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Brown RE. Evo-devo applied to sleep research: an approach whose time has come. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae040. [PMID: 39022590 PMCID: PMC11253433 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Sleep occurs in all animals but its amount, form, and timing vary considerably between species and between individuals. Currently, little is known about the basis for these differences, in part, because we lack a complete understanding of the brain circuitry controlling sleep-wake states and markers for the cell types which can identify similar circuits across phylogeny. Here, I explain the utility of an "Evo-devo" approach for comparative studies of sleep regulation and function as well as for sleep medicine. This approach focuses on the regulation of evolutionary ancient transcription factors which act as master controllers of cell-type specification. Studying these developmental transcription factor cascades can identify novel cell clusters which control sleep and wakefulness, reveal the mechanisms which control differences in sleep timing, amount, and expression, and identify the timepoint in evolution when different sleep-wake control neurons appeared. Spatial transcriptomic studies, which identify cell clusters based on transcription factor expression, will greatly aid this approach. Conserved developmental pathways regulate sleep in mice, Drosophila, and C. elegans. Members of the LIM Homeobox (Lhx) gene family control the specification of sleep and circadian neurons in the forebrain and hypothalamus. Increased Lhx9 activity may account for increased orexin/hypocretin neurons and reduced sleep in Mexican cavefish. Other transcription factor families specify sleep-wake circuits in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. The expression of transcription factors allows the generation of specific cell types for transplantation approaches. Furthermore, mutations in developmental transcription factors are linked to variation in sleep duration in humans, risk for restless legs syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing. This paper is part of the "Genetic and other molecular underpinnings of sleep, sleep disorders, and circadian rhythms including translational approaches" collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie E Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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2
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Spikol ED, Cheng J, Macurak M, Subedi A, Halpern ME. Genetically defined nucleus incertus neurons differ in connectivity and function. eLife 2024; 12:RP89516. [PMID: 38819436 PMCID: PMC11142643 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleus incertus (NI), a conserved hindbrain structure implicated in the stress response, arousal, and memory, is a major site for production of the neuropeptide relaxin-3. On the basis of goosecoid homeobox 2 (gsc2) expression, we identified a neuronal cluster that lies adjacent to relaxin 3a (rln3a) neurons in the zebrafish analogue of the NI. To delineate the characteristics of the gsc2 and rln3a NI neurons, we used CRISPR/Cas9 targeted integration to drive gene expression specifically in each neuronal group, and found that they differ in their efferent and afferent connectivity, spontaneous activity, and functional properties. gsc2 and rln3a NI neurons have widely divergent projection patterns and innervate distinct subregions of the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Whereas gsc2 neurons are activated more robustly by electric shock, rln3a neurons exhibit spontaneous fluctuations in calcium signaling and regulate locomotor activity. Our findings define heterogeneous neurons in the NI and provide new tools to probe its diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D Spikol
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michelle Macurak
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Abhignya Subedi
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Marnie E Halpern
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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3
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DiBlasi E, Shabalin AA, Monson ET, Keeshin BR, Bakian AV, Kirby AV, Ferris E, Chen D, William N, Gaj E, Klein M, Jerominski L, Callor WB, Christensen E, Smith KR, Fraser A, Yu Z, Gray D, Camp NJ, Stahl EA, Li QS, Docherty AR, Coon H. Rare protein-coding variants implicate genes involved in risk of suicide death. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:508-520. [PMID: 34042246 PMCID: PMC9292859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Identification of genetic factors leading to increased risk of suicide death is critical to combat rising suicide rates, however, only a fraction of the genetic variation influencing risk has been accounted for. To address this limitation, we conducted the first comprehensive analysis of rare genetic variation in suicide death leveraging the largest suicide death biobank, the Utah Suicide Genetic Risk Study (USGRS). We conducted a single-variant association analysis of rare (minor allele frequency <1%) putatively functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present on the Illumina PsychArray genotyping array in 2,672 USGRS suicide deaths of non-Finnish European (NFE) ancestry and 51,583 NFE controls from the Genome Aggregation Database. Secondary analyses used an independent control sample of 21,324 NFE controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Five novel, high-impact, rare SNPs were identified with significant associations with suicide death (SNAPC1, rs75418419; TNKS1BP1, rs143883793; ADGRF5, rs149197213; PER1, rs145053802; and ESS2, rs62223875). 119 suicide decedents carried these high-impact SNPs. Both PER1 and SNAPC1 have other supporting gene-level evidence of suicide risk, and psychiatric associations exist for PER1 (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia), and for TNKS1BP1 and ESS2 (schizophrenia). Three of the genes (PER1, TNKS1BP1, and ADGRF5), together with additional genes implicated by genome-wide association studies on suicidal behavior, showed significant enrichment in immune system, homeostatic and signal transduction processes. No specific diagnostic phenotypes were associated with the subset of suicide deaths with the identified rare variants. These findings suggest an important role for rare variants in suicide risk and implicate genes and gene pathways for targeted replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily DiBlasi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Andrey A. Shabalin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Eric T. Monson
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Brooks R. Keeshin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Safe and Healthy Families, Primary Children's HospitalIntermountain HealthcareSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Amanda V. Bakian
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anne V. Kirby
- Department of Occupational & Recreational TherapiesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Elliott Ferris
- Department of Neurobiology & AnatomyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Danli Chen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Nancy William
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Eoin Gaj
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Michael Klein
- Health Sciences Center Core Research FacilityUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Leslie Jerominski
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - W. Brandon Callor
- Utah State Office of the Medical ExaminerUtah Department of HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Erik Christensen
- Utah State Office of the Medical ExaminerUtah Department of HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Pedigree & Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Alison Fraser
- Pedigree & Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Zhe Yu
- Pedigree & Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Douglas Gray
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Nicola J. Camp
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Eli A. Stahl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric GenomicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qingqin S. Li
- Neuroscience Data Science, Janssen Research & Development LLCTitusvilleNew JerseyUSA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,University of Utah Health, Huntsman Mental Health InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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4
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Hyde J, Eidels A, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I, Campbell L. Gene Deletion and Sleep Depletion: Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep and Affect in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:304-316. [PMID: 34114933 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1930995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. Sleep problems have been reported in this population, and psychiatric disorders and affect dysregulation are common to the behavioral phenotype of 22q11DS. Sleep and affect have been consistently linked across multiple studies, yet despite this very little research has investigated sleep problems in 22q11DS, or the link between sleep and affect in this population. The Experience Sampling Method was used to track daily reports of sleep quality and affect in a total of 29 individuals with 22q11DS and 21 control subjects. Measurements were recorded during a 6-day period using an electronic device that prompted daily response with audio cues. Participants with 22q11DS were found to experience a longer sleep onset latency and a greater amount, and duration, of night wakings compared with control subjects. Despite this, no significant between-group difference was found for subjective sleep quality. 22q11DS participants reported more experiences of negative affect and less positive affect than control subjects. A bidirectional relationship was found between sleep measures and affect. Sleep problems can cause a wide range of negative health effects, and individuals with 22q11DS are particularly vulnerable to deficits of sleep. To ensure high standards of care, healthcare providers should be aware of the possibility and impact of sleep problems in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyn Hyde
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Ami Eidels
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Saito R, Miyoshi C, Koebis M, Kushima I, Nakao K, Mori D, Ozaki N, Funato H, Yanagisawa M, Aiba A. Two novel mouse models mimicking minor deletions in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed the contribution of each deleted region to psychiatric disorders. Mol Brain 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 33845872 PMCID: PMC8042712 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a disorder caused by the segmental deletion of human chromosome 22. This chromosomal deletion is known as high genetic risk factors for various psychiatric disorders. The different deletion types are identified in 22q11.2DS patients, including the most common 3.0-Mb deletion, and the less-frequent 1.5-Mb and 1.4-Mb deletions. In previous animal studies of psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS mainly focused on the 1.5-Mb deletion and model mice mimicking the human 1.5-Mb deletion have been established with diverse genetic backgrounds, which resulted in the contradictory phenotypes. On the other hand, the contribution of the genes in 1.4-Mb region to psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. In this study, we generated two mouse lines that reproduced the 1.4-Mb and 1.5-Mb deletions of 22q11.2DS [Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+] on the pure C57BL/6N genetic background. These mutant mice were analyzed comprehensively by behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, sociability, prepulse inhibition and fear-conditioning memory. Del(1.4 Mb)/+ mice displayed decreased locomotor activity, but no abnormalities were observed in all other behavioral tests. Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice showed reduction of prepulse inhibition and impairment of contextual- and cued-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with previous reports. Furthermore, apparently intact social recognition in Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice suggests that the impaired social recognition observed in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice mimicking the human 3.0-Mb deletion requires mutations both in 1.4-Mb and 1.5 Mb regions. Our previous study has shown that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice presented disturbance of behavioral circadian rhythm. Therefore, we further evaluated sleep/wakefulness cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice by electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recording. EEG/EMG analysis revealed the disturbed wakefulness and non-rapid eye moving sleep (NREMS) cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice, suggesting that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice may be unable to maintain their wakefulness. Together, our mouse models deepen our understanding of genetic contributions to schizophrenic phenotypes related to 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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6
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Molecular Fingerprint and Developmental Regulation of the Tegmental GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons Derived from the Anterior Hindbrain. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108268. [PMID: 33053343 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tegmental nuclei in the ventral midbrain and anterior hindbrain control motivated behavior, mood, memory, and movement. These nuclei contain inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic neurons, whose molecular diversity and development remain largely unraveled. Many tegmental neurons originate in the embryonic ventral rhombomere 1 (r1), where GABAergic fate is regulated by the transcription factor (TF) Tal1. We used single-cell mRNA sequencing of the mouse ventral r1 to characterize the Tal1-dependent and independent neuronal precursors. We describe gene expression dynamics during bifurcation of the GABAergic and glutamatergic lineages and show how active Notch signaling promotes GABAergic fate selection in post-mitotic precursors. We identify GABAergic precursor subtypes that give rise to distinct tegmental nuclei and demonstrate that Sox14 and Zfpm2, two TFs downstream of Tal1, are necessary for the differentiation of specific tegmental GABAergic neurons. Our results provide a framework for understanding the development of cellular diversity in the tegmental nuclei.
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Liu CY, Tsai CJ, Yasugaki S, Nagata N, Morita M, Isotani A, Yanagisawa M, Hayashi Y. Copine-7 is required for REM sleep regulation following cage change or water immersion and restraint stress in mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 165:14-25. [PMID: 32283105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is affected by the environment. In rodents, changes in the amount of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) can precede those of other sleep/wake stages. The molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation of REMS remains poorly understood. Here, we focused on the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), located in the pontine tegmental area, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of REMS. We searched for genes selectively expressed in the SLD and identified copine-7 (Cpne7), whose involvement in sleep was totally unknown. We generated Cpne7-Cre knock-in mice, which enabled both the knockout (KO) of Cpne7 and the genetic labeling of Cpne7-expressing cells. While Cpne7-KO mice exhibited normal sleep under basal conditions, the amount of REMS in Cpne7-KO mice was larger compared to wildtype mice following cage change or water immersion and restraint stress, both of which are conditions that acutely reduce REMS. Thus, it was suggested that copine-7 is involved in negatively regulating REMS under certain conditions. In addition, chemogenetically activating Cpne7-expressing neurons in the SLD reduced the amount of REMS, suggesting that these neurons negatively regulate REMS. These results identify copine-7 and Cpne7-expressing neurons in the SLD as candidate molecular or neuronal components of the regulatory system that controls REMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chia-Jung Tsai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yasugaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nanae Nagata
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miho Morita
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- NPO for Biotechnology Research and Development, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390, Dallas, TX, USA; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of MIRAI in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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8
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Niwa Y, Kanda GN, Yamada RG, Shi S, Sunagawa GA, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Fujishima H, Matsumoto N, Masumoto KH, Nagano M, Kasukawa T, Galloway J, Perrin D, Shigeyoshi Y, Ukai H, Kiyonari H, Sumiyama K, Ueda HR. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Chrm1 and Chrm3 Are Essential for REM Sleep. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2231-2247.e7. [PMID: 30157420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep regulation involves interdependent signaling among specialized neurons in distributed brain regions. Although acetylcholine promotes wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, it is unclear whether the cholinergic pathway is essential (i.e., absolutely required) for REM sleep because of redundancy from neural circuits to molecules. First, we demonstrate that synaptic inhibition of TrkA+ cholinergic neurons causes a severe short-sleep phenotype and that sleep reduction is mostly attributable to a shortened sleep duration in the dark phase. Subsequent comprehensive knockout of acetylcholine receptor genes by the triple-target CRISPR method reveals that a similar short-sleep phenotype appears in the knockout of two Gq-type acetylcholine receptors Chrm1 and Chrm3. Strikingly, Chrm1 and Chrm3 double knockout chronically diminishes REM sleep to an almost undetectable level. These results suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, Chrm1 and Chrm3, are essential for REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Niwa
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Genki N Kanda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rikuhiro G Yamada
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoi Shi
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Genshiro A Sunagawa
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maki Ukai-Tadenuma
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujishima
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Masumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan; Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Mianmi-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nagano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Large Scale Data Managing Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - James Galloway
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Dimitri Perrin
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Ukai
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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9
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Metzger M, Souza R, Lima LB, Bueno D, Gonçalves L, Sego C, Donato J, Shammah-Lagnado SJ. Habenular connections with the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and their role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:65-88. [PMID: 31833616 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search for a great unifying function, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb plays a major role in the encoding of aversive stimuli ranging from noxious stimuli to the loss of predicted rewards. Consistent with a role as an anti-reward center, aberrant LHb activity has now been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Moreover, both MHb and LHb emerged as new players in the reward circuitry by primarily mediating the aversive properties of distinct drugs of abuse. Anatomically, the Hb serves as a bridge that links basal forebrain structures with monoaminergic nuclei in the mid- and hindbrain. So far, research on Hb has focused on the role of the LHb in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, LHb/MHb are also interconnected with the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nucleus. Hence, it is conceivable that some of the habenular functions are at least partly mediated by the complex network that links MHb/LHb with pontomesencephalic monoaminergic nuclei. Here, we summarize research about the topography and transmitter phenotype of the reciprocal connections between the LHb and ventral tegmental area-nigra complex, as well as those between the LHb and DR/MnR. Indirect MHb outputs via interpeduncular nucleus to state-setting neuromodulatory networks will also be commented. Finally, we discuss the role of specific LHb-VTA and LHb/MHb-raphe circuits in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rudieri Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Chemutai Sego
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara J Shammah-Lagnado
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Neuronal Myocyte-Specific Enhancer Factor 2D (MEF2D) Is Required for Normal Circadian and Sleep Behavior in Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7958-7967. [PMID: 31420455 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0411-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2), is required for normal circadian behavior in Drosophila; however, its role in the mammalian circadian system has not been established. Of the four mammalian Mef2 genes, Mef2d is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region critical for coordinating peripheral circadian clocks. Using both conventional and brain-specific Mef2d KO (Mef2d -/-) mouse lines, we demonstrate that MEF2D is essential for maintaining the length of the circadian free-running period of locomotor activity and normal sleep patterns in male mice. Crossing Mef2d -/- with Per2::luc reporter mice, we show that these behavioral changes are achieved without altering the endogenous period of the master circadian oscillator in the SCN. Together, our data suggest that alterations in behavior in Mef2d -/- mice may be the result of an effect on SCN output, rather than an effect on timekeeping within the SCN itself. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that MEF2 proteins play important roles in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT These studies are the first to show a role for MEF2 proteins in the brain outside of the hippocampus, and our findings suggest that these proteins may play diverse roles in the CNS. It is important to continue to build on our understanding of the roles of proteins acting in the SCN because SCN dysfunction underlies jet lag in humans and influences the response to shift work schedules, which are now known as risk factors for the development of cancer. Our work on MEF2D could be the basis for opening new lines of research in the development and regulation of circadian rhythms.
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11
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Bueno D, Lima LB, Souza R, Gonçalves L, Leite F, Souza S, Furigo IC, Donato J, Metzger M. Connections of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus with the habenular‐interpeduncular‐raphe system. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:3046-3072. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leandro B. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rudieri Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Human AnatomyFederal University of the Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefani Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isadora C. Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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12
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Motahari Z, Moody SA, Maynard TM, LaMantia AS. In the line-up: deleted genes associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome: are they all suspects? J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:7. [PMID: 31174463 PMCID: PMC6554986 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a copy number variation (CNV) disorder, occurs in approximately 1:4000 live births due to a heterozygous microdeletion at position 11.2 (proximal) on the q arm of human chromosome 22 (hChr22) (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011). This disorder was known as DiGeorge syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) or conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) based upon diagnostic cardiovascular, pharyngeal, and craniofacial anomalies (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011; Burn et al., J Med Genet 30:822-4, 1993) before this phenotypic spectrum was associated with 22q11.2 CNVs. Subsequently, 22q11.2 deletion emerged as a major genomic lesion associated with vulnerability for several clinically defined behavioral deficits common to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders (Fernandez et al., Principles of Developmental Genetics, 2015; Robin and Shprintzen, J Pediatr 147:90-6, 2005; Schneider et al., Am J Psychiatry 171:627-39, 2014). RESULTS The mechanistic relationships between heterozygously deleted 22q11.2 genes and 22q11DS phenotypes are still unknown. We assembled a comprehensive "line-up" of the 36 protein coding loci in the 1.5 Mb minimal critical deleted region on hChr22q11.2, plus 20 protein coding loci in the distal 1.5 Mb that defines the 3 Mb typical 22q11DS deletion. We categorized candidates based upon apparent primary cell biological functions. We analyzed 41 of these genes that encode known proteins to determine whether haploinsufficiency of any single 22q11.2 gene-a one gene to one phenotype correspondence due to heterozygous deletion restricted to that locus-versus complex multigenic interactions can account for single or multiple 22q11DS phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our 22q11.2 functional genomic assessment does not support current theories of single gene haploinsufficiency for one or all 22q11DS phenotypes. Shared molecular functions, convergence on fundamental cell biological processes, and related consequences of individual 22q11.2 genes point to a matrix of multigenic interactions due to diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage. These interactions target fundamental cellular mechanisms essential for development, maturation, or homeostasis at subsets of 22q11DS phenotypic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Motahari
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Sally Ann Moody
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Thomas Michael Maynard
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
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13
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Winsky-Sommerer R, de Oliveira P, Loomis S, Wafford K, Dijk DJ, Gilmour G. Disturbances of sleep quality, timing and structure and their relationship with other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: Insights from studies in patient populations and animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:112-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Komiya H, Miyoshi C, Iwasaki K, Hotta-Hirashima N, Ikkyu A, Kanno S, Honda T, Gosho M, Hamada H, Satoh T, Fukamizu A, Funato H, Yanagisawa M. Sleep/Wake Behaviors in Mice During Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Associated Hypertensive Mice. Sleep 2019; 41:4773862. [PMID: 29309677 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives In humans and other mammals, sleep is altered during pregnancy. However, no studies have been conducted on sleep/wakefulness during pregnancy in mice. In this study, we examined sleep/wakefulness in female C57BL/6 mice during pregnancy. We also examined sleep/wake behaviors in an animal model of preeclampsia, pregnancy-associated hypertensive (PAH) mice, in which increased angiotensin causes hypertension. Methods Sleep/wake behaviors of female C57BL/6 and PAH mice were examined based on electroencephalogram (EEG) or electromyogram recordings before, during, and after pregnancy. To examine whether high blood pressure disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in PAH mice, Evans blue dye was injected intravenously. Angiotensin II receptor blocker (olmesartan)-administered PAH mice and female Tsukuba hypertensive mice were also examined. Results C57BL/6 mice showed a decreased total wake time and increased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time during late pregnancy. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time did not change during the course of pregnancy. PAH mice exhibited a general slowing of EEG during late pregnancy and subsequently returned to apparently normal sleep/wakefulness after delivery. All PAH mice exhibited multiple focal leakages of Evans blue dye in the brain. Spike-and-wave discharges were observed in 50% of PAH mice. Olmesartan-administered PAH mice did not show general slowing of EEG. Tsukuba hypertensive mice showed a normal time spent in wakefulness and NREM sleep and a decreased total REM sleep time. Conclusions This study showed pregnant-stage-specific changes in sleep/wakefulness in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, PAH mice may be useful as an animal model for eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Komiya
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanako Iwasaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Hotta-Hirashima
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aya Ikkyu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satomi Kanno
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takato Honda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Gosho
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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15
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Developmental Requirement of Homeoprotein Otx2 for Specific Habenulo-Interpeduncular Subcircuits. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1005-1019. [PMID: 30593496 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1818-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenulo-interpeduncular system (HIPS) is now recognized as a critical circuit modulating aversion, reward, and social behavior. There is evidence that dysfunction of this circuit leads to psychiatric disorders. Because psychiatric diseases may originate in developmental abnormalities, it is crucial to investigate the developmental mechanisms controlling the formation of the HIPS. Thus far, this issue has been the focus of limited studies. Here, we explored the developmental processes underlying the formation of the medial habenula (MHb) and its unique output, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), in mice independently of their gender. We report that the Otx2 homeobox gene is essential for the proper development of both structures. We show that MHb and IPN neurons require Otx2 at different developmental stages and, in both cases, Otx2 deletion leads to disruption of HIPS subcircuits. Finally, we show that Otx2+ neurons tend to be preferentially interconnected. This study reveals that synaptically connected components of the HIPS, despite radically different developmental strategies, share high sensitivity to Otx2 expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain reward circuits are highly complex and still poorly understood. In particular, it is important to understand how these circuits form as many psychiatric diseases may arise from their abnormal development. This work shows that Otx2, a critical evolutionary conserved gene implicated in brain development and a predisposing factor for psychiatric diseases, is required for the formation of the habenulo-interpeduncular system (HIPS), an important component of the reward circuit. Otx2 deletion affects multiple processes such as proliferation and migration of HIPS neurons. Furthermore, neurons expressing Otx2 are preferentially interconnected. Therefore, Otx2 expression may represent a code that specifies the connectivity of functional subunits of the HIPS. Importantly, the Otx2 conditional knock-out animals used in this study might represent a new genetic model of psychiatric diseases.
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16
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A single phosphorylation site of SIK3 regulates daily sleep amounts and sleep need in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10458-10463. [PMID: 30254177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810823115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionally conserved behavior from vertebrates to invertebrates. The molecular mechanisms that determine daily sleep amounts and the neuronal substrates for homeostatic sleep need remain unknown. Through a large-scale forward genetic screen of sleep behaviors in mice, we previously demonstrated that the Sleepy mutant allele of the Sik3 protein kinase gene markedly increases daily nonrapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) amounts and sleep need. The Sleepy mutation deletes the in-frame exon 13 encoding a peptide stretch encompassing S551, a known PKA recognition site in SIK3. Here, we demonstrate that single amino acid changes at SIK3 S551 (S551A and S551D) reproduce the hypersomnia phenotype of the Sleepy mutant mice. These mice exhibit increased NREMS amounts and inherently increased sleep need, the latter demonstrated by increased duration of individual NREMS episodes and higher EEG slow-wave activity during NREMS. At the molecular level, deletion or mutation at SIK3 S551 reduces PKA recognition and abolishes 14-3-3 binding. Our results suggest that the evolutionally conserved S551 of SIK3 mediates, together with PKA and 14-3-3, the intracellular signaling crucial for the regulation of daily sleep amounts and sleep need at the organismal level.
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17
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Iwasaki K, Komiya H, Kakizaki M, Miyoshi C, Abe M, Sakimura K, Funato H, Yanagisawa M. Ablation of Central Serotonergic Neurons Decreased REM Sleep and Attenuated Arousal Response. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:535. [PMID: 30131671 PMCID: PMC6090062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep/wake behavior is regulated by distinct groups of neurons, such as dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and orexinergic neurons. Although monoaminergic neurons are usually considered to be wake-promoting, the role of serotonergic neurons in sleep/wake behavior remains inconclusive because of the effect of serotonin (5-HT)-deficiency on brain development and the compensation for inborn 5-HT deficiency by other sleep/wake-regulating neurons. Here, we performed selective ablation of central 5-HT neurons in the newly developed Rosa-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)-tdTomato mouse line that was crossed with Pet1Cre/+ mice to examine the role of 5-HT neurons in the sleep/wake behavior of adult mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of diphtheria toxin completely ablated tdTomato-positive cells in Pet1Cre/+; Rosa-DTR-tdTomato mice. Electroencephalogram/electromyogram-based sleep/wake analysis demonstrated that central 5-HT neuron ablation in adult mice decreased the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which was associated with fewer transitions from non-REM (NREM) sleep to REM sleep than in control mice. Central 5-HT neuron-ablated mice showed attenuated wake response to a novel environment and increased theta power during wakefulness compared to control mice. The current findings indicated that adult 5-HT neurons work to support wakefulness and regulate REM sleep time through a biased transition from NREM sleep to REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Iwasaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruna Komiya
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyo Kakizaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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18
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Yang SR, Hu ZZ, Luo YJ, Zhao YN, Sun HX, Yin D, Wang CY, Yan YD, Wang DR, Yuan XS, Ye CB, Guo W, Qu WM, Cherasse Y, Lazarus M, Ding YQ, Huang ZL. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus is essential for non-rapid eye movement sleep. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002909. [PMID: 29652889 PMCID: PMC5919677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), also called the GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area, projects to the midbrain dopaminergic system, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and other regions. Whether the RMTg is involved in sleep-wake regulation is unknown. In the present study, pharmacogenetic activation of rat RMTg neurons promoted non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with increased slow-wave activity (SWA). Conversely, rats after neurotoxic lesions of 8 or 16 days showed decreased NREM sleep with reduced SWA at lights on. The reduced SWA persisted at least 25 days after lesions. Similarly, pharmacological and pharmacogenetic inactivation of rat RMTg neurons decreased NREM sleep. Electrophysiological experiments combined with optogenetics showed a direct inhibitory connection between the terminals of RMTg neurons and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The bidirectional effects of the RMTg on the sleep-wake cycle were mimicked by the modulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA)/substantia nigra compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neuronal activity using a pharmacogenetic approach. Furthermore, during the 2-hour recovery period following 6-hour sleep deprivation, the amount of NREM sleep in both the lesion and control rats was significantly increased compared with baseline levels; however, only the control rats showed a significant increase in SWA compared with baseline levels. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of the RMTg in the promotion of NREM sleep and homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dou Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Ru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Bo Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoan Cherasse
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shi H, Wang Z. Atypical microdeletion in 22q11 deletion syndrome reveals new candidate causative genes: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9936. [PMID: 29465581 PMCID: PMC5841983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE 22q11 deletion syndrome, the most common chromosomal microdeletion disease, is caused by megabase-sized deletions on chromosome 22q11.2. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies in velopharyngeal and facial, cardiac, genitourinary, vertebroskeletal, respiratory, digestive, and central nervous systems. Phenotype-genotype studies have revealed several causative genes that regulate the development of the third and fourth pharyngeal arches in human. However, the exact pathogenesis of this syndrome remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of 22q11 deletion syndrome with an atypical microdeletion of 125 kb. PATIENT CONCERNS A 15-year-old Chinese girl presented with symptoms of facial dysmorphia, cardiac defects, velopharyngeal insufficiency, splenomegaly, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia. DIAGNOSES Microarray analysis revealed a 22q11.23 deletion of 125 kb (chromosome 22: 24276973-24402263), suggesting the diagnosis of 22q11 deletion syndrome. The haploinsufficient genes included GSTT2B, GSTT2, DDTL, DDT, GSTTP1, LOC391322, GSTT1, and GSTTP2. INTERVENTIONS The patient was administrated glucocorticoids and calcium supplements. OUTCOMES No epistaxis or petechiae episode occurred during the follow-up; her platelet count ranged between 60 × 10 and 80 × 10/L. LESSONS Although none of the previous reported causative genes were affected in the patient, her clinical manifestations were typical of 22q11 deletion syndrome, apart from her progressive splenomegaly. This case indicated 8 new candidate pathogenic genes for 22q11 deletion syndrome. Given that the loss of these genes was sufficient to induce 22q11DS defects, whether these genes directly influence the pathogenesis of 22q11DS or through interactions with known hotspot mutations is worthy of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Central [CNS] and Peripheral [Gastric Tissue] Selective Monitoring of Somatostatin (SRIF) with Micro-Sensor and Voltammetry in Rats: Influence of Growth Factors (GH, EGF). BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040053. [PMID: 29149074 PMCID: PMC5746776 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF) is widely distributed throughout the body, and regulates the endocrine system via interactions with various hormones, including the pituitary growth hormone, the thyroid stimulating hormone and the majority of the hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. SRIF is present in the central nervous system (CNS), where it affects rates of neurotransmission, and is also reported to be active in the intestinal tract, with evidence that stressed rats present a significant decrease in antral somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI). Analysis of SRIF has mainly been carried out by means of radioimmunoassay methods. Here, we propose the use of an electrochemical method, such as voltammetry, applied with carbon-based sensors and, in particular, the combination of differential pulse voltammetry with treated carbon fiber micro electrodes (DPV-µCFE) to facilitate the analysis of such peptidergic electro active hormones in the rat striatum and gastric tissue; the effect of growth hormone (GH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), in particular, upon the SRIF signal has been studied in such tissues.
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Broms J, Grahm M, Haugegaard L, Blom T, Meletis K, Tingström A. Monosynaptic retrograde tracing of neurons expressing the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr151 in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3227-3250. [PMID: 28657115 PMCID: PMC5601234 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GPR151 is a G‐protein coupled receptor for which the endogenous ligand remains unknown. In the nervous system of vertebrates, its expression is enriched in specific diencephalic structures, where the highest levels are observed in the habenular area. The habenula has been implicated in a range of different functions including behavioral flexibility, decision making, inhibitory control, and pain processing, which makes it a promising target for treating psychiatric and neurological disease. This study aimed to further characterize neurons expressing the Gpr151 gene, by tracing the afferent connectivity of this diencephalic cell population. Using pseudotyped rabies virus in a transgenic Gpr151‐Cre mouse line, monosynaptic afferents of habenular and thalamic Gpr151‐expressing neuronal populations could be visualized. The habenular and thalamic Gpr151 systems displayed both shared and distinct connectivity patterns. The habenular neurons primarily received input from basal forebrain structures, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the lateral preoptic area, the entopeduncular nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area. The Gpr151‐expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus was primarily contacted by medial hypothalamic areas as well as the zona incerta and projected to specific forebrain areas such as the prelimbic cortex and the accumbens nucleus. Gpr151 mRNA was also detected at low levels in the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus which received input from areas associated with visual processing, including the superior colliculus, zona incerta, and the visual and retrosplenial cortices. Knowledge about the connectivity of Gpr151‐expressing neurons will facilitate the interpretation of future functional studies of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Broms
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Grahm
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lea Haugegaard
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Blom
- Biomedical Services Division, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Tingström
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lima LB, Bueno D, Leite F, Souza S, Gonçalves L, Furigo IC, Donato J, Metzger M. Afferent and efferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus with special reference to circuits involving the habenula and raphe nuclei. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2411-2442. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro B. Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefani Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isadora C. Furigo
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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23
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Forward-genetics analysis of sleep in randomly mutagenized mice. Nature 2016; 539:378-383. [PMID: 27806374 PMCID: PMC6076225 DOI: 10.1038/nature20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, and is tightly regulated in a homeostatic manner. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine the amount of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) remain unknown. Here we identify two dominant mutations that affect sleep and wakefulness by using an electroencephalogram/electromyogram-based screen of randomly mutagenized mice. A splicing mutation in the Sik3 protein kinase gene causes a profound decrease in total wake time, owing to an increase in inherent sleep need. Sleep deprivation affects phosphorylation of regulatory sites on the kinase, suggesting a role for SIK3 in the homeostatic regulation of sleep amount. Sik3 orthologues also regulate sleep in fruitflies and roundworms. A missense, gain-of-function mutation in the sodium leak channel NALCN reduces the total amount and episode duration of REMS, apparently by increasing the excitability of REMS-inhibiting neurons. Our results substantiate the use of a forward-genetics approach for studying sleep behaviours in mice, and demonstrate the role of SIK3 and NALCN in regulating the amount of NREMS and REMS, respectively.
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Commons KG. Ascending serotonin neuron diversity under two umbrellas. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:3347-60. [PMID: 26740230 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Forebrain serotonin relevant for many psychological disorders arises in the hindbrain, primarily within the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MR). These nuclei are heterogeneous, containing several distinct groups of serotonin neurons. Here, new insight into the afferent and efferent connectivity of these areas is reviewed in correlation with their developmental origin. These data suggest that the caudal third of the DR, the area originally designated B6, may be misidentified as part of the DR as it shares many features of connectivity with the MR. By considering the rostral DR independently and affiliating the B6 to the MR, the diverse subgroups of serotonin neurons can be arranged with more coherence into two umbrella groups, each with distinctive domains of influence. Serotonin neurons within the rostral DR are uniquely interconnected with brain areas associated with emotion and motivation such as the amygdala, accumbens and ventral pallidum. In contrast serotonin neurons in the B6 and MR are characterized by their dominion over the septum and hippocampus. This distinction between the DR and B6/MR parallels their developmental origin and likely impacts their role in both behavior and psychopathology. Implications and further subdivisions within these areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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25
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Commons KG. Two major network domains in the dorsal raphe nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1488-504. [PMID: 25652113 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MR) are clustered into heterogeneous groups that give rise to topographically organized forebrain projections. However, a compelling definition of the key subgroups of serotonin neurons within these areas has remained elusive. In order to be functionally distinct, neurons must participate in distinct networks. Therefore, we analyzed subregions of the DR and MR by their afferent input. Clustering methods and principal component analysis were applied in mouse to anterograde tract-tracing experiments available from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. The results revealed a major break in the networks of the DR such that the caudal third of the DR was more similar in afferent innervation to the MR than it was to the rostral two-thirds of the DR. The rostral part of the DR is associated with networks controlling motor and motivated behavior, while the caudal DR is more closely aligned with regions that regulate rhythmic hippocampal activity. Thus, a major source of heterogeneity within the DR is inclusion of the caudal component, which may be more accurately viewed as a dorsal extension of the MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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26
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Bucharles C, Bizet P, Arthaud S, Arabo A, Leprince J, Lefranc B, Cartier D, Anouar Y, Lihrmann I. Concordant localization of functional urotensin II and urotensin II-related peptide binding sites in the rat brain: Atypical occurrence close to the fourth ventricle. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2634-49. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bucharles
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Patrice Bizet
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Faculty of Sciences; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Dorthe Cartier
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Isabelle Lihrmann
- Inserm, U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
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27
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Ikeda Y, Kumagai H, Skach A, Sato M, Yanagisawa M. Modulation of circadian glucocorticoid oscillation via adrenal opioid-CXCR7 signaling alters emotional behavior. Cell 2014; 155:1323-36. [PMID: 24315101 PMCID: PMC3934808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating glucocorticoid levels oscillate with a robust circadian rhythm, yet the physiological relevance of this rhythmicity remains unclear. Here, we show that modulation of circadian glucocorticoid oscillation by enhancing its amplitude leads to anxiolytic-like behavior. We observed that mice with adrenal subcapsular cell hyperplasia (SCH), a common histological change in the adrenals, are less anxious than mice without SCH. This behavioral change was found to be dependent on the higher amplitude of glucocorticoid oscillation, although the total glucocorticoid secretion is not increased in these mice. Genetic and pharmacologic experiments demonstrated that intermediate opioid peptides secreted from SCH activate CXCR7, a β-arrestin-biased G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), to augment circadian oscillation of glucocorticoid levels in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, recapitulating this paracrine axis by subcutaneous administration of a synthetic CXCR7 ligand is sufficient to induce anxiolytic-like behavior. Adrenocortical β-arrestin-biased GPCR signaling is a potential target for modulating circadian glucocorticoid oscillation and emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8584, USA
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