombinant enzyme from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has allowed the mutational analysis of a number of residues that the structure suggested are involved in modulating the reduction potential of the cofactors. These experiments, together with the spectroscopic measurement of the distances between the cofactors in solution have confirmed the intramolecular pathway of electron transfer from ETF to ubiquinone. This approach can be extended as the R. sphaeroides ETF-QO provides a template for investigating the mechanistic consequences of single amino acid substitutions of conserved residues that are associated with a mild and late onset variant of the metabolic disease multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD).
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Namslauer I, Lee HJ, Gennis RB, Brzezinski P. A pathogenic mutation in cytochrome c oxidase results in impaired proton pumping while retaining O(2)-reduction activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:550-6. [PMID: 20117076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have investigated the effect of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation found in human colon cells, at a functional-molecular level. The mutation results in the amino-acid substitution Tyr19His in subunit I of the human CytcO and it is associated with respiratory deficiency. It was introduced into Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which carries a cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome aa(3)) that serves as a model of the mitochondrial counterpart. The residue is situated in the middle of a pathway that is used to transfer substrate protons as well as protons that are pumped across the membrane. The Tyr33His (equivalent residue in the bacterial CytcO) structural variant of the enzyme was purified and its function was investigated. The results show that in the structurally altered CytcO the activity decreased due to slowed proton transfer; proton transfer from an internal proton donor, the highly-conserved Glu286, to the catalytic site was slowed by a factor of approximately 5, while reprotonation of the Glu from solution was slowed by a factor of approximately 40. In addition, in the structural variant proton pumping was completely impaired. These results are explained in terms of introduction of a barrier for proton transfer through the D pathway and changes in the coordination of water molecules surrounding the Glu286 residue. The study offers an explanation, at the molecular level, to the link between a specific amino-acid substitution and a pathogenic phenotype identified in human colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Namslauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Greaves LC, Barron MJ, Plusa S, Kirkwood TB, Mathers JC, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Defects in multiple complexes of the respiratory chain are present in ageing human colonic crypts. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:573-9. [PMID: 20096767 PMCID: PMC2887930 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate in a number of ageing tissues and are proposed to play a role in the ageing process. We have previously shown that colonic crypt stem cells accumulate somatic mtDNA point mutations during ageing. These mtDNA mutations result in the loss of the activity of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase (COX)) of the respiratory chain in the stem cells and their progeny, producing colonic crypts which are entirely COX deficient. However it is not known whether the other complexes of the respiratory chain are similarly affected during ageing. Here we have used antibodies to individual subunits of complexes I–IV to investigate their expression in the colonic epithelium from human subjects aged 18–84. We show that in ∼50% of crypts with any form of respiratory chain deficiency, decreased expression of subunits of multiple complexes is observed. Furthermore we have sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of a number of cells with multiple complex defects and have found a wide variety of point mutations in these cells affecting a number of different protein encoding and RNA encoding genes. Finally we discuss the possible mechanisms by which multiple respiratory chain complex defects may occur in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Greaves
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Institute for Ageing and Health, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Dalmonte ME, Forte E, Genova ML, Giuffrè A, Sarti P, Lenaz G. Control of respiration by cytochrome c oxidase in intact cells: role of the membrane potential. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32331-5. [PMID: 19776013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic control analysis was applied to intact HepG2 cells. The effect on the control coefficient of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX) over cell respiration of both the electrical (Delta psi) and chemical (Delta pH) component of the mitochondrial transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient (Delta mu(H(+))) was investigated. The overall O(2) consumption and specific CcOX activity of actively phosphorylating cells were titrated with cyanide under conditions in which Delta psi and Delta pH were selectively modulated by addition of ionophores. In the absence of ionophores, CcOX displayed a high control coefficient (C(IV) = 0.73), thus representing an important site of regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. A high control coefficient value (C(IV) = 0.85) was also measured in the presence of nigericin, i.e. when Delta psi is maximal, and in the presence of nigericin and valinomycin (C(IV) = 0.77), when Delta mu(H(+)) is abolished. In contrast, CcOX displayed a markedly lower control coefficient (C(IV) = 0.30) upon addition of valinomycin, when Delta psi is converted into Delta pH. These results show that Delta psi is responsible for the tight control of CcOX over respiration in actively phosphorylating cells.
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Mizutani S, Miyato Y, Shidara Y, Asoh S, Tokunaga A, Tajiri T, Ohta S. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome confer resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1680-7. [PMID: 19555391 PMCID: PMC11159083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer cells harbor homoplasmic somatic mutations in the mitochondrial genome. We show here that mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are responsible for anticancer drug tolerance. We constructed several trans-mitochondrial hybrids (cybrids) with mtDNA derived from human pancreas cancer cell lines CFPAC-1 and CAPAN-2 as well as from healthy individuals. These cybrids contained the different mitochondrial genomes with the common nuclear background. We compared the mutant and wild-type cybrids for resistance against an apoptosis-inducing reagent and anticancer drugs by exposing the cybrids to staurosporine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin in vitro, and found that all mutant cybrids were more resistant to the apoptosis-inducing and anticancer drugs than wild-type cybrids. Next, we transplanted mutant and wild-type cybrids into nude mice to generate tumors. Tumors derived from mutant cybrids were more resistant than those from wild-type cybrids in suppressing tumor growth and inducing massive apoptosis when 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin were administered. To confirm the tolerance of mutant cybrids to anticancer drugs, we transplanted a mixture of mutant and wild-type cybrids at a 1:1 ratio into nude mice and examined the effect by the drugs on the drift of the ratio of mutant and wild-type mtDNA. The mutant mtDNA showed better survival, indicating that mutant cybrids were more resistant to the anticancer drugs. Thus, we propose that mutations in the mitochondrial genome are potential targets for prognosis in the administration of anticancer drugs to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizutani
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Graduate of School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
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Modelling mitochondrial DNA mutations in bacterial cytochrome c oxidase: link to colon cancer? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:E57. [PMID: 19447926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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