1
|
Ortega-Arzola E, Higgins PM, Cockell CS. The minimum energy required to build a cell. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5267. [PMID: 38438463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the energy requirements for cell synthesis accurately and comprehensively has been a longstanding challenge. We introduce a computational model that estimates the minimum energy necessary to build any cell from its constituent parts. This method combines omics and internal cell compositions from various sources to calculate the Gibbs Free Energy of biosynthesis independently of specific metabolic pathways. Our public tool, Synercell, can be used with other models for minumum species-specific energy estimations in any well-sequenced species. The energy for synthesising the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and lipid bilayer of four cell types: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an average mammalian cell and JCVI-syn3A were estimated. Their modelled minimum synthesis energies at 298 K were 9.54 × 10 - 11 J/cell, 4.99 × 10 - 9 J/cell, 3.71 × 10 - 7 J/cell and 3.69 × 10 - 12 respectively. Gram-for-gram synthesis of lipid bilayers requires the most energy, followed by the proteome, genome, and transcriptome. The average per gram cost of biomass synthesis is in the 300s of J/g for all four cells. Implications for the generalisability of cell construction and applications to biogeosciences, cellular biology, biotechnology, and astrobiology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ortega-Arzola
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Peter M Higgins
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles S Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee C, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. Super-Resolution Imaging of Voltages in the Interior of Individual, Vital Mitochondria. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1345-1356. [PMID: 37289571 PMCID: PMC10795477 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present super-resolution microscopy of isolated functional mitochondria, enabling real-time studies of structure and function (voltages) in response to pharmacological manipulation. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential as a function of time and position can be imaged in different metabolic states (not possible in whole cells), created by the addition of substrates and inhibitors of the electron transport chain, enabled by the isolation of vital mitochondria. By careful analysis of structure dyes and voltage dyes (lipophilic cations), we demonstrate that most of the fluorescent signal seen from voltage dyes is due to membrane bound dyes, and develop a model for the membrane potential dependence of the fluorescence contrast for the case of super-resolution imaging, and how it relates to membrane potential. This permits direct analysis of mitochondrial structure and function (voltage) of isolated, individual mitochondria as well as submitochondrial structures in the functional, intact state, a major advance in super-resolution studies of living organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChiaHung Lee
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center
for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter J. Burke
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crosswell AD, Mayer SE, Whitehurst LN, Picard M, Zebarjadian S, Epel ES. Deep rest: An integrative model of how contemplative practices combat stress and enhance the body's restorative capacity. Psychol Rev 2024; 131:247-270. [PMID: 38147050 PMCID: PMC11003855 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in contemplative practice like meditation, yoga, and prayer, is beneficial for psychological and physical well-being. Recent research has identified several underlying psychological and biological pathways that explain these benefits. However, there is not yet consensus on the underlying overlapping physiological mechanisms of contemplative practice benefits. In this article, we integrate divergent scientific literatures on contemplative practice interventions, stress science, and mitochondrial biology, presenting a unified biopsychosocial model of how contemplative practices reduce stress and promote physical health. We argue that engaging in contemplative practice facilitates a restorative state termed "deep rest," largely through safety signaling, during which energetic resources are directed toward cellular optimization and away from energy-demanding stress states. Our model thus presents a framework for how contemplative practices enhance positive psychological and physiological functioning by optimizing cellular energy consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Crosswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ge G, Yang W, Qian X, Tian Y, Yang Y. Acyl-caged rhodamines: photo-controlled and self-calibrated generation of acetyl radicals for neural function recovery in early AD mice. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11689-11698. [PMID: 37920344 PMCID: PMC10619617 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological function of radicals is a broad continuum from signaling to killing. Yet, biomedical exploitation of radicals is largely restricted to the theme of healing-by-killing. To explore their potential in healing-by-signaling, robust radical generation methods are warranted. Acyl radicals are endogenous, exhibit facile chemistry and elicit matrix-dependent biological outcomes. Their implications in health and disease remain untapped, primarily due to the lack of a robust generation method with spatiotemporal specificity. Fusing the Norrish chemistry into the xanthene scaffold, we developed a novel general and modular molecular design strategy for photo-triggered generation of acyl radicals, i.e., acyl-caged rhodamine (ACR). A notable feature of ACR is the simultaneous release of a fluorescent probe for cell redox homeostasis allowing real-time monitoring of the biological outcome of acyl radicals. With a donor of the endogenous acetyl radical (ACR575a), we showcased its capability in precise and continuous modulation of the cell redox homeostasis from signaling to stress, and induction of a local oxidative burst to promote differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Upon intracerebral-injection of ACR575a and subsequent fiber-optical activation, early AD mice exhibited enhanced differentiation of NSCs toward neurons, reduced formation of Aβ plaques, and significantly improved cognitive abilities, including learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Chongqing South Road 280 Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cailun Road 1200 Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cailun Road 1200 Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Chongqing South Road 280 Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Piotrowska-Nowak A, Safranow K, Adamczyk JG, Sołtyszewski I, Cięszczyk P, Tońska K, Żekanowski C, Borzemska B. Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Polish Elite Athletes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12992. [PMID: 37629173 PMCID: PMC10454803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy efficiency is one of the fundamental athletic performance-affecting features of the cell and the organism as a whole. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups have been linked to the successful practice of various sports, but despite numerous studies, understanding of the correlation is far from being comprehensive. In this study, the mtDNA sequence and copy number were determined for 99 outstanding Polish male athletes performing in power (n = 52) or endurance sports (n = 47) and 100 controls. The distribution of haplogroups, single nucleotide variant association, heteroplasmy, and mtDNA copy number were analyzed in the blood and saliva. We found no correlation between any haplogroup, single nucleotide variant, especially rare or non-synonymous ones, and athletic performance. Interestingly, heteroplasmy was less frequent in the study group, especially in endurance athletes. We observed a lower mtDNA copy number in both power and endurance athletes compared to controls. This could result from an inactivity of compensatory mechanisms activated by disadvantageous variants present in the general population and indicates a favorable genetic makeup of the athletes. The results emphasize a need for a more comprehensive analysis of the involvement of the mitochondrial genome in physical performance, combining nucleotide and copy number analysis in the context of nuclear gene variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piotrowska-Nowak
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (A.P.-N.); (K.T.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jakub G. Adamczyk
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34 Street, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sołtyszewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1 Street, 02-007 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (C.Ż.)
| | - Katarzyna Tońska
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (A.P.-N.); (K.T.)
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (C.Ż.)
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Beata Borzemska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (C.Ż.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osorio T, Scoma ER, Shain DH, Melissaratos DS, Riggs LM, Hambardikar V, Solesio ME. The Glacier Ice Worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, Elevates Mitochondrial Inorganic Polyphosphate (PolyP) Levels in Response to Stress. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121771. [PMID: 36552279 PMCID: PMC9774917 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP), is present in all organisms examined to date with putative functions ranging from the maintenance of bioenergetics to stress resilience and protein homeostasis. Bioenergetics in the glacier-obligate, segmented worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, is characterized by a paradoxical increase in intracellular ATP levels as temperatures decline. We show here that steady-state, mitochondrial polyP levels vary among species of Annelida, but were elevated only in M. solifugus in response to thermal stress. In contrast, polyP levels decreased with temperature in the mesophilic worm, Enchytraeus crypticus. These results identify fundamentally different bioenergetic strategies between closely related annelid worms, and suggest that I worm mitochondria maintain ATP and polyP in a dynamic equilibrium.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bobba-Alves N, Juster RP, Picard M. The energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105951. [PMID: 36302295 PMCID: PMC10082134 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for the transduction of chronic stress into disease over time. The energetic model of allostatic load (EMAL) emphasizes the energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load, where the "load" is the additional energetic burden required to support allostasis and stress-induced energy needs. Living organisms have a limited capacity to consume energy. Overconsumption of energy by allostatic brain-body processes leads to hypermetabolism, defined as excess energy expenditure above the organism's optimum. In turn, hypermetabolism accelerates physiological decline in cells, laboratory animals, and humans, and may drive biological aging. Therefore, we propose that the transition from adaptive allostasis to maladaptive allostatic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload arises when the added energetic cost of stress competes with longevity-promoting growth, maintenance, and repair. Mechanistically, the energetic restriction of growth, maintenance and repair processes leads to the progressive wear-and-tear of molecular and organ systems. The proposed model makes testable predictions around the physiological, cellular, and sub-cellular energetic mechanisms that transduce chronic stress into disease risk and mortality. We also highlight new avenues to quantify allostatic load and its link to health across the lifespan, via the integration of systemic and cellular energy expenditure measurements together with classic allostatic load biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bobba-Alves
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Radzvilavicius AL, Johnston IG. Organelle bottlenecks facilitate evolvability by traversing heteroplasmic fitness valleys. Front Genet 2022; 13:974472. [PMID: 36386853 PMCID: PMC9650085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.974472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic organelles-mitochondria and plastids-retain their own genomes (mtDNA and ptDNA), and these organelle DNA (oDNA) molecules are vital for eukaryotic life. Like all genomes, oDNA must be able to evolve to suit new environmental challenges. However, mixed oDNA populations in cells can challenge cellular bioenergetics, providing a penalty to the appearance and adaptation of new mutations. Here we show that organelle "bottlenecks," mechanisms increasing cell-to-cell oDNA variability during development, can overcome this mixture penalty and facilitate the adaptation of beneficial mutations. We show that oDNA heteroplasmy and bottlenecks naturally emerge in evolutionary simulations subjected to fluctuating environments, demonstrating that this evolvability is itself evolvable. Usually thought of as a mechanism to clear damaging mutations, organelle bottlenecks therefore also resolve the tension between intracellular selection for pure cellular oDNA populations and the "bet-hedging" need for evolvability and adaptation to new environments. This general theory suggests a reason for the maintenance of organelle heteroplasmy in cells, and may explain some of the observed diversity in organelle maintenance and inheritance across taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunas L. Radzvilavicius
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iain G. Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simon L, Molina PE. Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence for Alcohol-induced Adaptations. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac039. [PMID: 36120487 PMCID: PMC9469757 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. In addition, alcohol dysregulates major metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. These bioenergetic alterations are influenced by alcohol-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. The review highlights similarities and differences in bioenergetic adaptations according to tissue type, pattern of (acute vs. chronic) alcohol use, and energy substrate availability. The compromised bioenergetics synergizes with other critical pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress and accelerates cellular dysfunction, promoting senescence, programmed cell death, and end-organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maurya SK, Baghel MS, Gaurav, Chaudhary V, Kaushik A, Gautam A. Putative role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain dysfunctions: a prospect. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 35934991 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the virus primarily damages the respiratory and cardiovascular systems after binding to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, it has the potential to affect all major organ systems, including the human nervous system. There are multiple clinical reports of anosmia, dizziness, headache, nausea, ageusia, encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, memory loss, and neurological complications in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Though the molecular mechanism of these brain dysfunctions during SARS-CoV-2 infection is elusive, the mitochondria seem to be an integral part of this pathogenesis. Emerging research findings suggest that the dysfunctional mitochondria and associated altered bioenergetics in the infected host cells lead to altered energy metabolism in the brain of Covid-19 patients. The interactome between viral proteins and mitochondrial proteins during Covid-19 pathogenesis also provides evidence for the involvement of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2-induced brain dysfunctions. The present review discusses the possible role of mitochondria in disturbing the SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain functions, with the potential to use this information to prevent and treat these impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghraj S Baghel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaurav
- Department of Botany, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith ALM, Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Mitochondrial
DNA
mutations in aging and cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3276-3294. [PMID: 35842901 PMCID: PMC9490137 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor for malignant transformation and the development of cancer. As such, over 50% of neoplasms occur in individuals over the age of 70. The pathologies of both ageing and cancer have been characterized by respective groups of molecular hallmarks, and while some features are divergent between the two pathologies, several are shared. Perturbed mitochondrial function is one such common hallmark, and this observation therefore suggests that mitochondrial alterations may be of significance in age‐related cancer development. There is now considerable evidence documenting the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in ageing human postmitotic and replicative tissues. Similarly, mutations of the mitochondrial genome have been reported in human cancers for decades. The plethora of functions in which mitochondria partake, such as oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, apoptosis and numerous biosynthetic pathways, manifests a variety of ways in which alterations in mtDNA may contribute to tumour growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which mtDNA mutations contribute to tumour progression remain elusive and often contradictory. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and describe future direction within the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna LM Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Julia C Whitehall
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee C, Chen Y, Wang P, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. A Three-Dimensional Printed Inertial Microfluidic Platform for Isolation of Minute Quantities of Vital Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6930-6938. [PMID: 35502898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fast and easy-to-use three-dimensional printed microfluidic platform for mitochondria isolation from cell and tissue lysates based on inertial microfluidics. We present and quantify the quality of the isolated mitochondria by measuring the respiration rate under various conditions. We demonstrate that the technology produces vital mitochondria of equal quality to traditional, but more burdensome, differential centrifugation. We anticipate that the availability of improved tools for studies of bioenergetics to the broader biological community will enable these and other links to be explored in more meaningful ways, leading to further understanding of the links between energy, health, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChiaHung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yumay Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter J Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen W, Mao X. Extensive alternative splicing triggered by mitonuclear mismatch in naturally introgressed Rhinolophus bats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12003-12010. [PMID: 34522356 PMCID: PMC8427577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function needs strong interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear (mitonuclear) genomes, which can be disrupted by mitonuclear mismatch due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression between two formerly isolated populations or taxa. This mitonuclear disruption may cause severe cellular stress in mismatched individuals. Gene expression changes and alternative splicing (AS) are two important transcriptional regulations to respond to environmental or cellular stresses. We previously identified a naturally introgressed population in the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis). Individuals from this population belong to R. a. himalayanus and share almost identical nuclear genetic background; however, some of them had mtDNA from another subspecies (R. a. macrurus). With this unique natural system, we examined gene expression changes in six tissues between five mitonuclear mismatched and five matched individuals. A small number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that most DEGs were related to immune response although some may be involved in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, we identified extensive AS events and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) between mismatched and matched individuals. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that multiple ASGs were directly or indirectly associated with energy production in mitochondria which is vital for survival of organism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of AS in responding to cellular stress caused by mitonuclear mismatch in natural populations. Our results suggest that AS may play a more important role than gene expression regulation in responding to severe environmental or cellular stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiuguang Mao
- School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC)East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Orekhov AN, Gerasimova EV, Sukhorukov VN, Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG. Do Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Play a Key Role in the Chronification of Sterile Inflammation? Special Focus on Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:276-292. [PMID: 33045961 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201012164330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the elucidation of mechanisms implicated in the chronification of inflammation is to shed light on the pathogenesis of disorders that are responsible for the majority of the incidences of diseases and deaths, and also causes of ageing. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most significant inflammatory pathology. The inflammatory response of innate immunity is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis arising locally or focally. Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was regarded as the trigger for this response. No atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall occur due to the quick decrease in inflammation rate. Nonetheless, the atherosclerotic lesion formation can be a result of the chronification of local inflammation, which, in turn, is caused by alteration of the response of innate immunity. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discussed potential mechanisms of the altered response of the immunity in atherosclerosis with a particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunctions. CONCLUSION A few mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Moreover, mtDNA mutations were found to affect the development of defective mitophagy. Modern investigations have demonstrated the controlling mitophagy function in response to the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that impaired mitophagy, as a consequence of mutations in mtDNA, can raise a disturbed innate immunity response, resulting in the chronification of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Gerasimova
- V. A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Nikita G Nikiforov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Quantifying simultaneous innovations in evolutionary medicine. Theory Biosci 2020; 139:319-335. [PMID: 33241494 PMCID: PMC7719117 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-020-00333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To what extent do simultaneous innovations occur and are independently from each other? In this paper we use a novel persistent keyword framework to systematically identify innovations in a large corpus containing academic papers in evolutionary medicine between 2007 and 2011. We examine whether innovative papers occurring simultaneously are independent from each other by evaluating the citation and co-authorship information gathered from the corpus metadata. We find that 19 out of 22 simultaneous innovative papers do, in fact, occur independently from each other. In particular, co-authors of simultaneous innovative papers are no more geographically concentrated than the co-authors of similar non-innovative papers in the field. Our result suggests producing innovative work draws from a collective knowledge pool, rather than from knowledge circulating in distinct localized collaboration networks. Therefore, new ideas can appear at multiple locations and with geographically dispersed co-authorship networks. Our findings support the perspective that simultaneous innovations are the outcome of collective behavior.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hill GE. Genetic hitchhiking, mitonuclear coadaptation, and the origins of mt DNA barcode gaps. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9048-9059. [PMID: 32953045 PMCID: PMC7487244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial (mt) nucleotide sequences is an enigma. Neutral models of mt evolution predict DNA barcoding cannot work for recently diverged taxa, and yet, mt DNA barcoding accurately delimits species for many bilaterian animals. Meanwhile, mt DNA barcoding often fails for plants and fungi. I propose that because mt gene products must cofunction with nuclear gene products, the evolution of mt genomes is best understood with full consideration of the two environments that impose selective pressure on mt genes: the external environment and the internal genomic environment. Moreover, it is critical to fully consider the potential for adaptive evolution of not just protein products of mt genes but also of mt transfer RNAs and mt ribosomal RNAs. The tight linkage of genes on mt genomes that do not engage in recombination could facilitate selective sweeps whenever there is positive selection on any element in the mt genome, leading to the purging of mt genetic diversity within a population and to the rapid fixation of novel mt DNA sequences. Accordingly, the most important factor determining whether or not mt DNA sequences diagnose species boundaries may be the extent to which the mt chromosomes engage in recombination.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chevalier RL. Bioenergetic Evolution Explains Prevalence of Low Nephron Number at Birth: Risk Factor for CKD. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:863-879. [PMID: 35372951 PMCID: PMC8815749 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is greater than tenfold variation in nephron number of the human kidney at birth. Although low nephron number is a recognized risk factor for CKD, its determinants are poorly understood. Evolutionary medicine represents a new discipline that seeks evolutionary explanations for disease, broadening perspectives on research and public health initiatives. Evolution of the kidney, an organ rich in mitochondria, has been driven by natural selection for reproductive fitness constrained by energy availability. Over the past 2 million years, rapid growth of an energy-demanding brain in Homo sapiens enabled hominid adaptation to environmental extremes through selection for mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA epigenetically regulated by allocation of energy to developing organs. Maternal undernutrition or hypoxia results in intrauterine growth restriction or preterm birth, resulting in low birth weight and low nephron number. Regulated through placental transfer, environmental oxygen and nutrients signal nephron progenitor cells to reprogram metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. These processes are modulated by counterbalancing anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways that evolved from prokaryote homologs and by hypoxia-driven and autophagy pathways that evolved in eukaryotes. Regulation of nephron differentiation by histone modifications and DNA methyltransferases provide epigenetic control of nephron number in response to energy available to the fetus. Developmental plasticity of nephrogenesis represents an evolved life history strategy that prioritizes energy to early brain growth with adequate kidney function through reproductive years, the trade-off being increasing prevalence of CKD delayed until later adulthood. The research implications of this evolutionary analysis are to identify regulatory pathways of energy allocation directing nephrogenesis while accounting for the different life history strategies of animal models such as the mouse. The clinical implications are to optimize nutrition and minimize hypoxic/toxic stressors in childbearing women and children in early postnatal development.
Collapse
|
20
|
Picard M, Sandi C. The social nature of mitochondria: Implications for human health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:595-610. [PMID: 32651001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sociality has profound evolutionary roots and is observed from unicellular organisms to multicellular animals. In line with the view that social principles apply across levels of biological complexity, a growing body of data highlights the remarkable social nature of mitochondria - life-sustaining endosymbiotic organelles with their own genome that populate the cell cytoplasm. Here, we draw from organizing principles of behavior in social organisms to reveal that similar to individuals among social networks, mitochondria communicate with each other and with the cell nucleus, exhibit group formation and interdependence, synchronize their behaviors, and functionally specialize to accomplish specific functions within the organism. Mitochondria are social organelles. The extension of social principles across levels of biological complexity is a theoretical shift that emphasizes the role of communication and interdependence in cell biology, physiology, and neuroscience. With the help of emerging computational methods capable of capturing complex dynamic behavioral patterns, the implementation of social concepts in mitochondrial biology may facilitate cross-talk across disciplines towards increasingly holistic and accurate models of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alvarez-Mora MI, Santos C, Carreño-Gago L, Madrigal I, Tejada MI, Martinez F, Izquierdo-Alvarez S, Garcia-Arumi E, Mila M, Rodriguez-Revenga L. Role of mitochondrial DNA variants in the development of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:157-162. [PMID: 32173566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that appears in at least one-third of adult carriers of FMR1 premutation. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. In order to assess whether mitochondrial DNA variants are involved in the risk of developing FXTAS we evaluated the frequency of mitochondrial haplogroups in 132 unrelated Spanish FMR1 premutation carriers. In addition, the entire mitogenome of 26 FMR1 premutation carriers was sequenced using massively parallel sequencing technologies to analyze mitochondrial DNA variants. Statistical analyses reveal a significant difference in the frequency of T haplogroup. Data analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences evidence an association between FXTAS and the burden of heteroplasmic variants as well as their distribution. Our results suggest that haplogroup T might be a potential protective factor for FXTAS and that FXTAS individuals accumulate higher rates of heteroplasmic variants in compromised regions of the mitochondrial genome. These results may explain, in part, the role of mitochondrial DNA in the development of FXTAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Alvarez-Mora
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Santos
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lidia Carreño-Gago
- CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departament de Patología Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Madrigal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Tejada
- CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Izquierdo-Alvarez
- Genetics Department of Clinical Biochemistry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Arumi
- CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departament de Patología Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Àrea de Genètica Clínica i Molecular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mila
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Laia Rodriguez-Revenga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Rare Diseases, Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pedrola-Monfort J, Lázaro-Gimeno D, Boluda CG, Pedrola L, Garmendia A, Soler C, Soriano JM. Evolutionary Trends in the Mitochondrial Genome of Archaeplastida: How Does the GC Bias Affect the Transition from Water to Land? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030358. [PMID: 32178249 PMCID: PMC7154891 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the most intriguing mysteries in the evolutionary biology of photosynthetic organisms are the genesis and consequences of the dramatic increase in the mitochondrial and nuclear genome sizes, together with the concomitant evolution of the three genetic compartments, particularly during the transition from water to land. To clarify the evolutionary trends in the mitochondrial genome of Archaeplastida, we analyzed the sequences from 37 complete genomes. Therefore, we utilized mitochondrial, plastidial and nuclear ribosomal DNA molecular markers on 100 species of Streptophyta for each subunit. Hierarchical models of sequence evolution were fitted to test the heterogeneity in the base composition. The best resulting phylogenies were used for reconstructing the ancestral Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content and equilibrium GC frequency (GC*) using non-homogeneous and non-stationary models fitted with a maximum likelihood approach. The mitochondrial genome length was strongly related to repetitive sequences across Archaeplastida evolution; however, the length seemed not to be linked to the other studied variables, as different lineages showed diverse evolutionary patterns. In contrast, Streptophyta exhibited a powerful positive relationship between the GC content, non-coding DNA, and repetitive sequences, while the evolution of Chlorophyta reflected a strong positive linear relationship between the genome length and the number of genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pedrola-Monfort
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (D.L.-G.); (C.G.B.); (L.P.)
| | - David Lázaro-Gimeno
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (D.L.-G.); (C.G.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Carlos G. Boluda
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (D.L.-G.); (C.G.B.); (L.P.)
- Unité de Phylogénie et Génetique Moléculaires, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Chambésy, 1292 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laia Pedrola
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.P.-M.); (D.L.-G.); (C.G.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Alfonso Garmendia
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute, Department of Agroforest Ecosystems, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carla Soler
- Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Soriano
- Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-056
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Strong selective effects of mitochondrial DNA on the nuclear genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6616-6621. [PMID: 32156736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910141117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation, the primary source of cellular energy in eukaryotes, requires gene products encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. As a result, functional integration between the genomes is essential for efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Although within populations this integration is presumably maintained by coevolution, the importance of mitonuclear coevolution in key biological processes such as speciation and mitochondrial disease has been questioned. In this study, we crossed populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus to disrupt putatively coevolved mitonuclear genotypes in reciprocal F2 hybrids. We utilized interindividual variation in developmental rate among these hybrids as a proxy for fitness to assess the strength of selection imposed on the nuclear genome by alternate mitochondrial genotypes. Developmental rate varied among hybrid individuals, and in vitro ATP synthesis rates of mitochondria isolated from high-fitness hybrids were approximately two-fold greater than those of mitochondria isolated from low-fitness individuals. We then used Pool-seq to compare nuclear allele frequencies for high- or low-fitness hybrids. Significant biases for maternal alleles were detected on 5 (of 12) chromosomes in high-fitness individuals of both reciprocal crosses, whereas maternal biases were largely absent in low-fitness individuals. Therefore, the most fit hybrids were those with nuclear alleles that matched their mitochondrial genotype on these chromosomes, suggesting that mitonuclear effects underlie individual-level variation in developmental rate and that intergenomic compatibility is critical for high fitness. We conclude that mitonuclear interactions can have profound impacts on both physiological performance and the evolutionary trajectory of the nuclear genome.
Collapse
|
24
|
Buford TW, Manini TM, Kairalla JA, McDermott MM, Vaz Fragoso CA, Chen H, Fielding RA, King AC, Newman AB, Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variants Associated With Blood Pressure Among 2 Cohorts of Older Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010009. [PMID: 30371200 PMCID: PMC6222953 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Age‐related changes in blood pressure are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes. Genetic factors are proposed contributors to age‐related increases in blood pressure, but few genetic loci have been identified. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation in blood pressure by sequencing the mitochondrial genome. Methods and Results Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data from 1755 participants from the LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) studies and 788 participants from the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study were evaluated using replication analysis followed by meta‐analysis. Participants were aged ≥69 years, of diverse racial backgrounds, and assessed for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. After meta‐analysis across the LIFE and Health ABC studies, statistically significant associations of mtDNA variants with higher SBP (m.3197T>C, 16S rRNA; P=0.0005) and mean arterial pressure (m.15924A>G, t‐RNA‐thr; P=0.004) were identified in white participants. Among black participants, statistically significant associations with higher SBP (m.93A>G, HVII; m.16183A>C, HVI; both P=0.0001) and mean arterial pressure (m.16172T>C, HVI; m.16183A>C, HVI; m.16189T>C, HVI; m.12705C>T; all P's<0.0004) were observed. Significant pooled effects on SBP were observed across all transfer RNA regions (P=0.0056) in white participants. The individual and aggregate variant results are statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for the number of mtDNA variants and mitochondrial regions examined. Conclusions These results suggest that mtDNA‐encoded variants are associated with variation in SBP and mean arterial pressure among older adults. These results may help identify mitochondrial activities to explain differences in blood pressure in older adults and generate new hypotheses surrounding mtDNA variation and the regulation of blood pressure. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01072500 and NCT00116194.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Todd M Manini
- 2 Department of Aging and Geriatric Research University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - John A Kairalla
- 3 Department of Biostatistics University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Mary M McDermott
- 4 Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | | | - Haiying Chen
- 7 Department of Biostatistical Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
| | - Roger A Fielding
- 8 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Abby C King
- 9 Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Prevention Research Center Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Anne B Newman
- 10 Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh PA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- 11 California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacCormack JK, Muscatell KA. The metabolic mind: A role for leptin and ghrelin in affect and social cognition. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
Santolini J, Wootton SA, Jackson AA, Feelisch M. The Redox architecture of physiological function. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 9:34-47. [PMID: 31417975 PMCID: PMC6686734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of organisms to accommodate variations in metabolic need and environmental conditions is essential for their survival. However, an explanation is lacking as to how the necessary accommodations in response to these challenges are organized and coordinated from (sub)cellular to higher-level physiological functions, especially in mammals. We propose that the chemistry that enables coordination and synchronization of these processes dates to the origins of Life. We offer a conceptual framework based upon the nature of electron exchange (Redox) processes that co-evolved with biological complexification, giving rise to a multi-layered system in which intra/intercellular and inter-organ exchange processes essential to sensing and adaptation stay fully synchronized. Our analysis explains why Redox is both the lingua franca and the mechanism that enable integration by connecting the various elements of regulatory processes. We here define these interactions across levels of organization as the 'Redox Interactome'. This framework provides novel insight into the chemical and biological basis of Redox signalling and may explain the recent convergence of metabolism, bioenergetics, and inflammation as well as the relationship between Redox stress and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Santolini
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stephen A Wootton
- Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alan A Jackson
- Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hill GE, Havird JC, Sloan DB, Burton RS, Greening C, Dowling DK. Assessing the fitness consequences of mitonuclear interactions in natural populations. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1089-1104. [PMID: 30588726 PMCID: PMC6613652 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans exist only with a continuous and rich supply of chemical energy from oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The oxidative phosphorylation machinery that mediates energy conservation is encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and hence the products of these two genomes must interact closely to achieve coordinated function of core respiratory processes. It follows that selection for efficient respiration will lead to selection for compatible combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes, and this should facilitate coadaptation between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (mitonuclear coadaptation). Herein, we outline the modes by which mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may coevolve within natural populations, and we discuss the implications of mitonuclear coadaptation for diverse fields of study in the biological sciences. We identify five themes in the study of mitonuclear interactions that provide a roadmap for both ecological and biomedical studies seeking to measure the contribution of intergenomic coadaptation to the evolution of natural populations. We also explore the wider implications of the fitness consequences of mitonuclear interactions, focusing on central debates within the fields of ecology and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Havird
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Burton
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Chris Greening
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Damian K. Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aviv A. The mitochondrial genome, paternal age and telomere length in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0210. [PMID: 29335382 PMCID: PMC5784075 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) in humans is highly heritable and undergoes progressive age-dependent shortening in somatic cells. By contrast, sperm donated by older men display comparatively long telomeres, presumably because in the male germline, telomeres become longer with age. This puzzling phenomenon might explain why TL in the offspring correlates positively with paternal age. The present communication proposes that mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and heteroplasmy cause variation in the production of reactive oxygen species, which, in turn, mediate age-dependent selection of germ stem cells with long telomeres and hence sperm with long telomeres. These long telomeres are then inherited by the offspring. The effect of paternal age on the offspring TL might be an evolutionarily driven mechanism that helps regulate TL across the human population. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Exogenous Factors May Differentially Influence the Selective Costs of mtDNA Mutations. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE 2019; 231:51-74. [DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Vaz Fragoso CA, Manini TM, Kairalla JA, Buford TW, Hsu FC, Gill TM, Kritchevsky SB, McDermott MM, Sanders JL, Cummings SR, Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial DNA variants and pulmonary function in older persons. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:96-103. [PMID: 30508565 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We provide the first examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and pulmonary function in older persons. METHODS Cross-sectional associations between mtDNA variants and pulmonary function were evaluated as a combined p-values meta-analysis, using data from two independent cohorts of older persons. The latter included white and black participants, aged ≥70 years, from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders study (LIFE) (N = 1247) and the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (Health ABC) (N = 731), respectively. Pulmonary function included the forced expiratory volume in one-second as a Z-score (FEV1z) and the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in cm of water. RESULTS In black participants, significant associations were found between mtDNA variants and MIP: m.7146A > G, COI (p = 3E-5); m.7389 T > C, COI (p = 2E-4); m.15301G > A, CYB (p = 9E-5); m.16265A > G, HV1 (p = 9E-5); meta-analytical p-values <0.0002. Importantly, these mtDNA variants were unique to black participants and were not present in white participants. Moreover, in black participants, aggregate genetic effects on MIP were observed across mutations in oxidative phosphorylation complex IV (p = 0.004), complex V (p = 0.0007), and hypervariable (p = 0.003) regions. The individual and aggregate variant results were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Otherwise, no significant associations were detected for MIP in whites or for FEV1z in whites or blacks. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that mtDNA variants of African origin are cross-sectionally associated with MIP, a measure of respiratory muscle strength. Thus, our results establish the rationale for longitudinal studies to evaluate whether mtDNA variants of African origin identify those at risk of subsequently developing a respiratory muscle impairment (lower MIP values).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Vaz Fragoso
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, West Haven, CT, United States of America.
| | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - John A Kairalla
- University of Florida, Department of Biostatistics, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas W Buford
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jason L Sanders
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manini TM, Buford TW, Kairalla JA, McDermott MM, Vaz Fragoso CA, Fielding RA, Hsu FC, Johannsen N, Kritchevsky S, Harris TB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, King AC, Pahor M, Santanasto AJ, Tranah GJ. Meta-analysis identifies mitochondrial DNA sequence variants associated with walking speed. GeroScience 2018; 40:497-511. [PMID: 30338417 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in walking speed are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes including disability, comorbidity, and mortality. While genetic factors are putative contributors to variability in walking, few genetic loci have been identified for this trait. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation on walking speed by sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Data were meta-analyzed from 1758 Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study and replication data from 730 Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study participants with baseline walking speed information. Participants were 69+ years old of diverse racial backgrounds (African, European, and other race/ethnic groups) and had a wide range of mean walking speeds [4-6 m (0.78-1.09 m/s) and 400 m (0.83-1.24 m/s)]. Meta-analysis across studies and racial groups showed that m.12705C>T, ND5 variant was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with walking speed at both short and long distances. Replication and meta-analysis also identified statistically significant walking speed associations (p < 0.0001) between the m.5460.G>A, ND2 and m.309C>CT, HV2 variants at short and long distances, respectively. All results remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for 499 mtDNA variants. The m.12705C>T variant can be traced to the beginnings of human global migration and that cells carrying this variant display altered tRNA expression. Significant pooled effects related to stopping during the long-distance walk test were observed across OXPHOS complexes I (p = 0.0017) and III (p = 0.0048). These results suggest that mtDNA-encoded variants are associated with differences in walking speed among older adults, potentially identifying those at risk of developing mobility impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John A Kairalla
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary M McDermott
- General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Vaz Fragoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- The Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Neil Johannsen
- Preventive Medicine Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tranah GJ, Maglione JE, Yaffe K, Katzman SM, Manini TM, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB, Harris TB, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA m.13514G>A heteroplasmy is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1319-1326. [PMID: 29984425 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is a mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA molecules in a cell. High levels of heteroplasmy at several mtDNA sites in complex I lead to inherited neurological neurologic diseases and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Here, we test the hypothesis that mtDNA heteroplasmy at these complex I sites is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHODS We examined platelet mtDNA heteroplasmy for associations with depressive symptoms among 137 participants over age 70 from the community-based Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-point version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). Complete mtDNA sequencing was performed and heteroplasmy derived for 5 mtDNA sites associated with neurologic mitochondrial diseases and tested for associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of 5 candidate complex I mtDNA mutations examined for effects on depressive symptoms, increased heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G, ND5, was significantly associated with higher CES-D score (P = .01). A statistically significant interaction between m.13514A > G heteroplasmy and sex was detected (P = .04); in sex-stratified analyses, the impact of m.13514A>G heteroplasmy was stronger in male (P = .003) than in female (P = .98) participants. Men in highest tertile of mtDNA heteroplasmy exhibited significantly higher (P = .0001) mean ± SE CES-D 10 scores, 5.37 ± 0.58, when compared with those in the middle, 2.13 ± 0.52, and lowest tertiles, 2.47 ± 0.58. No associations between the 4 other candidate sites and depressive symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Increased mtDNA heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G is associated with depressive symptoms in older men. Heteroplasmy may represent a novel biological risk factor for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne E Maglione
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Naviaux RK. Metabolic features and regulation of the healing cycle-A new model for chronic disease pathogenesis and treatment. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:278-297. [PMID: 30099222 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Without healing, multicellular life on Earth would not exist. Without healing, one injury predisposes to another, leading to disability, chronic disease, accelerated aging, and death. Over 60% of adults and 30% of children and teens in the United States now live with a chronic illness. Advances in mass spectrometry and metabolomics have given scientists a new lens for studying health and disease. This study defines the healing cycle in metabolic terms and reframes the pathophysiology of chronic illness as the result of metabolic signaling abnormalities that block healing and cause the normal stages of the cell danger response (CDR) to persist abnormally. Once an injury occurs, active progress through the stages of healing is driven by sequential changes in cellular bioenergetics and the disposition of oxygen and carbon skeletons used for fuel, signaling, defense, repair, and recovery. >100 chronic illnesses can be organized into three persistent stages of the CDR. One hundred and two targetable chemosensory G-protein coupled and ionotropic receptors are presented that regulate the CDR and healing. Metabokines are signaling molecules derived from metabolism that regulate these receptors. Reframing the pathogenesis of chronic illness in this way, as a systems problem that maintains disease, rather than focusing on remote trigger(s) that caused the initial injury, permits new research to focus on novel signaling therapies to unblock the healing cycle, and restore health when other approaches have failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C102, MC#8467, San Diego, CA 92103, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Picard M, McEwen BS, Epel ES, Sandi C. An energetic view of stress: Focus on mitochondria. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:72-85. [PMID: 29339091 PMCID: PMC5964020 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Energy is required to sustain life and enable stress adaptation. At the cellular level, energy is largely derived from mitochondria - unique multifunctional organelles with their own genome. Four main elements connect mitochondria to stress: (1) Energy is required at the molecular, (epi)genetic, cellular, organellar, and systemic levels to sustain components of stress responses; (2) Glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones are produced and metabolized by mitochondria; (3) Reciprocally, mitochondria respond to neuroendocrine and metabolic stress mediators; and (4) Experimentally manipulating mitochondrial functions alters physiological and behavioral responses to psychological stress. Thus, mitochondria are endocrine organelles that provide both the energy and signals that enable and direct stress adaptation. Neural circuits regulating social behavior - as well as psychopathological processes - are also influenced by mitochondrial energetics. An integrative view of stress as an energy-driven process opens new opportunities to study mechanisms of adaptation and regulation across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, The H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koch RE, Hill GE. Behavioural mating displays depend on mitochondrial function: a potential mechanism for linking behaviour to individual condition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1387-1398. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hill GE. Mitonuclear Mate Choice: A Missing Component of Sexual Selection Theory? Bioessays 2018; 40. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849-5414
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Floros VI, Pyle A, Dietmann S, Wei W, Tang WCW, Irie N, Payne B, Capalbo A, Noli L, Coxhead J, Hudson G, Crosier M, Strahl H, Khalaf Y, Saitou M, Ilic D, Surani MA, Chinnery PF. Segregation of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy through a developmental genetic bottleneck in human embryos. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:144-151. [PMID: 29335530 PMCID: PMC6551220 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause inherited diseases and are implicated in the pathogenesis of common late-onset disorders, but how they arise is not clear1,2. Here we show that mtDNA mutations are present in primordial germ cells (PGCs) within healthy female human embryos. Isolated PGCs have a profound reduction in mtDNA content, with discrete mitochondria containing ~5 mtDNA molecules. Single-cell deep mtDNA sequencing of in vivo human female PGCs showed rare variants reaching higher heteroplasmy levels in late PGCs, consistent with the observed genetic bottleneck. We also saw the signature of selection against non-synonymous protein-coding, tRNA gene and D-loop variants, concomitant with a progressive upregulation of genes involving mtDNA replication and transcription, and linked to a transition from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. The associated metabolic shift would expose deleterious mutations to selection during early germ cell development, preventing the relentless accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the human population predicted by Muller's ratchet. Mutations escaping this mechanism will show shifts in heteroplasmy levels within one human generation, explaining the extreme phenotypic variation seen in human pedigrees with inherited mtDNA disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios I Floros
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Wei
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Walfred C W Tang
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naoko Irie
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan Payne
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antonio Capalbo
- GENERA, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy
- GENETYX, Reproductive Genetics Laboratory, Marostica, Italy
| | - Laila Noli
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Genomic Core Facility, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Moira Crosier
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yacoub Khalaf
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zand K, Pham TDA, Li J, Zhou W, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. Resistive flow sensing of vital mitochondria with nanoelectrodes. Mitochondrion 2017; 37:8-16. [PMID: 28655663 PMCID: PMC6377799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report label-free detection of single mitochondria with high sensitivity using nanoelectrodes. Measurements of the conductance of carbon nanotube transistors show discrete changes of conductance as individual mitochondria flow over the nanoelectrodes in a microfluidic channel. Altering the bioenergetic state of the mitochondria by adding metabolites to the flow buffer induces changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential detected by the nanoelectrodes. During the time when mitochondria are transiently passing over the nanoelectrodes, this (nano) technology is sensitive to fluctuations of the mitochondrial membrane potential with a resolution of 10mV with temporal resolution of order milliseconds. Fluorescence based assays (in ideal, photon shot noise limited setups) are shown to be an order of magnitude less sensitive than this nano-electronic measurement technology. This opens a new window into the dynamics of an organelle critical to cellular function and fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Zand
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Ted D A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Peter J Burke
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Winckelmans E, Nawrot TS, Tsamou M, Den Hond E, Baeyens W, Kleinjans J, Lefebvre W, Van Larebeke N, Peusens M, Plusquin M, Reynders H, Schoeters G, Vanpoucke C, de Kok TM, Vrijens K. Transcriptome-wide analyses indicate mitochondrial responses to particulate air pollution exposure. Environ Health 2017; 16:87. [PMID: 28821289 PMCID: PMC5563023 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their lack of repair capacity mitochondria are critical targets for environmental toxicants. We studied genes and pathways reflecting mitochondrial responses to short- and medium-term PM10 exposure. METHODS Whole genome gene expression was measured in peripheral blood of 98 adults (49% women). We performed linear regression analyses stratified by sex and adjusted for individual and temporal characteristics to investigate alterations in gene expression induced by short-term (week before blood sampling) and medium-term (month before blood sampling) PM10 exposure. Overrepresentation analyses (ConsensusPathDB) were performed to identify enriched mitochondrial associated pathways and gene ontology sets. Thirteen Human MitoCarta genes were measured by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) along with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in an independent validation cohort (n = 169, 55.6% women). RESULTS Overrepresentation analyses revealed significant pathways (p-value <0.05) related to mitochondrial genome maintenance and apoptosis for short-term exposure and to the electron transport chain (ETC) for medium-term exposure in women. For men, medium-term PM10 exposure was associated with the Tri Carbonic Acid cycle. In an independent study population, we validated several ETC genes, including UQCRH and COX7C (q-value <0.05), and some genes crucial for the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, including LONP1 (q-value: 0.07) and POLG (q-value: 0.04) in women. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, we identified mitochondrial genes and pathways associated with particulate air pollution indicating upregulation of energy producing pathways as a potential mechanism to compensate for PM-induced mitochondrial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martien Peusens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans Reynders
- Environment, Nature and Energy Department, Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Allostatic load and comorbidities: A mitochondrial, epigenetic, and evolutionary perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1117-1146. [PMID: 27739386 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related pathophysiology drives comorbid trajectories that elude precise prediction. Allostatic load algorithms that quantify biological "wear and tear" represent a comprehensive approach to detect multisystemic disease processes of the mind and body. However, the multiple morbidities directly or indirectly related to stress physiology remain enigmatic. Our aim in this article is to propose that biological comorbidities represent discrete pathophysiological processes captured by measuring allostatic load. This has applications in research and clinical settings to predict physical and psychiatric comorbidities alike. The reader will be introduced to the concepts of allostasis, allostasic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload as they relate to stress-related diseases and the proposed prediction of biological comorbidities that extend rather to understanding psychopathologies. In our transdisciplinary discussion, we will integrate perspectives related to (a) mitochondrial biology as a key player in the allostatic load time course toward diseases that "get under the skin and skull"; (b) epigenetics related to child maltreatment and biological embedding that shapes stress perception throughout lifespan development; and
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheong HI, Asosingh K, Stephens OR, Queisser KA, Xu W, Willard B, Hu B, Dermawan JKT, Stark GR, Naga Prasad SV, Erzurum SC. Hypoxia sensing through β-adrenergic receptors. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90240. [PMID: 28018974 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-sustaining responses to low oxygen, or hypoxia, depend on signal transduction by HIFs, but the underlying mechanisms by which cells sense hypoxia are not completely understood. Based on prior studies suggesting a link between the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and hypoxia responses, we hypothesized that the β-AR mediates hypoxia sensing and is necessary for HIF-1α accumulation. Beta blocker treatment of mice suppressed hypoxia induction of renal HIF-1α accumulation, erythropoietin production, and erythropoiesis in vivo. Likewise, beta blocker treatment of primary human endothelial cells in vitro decreased hypoxia-mediated HIF-1α accumulation and binding to target genes and the downstream hypoxia-inducible gene expression. In mechanistic studies, cAMP-activated PKA and/or GPCR kinases (GRK), which both participate in β-AR signal transduction, were investigated. Direct activation of cAMP/PKA pathways did not induce HIF-1α accumulation, and inhibition of PKA did not blunt HIF-1α induction by hypoxia. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of GRK, or expression of a GRK phosphorylation-deficient β-AR mutant in cells, blocked hypoxia-mediated HIF-1α accumulation. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative analyses revealed a hypoxia-mediated β-AR phosphorylation barcode that was different from the classical agonist phosphorylation barcode. These findings indicate that the β-AR is fundamental to the molecular and physiological responses to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi I Cheong
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Olivia R Stephens
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly A Queisser
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiling Xu
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Picard M, Wallace DC, Burelle Y. The rise of mitochondria in medicine. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:105-16. [PMID: 27423788 PMCID: PMC5023480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Once considered exclusively the cell's powerhouse, mitochondria are now recognized to perform multiple essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine. Since the emergence of molecular biology and the discovery of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA defects in the 1980's, research advances have revealed a number of common human diseases which share an underlying pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria undergo function-defining dynamic shape changes, communicate with each other, regulate gene expression within the nucleus, modulate synaptic transmission within the brain, release molecules that contribute to oncogenic transformation and trigger inflammatory responses systemically, and influence the regulation of complex physiological systems. Novel mitopathogenic mechanisms are thus being uncovered across a number of medical disciplines including genetics, oncology, neurology, immunology, and critical care medicine. Increasing knowledge of the bioenergetic aspects of human disease has provided new opportunities for diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and in connecting various domains of medicine. In this article, we overview specific aspects of mitochondrial biology that have contributed to - and likely will continue to enhance the progress of modern medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology and CTNI, H Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- The Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tsai T, St John JC. The role of mitochondrial DNA copy number, variants, and haplotypes in farm animal developmental outcome. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S133-46. [PMID: 27345311 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of cellular energy is generated through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain is encoded by 2 genomes, the chromosomal and the mitochondrial genomes. Mitochondrial DNA is associated with a number of traits, which include tolerance to heat, growth and physical performance, meat and milk quality, and fertility. Mitochondrial genomes can be clustered into groups known as mtDNA haplotypes. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are a potential genetic source for manipulating phenotypes in farm animals. The use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as nuclear transfer, allows favorable chromosomal genetic traits to be mixed and matched with sought after mtDNA haplotype traits. As a result super breeds can be generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tesha Tsai
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lu M, Zhu XH, Chen W. In vivo (31) P MRS assessment of intracellular NAD metabolites and NAD(+) /NADH redox state in human brain at 4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1010-7. [PMID: 27257783 PMCID: PMC4909585 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) and NADH play key roles in cellular respiration. Intracellular redox state defined by the NAD(+) /NADH ratio (RX) reflects the cellular metabolic and physiopathological status. By taking advantage of high/ultrahigh magnetic field strengths, we have recently established a novel in vivo (31) P MRS-based NAD assay for noninvasive and quantitative measurements of intracellular NAD concentrations and redox state in animal and human brains at 16.4 T, 9.4 T and 7 T. To explore its potential for clinical application, in this study we investigated the feasibility of assessing the NAD metabolism and redox state in human brain at a lower field of 4 T by incorporating the (1) H-decoupling technique with the in vivo (31) P NAD assay. The use of (1) H decoupling significantly narrowed the linewidths of NAD and α-ATP resonances, resulting in higher sensitivity and better spectral resolution as compared with the (1) H-coupled (31) P spectrum. These improvements made it possible to reliably quantify cerebral NAD concentrations and RX, consistent with previously reported results obtained from similar age human subjects at 7 T. In summary, this work demonstrates the capability and utility of the (1) H-decoupled (31) P MRS-based NAD assay at lower field strength; thus, it opens new opportunities for studying intracellular NAD metabolism and redox state in human brain at clinical settings. This conclusion is supported by the simulation results, indicating that similar performance and reliability as observed at 4T can be achieved at 3 T with the same signal-to-noise ratio. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Correspondence to: Xiao-Hong Zhu, Ph.D., Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2012 6 Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
β-Sitosterol increases mitochondrial electron transport by fluidizing mitochondrial membranes and enhances mitochondrial responsiveness to increasing energy demand by the induction of uncoupling in C2C12 myotubes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
46
|
Stewart JB, Chinnery PF. The dynamics of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy: implications for human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:530-42. [PMID: 26281784 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) increase the risk of developing several of the major health issues facing the western world, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider how these mtDNA variants arose and how they spread from their origin on one single molecule in a single cell to be present at high levels throughout a specific organ and, ultimately, to contribute to the population risk of common age-related disorders. mtDNA persists in all aerobic eukaryotes, despite a high substitution rate, clonal propagation and little evidence of recombination. Recent studies have found that de novo mtDNA mutations are suppressed in the female germ line; despite this, mtDNA heteroplasmy is remarkably common. The demonstration of a mammalian mtDNA genetic bottleneck explains how new germline variants can increase to high levels within a generation, and the ultimate fixation of less-severe mutations that escape germline selection explains how they can contribute to the risk of late-onset disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Stewart
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 1BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dayeh T, Ling C. Does epigenetic dysregulation of pancreatic islets contribute to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes? Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:511-21. [PMID: 26369706 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β cell dysfunction is central to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D develops when β cells are not able to compensate for the increasing demand for insulin caused by insulin resistance. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in establishing and maintaining β cell identity and function in physiological conditions. On the other hand, epigenetic dysregulation can cause a loss of β cell identity, which is characterized by reduced expression of genes that are important for β cell function, ectopic expression of genes that are not supposed to be expressed in β cells, and loss of genetic imprinting. Consequently, this may lead to β cell dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion. Risk factors that can cause epigenetic dysregulation include parental obesity, an adverse intrauterine environment, hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, aging, physical inactivity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These risk factors can affect the epigenome at different time points throughout the lifetime of an individual and even before an individual is conceived. The plasticity of the epigenome enables it to change in response to environmental factors such as diet and exercise, and also makes the epigenome a good target for epigenetic drugs that may be used to enhance insulin secretion and potentially treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Dayeh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sturmberg JP, Bennett JM, Picard M, Seely AJE. The trajectory of life. Decreasing physiological network complexity through changing fractal patterns. Front Physiol 2015; 6:169. [PMID: 26082722 PMCID: PMC4451341 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this position paper, we submit a synthesis of theoretical models based on physiology, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and non-linear time-series analysis. Based on an understanding of the human organism as a system of interconnected complex adaptive systems, we seek to examine the relationship between health, complexity, variability, and entropy production, as it might be useful to help understand aging, and improve care for patients. We observe the trajectory of life is characterized by the growth, plateauing and subsequent loss of adaptive function of organ systems, associated with loss of functioning and coordination of systems. Understanding development and aging requires the examination of interdependence among these organ systems. Increasing evidence suggests network interconnectedness and complexity can be captured/measured/associated with the degree and complexity of healthy biologic rhythm variability (e.g., heart and respiratory rate variability). We review physiological mechanisms linking the omics, arousal/stress systems, immune function, and mitochondrial bioenergetics; highlighting their interdependence in normal physiological function and aging. We argue that aging, known to be characterized by a loss of variability, is manifested at multiple scales, within functional units at the small scale, and reflected by diagnostic features at the larger scale. While still controversial and under investigation, it appears conceivable that the integrity of whole body complexity may be, at least partially, reflected in the degree and variability of intrinsic biologic rhythms, which we believe are related to overall system complexity that may be a defining feature of health and it's loss through aging. Harnessing this information for the development of therapeutic and preventative strategies may hold an opportunity to significantly improve the health of our patients across the trajectory of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim P Sturmberg
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle Wamberal, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeanette M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J E Seely
- Thoracic Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa and Associate Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Eukaryotes were born of a chimeric union between two prokaryotes--the progenitors of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Early in eukaryote evolution, most mitochondrial genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus, but a core set of genes that code exclusively for products associated with the electron transport system remained in the mitochondrion. The products of these mitochondrial genes work in intimate association with the products of nuclear genes to enable oxidative phosphorylation and core energy production. The need for coadaptation, the challenge of cotransmission, and the possibility of genomic conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes have profound consequences for the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic life. An emerging interdisciplinary field that I call "mitonuclear ecology" is reassessing core concepts in evolutionary ecology including sexual reproduction, two sexes, sexual selection, adaptation, and speciation in light of the interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Transmission from centenarians to their offspring of mtDNA heteroplasmy revealed by ultra-deep sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:454-67. [PMID: 25013208 PMCID: PMC4100808 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role that mtDNA heteroplasmy plays in healthy aging, familial longevity and the heritability patterns of low levels heteroplasmy in the elderly are largely unknown. We analyzed the low levels of mtDNA heteroplasmy in blood in a cohort of centenarians, their offspring and a group of offspring of non long-lived parents, characterized by a less favorable health phenotype. The aims of this study are to: (i) investigate the transmission of low level heteroplasmies in the elderly; (ii) explore the association of heteroplasmy with age and longevity and (iii) investigate heteroplasmy patterns in these three groups. We sequenced a 853 bp mtDNA fragment in 88 individuals to an average coverage of 49334-fold, using quality control filtering and triplicate PCR analysis to reduce any methodological bias, and we detected 119 heteroplasmic positions with a minor allele frequency ≥ 0.2%. The results indicate that low-level heteroplasmies are transmitted and maintained within families until extreme age. We did not find any heteroplasmic variant associated with longevity and healthy aging but we identified an unique heteroplasmy profile for each family, based on total level and positions. This familial profile suggests that heteroplasmy may contribute to familial longevity.
Collapse
|