1
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De Vos K, Mavrogiannis A, Wolters JC, Schlenner S, Wierda K, Cortés Calabuig Á, Chinnaraj R, Dermesrobian V, Armoudjian Y, Jacquemyn M, Corthout N, Daelemans D, Annaert P. Tankyrase1/2 inhibitor XAV-939 reverts EMT and suggests that PARylation partially regulates aerobic activities in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116445. [PMID: 39053638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of a highly functional metabolic epithelium in vitro is challenging. Metabolic impairments in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) over time is primarily due to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning (EMT). The immature hepatoma cell line HepG2 was used as an in vitro model to explore strategies for enhancing the hepatic phenotype. The phenotypic characterization includes measuring the urea cycle, lipid storage, tricarboxylic acid-related metabolites, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux, mitochondrial membrane potentials, oxygen consumptions rate, and CYP450 biotransformation capacity. Expression studies were performed with transcriptomics, co-immunoprecipitation and proteomics. CRISPR/Cas9 was also employed to genetically engineer HepG2 cells. After confirming that PHHs develop an EMT phenotype, expression of tankyrase1/2 was found to increase over time. EMT was reverted when blocking tankyrases1/2-dependent poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) activity, by biochemical and genetic perturbation. Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939 blocks tankyrase1/2 and treatment elevated several oxygen-consuming reactions (electron-transport chain, OXHPOS, CYP450 mono-oxidase activity, phase I/II xenobiotic biotransformation, and prandial turnover), suggesting that cell metabolism was enhanced. Glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis was also significantly improved in the XAV-939 condition. Oxygen consumption rate and proteomics experiments in tankyrase1/2 double knockout HepG2 cells then uncovered PARylation as master regulator of aerobic-dependent cell respiration. Furthermore, novel tankyrase1/2-dependent PARylation targets, including mitochondrial DLST, and OGDH, were revealed. This work exposed a new mechanistic framework by linking PARylation to respiration and metabolism, thereby broadening the current understanding that underlies these vital processes. XAV-939 poses an immediate and straightforward strategy to improve aerobic activities, and metabolism, in (immature) cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof De Vos
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adamantios Mavrogiannis
- Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justina Clarinda Wolters
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Electrophysiology Unit, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Reena Chinnaraj
- KU Leuven Flow and Mass Cytometry Facility, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vera Dermesrobian
- KU Leuven Flow and Mass Cytometry Facility, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Bio Imaging Core, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; BioNotus GCV, 2845 Niel, Belgium.
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2
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Bangru S, Chen J, Baker N, Das D, Chembazhi UV, Derham JM, Chorghade S, Arif W, Alencastro F, Duncan AW, Carstens RP, Kalsotra A. ESRP2-microRNA-122 axis directs the postnatal onset of liver polyploidization and maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.602336. [PMID: 39026848 PMCID: PMC11257421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.602336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocyte polyploidy and maturity are critical to acquiring specialized liver functions. Multiple intra- and extracellular factors influence ploidy, but how they cooperate temporally to steer liver polyploidization and maturation or how post-transcriptional mechanisms integrate into these paradigms is unknown. Here, we identified an important regulatory hierarchy in which postnatal activation of Epithelial-Splicing-Regulatory-Protein-2 (ESRP2) stimulates biogenesis of liver-specific microRNA (miR-122), thereby facilitating polyploidization, maturation, and functional competence of hepatocytes. By determining transcriptome-wide protein-RNA interactions in vivo and integrating them with single-cell and bulk hepatocyte RNA-seq datasets, we delineate an ESRP2-driven RNA processing program that drives sequential replacement of fetal-to-adult transcript isoforms. Specifically, ESRP2 binds the primary miR-122 host gene transcript to promote its processing/biogenesis. Combining constitutive and inducible ESRP2 gain- and loss-of-function mice models with miR-122 rescue experiments, we demonstrate that timed activation of ESRP2 augments miR-122-driven program of cytokinesis failure, ensuring proper onset and extent of hepatocyte polyploidization.
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3
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Utami T, Danoy M, Khadim RR, Tokito F, Arakawa H, Kato Y, Kido T, Miyajima A, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. A highly efficient cell culture method using oxygen-permeable PDMS-based honeycomb microwells produces functional liver organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived carboxypeptidase M liver progenitor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1178-1190. [PMID: 38184815 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in bioengineering have introduced potential alternatives to liver transplantation via the development of self-assembled liver organoids, derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the limited maturity of the tissue makes it challenging to implement this technology on a large scale in clinical settings. In this study, we developed a highly efficient method for generating functional liver organoids from hiPSC-derived carboxypeptidase M liver progenitor cells (CPM+ LPCs), using a microwell structure, and enhanced maturation through direct oxygenation in oxygen-permeable culture plates. We compared the morphology, gene expression profile, and function of the liver organoid with those of cells cultured under conventional conditions using either monolayer or spheroid culture systems. Our results revealed that liver organoids generated using polydimethylsiloxane-based honeycomb microwells significantly exhibited enhanced albumin secretion, hepatic marker expression, and cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Additionally, the oxygenated organoids consisted of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, which showed increased expression of bile transporter-related genes as well as enhanced bile transport function. Oxygen-permeable polydimethylsiloxane membranes may offer an efficient approach to generating highly mature liver organoids consisting of diverse cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Utami
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rubina Rahaman Khadim
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Liu CJ, Smith JT, Wang Y, Ouellette JN, Rogers JD, Oliner JD, Szulczewski M, Wait E, Brown W, Wax A, Eliceiri KW, Rafter J. Assessing cell viability with dynamic optical coherence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1408-1417. [PMID: 38495713 PMCID: PMC10942685 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Assessing cell viability is important in many fields of research. Current optical methods to assess cell viability typically involve fluorescent dyes, which are often less reliable and have poor permeability in primary tissues. Dynamic optical coherence microscopy (dOCM) is an emerging tool that provides label-free contrast reflecting changes in cellular metabolism. In this work, we compare the live contrast obtained from dOCM to viability dyes, and for the first time to our knowledge, demonstrate that dOCM can distinguish live cells from dead cells in murine syngeneic tumors. We further demonstrate a strong correlation between dOCM live contrast and optical redox ratio by metabolic imaging in primary mouse liver tissue. The dOCM technique opens a new avenue to apply label-free imaging to assess the effects of immuno-oncology agents, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and cell therapies using live tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao J. Liu
- Elephas Biosciences
Corporation, 1 Erdman Place, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Jason T. Smith
- Elephas Biosciences
Corporation, 1 Erdman Place, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Elephas Biosciences
Corporation, 1 Erdman Place, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual
Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison,
2828 Marshall Ct, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Wait
- Elephas Biosciences
Corporation, 1 Erdman Place, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - William Brown
- Lumedica Inc.,
404 Hunt Street, Suite 510, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Lumedica Inc.,
404 Hunt Street, Suite 510, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell
Imaging, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
| | - John Rafter
- Elephas Biosciences
Corporation, 1 Erdman Place, Madison, WI 53717, USA
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5
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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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6
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Lee GS, Purdy MA, Choi Y. Cell Culture Systems for Studying Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1527. [PMID: 37511902 PMCID: PMC10381383 DOI: 10.3390/life13071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections cause liver disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV infection remains a major global health problem. In 2019, 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B and about 5% of them were co-infected with HDV. In vitro cell culture systems are instrumental in the development of therapeutic targets. Cell culture systems contribute to identifying molecular mechanisms for HBV and HDV propagation, finding drug targets for antiviral therapies, and testing antiviral agents. Current HBV therapeutics, such as nucleoside analogs, effectively suppress viral replication but are not curative. Additionally, no effective treatment for HDV infection is currently available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies to treat both viral infections. A robust in vitro cell culture system supporting HBV and HDV infections (HBV/HDV) is a critical prerequisite to studying HBV/HDV pathogenesis, the complete life cycle of HBV/HDV infections, and consequently identifying new therapeutics. However, the lack of an efficient cell culture system hampers the development of novel antiviral strategies for HBV/HDV infections. In vitro cell culture models have evolved with significant improvements over several decades. Recently, the development of the HepG2-NTCP sec+ cell line, expressing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor (NTCP) and self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) has opened new perspectives for a better understanding of HBV and HDV lifecycles and the development of specific antiviral drug targets against HBV/HDV infections. We address various cell culture systems along with different cell lines and how these cell culture systems can be used to provide better tools for HBV and HDV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sanghee Lee
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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7
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Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang H, Mao Y. 3D bioprinted liver tissue and disease models: Current advances and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213499. [PMID: 37295133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue constructs with biomimetic biological functions and stable mechanical properties. In this review, the characteristics of different bioprinting technologies and materials are compared, and development in strategies for bioprinting normal and diseased hepatic tissue are summarized. In particular, features of bioprinting and other bio-fabrication strategies, such as organoids and spheroids are compared to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of 3D printing technology. Directions and suggestions, such as vascularization and primary human hepatocyte culture, are provided for the future development of 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of General Surgery, The First affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuquan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & PUMC, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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8
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Nikolopoulos VK, Augustine R, Camci-Unal G. Harnessing the potential of oxygen-generating materials and their utilization in organ-specific delivery of oxygen. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1567-1588. [PMID: 36688522 PMCID: PMC10015602 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of transplantable organs hinders the success of patient treatment through organ transplantation. In addition, there are challenges with immune rejection and the risk of disease transmission when receiving organs from other individuals. Tissue engineering aims to overcome these challenges by generating functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. When developing tissues or organs of a particular shape, structure, and size as determined by the specific needs of the therapeutic intervention, a tissue specific oxygen supply to all parts of the tissue construct is an utmost requirement. Moreover, the lack of a functional vasculature in engineered tissues decreases cell survival upon implantation in the body. Oxygen-generating materials can alleviate this challenge in engineered tissue constructs by providing oxygen in a sustained and controlled manner. Oxygen-generating materials can be incorporated into 3D scaffolds allowing the cells to receive and utilize oxygen efficiently. In this review, we present an overview of the use of oxygen-generating materials in various tissue engineering applications in an organ specific manner as well as their potential use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios K Nikolopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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9
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Rezvani M, Vallier L, Guillot A. Modeling Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Dish Using Human-Specific Platforms: Strategies and Limitations. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1135-1145. [PMID: 36740045 PMCID: PMC10031472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting multiple cell types of the human liver. The high prevalence of NAFLD and the lack of approved therapies increase the demand for reliable models for the preclinical discovery of drug targets. In the last decade, multiple proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated human-specific NAFLD modeling in the dish. These systems have included technologies based on human induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives, liver tissue section cultures, intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids, and liver-on-a-chip. These platforms differ in functional maturity, multicellularity, scalability, and spatial organization. Identifying an appropriate model for a specific NAFLD-related research question is challenging. Therefore, we review different platforms for their strengths and limitations in modeling NAFLD. To define the fidelity of the current human in vitro NAFLD models in depth, we define disease hallmarks within the NAFLD spectrum that range from steatosis to severe fibroinflammatory tissue injury. We discuss how the most common methods are efficacious in modeling genetic contributions and aspects of the early NAFLD-related tissue response. We also highlight the shortcoming of current models to recapitulate the complexity of inter-organ crosstalk and the chronic process of liver fibrosis-to-cirrhosis that usually takes decades in patients. Importantly, we provide methodological overviews and discuss implementation hurdles (eg, reproducibility or costs) to help choose the most appropriate NAFLD model for the individual research focus: hepatocyte injury, ductular reaction, cellular crosstalk, or other applications. In sum, we highlight current strategies and deficiencies to model NAFLD in the dish and propose a framework for the next generation of human-specific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rezvani
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Clinician-Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Weaver JR, Odanga JJ, Wolf KK, Piekos S, Biven M, Taub M, LaRocca J, Thomas C, Byer-Alcorace A, Chen J, Lee JB, LeCluyse EL. The morphology, functionality, and longevity of a novel all human hepatic cell-based tri-culture system. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Cao L, Zhao H, Qian M, Shao C, Zhang Y, Yang J. Construction of polysaccharide scaffold-based perfusion bioreactor supporting liver cell aggregates for drug screening. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:2249-2269. [PMID: 35848470 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding a suitable microenvironment of liver cells is the key challenge to enhancing the expression of hepatic functions for drug screening in vitro. To improve the microenvironment by providing the specific adhesive ligands for hepatocytes in the three-dimensional dynamic culture, a perfusion bioreactor with a pectin/alginate blend porous scaffold was constructed in this study. The galactosyl component in the main chain of pectin was able to be specifically recognized by the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the surface of hepatocytes, and subsequently promoted the adhesion and aggregation of hepatocytes co-cultured with hepatic non-parenchymal cells. The bioreactor was optimized for 4 h of dynamic inoculation followed by perfusion at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, which provided adequate oxygen supply and good mass transfer to the liver cells. During dynamic cultured in the bioreactor for 14 days, more multicellular aggregates were formed and were evenly distributed in the pectin/alginate blend scaffolds. The expressions of intercellular interaction and hepatic functions of the hepatocytes in aggregates were significantly enhanced in the three-dimensional dynamic group. Furthermore, the bioreactor not only markedly upregulated the cell polarity markers expression of hepatocytes but also enhanced their metabolic capacity to acetaminophen, isoniazid, and tolbutamide, which exhibited a significant concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the pectin/alginate blend scaffold-based perfusion bioreactor appeared to be a promising candidate in the field of drug development and liver regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Biological Sample Resource Sharing Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huicun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Kaur S, Kidambi S, Ortega-Ribera M, Thuy LTT, Nieto N, Cogger VC, Xie WF, Tacke F, Gracia-Sancho J. In Vitro Models for the Study of Liver Biology and Diseases: Advances and Limitations. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:559-571. [PMID: 36442812 PMCID: PMC9868680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models of liver (patho)physiology, new technologies, and experimental approaches are progressing rapidly. Based on cell lines, induced pluripotent stem cells or primary cells derived from mouse or human liver as well as whole tissue (slices), such in vitro single- and multicellular models, including complex microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems, provide tools to functionally understand mechanisms of liver health and disease. The International Society of Hepatic Sinusoidal Research (ISHSR) commissioned this working group to review the currently available in vitro liver models and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each in the context of evaluating their use for the study of liver functionality, disease modeling, therapeutic discovery, and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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The Potential of Cell Sheet Technology for Beta Cell Replacement Therapy. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Here, we review the use of cell sheet technology using different cell types and its potential for restoring the extracellular matrix microenvironment, perfusion, and immunomodulatory action on islets and beta cells.
Recent Findings
Cell sheets can be produced with different fabrication techniques ranging from the widely used temperature responsive system to the magnetic system. A variety of cells have been used to produce cell sheets including skin fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
Summary
CST would allow to recreate the ECM of islets which would provide cues to support islet survival and improvement of islet function. Depending on the used cell type, different additional supporting properties like immunoprotection or cues for better revascularization could be provided. Furthermore, CST offers the possibility to use other implantation sites than inside the liver. Further research should focus on cell sheet thickness and size to generate a potential translational therapy.
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14
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Cox B, Barton P, Class R, Coxhead H, Delatour C, Gillent E, Henshall J, Isin EM, King L, Valentin JP. Setup of human liver-chips integrating 3D models, microwells and a standardized microfluidic platform as proof-of-concept study to support drug evaluation. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 7:100054. [PMID: 36824483 PMCID: PMC9934436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 3D liver microtissues/spheroids are powerful in vitro models to study drug-induced liver injury (DILI) but the small number of cells per spheroid limits the models' usefulness to study drug metabolism. In this work, we scale up the number of spheroids on both a plate and a standardized organ-chip platform by factor 100 using a basic method which requires only limited technical expertise. We successfully generated up to 100 spheroids using polymer-coated microwells in a 96-well plate (= liver-plate) or organ-chip (= liver-chip). Liver-chips display a comparable cellular CYP3A4 activity, viability, and biomarker expression as liver spheroids for at least one week, while liver-plate cultures display an overall reduced hepatic functionality. To prove its applicability to drug discovery and development, the liver-chip was used to test selected reference compounds. The test system could discriminate toxicity of the DILI-positive compound tolcapone from its less hepatotoxic structural analogue entacapone, using biochemical and morphological readouts. Following incubation with diclofenac, the liver-chips had an increased metabolite formation compared to standard spheroid cultures. In summary, we generated a human liver-chip model using a standardized organ-chip platform which combines up to 100 spheroids and can be used for the evaluation of both drug safety and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Cox
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium,Corresponding author.
| | - Patrick Barton
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, 216 Bath Rd, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Reiner Class
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Hannah Coxhead
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Claude Delatour
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Eric Gillent
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jamie Henshall
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, 216 Bath Rd, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Emre M. Isin
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Lloyd King
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, 216 Bath Rd, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, Chemin du Foriest 1, B1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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15
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Komori K, Usui M, Hatano K, Hori Y, Hirono K, Zhu D, Tokito F, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Kimura H. In vitro enzymatic electrochemical monitoring of glucose metabolism and production in rat primary hepatocytes on highly O 2 permeable plates. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107972. [PMID: 34666223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In situ continuous glucose monitoring under physiological culture conditions is imperative in understanding the dynamics of cell and tissue behaviors and their physiological responses since glucose plays an important role in principal source of biological energy. We therefore examined physiologically relevant dynamic changes in glucose levels based on glucose metabolism and production during aerobic culture (10% O2) of rat primary hepatocytes stimulated with insulin or glucagon on a highly O2 permeable plate, which can maintain the oxygen concentration close to the periportal zone of the liver. As glucose monitoring devices, we used oxygen-independent glucose dehydrogenase-modified single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes placed close to the surface of the hepatocytes. The current response of glucose oxidation slightly decreased after the addition of insulin in the presence of glucose due to the acceleration of glucose uptake by the hepatocytes, whereas that significantly increased after the addition of glucagon and fructose even in the absence of glucose due to the conversion of fructose to glucose based on gluconeogenesis. These phenomena might be consistent relatively with the physiological behaviors of hepatocytes in the periportal region. The present monitoring system would be useful for the studies of glucose homeostasis and diabetes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuo Komori
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Kindai University, Takaya-Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan; Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masataka Usui
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Hatano
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuma Hori
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Kindai University, Takaya-Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Keita Hirono
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dongchen Zhu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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16
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Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Melton DA. Cell maturation: Hallmarks, triggers, and manipulation. Cell 2022; 185:235-249. [PMID: 34995481 PMCID: PMC8792364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How cells become specialized, or "mature," is important for cell and developmental biology. While maturity is usually deemed a terminal fate, it may be more helpful to consider maturation not as a switch but as a dynamic continuum of adaptive phenotypic states set by genetic and environment programing. The hallmarks of maturity comprise changes in anatomy (form, gene circuitry, and interconnectivity) and physiology (function, rhythms, and proliferation) that confer adaptive behavior. We discuss efforts to harness their chemical (nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors) and physical (mechanical, spatial, and electrical) triggers in vitro and in vivo and how maturation strategies may support disease research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R. Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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17
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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18
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Wang AJ, Allen A, Sofman M, Sphabmixay P, Yildiz E, Griffith LG. Engineering Modular 3D Liver Culture Microenvironments In Vitro to Parse the Interplay between Biophysical and Biochemical Microenvironment Cues on Hepatic Phenotypes. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100049. [PMID: 35872804 PMCID: PMC9307216 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of human liver functions are used across a diverse range of applications in preclinical drug development and disease modeling, with particular increasing interest in models that capture facets of liver inflammatory status. This study investigates how the interplay between biophysical and biochemical microenvironment cues influence phenotypic responses, including inflammation signatures, of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) cultured in a commercially available perfused bioreactor. A 3D printing-based alginate microwell system was designed to form thousands of hepatic spheroids in a scalable manner as a comparator 3D culture modality to the bioreactor. Soft, synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel scaffolds with biophysical properties mimicking features of liver were engineered to replace polystyrene scaffolds, and the biochemical microenvironment was modulated with a defined set of growth factors and signaling modulators. The supplemented media significantly increased tissue density, albumin secretion, and CYP3A4 activity but also upregulated inflammatory markers. Basal inflammatory markers were lower for cells maintained in ECM hydrogel scaffolds or spheroid formats than polystyrene scaffolds, while hydrogel scaffolds exhibited the most sensitive response to inflammation as assessed by multiplexed cytokine and RNA-seq analyses. Together, these engineered 3D liver microenvironments provide insights for probing human liver functions and inflammatory response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wang
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Allysa Allen
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marianna Sofman
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pierre Sphabmixay
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ece Yildiz
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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19
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Morita A, Yamada M, Utoh R, Momiyama K, Iwadate H, Seki M. Formation of 3D tissues of primary hepatocytes using fibrillized collagen microparticles as intercellular binders. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:265-272. [PMID: 34903469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous attempts have been made to organize isolated primary hepatocytes into functional three-dimensional (3D) constructs, but technologies to introduce extracellular matrix (ECM) components into such assemblies have not been fully developed. Here we report a new approach to forming hepatocyte-based 3D tissues using fibrillized collagen microparticles (F-CMPs) as intercellular binders. We created thick tissues with a thickness of ∼200 μm simply by mixing F-CMPs with isolated primary rat hepatocytes and culturing them in cell culture inserts. Owing to the incorporated F-CMPs, the circular morphology of the formed tissues was stabilized, which was strong enough to be manually manipulated and retrieved from the chamber of the insert. We confirmed that the F-CMPs dramatically improved the cell viability and hepatocyte-specific functions such as albumin production and urea synthesis in the formed tissues. The presented approach provides a versatile strategy for hepatocyte-based tissue engineering, and will have a significant impact on biomedical applications and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Rie Utoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kanta Momiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwadate
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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20
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Liu WM, Zhou X, Chen CY, Lv DD, Huang WJ, Peng Y, Wu HP, Chen Y, Tang D, Guo LN, Wang XL, Zhang HD, Liu XH, Yang LQ, Yu WF, Yan HX. Establishment of Functional Liver Spheroids From Human Hepatocyte-Derived Liver Progenitor-Like Cells for Cell Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:738081. [PMID: 34858956 PMCID: PMC8630579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.738081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, about two million people die from liver diseases every year. Liver transplantation is the only reliable therapy for severe end-stage liver disease, however, the shortage of organ donors is a huge limitation. Human hepatocytes derived liver progenitor-like cells (HepLPCs) have been reported as a novel source of liver cells for development of in vitro models, cell therapies, and tissue-engineering applications, but their functionality as transplantation donors is unclear. Here, a 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture system using HepLPCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was developed. These HepLPC spheroids mimicked the cellular interactions and architecture of mature hepatocytes, as confirmed through ultrastructure morphology, gene expression profile and functional assays. HepLPCs encapsulated in alginate beads are able to mitigate liver injury in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), while alginate coating protects the cells from immune attack. We confirmed these phenomena due to HUVECs producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to promote HepLPCs maturation and enhance HepLPCs tight junction through MET phosphorylation. Our results display the efficacy and safety of the alginate microencapsulated spheroids in animal model with acute liver injury (ALF), which may suggest a new strategy for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ping Wu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Celliver Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Xin Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Celliver Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Utoh R, Enomoto S, Yamada M, Yamanaka K, Yajima Y, Furusawa K, Seki M. Polyanion-induced, microfluidic engineering of fragmented collagen microfibers for reconstituting extracellular environments of 3D hepatocyte culture. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112417. [PMID: 34579926 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artificial biological scaffolds made of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as type I collagen, provide ideal physicochemical cues to various cell culture platforms. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate micrometer-sized ECM materials with precisely controlled morphologies that could reconstitute the 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments surrounding cells. In the present study, we proposed a unique process to fabricate fragmented collagen microfibers using a microfluidic laminar-flow system. The continuous flow of an acidic collagen solution was neutralized to generate solid fibers, which were subsequently fragmented by applying a gentle shear stress in a polyanion-containing phosphate buffer. The morphology of the fiber fragment was controllable in a wide range by changing the type and/or concentration of the polyanion and by tuning the applied shear stress. The biological benefits of the fragmented fibers were investigated through the formation of multicellular spheroids composed of primary rat hepatocytes and microfibers on non-cell-adhesive micro-vessels. The microfibers enhanced the survival and functions of the hepatocytes and reproduced proper cell polarity, because the fibers facilitated the formation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions while modulating the close packing of cells. These results clearly indicated that the microengineered fragmented collagen fibers have great potential to reconstitute extracellular microenvironments for hepatocytes in 3D culture, which will be of significant benefit for cell-based drug testing and bottom-up tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Utoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sakiko Enomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Yajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Furusawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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22
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Sphabmixay P, Raredon MSB, Wang AJS, Lee H, Hammond PT, Fang NX, Griffith LG. High resolution stereolithography fabrication of perfusable scaffolds to enable long-term meso-scale hepatic culture for disease modeling. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34479229 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac23aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), comprising human cell cultured in formats that capture features of the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments of native human organs under microperfusion, are promising tools for biomedical research. Here we report the development of a mesoscale physiological system (MePS) enabling the long-term 3D perfused culture of primary human hepatocytes at scales of over 106cells per MPS. A central feature of the MePS, which employs a commercially-available multiwell bioreactor for perfusion, is a novel scaffold comprising a dense network of nano- and micro-porous polymer channels, designed to provide appropriate convective and diffusive mass transfer of oxygen and other nutrients while maintaining physiological values of shear stress. The scaffold design is realized by a high resolution stereolithography fabrication process employing a novel resin. This new culture system sustains mesoscopic hepatic tissue-like cultures with greater hepatic functionality (assessed by albumin and urea synthesis, and CYP3A4 activity) and lower inflammation markers compared to comparable cultures on the commercial polystyrene scaffold. To illustrate applications to disease modeling, we established an insulin-resistant phenotype by exposing liver cells to hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic media. Future applications of the MePS include the co-culture of hepatocytes with resident immune cells and the integration with multiple organs to model complex liver-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sphabmixay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Alex J-S Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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23
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Ferrari E, Rasponi M. Liver-Heart on chip models for drug safety. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031505. [PMID: 34286172 PMCID: PMC8282347 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pre-clinical models to evaluate drug safety during the drug development process (DDP) mainly rely on traditional two-dimensional cell cultures, considered too simplistic and often ineffective, or animal experimentations, which are costly, time-consuming, and not truly representative of human responses. Their clinical translation thus remains limited, eventually causing attrition and leading to high rates of failure during clinical trials. These drawbacks can be overcome by the recently developed Organs-on-Chip (OoC) technology. OoC are sophisticated in vitro systems capable of recapitulating pivotal architecture and functionalities of human organs. OoC are receiving increasing attention from the stakeholders of the DDP, particularly concerning drug screening and safety applications. When a drug is administered in the human body, it is metabolized by the liver and the resulting compound may cause unpredicted toxicity on off-target organs such as the heart. In this sense, several liver and heart models have been widely adopted to assess the toxicity of new or recalled drugs. Recent advances in OoC technology are making available platforms encompassing multiple organs fluidically connected to efficiently assess and predict the systemic effects of compounds. Such Multi-Organs-on-Chip (MOoC) platforms represent a disruptive solution to study drug-related effects, which results particularly useful to predict liver metabolism on off-target organs to ultimately improve drug safety testing in the pre-clinical phases of the DDP. In this review, we focus on recently developed liver and heart on chip systems for drug toxicity testing. In addition, MOoC platforms encompassing connected liver and heart tissues have been further reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ferrari
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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24
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Polidoro MA, Ferrari E, Marzorati S, Lleo A, Rasponi M. Experimental liver models: From cell culture techniques to microfluidic organs-on-chip. Liver Int 2021; 41:1744-1761. [PMID: 33966344 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most studied organs of the human body owing to its central role in xenobiotic and drug metabolism. In recent decades, extensive research has aimed at developing in vitro liver models able to mimic liver functions to study pathophysiological clues in high-throughput and reproducible environments. Two-dimensional (2D) models have been widely used in screening potential toxic compounds but have failed to accurately reproduce the three-dimensionality (3D) of the liver milieu. To overcome these limitations, improved 3D culture techniques have been developed to recapitulate the hepatic native microenvironment. These models focus on reproducing the liver architecture, representing both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, as well as cell interactions. More recently, Liver-on-Chip (LoC) models have been developed with the aim of providing physiological fluid flow and thus achieving essential hepatic functions. Given their unprecedented ability to recapitulate critical features of the liver cellular environments, LoC have been extensively adopted in pathophysiological modelling and currently represent a promising tool for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. In this review, we discuss the evolution of experimental liver models, from the ancient 2D hepatocyte models, widely used for liver toxicity screening, to 3D and LoC culture strategies adopted for mirroring a more physiological microenvironment for the study of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Anna Polidoro
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Marzorati
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Best Practices and Progress in Precision-Cut Liver Slice Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137137. [PMID: 34281187 PMCID: PMC8267882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) were described as a promising tool and were expected to become the standard in vitro model to study liver disease as they tick off all characteristics of a good in vitro model. In contrast to most in vitro models, PCLS retain the complex 3D liver structures found in vivo, including cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and therefore should constitute the most reliable tool to model and to investigate pathways underlying chronic liver disease in vitro. Nevertheless, the biggest disadvantage of the model is the initiation of a procedure-induced fibrotic response. In this review, we describe the parameters and potential of PCLS cultures and discuss whether the initially described limitations and pitfalls have been overcome. We summarize the latest advances in PCLS research and critically evaluate PCLS use and progress since its invention in 1985.
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26
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Lee-Montiel FT, Laemmle A, Charwat V, Dumont L, Lee CS, Huebsch N, Okochi H, Hancock MJ, Siemons B, Boggess SC, Goswami I, Miller EW, Willenbring H, Healy KE. Integrated Isogenic Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Liver and Heart Microphysiological Systems Predict Unsafe Drug-Drug Interaction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667010. [PMID: 34025426 PMCID: PMC8138446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPSs) mimicking human organ function in vitro are an emerging alternative to conventional monolayer cell culture and animal models for drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to capture the diversity of human genetics and provide an unlimited supply of cells. Combining hiPSCs with microfluidics technology in MPSs offers new perspectives for drug development. Here, the integration of a newly developed liver MPS with a cardiac MPS—both created with the same hiPSC line—to study drug–drug interaction (DDI) is reported. As a prominent example of clinically relevant DDI, the interaction of the arrhythmogenic gastroprokinetic cisapride with the fungicide ketoconazole was investigated. As seen in patients, metabolic conversion of cisapride to non-arrhythmogenic norcisapride in the liver MPS by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 was inhibited by ketoconazole, leading to arrhythmia in the cardiac MPS. These results establish integration of hiPSC-based liver and cardiac MPSs to facilitate screening for DDI, and thus drug efficacy and toxicity, isogenic in the same genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe T Lee-Montiel
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Laemmle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Charwat
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Laure Dumont
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caleb S Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Brian Siemons
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Steven C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Goswami
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evan W Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Holger Willenbring
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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27
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Asadi M, Khalili M, Lotfi H, Vaghefi Moghaddam S, Zarghami N, André H, Alizadeh E. Liver bioengineering: Recent trends/advances in decellularization and cell sheet technologies towards translation into the clinic. Life Sci 2021; 276:119373. [PMID: 33744324 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel technologies provides the best tissue constructs engineering and maximizes their therapeutic effects in regenerative therapy, especially for liver dysfunctions. Among the currently investigated approaches of tissue engineering, scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissues are widely suggested for liver regeneration. Analogs of liver acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) are utilized in native scaffolds to increase the self-repair and healing ability of organs. Native ECM analog could improve liver repairing through providing the supportive framework for cells and signaling molecules, exerting normal biomechanical, biochemical, and physiological signal complexes. Recently, innovative cell sheet technology is introduced as an alternative for conventional tissue engineering with the advantage of fewer scaffold restrictions and cell culture on a Thermo-Responsive Polymer Surface. These sheets release the layered cells through a temperature-controlled procedure without enzymatic digestion, while preserving the cell-ECM contacts and adhesive molecules on cell-cell junctions. In addition, several novelties have been introduced into the cell sheet and decellularization technologies to aid cell growth, instruct differentiation/angiogenesis, and promote cell migration. In this review, recent trends, advancements, and issues linked to translation into clinical practice are dissected and compared regarding the decellularization and cell sheet technologies for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institute, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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28
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Shinohara M, Arakawa H, Oda Y, Shiraki N, Sugiura S, Nishiuchi T, Satoh T, Iino K, Leo S, Kato Y, Araya K, Kawanishi T, Nakatsuji T, Mitsuta M, Inamura K, Goto T, Shinha K, Nihei W, Komori K, Nishikawa M, Kume S, Kato Y, Kanamori T, Sakai Y, Kimura H. Coculture with hiPS-derived intestinal cells enhanced human hepatocyte functions in a pneumatic-pressure-driven two-organ microphysiological system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5437. [PMID: 33686099 PMCID: PMC7940409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining intestine-liver interactions is important for achieving the desired physiological drug absorption and metabolism response in in vitro drug tests. Multi-organ microphysiological systems (MPSs) constitute promising tools for evaluating inter-organ interactions in vitro. For coculture on MPSs, normal cells are challenging to use because they require complex maintenance and careful handling. Herein, we demonstrated the potential of coculturing normal cells on MPSs in the evaluation of intestine-liver interactions. To this end, we cocultured human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes which were isolated from PXB mice with medium circulation in a pneumatic-pressure-driven MPS with pipette-friendly liquid-handling options. The cytochrome activity, albumin production, and liver-specific gene expressions in human hepatocytes freshly isolated from a PXB mouse were significantly upregulated via coculture with hiPS-intestinal cells. Our normal cell coculture shows the effects of the interactions between the intestine and liver that may occur in vivo. This study is the first to demonstrate the coculturing of hiPS-intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes on an MPS for examining pure inter-organ interactions. Normal-cell coculture using the multi-organ MPS could be pursued to explore unknown physiological mechanisms of inter-organ interactions in vitro and investigate the physiological response of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Oda
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Advanced Science Research Centre, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taku Satoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keita Iino
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sylvia Leo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Karin Araya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakatsuji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Manami Mitsuta
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inamura
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Goto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Shinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Nihei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kikuo Komori
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
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29
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Tamai M, Fujiyama Y, Tagawa YI. Hepatocytes and Endothelial Networks in a Fluid-Based In Vitro Model of Liver Drug Metabolism. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1160-1167. [PMID: 33267675 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver toxicity remains a major cause of drug withdrawal from animal testing and human clinical trials. A functional liver culture model corresponding to the liver is urgently required; however, in previous liver models, it has proven difficult to stably maintain multiple liver functions. Previously reported fluid-based systems have some advantages for hepatocyte culture, but have insufficient liver-specific functions because they simply involve moving conventional hepatocyte cultures from a dish into a fluid-based system. Importantly, these cultures have no liver tissue-specific structures that construct liver-specific cellular polarities, such as apical, basolateral, and basal faces. In this study, we developed a fluid-based system for our liver tissue culture models. The liver tissues that were constructed in our originally designed fluid-based systems represent a tissue culture model for studying hepatic functions. Together, our findings show that by mimicking the structure of the liver in the body, our system effectively maintains multiple liver-specific functions. Impact statement A functional liver culture model corresponding to the liver is urgently required; however, in previous liver models, it has proven difficult to stably maintain multiple liver functions. In this study, we developed a fluid-based system for our liver tissue culture models. The liver tissues that were constructed in our originally designed fluid-based systems represent a tissue culture model for studying hepatic functions. Together, our findings show that by mimicking the structure of the liver in the body, our system effectively maintains multiple liver-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Tamai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Fujiyama
- Bio-Industry Unit Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoh-Ichi Tagawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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30
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In Vitro Infection with Hepatitis B Virus Using Differentiated Human Serum Culture of Huh7.5-NTCP Cells without Requiring Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010097. [PMID: 33445753 PMCID: PMC7828204 DOI: 10.3390/v13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated two billion people worldwide have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite the high infectivity of HBV in vivo, a lack of easily infectable in vitro culture systems hinders studies of HBV. Overexpression of the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) bile acid transporter in hepatoma cells improved infection efficiency. We report here a hepatoma cell culture system that does not require dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for HBV infection. We overexpressed NTCP in Huh7.5 cells and allowed these cells to differentiate in a medium supplemented with human serum (HS) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). We show that human serum culture enhanced HBV infection in Huh7.5-NTCP cells, e.g., in HS cultures, HBV pgRNA levels were increased by as much as 200-fold in comparison with FBS cultures and 19-fold in comparison with FBS+DMSO cultures. Human serum culture increased levels of hepatocyte differentiation markers, such as albumin secretion, in Huh7.5-NTCP cells to similar levels found in primary human hepatocytes. N-glycosylation of NTCP induced by culture in human serum may contribute to viral entry. Our study demonstrates an in vitro HBV infection of Huh7.5-NTCP cells without the use of potentially toxic DMSO.
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Mun SJ, Lee J, Chung KS, Son MY, Son MJ. Effect of Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids on CYP3A4-Mediated Metabolic Activation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010126. [PMID: 33440728 PMCID: PMC7827634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate prediction of the hepatotoxicity of new drug targets during nonclinical drug development is important to avoid postmarketing drug withdrawals and late-stage failures. We previously established long-term expandable and functional human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoids as an alternative source for primary human hepatocytes. However, PSC-derived organoids are known to present immature fetal characteristics. Here, we treated these liver organoids with microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to improve metabolic maturation based on microenvironmental changes in the liver during postnatal development. The effects of the three main SCFA components (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and their mixture on liver organoids were determined. Propionate (1 µM) significantly promoted the CYP3A4/CYP3A7 expression ratio, and acetate (1 µM), propionate (1 µM), and butyrate (1 µM) combination treatment, compared to no treatment (control), substantially increased CYP3A4 activity and albumin secretion, as well as gene expression. More importantly, mixed SCFA treatment accurately revealed troglitazone-induced hepatotoxicity, which was redeemed on a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole treatment. Overall, we determined, for the first time, that SCFA mixture treatment might contribute to the accurate evaluation of the CYP3A4-dependent drug toxicity by improving metabolic activation, including CYP3A4 expression, of liver organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseo Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.J.M.); (J.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.S.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4426 (M.-Y.S.); +82-42-860-4477 (M.J.S.)
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Shoemaker JT, Zhang W, Atlas SI, Bryan RA, Inman SW, Vukasinovic J. A 3D Cell Culture Organ-on-a-Chip Platform With a Breathable Hemoglobin Analogue Augments and Extends Primary Human Hepatocyte Functions in vitro. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:568777. [PMID: 33195413 PMCID: PMC7645268 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.568777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures and organ-on-a-chip technologies have opened the door to recapitulate complex aspects of human physiology, pathology, and drug responses in vitro. The challenges regarding oxygen delivery, throughput, assay multiplexing, and experimental complexity are addressed to ensure that perfused 3D cell culture organ-on-a-chip models become a routine research tool adopted by academic and industrial stakeholders. To move the field forward, we present a throughput-scalable organ-on-a-chip insert system that requires a single tube to operate 48 statistically independent 3D cell culture organ models. Then, we introduce in-well perfusion to circumvent the loss of cell signaling and drug metabolites in otherwise one-way flow of perfusate. Further, to augment the relevancy of 3D cell culture models in vitro, we tackle the problem of oxygen transport by blood using, for the first time, a breathable hemoglobin analog to improve delivery of respiratory gases to cells, because in vivo approximately 98% of oxygen delivery to cells takes place via reversible binding to hemoglobin. Next, we show that improved oxygenation shifts cellular metabolic pathways toward oxidative phosphorylation that contributes to the maintenance of differentiated liver phenotypes in vitro. Lastly, we demonstrate that the activity of cytochrome P450 family of drug metabolizing enzymes is increased and prolonged in primary human hepatocytes cultured in 3D compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell culture gold standard with important ramifications for drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions and pharmacokinetic studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanrui Zhang
- Lena Biosciences, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States
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Sun P, Zhang G, Su X, Jin C, Yu B, Yu X, Lv Z, Ma H, Zhang M, Wei W, Li W. Maintenance of Primary Hepatocyte Functions In Vitro by Inhibiting Mechanical Tension-Induced YAP Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3212-3222.e4. [PMID: 31801084 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver, performing its metabolic, detoxification, and endocrine functions. Functional hepatocytes are extremely valuable in drug discovery and evaluation, as well as in cell therapy for liver diseases. However, it has been a long-standing challenge to maintain the functions of hepatocytes in vitro. Even freshly isolated hepatocytes lose essential functions after short-term culture for reasons that are still not well understood. In the present study, we find that mechanical tension-induced yes-associated protein activation triggers hepatocyte dedifferentiation. Alleviation of mechanical tension by confining cell spreading is sufficient to inhibit hepatocyte dedifferentiation. Based on this finding, we identify a small molecular cocktail through reiterative chemical screening that can maintain hepatocyte functions over the long term and in vivo repopulation capacity by targeting actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction. Our work reveals the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte dedifferentiation and establishes feasible approaches to maintain hepatocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinlu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuman Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haoxin Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics, and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wanguo Wei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Sasikumar S, Chameettachal S, Kingshott P, Cromer B, Pati F. 3D hepatic mimics - the need for a multicentric approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:052002. [PMID: 32460259 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab971c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a center of metabolic activity, including the metabolism of drugs, and consequently is prone to drug-induced liver injury. Failure to detect hepatotoxicity of drugs during their development will lead to the withdrawal of the drugs during clinical trials. To avoid such clinical and economic consequences, in vitro liver models that can precisely predict the toxicity of a drug during the pre-clinical phase is necessary. This review describes the different technologies that are used to develop in vitro liver models and the different approaches aimed at mimicking different functional aspects of the liver at the fundamental level. This involves mimicking of the functional and structural units like the sinusoid, the bile canalicular system, and the acinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sasikumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Farzaneh Z, Abbasalizadeh S, Asghari-Vostikolaee MH, Alikhani M, Cabral JMS, Baharvand H. Dissolved oxygen concentration regulates human hepatic organoid formation from pluripotent stem cells in a fully controlled bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3739-3756. [PMID: 32725885 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing technologies for scalable production of human organoids has gained increased attention for "organoid medicine" and drug discovery. We developed a scalable and integrated differentiation process for generation of hepatic organoid from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor with 150 ml working volume by application of physiological oxygen concentrations in different liver tissue zones. We found that the 20-40% dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] (corresponded to 30-60 mmHg pO2 within the liver tissue) significantly influences the process outcome via regulating the differentiation fate of hPSC aggregates by enhancing mesoderm induction. Regulation of the [DO] at 30% DO resulted in efficient generation of human fetal-like hepatic organoids that had a uniform size distribution and were comprised of red blood cells and functional hepatocytes, which exhibited improved liver-specific marker gene expressions, key liver metabolic functions, and, more important, higher inducible cytochrome P450 activity compared to the other trials. These hepatic organoids were successfully engrafted in an acute liver injury mouse model and produced albumin after implantation. These results demonstrated the significant impact of the dissolved oxygen concentration on hPSC hepatic differentiation fate and differentiation efficacy that should be considered ascritical translational aspect of established scalable liver organoid generation protocols for potential clinical and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Asghari-Vostikolaee
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Lucifora J, Michelet M, Rivoire M, Protzer U, Durantel D, Zoulim F. Two-dimensional-cultures of primary human hepatocytes allow efficient HBV infection: Old tricks still work! J Hepatol 2020; 73:449-451. [PMID: 32423632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France.
| | - Maud Michelet
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France; Department of Hepatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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37
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Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Vosough M, Montazeri L, Ghanian MH, Baharvand H, Piryaei A. Generation of Scalable Hepatic Micro-Tissues as a Platform for Toxicological Studies. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:459-475. [PMID: 32666397 PMCID: PMC7392990 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an urgent need for scalable and reliable in vitro models to assess the effects of therapeutic entities on the human liver. Hepatoma cell lines, including Huh-7, show weakly resemblance to human hepatocytes, limiting their significance in toxicity studies. Co-culture of hepatic cells with non-parenchymal cells, and the presence of extracellular matrix have been shown to influence the biological behavior of hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to generate the scalable and functional hepatic micro-tissues (HMTs). METHODS The size-controllable HMTs were generated through co-culturing of Huh-7 cells by mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a composite hydrogel of liver-derived extracellular matrix and alginate, using an air-driven droplet generator. RESULTS The generated HMTs were functional throughout a culture period of 28 days, as assessed by monitoring glycogen storage, uptake of low-density lipoprotein and indocyanine green. The HMTs also showed increased secretion levels of albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen, and production of urea. Evaluating the expression of genes involved in hepatic-specific and drug metabolism functions indicated a significant improvement in HMTs compared to two-dimensional (2D) culture of Huh-7 cells. Moreover, in drug testing assessments, HMTs showed higher sensitivity to hepatotoxins compared to 2D cultured Huh-7 cells. Furthermore, induction and inhibition potency of cytochrome P450 enzymes confirmed that the HMTs can be used for in vitro drug screening. CONCLUSION Overall, we developed a simple and scalable method for generation of liver micro-tissues, using Huh-7, with improved hepatic-specific functionality, which may represent a biologically relevant platform for drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darakhshan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Ali Bidmeshki Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran.
| | - Reza Kowsari-Esfahan
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4719, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Scheidecker B, Shinohara M, Sugimoto M, Danoy M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Induction of in vitro Metabolic Zonation in Primary Hepatocytes Requires Both Near-Physiological Oxygen Concentration and Flux. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:524. [PMID: 32656187 PMCID: PMC7325921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical drug screening is an important step in assessing the metabolic effects and hepatic toxicity of new pharmaceutical compounds. However, due to the complexity of the liver microarchitecture, simplified in vitro models do not adequately reflect in vivo situations. Especially spatial heterogeneity, known as metabolic zonation, is often lost due to limitations introduced by typical culture conditions. By culturing primary rat hepatocytes in varied ambient oxygen levels on either gas-permeable or non-permeable culture plates, we highlight the importance of biomimetic oxygen supply for the targeted induction of zonation-like phenotypes. Resulting cellular profiles illustrate the effect of pericellular oxygen concentration and consumption rates on hepatic functionality in terms of zone-specific metabolism and β-catenin signaling. We show that modulation of ambient oxygen tension can partially induce metabolic zonation in vitro when considering high supply rates, leading to in vivo-like drug metabolism. However, when oxygen supply is limited, similar modulation instead triggers an ischemic reprogramming, resembling metabolic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and increasing susceptibility toward drug-induced injury. Application of this knowledge will allow for the development of more accurate drug screening models to better identify adverse effects in hepatic drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS UMI 2820, LIMMS, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ehrlich A, Duche D, Ouedraogo G, Nahmias Y. Challenges and Opportunities in the Design of Liver-on-Chip Microdevices. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 21:219-239. [PMID: 31167098 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central hub of xenobiotic metabolism and consequently the organ most prone to cosmetic- and drug-induced toxicity. Failure to detect liver toxicity or to assess compound clearance during product development is a major cause of postmarketing product withdrawal, with disastrous clinical and financial consequences. While small animals are still the preferred model in drug development, the recent ban on animal use in the European Union created a pressing need to develop precise and efficient tools to detect human liver toxicity during cosmetic development. This article includes a brief review of liver development, organization, and function and focuses on the state of the art of long-term cell culture, including hepatocyte cell sources, heterotypic cell-cell interactions, oxygen demands, and culture medium formulation. Finally, the article reviews emerging liver-on-chip devices and discusses the advantages and pitfalls of individual designs. The goal of this review is to provide a framework to design liver-on-chip devices and criteria with which to evaluate this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Duche
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois 93600, France
| | | | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.,Tissue Dynamics Ltd., Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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40
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Agarwal T, Borrelli MR, Makvandi P, Ashrafizadeh M, Maiti TK. Paper-Based Cell Culture: Paving the Pathway for Liver Tissue Model Development on a Cellulose Paper Chip. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3956-3974. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Hurrell T, Kastrinou-Lampou V, Fardellas A, Hendriks DFG, Nordling Å, Johansson I, Baze A, Parmentier C, Richert L, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Human Liver Spheroids as a Model to Study Aetiology and Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040964. [PMID: 32295224 PMCID: PMC7227007 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects approximately one billion adults worldwide. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive disease and underlies the advancement to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, for which there are no FDA-approved drug therapies. We developed a hetero-cellular spheroid system comprised of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) co-cultured with crude fractions of primary human liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC) from several matched or non-matched donors, to identify phenotypes with utility in investigating NASH pathogenesis and drug screening. Co-culture spheroids displayed stable expression of hepatocyte markers (albumin, CYP3A4) with the integration of stellate (vimentin, PDGFRβ), endothelial (vWF, PECAM1), and CD68-positive cells. Several co-culture spheroids developed a fibrotic phenotype either spontaneously, primarily observed in PNPLA3 mutant donors, or after challenge with free fatty acids (FFA), as determined by COL1A1 and αSMA expression. This phenotype, as well as TGFβ1 expression, was attenuated with an ALK5 inhibitor. Furthermore, CYP2E1, which has a strong pro-oxidant effect, was induced by NPCs and FFA. This system was used to evaluate the effects of anti-NASH drug candidates, which inhibited fibrillary deposition following 7 days of exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that this system is suitable for the evaluation of NASH pathogenesis and screening of anti-NASH drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Hurrell
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Vlasia Kastrinou-Lampou
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Achilleas Fardellas
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Delilah F. G. Hendriks
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Åsa Nordling
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Inger Johansson
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Audrey Baze
- KaLy-Cell, 67115 Plobsheim, France; (A.B.); (C.P.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Ingelman-Sundberg Group, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.H.); (V.K.-L.); (A.F.); (D.F.G.H.); (Å.N.); (I.J.)
- Correspondence:
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42
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Jha DK, Shah DS, Talele SR, Amin PD. Correlation of two validated methods for the quantification of naringenin in its solid dispersion: HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methods. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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43
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Burton L, Scaife P, Paine SW, Mellor HR, Abernethy L, Littlewood P, Rauch C. Hydrostatic pressure regulates CYP1A2 expression in human hepatocytes via a mechanosensitive aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C889-C902. [PMID: 32159360 PMCID: PMC7294326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00472.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of xenobiotics are primarily eliminated through metabolism; thus the accurate scaling of metabolic clearance is vital to successful drug development. Yet, when data is scaled from in vitro to in vivo, hepatic metabolic clearance, the primary source of metabolism, is still commonly underpredicted. Over the past decades, with biophysics used as a key component to restore aspects of the in vivo environment, several new cell culture settings have been investigated to improve hepatocyte functionalities. Most of these studies have focused on shear stress, i.e., flow mediated by a pressure gradient. One potential conclusion of these studies is that hepatocytes are naturally "mechanosensitive," i.e., they respond to a change in their biophysical environment. We demonstrate that hepatocytes also respond to an increase in hydrostatic pressure that, we suggest, is directly linked to the lobule geometry and vessel density. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure improves albumin production and increases cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2 expression levels in an aryl hydrocarbon-dependent manner in human hepatocytes. Increased albumin production and CYP function are commonly attributed to the impacts of shear stress in microfluidic experiments. Therefore, our results highlight evidence of a novel link between hydrostatic pressure and CYP metabolism and demonstrate that the spectrum of hepatocyte mechanosensitivity might be larger than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Burton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Scaife
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart W Paine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Howard R Mellor
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Europe Ltd., Abingdon Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Abernethy
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Europe Ltd., Abingdon Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Littlewood
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Europe Ltd., Abingdon Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
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44
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Louisse J, Alewijn M, Peijnenburg AA, Cnubben NH, Heringa MB, Coecke S, Punt A. Towards harmonization of test methods for in vitro hepatic clearance studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Expansion, in vivo-ex vivo cycling, and genetic manipulation of primary human hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1678-1688. [PMID: 31915293 PMCID: PMC6983380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919035117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to study human liver disease is limited by available hepatocyte models. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and xenograft models suffer from limited availability, donor-to-donor variability, and high cost. Here we report two transformative advances. First, the alkaloid retrorsine improves humanization of the murine liver, which allows routine production of highly humanized mice and high-quality mouse-passaged PHH. Second, the ability to genetically modify PHH cultures and retransplant to create highly humanized mice with genetically altered grafts. When combined, these two advances open new frontiers for creating disease-specific PHH models and for performing genetic and other screens in PHH. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are an essential tool for modeling drug metabolism and liver disease. However, variable plating efficiencies, short lifespan in culture, and resistance to genetic manipulation have limited their use. Here, we show that the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine improves PHH repopulation of chimeric mice on average 10-fold and rescues the ability of even poorly plateable donor hepatocytes to provide cells for subsequent ex vivo cultures. These mouse-passaged (mp) PHH cultures overcome the marked donor-to-donor variability of cryopreserved PHH and remain functional for months as demonstrated by metabolic assays and infection with hepatitis B virus and Plasmodium falciparum. mpPHH can be efficiently genetically modified in culture, mobilized, and then recultured as spheroids or retransplanted to create highly humanized mice that carry a genetically altered hepatocyte graft. Together, these advances provide flexible tools for the study of human liver disease and evaluation of hepatocyte-targeted gene therapy approaches.
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46
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Winer BY, Gaska JM, Lipkowitz G, Bram Y, Parekh A, Parsons L, Leach R, Jindal R, Cho CH, Shrirao A, Novik E, Schwartz RE, Ploss A. Analysis of Host Responses to Hepatitis B and Delta Viral Infections in a Micro-scalable Hepatic Co-culture System. Hepatology 2020; 71:14-30. [PMID: 31206195 PMCID: PMC6917996 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health problem with 257 million chronically infected individuals worldwide, of whom approximately 20 million are co-infected with hepatitis delta virus (HDV). Progress toward a better understanding of the complex interplay between these two viruses and the development of novel therapies have been hampered by the scarcity of suitable cell culture models that mimic the natural environment of the liver. Here, we established HBV and HBV/HDV co-infections and super-infections in self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) for up to 28 days in a 384-well format and highlight the suitability of this platform for high-throughput drug testing. We performed RNA sequencing at days 8 and 28 on SACC-PHHs, either HBV mono-infected or HBV/HDV co-infected. Our transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that hepatocytes in SACC-PHHs maintain a mature hepatic phenotype over time, regardless of infection condition. We confirm that HBV is a stealth virus, as it does not induce a strong innate immune response; rather, oxidative phosphorylation and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions are dysregulated to create an environment that promotes persistence. Notably, HDV co-infection also did not lead to statistically significant transcriptional changes across multiple donors and replicates. The lack of innate immune activation is not due to SACC-PHHs being impaired in their ability to induce interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Rather, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid exposure activates ISGs, and this stimulation significantly inhibits HBV infection, yet only minimally affects the ability of HDV to infect and persist. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the SACC-PHH system is a versatile platform for studying HBV/HDV co-infections and holds promise for performing chemical library screens and improving our understanding of the host response to such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jenna M. Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gabriel Lipkowitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amit Parekh
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Lance Parsons
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert Leach
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Cheul H. Cho
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Anil Shrirao
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Eric Novik
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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47
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Damm G, Schicht G, Zimmermann A, Rennert C, Fischer N, Kießig M, Wagner T, Kegel V, Seehofer D. Effect of glucose and insulin supplementation on the isolation of primary human hepatocytes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:1071-1091. [PMID: 31839763 PMCID: PMC6909377 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) remain the gold standard for in vitro investigations of xenobiotic metabolism and hepatotoxicity. However, scarcity of liver tissue and novel developments in liver surgery has limited the availability and quality of tissue samples. In particular, warm ischemia shifts the intracellular metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, which increases glycogenolysis, glucose depletion and energy deficiency. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementation with glucose and insulin during PHH isolation could reconstitute intracellular glycogen storage and beneficially affect viability and functionality. Furthermore, the study elucidated whether the susceptibility of the tissue's energy status correlates with body mass index (BMI). PHHs from 12 donors were isolated from human liver tissue obtained from partial liver resections using a two-step EDTA/collagenase perfusion technique. For a direct comparison of the influence of glucose/insulin supplementation, we modified the setup, enabling the parallel isolation of two pieces of one tissue sample with varying perfusate. Independent of the BMI of the patient, the glycogen content in liver tissue was notably low in the majority of samples. Furthermore, supplementation with glucose and insulin had no beneficial effect on the glycogen concentration of isolated PHHs. However, an indirect improvement of the availability of energy was shown by increased viability, plating efficiency and partial cellular activity after supplementation. The plating efficiency showed a striking inverse correlation with increasing lipid content of PHHs. However, 60 h of cultivation time revealed no significant impact on the maintenance of albumin and urea synthesis or xenobiotic metabolism after supplementation. In conclusion, surgical procedures and tissue handling may decrease hepatic energy resources and lead to cell stress and death. Consequently, PHHs with low energy resources die during the isolation process without supplementation of glucose/insulin or early cell culture, while their survival rates are improved with glucose/insulin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerda Schicht
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Zimmermann
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Rennert
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Kießig
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Wagner
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Kegel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Chang JH, Sangaraju D, Liu N, Jaochico A, Plise E. Comprehensive Evaluation of Bile Acid Homeostasis in Human Hepatocyte Co-Culture in the Presence of Troglitazone, Pioglitazone, and Acetylsalicylic Acid. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4230-4240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae H. Chang
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Allan Jaochico
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emile Plise
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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49
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Katsuda T, Kawamata M, Inoue A, Yamaguchi T, Abe M, Ochiya T. Long‐term maintenance of functional primary human hepatocytes using small molecules. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:114-125. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Kawamata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ayako Inoue
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Maki Abe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
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50
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Ye S, Boeter JWB, Penning LC, Spee B, Schneeberger K. Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E59. [PMID: 31284412 PMCID: PMC6784004 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem W B Boeter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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