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Thiagarajan V, Nah T, Xin X. Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter deposition on phytoplankton: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175280. [PMID: 39122032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In many rapidly urbanizing and industrializing countries, atmospheric pollution causes severe environmental problems and compromises the health of humans and ecosystems. Atmospheric emissions, which encompass gases and particulate matter, can be transported back to the earth's surface through atmospheric deposition. Atmospheric deposition supplies chemical species that can serve as nutrients and/or toxins to aquatic ecosystems, resulting in wide-ranging responses of aquatic organisms. Among the aquatic organisms, phytoplankton is the basis of the aquatic food web and is a key player in global primary production. Atmospheric deposition alters nutrient availability and thus influences phytoplankton species abundance and composition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological responses of phytoplankton resulting from the atmospheric deposition of trace metals, nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds in particulate matter into aquatic ecosystems. Knowledge gaps and critical areas for future studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Thiagarajan
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Theodora Nah
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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2
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Bucci S, Richon C, Bakels L. Exploring the Transport Path of Oceanic Microplastics in the Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14338-14347. [PMID: 39078311 PMCID: PMC11325545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) have been recognized as an emerging atmospheric pollutant, yet uncertainties persist in their emissions and concentrations. With a bottom-up approach, we estimate 6-hourly MP fluxes at the ocean-atmosphere interface, using as an input the monthly ocean surface MP concentrations simulated by the global oceanic model (NEMO/PISCES-PLASTIC, Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies), a size distribution estimate for the MP in the micrometer range, and a sea salt emission scheme. The atmospheric dispersion is then simulated with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART. We identify hotspot sources in the tropical regions and highlight the seasonal variability of emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and deposition fluxes both on land and ocean surfaces. Due to the variability of MP concentration during the year, the MP flux from the sea surface appears to follow a seasonality opposite to that of sea salt aerosol emissions. The comparison with existing observations of MP in the marine atmosphere suggests an underestimation of one to 2 orders of magnitude in our current knowledge of the MP in the oceans' surface. In addition, we show that the MP in the micrometer range is transported efficiently around the globe and can penetrate and linger in the stratosphere over time scales of months. The interaction of these particles with the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere is still mostly unknown and deserves to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bucci
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Camille Richon
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LOCEAN-IPSL), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), UMR 197 CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Lucie Bakels
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, Vienna 1010, Austria
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3
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Boudriga I, Poindron C, Khammeri Y, Zouari AB, Rossi V, Thyssen M, Desboeufs K, Bel Hassen M. Impact of atmospheric deposition on the dynamics of ultraphytoplanktonic populations in the Gulf of Gabès during an intense dust event (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116059. [PMID: 38335628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The ultraphytoplankton composition and dynamics were assessed during a Saharan dust event occurring off the southern Tunisian coasts during the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE Trans-Mediterranean oceanographic cruise. The composition of atmospheric dust was characterized in terms of nutriments and trace metals. Data-assimilative hydrodynamic model revealed no differences in the hydrological features along the sampling track and almost no water transport occurred during the period of atmospheric deposition. Dust deposition increased the growth rates and the productivity of the major phytoplanktonic cytometric groups, resulting in the highest surface biomass along the Mediterranean transect. One group, distinguished by low fluorescence and nanoplanktonic size, reacted to dust deposition within hours, exhibiting the highest growth rate and net productivity. The dust composition showed a substantial enrichment with organic phosphorous representing (56 % of Total phosphorus) and trace metals mainly Fe, Mn and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Boudriga
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia.
| | - Charlotte Poindron
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yosra Khammeri
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bellaaj Zouari
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Rossi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Melilotus Thyssen
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Karine Desboeufs
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Malika Bel Hassen
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
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Gill RL, Fleck R, Chau K, Westerhausen MT, Lockwood TE, Violi JP, Irga PJ, Doblin MA, Torpy FR. Fine particle pollution during megafires contains potentially toxic elements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123306. [PMID: 38185362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires that raged across Australia during the 2019-2020 'Black Summer' produced an enormous quantity of particulate matter (PM) pollution, with plumes that cloaked many urban centres and ecosystems along the eastern seaboard. This has motivated a need to understand the magnitude and nature of PM exposure, so that its impact on both built and natural environments can be more accurately assessed. Here we present the potentially toxic fingerprint of PM captured by building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning filters in Sydney, Australia during the peak of the Wildfires, and from ambient urban emissions one year later (Reference period). Atmospheric PM and meteorological monitoring data were also assessed to determine the magnitude and source of high PM exposure. The wildfires were a major source of PM pollution in Sydney, exceeding the national standards on 19 % of days between November-February. Wildfire particles were finer and more spherical compared to Reference PM, with count median diameters of 892.1 ± 23.1 versus 1484.8 ± 96.7 nm (mean ± standard error). On an equal-mass basis, differences in potentially toxic elements were predominantly due to higher SO42--S (median 20.4 vs 4.7 mg g-1) and NO3--N (2.4 vs 1.2 mg g-1) in Wildfire PM, and higher PO43--P (10.4 vs 1.4 mg g-1) in Reference PM. Concentrations of remaining elements were similar or lower than Reference PM, except for enrichments to F-, Cl-, dissolved Mn, and particulate Mn, Co and Sb. Fractional solubilities of trace elements were similar or lower than Reference PM, except for enhanced Hg (12.1 vs 1.0 %) and greater variability in Cd, Hg and Mn solubility, which displayed upper quartiles exceeding that of Reference PM. These findings contribute to our understanding of human and ecosystem exposures to the toxic components of mixed smoke plumes, especially in regions downwind of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa L Gill
- Productive Coasts, Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Robert Fleck
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ky Chau
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mika T Westerhausen
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Thomas E Lockwood
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jake P Violi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J Irga
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Productive Coasts, Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- Plants and Environmental Quality Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Madhusoodhanan R, Al-Said T, Sarkar A, Fernandes L, Ahmed A, Yamamoto T, Thuslim F, Al-Dousari A, Al-Zekri W, Al-Enezi M, Al-Ghunaim A. Aeolian dust and hydro-biological characteristics: Decoding dust storm impacts on phytoplankton in the northern Arabian Gulf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168583. [PMID: 37981157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Aeolian dust is an essential source of growth-limiting nutrients for marine phytoplankton. Despite being at the core of the Global Dust Belt, the response of the Arabian Gulf ecosystem to such atmospheric forcing is rarely documented. Here, the hydro-biological effect of mineral dust was studied in the northern Arabian Gulf (NAG) off Kuwait through monthly water sampling (December 2020 to December 2021), dust-storm follow-up sampling, and mineral dust and nutrient addition in-situ experiments. The multivariate analysis of oceanographic data revealed pronounced hydro-biological seasonality. The mineral dust deposition during two severe dust storm events in March and June 2021 showed a spatially varying effect of dust on coastal waters. The dust storms elevated the surface dissolved iron levels by several magnitudes, increased the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous levels, changed their stoichiometry, and offset the hydrobiological seasonality. In the microcosms, dust input temporarily reduced phytoplankton phosphorous limitation in a dose-dependent manner when mesozooplankton (copepods) grazing was minimal. The microphytoplankton response to mineral dust inputs was comparable to that with nitrogen and phosphorous treatment. While Both treatments increased diatom size structure and biomass, the abundance of single-celled diatoms was comparatively higher in dust treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that dust deposition alters the hydrographical properties of the surface ocean during dust storm events. The effects, though transient, were traceable for 3-16 days post-storm in coastal waters. The response of the summer phytoplankton to these changes, if delayed or muted, should be interpreted with caution given the summer water column stratification, the high nitrogen: phosphorous ratio and the low phosphorous solubility of aerosol dust, and the complex pelagic microbial food web interactions in the NAG. This study thus underlines the importance of a multivariate approach in documenting the ecological implications of Aeolian dust storms on marine environments closer to the dust source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait.
| | - Turki Al-Said
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Amit Sarkar
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Loreta Fernandes
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Fathima Thuslim
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ali Al-Dousari
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Zekri
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Enezi
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Aws Al-Ghunaim
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
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6
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Al-Abadleh HA. Iron content in aerosol particles and its impact on atmospheric chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38268472 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol effects on ecological and human health remain uncertain due to their highly complex and evolving nature when suspended in air. Atmospheric chemistry, global climate/oceanic and health exposure models need to incorporate more realistic representations of aerosol particles, especially their bulk and surface chemistry, to account for the evolution in aerosol physicochemical properties with time. (Photo)chemistry driven by iron (Fe) in atmospheric aerosol particles from natural and anthropogenic sources remains limited in these models, particularly under aerosol liquid water conditions. In this feature article, recent advances from our work on Fe (photo)reactivity in multicomponent aerosol systems are highlighted. More specifically, reactions of soluble Fe with aqueous extracts of biomass burning organic aerosols and proxies of humic like substances leading to brown carbon formation are presented. Some of these reactions produced nitrogen-containing gaseous and condensed phase products. For comparison, results from these bulk aqueous phase chemical studies were compared to those from heterogeneous reactions simulating atmospheric aging of Fe-containing reference materials. These materials include Arizona test dust (AZTD) and combustion fly ash particles. Also, dissolution of Fe and other trace elements is presented from simulated human exposure experiments to highlight the impact of aerosol aging on levels of trace metals. The impacts of these chemical reactions on aerosol optical, hygroscopic and morphological properties are also emphasized in light of their importance to aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions, in addition to biogeochemical processes at the sea/ocean surface microlayer upon deposition. Future directions for laboratory studies on Fe-driven multiphase chemistry are proposed to advance knowledge and encourage collaborations for efficient utilization of expertise and resources among climate, ocean and health scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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7
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González-Olalla JM, Powell JA, Brahney J. Dust storms increase the tolerance of phytoplankton to thermal and pH changes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17055. [PMID: 38273543 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic communities are increasingly subjected to multiple stressors through global change, including warming, pH shifts, and elevated nutrient concentrations. These stressors often surpass species tolerance range, leading to unpredictable consequences for aquatic communities and ecosystem functioning. Phytoplankton, as the foundation of the aquatic food web, play a crucial role in controlling water quality and the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. Despite the significance in understanding the effect of multiple stressors, further research is required to explore the combined impact of multiple stressors on phytoplankton. In this study, we used a combination of crossed experiment and mechanistic model to analyze the ecological and biogeochemical effects of global change on aquatic ecosystems and to forecast phytoplankton dynamics. We examined the effect of dust (0-75 mg L-1 ), temperature (19-27°C), and pH (6.3-7.3) on the growth rate of the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus. Furthermore, we carried out a geospatial analysis to identify regions of the planet where aquatic systems could be most affected by atmospheric dust deposition. Our mechanistic model and our empirical data show that dust exerts a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rate, broadening its thermal and pH tolerance range. Finally, our geospatial analysis identifies several high-risk areas including the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau, western United States, South America, central and southern Africa, central Australia as well as the Mediterranean region where dust-induced changes are expected to have the greatest impacts. Overall, our study shows that increasing dust storms associated with a more arid climate and land degradation can reverse the negative effects of high temperatures and low pH on phytoplankton growth, affecting the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and their role in the cycles of the elements and tolerance to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A Powell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Ladd TM, Catlett D, Maniscalco MA, Kim SM, Kelly RL, John SG, Carlson CA, Iglesias-Rodríguez MD. Food for all? Wildfire ash fuels growth of diverse eukaryotic plankton. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231817. [PMID: 37909074 PMCID: PMC10618864 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2017, one of the largest wildfires in California history, the Thomas Fire, created a large smoke and ash plume that extended over the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Here, we explore the impact of Thomas Fire ash deposition on seawater chemistry and the growth and composition of natural microbial communities. Experiments conducted in coastal California waters during the Thomas Fire revealed that leaching of ash in seawater resulted in significant additions of dissolved nutrients including inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium), silicic acid, metals (iron, nickel, cobalt and copper), organic nitrogen and organic carbon. After exposure to ash leachate at high (0.25 g ash l-1) and low (0.08 g ash l-1) concentrations for 4 days, natural microbial communities had 59-154% higher particulate organic carbon concentrations than communities without ash leachate additions. Additionally, a diverse assemblage of eukaryotic microbes (protists) responded to the ash leachate with taxa from 11 different taxonomic divisions increasing in relative abundance compared with control treatments. Our results suggest that large fire events can be important atmospheric sources of nutrients (particularly nitrogen) to coastal marine systems, where, through leaching of various nutrients, ash may act as a 'food for all' in protist communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Ladd
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D. Catlett
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - M. A. Maniscalco
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - S. M. Kim
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - R. L. Kelly
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. G. John
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. A. Carlson
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - M. D. Iglesias-Rodríguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Amesho KTT, Chinglenthoiba C, Samsudin MSAB, Lani MN, Pandey A, Desa MNM, Suresh V. Microplastics in the environment: An urgent need for coordinated waste management policies and strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118713. [PMID: 37567004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a prevalent environmental concern, exerting detrimental effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human health. Addressing this urgent issue necessitates the implementation of coordinated waste management policies and strategies. In this study, we present a comprehensive review focusing on key results and the underlying mechanisms associated with microplastics. We examine their sources and pathways, elucidate their ecological and human health impacts, and evaluate the current state of waste management policies. By drawing upon recent research and pertinent case studies, we propose a range of practical solutions, encompassing enhanced recycling and waste reduction measures, product redesign, and innovative technological interventions. Moreover, we emphasize the imperative for collaboration and cooperation across sectors and jurisdictions to effectively tackle this pressing environmental challenge. The findings of this study contribute to the broader understanding of microplastics and provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia; Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakopmund, Namibia.
| | - Chingakham Chinglenthoiba
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mohd S A B Samsudin
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group (MRIG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Lani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group (MRIG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, 19 Steve Biko Road, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India.
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Valiyaveettil Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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Gluščić V, Žužul S, Pehnec G, Jakovljević I, Smoljo I, Godec R, Bešlić I, Milinković A, Alempijević SB, Frka S. Sources, Ionic Composition and Acidic Properties of Bulk and Wet Atmospheric Deposition in the Eastern Middle Adriatic Region. TOXICS 2023; 11:551. [PMID: 37505517 PMCID: PMC10383331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ and K+. Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, while open-fire events increased the levels of K+. Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca2+, Na+ and NH4+. Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gluščić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jakovljević
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Smoljo
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saranda Bakija Alempijević
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wang J, He H, Yao X, Gao H. Atmospheric dry deposition fluxes of trace metals over the Eastern China Marginal Seas: Impact of emission controls. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162117. [PMID: 36773910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is an important exogenous input of trace metals to Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMS), which is strongly affected by human activities. With emission control practices implemented in China, it still remains unknown what changes have taken place in the atmospheric dry depositions of the trace metals over ECMS. This study aimed to estimate the atmospheric dry depositions of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd over ECMS via Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (WRF-CMAQ) in the two winter periods of January 2012 and January 2019 as well as to explore the impacts of emission control on the depositions. The anthropogenic metal emissions from China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and marine ships were investigated in this study. In 2012, the dry deposition fluxes of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd over ECMS were in the ranges of 0.50-3.4 μg m-2 d-1, 0.22-1.9 μg m-2 d-1, 0.14-0.90 μg m-2 d-1, and 12-88 ng m-2 d-1, respectively. The deposition fluxes of the four metals over Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) were 2-3 times those over East China Sea (ECS). Outflow of polluted air masses from East Asia increased the metal depositions by 3- 5-fold relative to clear days. Compared with 2012, a 5-85 % reduction in the metal depositions over ECMS were estimated in 2019, largest reductions were found over YS and BS. Meteorological variation was able to decrease or increase the metal depositions. However, the emission control only caused a reduction in the entire study region. The metal inputs to the sea were significantly lower from the ship emissions than from the continental anthropogenic emissions, although the proportion of the ship emissions in the total metal depositions rose slightly from 2012 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huize He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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12
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Zhang T, Zheng M, Sun X, Chen H, Wang Y, Fan X, Pan Y, Quan J, Liu J, Wang Y, Lyu D, Chen S, Zhu T, Chai F. Environmental impacts of three Asian dust events in the northern China and the northwestern Pacific in spring 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160230. [PMID: 36395839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In March 2021, China experienced three dust events (Dust-1, 2, 3), especially the first of which was reported as the strongest one in recent ten years. Their environmental impacts have received great attention, demanding comprehensive study to assess such impacts quantitatively. Multiple advanced measurement methods, including satellite, ground-based lidar, online aerosol speciation instrument, and biogeochemical Argo float, were applied to examine and compare the transport paths, optical and chemical properties, and impacts of these three dust events on urban air quality and marine ecosystem. The results showed that Dust-1 exhibited the largest impacts on urban area, increasing PM10 concentration in Beijing, Shuozhou, and Shijiazhuang up to 7525, 3819, and 2992 μg m-3, respectively. However, due to fast movement of the Mongolian low-pressure cyclone, the duration of northwest wind over the land was quite short (e.g., only 10 h in Beijing), which prevented the transport of dust plume to the northwestern Pacific, resulting in limited impact on the ocean. Dust-2 and Dust-3, though weaker in intensity, were transported directly to the sea, and led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll-a concentration (up to near 3 times) in the northwestern Pacific, comparing to climatological value. This indicates that the impacts of dust events on ocean was not necessarily and positively correlated to their impacts on land. Based on the analyses of land-ocean-space integrated observational data and synoptic systems, this study examined how marine ecosystem responded to three significant Asian dust events in spring 2021 and quantitatively assessed the overall impacts of mega dust storms both on land and ocean, which could also provide an interdisciplinary research methodology for future research on strong aerosol emission events such as wildfire and volcanic eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Xuehua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yubing Pan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiannong Quan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daren Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
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13
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Bhat MA, Gedik K, Gaga EO. Atmospheric micro (nano) plastics: future growing concerns for human health. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:233-262. [PMID: 36276170 PMCID: PMC9574822 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-022-01272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plastics are an integral but largely inconspicuous part of daily human routines. The present review paper uses cross-disciplinary scientific literature to examine and assess the possible effects of nanoplastics (NPs) concerning microplastics (MPs) on human health and summarizes crucial areas for future research. Although research on the nature and consequences of MPs has seen a substantial rise, only limited studies have concentrated on the atmospheric nanosized polymeric particles. However, due to the intrinsic technological complications in separating and computing them, their existence has been difficult to determine correctly. There is a consensus that these are not only existing in the environment but can get directly released or as the outcome of weathering of larger fragments, and it is believed to be that combustion can be the tertiary source of polymeric particles. NPs can have harmful consequences on human health, and their exposure may happen via ingestion, inhalation, or absorption by the skin. The atmospheric fallout of micro (nano) plastics may be responsible for contaminating the environment. Apart from this, different drivers affect the concentration of micro (nano) plastics in every environment compartment like wind, water currents, vectors, soil erosion, run-off, etc. Their high specific surface for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent priority. These NPs could potentially cause physical damage by the particles themselves and biological stress by NPs alone or by leaching additives. However, there is minimal understanding of the occurrence, distribution, abundance, and fate of NPs in the environment, partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for separating and identifying NPs from complex environmental matrices. HIGHLIGHTS Micro (nano) plastics generated may reach the soil, water, and atmospheric compartments.Atmospheric currents serve as a way to transport, leading to micro (nano) plastics pollution.Exposure to micro (nano) plastics may happen via ingestion, inhalation, or absorption by the skin.Nanoplastics may be environmentally more harmful than other plastic particles; the focus should be on defining the exact size range.Visual classification of micro (nano) plastics is poor in reliability and may also contribute to microplastics being misidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ahmad Bhat
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kadir Gedik
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Environmental Research Center (ÇEVMER), Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Eftade O. Gaga
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Environmental Research Center (ÇEVMER), Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
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14
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Sharma D, Biswas H, Chowdhury M, Silori S, Pandey M, Ray D. Phytoplankton community shift in response to experimental Cu addition at the elevated CO 2 levels (Arabian Sea, winter monsoon). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7325-7344. [PMID: 36038690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding phytoplankton community shifts under multiple stressors is becoming increasingly important. Among other combinations of stressors, the impact of trace metal toxicity on marine phytoplankton under the ocean acidification scenario is an important aspect to address. Such multiple stressor studies are rare from the Arabian Sea, one of the highest productive oceanic provinces within the North Indian Ocean. We studied the interactive impacts of copper (Cu) and CO2 enrichment on two natural phytoplankton communities from the eastern and central Arabian Sea. Low dissolved silicate (DSi < 2 µM) favoured smaller diatoms (e.g. Nitzschia sp.) and non-diatom (Phaeocystis). CO2 enrichment caused both positive (Nitzschia sp. and Phaeocystis sp.) and negative (Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp., Pseudo-nitzschia sp., Alexandrium sp., and Gymnodinium sp.) growth impacts. The addition of Cu under the ambient CO2 level (A-CO2) hindered cell division in most of the species, whereas Chla contents were nearly unaffected. Interestingly, CO2 enrichment seemed to alleviate Cu toxicity in some species (Nitzschia sp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Guinardia flaccida, and Phaeocystis) and increased their growth rates. This could be related to the cellular Cu demand and energy budget at elevated CO2 levels. Dinoflagellates were more sensitive to Cu supply compared to diatoms and prymnesiophytes and could be related to the unavailability of prey. Such community shifts in response to the projected ocean acidification, oligotrophy, and Cu pollution may impact trophic transfer and carbon cycling in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sharma
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Affiliated for PhD Under Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Haimanti Biswas
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Mintu Chowdhury
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Saumya Silori
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Medhavi Pandey
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durbar Ray
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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15
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Global deposition of potentially toxic metals via faecal material in seabird colonies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22392. [PMID: 36575210 PMCID: PMC9794694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds are known to play an important role in the geochemical cycling of macronutrients; however, their role in cycling elements of environmental interest has not been investigated. Guano is an important source of marine-derived nutrients and trace metals in seabird nesting areas, but most of the available information on this topic is derived from local studies. In the present study, we used a bioenergetic model to estimate the amounts of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) that are deposited via faecal material in seabird colonies worldwide. The findings showed that the seabirds excreted 39.3 Mg (Mg = metric ton or 1000 kg) of Cd, 35.7 Mg of Hg and 27.2 Mg of Pb annually. These amounts are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other fluxes considered in the geochemical cycling of these elements (e.g. sea-salt spray, cement production, soil loss to oceans). Most of the deposition occurs in circumpolar zones in both hemispheres and, interestingly, high proportions of the metals in the excrements occur in geochemically labile forms, which can be easily leached into coastal waters and assimilated by marine organisms.
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16
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Wang X, Wei N, Liu K, Zhu L, Li C, Zong C, Li D. Exponential decrease of airborne microplastics: From megacity to open ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157702. [PMID: 35908694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric transport has been recognized as an important route for microplastics (MPs) entering the ocean since the early 2019s, yet little data of their distribution patterns in marine air are currently available. In this study, we conducted continuous measurements of atmospheric MPs in the marine boundary layer across the western Pacific Ocean. Results suggested that synthetic MPs comprised 25.89 % of all identified particles, with the most being cotton and cellulose (51.68 %). Research revealed that atmospheric synthetic microfibers (22.54 %) are higher than the proportion of the surface oceanic synthetic microfibers (8.20 %) in the recent study. Further, the size of airborne MP fibers over open ocean is probably not the limiting factor during long-range transport. The mean abundance of atmospheric MPs over the western Pacific Ocean during sampling period was 0.841 ± 0.698 items/100 m3. Regression analysis revealed an exponential relationship between average MP abundance and average longitude of sampled stations, and the average abundance of airborne MPs in coastal megacity is three orders of magnitude higher than that in sampled marine air of western Pacific. This study provides a better understanding on the impact of atmospheric transport of MPs within the global plastic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Changxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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17
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Wu SP, Li X, Xiao SH, Zhang J, Schwab JJ. Solubility of aerosol minor and trace elements in Xiamen Island, Southeast China: Size distribution, health risk and dry deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157100. [PMID: 35779725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol element solubility is essential to evaluate the damage to the environment and human health. In this work, the size distribution of total and soluble elements in eight particle size ranges with diameter <0.25, 0.25-0.44, 0.44-1.0, 1.0-1.4, 1.4-2.5, 2.5-10, 10-16 and >16 μm was investigated in Xiamen Island, southeast China from March 2018 to June 2020. The results showed that both total and soluble elements exhibited significant size dependence without obvious seasonal variations, and their relative contributions to PM1 mass were much lower than in particles larger than 1 μm. The correlations between some elements in soluble fraction were quite different from those in total fraction and the correlations also varied with particle size due to their different solubility. The solubility of Al, Fe, Ag and Cr was relatively low compared with other elements. Moreover, the solubility of Na, Mg, Ca, Mn and Ag was less dependent on particle size while Al, Fe and other trace elements exhibited the highest solubility in PM1 and the lowest in PM>10. Overall, the solubility of elements is primarily a function of aerosol origin and size. The carcinogenic risks of metal exposure via inhalation for children (3.31 × 10-6) and adults (4.42 × 10-6) were slightly higher than the guideline of cancer risk with >60 % from V. As for non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard index values for children and adults were 1.59 and 0.53, respectively, with Mn, V and Ni together accounting for >85 % of the risk. >85 % of the size-dependent dry deposition fluxes of the selected soluble elements over the Xiamen Bay were contributed by particles larger than 10 μm due to their high deposition velocities. The atmospheric inputs of bioavailable Fe and Cu to the sea exceeded the required amounts relative to inorganic nitrogen to meet the growth of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ping Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Si-Han Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany 12203, USA
| | - James J Schwab
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany 12203, USA
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18
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Copper Requirement and Acquisition by Marine Microalgae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091853. [PMID: 36144455 PMCID: PMC9502191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is a critical metal nutrient required by marine microalgae but may be toxic when supplied in excess. Maintaining an optimal intracellular Cu content is thus fundamentally necessary for microalgae and relies on cellular regulatory metabolisms and the process of Cu uptake that buffers the variation in environmental Cu availability. In this article the current progress in understanding the Cu requirements and acquisition mechanisms of marine microalgae is reviewed. Cu requirement by microalgae is primarily determined by the amount of Cu-dependent enzymes involved in cellular metabolisms and can be adjusted by Cu-sparing pathways. Decrease in metabolic Cu quotas caused a decline in the abundance of cuproenzymes and the dependent cellular metabolisms, and an induction of Cu acquisition pathways. Conventional models of Cu uptake describe the dependence of Cu uptake rate on free Cu2+ ions or kinetically labile species. A reductive, high-affinity Cu uptake system in marine microalgae is identified which enables cells to directly utilize organically complexed Cu, highlighting the importance of cell surface Cu reduction in the marine Cu cycle. This review provides new insights into Cu uptake models that may update the existing knowledge of Cu availability in the ocean.
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Aerosol Nutrients and Their Biological Influence on the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) and Its Marginal Seas. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060842. [PMID: 35741363 PMCID: PMC9219953 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With intensifying human activities in the past decades, East Asia has recorded increasingly severe air pollution and become the second largest aerosol source on earth. The large quantity of aerosol emissions is not only a major health threat to humans, but can also be transported for a long distance and deposited in downwind seas and oceans. The aerosol contains major ions, heavy metals, and organic matters that are important external nutrients in upper oceans and potentially influence marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, the role of atmospheric deposition to oceans has received growing attention in recent years. In this paper, the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the biological effect of East Asian aerosol deposition on the northwest Pacific Ocean are reviewed, which could help us better understand the comprehensive influence of East Asian aerosols on marine ecosystems, and give insights into future research directions, especially under the future scenarios of changing human activities and climate. Abstract Atmospheric deposition is recognized as a significant source of nutrients in the surface ocean. The East Asia region is among the largest sources of aerosol emissions in the world, due to its large industrial, agricultural, and energy production. Thus, East Asian aerosols contain a large proportion of anthropogenic particles that are characterized by small size, complex composition, and high nutrient dissolution, resulting in important influences on marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles in the downwind areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). By using remote sensing, modeling, and incubation experimental methods, enhanced primary production due to the East Asian aerosol input has been observed in the NWPO, with subsequent promotion and inhibition impacts on different phytoplankton taxa. Changes of bacterial activity and diversity also occur in response to aerosol input. The impact of East Asian aerosol loadings is closely related to the amount and composition of the aerosol deposition as well as the hydrological condition of the receiving seawater. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the effects of the East Asian aerosols on microbes in the NWPO region. Future research perspectives are also proposed.
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20
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Li R, Zhang H, Wang F, Ren Y, Jia S, Jiang B, Jia X, Tang Y, Tang M. Abundance and fractional solubility of phosphorus and trace metals in combustion ash and desert dust: Implications for bioavailability and reactivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151495. [PMID: 34752860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol phosphorus (P) and trace metals derived from natural processes and anthropogenic emissions have considerable impacts on ocean ecosystems, human health, and atmospheric processes. However, the abundance and fractional solubility of P and trace metals in combustion ash and desert dust, which are two of the largest emission sources of aerosols, are still not well understood. In this study, the abundance and fractional solubility of P and trace metals in seven coal fly ash samples, two municipal waste fly ash samples, and three desert dust samples were experimentally examined. It was found that the abundance of aluminum (Al) in combustion ash was comparable or even higher than that in desert dust, and, therefore, care should be taken when using Al as a tracer of desert dust. The abundance and fractional solubility of P were higher in combustion ash, with a soluble P content ~4-6 times higher than that of the desert dust, indicating that combustion ash could be an important source of bioavailable P in the atmosphere. Except for Mn, the abundance and fractional solubility of other heavy metals were higher in the combustion ash compared to the desert dust, indicating the potential importance of combustion ash in ocean ecosystems, human health, and atmospheric processes. In contrast, both the abundance and solubility of Mn were highest in the desert dust, indicating a potentially important source of soluble Mn in the atmosphere. The fractional solubilities of P and trace metals are significantly affected by acidity and ions in the extraction solutions, and it is suggested that a buffer solution can better represent the acidity of the aqueous system in the true atmospheric environment. The results of this study improve our understanding of the sources of bioavailable and reactive P and trace metals in ambient aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaohong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Cabrerizo MJ, Medina-Sánchez JM, González-Olalla JM, Sánchez-Gómez D, Carrillo P. Microbial plankton responses to multiple environmental drivers in marine ecosystems with different phosphorus limitation degrees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151491. [PMID: 34752863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drivers are threatening the functioning of the microbial food webs and trophic interactions. Our understanding about how temperature, CO2, nutrient inputs, and solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) availability interact to alter ecosystem functioning is scarce because research has focused on single and double interactions. Moreover, the role that the degree of in situ nutrient limitation could play in the outcome of these interactions has been largely neglected, despite it is predominant in marine ecosystems. We address these uncertainties by combining remote-sensing analyses, and a collapsed experimental design with natural microbial communities from Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean exposed to temperature, nutrients, CO2, and UVR interactions. At the decade scale, we found that more intense and frequent (and longer lasting) Saharan dust inputs (and marine heatwaves) were only coupled with reduced phytoplankton biomass production. When microbial communities were concurrently exposed to future temperature, CO2, nutrient, and UVR conditions (i.e. the drivers studied over long-term scales), we found shifts from net autotrophy [primary production:respiration (PP:R) ratio > 1] towards a metabolic equilibrium (PP:R ratio ~ 1) or even a net heterotrophy (PP:R ratio < 1), as P-limitation degree was higher (i.e. Atlantic Ocean). These changes in the metabolic balance were coupled with a weakened phytoplankton-bacteria interaction (i.e. bacterial carbon demand exceeded phytoplankton carbon supply. Our work reveals that an accentuated in situ P limitation may promote reductions both in carbon uptake and fluxes between trophic levels in microbial plankton communities under global-change conditions. We show that considering long-term series can aid in identifying major local environmental drivers (i.e. temperature and nutrients in our case), easing the design of future global-change studies, but also that the abiotic environment to which microbial plankton communities are acclimated should be taken into account to avoid biased predictions concerning the effects of multiple interacting global-change drivers on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J Cabrerizo
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidad de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331 Vigo, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, C/Ramón y Cajal, n 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Sánchez-Gómez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, C/Ramón y Cajal, n 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Presentación Carrillo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, C/Ramón y Cajal, n 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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22
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Behzad H, Ohyanagi H, Alharbi B, Ibarra M, Alarawi M, Saito Y, Duarte CM, Bajic V, Mineta K, Gojobori T. A cautionary signal from the Red Sea on the impact of increased dust activity on marine microbiota. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:277. [PMID: 35392799 PMCID: PMC8991508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global climate change together with growing desertification is leading to increased dust emissions to the atmosphere, drawing attention to possible impacts on marine ecosystems receiving dust deposition. Since microorganisms play important roles in maintaining marine homeostasis through nutrient cycling and carbon flow, detrimental changes in the composition of marine microbiota in response to increased dust input could negatively impact marine health, particularly so in seas located within the Global Dust Belt. Due to its strategic location between two deserts and unique characteristics, the Red Sea provides an attractive semi-enclosed "megacosm" to examine the impacts of large dust deposition on the vastly diverse microbiota in its exceptionally warm oligotrophic waters. RESULTS We used culture-independent metagenomic approaches to assess temporal changes in the Red Sea microbiota in response to two severe sandstorms, one originated in the Nubian Desert in the summer 2016 and a second one originated in the Libyan Desert in the spring 2017. Despite differences in sandstorm origin and meteorological conditions, both sandstorms shifted bacterial and Archaeal groups in a similar mode. In particular, the relative abundance of autotrophic bacteria declined while those of heterotrophic bacteria, particularly Bacteroidetes, and Archaea increased. The changes peaked within six days from the start of sandstorms, and the community recovered the original assemblage within one month. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased dust emission with expanding desertification could lead to undesirable impacts in ocean function, enhancing heterotrophic processes while reducing autotrophic ones, thereby affecting the marine food web in seas receiving dust deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayedeh Behzad
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajime Ohyanagi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alharbi
- National Centre for Environmental Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Ibarra
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alarawi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoshimoto Saito
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Marine Open Innovation (MaOI) Institute, Shizuoka, 424-0922, Japan
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. .,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. .,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Batool I, Qadir A, Levermore JM, Kelly FJ. Dynamics of airborne microplastics, appraisal and distributional behaviour in atmosphere; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150745. [PMID: 34656602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of plastics is common across all aspects of human life owing to its durable and versatile nature. The generation and utilization of plastics are directly related to the anthropogenic activities. The extensive use of plastics and adoption of inappropriate waste-management frameworks has resulted in their release into the environment, where they may persist. Different environmental factors, such as, photochemical, thermo-oxidation, and biological degradation, can lead to the degradation of plastics into micro- (MPs) and nano-plastics (NPs). The behaviour and concentration of MPs in the terrestrial environment can depend on their size, density, and local atmospheric conditions. Microplastics and nanoplastics may enter the food web, carrying various organic pollutants, which bio-accumulate at different trophic levels, prompting organism health concerns. Microplastics being airborne identifies as new exposure route. Dietary and airborne exposure to MPs has led researchers to stress the importance of evaluating their toxicological potential. The primary goal of this paper is to explore the environmental fate of MPs from sources to sink in the terrestrial environment, as well as detail their potential impacts on human health. Additionally, this review article focuses on the presence of airborne microplastics, detailed sample pre-processing methods, and outlines analytical methods for their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Batool
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Joseph M Levermore
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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24
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Wang S, Koedooder C, Zhang F, Kessler N, Eichner M, Shi D, Shaked Y. Colonies of the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium optimize dust utilization by selective collection and retention of nutrient-rich particles. iScience 2022; 25:103587. [PMID: 35005537 PMCID: PMC8718973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichodesmium, a globally important, N2-fixing, and colony-forming cyanobacterium, employs multiple pathways for acquiring nutrients from air-borne dust, including active dust collection. Once concentrated within the colony core, dust can supply Trichodesmium with nutrients. Recently, we reported a selectivity in particle collection enabling Trichodesmium to center iron-rich minerals and optimize its nutrient utilization. In this follow-up study we examined if colonies select Phosphorus (P) minerals. We incubated 1,200 Trichodesmium colonies from the Red Sea with P-free CaCO3, P-coated CaCO3, and dust, over an entire bloom season. These colonies preferably interacted, centered, and retained P-coated CaCO3 compared with P-free CaCO3. In both studies, Trichodesmium clearly favored dust over all other particles tested, whereas nutrient-free particles were barely collected or retained, indicating that the colonies sense the particle composition and preferably collect nutrient-rich particles. This unique ability contributes to Trichodesmium's current ecological success and may assist it to flourish in future warmer oceans. Natural Trichodesmium colonies collect and maintain dust within their colony core Using synthetic particles we tested if colonies select the particles they collect Colonies selectively collect and retain nutrient-rich over nutrient-free particles Selective collection of particles optimizes their nutrient acquisition from dust
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Coco Koedooder
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel.,Israel Limnology and Oceanography Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Futing Zhang
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nivi Kessler
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meri Eichner
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Dalin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeala Shaked
- The Freddy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
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25
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Zhang C, Chu Q, Yingchun M, Yao X, Gao H. Weakened fertilization impact of anthropogenic aerosols on marine phytoplankton-A comparative analysis of dust and haze particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113162. [PMID: 34995910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although increases in air pollutants are changing chemical compositions of atmosphere, the resultant impacts on marine biogeochemistry remains elusive. We performed a collective analysis of 12 microcosm experimental data concerning treatments of dust particles (DPs, typically mineral aerosols), haze particles (HPs, typically anthropogenic aerosols), and various nutrients in varying trophic seawaters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The addition of DPs and HPs generally stimulated phytoplankton growth, as indicated by total chlorophyll a (Chl a), and shifted the phytoplankton size structure towards larger cells (> 2 µm in cell size), as indicated by size-fractionated Chl a. We further found that DP/HP-derived Chl a increase relative to the control (RCChl a) was proportional to the proportion of nitrogen (N) supplied by DPs/HPs relative to the baseline N concentration in seawater (PSN) and was higher than that in the N alone treatment when the PSN exceeded ~480%. The enhanced utilization of dissolved organic P potentially contributed to the stimulation of DPs/HPs. The slope of fitted line based on RCChl a and PSN in the DP treatments (0.14) was higher than that in the HP treatments (0.11). When the particle loading was extremely high (2 mg L-1), the addition of HPs exhibited an obvious inhibition impact on phytoplankton and was adverse to the shift of the size structure towards larger cells. These results suggest that the impact of HPs on phytoplankton is a composite result of stimulation by nutrients and inhibition by toxic matter, which may affect carbon sequestration efficiency in the ocean by regulating phytoplankton biomass and size structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Mu Yingchun
- Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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26
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Hamilton DS, Perron MMG, Bond TC, Bowie AR, Buchholz RR, Guieu C, Ito A, Maenhaut W, Myriokefalitakis S, Olgun N, Rathod SD, Schepanski K, Tagliabue A, Wagner R, Mahowald NM. Earth, Wind, Fire, and Pollution: Aerosol Nutrient Sources and Impacts on Ocean Biogeochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:303-330. [PMID: 34416126 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031921-013612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key Earth system science question is the role of atmospheric deposition in supplying vital nutrients to the phytoplankton that form the base of marine food webs. Industrial and vehicular pollution, wildfires, volcanoes, biogenic debris, and desert dust all carry nutrients within their plumes throughout the globe. In remote ocean ecosystems, aerosol deposition represents an essential new source of nutrients for primary production. The large spatiotemporal variability in aerosols from myriad sources combined with the differential responses of marine biota to changing fluxes makes it crucially important to understand where, when, and how much nutrients from the atmosphere enter marine ecosystems. This review brings together existing literature, experimental evidence of impacts, and new atmospheric nutrient observations that can be compared with atmospheric and ocean biogeochemistry modeling. We evaluate the contribution and spatiotemporal variability of nutrient-bearing aerosols from desert dust, wildfire, volcanic, and anthropogenic sources, including the organic component, deposition fluxes, and oceanic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Hamilton
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Morgane M G Perron
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Tami C Bond
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - Andrew R Bowie
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Rebecca R Buchholz
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Cecile Guieu
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Akinori Ito
- Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stelios Myriokefalitakis
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Penteli, Greece
| | - Nazlı Olgun
- Climate and Marine Sciences Division, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sagar D Rathod
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - Kerstin Schepanski
- Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wagner
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalie M Mahowald
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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27
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Yan Q, Kong S, Yan Y, Liu X, Zheng S, Qin S, Wu F, Niu Z, Zheng H, Cheng Y, Zeng X, Wu J, Yao L, Liu D, Shen G, Shen Z, Qi S. Emission and spatialized health risks for trace elements from domestic coal burning in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107001. [PMID: 34991261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residential coal combustion (RCC) emission exhibited obvious daily variation, while no real-time estimation of air pollutants from RCC has been reported, as the shortages of corresponding activity dataset and emission factors with high time resolution. A real-time monitoring platform for RCC emission was established. Hourly emission factors of 18 typed of TEs from eleven kinds of chunk coals and nine kinds of honeycomb coals burning in China were obtained. The monthly and hourly coal consumption amounts were calculated with reference and our field survey. Then the hourly TEs emission inventories from RCC were established in China. GEOS-Chem and Risk Quotients Models were utilized to map the spatialized health risks of hazardous elements, including the gridded hazard index and carcinogenic risk. The result indicated that the EFs of TEs would be underestimated if the tests only consider flaming conditions. Cu, K, Ca, Zn, and Co were the top five elements from RCC, with corresponding emission amounts as 1397.7, 1054.0, 676.0, 623.5 and 420 tons in 2017, respectively. K, Ti, Fe, Sn, and Sb showed hourly peak values under flaming dominated periods, accounting for 48.2%, 45.9%, 31.8%, 42.8%, and 33.8% of their daily emissions. Other elements (e.g., V, Co, As, Hg and Pb) exhibited higher emissions under smoldering dominated period in nighttime, accounting for 22.2%, 32.9%, 27.6%, 34.7%, and 28.4% of their daily emissions. TEs emission from RCC closely follows the habits of human daily cooking and heating activity. The national HI were lower than the acceptable level (HI ≤ 1) except Sichuan Province (up to 1.2). Higher carcinogenic risks (≥1 × 10-6) occurred in parts of Sichuan, Shanxi, Hunan and Hubei, which were up to 2.0 × 10-5. The high-resolution TEs emission inventories could be useful for future modeling works on the formation and evolution of air pollution and are helpful for human exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shurui Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fangqi Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenzhen Niu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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28
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Seok MW, Kim D, Park GH, Lee K, Kim TH, Jung J, Kim K, Park KT, Kim YH, Mo A, Park S, Ko YH, Kang J, Kim H, Kim TW. Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nutrients to the Western North Pacific Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148401. [PMID: 34166903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential impacts of atmospheric deposition on marine productivity and inorganic carbon chemistry in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (8-39°N, 125-157°E). The nutrient concentration in atmospheric total suspended particles decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the closest land-mass (Asia), clearly revealing anthropogenic and terrestrial contributions. The predicted mean depositional fluxes of inorganic nitrogen were approximately 34 and 15 μmol m-2 d-1 to the west and east of 140°E, respectively, which were at least two orders of magnitude greater than the inorganic phosphorus flux. On average, atmospheric particulate deposition would support 3-4% of the net primary production along the surveyed tracks, which is equivalent to ~2% of the dissolved carbon increment caused by the penetration of anthropogenic CO2. Our observations generally fell within the ranges observed over the past 18 years, despite an increasing trend of atmospheric pollution in the source regions during the same period, which implies high temporal and spatial variabilities of atmospheric nutrient concentration in the study area. Continued atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen deposition may alter the relative abundances of nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Seok
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseon Kim
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ha Park
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 61186 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jung
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Hun Kim
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahra Mo
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Kang
- Korean Seas Geosystem Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryun Kim
- East Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Uljin 36315, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Maki T, Lee KC, Pointing SB, Watanabe K, Aoki K, Archer SDJ, Lacap-Bugler DC, Ishikawa A. Desert and anthropogenic mixing dust deposition influences microbial communities in surface waters of the western Pacific Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148026. [PMID: 34119785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The western Pacific Ocean is particularly affected by dust aerosols due to the transport of desert-natural sand and industrially derived particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) from continental Asia. Both oligotrophic and nutrient-sufficient surface water occurs in this region and these are speculated to support different microbial community dynamics. Here, we report evidence from four shipboard experiments in the western Pacific Ocean supplying oligotrophic and nutrient-sufficient surface waters with aerosol particles obtained from the nearby coastal mountains, to simulate dust and anthropogenic aerosol inputs in the ocean region. A sharp increase in nitrate for surface waters after addition of dust aerosols resulted in large increases in diatom abundance in oligotrophic waters, whilst in nutrient-sufficient waters the response of diatom population was reduced. The increase in organic matter provided by aerosol inputs and/or increase in phytoplankton biomass induced the growth of heterotrophic prokaryotes, such as Rhodobacteraceae and Alteromonadaceae populations, in both oligotrophic and nutrient-sufficient seawater. Anthropogenic and desert-natural dust is an important source of nitrate and organics to oceanic waters and such inputs can directly affect primary production and heterotrophic prokaryotic abundance in the ocean, implying consequences for the carbon cycle in these aerosol-affected waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Maki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kevin C Lee
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B Pointing
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazuma Aoki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Stephen D J Archer
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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30
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Duan X, Guo C, Zhang C, Li H, Zhou Y, Gao H, Xia X, He H, McMinn A, Wang M. Effect of East Asian atmospheric particulate matter deposition on bacterial activity and community structure in the oligotrophic Northwest Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117088. [PMID: 33857882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of anthropogenic East Asian (EA) particulate matters (PM), containing inorganic nutrients and organic matter, are deposited in the oligotrophic Northwest Pacific Ocean. However, the effects of such deposition on marine microbes remain unclear. In this study, the effect of EA PM deposition on marine bacteria was assessed by five on-board microcosm experiments, conducted in oligotrophic basins of the South China Sea. The addition of EA PM to the sampling water induced a clear shift in bacterial community composition from prevailing oligotrophs (i.e., SAR 11 clade, Prochlorococcus, AEGEAN-169 marine group) to less common copiotrophs (i.e., Alteromonas, Ruegeria, Flavobacteriaceae) and thus a slight increase in bacterial diversity. The shift to more active community composition, as well as stimulation of PM nutrients, resulted in a large increase in cell-specific and bulk bacterial production. In contrast, there were only minor changes in bacterial abundance, possibly due to increased top-down mortality. The EA PM also exhibited a stronge toxic effect on pico-cyanobacteria, leading to a significant decrease in their proportion. Moreover, the responses of bacterial metabolism and community composition exhibited significant relationships with the hydrographic condition of the locations. Stronger promotion effects of the EA PM on bacterial production and community shift from oligotrophs to copiotrophs was demonstrated at the more oligotrophic sites with lower chlorophyll a concentrations. These results suggest that PM deposition from polluted areas has the potential to alter the typical oligotrophic microbiomes and change the net metabolic balance of the bacterial community. These will then influence the dynamics of carbon flow in microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles, especially with the trend of global warming and expansion of low-chlorophyll regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Duan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cui Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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31
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Causes and Effects of Sand and Dust Storms: What Has Past Research Taught Us? A Survey. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm14070326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Barren ground and sites with low coverage by vegetation (e.g., dunes, soil surfaces, dry lakes, and riverbeds) are the main source areas of sand and dust storms (SDS). The understanding of causes, processes (abrasion, deflation, transport, deposition), and influencing factors of sandy and dusty particles moving by wind both in the boundary layer and in the atmosphere are basic prerequisites to distinguish between SDS. Dust transport in the atmosphere modulates radiation, ocean surface temperature, climate, as well as snow and ice cover. The effects of airborne particles on land are varied and can cause advantages and disadvantages, both in source areas and in sink or deposition areas, with disturbances of natural environments and anthropogenic infrastructure. Particulate matter in general and SDS specifically can cause severe health problems in human respiratory and other organs, especially in children. Economic impacts can be equally devastating, but the costs related to SDS are not thoroughly studied. The available data show huge economic damages caused by SDS and by the mitigation of their effects. Management of SDS-related hazards utilizes remote sensing techniques, on-site observations, and protective measures. Integrated strategies are necessary during both the planning and monitoring of these measures. Such integrated strategies can be successful when they are developed and implemented in close cooperation with the local and regional population and stakeholders.
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32
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Oron S, Sadekov A, Katz T, Goodman-Tchernov B. Benthic foraminifera geochemistry as a monitoring tool for heavy metal and phosphorus pollution - A post fish-farm removal case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112443. [PMID: 34000710 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Measuring environmental contaminants in coastal areas is critical for monitoring and managing their impacts. Commonly used techniques involve repetitive field sampling, which provides a single moment in time during each effort. In this study, we examine the potential for using foraminifera in monitoring and risk assessment as recorders of bioavailable pollutants. Geochemical analysis of benthic foraminifera (Operculina ammonoides) shells sampled annually at a previous fish farm location showed extremely high levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) during the three years following the fish cages removal, with a general reduction afterwards. Levels of Cu/Ca were still more than 4-fold higher than background levels 10 years after the removal of the fish cages. Based on our finds, it is concluded that the geochemical analysis of recent benthic foraminifera shells can serve as a powerful monitoring tool of bioavailable contaminants in seawater. Additionally, the results highlight the need for heavy metal monitoring near marine aquaculture facilities and suggest that long-term effects extend spatially and temporally far beyond the original point source. Finally, we observed variations in micro-distribution of elements within the top 1-2 μm of the shells, where Cu/Ca, Zn/Ca and P/Ca are consistently higher in the chamber wall than in the septa. This observation is relevant for studies conducting single chamber analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Oron
- University of Haifa, Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon Charney School of Marine Sciences, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel.
| | - Aleksey Sadekov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timor Katz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Management and National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Beverly Goodman-Tchernov
- University of Haifa, Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon Charney School of Marine Sciences, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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33
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Sarker I, Moore LR, Tetu SG. Investigating zinc toxicity responses in marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34170816 PMCID: PMC8374608 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is a growing concern worldwide and has the potential to impact marine life via leaching of chemicals, with zinc (Zn), a common plastic additive, observed at particularly high levels in plastic leachates in previous studies. At this time, however, little is known regarding how elevated Zn affects key groups of marine primary producers. Marine cyanobacterial genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are considered to be some of the most abundant oxygenic phototrophs on earth, and together contribute significantly to oceanic primary productivity. Here we set out to investigate how two Prochlorococcus (MIT9312 and NATL2A) and two Synechococcus (CC9311 and WH8102) strains, representative of diverse ecological niches, respond to exposure to high Zn concentrations. The two genera showed differences in the timing and degree of growth and physiological responses to elevated Zn levels, with Prochlorococcus strains showing declines in their growth rate and photophysiology following exposure to 27 µg l-1 Zn, while Synechococcus CC9311 and WH8102 growth rates declined significantly on exposure to 52 and 152 µg l-1 Zn, respectively. Differences were also observed in each strain's capacity to maintain cell wall integrity on exposure to different levels of Zn. Our results indicate that excess Zn has the potential to pose a challenge to some marine picocyanobacteria and highlights the need to better understand how different marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains may respond to increasing concentrations of Zn in some marine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sarker
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,MQ Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa R Moore
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,MQ Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol deposition (wet and dry) is an important source of macro and micronutrients (N, P, C, Si, and Fe) to the oceans. Most of the mass flux of air particles is made of fine mineral particles emitted from arid or semi-arid areas (e.g., deserts) and transported over long distances until deposition to the oceans. However, this atmospheric deposition is affected by anthropogenic activities, which heavily impacts the content and composition of aerosol constituents, contributing to the presence of potentially toxic elements (e.g., Cu). Under this scenario, the deposition of natural and anthropogenic aerosols will impact the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and toxic elements in the ocean, also affecting (positively or negatively) primary productivity and, ultimately, the marine biota. Given the importance of atmospheric aerosol deposition to the oceans, this paper reviews the existing knowledge on the impacts of aerosol deposition on the biogeochemistry of the upper ocean, and the different responses of marine biota to natural and anthropogenic aerosol input.
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35
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Souza IDC, Arrivabene HP, Azevedo VC, Duarte ID, Rocha LD, Matsumoto ST, Franco A, Elliott M, Wunderlin DA, Monferrán MV, Fernandes MN. Different trophodynamics between two proximate estuaries with differing degrees of pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144651. [PMID: 33736395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are complex ecosystems with widely varying abiotic factors such as salinity, pH, redox potential, substratum particle size, dissolved organic matter and xenobiotic concentrations, and a high biodiversity. This paper presents the trophodynamic pathways of accumulation and transfer of metals and metalloids (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Pb and Hg), in three trophic chains (plant-crab-fish, plankton-shrimp-fish and plankton-oyster) of similar food webs, corresponding to two mangrove estuaries (Santa Cruz and Vitória Bay, separated by 70 km) in the Espírito Santo State (Brazil). Although the trophic transfer patterns are affected by physical variables, metal and metalloids were found in all trophic levels. We observed similar trophodynamics between both estuaries with some elements, but unequal transfer patterns in other cases, thus questioning the effectiveness of 15N to determine the food chain when the aquatic biota is affected by anthropogenic contaminants. Thus, in the Santa Cruz estuary, most metals were biomagnified through the food web. Conversely, Vitória Bay presented mostly biodilution, suggesting that metal/metalloid transference patterns in mangrove ecosystems may be affected by different anthropogenic contamination inputs. These results indicate the importance of knowing the complete food web when evaluating the trophic transfer of elements, including an evaluation of the differential impact of pollution on diverse components of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara da C Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hiulana P Arrivabene
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius C Azevedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ian D Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Livia D Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia T Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Anita Franco
- Estuarine and Marine Ecological Consultant, Hull HU5 3SF, UK.
| | - Michael Elliott
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists Ltd., Leven HU17 5LQ, UK.
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Institute of Food Science and Technology Córdoba, CONICET and Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, National University of Cordoba, University Campus, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Institute of Food Science and Technology Córdoba, CONICET and Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, National University of Cordoba, University Campus, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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36
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Marcinek S, Chapoulie A, Salaün P, Smith S, Omanović D. Revised application of copper ion selective electrode (Cu-ISE) in marine waters: A new meta-calibration approach. Talanta 2021; 226:122170. [PMID: 33676712 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a bio-essential trace element that is of concerns due to its potential toxicity at concentrations commonly encountered in coastal waters. Here, we revisit the applicability of Cu(II) ion selective electrode (Cu-ISE) based on a jalpaite membrane for the measurement of Cufree in seawater. At high total Cu concentration (>0.1 mM), (near)Nernstian slope was obtained and determination of Cufree down to fM levels was possible. However, this slope decreases with decreasing total Cu concentration (e.g. 7 mV/decade at 15 nM total Cu) making the use of a common single calibration approach unreliable. To solve this problem, we carried out several calibrations at different levels of total Cu (15 nM - 1 mM) and ethylenediamine (EN: 5 μM - 15 mM) and fitted the calibration parameters (slope and intercept) as a function of total Cu using the Gompertz function (a meta-calibration approach). The derived empirical equations allowed the determination of Cufree at any total Cu concentration above 20 nM (determination of Cufree at lower total Cu levels is prevented by the dissolution of the electrode). We successfully tested this meta-calibration approach in UV digested seawater in presence of a synthetic ligand (EN), isolated natural organic matter (humic acid, HA) and in a natural estuarine sample. In each case, our meta-calibration approach provided a good agreement with modeled speciation data (Visual MINTEQ), while standard single approach failed. We provide here a new method for the direct determination of the free Cu ion concentration in seawater at levels relevant for coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Marcinek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arnaud Chapoulie
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure D'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Pascal Salaün
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Scott Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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37
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Glasner B, Henríquez-Castillo C, Alfaro FD, Trefault N, Andrade S, De la Iglesia R. Decoupling of biotic and abiotic patterns in a coastal area affected by chronic metal micronutrients disturbances. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:111608. [PMID: 33838915 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal systems are highly productive areas for primary productivity and ecosystem services and host a large number of human activities. Since industrialization, metal micronutrients in these regions have increased. Phytoplankton use metals as micronutrients in metabolic processes, but in excess, had deleterious effects. In coastal systems, picoeukaryotes represent a diverse and abundant group with widespread distribution and fundamental roles in biogeochemical cycling. We combined different approaches to explore picoeukaryotes seasonal variability in a chronically metal polluted coastal area at the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. Through remote and field measurements to monitor environmental conditions and 18S rRNA gene sequencing for taxonomic profiling, we determined metal chronic effect on picoeukaryote community's structure. Our results revealed a stable richness and a variable distribution of the relative abundance, despite the physicochemical seasonal variations. These results suggest that chronic metal contamination influences temporal heterogeneity of picoeukaryote communities, with a decoupling between abiotic and biotic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Glasner
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Henríquez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - F D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Trefault
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Andrade
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - R De la Iglesia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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38
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Krupnik N, Asis DT, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Israel Á, Paytan A, Meiri D, Herut B, Rahav E. Dust-borne microbes affect Ulva ohnoi's growth and physiological state. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6129349. [PMID: 33544820 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine macroalgae Ulva sp. is considered an ecosystem engineer in rocky shores of temperate waters worldwide. Ulva sp. harbors a rich diversity of associated microbial epibionts, which are known to affect the algae's typical morphological development and 'health'. We examined the interaction between airborne microbes derived from atmospheric aerosols and Ulva ohnoi growth and physiological state. Specifically, we measured U. ohnoi growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), alongside its microbial epibionts abundance, activity and diversity following dust (containing nutrients and airborne microorganisms) or UV-treated dust (only nutrients) amendments to filtered seawater. Parallel incubations with epibionts-free U. ohnoi (treated with antibiotics that removed the algae epibionts) were also tested to specifically examine if dust-borne microbes can replenish the epibiont community of U. ohnoi. We show that viable airborne microbes can restore U. ohnoi natural microbial epibionts communities, thereby keeping the seaweed alive and 'healthy'. These results suggest that microbes delivered through atmospheric aerosols can affect epiphyte biodiversity in marine flora, especially in areas subjected to high annual atmospheric dust deposition such as the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Krupnik
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel.,Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dorin Theodora Asis
- Department of Evolutionary and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Álvaro Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Adina Paytan
- Institute of Marine Science, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - David Meiri
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona 8030, Haifa, 310800, Israel
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39
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Zhao P, Lu W, Hong Y, Chen J, Dong S, Huang Q. Long-term wet precipitation of PM 2.5 disturbed the gut microbiome and inhibited the growth of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142512. [PMID: 33011596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wet precipitation, as an important process of geochemical cycling and the most effective way of cleaning fine atmospheric particles (PM2.5), can introduce the toxic substances in the atmosphere into the water environment. The adverse effect of wet precipitation of PM2.5 on marine fish is still unclear. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from six locations along coastal areas of the south China sea for 30 days and used to simulate the impacts of multiday discontinuity wet precipitation of PM2.5 on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) in the case of 30 days discontinuity heavy rain (rainfall ≥ 7.6 mm/h and persist 1 h each day). Results showed that wet precipitation of PM2.5 significantly inhibited the body weight gain of fish. In accordance, the size and number of lipid droplets in liver of the exposed groups were lower than those in normal control (NC) group. The expressions of genes involving in lipid degradation including lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase gene (CPT) were up-regulated after exposure. The composition, diversity and function of gut microbiome were affected by wet precipitation of PM2.5. PM2.5 from industrial areas that have higher concentrations of metal profiles show more obvious impacts than PM2.5 from agricultural leisure areas that possessed lower concentrations. All together, the results indicated that wet precipitation of PM2.5 can decrease the diversity of gut microbiome, affect the lipid metabolism, and finally suppress the growth of marine medaka. It confirmed the potential ecological risks of long-term rainfall in air pollution areas to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiang Zhao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Sijun Dong
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Responses of Primary Productivity and Phytoplankton Community to the Atmospheric Nutrient Deposition in the East China Sea. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the surface seawater may significantly affect marine phytoplankton growth. Two in situ bioassay experiments were performed in the East China Sea (ECS) by adding nutrients (N, P, and Si) and atmospheric aerosols into the surface seawater. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were largely enhanced by simultaneous input of N and P with the maximal increase of 0.68–0.78 μg Chl a per μmol N addition. This Chl a increment was significantly lower (0.19–0.47 μg) in aerosol treatments as a result of initial N-replete condition (N/P ratio ~50) and extremely high N/P ratio in aerosols (>300). Among the multiple influencing factors, atmospheric dry flux of NH4+ + NO3− (AN) was found to be an effective predictor for springtime Chl a in the ECS with a time lag of three days and were strongly correlated with Chl a concentrations on day 3 (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), which might be partly explained by the asynchronous supplies of N (atmospheric deposition) and P (subsurface water). Although dinoflagellates dominated the phytoplankton community in both initial seawaters, additions of P and N + P + Si profoundly enhanced the cell densities and dominance of diatom species Thalassiosira sp. and Nitzschia closterium in the 2012 and 2014 bioassay experiments, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of dinoflagellates were promoted by adding higher NH4+/NO3− ratio (6/4 vs. 1/9) when silicate was at a low concentration (~2 μmol L−1). Atmospheric deposition is likely to be an important N source supporting the high primary production in the ECS and its supply of excess N relative to P may influence dominant phytoplankton groups.
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Vasudevan U, Gantayat RR, Chidambaram S, Prasanna MV, Venkatramanan S, Devaraj N, Nepolian M, Ganesh N. Microbial contamination and its associations with major ions in shallow groundwater along coastal Tamil Nadu. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1069-1088. [PMID: 32940833 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbes in groundwater play a key role in determining the drinking water quality of the water. The study aims to interpret the sources of microbes in groundwater and its relationship to geochemistry. The study was carried out by collecting groundwater samples and analyzed to obtain various cations and anions, where HCO3-, Cl- and NO3- found to be higher than permissible limits in few samples. Microbial analysis, like total coliform (TC), total viable counts (TVC), fecal coliforms (FC), Vibrio cholera (V. cholerae) and total Streptococci (T. streptococci) were analyzed, and the observations reveal that most of the samples were found to be above the permissible limits adopted by EU, BIS, WHO and USEPA standards. Correlation analysis shows good correlation between Mg2+-HCO3-, K+-NO3-, TVC- V. cholerae and T. streptococci-FC. Major ions like Mg+, K+, NO3, Ca2+ and PO4 along with TS and FC were identified to control the geochemical and microbial activities in the region. The magnesium hardness in the groundwater is inferred to influence the TVC and V. cholerae. The mixing of effluents from different sources reflected the association of Cl with TC. Population of microbes T. streptococci and FC was mainly associated with Ca and Cl content in groundwater, depicting the role of electron acceptors and donors. The sources of the microbial population were observed with respect to the land use pattern and the spatial distribution of hydrogeochemical factors in the region. The study inferred that highest microbial activity in the observed in the residential areas, cultivated regions and around the landfill sites due to the leaching of sewage water and fertilizers runoff into groundwater. The concentrations of ions and microbes were found to be above the permissible limits of drinking water quality standards. This may lead to the deterioration in the health of particular coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Vasudevan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
| | - Rakesh Roshan Gantayat
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - S Chidambaram
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
- Water Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - M V Prasanna
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - N Devaraj
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
| | - M Nepolian
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
| | - N Ganesh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
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42
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Li H, Chen Y, Zhou S, Wang F, Yang T, Zhu Y, Ma Q. Change of dominant phytoplankton groups in the eutrophic coastal sea due to atmospheric deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141961. [PMID: 32889319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient stoichiometry and input of trace metals may profoundly affect the growth and community structure of phytoplankton. A bioassay experiment was designed to explore the key components in atmospheric deposition that affect marine phytoplankton growth by adding aerosols and analogues nutrients and Cu to the surface water of the coastal East China Sea (ECS). Our results showed that atmospheric deposition along with the input of phosphate could largely enhance the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in this eutrophic water. Phosphorus addition lifted the proportions of T. oceanica in Diatoms and B. brevisulcata in Dinoflagellates. T. oceanica replaced S. costatum and became the dominant diatom species after the Chl a peak, probably associated with the N/P ratio approaching to 16. Atmospheric aerosols containing affluent N and little P showed limited promotion to Chl a, and the positive effect was very likely due to the soluble Cu and other trace metals supplied by the aerosol. Moreover, soluble aerosol Cu was found to be conducive to the relative abundance of most dominant class Coscinodiscophyceae, and both soluble aerosol Fe and Cu seemed to be very important for increasing the proportion of S. costatum. Soluble metals could be the key components in aerosols controlling the phytoplankton composition in the eutrophic sea and such impact might exceed affluent P provided by other exogenous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shengqian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianjiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China
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43
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Moradi M, Moradi N. Correlation between concentrations of chlorophyll-a and satellite derived climatic factors in the Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111728. [PMID: 33038635 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monthly mean satellite derived Chl-a, aerosols, wind, SST, PAR, and turbidity datasets were used to investigate the possible factors regulating phytoplankton variability in the Persian Gulf. The spatial correlation analysis revealed two distinct regions of SST and PAR, and a relatively uniform spatial correlation pattern of the other parameters. The cross correlation between aeolian dusts and Chl-a was significantly positive with 1-3 months offset. The pattern of spatial correlation between Chl-a and SST was positive in the shallow regions without time lag, and was negative with time offset of 3-5 months in deeper regions. The cross correlation between Chl-a and north-ward winds were positive with time lags of 1-3 months. Vertical mixing under the influence of north-ward winds in the deeper region, availability of light and nutrients in the shallow regions, and dust fertilizations over the whole area were suggested to be the major controlling factors regulating phytoplankton growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moradi
- Iranian National Institute of Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nooshin Moradi
- Faculty of Mathematical Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Bio-Aerosols Negatively Affect Prochlorococcus in Oligotrophic Aerosol-Rich Marine Regions. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is a dominant photoautotroph in many oligotrophic Low-Nutrients-Low-Chlorophyll (LNLC) regions. While the chemical impact of aerosols upon interaction with surface seawater was documented in numerous studies, we show that Prochlorococcus cells are affected also by bio-aerosols (potentially biological agents in the dust/aerosols such as membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, small-size bacteria and/or viruses), resulting in lower surface seawater abundances in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea. We conducted experimental amendments of ‘live’ aerosol/dust particles and aerosol filtrates (<0.22-µm) to surface Southeastern Mediterranean seawater or to pure Prochlorococcus cultures (MED4). Results show a significant decline in cell biomass (<90%), while UV-sterilized aerosols elicited a much weaker and non-significant response (~10%). We suggest that the difference is due to a negative effect of bio-aerosols specific to Prochlorococcus. Accordingly, the dominance of Synechococcus over Prochlorococcus throughout the surface Mediterranean Sea (observed mainly in spring when atmospheric aerosol levels are relatively high) and the lack of spatial westward gradient in Prochlorococcus biomass as typically observed for chlorophyll-a or other cyanobacteria may be attributed, at least to some extent, to the impact of bio-aerosol deposition across the basin. Predictions for enhanced desertification and increased dust emissions may intensify the transport and potential impact of bio-aerosols in LNLC marine systems.
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45
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Liu LL, Hsieh CY, Kuo MY, Chen C, Shau YH, Lui HK, Yuan CS, Chen CTA. Evidence for Fossil Fuel PM 1 Accumulation in Marine Biota. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4068-4078. [PMID: 32164416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When fine particulates such as those with a diameter of approximately 1 μm (particulate matter, PM1) are released from fossil fuel combustion into the air, they warm the atmosphere and contribute to millions of premature deaths in humans each year. Considerable quantities of PM1 eventually enter the oceans as suspended particulates, yet subsequent removal mechanisms are poorly understood. In fact, the presence of PM1 in marine biota has never been reported. Since sea anemones are opportunistic suspension feeders, they are anticipated to incorporate and accumulate PM1 in their bodies. By histological examination, PM1 was detected in 21 of the 22 sea anemones collected from Taiwan and Southeast China, with a depth of intertidal zone to 1000 m. PM1, if present, was always detected in endodermal layers and had the same dominant color (i.e., black, brown, or green) in different species from the same site. The bioaccumulation factor of PM1 in sea anemones was approximately 5-7 orders of magnitude. Based on radioisotope 14C results, the contribution of fossil fuel source PM1 was 8-24%. Regardless of PM1's color, S and Fe were commonly detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), suggesting anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, a maternal transfer of materials was suggested based on the existence of PM1 in sea anemone eggs and in brooding and released juveniles. The significance of PM1 accumulation by biota in aquatic ecosystems and the potential risk to living organisms via food webs warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Liu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Kuo
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chienhsun Chen
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Shau
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Impact of the Paleoclimate, Paleoenvironment, and Algae Bloom: Organic Matter Accumulation in the Lacustrine Lucaogou Formation of Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shale oil exploration has been a key area of onshore oil and gas exploration in China in recent years. In this study, organic geochemistry and element geochemistry are united to study the shale oil and source rock in the Lucaogou formation of Jimusar sag, in order to reveal the paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, source of organic matter, and factors affecting organic matter accumulation and shale oil generation. The shale oil in the study area is mainly accumulated in two strata with good reservoir properties and oiliness, known as the upper sweet spot and lower sweet spot. Indexes of biomarkers and sensitive elements revealed the warm and semi-arid paleoclimate during Lucaogou formation, and the water column was brackish to salty. Water stratification caused a suboxic to anoxic environment in the deep-water column and coincided with the anoxic photic zone phenomenon. Compared with the lower sweet spot, the more humid climate, deeper and fresher water, and stronger water stratification characterize the upper sweet spot during sedimentation. This made the photic zone with freshwater more suitable for the reproduction of algae in the upper sweet spot. Meanwhile, the organic matter was well-preserved in the anoxic zone. Volcanic ash caused algae bloom, which promoted primary productivity and ensured the supply of organic matter. The composition and distribution pattern of biomarkers prove that phytoplankton is the most important source of organic matter in the study area and the contribution of higher plants is insignificant. The relationship between parameters of paleoproductivity and the redox condition versus total organic carbon (TOC) suggests that compared with the preservation conditions, the input of organic carbon is the most important controlling factor of organic matter accumulation in the study area.
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Sharma D, Biswas H, Silori S, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaik AU, Cardinal D, Mandeng-Yogo M, Ray D. Impacts of Zn and Cu enrichment under ocean acidification scenario on a phytoplankton community from tropical upwelling system. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104880. [PMID: 32072984 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing dissolution of CO2 in the surface ocean is rapidly decreasing its pH and changing carbon chemistry which is further affecting marine biota in several ways. Phytoplankton response studies under the combination of elevated CO2 and trace metals are rare. We have conducted two consecutive onboard incubation experiments (R. V. Sindhu Sadhana; August 2017) in the eastern Arabian Sea (SW coast of India) during an upwelling event. A nutrient enriched diatom bloom was initiated onboard and grown under ambient (≈400 μatm, A-CO2) and high CO2 levels (≈1000 μatm; H-CO2) with different zinc (Zn; 1 nM) and copper (Cu) concentrations (1 nM, 2 nM and 8 nM). Phytoplankton community composition and the dominant genera were different during these two experiments. CO2 enrichment alone did not show any significant growth stimulating impact on the experimental community except enhanced cell density in the first experiment. Addition of Zn at A-CO2 level revealed no noticeable responses; whereas, the same treatment under H-CO2 level significantly reduced cell number. Considerably high protein content under H-CO2+Zn treatment was possibly counteracting Zn toxicity which also caused slower growth rate. Cu addition did not show any noticeable impact on growth and biomass production except increased protein content as well as decreased carbohydrate: protein ratio. This can be attributed to relatively higher protein synthesis than carbohydrate to alleviate oxidative stress generated by Cu. The centric diatom Chaetoceros and toxin producing pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia showed no significant response to either CO2 or Zn enrichment. Large centric diatom Leptocylindrus and Skeletonema responded positively to Zn addition in both CO2 levels. The former species showed the most sensitive response at the highest Cu and H-CO2 treatment; whereas, the pennate diatoms Nitzschia and Pseudo-nitzschia (toxigenic diatom) showed higher resilience under elevated CO2 and Cu levels. This observation indicated that in future ocean, increasing CO2 concentrations and trace metal pollution may potentially alter phytoplankton community structure and may facilitate toxigenic diatom bloom in the coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sharma
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Haimanti Biswas
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Saumya Silori
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - D Bandyopadhyay
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Aziz urRahman Shaik
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Damien Cardinal
- Laboratoire d'Océanographieet du Climat:Expérimentations et ApprochesNumériques (LOCEAN UMR7159, SU, IRD, CNRS, MNHN), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Magloire Mandeng-Yogo
- LOCEAN (UMR7159, SU, IRD, CNRS, MNHN) -Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Durbar Ray
- CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
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Hou R, Chen X, Li K, Gao H, Zhao Y. Microcosm experiments reveal Asian dust deposition stimulates growth and reduces diversity in bacterioplankton of the China Seas. ECOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2019.1681090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuiran Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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49
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Microplastics in Urban Environments: Sources, Pathways, and Distribution. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gaonkar CV, Kumar A, Matta VM, Kurian S. Assessment of crustal element and trace metal concentrations in atmospheric particulate matter over a coastal city in the Eastern Arabian Sea. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:78-92. [PMID: 31613714 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1680458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Major/crustal elements (Al, Ca, Mg, K, and Fe) and trace metals (Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) in atmospheric particulate matter at three sites in Goa (a coastal city in the Eastern Arabian Sea) were assessed during winter (December) and summer (March-May) months of 2015. A significant spatial and temporal variability was observed in PM10 mass concentration, crustal element, and trace metal composition at the sampling area (pristine, urban, and industrial locations). Using a diagnostic crustal element ratio (Fe/Al, Ca/Al, and Mg/Al), mineral dust components were characterized and found to show large spatial and temporal variability. The concentration levels of trace metals were further assessed for enrichment factor (EF) analysis, wherein reported elements were classified into two major groups. The first group consists of Cr, Cu, and Pb with 10< EF < 100 compared to continental crustal values (w.r.t. Al), suggesting a dominant contribution from anthropogenic sources with minor contribution from natural sources; the second group consists of Zn and Ni showing very high EF (>100)-these are solely derived from anthropogenic sources. Source identification for trace metals was further assessed based on principle component analysis (PCA). PCA highlights that the major contribution of trace metals is from anthropogenic emissions at all three locations. However, contributions from mineral dust were observed at pristine and urban locations during winter months. The reported data of trace metal concentrations in aerosols give baseline information on the atmospheric supply of micronutrients to the Arabian Sea, which has implications for the various surface ocean biogeochemical processes.Implications: This paper reports on crustal and trace metal composition and concentration level in atmospheric aerosols over a coastal city located on the Eastern Arabian Sea. This study highlights the role of various factors (meteorology and emission sources) controlling the abundance of metals over a coastal site. The contribution from various sources (anthropogenic vis-à-vis natural) has also been identified using enrichment factor analysis as well as principle component analysis. This study has implications for the supply of micronutrients to the coastal Arabian Sea, which can significantly impact various surface ocean biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V Gaonkar
- The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Doan Paula, India
| | - Vishnu Murty Matta
- The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Doan Paula, India
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