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Ni H, Cai X, Ren J, Dai T, Zhou J, Lin J, Wang L, Wang L, Pei S, Yao Y, Xu T, Xiao L, Liu Q, Liu X, Guo P. Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of dengue fever in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8060. [PMID: 39277600 PMCID: PMC11401889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
China has experienced successive waves of dengue epidemics over the past decade. Nationwide data on 95,339 dengue cases, 89 surveillance sites for mosquito density and population mobility between 337 cities during 2013-20 were extracted. Weekly dengue time series including time trends and harmonic terms were fitted using seasonal regression models, and the amplitude and peak timing of the annual and semiannual cycles were estimated. A data-driven model-inference approach was used to simulate the epidemic at city-scale and estimate time-evolving epidemiological parameters. We found that the geographical distribution of dengue cases was expanding, and the main imported areas as well as external sources of imported cases changed. Dengue cases were predominantly concentrated in southern China and it exhibited an annual peak of activity, typically peaking in September. The annual amplitude of dengue epidemic varied with latitude (F = 19.62, P = 0.0001), mainly characterizing by large in southern cities and small in northern cities. The effective reproduction number Reff across cities is commonly greater than 1 in several specific months from July to November, further confirming the seasonal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity of dengue epidemics. The results of this national study help to better informing interventions for future dengue epidemics in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Ni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiarong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiumin Lin
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxi Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yunchong Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lina Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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2
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Parino F, Gustani-Buss E, Bedford T, Suchard MA, Trovão NS, Rambaut A, Colizza V, Poletto C, Lemey P. Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.14.24303719. [PMID: 38559244 PMCID: PMC10980132 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.24303719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Global seasonal influenza circulation involves a complex interplay between local (seasonality, demography, host immunity) and global factors (international mobility) shaping recurrent epidemic patterns. No studies so far have reconciled the two spatial levels, evaluating the coupling between national epidemics, considering heterogeneous coverage of epidemiological and virological data, integrating different data sources. We propose a novel combined approach based on a dynamical model of global influenza spread (GLEAM), integrating high-resolution demographic and mobility data, and a generalized linear model of phylogeographic diffusion that accounts for time-varying migration rates. Seasonal migration fluxes across global macro-regions simulated with GLEAM are tested as phylogeographic predictors to provide model validation and calibration based on genetic data. Seasonal fluxes obtained with a specific transmissibility peak time and recurrent travel outperformed the raw air-transportation predictor, previously considered as optimal indicator of global influenza migration. Influenza A subtypes supported autumn-winter reproductive number as high as 2.25 and an average immunity duration of 2 years. Similar dynamics were preferred by influenza B lineages, with a lower autumn-winter reproductive number. Comparing simulated epidemic profiles against FluNet data offered comparatively limited resolution power. The multiscale approach enables model selection yielding a novel computational framework for describing global influenza dynamics at different scales - local transmission and national epidemics vs. international coupling through mobility and imported cases. Our findings have important implications to improve preparedness against seasonal influenza epidemics. The approach can be generalized to other epidemic contexts, such as emerging disease outbreaks to improve the flexibility and predictive power of modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parino
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Gustani-Buss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chiara Poletto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Udoakang AJ, Nganyewo NN, Djomkam Zune AL, Olwal CO, Etim NAA, Oboh MA, Tapela K, Dzabeng F, Adadey SM, Udoh A, Koné M, Mutungi JK, Quashie PK, Awandare GA, Paemka L. Knowledge, attitude and perception towards COVID-19 among representative educated sub-Saharan Africans: A cross-sectional study during the exponential phase of the pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0281342. [PMID: 38300957 PMCID: PMC10833576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health threat with extensive misinformation and conspiracy theories. Therefore, this study investigated the knowledge, attitude and perception of sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) on COVID-19 during the exponential phase of the pandemic. In this cross-sectional survey, self-administered web-based questionnaires were distributed through several online platforms. A total of 1046 respondents from 35 SSA countries completed the survey. The median age was 33 years (18-76 years) and about half (50.5%) of them were males. More than 40% across all socio-demographic categories except the Central African region (21.2%), vocational/secondary education (28.6%), student/unemployed (35.5%), had high COVID-19 knowledge score. Socio-demographic factors and access to information were associated with COVID-19 knowledge. Bivariate analysis revealed that independent variables, including the region of origin, age, gender, education and occupation, were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with COVID-19 knowledge. Multivariate analysis showed that residing in East (odds ratio [OR]: 7.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-14, p<0.001), Southern (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.1-6.5, p<0.001) and West (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.9-5.2, p<0.001) Africa was associated with high COVID-19 knowledge level. Apart from East Africa (54.7%), willingness for vaccine acceptance across the other SSA regions was <40%. About 52%, across all socio-demographic categories, were undecided. Knowledge level, region of origin, age, gender, marital status and religion were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. About 67.4% were worried about contracting SARS-CoV-2, while 65.9% indicated they would consult a health professional if exposed. More than one-third of the respondents reported that their governments had taken prompt measures to tackle the pandemic. Despite high COVID-19 knowledge in our study population, most participants were still undecided regarding vaccination, which is critical in eliminating the pandemic. Therefore, extensive, accurate, dynamic and timely education in this aspect is of ultimate priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniefiok John Udoakang
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Nora Nghochuzie Nganyewo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Ochieng’ Olwal
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Mary Aigbiremo Oboh
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Dzabeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Mawuli Adadey
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Agnes Udoh
- Jones School of Business, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mazo Koné
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Joe Kimanthi Mutungi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Virology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lily Paemka
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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4
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Wardle J, Bhatia S, Kraemer MUG, Nouvellet P, Cori A. Gaps in mobility data and implications for modelling epidemic spread: A scoping review and simulation study. Epidemics 2023; 42:100666. [PMID: 36689876 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable estimates of human mobility are important for understanding the spatial spread of infectious diseases and the effective targeting of control measures. However, when modelling infectious disease dynamics, data on human mobility at an appropriate temporal or spatial resolution are not always available, leading to the common use of model-derived mobility proxies. In this study we reviewed the different data sources and mobility models that have been used to characterise human movement in Africa. We then conducted a simulation study to better understand the implications of using human mobility proxies when predicting the spatial spread and dynamics of infectious diseases. We found major gaps in the availability of empirical measures of human mobility in Africa, leading to mobility proxies being used in place of data. Empirical data on subnational mobility were only available for 17/54 countries, and in most instances, these data characterised long-term movement patterns, which were unsuitable for modelling the spread of pathogens with short generation times (time between infection of a case and their infector). Results from our simulation study demonstrated that using mobility proxies can have a substantial impact on the predicted epidemic dynamics, with complex and non-intuitive biases. In particular, the predicted times and order of epidemic invasion, and the time of epidemic peak in different locations can be underestimated or overestimated, depending on the types of proxies used and the country of interest. Our work underscores the need for regularly updated empirical measures of population movement within and between countries to aid the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. At the same time, there is a need to establish an evidence base to help understand which types of mobility data are most appropriate for describing the spread of emerging infectious diseases in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wardle
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Pierre Nouvellet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Anne Cori
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
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5
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Engebretsen S, Diz-Lois Palomares A, Rø G, Kristoffersen AB, Lindstrøm JC, Engø-Monsen K, Kamineni M, Hin Chan LY, Dale Ø, Midtbø JE, Stenerud KL, Di Ruscio F, White R, Frigessi A, de Blasio BF. A real-time regional model for COVID-19: Probabilistic situational awareness and forecasting. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010860. [PMID: 36689468 PMCID: PMC9894546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging nations with devastating health and economic consequences. The spread of the disease has revealed major geographical heterogeneity because of regionally varying individual behaviour and mobility patterns, unequal meteorological conditions, diverse viral variants, and locally implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination roll-out. To support national and regional authorities in surveilling and controlling the pandemic in real-time as it unfolds, we here develop a new regional mathematical and statistical model. The model, which has been in use in Norway during the first two years of the pandemic, is informed by real-time mobility estimates from mobile phone data and laboratory-confirmed case and hospitalisation incidence. To estimate regional and time-varying transmissibility, case detection probabilities, and missed imported cases, we developed a novel sequential Approximate Bayesian Computation method allowing inference in useful time, despite the high parametric dimension. We test our approach on Norway and find that three-week-ahead predictions are precise and well-calibrated, enabling policy-relevant situational awareness at a local scale. By comparing the reproduction numbers before and after lockdowns, we identify spatially heterogeneous patterns in their effect on the transmissibility, with a stronger effect in the most populated regions compared to the national reduction estimated to be 85% (95% CI 78%-89%). Our approach is the first regional changepoint stochastic metapopulation model capable of real time spatially refined surveillance and forecasting during emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunnar Rø
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Meghana Kamineni
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology. University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis Yat Hin Chan
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jørgen Eriksson Midtbø
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Telenor Norge AS Fornebu, Norway
| | | | - Francesco Di Ruscio
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard White
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnoldo Frigessi
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology. University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio
- Department of Method Development and Analytics. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology. University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Fefferman NH, Price CA, Stringham OC. Considering humans as habitat reveals evidence of successional disease ecology among human pathogens. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001770. [PMID: 36094962 PMCID: PMC9467372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization that ecological principles play an important role in infectious disease dynamics has led to a renaissance in epidemiological theory. Ideas from ecological succession theory have begun to inform an understanding of the relationship between the individual microbiome and health but have not yet been applied to investigate broader, population-level epidemiological dynamics. We consider human hosts as habitat and apply ideas from succession to immune memory and multi-pathogen dynamics in populations. We demonstrate that ecologically meaningful life history characteristics of pathogens and parasites, rather than epidemiological features alone, are likely to play a meaningful role in determining the age at which people have the greatest probability of being infected. Our results indicate the potential importance of microbiome succession in determining disease incidence and highlight the need to explore how pathogen life history traits and host ecology influence successional dynamics. We conclude by exploring some of the implications that inclusion of successional theory might have for understanding the ecology of diseases and their hosts. This study explores the analogy between ecological succession in terrestrial ecosystems and infections in a human-host landscape over time, showing how the ecosystem of long-term multi-pathogen dynamics within and among hosts may be a critical missing consideration in understanding epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H. Fefferman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles A. Price
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Oliver C. Stringham
- Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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7
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Jorge DCP, Oliveira JF, Miranda JGV, Andrade RFS, Pinho STR. Estimating the effective reproduction number for heterogeneous models using incidence data. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220005. [PMID: 36133147 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6167795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effective reproduction number, R ( t ) , plays a key role in the study of infectious diseases, indicating the current average number of new infections caused by an infected individual in an epidemic process. Estimation methods for the time evolution of R ( t ) , using incidence data, rely on the generation interval distribution, g(τ), which is usually obtained from empirical data or theoretical studies using simple epidemic models. However, for systems that present heterogeneity, either on the host population or in the expression of the disease, there is a lack of data and of a suitable general methodology to obtain g(τ). In this work, we use mathematical models to bridge this gap. We present a general methodology for obtaining explicit expressions of the reproduction numbers and the generation interval distributions, within and between model sub-compartments provided by an arbitrary compartmental model. Additionally, we present the appropriate expressions to evaluate those reproduction numbers using incidence data. To highlight the relevance of such methodology, we apply it to the spread of COVID-19 in municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using two meta-population models, we estimate the reproduction numbers and the contributions of each municipality in the generation of cases in all others.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C P Jorge
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, R. Dr. Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J F Oliveira
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J G V Miranda
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R F S Andrade
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S T R Pinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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8
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Jorge DCP, Oliveira JF, Miranda JGV, Andrade RFS, Pinho STR. Estimating the effective reproduction number for heterogeneous models using incidence data. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220005. [PMID: 36133147 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5822669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effective reproduction number, R ( t ) , plays a key role in the study of infectious diseases, indicating the current average number of new infections caused by an infected individual in an epidemic process. Estimation methods for the time evolution of R ( t ) , using incidence data, rely on the generation interval distribution, g(τ), which is usually obtained from empirical data or theoretical studies using simple epidemic models. However, for systems that present heterogeneity, either on the host population or in the expression of the disease, there is a lack of data and of a suitable general methodology to obtain g(τ). In this work, we use mathematical models to bridge this gap. We present a general methodology for obtaining explicit expressions of the reproduction numbers and the generation interval distributions, within and between model sub-compartments provided by an arbitrary compartmental model. Additionally, we present the appropriate expressions to evaluate those reproduction numbers using incidence data. To highlight the relevance of such methodology, we apply it to the spread of COVID-19 in municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using two meta-population models, we estimate the reproduction numbers and the contributions of each municipality in the generation of cases in all others.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C P Jorge
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, R. Dr. Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J F Oliveira
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J G V Miranda
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R F S Andrade
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S T R Pinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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9
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Jorge DCP, Oliveira JF, Miranda JGV, Andrade RFS, Pinho STR. Estimating the effective reproduction number for heterogeneous models using incidence data. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220005. [PMID: 36133147 PMCID: PMC9449464 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effective reproduction number, R ( t ) , plays a key role in the study of infectious diseases, indicating the current average number of new infections caused by an infected individual in an epidemic process. Estimation methods for the time evolution of R ( t ) , using incidence data, rely on the generation interval distribution, g(τ), which is usually obtained from empirical data or theoretical studies using simple epidemic models. However, for systems that present heterogeneity, either on the host population or in the expression of the disease, there is a lack of data and of a suitable general methodology to obtain g(τ). In this work, we use mathematical models to bridge this gap. We present a general methodology for obtaining explicit expressions of the reproduction numbers and the generation interval distributions, within and between model sub-compartments provided by an arbitrary compartmental model. Additionally, we present the appropriate expressions to evaluate those reproduction numbers using incidence data. To highlight the relevance of such methodology, we apply it to the spread of COVID-19 in municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using two meta-population models, we estimate the reproduction numbers and the contributions of each municipality in the generation of cases in all others.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. P. Jorge
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, R. Dr. Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J. F. Oliveira
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J. G. V. Miranda
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R. F. S. Andrade
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S. T. R. Pinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Mathematical modeling in perspective of vector-borne viral infections: a review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:102. [PMID: 36000145 PMCID: PMC9388993 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral diseases are highly widespread infections caused by viruses. These viruses are passing from one human to other humans through a certain medium. The medium might be mosquito, animal, reservoir and food, etc. Here, the population of both human and mosquito vectors are important. Main body of the abstract The main objectives are here to introduce the historical perspective of mathematical modeling, enable the mathematical modeler to understand the basic mathematical theory behind this and present a systematic review on mathematical modeling for four vector-borne viral diseases using the deterministic approach. Furthermore, we also introduced other mathematical techniques to deal with vector-borne diseases. Mathematical models could help forecast the infectious population of humans and vectors during the outbreak. Short conclusion This study will be helpful for mathematical modelers in vector-borne diseases and ready-made material in the review for future advancement in the subject. This study will not only benefit vector-borne conditions but will enable ideas for other illnesses.
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11
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Zachreson C, Chang S, Harding N, Prokopenko M. The effects of local homogeneity assumptions in metapopulation models of infectious disease. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211919. [PMID: 35845852 PMCID: PMC9277238 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Computational models of infectious disease can be broadly categorized into two types: individual-based (agent-based) or compartmental models. While there are clear conceptual distinctions between these methodologies, a fair comparison of the approaches is difficult to achieve. Here, we carry out such a comparison by building a set of compartmental metapopulation models from an agent-based representation of a real population. By adjusting the compartmental model to approximately match the dynamics of the agent-based model, we identify two key qualitative properties of the individual-based dynamics which are lost upon aggregation into metapopulations. These are (i) the local depletion of susceptibility to infection and (ii) decoupling of different regional groups due to correlation between commuting behaviours and contact rates. The first of these effects is a general consequence of aggregating small, closely connected groups (i.e. families) into larger homogeneous metapopulations. The second can be interpreted as a consequence of aggregating two distinct types of individuals: school children, who travel short distances but have many potentially infectious contacts, and adults, who travel further but tend to have fewer contacts capable of transmitting infection. Our results could be generalized to other types of correlations between the characteristics of individuals and the behaviours that distinguish them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Zachreson
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sheryl Chang
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Harding
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mikhail Prokopenko
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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12
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Zachreson C, Chang S, Harding N, Prokopenko M. The effects of local homogeneity assumptions in metapopulation models of infectious disease. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211919. [PMID: 35845852 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6486795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Computational models of infectious disease can be broadly categorized into two types: individual-based (agent-based) or compartmental models. While there are clear conceptual distinctions between these methodologies, a fair comparison of the approaches is difficult to achieve. Here, we carry out such a comparison by building a set of compartmental metapopulation models from an agent-based representation of a real population. By adjusting the compartmental model to approximately match the dynamics of the agent-based model, we identify two key qualitative properties of the individual-based dynamics which are lost upon aggregation into metapopulations. These are (i) the local depletion of susceptibility to infection and (ii) decoupling of different regional groups due to correlation between commuting behaviours and contact rates. The first of these effects is a general consequence of aggregating small, closely connected groups (i.e. families) into larger homogeneous metapopulations. The second can be interpreted as a consequence of aggregating two distinct types of individuals: school children, who travel short distances but have many potentially infectious contacts, and adults, who travel further but tend to have fewer contacts capable of transmitting infection. Our results could be generalized to other types of correlations between the characteristics of individuals and the behaviours that distinguish them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Zachreson
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sheryl Chang
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Harding
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Mikhail Prokopenko
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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13
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Luo Q, Gee M, Piccoli B, Work D, Samaranayake S. Managing public transit during a pandemic: The trade-off between safety and mobility. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART C, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 138:103592. [PMID: 35340721 PMCID: PMC8937026 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2022.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During a pandemic such as COVID-19, managing public transit effectively becomes a critical policy decision. On the one hand, efficient transportation plays a pivotal role in enabling the movement of essential workers and keeping the economy moving. On the other hand, public transit can be a vector for disease propagation due to travelers' proximity within shared and enclosed spaces. Without strategic preparedness, mass transit facilities are potential hotbeds for spreading infectious diseases. Thus, transportation agencies face a complex trade-off when developing context-specific operating strategies for public transit. This work provides a network-based analysis framework for understanding this trade-off, as well as tools for calculating targeted commute restrictions under different policy constraints, e.g., regarding public health considerations (limiting infection levels) and economic activity (limiting the reduction in travel). The resulting plans ensure that the traffic flow restrictions imposed on each route are adaptive to the time-varying epidemic dynamics. A case study based on the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that a well-planned subway system in New York City can sustain 88% of transit flow while reducing the risk of disease transmission by 50% relative to fully-loaded public transit systems. Transport policy-makers can exploit this optimization-based framework to address safety-and-mobility trade-offs and make proactive transit management plans during an epidemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Marissa Gee
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benedetto Piccoli
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Work
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samitha Samaranayake
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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14
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Luo Q, Gee M, Piccoli B, Work D, Samaranayake S. Managing public transit during a pandemic: The trade-off between safety and mobility. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART C, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [PMID: 35340721 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3757210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During a pandemic such as COVID-19, managing public transit effectively becomes a critical policy decision. On the one hand, efficient transportation plays a pivotal role in enabling the movement of essential workers and keeping the economy moving. On the other hand, public transit can be a vector for disease propagation due to travelers' proximity within shared and enclosed spaces. Without strategic preparedness, mass transit facilities are potential hotbeds for spreading infectious diseases. Thus, transportation agencies face a complex trade-off when developing context-specific operating strategies for public transit. This work provides a network-based analysis framework for understanding this trade-off, as well as tools for calculating targeted commute restrictions under different policy constraints, e.g., regarding public health considerations (limiting infection levels) and economic activity (limiting the reduction in travel). The resulting plans ensure that the traffic flow restrictions imposed on each route are adaptive to the time-varying epidemic dynamics. A case study based on the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that a well-planned subway system in New York City can sustain 88% of transit flow while reducing the risk of disease transmission by 50% relative to fully-loaded public transit systems. Transport policy-makers can exploit this optimization-based framework to address safety-and-mobility trade-offs and make proactive transit management plans during an epidemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Marissa Gee
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benedetto Piccoli
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Work
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samitha Samaranayake
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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15
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Valgañón P, Soriano-Paños D, Arenas A, Gómez-Gardeñes J. Contagion-diffusion processes with recurrent mobility patterns of distinguishable agents. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:043102. [PMID: 35489866 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of contagion-diffusion processes in metapopulations is a powerful theoretical tool to study how mobility influences the spread of communicable diseases. Nevertheless, many metapopulation approaches use indistinguishable agents to alleviate analytical difficulties. Here, we address the impact that recurrent mobility patterns, and the spatial distribution of distinguishable agents, have on the unfolding of epidemics in large urban areas. We incorporate the distinguishable nature of agents regarding both their residence and their usual destination. The proposed model allows both a fast computation of the spatiotemporal pattern of the epidemic trajectory and the analytical calculation of the epidemic threshold. This threshold is found as the spectral radius of a mixing matrix encapsulating the residential distribution and the specific commuting patterns of agents. We prove that the simplification of indistinguishable individuals overestimates the value of the epidemic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valgañón
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Soriano-Paños
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A Arenas
- Departament de Matemáticas i Enginyeria Informática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Gardeñes
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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FARCHATI H, DURAND B, MARSOT M, GARON D, TAPPREST J, SALA C. How far away do you keep your equines? Estimation of the equine population’s spatial distribution in France. Prev Vet Med 2022; 204:105631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Hu W, Shi Y, Chen C, Chen Z. Optimal strategic pandemic control: human mobility and travel restriction. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:9525-9562. [PMID: 34814357 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model for finding optimal pandemic control policy considering cross-region human mobility. We extend the baseline susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) epidemiology model by including the net human mobility from a severely-impacted region to a mildly-affected region. The strategic optimal mitigation policy combining testing and lockdown in each region is then obtained with the goal of minimizing economic cost under the constraint of limited resources. We parametrize the model using the data of the COVID-19 pandemic and show that the optimal response strategy and mitigation outcome greatly rely on the mitigation duration, available resources, and cross-region human mobility. Furthermore, we discuss the economic impact of travel restriction policies through a quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- Institute for Financial Studies and School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Shandanan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Institute for Financial Studies and School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Shandanan Road, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Big Data Research Association, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Cuixia Chen
- Hebei Finance University, Baoding City, Hebei 071051, China
| | - Ze Chen
- School of Finance, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- China Insurance Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- China Financial Policy Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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18
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Conceição GMDS, Barbosa GL, Lorenz C, Bocewicz ACD, Santana LMR, Marques CCDA, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Effect of social isolation in dengue cases in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: An analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102149. [PMID: 34455075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that human mobility is an important factor in dengue epidemiology. Changes in mobility resulting from COVID-19 pandemic set up a real-life situation to test this hypothesis. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of reduced mobility due to this pandemic in the occurrence of dengue in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD It is an ecological study of time series, developed between January and August 2020. We use the number of confirmed dengue cases and residential mobility, on a daily basis, from secondary information sources. Mobility was represented by the daily percentage variation of residential population isolation, obtained from the Google database. We modeled the relationship between dengue occurrence and social distancing by negative binomial regression, adjusted for seasonality. We represent the social distancing dichotomously (isolation versus no isolation) and consider lag for isolation from the dates of occurrence of dengue. RESULTS The risk of dengue decreased around 9.1% (95% CI: 14.2 to 3.7) in the presence of isolation, considering a delay of 20 days between the degree of isolation and the dengue first symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that mobility can play an important role in the epidemiology of dengue and should be considered in surveillance and control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerson Laurindo Barbosa
- Endemics Control Superintendence (SUCEN), Sao Paulo State Department of Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lorenz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Lidia Maria Reis Santana
- Epidemiological Surveillance Center "Professor Alexandre Vranjac" - Sao Paulo State Department of Health (CVE/SES-SP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Nixon EJ, Brooks-Pollock E, Wall R. Sheep scab spatial distribution: the roles of transmission pathways. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:344. [PMID: 34187531 PMCID: PMC8243883 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is a highly pathogenic contagious infection caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis. Following 21 years in which scab was eradicated in the UK, it was inadvertently reintroduced in 1972 and, despite the implementation of a range of control methods, its prevalence increased steadily thereafter. Recent reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactone treatments may further exacerbate control problems. A better understanding of the factors that facilitate its transmission are required to allow improved management of this disease. Transmission of infection occurs within and between contiguous sheep farms via infected sheep-to-sheep or sheep-environment contact and through long-distance movements of infected sheep, such as through markets. METHODS A stochastic metapopulation model was used to investigate the impact of different transmission routes on the spatial pattern of outbreaks. A range of model scenarios were considered following the initial infection of a cluster of highly connected contiguous farms. RESULTS Scab spreads between clusters of neighbouring contiguous farms after introduction but when long-distance movements are excluded, infection then self-limits spatially at boundaries where farm connectivity is low. Inclusion of long-distance movements is required to generate the national patterns of disease spread observed. CONCLUSIONS Preventing the movement of scab infested sheep through sales and markets is essential for any national management programme. If effective movement control can be implemented, regional control in geographic areas where farm densities are high would allow more focussed cost-effective scab management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joanne Nixon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Ellen Brooks-Pollock
- Veterinary Public Health, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5EZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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20
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He P, Montiglio PO, Somveille M, Cantor M, Farine DR. The role of habitat configuration in shaping animal population processes: a framework to generate quantitative predictions. Oecologia 2021; 196:649-665. [PMID: 34159423 PMCID: PMC8292241 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
By shaping where individuals move, habitat configuration can fundamentally structure animal populations. Yet, we currently lack a framework for generating quantitative predictions about the role of habitat configuration in modulating population outcomes. To address this gap, we propose a modelling framework inspired by studies using networks to characterize habitat connectivity. We first define animal habitat networks, explain how they can integrate information about the different configurational features of animal habitats, and highlight the need for a bottom–up generative model that can depict realistic variations in habitat potential connectivity. Second, we describe a model for simulating animal habitat networks (available in the R package AnimalHabitatNetwork), and demonstrate its ability to generate alternative habitat configurations based on empirical data, which forms the basis for exploring the consequences of alternative habitat structures. Finally, we lay out three key research questions and demonstrate how our framework can address them. By simulating the spread of a pathogen within a population, we show how transmission properties can be impacted by both local potential connectivity and landscape-level characteristics of habitats. Our study highlights the importance of considering the underlying habitat configuration in studies linking social structure with population-level outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany. .,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. .,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marius Somveille
- Birdlife International, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mauricio Cantor
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Damien R Farine
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Djaafara BA, Whittaker C, Watson OJ, Verity R, Brazeau NF, Widyastuti, Oktavia D, Adrian V, Salama N, Bhatia S, Nouvellet P, Sherrard-Smith E, Churcher TS, Surendra H, Lina RN, Ekawati LL, Lestari KD, Andrianto A, Thwaites G, Baird JK, Ghani AC, Elyazar IRF, Walker PGT. Using syndromic measures of mortality to capture the dynamics of COVID-19 in Java, Indonesia, in the context of vaccination rollout. BMC Med 2021; 19:146. [PMID: 34144715 PMCID: PMC8212796 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a vaccination campaign launches, cases and deaths are rising across the island. METHODS We used modelling to explore the extent to which data on burials in Jakarta using strict COVID-19 protocols (C19P) provide additional insight into the transmissibility of the disease, epidemic trajectory, and the impact of NPIs. We assess how implementation of NPIs in early 2021 will shape the epidemic during the period of likely vaccine rollout. RESULTS C19P burial data in Jakarta suggest a death toll approximately 3.3 times higher than reported. Transmission estimates using these data suggest earlier, larger, and more sustained impact of NPIs. Measures to reduce sub-national spread, particularly during Ramadan, substantially mitigated spread to more vulnerable rural areas. Given current trajectory, daily cases and deaths are likely to increase in most regions as the vaccine is rolled out. Transmission may peak in early 2021 in Jakarta if current levels of control are maintained. However, relaxation of control measures is likely to lead to a subsequent resurgence in the absence of an effective vaccination campaign. CONCLUSIONS Syndromic measures of mortality provide a more complete picture of COVID-19 severity upon which to base decision-making. The high potential impact of the vaccine in Java is attributable to reductions in transmission to date and dependent on these being maintained. Increases in control in the relatively short-term will likely yield large, synergistic increases in vaccine impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimandra A Djaafara
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Oliver J Watson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Robert Verity
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nicholas F Brazeau
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Widyastuti
- Jakarta Provincial Department of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Oktavia
- Jakarta Provincial Department of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Verry Adrian
- Jakarta Provincial Department of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ngabila Salama
- Jakarta Provincial Department of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Pierre Nouvellet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ellie Sherrard-Smith
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Thomas S Churcher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Henry Surendra
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rosa N Lina
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Adhi Andrianto
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azra C Ghani
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Patrick G T Walker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
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22
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Comparing metapopulation dynamics of infectious diseases under different models of human movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2007488118. [PMID: 33926962 PMCID: PMC8106338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007488118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly available datasets present exciting opportunities to investigate how human population movement contributes to the spread of infectious diseases across large geographical distances. It is now possible to construct realistic models of infectious disease dynamics for the purposes of understanding global-scale epidemics. Nevertheless, a remaining unanswered question is how best to leverage the new data to parameterize models of movement, and whether one's choice of movement model impacts modeled disease outcomes. We adapt three well-studied models of infectious disease dynamics, the susceptible-infected-recovered model, the susceptible-infected-susceptible model, and the Ross-Macdonald model, to incorporate either of two candidate movement models. We describe the effect that the choice of movement model has on each disease model's results, finding that in all cases, there are parameter regimes where choosing one movement model instead of another has a profound impact on epidemiological outcomes. We further demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate movement model using the applied case of malaria transmission and importation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, finding that one model produces intelligible predictions of R 0, whereas the other produces nonsensical results.
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Zebrowski A, Rundle A, Pei S, Yaman T, Yang W, Carr BG, Sims S, Doorley R, Schluger N, Quinn JW, Shaman J, Branas CC. A Spatiotemporal Tool to Project Hospital Critical Care Capacity and Mortality From COVID-19 in US Counties. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1113-1122. [PMID: 33856876 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To create a tool to rapidly determine where pandemic demand for critical care overwhelms county-level surge capacity and to compare public health and medical responses.Methods. In March 2020, COVID-19 cases requiring critical care were estimated using an adaptive metapopulation SEIR (susceptible‒exposed‒infectious‒recovered) model for all 3142 US counties for future 21-day and 42-day periods from April 2, 2020, to May 13, 2020, in 4 reactive patterns of contact reduction-0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%-and 4 surge response scenarios-very low, low, medium, and high.Results. In areas with increased demand, surge response measures could avert 104 120 additional deaths-55% through high clearance of critical care beds and 45% through measures such as greater ventilator access. The percentages of lives saved from high levels of contact reduction were 1.9 to 4.2 times greater than high levels of hospital surge response. Differences in projected versus actual COVID-19 demands were reasonably small over time.Conclusions. Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions had greater impact in minimizing preventable deaths during the pandemic than did hospital critical care surge response. Ready-to-go spatiotemporal supply and demand data visualization and analytics tools should be advanced for future preparedness and all-hazards disaster response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Zebrowski
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Sen Pei
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Tonguc Yaman
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Wan Yang
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Brendan G Carr
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Sarah Sims
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Ronan Doorley
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Neil Schluger
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - James W Quinn
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
| | - Charles C Branas
- Alexis Zebrowski and Brendan G. Carr are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Andrew Rundle, Tonguc Yaman, Wan Yang, James W. Quinn, and Charles C. Branas are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Sen Pei and Jeffrey Shaman are with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Sarah Sims is with Patient Insight, Santa Monica, CA. Ronan Doorley is with Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Neil Schluger is with the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
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Gressman PT, Peck JR. Simulating COVID-19 in a university environment. Math Biosci 2020; 328:108436. [PMID: 32758501 PMCID: PMC7398032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Residential colleges and universities face unique challenges in providing in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Administrators are currently faced with decisions about whether to open during the pandemic and what modifications of their normal operations might be necessary to protect students, faculty and staff. There is little information, however, on what measures are likely to be most effective and whether existing interventions could contain the spread of an outbreak on campus. We develop a full-scale stochastic agent-based model to determine whether in-person instruction could safely continue during the pandemic and evaluate the necessity of various interventions. Simulation results indicate that large scale randomized testing, contact-tracing, and quarantining are important components of a successful strategy for containing campus outbreaks. High test specificity is critical for keeping the size of the quarantine population manageable. Moving the largest classes online is also crucial for controlling both the size of outbreaks and the number of students in quarantine. Increased residential exposure can significantly impact the size of an outbreak, but it is likely more important to control non-residential social exposure among students. Finally, necessarily high quarantine rates even in controlled outbreaks imply significant absenteeism, indicating a need to plan for remote instruction of quarantined students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Gressman
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer R Peck
- Department of Economics, Swarthmore College, United States of America
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25
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Bekiros S, Kouloumpou D. SBDiEM: A new mathematical model of infectious disease dynamics. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2020; 136:109828. [PMID: 32327901 PMCID: PMC7177179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A worldwide multi-scale interplay among a plethora of factors, ranging from micro-pathogens and individual or population interactions to macro-scale environmental, socio-economic and demographic conditions, entails the development of highly sophisticated mathematical models for robust representation of the contagious disease dynamics that would lead to the improvement of current outbreak control strategies and vaccination and prevention policies. Due to the complexity of the underlying interactions, both deterministic and stochastic epidemiological models are built upon incomplete information regarding the infectious network. Hence, rigorous mathematical epidemiology models can be utilized to combat epidemic outbreaks. We introduce a new spatiotemporal approach (SBDiEM) for modeling, forecasting and nowcasting infectious dynamics, particularly in light of recent efforts to establish a global surveillance network for combating pandemics with the use of artificial intelligence. This model can be adjusted to describe past outbreaks as well as COVID-19. Our novel methodology may have important implications for national health systems, international stakeholders and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Bekiros
- European University Institute, Via delle Fontanelle, 18, Florence I-50014, Italy
- RCEA, LH3079, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L3C5, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Economics, Via delle Fontanelle, 18, I-50014 Florence, Italy.
| | - Dimitra Kouloumpou
- Hellenic Naval Academy, Section of Mathematics, Mathematical Modeling and Applications Laboratory, Piraeus 18539, Greece
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26
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Engebretsen S, Engø-Monsen K, Aleem MA, Gurley ES, Frigessi A, de Blasio BF. Time-aggregated mobile phone mobility data are sufficient for modelling influenza spread: the case of Bangladesh. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190809. [PMID: 32546112 PMCID: PMC7328378 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mobility plays a major role in the spatial dissemination of infectious diseases. We develop a spatio-temporal stochastic model for influenza-like disease spread based on estimates of human mobility. The model is informed by mobile phone mobility data collected in Bangladesh. We compare predictions of models informed by daily mobility data (reference) with that of models informed by time-averaged mobility data, and mobility model approximations. We find that the gravity model overestimates the spatial synchrony, while the radiation model underestimates the spatial synchrony. Using time-averaged mobility resulted in spatial spreading patterns comparable to the daily mobility model. We fit the model to 2014–2017 influenza data from sentinel hospitals in Bangladesh, using a sequential version of approximate Bayesian computation. We find a good agreement between our estimated model and the case data. We estimate transmissibility and regional spread of influenza in Bangladesh, which are useful for policy planning. Time-averaged mobility appears to be a good proxy for human mobility when modelling infectious diseases. This motivates a more general use of the time-averaged mobility, with important implications for future studies and outbreak control. Moreover, time-averaged mobility is subject to less privacy concerns than daily mobility, containing less temporal information on individual movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Engebretsen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Method Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mohammad Abdul Aleem
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily Suzanne Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arnoldo Frigessi
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Method Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Seno H. An SIS model for the epidemic dynamics with two phases of the human day-to-day activity. J Math Biol 2020. [PMID: 32270285 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-020-01491-0/figures/13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
An SIS model is analyzed to consider the contribution of community structure to the risk of the spread of a transmissible disease. We focus on the human day-to-day activity introduced by commuting to a central place for the social activity. We assume that the community is classified into two subpopulations: commuter and non-commuter, of which the commuter has two phases of the day-to-day activity: private and social. Further we take account of the combination of contact patterns in two phases, making use of mass-action and ratio-dependent types for the infection force. We investigate the dependence of the basic reproduction number on the commuter ratio and the daily expected duration at the social phase as essential factors characterizing the community structure, and show that the dependence is significantly affected by the combination of contact patterns, and that the difference in the commuter ratio could make the risk of the spread of a transmissible disease significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Seno
- Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Research Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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28
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Seno H. An SIS model for the epidemic dynamics with two phases of the human day-to-day activity. J Math Biol 2020; 80:2109-2140. [PMID: 32270285 PMCID: PMC7139907 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-020-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An SIS model is analyzed to consider the contribution of community structure to the risk of the spread of a transmissible disease. We focus on the human day-to-day activity introduced by commuting to a central place for the social activity. We assume that the community is classified into two subpopulations: commuter and non-commuter, of which the commuter has two phases of the day-to-day activity: private and social. Further we take account of the combination of contact patterns in two phases, making use of mass-action and ratio-dependent types for the infection force. We investigate the dependence of the basic reproduction number on the commuter ratio and the daily expected duration at the social phase as essential factors characterizing the community structure, and show that the dependence is significantly affected by the combination of contact patterns, and that the difference in the commuter ratio could make the risk of the spread of a transmissible disease significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Seno
- Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Research Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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29
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Schaber KL, Paz-Soldan VA, Morrison AC, Elson WHD, Rothman AL, Mores CN, Astete-Vega H, Scott TW, Waller LA, Kitron U, Elder JP, Barker CM, Perkins TA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Dengue illness impacts daily human mobility patterns in Iquitos, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007756. [PMID: 31545804 PMCID: PMC6776364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mobility plays a central role in shaping pathogen transmission by generating spatial and/or individual variability in potential pathogen-transmitting contacts. Recent research has shown that symptomatic infection can influence human mobility and pathogen transmission dynamics. Better understanding the complex relationship between symptom severity, infectiousness, and human mobility requires quantification of movement patterns throughout infectiousness. For dengue virus (DENV), human infectiousness peaks 0–2 days after symptom onset, making it paramount to understand human movement patterns from the beginning of illness. Methodology and principal findings Through community-based febrile surveillance and RT-PCR assays, we identified a cohort of DENV+ residents of the city of Iquitos, Peru (n = 63). Using retrospective interviews, we measured the movements of these individuals when healthy and during each day of symptomatic illness. The most dramatic changes in mobility occurred during the first three days after symptom onset; individuals visited significantly fewer locations (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.017) and spent significantly more time at home (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.005), compared to when healthy. By 7–9 days after symptom onset, mobility measures had returned to healthy levels. Throughout an individual’s symptomatic period, the day of illness and their subjective sense of well-being were the most significant predictors for the number of locations and houses they visited. Conclusions/Significance Our study is one of the first to collect and analyze human mobility data at a daily scale during symptomatic infection. Accounting for the observed changes in human mobility throughout illness will improve understanding of the impact of disease on DENV transmission dynamics and the interpretation of public health-based surveillance data. Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease of humans worldwide. Due to the limited mobility of the mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus, human mobility can be a key to both understanding an individual’s exposure to the virus and explaining the spread of dengue throughout a population. Accurate disease models should include human mobility; however, changes in human movement patterns due to the presence of symptoms need to be taken into account. We quantified the impact of symptom presence on human mobility throughout the infectious period by analyzing a dataset on the daily movements of dengue virus infected individuals. Accounting for these changing patterns of mobility will improve understanding of the complex relationship between symptom severity, human movement, and dengue virus transmission. Furthermore, dengue transmission models that incorporate symptom-driven mobility changes can be used to evaluate scenarios and strategies for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Schaber
- Program of Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Paz-Soldan
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - William H. D. Elson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Christopher N. Mores
- Department of Virology and Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima and Iquitos, Peru
| | - Helvio Astete-Vega
- Department of Virology and Emerging Infections, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima and Iquitos, Peru
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John P. Elder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
- Program of Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Engebretsen S, Engø-Monsen K, Frigessi A, Freiesleben de Blasio B. A theoretical single-parameter model for urbanisation to study infectious disease spread and interventions. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006879. [PMID: 30845153 PMCID: PMC6424465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is continuously urbanising, resulting in clusters of densely populated urban areas and more sparsely populated rural areas. We propose a method for generating spatial fields with controllable levels of clustering of the population. We build a synthetic country, and use this method to generate versions of the country with different clustering levels. Combined with a metapopulation model for infectious disease spread, this allows us to in silico explore how urbanisation affects infectious disease spread. In a baseline scenario with no interventions, the underlying population clustering seems to have little effect on the final size and timing of the epidemic. Under within-country restrictions on non-commuting travel, the final size decreases with increased population clustering. The effect of travel restrictions on reducing the final size is larger with higher clustering. The reduction is larger in the more rural areas. Within-country travel restrictions delay the epidemic, and the delay is largest for lower clustering levels. We implemented three different vaccination strategies-uniform vaccination (in space), preferentially vaccinating urban locations and preferentially vaccinating rural locations. The urban and uniform vaccination strategies were most effective in reducing the final size, while the rural vaccination strategy was clearly inferior. Visual inspection of some European countries shows that many countries already have high population clustering. In the future, they will likely become even more clustered. Hence, according to our model, within-country travel restrictions are likely to be less and less effective in delaying epidemics, while they will be more effective in decreasing final sizes. In addition, to minimise final sizes, it is important not to neglect urban locations when distributing vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically investigate the effect of urbanisation on infectious disease spread and in particular, to examine effectiveness of prevention measures as a function of urbanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Engebretsen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arnoldo Frigessi
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Bukachi SA, Mumbo AA, Alak ACD, Sebit W, Rumunu J, Biéler S, Ndung'u JM. Knowledge, attitudes and practices about human African trypanosomiasis and their implications in designing intervention strategies for Yei county, South Sudan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006826. [PMID: 30273342 PMCID: PMC6181432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A clear understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of a particular community is necessary in order to improve control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).New screening and diagnostic tools and strategies were introduced into South Sudan, as part of integrated delivery of primary healthcare. Knowledge and awareness on HAT, its new/improved screening and diagnostic tools, the places and processes of getting a confirmatory diagnosis and treatment are crucial to the success of this strategy. Methodology A KAP survey was carried out in Yei County, South Sudan, to identify gaps in community KAP and determine the preferred channels and sources of information on the disease. The cross-sectional KAP survey utilized questionnaires, complemented with key informant interviews and a focus group discussion to elicit communal as well as individual KAP on HAT. Findings Most (90%) of the respondents had general knowledge on HAT. Lower levels of education, gender and geographic locations without a history of HAT interventions were associated with incorrect knowledge and/or negative perceptions about the treatability of HAT. Symptoms appearing in the late stage were best known. A majority (97.2%) would seek treatment for HAT only in a health centre. However, qualitative data indicates that existing myths circulating in the popular imagination could influence people’s practices. Seventy-one percent of the respondents said they would offer social support to patients with HAT but qualitative data highlights that stigma still exists. Misconceptions and stigma can negatively influence the health seeking behaviour of HAT cases. In relation to communication, the top preferred and effective source of communication was radio (24%). Conclusion Gaps in relation to KAP on HAT still exist in the community. Perceptions on HAT, specifically myths and stigma, were key gaps that need to be bridged through effective education and communication strategies for HAT control alongside other interventions. Misconceptions about sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies, can be a hindrance to effective implementation of control interventions especially in the face of accelerating work to eliminate the disease. Understanding community knowledge, attitudes and practices about sleeping sickness is important in developing appropriate material for educating and sensitizing communities at risk of the disease. We conducted a study to establish community knowledge, attitudes and practices, including preferred channels of disseminating sleeping sickness information. Despite the fact that the community in Yei County knew about the disease, existing myths and stigma have the potential of influencing their health seeking behaviour. The radio, community health workers and village elders were the most preferred sources of sharing information with the community. There is need to develop education and awareness material to address issues of existing myths, potential stigma, treat ability of HAT, importance of testing and treatment, as well as provide information on the new/improved testing and treatment approaches for HAT. In addition, this should be provided through use of preferred and trusted sources of information dissemination, which is critical in uptake of HAT control, management and prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome A. Bukachi
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Research and Development, Passion Africa Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Angeline A. Mumbo
- South Sudan Coordination Office, Malteser International, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
| | - Ayak C. D. Alak
- Preventive Health Services, Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
| | - Wilson Sebit
- Preventive Health Services, Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
| | - John Rumunu
- Preventive Health Services, Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
| | - Sylvain Biéler
- Neglected Tropical Diseases, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M. Ndung'u
- Neglected Tropical Diseases, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
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Metapopulation model using commuting flow for national spread of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in the Republic of Korea. J Theor Biol 2018; 454:320-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Meakin SR, Keeling MJ. Correlations between stochastic epidemics in two interacting populations. Epidemics 2018; 26:58-67. [PMID: 30213654 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly apparent that heterogeneity in the interaction between individuals plays an important role in the dynamics, persistence, evolution and control of infectious diseases. In epidemic modelling two main forms of heterogeneity are commonly considered: spatial heterogeneity due to the segregation of populations and heterogeneity in risk at the same location. The transition from random-mixing to heterogeneous-mixing models is made by incorporating the interaction, or coupling, within and between subpopulations. However, such couplings are difficult to measure explicitly; instead, their action through the correlations between subpopulations is often all that can be observed. Here, using moment-closure methodology supported by stochastic simulation, we investigate how the coupling and resulting correlation are related. We focus on the simplest case of interactions, two identical coupled populations, and show that for a wide range of parameters the correlation between the prevalence of infection takes a relatively simple form. In particular, the correlation can be approximated by a logistic function of the between population coupling, with the free parameter determined analytically from the epidemiological parameters. These results suggest that detailed case-reporting data alone may be sufficient to infer the strength of between population interaction and hence lead to more accurate mathematical descriptions of infectious disease behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Meakin
- EPSRC & MRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Mathematics for Real-World Systems, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Matt J Keeling
- Zeeman Institute: SBIDER, Mathematics Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
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Coletti P, Poletto C, Turbelin C, Blanchon T, Colizza V. Shifting patterns of seasonal influenza epidemics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12786. [PMID: 30143689 PMCID: PMC6109160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal waves of influenza display a complex spatiotemporal pattern resulting from the interplay of biological, sociodemographic, and environmental factors. At country level many studies characterized the robust properties of annual epidemics, depicting a typical season. Here we analyzed season-by-season variability, introducing a clustering approach to assess the deviations from typical spreading patterns. The classification is performed on the similarity of temporal configurations of onset and peak times of regional epidemics, based on influenza-like-illness time-series in France from 1984 to 2014. We observed a larger variability in the onset compared to the peak. Two relevant classes of clusters emerge: groups of seasons sharing similar recurrent spreading patterns (clustered seasons) and single seasons displaying unique patterns (monoids). Recurrent patterns exhibit a more pronounced spatial signature than unique patterns. We assessed how seasons shift between these classes from onset to peak depending on epidemiological, environmental, and socio-demographic variables. We found that the spatial dynamics of influenza and its association with commuting, previously observed as a general property of French influenza epidemics, apply only to seasons exhibiting recurrent patterns. The proposed methodology is successful in providing new insights on influenza spread and can be applied to incidence time-series of different countries and different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Coletti
- ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy
- Universiteit Hasselt, I-Biostat, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Chiara Poletto
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Clément Turbelin
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, F75012, Paris, France.
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Enright J, Kao RR. Epidemics on dynamic networks. Epidemics 2018; 24:88-97. [PMID: 29907403 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In many populations, the patterns of potentially infectious contacts are transients that can be described as a network with dynamic links. The relative timescales of link and contagion dynamics and the characteristics that drive their tempos can lead to important differences to the static case. Here, we propose some essential nomenclature for their analysis, and then review the relevant literature. We describe recent advances in they apply to infection processes, considering all of the methods used to record, measure and analyse them, and their implications for disease transmission. Finally, we outline some key challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Enright
- Global Academy for Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Rowland Raymond Kao
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Krause AL, Kurowski L, Yawar K, Van Gorder RA. Stochastic epidemic metapopulation models on networks: SIS dynamics and control strategies. J Theor Biol 2018; 449:35-52. [PMID: 29673907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
While deterministic metapopulation models for the spread of epidemics between populations have been well-studied in the literature, variability in disease transmission rates and interaction rates between individual agents or populations suggests the need to consider stochastic fluctuations in model parameters in order to more fully represent realistic epidemics. In the present paper, we have extended a stochastic SIS epidemic model - which introduces stochastic perturbations in the form of white noise to the force of infection (the rate of disease transmission from classes of infected to susceptible populations) - to spatial networks, thereby obtaining a stochastic epidemic metapopulation model. We solved the stochastic model numerically and found that white noise terms do not drastically change the overall long-term dynamics of the system (for sufficiently small variance of the noise) relative to the dynamics of a corresponding deterministic system. The primary difference between the stochastic and deterministic metapopulation models is that for large time, solutions tend to quasi-stationary distributions in the stochastic setting, rather than to constant steady states in the deterministic setting. We then considered different approaches to controlling the spread of a stochastic SIS epidemic over spatial networks, comparing results for a spectrum of controls utilizing local to global information about the state of the epidemic. Variation in white noise was shown to be able to counteract the treatment rate (treated curing rate) of the epidemic, requiring greater treatment rates on the part of the control and suggesting that in real-life epidemics one should be mindful of such random variations in order for a treatment to be effective. Additionally, we point out some problems using white noise perturbations as a model, but show that a truncated noise process gives qualitatively comparable behaviors without these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Krause
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Lawrence Kurowski
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Kamran Yawar
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Robert A Van Gorder
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
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Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of seasonal and pandemic influenza create a need for forecasts of the geographic spread of this pathogen. Although it is well established that the spatial progression of infection is largely attributable to human mobility, difficulty obtaining real-time information on human movement has limited its incorporation into existing infectious disease forecasting techniques. In this study, we develop and validate an ensemble forecast system for predicting the spatiotemporal spread of influenza that uses readily accessible human mobility data and a metapopulation model. In retrospective state-level forecasts for 35 US states, the system accurately predicts local influenza outbreak onset,-i.e., spatial spread, defined as the week that local incidence increases above a baseline threshold-up to 6 wk in advance of this event. In addition, the metapopulation prediction system forecasts influenza outbreak onset, peak timing, and peak intensity more accurately than isolated location-specific forecasts. The proposed framework could be applied to emergent respiratory viruses and, with appropriate modifications, other infectious diseases.
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Silk M, Drewe J, Delahay R, Weber N, Steward L, Wilson-Aggarwal J, Boots M, Hodgson D, Croft D, McDonald R. Quantifying direct and indirect contacts for the potential transmission of infection between species using a multilayer contact network. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Detecting opportunities for between-species transmission of pathogens can be challenging, particularly if rare behaviours or environmental transmission are involved. We present a multilayer network framework to quantify transmission potential in multi-host systems, incorporating environmental transmission, by using empirical data on direct and indirect contacts between European badgers Meles meles and domestic cattle. We identify that indirect contacts via the environment at badger latrines on pasture are likely to be important for transmission within badger populations and between badgers and cattle. We also find a positive correlation between the role of individual badgers within the badger social network, and their role in the overall badger-cattle-environment network, suggesting that the same behavioural traits contribute to the role of individual badgers in within- and between-species transmission. These findings have implications for disease management interventions in this system, and our novel network approach can provide general insights into transmission in other multi-host disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Silk
- aEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Julian A. Drewe
- bThe Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Richard J. Delahay
- cNational Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Nicola Weber
- dCentre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Lucy C. Steward
- aEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Jared Wilson-Aggarwal
- aEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Mike Boots
- dCentre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
- eIntegrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David J. Hodgson
- dCentre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Darren P. Croft
- fCentre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Robbie A. McDonald
- aEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
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Berg SS, Forester JD, Craft ME. Infectious Disease in Wild Animal Populations: Examining Transmission and Control with Mathematical Models. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92373-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mathematical modeling of ecological interactions is an essential tool in predicting the behavior of complex systems across landscapes. The scientific literature is growing with examples of models used to explore predator-prey interactions, resource selection, population growth, and dynamics of disease transmission. These models provide managers with an efficient alternative means of testing new management and control strategies without resorting to empirical testing that is often costly, time-consuming, and impractical. This chapter presents a review of four types of mathematical models used to understand and predict the spread of infectious diseases in wild animals: compartmental, metapopulation, spatial, and contact network models. Descriptions of each model’s uses and limitations are used to provide a look at the complexities involved in modeling the spread of diseases and the trade-offs that accompany selecting one modeling approach over another. Potential avenues for the improvement and use of these models in future studies are also discussed, as are specific examples of how each type of model has improved our understanding of infectious diseases in populations of wild animals.
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Wesolowski A, Buckee CO, Engø-Monsen K, Metcalf CJE. Connecting Mobility to Infectious Diseases: The Promise and Limits of Mobile Phone Data. J Infect Dis 2017; 214:S414-S420. [PMID: 28830104 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human travel can shape infectious disease dynamics by introducing pathogens into susceptible populations or by changing the frequency of contacts between infected and susceptible individuals. Quantifying infectious disease-relevant travel patterns on fine spatial and temporal scales has historically been limited by data availability. The recent emergence of mobile phone calling data and associated locational information means that we can now trace fine scale movement across large numbers of individuals. However, these data necessarily reflect a biased sample of individuals across communities and are generally aggregated for both ethical and pragmatic reasons that may further obscure the nuance of individual and spatial heterogeneities. Additionally, as a general rule, the mobile phone data are not linked to demographic or social identifiers, or to information about the disease status of individual subscribers (although these may be made available in smaller-scale specific cases). Combining data on human movement from mobile phone data-derived population fluxes with data on disease incidence requires approaches that can tackle varying spatial and temporal resolutions of each data source and generate inference about dynamics on scales relevant to both pathogen biology and human ecology. Here, we review the opportunities and challenges of these novel data streams, illustrating our examples with analyses of 2 different pathogens in Kenya, and conclude by outlining core directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology.,Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline O Buckee
- Department of Epidemiology.,Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - C J E Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.,Office of Population Research, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, New Jersey
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Ewing A, Lee EC, Viboud C, Bansal S. Contact, Travel, and Transmission: The Impact of Winter Holidays on Influenza Dynamics in the United States. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:732-739. [PMID: 28031259 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The seasonality of influenza is thought to vary according to environmental factors and human behavior. During winter holidays, potential disease-causing contact and travel deviate from typical patterns. We aim to understand these changes on age-specific and spatial influenza transmission. Methods We characterized the changes to transmission and epidemic trajectories among children and adults in a spatial context before, during, and after the winter holidays among aggregated physician medical claims in the United States from 2001 to 2009 and among synthetic data simulated from a deterministic, age-specific spatial metapopulation model. Results Winter holidays reduced influenza transmission and delayed the trajectory of influenza season epidemics. The holiday period was marked by a shift in the relative risk of disease from children toward adults. Model results indicated that holidays delayed epidemic peaks and synchronized incidence across locations, and that contact reductions from school closures, rather than age-specific mixing and travel, produced these observed holiday influenza dynamics. Conclusions Winter holidays delay seasonal influenza epidemic peaks and shift disease risk toward adults because of changes in contact patterns. These findings may inform targeted influenza information and vaccination campaigns during holiday periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ewing
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lee
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. USA
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shweta Bansal
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. USA.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Panigutti C, Tizzoni M, Bajardi P, Smoreda Z, Colizza V. Assessing the use of mobile phone data to describe recurrent mobility patterns in spatial epidemic models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160950. [PMID: 28572990 PMCID: PMC5451791 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of large-scale call detail record data has substantially improved our ability of quantifying human travel patterns with broad applications in epidemiology. Notwithstanding a number of successful case studies, previous works have shown that using different mobility data sources, such as mobile phone data or census surveys, to parametrize infectious disease models can generate divergent outcomes. Thus, it remains unclear to what extent epidemic modelling results may vary when using different proxies for human movements. Here, we systematically compare 658 000 simulated outbreaks generated with a spatially structured epidemic model based on two different human mobility networks: a commuting network of France extracted from mobile phone data and another extracted from a census survey. We compare epidemic patterns originating from all the 329 possible outbreak seed locations and identify the structural network properties of the seeding nodes that best predict spatial and temporal epidemic patterns to be alike. We find that similarity of simulated epidemics is significantly correlated to connectivity, traffic and population size of the seeding nodes, suggesting that the adequacy of mobile phone data for infectious disease models becomes higher when epidemics spread between highly connected and heavily populated locations, such as large urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Panigutti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Giuria 1, Torino 10125, Italy
- ISI Foundation, via Alassio 11/C, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Michele Tizzoni
- ISI Foundation, via Alassio 11/C, Torino 10126, Italy
- Author for correspondence: Michele Tizzoni e-mail:
| | - Paolo Bajardi
- Aizoon Technology Consulting, Str. del Lionetto 6, Torino, Italy
| | - Zbigniew Smoreda
- Sociology and Economics of Networks and Services Department, Orange Laboratories, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- ISI Foundation, via Alassio 11/C, Torino 10126, Italy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP, UMR–S 1136), Paris, France
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Aragão SC, Ito PK, Paulan SC, Utsunomyia YT, Grisi Filho JH, Nunes CM. Animal movement network analysis as a tool to map farms serving as contamination source in cattle cysticercosis. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bovine cysticercosis is a problem distributed worldwide that result in economic losses mainly due to the condemnation of infected carcasses. One of the difficulties in applying control measures is the identification of the source of infection, especially because cattle are typically acquired from multiple farms. Here, we tested the utility of an animal movement network constructed with data from a farm that acquires cattle from several other different farms to map the major contributors of cysticercosis propagation. Additionally, based on the results of the network analysis, we deployed a sanitary management and drug treatment scheme to decrease cysticercosis’ occurrence in the farm. Six farms that had commercial trades were identified by the animal movement network and characterized as the main contributors to the occurrence of cysticercosis in the studied farm. The identification of farms with a putative risk of Taenia saginata infection using the animal movement network along with the proper sanitary management and drug treatment resulted in a gradual decrease in cysticercosis prevalence, from 25% in 2010 to 3.7% in 2011 and 1.8% in 2012. These results suggest that the animal movement network can contribute towards controlling bovine cysticercosis, thus minimizing economic losses and preventing human taeniasis.
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Galanter N, Silva D, Rowell JT, Rychtář J. Resource competition amid overlapping territories: The territorial raider model applied to multi-group interactions. J Theor Biol 2017; 412:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Preserving privacy whilst maintaining robust epidemiological predictions. Epidemics 2016; 17:35-41. [PMID: 27792892 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models are invaluable tools for quantifying potential epidemics and devising optimal control strategies in case of an outbreak. State-of-the-art models increasingly require detailed individual farm-based and sensitive data, which may not be available due to either lack of capacity for data collection or privacy concerns. However, in many situations, aggregated data are available for use. In this study, we systematically investigate the accuracy of predictions made by mathematical models initialised with varying data aggregations, using the UK 2001 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemic as a case study. We consider the scenario when the only data available are aggregated into spatial grid cells, and develop a metapopulation model where individual farms in a single subpopulation are assumed to behave uniformly and transmit randomly. We also adapt this standard metapopulation model to capture heterogeneity in farm size and composition, using farm census data. Our results show that homogeneous models based on aggregated data overestimate final epidemic size but can perform well for predicting spatial spread. Recognising heterogeneity in farm sizes improves predictions of the final epidemic size, identifying risk areas, determining the likelihood of epidemic take-off and identifying the optimal control strategy. In conclusion, in cases where individual farm-based data are not available, models can still generate meaningful predictions, although care must be taken in their interpretation and use.
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Yashima K, Sasaki A. Spotting Epidemic Keystones by R0 Sensitivity Analysis: High-Risk Stations in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162406. [PMID: 27607239 PMCID: PMC5015857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How can we identify the epidemiologically high-risk communities in a metapopulation network? The network centrality measure, which quantifies the relative importance of each location, is commonly utilized for this purpose. As the disease invasion condition is given from the basic reproductive ratio R0, we have introduced a novel centrality measure based on the sensitivity analysis of this R0 and shown its capability of revealing the characteristics that has been overlooked by the conventional centrality measures. The epidemic dynamics over the commute network of the Tokyo metropolitan area is theoretically analyzed by using this centrality measure. We found that, the impact of countermeasures at the largest station is more than 1,000 times stronger compare to that at the second largest station, even though the population sizes are only around 1.5 times larger. Furthermore, the effect of countermeasures at every station is strongly dependent on the existence and the number of commuters to this largest station. It is well known that the hubs are the most influential nodes, however, our analysis shows that only the largest among the network plays an extraordinary role. Lastly, we also found that, the location that is important for the prevention of disease invasion does not necessarily match the location that is important for reducing the number of infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yashima
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
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Danon L, Brooks-Pollock E. The need for data science in epidemic modelling. Phys Life Rev 2016; 18:102-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Birrell PJ, Zhang XS, Pebody RG, Gay NJ, De Angelis D. Reconstructing a spatially heterogeneous epidemic: Characterising the geographic spread of 2009 A/H1N1pdm infection in England. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29004. [PMID: 27404957 PMCID: PMC4941410 DOI: 10.1038/srep29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the geographic distribution of and movements within a population influence the spatial spread of infections is crucial for the design of interventions to curb transmission. Existing knowledge is typically based on results from simulation studies whereas analyses of real data remain sparse. The main difficulty in quantifying the spatial pattern of disease spread is the paucity of available data together with the challenge of incorporating optimally the limited information into models of disease transmission. To address this challenge the role of routine migration on the spatial pattern of infection during the epidemic of 2009 pandemic influenza in England is investigated here through two modelling approaches: parallel-region models, where epidemics in different regions are assumed to occur in isolation with shared characteristics; and meta-region models where inter-region transmission is expressed as a function of the commuter flux between regions. Results highlight that the significantly less computationally demanding parallel-region approach is sufficiently flexible to capture the underlying dynamics. This suggests that inter-region movement is either inaccurately characterized by the available commuting data or insignificant once its initial impact on transmission has subsided.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Distribution
- Aged
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Commerce
- Computer Simulation
- England/epidemiology
- Geography, Medical
- Holidays
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- London/epidemiology
- Middle Aged
- Models, Theoretical
- Pandemics
- Schools
- Seasons
- Seroconversion
- Transportation
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Birrell
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Insitute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Xu-Sheng Zhang
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Richard G. Pebody
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | | | - Daniela De Angelis
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Insitute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
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50
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Lamouroux D, Nagler J, Geisel T, Eule S. Paradoxical effects of coupling infectious livestock populations and imposing transport restrictions. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20142805. [PMID: 25540282 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity of a host population of mobile agents has been shown to be a crucial determinant of many aspects of disease dynamics, ranging from the proliferation of diseases to their persistence and to vaccination strategies. In addition, the importance of regional and structural differences grows in our modern world. Little is known, though, about the consequences when traits of a disease vary regionally. In this paper, we study the effect of a spatially varying per capita infection rate on the behaviour of livestock diseases. We show that the prevalence of an infectious livestock disease in a community of animals can paradoxically decrease owing to transport connections to other communities in which the risk of infection is higher. We study the consequences for the design of livestock transportation restriction measures and establish exact criteria to discriminate those connections that increase the level of infection in the community from those that decrease it.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lamouroux
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jan Nagler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Theo Geisel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Stephan Eule
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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