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He S, Luo Y, Ma W, Wang X, Yan C, Hao W, Fang Y, Su H, Lai B, Liu J, Xiong Y, Bai T, Ren X, Liu E, Han H, Wu Y, Yuan Z, Wang Y. Endothelial POFUT1 controls injury-induced liver fibrosis by repressing fibrinogen synthesis. J Hepatol 2024; 81:135-148. [PMID: 38460791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS NOTCH signaling in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) regulates liver fibrosis, a pathological feature of chronic liver diseases. POFUT1 is an essential regulator of NOTCH signaling. Here, we investigated the role of LSEC-expressed POFUT1 in liver fibrosis. METHODS Endothelial-specific Pofut1 knockout mice were generated and experimental liver fibrosis was induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride exposure or common bile duct ligation. Liver samples were assessed by ELISA, histology, electron microscopy, immunostaining and RNA in situ hybridization. LSECs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated for gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing, qPCR, and western blotting. Signaling crosstalk between LSECs and HSCs was investigated by treating HSCs with supernatant from LSEC cultures. Liver single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from patients with cirrhosis and healthy individuals were analyzed to evaluate the clinical relevance of gene expression changes observed in mouse studies. RESULTS POFUT1 loss promoted injury-induced LSEC capillarization and HSC activation, leading to aggravated liver fibrosis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that POFUT1 deficiency upregulated fibrinogen expression in LSECs. Consistently, fibrinogen was elevated in LSECs of patients with cirrhosis. HSCs treated with supernatant from LSECs of Pofut1 null mice showed exacerbated activation compared to those treated with supernatant from control LSECs, and this effect was attenuated by knockdown of fibrinogen or by pharmacological inhibition of fibrinogen receptor signaling, altogether suggesting that LSEC-derived fibrinogen induced the activation of HSCs. Mechanistically, POFUT1 loss augmented fibrinogen expression by enhancing NOTCH/HES1/STAT3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial POFUT1 prevents injury-induced liver fibrosis by repressing the expression of fibrinogen, which functions as a profibrotic paracrine signal to activate HSCs. Therapies targeting the POFUT1/fibrinogen axis offer a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of fibrotic liver diseases. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Paracrine signals produced by liver vasculature play a major role in the development of liver fibrosis, which is a pathological hallmark of most liver diseases. Identifying those paracrine signals is clinically relevant in that they may serve as therapeutic targets. In this study, we discovered that genetic deletion of Pofut1 aggravated experimental liver fibrosis in mouse models. Moreover, fibrinogen was identified as a downstream target repressed by Pofut1 in liver endothelial cells and functioned as a novel paracrine signal that drove liver fibrosis. In addition, fibrinogen was found to be relevant to cirrhosis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for this devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuru Luo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wangge Ma
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengrong Yan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyang Hao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cardiology, Wenling First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China.
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Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Analysis of endogenous NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts reveals the importance of the O-fucose modification on EGF12 in human development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae047. [PMID: 38976017 PMCID: PMC11249915 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor interacting with membrane-tethered ligands on opposing cells that mediate the direct cell-cell interaction necessary for many cell fate decisions. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) adds O-fucose to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain, which is required for trafficking and signaling activation. We previously showed that POFUT1 S162L caused a 90% loss of POFUT1 activity and global developmental defects in a patient; however, the mechanism by which POFUT1 contributes to these symptoms is still unclear. Compared to controls, POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblast cells had an equivalent amount of NOTCH1 on the cell surface but showed a 60% reduction of DLL1 ligand binding and a 70% reduction in JAG1 ligand binding. To determine if the reduction of O-fucose on NOTCH1 in POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts was the cause of these effects, we immunopurified endogenous NOTCH1 from control and patient fibroblasts and analyzed O-fucosylation using mass spectral glycoproteomics methods. NOTCH1 EGF8 to EGF12 comprise the ligand binding domain, and O-fucose on EGF8 and EGF12 physically interact with ligands to enhance affinity. Glycoproteomics of NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts showed WT fucosylation levels at all sites analyzed except for a large decrease at EGF9 and the complete absence of O-fucose at EGF12. Since the loss of O-fucose on EGF12 is known to have significant effects on NOTCH1 activity, this may explain the symptoms observed in the POFUT1 S162L patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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Li Q, Guo W, Qian Y, Li S, Li L, Zhu Z, Wang F, Tong Y, Xia Q, Liu Y. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 promotes PD-L1 stability to drive immune evasion and directs liver cancer to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008917. [PMID: 38908854 PMCID: PMC11328658 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in cancer progression and immunotherapy response. Despite the considerable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, the limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge for its clinical implications. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) that drives HCC immune evasion and explored a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing ICB efficacy. METHODS De novo MYC/Trp53-/- liver tumor and the xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the function of POFUT1 in immune evasion. Biochemical assays were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of POFUT1-mediated immune evasion. RESULTS We identified POFUT1 as a crucial promoter of immune evasion in liver cancer. Notably, POFUT1 promoted HCC progression and inhibited T-cell infiltration in the xenograft tumor and de novo MYC/Trp53-/- mouse liver tumor models. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that POFUT1 stabilized programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by preventing tripartite motif containing 21-mediated PD-L1 ubiquitination and degradation independently of its protein-O-fucosyltransferase activity. In addition, we further demonstrated that PD-L1 was required for the tumor-promoting and immune evasion effects of POFUT1 in HCC. Importantly, inhibition of POFUT1 could synergize with anti-programmed death receptor 1 therapy by remodeling TME in the xenograft tumor mouse model. Clinically, POFUT1 high expression displayed a lower response rate and worse clinical outcome to ICB therapies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that POFUT1 functions as a novel regulator of tumor immune evasion and inhibition of POFUT1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of immune therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Qian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songling Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Yang F, Zhu T, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wen J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Ren X, Chen A, Wang X, Wang L, Lv X, Yang W, Qu C, Wang H, Ning Z, Qu L. Whole genome resequencing reveals genomic regions related to red plumage in ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103694. [PMID: 38663207 PMCID: PMC11068611 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plumage color is a characteristic trait of ducks that originates as a result of natural and artificial selection. As a conspicuous phenotypic feature, it is a breed characteristic. Previous studies have identified some genes associated with the formation of black and white plumage in ducks. However, studies on the genetic basis underlying the red plumage phenotype in ducks are limited. Here, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and selection signal detection (Fst, θπ ratio, and cross-population composite likelihood ratio [XP-CLR]) were conducted to identify candidate regions and genes underlying duck plumage color phenotype. Selection signal detection revealed 29 overlapping genes (including ENPP1 and ULK1) significantly associated with red plumage color in Ji'an Red ducks. ENSAPLG00000012679, ESRRG, and SPATA5 were identified as candidate genes associated with red plumage using GWAS. Selection signal detection revealed that 19 overlapping genes (including GMDS, PDIA6, and ODC1) significantly correlated with light brown plumage in Brown Tsaiya ducks. GWAS to narrow down the significant regions further revealed nine candidate genes (AKT1, ATP6V1C2, GMDS, LRP4, MAML3, PDIA6, PLD5, TMEM63B, and TSPAN8). Notably, in Brown Tsaiya ducks, GMDS, ODC1, and PDIA6 exhibit significantly differentiated allele frequencies among other feather-colored ducks, while in Ji'an Red ducks, ENSAPLG00000012679 has different allele frequency distributions compared with that in other feather-colored ducks. This study offers new insights into the variation and selection of the red plumage phenotype using GWAS and selective signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangxi Yang
- Beijing Nankou Duck Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhui Wen
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufang Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wang
- VVBK Animal Medical Diagnostic Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xueze Lv
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weifang Yang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Qu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Huie Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Analysis of endogenous NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts reveals the importance of the O -fucose modification on EGF12 in human development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588484. [PMID: 38645096 PMCID: PMC11030454 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
NOTCH1 (N1) is a transmembrane receptor interacting with membrane-tethered ligands on opposing cells that mediate the direct cell-cell interaction necessary for many cell fate decisions. Protein O -fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) adds O -fucose to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain, which is required for trafficking and signaling activation. We previously showed that POFUT1 S162L caused a 90% loss of POFUT1 activity and global developmental defects in a patient; however, the mechanism by which POFUT1 contributes to these symptoms is still unclear. Compared to controls, POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblast cells had an equivalent amount of N1 on the cell surface but showed a 60% reduction of DLL1 ligand binding and a 70% reduction in JAG1 ligand binding. To determine if the reduction of O -fucose on N1 in POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts was the cause of these effects, we immunopurified endogenous N1 from control and patient fibroblasts and analyzed O -fucosylation using mass spectral glycoproteomics methods. N1 EGF8 to EGF12 comprise the ligand binding domain, and O -fucose on EGF8 and EGF12 physically interact with ligands to enhance affinity. Glycoproteomics of N1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts showed WT fucosylation levels at all sites analyzed except for a large decrease at EGF9 and the complete absence of O -fucose at EGF12. Since the loss of O -fucose on EGF12 is known to have significant effects on N1 activity, this may explain the symptoms observed in the POFUT1 S162L patient.
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McCracken IR, Smart N. Control of coronary vascular cell fate in development and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:50-61. [PMID: 37714806 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronary vasculature consists of a complex hierarchal network of arteries, veins, and capillaries which collectively function to perfuse the myocardium. However, the pathways controlling the temporally and spatially restricted mechanisms underlying the formation of this vascular network remain poorly understood. In recent years, the increasing use and refinement of transgenic mouse models has played an instrumental role in offering new insights into the cellular origins of the coronary vasculature, as well as identifying a continuum of transitioning cell states preceding the full maturation of the coronary vasculature. Coupled with the emergence of single cell RNA sequencing platforms, these technologies have begun to uncover the key regulatory factors mediating the convergence of distinct cellular origins to ensure the formation of a collectively functional, yet phenotypically diverse, vascular network. Furthermore, improved understanding of the key regulatory factors governing coronary vessel formation in the embryo may provide crucial clues into future therapeutic strategies to reactivate these developmentally functional mechanisms to drive the revascularisation of the ischaemic adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McCracken
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom.
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Kondo Y, Li Y, Okajima T. Efficient Escorting Strategy for Aggregation-Prone Notch EGF Repeats with Sparcl1. Molecules 2024; 29:1031. [PMID: 38474544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats are present in various proteins and form well-defined structures with three disulfide bonds. One representative protein is the Notch receptor. Each EGF repeat contains unique atypical O-linked glycans, such as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). To generate a monoclonal antibody against the O-GlcNAc moiety in mouse Notch1, we expressed the recombinant C-terminal His6-tagged Notch1 EGF14-15 protein in HEK293T cells to prepare the immunogen. Most of the proteins were not secreted and showed higher molecular weight ladders in the cell lysate, suggesting protein aggregation. To overcome this issue, we fused Sparcl1 as an extracellular escorting tag to the N-terminus of Notch1 EGF14-15. The fusion protein was efficiently secreted extracellularly without protein aggregates in the lysates. Following PreScission protease treatment, Notch1 EGF14-15 was efficiently released from the escorting tag. Notch1 EGF14-15 prepared using this method was indeed O-GlcNAcylated. The optimal length of the escorting tag was determined by generating deletion mutants to improve the extracellular secretion of EGF14-15. Hence, a large amount of EGF14-15 was successfully prepared from the culture supernatant of HEK293T cells, which were otherwise prone to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Ramesh PS, Chu LF. Species-specific roles of the Notch ligands, receptors, and targets orchestrating the signaling landscape of the segmentation clock. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1327227. [PMID: 38348091 PMCID: PMC10859470 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1327227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Somitogenesis is a hallmark feature of all vertebrates and some invertebrate species that involves the periodic formation of block-like structures called somites. Somites are transient embryonic segments that eventually establish the entire vertebral column. A highly conserved molecular oscillator called the segmentation clock underlies this periodic event and the pace of this clock regulates the pace of somite formation. Although conserved signaling pathways govern the clock in most vertebrates, the mechanisms underlying the species-specific divergence in various clock characteristics remain elusive. For example, the segmentation clock in classical model species such as zebrafish, chick, and mouse embryos tick with a periodicity of ∼30, ∼90, and ∼120 min respectively. This enables them to form the species-specific number of vertebrae during their overall timespan of somitogenesis. Here, we perform a systematic review of the species-specific features of the segmentation clock with a keen focus on mouse embryos. We perform this review using three different perspectives: Notch-responsive clock genes, ligand-receptor dynamics, and synchronization between neighboring oscillators. We further review reports that use non-classical model organisms and in vitro model systems that complement our current understanding of the segmentation clock. Our review highlights the importance of comparative developmental biology to further our understanding of this essential developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav S. Ramesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Krivec N, Ghosh MS, Spits C. Gains of 20q11.21 in human pluripotent stem cells: Insights from cancer research. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:11-27. [PMID: 38157850 PMCID: PMC10828824 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic abnormalities observed in hPSC cultures worldwide have been suggested to pose an important hurdle in their safe use in regenerative medicine due to the possibility of oncogenic transformation by mutant cells in the patient posttransplantation. One of the best-characterized genetic lesions in hPSCs is the gain of 20q11.21, found in 20% of hPSC lines worldwide, and strikingly, also amplified in 20% of human cancers. In this review, we have curated the existing knowledge on the incidence of this mutation in hPSCs and cancer, explored the significance of chromosome 20q11.21 amplification in cancer progression, and reviewed the oncogenic role of the genes in the smallest common region of gain, to shed light on the significance of this mutation in hPSC-based cell therapy. Lastly, we discuss the state-of-the-art strategies devised to detect aneuploidies in hPSC cultures, avoid genetic changes in vitro cultures of hPSCs, and strategies to eliminate genetically abnormal cells from culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Krivec
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manjusha S Ghosh
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Lu L, Varshney S, Yuan Y, Wei HX, Tanwar A, Sundaram S, Nauman M, Haltiwanger RS, Stanley P. In vivo evidence for GDP-fucose transport in the absence of transporter SLC35C1 and putative transporter SLC35C2. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105406. [PMID: 38270391 PMCID: PMC10709068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Slc35c1 encodes an antiporter that transports GDP-fucose into the Golgi and returns GMP to the cytoplasm. The closely related gene Slc35c2 encodes a putative GDP-fucose transporter and promotes Notch fucosylation and Notch signaling in cultured cells. Here, we show that HEK293T cells lacking SLC35C1 transferred reduced amounts of O-fucose to secreted epidermal growth factor-like repeats from NOTCH1 or secreted thrombospondin type I repeats from thrombospondin 1. However, cells lacking SLC35C2 did not exhibit reduced fucosylation of these epidermal growth factor-like repeats or thrombospondin type I repeats. To investigate SLC35C2 functions in vivo, WW6 embryonic stem cells were targeted for Slc35c2. Slc35c2[-/-] mice were viable and fertile and exhibited no evidence of defective Notch signaling during skeletal or T cell development. By contrast, mice with inactivated Slc35c1 exhibited perinatal lethality and marked skeletal defects in late embryogenesis, typical of defective Notch signaling. Compound Slc35c1[-/-]Slc35c2[-/-] mutants were indistinguishable in skeletal phenotype from Slc35c1[-/-] embryos and neonates. Double mutants did not exhibit the exacerbated skeletal defects predicted if SLC35C2 was functionally important for Notch signaling in vivo. In addition, NOTCH1 immunoprecipitated from Slc35c1[-/-]Slc35c2[-/-] neonatal lung carried fucose detected by binding of Aleuria aurantia lectin. Given that the absence of both SLC35C1, a known GDP-fucose transporter, and SLC35C2, a putative GDP-fucose transporter, did not lead to afucosylated NOTCH1 nor to the severe Notch signaling defects and embryonic lethality expected if all GDP-fucose transport were abrogated, at least one more mechanism of GDP-fucose transport into the secretory pathway must exist in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Lu
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youxi Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hua-Xing Wei
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ankit Tanwar
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Subha Sundaram
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohd Nauman
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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11
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Nauman M, Varshney S, Choi J, Augenlicht LH, Stanley P. EOGT enables residual Notch signaling in mouse intestinal cells lacking POFUT1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17473. [PMID: 37838775 PMCID: PMC10576774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling determines cell fates in mouse intestine. Notch receptors contain multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats modified by O-glycans that regulate Notch signaling. Conditional deletion of protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) substantially reduces Notch signaling and markedly perturbs lineage development in mouse intestine. However, mice with inactivated Pofut1 are viable, whereas complete elimination of Notch signaling in intestine is lethal. Here we investigate whether residual Notch signaling enabled by EGF-domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Eogt) permits mice conditionally lacking Pofut1 in intestine to survive. Mice globally lacking Eogt alone were grossly unaffected in intestinal development. In contrast, mice lacking both Eogt and Pofut1 died at ~ 28 days after birth with greater loss of body weight, a greater increase in the number of goblet and Paneth cells, and greater downregulation of the Notch target gene Hes1, compared to Pofut1 deletion alone. These data reveal that both O-fucose and O-GlcNAc glycans are fundamental to Notch signaling in the intestine and provide new insights into roles for O-glycans in regulating Notch ligand binding. Finally, EOGT and O-GlcNAc glycans provide residual Notch signaling and support viability in mice lacking Pofut1 in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nauman
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., New York, NY, 10641, USA
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., New York, NY, 10641, USA
- Dudnyk, 5 Walnut Grove Drive, Suite 300, Horsham, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Jiahn Choi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., New York, NY, 10641, USA
| | - Leonard H Augenlicht
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., New York, NY, 10641, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., New York, NY, 10641, USA.
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12
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LoPilato RK, Kroeger H, Mohan SK, Lauderdale JD, Grimsey N, Haltiwanger RS. Two NOTCH1 O-fucose sites have opposing functions in mouse retinal angiogenesis. Glycobiology 2023; 33:661-672. [PMID: 37329502 PMCID: PMC10560083 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that Fringe glycosylation of the NOTCH1 extracellular domain at O-fucose residues in Epidermal Growth Factor-like Repeats (EGFs) 6 and 8 is a significant contributor to suppression of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 or enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1, respectively. In this study, we sought to evaluate the significance of these glycosylation sites in a mammalian model by generating 2 C57BL/6J mouse lines carrying NOTCH1 point mutations, which eliminate O-fucosylation and Fringe activity at EGFs 6 (T232V) or 8 (T311V). We assessed changes to morphology during retinal angiogenesis, a process in which expression of Notch1, Jag1, Dll4, Lfng, Mfng, and Rfng genes coordinate cell-fate decisions to grow vessel networks. In the EGF6 O-fucose mutant (6f/6f) retinas, we observed reduced vessel density and branching, suggesting that this mutant is a Notch1 hypermorph. This finding agrees with prior cell-based studies showing that the 6f mutation increased JAG1 activation of NOTCH1 during co-expression with inhibitory Fringes. Although we predicted that the EGF8 O-fucose mutant (8f/8f) would not complete embryonic development due to the direct involvement of the O-fucose in engaging ligand, the 8f/8f mice were viable and fertile. In the 8f/8f retina, we measured increased vessel density consistent with established Notch1 hypomorphs. Overall, our data support the importance of NOTCH1 O-fucose residues for pathway function and confirms that single O-glycan sites are rich in signaling instructions for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K LoPilato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Heike Kroeger
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Sneha K Mohan
- Neuroscience Division of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - James D Lauderdale
- Department of Cellular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
- Neuroscience Division of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Neil Grimsey
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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13
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Tanwar A, Stanley P. Synergistic regulation of Notch signaling by different O-glycans promotes hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097332. [PMID: 37795096 PMCID: PMC10546201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of Notch receptors by O-fucose glycans regulates Notch ligand binding and Notch signaling during hematopoiesis. However, roles in hematopoiesis for other O-glycans that modify Notch receptors have not been determined. Here we show that the EGF domain specific GlcNAc transferase EOGT is required in mice for the optimal production of lymphoid and myeloid cells. The phenotype of Eogt null mice was largely cell-autonomous, and Notch target gene expression was reduced in T cell progenitors. Moreover, EOGT supported residual Notch signaling following conditional deletion of Pofut1 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Eogt : Pofut1 double mutant HSC had more severe defects in bone marrow and in T and B cell development in thymus and spleen, compared to deletion of Pofut1 alone. The combined results show that EOGT and O-GlcNAc glycans are required for optimal hematopoiesis and T and B cell development, and that they act synergistically with POFUT1 and O-fucose glycans to promote Notch signaling in lymphoid and myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Apocynum venetum to Salt Stress at the Seed Germination Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043623. [PMID: 36835035 PMCID: PMC9966927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a semi-shrubby perennial herb that not only prevents saline-alkaline land degradation but also produces leaves for medicinal uses. Although physiological changes during the seed germination of A. venetum in response to salt stress have been studied, the adaptive mechanism to salt conditions is still limited. Here, the physiological and transcriptional changes during seed germination under different NaCl treatments (0-300 mmol/L) were examined. The results showed that the seed germination rate was promoted at low NaCl concentrations (0-50 mmol/L) and inhibited with increased concentrations (100-300 mmol/L); the activity of antioxidant enzymes exhibited a significant increase from 0 (CK) to 150 mmol/L NaCl and a significant decrease from 150 to 300 mmol/L; and the content of osmolytes exhibited a significant increase with increased concentrations, while the protein content peaked at 100 mmol/L NaCl and then significantly decreased. A total of 1967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated during seed germination at 300 mmol/L NaCl versus (vs.) CK, with 1487 characterized genes (1293 up-regulated, UR; 194 down-regulated, DR) classified into 11 categories, including salt stress (29), stress response (146), primary metabolism (287), cell morphogenesis (156), transcription factor (TFs, 62), bio-signaling (173), transport (144), photosynthesis and energy (125), secondary metabolism (58), polynucleotide metabolism (21), and translation (286). The relative expression levels (RELs) of selected genes directly involved in salt stress and seed germination were observed to be consistent with the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents. These findings will provide useful references to improve seed germination and reveal the adaptive mechanism of A. venetum to saline-alkaline soils.
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15
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Stanley P, Tanwar A. Regulation of myeloid and lymphoid cell development by O-glycans on Notch. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:979724. [PMID: 36406268 PMCID: PMC9672378 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.979724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling via NOTCH1 stimulated by Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) is required for the development of T cells in thymus, and NOTCH2 stimulated by Notch ligand DLL1 is required for the development of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in spleen. Notch signaling also regulates myeloid cell production in bone marrow and is an essential contributor to the generation of early hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The differentiation program in each of these cellular contexts is optimized by the regulation of Notch signaling strength by O-glycans attached to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. There are three major types of O-glycan on NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 - O-fucose, O-glucose and O-GlcNAc. The initiating sugar of each O-glycan is added in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by glycosyltransferases POFUT1 (fucose), POGLUT1/2/3 (glucose) or EOGT (GlcNAc), respectively. Additional sugars are added in the Golgi compartment during passage through the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane. Of particular significance for Notch signaling is the addition of GlcNAc to O-fucose on an EGF repeat by the Fringe GlcNAc-transferases LFNG, MFNG or RFNG. Canonical Notch ligands (DLL1, DLL4, JAG1, JAG2) expressed in stromal cells bind to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid and lymphoid progenitors to activate Notch signaling. Ligand-receptor binding is differentially regulated by the O-glycans on Notch. This review will summarize our understanding of the regulation of Notch signaling in myeloid and lymphoid cell development by specific O-glycans in mice with dysregulated expression of a particular glycosyltransferase and discuss how this may impact immune system development and malignancy in general, and in individuals with a congenital defect in the synthesis of the O-glycans attached to EGF repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Pennarubia F, Ito A, Takeuchi M, Haltiwanger RS. Cancer-associated Notch receptor variants lead to O-fucosylation defects that deregulate Notch signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102616. [PMID: 36265581 PMCID: PMC9672452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor that initiates a signaling pathway involved in embryonic development of adult tissue homeostasis. The extracellular domain of NOTCH1 is composed largely of epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGFs), many of which can be O-fucosylated at a specific consensus sequence by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1). O-fucosylation of NOTCH1 is necessary for its function. The Notch pathway is deregulated in many cancers, and alteration of POFUT1 has been reported in several cancers, but further investigation is needed to assess whether there is deregulation of the Notch pathway associated with mutations that affect O-fucosylation in cancers. Using Biomuta and COSMIC databases, we selected nine NOTCH1 variants that could cause a change in O-fucosylation of key EGFs. Mass spectral glycoproteomic site mapping was used to identify alterations in O-fucosylation of EGFs containing the mutations. Cell-based NOTCH-1 signaling assays, ligand-binding assays, and cellsurface analysis were used to determine the effect of each mutation on Notch activation. Two variants led to a gain of function (GOF), six to a loss of function (LOF), and one had minimal effects. Most GOF and LOF were associated with a change in O-fucosylation. Finally, by comparing our results with known NOTCH1 alterations in cancers from which our mutations originated, we were able to establish a correlation between our results and the known GOF or LOF of NOTCH1 in these cancers. This study shows that point mutations in N1 can lead to alterations in O-fucosylation that deregulate the Notch pathway and be associated with cancer processes.
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17
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Sosicka P, Ng BG, Pepi LE, Shajahan A, Wong M, Scott DA, Matsumoto K, Xia ZJ, Lebrilla CB, Haltiwanger RS, Azadi P, Freeze HH. Origin of cytoplasmic GDP-fucose determines its contribution to glycosylation reactions. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202205038. [PMID: 36053214 PMCID: PMC9441714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of macromolecules requires precursors such as sugars or amino acids, originating from exogenous/dietary sources, reutilization/salvage of degraded molecules, or de novo synthesis. Since these sources are assumed to contribute to one homogenous pool, their individual contributions are often overlooked. Protein glycosylation uses monosaccharides from all the above sources to produce nucleotide sugars required to assemble hundreds of distinct glycans. Here, we demonstrate that cells identify the origin/heritage of the monosaccharide, fucose, for glycosylation. We measured the contribution of GDP-fucose from each of these sources for glycan synthesis and found that different fucosyltransferases, individual glycoproteins, and linkage-specific fucose residues identify and select different GDP-fucose pools dependent on their heritage. This supports the hypothesis that GDP-fucose exists in multiple, distinct pools, not as a single homogenous pool. The selection is tightly regulated since the overall pool size remains constant. We present novel perspectives on monosaccharide metabolism, which may have a general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lauren E. Pepi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - David A. Scott
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Zhi-Jie Xia
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
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18
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Metabolic utilization and remodeling of glycan biosynthesis using fucose analogs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130243. [PMID: 36087787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucose (Fuc), a monosaccharide present at the core or the termini of glycans, critically regulates various biological phenomena and is associated with various diseases. Specifically detecting Fuc residues or inhibiting the fucosylation pathway is pivotal in understanding the mechanisms of how fucosylated glycans are related to biological processes and diseases and in developing novel therapeutic agents. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review focuses on chemical biology approaches using Fuc analogs developed for metabolically labeling fucosylated glycans or inhibiting the biosynthesis of fucosylated glycans. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Developed Fuc analogs have different potency, specificity and effects on protein and cellular functions. Developing highly enzyme-specific probes and inhibitors is desirable for future investigations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Chemical glycobiology approaches using sugar analogs are useful for revealing novel mechanisms of inter-relationships among sugar metabolism pathways and manipulating glycan expression to develop new glycan-targeted therapies.
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19
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Mashanov V, Machado DJ, Reid R, Brouwer C, Kofsky J, Janies DA. Twinkle twinkle brittle star: the draft genome of Ophioderma brevispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) as a resource for regeneration research. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:574. [PMID: 35953768 PMCID: PMC9367165 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinoderms are established models in experimental and developmental biology, however genomic resources are still lacking for many species. Here, we present the draft genome of Ophioderma brevispinum, an emerging model organism in the field of regenerative biology. This new genomic resource provides a reference for experimental studies of regenerative mechanisms. Results We report a de novo nuclear genome assembly for the brittle star O. brevispinum and annotation facilitated by the transcriptome assembly. The final assembly is 2.68 Gb in length and contains 146,703 predicted protein-coding gene models. We also report a mitochondrial genome for this species, which is 15,831 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs genes, respectively. In addition, 29 genes of the Notch signaling pathway are identified to illustrate the practical utility of the assembly for studies of regeneration. Conclusions The sequenced and annotated genome of O. brevispinum presented here provides the first such resource for an ophiuroid model species. Considering the remarkable regenerative capacity of this species, this genome will be an essential resource in future research efforts on molecular mechanisms regulating regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12864-022-08750-y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mashanov
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, 27101, NC, USA. .,University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, 32224, FL, USA.
| | - Denis Jacob Machado
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
| | - Robert Reid
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, North Carolina Research Campus, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Cory Brouwer
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, North Carolina Research Campus, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Janice Kofsky
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
| | - Daniel A Janies
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, 28223, NC, USA
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20
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Bochter MS, Servello D, Kakuda S, D'Amico R, Ebetino MF, Haltiwanger RS, Cole SE. Lfng and Dll3 cooperate to modulate protein interactions in cis and coordinate oscillatory Notch pathway activation in the segmentation clock. Dev Biol 2022; 487:42-56. [PMID: 35429490 PMCID: PMC9923780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian development, oscillatory activation of Notch signaling is required for segmentation clock function during somitogenesis. Notch activity oscillations are synchronized between neighboring cells in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and have a period that matches the rate of somite formation. Normal clock function requires cyclic expression of the Lunatic fringe (LFNG) glycosyltransferase, as well as expression of the inhibitory Notch ligand Delta-like 3 (DLL3). How these factors coordinate Notch activation in the clock is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that LFNG can act in a signal-sending cell to influence Notch activity in the clock, raising the possibility that in this context, glycosylation of Notch pathway proteins by LFNG may affect ligand activity. Here we dissect the genetic interactions of Lfng and Dll3 specifically in the segmentation clock and observe distinctions in the skeletal and clock phenotypes of mutant embryos showing that paradoxically, loss of Dll3 is associated with strong reductions in Notch activity in the caudal PSM. The patterns of Notch activity in the PSM suggest that the loss of Dll3 is epistatic to the loss of Lfng in the segmentation clock, and we present direct evidence for the modification of several DLL1 and DLL3 EGF-repeats by LFNG. We further demonstrate that DLL3 expression in cells co-expressing DLL1 and NOTCH1 can potentiate a cell's signal-sending activity and that this effect is modulated by LFNG, suggesting a mechanism for coordinated regulation of oscillatory Notch activation in the clock by glycosylation and cis-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Bochter
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dustin Servello
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rachel D'Amico
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meaghan F Ebetino
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Susan E Cole
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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21
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Matsumoto K, Kumar V, Varshney S, Nairn AV, Ito A, Pennarubia F, Moremen KW, Stanley P, Haltiwanger RS. Fringe GlcNAc-transferases differentially extend O-fucose on endogenous NOTCH1 in mouse activated T cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102064. [PMID: 35623385 PMCID: PMC9234238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor that initiates a cell-cell signaling pathway controlling various cell fate specifications in metazoans. The addition of O-fucose by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain is essential for NOTCH1 function, and modification of O-fucose with GlcNAc by the Fringe family of glycosyltransferases modulates Notch activity. Prior cell-based studies showed that POFUT1 modifies EGF repeats containing the appropriate consensus sequence at high stoichiometry, while Fringe GlcNAc-transferases (LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG) modify O-fucose on only a subset of NOTCH1 EGF repeats. Previous in vivo studies showed that each FNG affects naïve T cell development. To examine Fringe modifications of NOTCH1 at a physiological level, we used mass spectral glycoproteomic methods to analyze O-fucose glycans of endogenous NOTCH1 from activated T cells obtained from mice lacking all Fringe enzymes or expressing only a single FNG. While most O-fucose sites were modified at high stoichiometry, only EGF6, EGF16, EGF26, and EGF27 were extended in WT T cells. Additionally, cell-based assays of NOTCH1 lacking fucose at each of those O-fucose sites revealed small but significant effects of LFNG on Notch-Delta binding in the EGF16 and EGF27 mutants. Finally, in activated T cells expressing only LFNG, MFNG, or RFNG alone, the extension of O-fucose with GlcNAc in the same EGF repeats was diminished, consistent with cooperative interactions when all three Fringes were present. The combined data open the door for the analysis of O-glycans on endogenous NOTCH1 derived from different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Florian Pennarubia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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22
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Nauman M, Stanley P. Glycans that regulate Notch signaling in the intestine. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:689-701. [PMID: 35311893 PMCID: PMC9370068 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is key to the maintenance of good health. The small intestine plays important roles in absorption, digestion, hormonal and immune functions. Crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cells residing at the bottom of crypts are nurtured by Paneth cells, and together create the stem cell niche, the foundation of intestinal homeostasis. CBC stem cells replicate to replenish their number, or differentiate into a variety of epithelial cells with specialized functions. Notch signaling is a cell-cell signaling pathway that regulates both the proliferation and differentiation of CBC stem cells. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 stimulated by canonical Notch ligands DLL1 and DLL4 mediate Notch signaling in the intestine that, in concert with other signaling pathways including the WNT and BMP pathways, determines cell fates. Importantly, interactions between Notch receptors and canonical Notch ligands are regulated by O-glycans linked to Ser/Thr in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain (NECD). The O-glycans attached to NECD are key regulators of the strength of Notch signaling. Imbalances in Notch signaling result in altered cell fate decisions and may lead to cancer in the intestine. In this review, we summarize the impacts of mutations in Notch pathway members on intestinal development and homeostasis, with a focus on the glycosyltransferases that transfer O-glycans to EGF repeats of NOTCH1, NOTCH2, DLL1 and DLL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nauman
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, U.S.A
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, U.S.A
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23
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Identification, function, and biological relevance of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1003-1012. [PMID: 35411374 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
O-glycosylation of Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats plays crucial roles in protein folding, trafficking and function. The Notch extracellular domain has been used as a model to study these mechanisms due to its many O-glycosylated EGF repeats. Three enzymes were previously known to O-glycosylate Notch EGF repeats: Protein O-Glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1), Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), and EGF Domain Specific O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase (EOGT). All of these modifications affect Notch activity. Recently, POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 were identified as two novel O-glucosyltransferases that modify a few Notch EGF repeats at sites distinct from those modified by POGLUT1. Comparison of these modification sites revealed a putative consensus sequence which predicted modification of many extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillins (FBNs) and Latent TGFβ-binding proteins (LTBPs). Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that approximately half of the 47 EGF repeats in FBN1 and FBN2, and half of the 18 EGF repeats in LTBP1, are modified by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3. Cellular assays showed that loss of modifications by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3 significantly reduces FBN1 secretion. There is precedent for EGF modifications to affect protein-protein interactions, as has been demonstrated by research of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modifications on Notch. Here we discuss the identification and characterization of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 and the ongoing research that continues to elucidate the biological significance of these novel enzymes.
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24
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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25
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Wang W, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Significant Roles of Notch O-Glycosylation in Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061783. [PMID: 35335147 PMCID: PMC8950332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling, which was initially identified in Drosophila wing morphogenesis, plays pivotal roles in cell development and differentiation. Optimal Notch pathway activity is essential for normal development and dysregulation of Notch signaling leads to various human diseases, including many types of cancers. In hematopoietic cancers, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Notch plays an oncogenic role, while in acute myeloid leukemia, it has a tumor-suppressive role. In solid tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and medulloblastoma, Notch may have either an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role, depending on the context. Aberrant expression of Notch receptors or ligands can alter the ligand-dependent Notch signaling and changes in trafficking can lead to ligand-independent signaling. Defects in any of the two signaling pathways can lead to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Strikingly, O-glycosylation is one such process that modulates ligand–receptor binding and trafficking. Three types of O-linked modifications on the extracellular epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch receptors are observed, namely O-glucosylation, O-fucosylation, and O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) modifications. In addition, O-GalNAc mucin-type O-glycosylation outside the EGF repeats also appears to occur in Notch receptors. In this review, we first briefly summarize the basics of Notch signaling, describe the latest information on O-glycosylation of Notch receptors classified on a structural basis, and finally describe the regulation of Notch signaling by O-glycosylation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence:
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26
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Lo PW, Okajima T. Eogt-catalyzed O-GlcNAcylation. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2033.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Lo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Lo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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28
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Campbell LJ, Levendusky JL, Steines SA, Hyde DR. Retinal regeneration requires dynamic Notch signaling. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1199-1209. [PMID: 34782554 PMCID: PMC8643038 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal damage in the adult zebrafish induces Müller glia reprogramming to produce neuronal progenitor cells that proliferate and differentiate into retinal neurons. Notch signaling, which is a fundamental mechanism known to drive cell-cell communication, is required to maintain Müller glia in a quiescent state in the undamaged retina, and repression of Notch signaling is necessary for Müller glia to reenter the cell cycle. The dynamic regulation of Notch signaling following retinal damage also directs proliferation and neurogenesis of the Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in a robust regeneration response. In contrast, mammalian Müller glia respond to retinal damage by entering a prolonged gliotic state that leads to additional neuronal death and permanent vision loss. Understanding the dynamic regulation of Notch signaling in the zebrafish retina may aid efforts to stimulate Müller glia reprogramming for regeneration of the diseased human retina. Recent findings identified DeltaB and Notch3 as the ligand-receptor pair that serves as the principal regulators of zebrafish Müller glia quiescence. In addition, multiomics datasets and functional studies indicate that additional Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes regulate cell proliferation and neurogenesis during the regeneration time course. Still, our understanding of Notch signaling during retinal regeneration is limited. To fully appreciate the complex regulation of Notch signaling that is required for successful retinal regeneration, investigation of additional aspects of the pathway, such as post-translational modification of the receptors, ligand endocytosis, and interactions with other fundamental pathways is needed. Here we review various modes of Notch signaling regulation in the context of the vertebrate retina to put recent research in perspective and to identify open areas of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jaclyn L Levendusky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Shannon A Steines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David R Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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29
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Signaling at Physical Barriers during Pollen-Pistil Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212230. [PMID: 34830110 PMCID: PMC8622735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, double fertilization requires pollen tubes to transport non-motile sperm to distant egg cells housed in a specialized female structure known as the pistil, mediating the ultimate fusion between male and female gametes. During this journey, the pollen tube encounters numerous physical barriers that must be mechanically circumvented, including the penetration of the stigmatic papillae, style, transmitting tract, and synergid cells as well as the ultimate fusion of sperm cells to the egg or central cell. Additionally, the pollen tube must maintain structural integrity in these compact environments, while responding to positional guidance cues that lead the pollen tube to its destination. Here, we discuss the nature of these physical barriers as well as efforts to genetically and cellularly identify the factors that allow pollen tubes to successfully, specifically, and quickly circumnavigate them.
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30
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Pennarubia F, Nairn AV, Takeuchi M, Moremen KW, Haltiwanger RS. Modulation of the NOTCH1 Pathway by LUNATIC FRINGE Is Dominant over That of MANIC or RADICAL FRINGE. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195942. [PMID: 34641486 PMCID: PMC8512825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fringes are glycosyltransferases that transfer a GlcNAc to O-fucose residues on Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats. Three Fringes exist in mammals: LUNATIC FRINGE (LFNG), MANIC FRINGE (MFNG), and RADICAL FRINGE (RFNG). Fringe modification of O-fucose on EGF repeats in the NOTCH1 (N1) extracellular domain modulates the activation of N1 signaling. Not all O-fucose residues of N1 are modified by all Fringes; some are modified by one or two Fringes and others not modified at all. The distinct effects on N1 activity depend on which Fringe is expressed in a cell. However, little data is available on the effect that more than one Fringe has on the modification of O-fucose residues and the resulting downstream consequence on Notch activation. Using mass spectral glycoproteomic site mapping and cell-based N1 signaling assays, we compared the effect of co-expression of N1 with one or more Fringes on modification of O-fucose and activation of N1 in three cell lines. Individual expression of each Fringe with N1 in the three cell lines revealed differences in modulation of the Notch pathway dependent on the presence of endogenous Fringes. Despite these cell-based differences, co-expression of several Fringes with N1 demonstrated a dominant effect of LFNG over MFNG or RFNG. MFNG and RFNG appeared to be co-dominant but strongly dependent on the ligands used to activate N1 and on the endogenous expression of Fringes. These results show a hierarchy of Fringe activity and indicate that the effect of MFNG and/or RFNG could be small in the presence of LFNG.
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31
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. The developmental origins of Notch-driven intrahepatic bile duct disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048413. [PMID: 34549776 PMCID: PMC8480193 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, cell fate specification, and maintenance of stem and progenitor cell populations. In the vertebrate liver, an absence of Notch signaling results in failure to form bile ducts, a complex tubular network that radiates throughout the liver, which, in healthy individuals, transports bile from the liver into the bowel. Loss of a functional biliary network through congenital malformations during development results in cholestasis and necessitates liver transplantation. Here, we examine to what extent Notch signaling is necessary throughout embryonic life to initiate the proliferation and specification of biliary cells and concentrate on the animal and human models that have been used to define how perturbations in this signaling pathway result in developmental liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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32
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Williamson DB, Sohn CJ, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 O-glucosylate multiple EGF repeats in fibrillin-1, -2, and LTBP1 and promote secretion of fibrillin-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101055. [PMID: 34411563 PMCID: PMC8405936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils, which are required for proper development of elastic tissues, including the heart and lungs. Through protein-protein interactions with latent transforming growth factor (TGF) β-binding protein 1 (LTBP1), microfibrils regulate TGF-β signaling. Mutations within the 47 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of FBN1 cause autosomal dominant disorders including Marfan Syndrome, which is characterized by disrupted TGF-β signaling. We recently identified two novel protein O-glucosyltransferases, Protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 (POGLUT2) and 3 (POGLUT3), that modify a small fraction of EGF repeats on Notch. Here, using mass spectral analysis, we show that POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 also modify over half of the EGF repeats on FBN1, fibrillin-2 (FBN2), and LTBP1. While most sites are modified by both enzymes, some sites show a preference for either POGLUT2 or POGLUT3. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 are homologs of POGLUT1, which stabilizes Notch proteins by addition of O-glucose to Notch EGF repeats. Like POGLUT1, POGLUT2 and 3 can discern a folded versus unfolded EGF repeat, suggesting POGLUT2 and 3 are involved in a protein folding pathway. In vitro secretion assays using the N-terminal portion of recombinant FBN1 revealed reduced FBN1 secretion in POGLUT2 knockout, POGLUT3 knockout, and POGLUT2 and 3 double-knockout HEK293T cells compared with wild type. These results illustrate that POGLUT2 and 3 function together to O-glucosylate protein substrates and that these modifications play a role in the secretion of substrate proteins. It will be interesting to see how disease variants in these proteins affect their O-glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Williamson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Camron J Sohn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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33
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Piniello B, Lira-Navarrete E, Takeuchi H, Takeuchi M, Haltiwanger RS, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Rovira C. Asparagine Tautomerization in Glycosyltransferase Catalysis. The Molecular Mechanism of Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1. ACS Catal 2021; 11:9926-9932. [PMID: 34868727 PMCID: PMC8631701 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
O-glycosylation is a post-translational protein
modification essential to life. One of the enzymes involved in this
process is protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1),
which fucosylates threonine or serine residues within a specific sequence
context of epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGF-LD). Unlike most
inverting glycosyltransferases, POFUT1 lacks a basic residue in the
active site that could act as a catalytic base to deprotonate the
Thr/Ser residue of the EGF-LD acceptor during the chemical reaction.
Using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods on recent
crystal structures, as well as mutagenesis experiments, we uncover
the enzyme catalytic mechanism, revealing that it involves proton
shuttling through an active site asparagine, conserved among species,
which undergoes tautomerization. This mechanism is consistent with
experimental kinetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans POFUT1 Asn43 mutants, which ablate enzyme activity even if mutated
to Asp, the canonical catalytic base in inverting glycosyltransferases.
These results will aid inhibitor development for Notch-associated O-glycosylation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Piniello
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Saxena V, Lakhan R, Iyyathurai J, Bromberg JS. Mechanisms of exTreg induction. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1956-1967. [PMID: 33975379 PMCID: PMC8338747 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs play an important role in the maintenance of the immune system by regulating immune responses and resolving inflammation. Tregs exert their function by suppressing other immune cells and mediating peripheral self-tolerance. Under homeostatic conditions, Tregs are stable T-cell populations. However, under inflammatory environments, Tregs are converted to CD4+ CD25low Foxp3low cells. These cells are termed "exTreg" or "exFoxp3" cells. The molecular mechanism of Treg transition to exTregs remains incompletely understood. Uncertainties might be explained by a lack of consensus of biological markers to define Treg subsets in general and exTregs in particular. In this review, we summarize known markers of Tregs and factors responsible for exTreg generation including cytokines, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. We also identify studies demonstrating the presence of exTregs in various diseases and sources of exTregs. Understanding the biology of Treg transition to exTregs will help in designing Treg-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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35
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Albakri M, Tashkandi H, Zhou L. A Review of Advances in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization and the Potential Role of Notch2 Blockade. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720947146. [PMID: 32749152 PMCID: PMC7563033 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720947146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can be a potential cure for
hematological malignancies and some nonhematologic diseases. Hematopoietic stem
and progenitor cells (HSPCs) collected from peripheral blood after mobilization
are the primary source to provide HSC transplantation. In most of the cases,
mobilization by the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with
chemotherapy, and in some settings, with the CXC chemokine receptor type 4
antagonist plerixafor, can achieve high yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells
(HPCs). However, adequate mobilization is not always successful in a significant
portion of donors. Research is going on to find new agents or strategies to
increase HSC mobilization. Here, we briefly review the history of HSC
transplantation, current mobilization regimens, some of the novel agents that
are under investigation for clinical practice, and our recent findings from
animal studies regarding Notch and ligand interaction as potential targets for
HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Albakri
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hammad Tashkandi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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36
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Li Q, Wang J, Ma X, Wang M, Zhou L. POFUT1 acts as a tumor promoter in glioblastoma by enhancing the activation of Notch signaling. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:621-632. [PMID: 34251584 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein O-fucosyl transferase 1 (POFUT1) contributes to the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers. However, whether POFUT1 has a relationship with the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) is unknown. This work was aimed at evaluating the detailed relevance of POFUT1 in GBM. Here, we demonstrated high levels of POFUT1 in GBM tissue and elucidated that GBM patients with high levels of POFUT1 had a shorter survival rate than those with low levels of POFUT1. POFUT1 knockdown in GBM cells markedly downregulated the ability to proliferate and invade, while overexpression of POFUT1 potentiated the proliferative and invasive ability of GBM cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that silencing POFUT1 prohibited the activation of Notch signaling, leading to a reduction in the expression of HES1 and HEY1. On the contrary, overexpression of POFUT1 enhanced the activation of Notch signaling. Notably, inhibition of Notch signaling markedly reversed POFUT1-overexpression-induced tumor promotion effects in GBM cells. In addition, POFUT1 silencing markedly repressed the potential of GBM cells to form tumors in vivo. In conclusion, the data of this work indicates that POFUT1 serves a tumor promotion role in GBM by enhancing the activation of Notch signaling. This study underlines the potential role of the POFUT1/Notch axis in GBM progression and proposes POFUT1 as a promising anticancer target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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37
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Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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38
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Harb H, Benamar M, Lai PS, Contini P, Griffith JW, Crestani E, Schmitz-Abe K, Chen Q, Fong J, Marri L, Filaci G, Del Zotto G, Pishesha N, Kolifrath S, Broggi A, Ghosh S, Gelmez MY, Oktelik FB, Cetin EA, Kiykim A, Kose M, Wang Z, Cui Y, Yu XG, Li JZ, Berra L, Stephen-Victor E, Charbonnier LM, Zanoni I, Ploegh H, Deniz G, De Palma R, Chatila TA. Notch4 signaling limits regulatory T-cell-mediated tissue repair and promotes severe lung inflammation in viral infections. Immunity 2021; 54:1186-1199.e7. [PMID: 33915108 PMCID: PMC8080416 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A cardinal feature of COVID-19 is lung inflammation and respiratory failure. In a prospective multi-country cohort of COVID-19 patients, we found that increased Notch4 expression on circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells was associated with disease severity, predicted mortality, and declined upon recovery. Deletion of Notch4 in Treg cells or therapy with anti-Notch4 antibodies in conventional and humanized mice normalized the dysregulated innate immunity and rescued disease morbidity and mortality induced by a synthetic analog of viral RNA or by influenza H1N1 virus. Mechanistically, Notch4 suppressed the induction by interleukin-18 of amphiregulin, a cytokine necessary for tissue repair. Protection by Notch4 inhibition was recapitulated by therapy with Amphiregulin and, reciprocally, abrogated by its antagonism. Amphiregulin declined in COVID-19 subjects as a function of disease severity and Notch4 expression. Thus, Notch4 expression on Treg cells dynamically restrains amphiregulin-dependent tissue repair to promote severe lung inflammation, with therapeutic implications for COVID-19 and related infections.
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MESH Headings
- Amphiregulin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pneumonia, Viral/etiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Receptor, Notch4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Notch4/genetics
- Receptor, Notch4/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Contini
- Deptartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luca Marri
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Kolifrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Achille Broggi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Metin Yusuf Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betul Oktelik
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas Cetin
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ye Cui
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidde Ploegh
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Deptartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Unit of Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (IBC), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yu S, Wang W, Albakri M, Yu X, Majihail G, Lim S, Lopilato RK, Ito A, Letterio J, Haltiwanger RS, Zhou L. O-Fucose and Fringe-modified NOTCH1 extracellular domain fragments as decoys to release niche-lodged hematopoietic progenitor cells. Glycobiology 2021; 31:582-592. [PMID: 33351914 PMCID: PMC8176772 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant therapy is improved by mobilizing HPCs from the bone marrow niche in donors. Notch receptor-ligand interactions are known to retain HPCs in the bone marrow, and neutralizing antibodies against Notch ligands, Jagged-1 or Delta-like ligand (DLL4), or NOTCH2 receptor potentiates HPC mobilization. Notch-ligand interactions are dependent on posttranslational modification of Notch receptors with O-fucose and are modulated by Fringe-mediated extension of O-fucose moieties. We previously reported that O-fucosylglycans on Notch are required for Notch receptor-ligand engagement controlling hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and retention in the marrow niche. Here, we generated recombinant fragments of NOTCH1 or NOTCH2 extracellular domain carrying the core ligand-binding regions (EGF11-13) either as unmodified forms or as O-fucosylglycan-modified forms. We found that the addition of O-fucose monosaccharide or the Fringe-extended forms of O-fucose to EGF11-13 showed substantial increases in binding to DLL4. Furthermore, the O-fucose and Fringe-extended NOTCH1 EGF11-13 protein displayed much stronger binding to DLL4 than the NOTCH2 counterpart. When assessed in an in vitro 3D osteoblastic niche model, we showed that the Fringe-extended NOTCH1 EGF11-13 fragment effectively released lodged HPC cells with a higher potency than the NOTCH2 blocking antibody. We concluded that O-fucose and Fringe-modified NOTCH1 EGF11-13 protein can be utilized as effective decoys for stem cell niche localized ligands to potentiate HPC egress and improve HPC collection for hematopoietic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marwah Albakri
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Yu
- Beachwood High School, Beachwood, OH 44122, USA
| | | | - Seunghwan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rachel K Lopilato
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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40
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Huang H, Zhou P, Wei J, Long L, Shi H, Dhungana Y, Chapman NM, Fu G, Saravia J, Raynor JL, Liu S, Palacios G, Wang YD, Qian C, Yu J, Chi H. In vivo CRISPR screening reveals nutrient signaling processes underpinning CD8 + T cell fate decisions. Cell 2021; 184:1245-1261.e21. [PMID: 33636132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How early events in effector T cell (TEFF) subsets tune memory T cell (TMEM) responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigated metabolic factors in fate determination of TEFF and TMEM cells using in vivo pooled CRISPR screening, focusing on negative regulators of TMEM responses. We found that amino acid transporters Slc7a1 and Slc38a2 dampened the magnitude of TMEM differentiation, in part through modulating mTORC1 signaling. By integrating genetic and systems approaches, we identified cellular and metabolic heterogeneity among TEFF cells, with terminal effector differentiation associated with establishment of metabolic quiescence and exit from the cell cycle. Importantly, Pofut1 (protein-O-fucosyltransferase-1) linked GDP-fucose availability to downstream Notch-Rbpj signaling, and perturbation of this nutrient signaling axis blocked terminal effector differentiation but drove context-dependent TEFF proliferation and TMEM development. Our study establishes that nutrient uptake and signaling are key determinants of T cell fate and shape the quantity and quality of TMEM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guotong Fu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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41
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Saiki W, Ma C, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Current Views on the Roles of O-Glycosylation in Controlling Notch-Ligand Interactions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020309. [PMID: 33670724 PMCID: PMC7922208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 100th anniversary of Notch discovery in Drosophila has recently passed. The Notch is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans. The discovery of human-specific Notch genes has led to a better understanding of Notch signaling in development and diseases and will continue to stimulate further research in the future. Notch receptors are responsible for cell-to-cell signaling. They are activated by cell-surface ligands located on adjacent cells. Notch activation plays an important role in determining the fate of cells, and dysregulation of Notch signaling results in numerous human diseases. Notch receptors are primarily activated by ligand binding. Many studies in various fields including genetics, developmental biology, biochemistry, and structural biology conducted over the past two decades have revealed that the activation of the Notch receptor is regulated by unique glycan modifications. Such modifications include O-fucose, O-glucose, and O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats located consecutively in the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. Being fine-tuned by glycans is an important property of Notch receptors. In this review article, we summarize the latest findings on the regulation of Notch activation by glycosylation and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Saiki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Chenyu Ma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2068
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Surapaneni A, Kuo J, Wang M, Ashour R. Epidermoid cyst in a patient with Alagille syndrome: Coincidence or connection? Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 33365194 PMCID: PMC7749940 DOI: 10.25259/sni_611_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alagille syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome, which arises due to defects in the Notch signaling pathway, resulting in liver, cardiopulmonary, renal, skeletal, and ophthalmologic problems, among others. Epidermoid cysts are rare congenital benign lesions that develop from ectopic ectodermal cell rests formed during neurulation. Case Description: A 24-year-old Alagille syndrome patient presented with hearing loss and was found to have a sizable posterior fossa mass. He underwent craniotomy for uneventful resection of the lesion, which was found to be an epidermoid cyst. Conclusion: While our case may represent a coincidental occurrence of two pathologies presenting together, given that epidermoid cysts arise from aberrant neurulation, and in light of the crucial role of the Notch signaling pathway both in normal neurogenesis and in the pathogenesis of Alagille syndrome, we hypothesize a possible association between these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Surapaneni
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - John Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Ramsey Ashour
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, United States
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Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Diseases related to Notch glycosylation. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100938. [PMID: 33341260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Notch receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate direct cell-cell interactions and control numerous cell-fate specifications in humans. The extracellular domains of mammalian Notch proteins contain 29-36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, most of which have O-linked glycan modifications: O-glucose added by POGLUT1, O-fucose added by POFUT1 and elongated by Fringe enzymes, and O-GlcNAc added by EOGT. The extracellular domain is also N-glycosylated. Mutations in the glycosyltransferases modifying Notch have been identified in several diseases, including Dowling-Degos Disease (haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 or POGLUT1), a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (autosomal recessive mutations in POGLUT1), Spondylocostal Dysostosis 3 (autosomal recessive mutations in LFNG), Adams-Oliver syndrome (autosomal recessive mutations in EOGT), and some cancers (amplification, gain or loss-of-function of POFUT1, Fringe enzymes, POGLUT1, MGAT3). Here we review the characteristics of these diseases and potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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A regulatory T cell Notch4-GDF15 axis licenses tissue inflammation in asthma. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1359-1370. [PMID: 32929274 PMCID: PMC7578174 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that sustain asthmatic inflammation is critical for precision therapies. We found that interleukin-6- and STAT3 transcription factor-dependent upregulation of Notch4 receptor on lung tissue regulatory T (Treg) cells is necessary for allergens and particulate matter pollutants to promote airway inflammation. Notch4 subverted Treg cells into the type 2 and type 17 helper (TH2 and TH17) effector T cells by Wnt and Hippo pathway-dependent mechanisms. Wnt activation induced growth and differentiation factor 15 expression in Treg cells, which activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells to provide a feed-forward mechanism for aggravated inflammation. Notch4, Wnt and Hippo were upregulated in circulating Treg cells of individuals with asthma as a function of disease severity, in association with reduced Treg cell-mediated suppression. Our studies thus identify Notch4-mediated immune tolerance subversion as a fundamental mechanism that licenses tissue inflammation in asthma.
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45
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Cui X, Sun J, Liang C, Zheng Q, Yang X, Liu S, Yan Q. Progesterone promotes embryo adhesion by upregulating c-Fos/c-Jun transcription factor-mediated poFUT1 expression†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:675-685. [PMID: 31260062 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and adhesion abilities of placental trophoblasts are critical for embryo implantation and successful pregnancy. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) and the transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun have been found to promote trophoblastic cell invade into the endometrium. Progesterone is critical to the regulation of embryonic implantation. However, the exact role of poFUT1 in embryo proliferation and adhesion to the endometrium, and the relationship between progesterone, c-Fos/c-Jun, and poFUT1 has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we found that the serum levels of poFUT1 and progesterone significantly was decreased in miscarriage patients compared with those in normal pregnancy women, and there is a positive correlation between the changes in progesterone and poFUT1. Employing a human embryo trophoblastic cell line (JAR), we showed that progesterone facilitated the activation of c-Fos/c-Jun. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that the specific transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun regulated the poFUT1 promoter, which could enhance poFUT1 transcriptional activity, thus further increasing trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion potential. Taking these findings together, progesterone upregulates poFUT1 expression via the specific transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun, and then increase trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion potential. poFUT1 and progesterone may be used together as potential markers of miscarriage, and they may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets for miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Caixia Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
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Pandey A, Harvey BM, Lopez MF, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS, Jafar-Nejad H. Glycosylation of Specific Notch EGF Repeats by O-Fut1 and Fringe Regulates Notch Signaling in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2054-2066.e6. [PMID: 31722217 PMCID: PMC6866671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fringe glycosyltransferases differentially modulate the binding of Notch receptors to Delta/DLL versus Serrate/Jagged ligands by adding GlcNAc to O-linked fucose on Notch epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Although Notch has 22 O-fucosylation sites, the biologically relevant sites affecting Notch activity during animal development in vivo in the presence or absence of Fringe are not known. Using a variety of assays, we find important roles in Drosophila Notch signaling for GlcNAc-fucose-O glycans on three sites: EGF8, EGF9, and EGF12. O-Fucose monosaccharide on EGF12 (in the absence of Fringe) is essential for Delta-mediated lateral inhibition in embryos. However, wing vein development depends on the addition of GlcNAc to EGF8 and EGF12 by Fringe, with a minor contribution from EGF9. Fringe modifications of EGF8 and EGF12 together prevent Notch from cis-inhibiting Serrate, thereby promoting normal wing margin formation. Our work shows the combinatorial and context-dependent roles of GlcNAc-fucose-O glycans on these sites in Drosophila Notch-ligand interactions. POFUT1/O-Fut1 and Fringe glycosyltransferases regulate Notch signaling by adding fucose and GlcNAc, respectively, to Notch EGF repeats. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, Pandey et al. define the critical target sites of these enzymes on Drosophila Notch and determine the distinct roles of each sugar in Notch-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beth M Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mario F Lopez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Tsai YL, Chang HH, Chen YC, Chang YC, Chen Y, Tsai WC. Molecular Mechanisms of KDELC2 on Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis and Temozolomide Resistance. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090339. [PMID: 32927743 PMCID: PMC7555920 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the Notch pathway induces glioblastoma (GBM) development. Since KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) containing 2 (KDELC2) is involved in the Notch pathway, the detailed mechanism is still undetermined. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases revealed that KDELC2 mRNA was associated with oncologic factors of GBM. U87, LN229, LNZ308, U118MG, and GBM8401 cells showed higher KDELC2 expression than normal brain tissues. The results of MTT, wound healing, and invasion assays proved that KDELC2 knockdown suppressed GBM-aggressive behaviors. The inhibitory properties of GBM stemness and angiogenesis under KDELC2 knockdown were evaluated by tumor spheroid and tube formation assays. Suppression of KDELC2 downregulated Notch factors’ expressions, including KDELC1, pofut1, Notch receptors 1–3, and HES-1. Immunoblot assay showed that KDELC2 knockdown promoted tumor apoptosis by downregulating PI3k/mTOR/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-kB pathways. The combination of KDELC2 knockdown and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment had an optimal therapeutic effect by suppressing MGMT expression. Results of an orthotopic xenograft animal model and human tissue confirmed that KDELC2 correlated with glioma proliferation, advanced grades, and poor prognosis. Therefore, KDELC2 might be a potential pharmacological target to inhibit tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and chemo-resistance of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Chuan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(886)-287-927-155; Fax: +(886)-266-000-309
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Ma C, Takeuchi H, Hao H, Yonekawa C, Nakajima K, Nagae M, Okajima T, Haltiwanger RS, Kizuka Y. Differential Labeling of Glycoproteins with Alkynyl Fucose Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176007. [PMID: 32825463 PMCID: PMC7503990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated glycans critically regulate the physiological functions of proteins and cells. Alterations in levels of fucosylated glycans are associated with various diseases. For detection and functional modulation of fucosylated glycans, chemical biology approaches using fucose (Fuc) analogs are useful. However, little is known about how efficiently each unnatural Fuc analog is utilized by enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of fucosylated glycans. We show here that three clickable Fuc analogs with similar but distinct structures labeled cellular glycans with different efficiency and protein specificity. For instance, 6-alkynyl (Alk)-Fuc modified O-Fuc glycans much more efficiently than 7-Alk-Fuc. The level of GDP-6-Alk-Fuc produced in cells was also higher than that of GDP-7-Alk-Fuc. Comprehensive in vitro fucosyltransferase assays revealed that 7-Alk-Fuc is commonly tolerated by most fucosyltransferases. Surprisingly, both protein O-fucosyltransferases (POFUTs) could transfer all Fuc analogs in vitro, likely because POFUT structures have a larger space around their Fuc binding sites. These findings demonstrate that labeling and detection of fucosylated glycans with Fuc analogs depend on multiple cellular steps, including conversion to GDP form, transport into the ER or Golgi, and utilization by each fucosyltransferase, providing insights into design of novel sugar analogs for specific detection of target glycans or inhibition of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Ma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Huilin Hao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.H.); (R.S.H.)
| | - Chizuko Yonekawa
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.H.); (R.S.H.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-3356
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García-Gil MF, Monte Serrano J, Ramirez-Lluch M, Valero Torres A, López-Giménez MT, Lezcano Biosca V. A novel mutation in POFUT1 gene associated with Dowling-Degos disease and hidradenitis suppurativa. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:e25-e27. [PMID: 32767357 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Monte Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mar Ramirez-Lluch
- Department of Dermatology, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155477. [PMID: 32751869 PMCID: PMC7432858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.
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