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Lokhande L, Nilsson D, de Matos Rodrigues J, Hassan M, Olsson LM, Pyl PT, Vasquez L, Porwit A, Gerdtsson AS, Jerkeman M, Ek S. Quantification and Profiling of Early and Late Differentiation Stage T Cells in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Reveals Immunotherapeutic Targets in Subsets of Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2289. [PMID: 39001353 PMCID: PMC11240320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the aim to advance the understanding of immune regulation in MCL and to identify targetable T-cell subsets, we set out to combine image analysis and spatial omic technology focused on both early and late differentiation stages of T cells. MCL patient tissue (n = 102) was explored using image analysis and GeoMx spatial omics profiling of 69 proteins and 1812 mRNAs. Tumor cells, T helper (TH) cells and cytotoxic (TC) cells of early (CD57-) and late (CD57+) differentiation stage were analyzed. An image analysis workflow was developed based on fine-tuned Cellpose models for cell segmentation and classification. TC and CD57+ subsets of T cells were enriched in tumor-rich compared to tumor-sparse regions. Tumor-sparse regions had a higher expression of several key immune suppressive proteins, tentatively controlling T-cell expansion in regions close to the tumor. We revealed that T cells in late differentiation stages (CD57+) are enriched among MCL infiltrating T cells and are predictive of an increased expression of immune suppressive markers. CD47, IDO1 and CTLA-4 were identified as potential targets for patients with T-cell-rich MCL TIME, while GITR might be a feasible target for MCL patients with sparse T-cell infiltration. In subgroups of patients with a high degree of CD57+ TC-cell infiltration, several immune checkpoint inhibitors, including TIGIT, PD-L1 and LAG3 were increased, emphasizing the immune-suppressive features of this highly differentiated T-cell subset not previously described in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Lokhande
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - May Hassan
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lina M. Olsson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul-Theodor Pyl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Louella Vasquez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Porwit
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Jerkeman
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Chen Z, Li B, Niu Y, Li X. Lymph Node-on-Chip Technology: Cutting-Edge Advances in Immune Microenvironment Simulation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38794327 PMCID: PMC11124897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology is attracting growing interest across various domains as a crucial platform for drug screening and testing and is set to play a significant role in precision medicine research. Lymph nodes, being intricately structured organs essential for the body's adaptive immune responses to antigens and foreign particles, are pivotal in assessing the immunotoxicity of novel pharmaceuticals. Significant progress has been made in research on the structure and function of the lymphatic system. However, there is still an urgent need to develop prospective tools and techniques to delve deeper into its role in various diseases' pathological and physiological processes and to develop corresponding immunotherapeutic therapies. Organ chips can accurately reproduce the specific functional areas in lymph nodes to better simulate the complex microstructure of lymph nodes and the interactions between different immune cells, which is convenient for studying specific biological processes. This paper reviews existing lymph node chips and their design approaches. It discusses the applications of the above systems in modeling immune cell motility, cell-cell interactions, vaccine responses, drug testing, and cancer research. Finally, we summarize the challenges that current research faces in terms of structure, cell source, and extracellular matrix simulation of lymph nodes, and we provide an outlook on the future direction of integrated immune system chips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (B.L.); (Y.N.)
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3
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Du J, Lin Z, Fu XH, Gu XR, Lu G, Hou J. Research progress of the chemokine/chemokine receptor axes in the oncobiology of multiple myeloma (MM). Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:177. [PMID: 38475811 PMCID: PMC10935833 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM), a type of blood cancer affecting monoclonal plasma cells, is rising. Although new drugs and therapies have improved patient outcomes, MM remains incurable. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the chemokine network in MM's pathological mechanism. Gaining a better understanding of this network and creating an overview of chemokines in MM could aid in identifying potential biomarkers and developing new therapeutic strategies and targets. PURPOSE To summarize the complicated role of chemokines in MM, discuss their potential as biomarkers, and introduce several treatments based on chemokines. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, ICTRP, and Clinical Trials were searched for articles and research related to chemokines. Publications published within the last 5 years are selected. RESULTS Malignant cells can utilize chemokines, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL12, and CXCL13 to evade apoptosis triggered by immune cells or medication, escape from bone marrow and escalate bone lesions. Other chemokines, including CXCL4, CCL19, and CXCL10, may aid in recruiting immune cells, increasing their cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. CONCLUSION Utilizing anti-tumor chemokines or blocking pro-tumor chemokines may provide new therapeutic strategies for managing MM. Inspired by developed CXCR4 antagonists, including plerixafor, ulocuplumab, and motixafortide, more small molecular antagonists or antibodies for pro-tumor chemokine ligands and their receptors can be developed and used in clinical practice. Along with inhibiting pro-tumor chemokines, studies suggest combining chemokines with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy is promising and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Hang Fu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257099, China.
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Kwee BJ, Li X, Nguyen XX, Campagna C, Lam J, Sung KE. Modeling immunity in microphysiological systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2001-2019. [PMID: 38166397 PMCID: PMC10800123 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231215897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better predictive models of the human immune system to evaluate safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs and biologics for successful product development and regulatory approvals. Current in vitro models, which are often tested in two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture polystyrene, and preclinical animal models fail to fully recapitulate the function and physiology of the human immune system. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) that can model key microenvironment cues of the human immune system, as well as of specific organs and tissues, may be able to recapitulate specific features of the in vivo inflammatory response. This minireview provides an overview of MPS for modeling lymphatic tissues, immunity at tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo. Broadly, these systems have utility in modeling how certain immunotherapies function in vivo, how dysfunctional immune responses can propagate diseases, and how our immune system can combat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Courtney Campagna
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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5
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Van Os L, Engelhardt B, Guenat OT. Integration of immune cells in organs-on-chips: a tutorial. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191104. [PMID: 37324438 PMCID: PMC10267470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections continue to pose significant challenges for numerous individuals globally. To develop novel therapies to combat infections, more insight into the actions of the human innate and adaptive immune system during infection is necessary. Human in vitro models, such as organs-on-chip (OOC) models, have proven to be a valuable addition to the tissue modeling toolbox. The incorporation of an immune component is needed to bring OOC models to the next level and enable them to mimic complex biological responses. The immune system affects many (patho)physiological processes in the human body, such as those taking place during an infection. This tutorial review introduces the reader to the building blocks of an OOC model of acute infection to investigate recruitment of circulating immune cells into the infected tissue. The multi-step extravasation cascade in vivo is described, followed by an in-depth guide on how to model this process on a chip. Next to chip design, creation of a chemotactic gradient and incorporation of endothelial, epithelial, and immune cells, the review focuses on the hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) to accurately model the interstitial space through which extravasated immune cells migrate towards the site of infection. Overall, this tutorial review is a practical guide for developing an OOC model of immune cell migration from the blood into the interstitial space during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Dey S, Ghosh A, Banerjee M. A mathematical modeling technique to understand the role of decoy receptors in ligand-receptor interaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6523. [PMID: 37085701 PMCID: PMC10121693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ligand-receptor interaction is fundamental to many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, signaling and so on. Cell migration is a central process in the development of organisms. Receptor induced chemo-tactic sensitivity plays an important role in cell migration. However, recently some receptors identified as decoy receptors, obstruct some mechanisms of certain regular receptors. DcR3 is one such important decoy receptor, generally found in glioma cell, RCC cell and many various malignant cells which obstruct some mechanism including apoptosis cell-signaling, cell inflammation, cell migration. The goal of our work is to mathematically formulate ligand-receptor interaction induced cell migration in the presence of decoy receptors. We develop here a novel mathematical model, consisting of four coupled partial differential equations which predict the movement of glioma cells due to the reaction-kinetic mechanism between regular receptors CD95, its ligand CD95L and decoy receptors DcR3 as obtained in experimental results. The aim is to measure the number of cells in the chamber's filter for different concentrations of ligand in presence of decoy receptors and compute the distance travelled by the cells inside filter due to cell migration. Using experimental results, we validate our model which suggests that the concentration of ligands plays an important role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- Department of Mathematics, Texas A &M Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA.
| | - Malay Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Wu J, Fang H, Zhang J, Yan S. Modular microfluidics for life sciences. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 36906553 PMCID: PMC10008080 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of microfluidics has enabled numerous discoveries and technologies in life sciences. However, due to the lack of industry standards and configurability, the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices require highly skilled technicians. The diversity of microfluidic devices discourages biologists and chemists from applying this technique in their laboratories. Modular microfluidics, which integrates the standardized microfluidic modules into a whole, complex platform, brings the capability of configurability to conventional microfluidics. The exciting features, including portability, on-site deployability, and high customization motivate us to review the state-of-the-art modular microfluidics and discuss future perspectives. In this review, we first introduce the working mechanisms of the basic microfluidic modules and evaluate their feasibility as modular microfluidic components. Next, we explain the connection approaches among these microfluidic modules, and summarize the advantages of modular microfluidics over integrated microfluidics in biological applications. Finally, we discuss the challenge and future perspectives of modular microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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8
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Shao N, Zhou Y, Yao J, Zhang P, Song Y, Zhang K, Han X, Wang B, Liu X. A Bidirectional Single-Cell Migration and Retrieval Chip for Quantitative Study of Dendritic Cell Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204544. [PMID: 36658690 PMCID: PMC10015900 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) migration is a fundamental step during execution of its adaptive immunity functions. Studying DC migration characteristics is critical for development of DC-dependent allergy treatments, vaccines, and cancer immunotherapies. Here, a microfluidics-based single-cell migration platform is described that enables high-throughput and precise bidirectional cell migration assays. It also allows selective retrieval of cell subpopulations that have different migratory potentials. Using this microfluidic platform, DC migration is investigated in response to different chemoattractants and inhibitors, quantitatively describe DC migration patterns and retrieve DC subpopulations of different migratory potentials for differential gene expression analysis. This platform opens an avenue for precise characterization of cell migration and potential discovery of therapeutic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Yanni Song
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Breast SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin150081P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xin Han
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Present address:
School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
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9
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Niu L, Zou R, Zhang M, Liu H, Genin GM, Li A, Xu F. Rational Design of Soft-Hard Interfaces through Bioinspired Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204498. [PMID: 36228093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soft-hard tissue interfaces in nature present a diversity of hierarchical transitions in composition and structure to address the challenge of stress concentrations that would otherwise arise at their interface. The translation of these into engineered materials holds promise for improved function of biomedical interfaces. Here, soft-hard tissue interfaces found in the body in health and disease, and the application of the diverse, functionally graded, and hierarchical structures that they present to bioinspired engineering materials are reviewed. A range of such bioinspired engineering materials and associated manufacturing technologies that are on the horizon in interfacial tissue engineering, hydrogel bioadhesion at the interfaces, and healthcare and medical devices are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guy M Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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10
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Deak P, Studnitzer B, Ung T, Steinhardt R, Swartz M, Esser-Kahn A. Isolating and targeting a highly active, stochastic dendritic cell subpopulation for improved immune responses. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111563. [PMID: 36323246 PMCID: PMC10099975 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) activation via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is critical for antigen presentation and development of adaptive immune responses, but the stochastic distribution of DC responses to PAMP signaling, especially during the initial stages of immune activation, is poorly understood. In this study, we isolate a unique DC subpopulation via preferential phagocytosis of microparticles (MPs) and characterize this subpopulation of "first responders" (FRs). We present results that show these cells (1) can be isolated and studied via both increased accumulation of the micron-sized particles and combinations of cell surface markers, (2) show increased responses to PAMPs, (3) facilitate adaptive immune responses by providing the initial paracrine signaling, and (4) can be selectively targeted by vaccines to modulate both antibody and T cell responses in vivo. This study presents insights into a temporally controlled, distinctive cell population that influences downstream immune responses. Furthermore, it demonstrates potential for improving vaccine designs via FR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deak
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bradley Studnitzer
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Trevor Ung
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rachel Steinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Melody Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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11
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Quast T, Zölzer K, Guu D, Alvarez L, Küsters C, Kiermaier E, Kaupp UB, Kolanus W. A Stable Chemokine Gradient Controls Directional Persistence of Migrating Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943041. [PMID: 36016652 PMCID: PMC9395945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to lymphoid organs is guided by concentration gradients of CCR7 ligands. How cells interpret chemokine gradients and how they couple directional sensing to polarization and persistent chemotaxis has remained largely elusive. Previous experimental systems were limited in the ability to control fast de novo formation of the final gradient slope, long-lasting stability of the gradient and to expose cells to dynamic stimulation. Here, we used a combination of microfluidics and quantitative in vitro live cell imaging to elucidate the chemotactic sensing strategy of DCs. The microfluidic approach allows us to generate soluble gradients with high spatio-temporal precision and to analyze actin dynamics, cell polarization, and persistent directional migration in both static and dynamic environments. We demonstrate that directional persistence of DC migration requires steady-state characteristics of the soluble gradient instead of temporally rising CCL19 concentration, implying that spatial sensing mechanisms control chemotaxis of DCs. Kymograph analysis of actin dynamics revealed that the presence of the CCL19 gradient is essential to stabilize leading edge protrusions in DCs and to determine directionality, since both cytoskeletal polarization and persistent chemotaxis are abrogated in the range of seconds when steady-state gradients are perturbed. In contrast to Dictyostelium amoeba, DCs are unable to decode oscillatory stimulation of soluble chemokine traveling waves into a directional response toward the wave source. These findings are consistent with the notion that DCs do not employ adaptive temporal sensing strategies that discriminate temporally increasing and decreasing chemoattractant concentrations in our setting. Taken together, in our experimental system DCs do not depend on increasing absolute chemokine concentration over time to induce persistent migration and do not integrate oscillatory stimulation. The observed capability of DCs to migrate with high directional persistence in stable gradients but not when subjected to periodic temporal cues, identifies spatial sensing as a key requirement for persistent chemotaxis of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karolin Zölzer
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Donald Guu
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Küsters
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U. Benjamin Kaupp
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Waldemar Kolanus,
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12
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Alrumaihi F. The Multi-Functional Roles of CCR7 in Human Immunology and as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834149. [PMID: 35874608 PMCID: PMC9298655 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hallmark of the human immune system is to provide adaptive immunity against pathogens but tolerance toward self-antigens. The CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) provides a significant contribution in guiding cells to and within lymphoid organs and is important for acquiring immunity and tolerance. The CCR7 holds great importance in establishing thymic architecture and function and naïve and regulatory T-cell homing in the lymph nodes. Similarly, the receptor is a key regulator in cancer cell migration and the movement of dendritic cells. This makes the CCR7 an important receptor as a drug and prognostic marker. In this review, we discussed several biological roles of the CCR7 and its importance as a drug and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Artinger M, Gerken OJ, Purvanov V, Legler DF. Distinct Fates of Chemokine and Surrogate Molecule Gradients: Consequences for CCR7-Guided Dendritic Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913366. [PMID: 35769489 PMCID: PMC9234131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-guided leukocyte migration is a hallmark of the immune system to cope with invading pathogens. Intruder confronted dendritic cells (DCs) induce the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7, which enables them to sense and migrate along chemokine gradients to home to draining lymph nodes, where they launch an adaptive immune response. Chemokine-mediated DC migration is recapitulated and intensively studied in 3D matrix migration chambers. A major caveat in the field is that chemokine gradient formation and maintenance in such 3D environments is generally not assessed. Instead, fluorescent probes, mostly labelled dextran, are used as surrogate molecules, thereby neglecting important electrochemical properties of the chemokines. Here, we used site-specifically, fluorescently labelled CCL19 and CCL21 to study the establishment and shape of the chemokine gradients over time in the 3D collagen matrix. We demonstrate that CCL19 and particularly CCL21 establish stable, but short-distance spanning gradients with an exponential decay-like shape. By contrast, dextran with its neutral surface charge forms a nearly linear gradient across the entire matrix. We show that the charged C-terminal tail of CCL21, known to interact with extracellular matrix proteins, is determinant for shaping the chemokine gradient. Importantly, DCs sense differences in the shape of CCL19 and CCL21 gradients, resulting in distinct spatial migratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver J. Gerken
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Daniel F. Legler,
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14
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Li H, Wu M, Zhao X. Role of chemokine systems in cancer and inflammatory diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e147. [PMID: 35702353 PMCID: PMC9175564 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have fundamental roles in organ development, normal physiology, and immune responses upon binding to their corresponding receptors. The primary functions of chemokines are to coordinate and recruit immune cells to and from tissues and to participate in regulating interactions between immune cells. In addition to the generally recognized antimicrobial immunity, the chemokine/chemokine receptor axis also exerts a tumorigenic function in many different cancer models and is involved in the formation of immunosuppressive and protective tumor microenvironment (TME), making them potential prognostic markers for various hematologic and solid tumors. In fact, apart from its vital role in tumors, almost all inflammatory diseases involve chemokines and their receptors in one way or another. Modulating the expression of chemokines and/or their corresponding receptors on tumor cells or immune cells provides the basis for the exploitation of new drugs for clinical evaluation in the treatment of related diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances of chemokine systems in protumor and antitumor immune responses and discuss the prevailing understanding of how the chemokine system operates in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we also emphatically highlight the complexity of the chemokine system and explore its potential to guide the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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15
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Banham GD, Lee CYC, Ferdinand JR, Matthews RJ, Jing C, Smithers N, Prinjha RK, Clatworthy MR. Bromodomain Inhibitors Modulate FcγR-Mediated Mononuclear Phagocyte Activation and Chemotaxis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885101. [PMID: 35619690 PMCID: PMC9127238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies form immune complexes (IC) that propagate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. IgG IC engage Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), leading to widespread changes in gene expression that mediate antibody effector function. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are involved in governing gene transcription. We investigated the capacity of BET protein inhibitors (iBET) to alter IgG FcγR-mediated MNP activation. We found that iBET dampened IgG IC-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and decreased activating FcγR expression on MNPs, reducing their ability to respond to IgG IC. Despite FcγR downregulation, iBET-treated macrophages demonstrated increased phagocytosis of protein antigen, IgG IC, and apoptotic cells. iBET also altered cell morphology, generating more amoeboid MNPs with reduced adhesion. iBET treatment impaired chemotaxis towards a CCL19 gradient in IC-stimulated dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, and inhibited IC-induced DC migration to draining lymph nodes in vivo, in a DC-intrinsic manner. Altogether, our data show that iBET modulates FcγR-mediated MNP activation and migration, revealing the therapeutic potential of BET protein inhibition in antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma D. Banham
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Y. C. Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah J. Matthews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Suh YJ, Pandey M, Segall JE, Wu M. Tumor spheroid invasion in epidermal growth factor gradients revealed by a 3D microfluidic device. Phys Biol 2022; 19:10.1088/1478-3975/ac54c7. [PMID: 35158347 PMCID: PMC8957059 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac54c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent cytokine, is known to promote tumor invasion bothin vivoandin vitro. Previously, we observed that single breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 cell line) embedded within a 3D collagen matrix displayed enhanced motility but no discernible chemotaxis in the presence of linear EGF gradients using a microfluidic platform. Inspired by a recent theoretical development that clustered mammalian cells respond differently to chemical gradients than single cells, we studied tumor spheroid invasion within a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) in the presence of EGF gradients. We found that EGF gradients promoted tumor cell detachment from the spheroid core, and the position of the tumor spheroid core showed a mild chemotactic response towards the EGF gradients. For those tumor cells detached from the spheroids, they showed an enhanced motility response in contrast to previous experimental results using single cells embedded within an ECM. No discernible chemotactic response towards the EGF gradients was found for the cells outside the spheroid core. This work demonstrates that a cluster of tumor cells responds differently than single tumor cells towards EGF gradients and highlights the importance of a tumor spheroid platform for tumor invasion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Suh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, 306 Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Mrinal Pandey
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, 306 Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E Segall
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, 306 Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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17
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Hu W, Wang Y, Chen J, Yu P, Tang F, Hu Z, Zhou J, Liu L, Qiu W, Ye Y, Jia Y, Zhou S, Long J, Zeng Z. Regulation of biomaterial implantation-induced fibrin deposition to immunological functions of dendritic cells. Mater Today Bio 2022. [PMID: 35252832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of implanted biomaterials is largely determined by their interaction with the host immune system. As a fibrous-like 3D network, fibrin matrix formed at the interfaces of tissue and material, whose effects on dendritic cells (DCs) remain unknown. Here, a bone plates implantation model was developed to evaluate the fibrin matrix deposition and DCs recruitment in vivo. The DCs responses to fibrin matrix were further analyzed by a 2D and 3D fibrin matrix model in vitro. In vivo results indicated that large amount of fibrin matrix deposited on the interface between the tissue and bone plates, where DCs were recruited. Subsequent in vitro testing denoted that DCs underwent significant shape deformation and cytoskeleton reorganization, as well as mechanical property alteration. Furthermore, the immune function of imDCs and mDCs were negatively and positively regulated, respectively. The underlying mechano-immunology coupling mechanisms involved RhoA and CDC42 signaling pathways. These results suggested that fibrin plays a key role in regulating DCs immunological behaviors, providing a valuable immunomodulatory strategy for tissue healing, regeneration and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Yuannong Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Jinhua Long
- Department of Head & Neck, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences / School of Biology & Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
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19
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Hu W, Wang Y, Chen J, Yu P, Tang F, Hu Z, Zhou J, Liu L, Qiu W, Ye Y, Jia Y, Zhou S, Long J, Zeng Z. Regulation of biomaterial implantation-induced fibrin deposition to immunological functions of dendritic cells. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100224. [PMID: 35252832 PMCID: PMC8894278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of implanted biomaterials is largely determined by their interaction with the host immune system. As a fibrous-like 3D network, fibrin matrix formed at the interfaces of tissue and material, whose effects on dendritic cells (DCs) remain unknown. Here, a bone plates implantation model was developed to evaluate the fibrin matrix deposition and DCs recruitment in vivo. The DCs responses to fibrin matrix were further analyzed by a 2D and 3D fibrin matrix model in vitro. In vivo results indicated that large amount of fibrin matrix deposited on the interface between the tissue and bone plates, where DCs were recruited. Subsequent in vitro testing denoted that DCs underwent significant shape deformation and cytoskeleton reorganization, as well as mechanical property alteration. Furthermore, the immune function of imDCs and mDCs were negatively and positively regulated, respectively. The underlying mechano-immunology coupling mechanisms involved RhoA and CDC42 signaling pathways. These results suggested that fibrin plays a key role in regulating DCs immunological behaviors, providing a valuable immunomodulatory strategy for tissue healing, regeneration and implantation.
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20
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Choi Y, Sunkara V, Lee Y, Cho YK. Exhausted mature dendritic cells exhibit a slower and less persistent random motility but retain chemotaxis against CCL19. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:377-386. [PMID: 34927189 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), which are immune sentinels in the peripheral tissues, play a number of roles, including patrolling for pathogens, internalising antigens, transporting antigens to the lymph nodes (LNs), interacting with T cells, and secreting cytokines. The well-coordinated migration of DCs under various immunological or inflammatory conditions is therefore essential to ensure an effective immune response. Upon maturation, DCs migrate faster and more persistently than immature DCs (iDCs), which is believed to facilitate CCR7-dependent chemotaxis. It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide-activated DCs produce IL-12 only transiently, and become resistant to further stimulation through exhaustion. However, little is known about the influence of DC exhaustion on cellular motility. Here, we studied the cellular migration of exhausted DCs in tissue-mimicked confined environments. We found that the speed of exhausted matured DCs (xmDCs) decreased significantly compared to active matured DCs (amDCs) and iDCs. In contrast, the speed fluctuation increased compared to that of amDCs and was similar to that of iDCs. In addition, the diffusivity of the xmDCs was significantly lower than that of the amDCs, which implies that DC exhaustion reduces the space exploration ability. Interestingly, CCR7-dependent chemotaxis against CCL19 in xmDCs was not considerably different from that observed in amDCs. Taken together, we report a unique intrinsic cell migration behaviour of xmDCs, which exhibit a slower, less persistent, and less diffusive random motility, which results in the DCs remaining at the site of infection, although a well-preserved CCR7-dependent chemotactic motility is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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21
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Trapecar M. Multiorgan microphysiological systems as tools to interrogate interorgan crosstalk and complex diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:681-695. [PMID: 34923635 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and inflammatory disorders such as autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases are increasing at alarming rates. Many of these are not tissue-specific occurrences but complex, systemic pathologies of unknown origin for which no cure exists. Such complexity obscures causal relationships among factors regulating disease progression. Emerging technologies mimicking human physiology, such as microphysiological systems (MPSs), offer new possibilities to provide clarity in systemic metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Controlled interaction of multiple MPSs and the scalability of biological complexity in MPSs, supported by continuous multiomic monitoring, might hold the key to identifying novel relationships between interorgan crosstalk, metabolism, and immunity. In this perspective, I aim to discuss the current state of modeling multiorgan physiology and evaluate current opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Duckworth BC, Qin RZ, Groom JR. Spatial determinates of effector and memory CD8 + T cell fates. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:76-92. [PMID: 34882817 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lymph node plays a critical role in mounting an adaptive immune response to infection, clearance of foreign pathogens, and cancer immunosurveillance. Within this complex structure, intranodal migration is vital for CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation. Combining tissue clearing and volumetric light sheet fluorescent microscopy of intact lymph nodes has allowed us to explore the spatial regulation of T cell fates. This has determined that short-lived effector (TSLEC ) are imprinted in peripheral lymph node interfollicular regions, due to CXCR3 migration. In contrast, stem-like memory cell (TSCM ) differentiation is determined in the T cell paracortex. Here, we detail the inflammatory and chemokine regulators of spatially restricted T cell differentiation, with a focus on how to promote TSCM . We propose a default pathway for TSCM differentiation due to CCR7-directed segregation of precursors away from the inflammatory effector niche. Although volumetric imaging has revealed the consequences of intranodal migration, we still lack knowledge of how this is orchestrated within a complex chemokine environment. Toward this goal, we highlight the potential of combining microfluidic chambers with pre-determined complexity and subcellular resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Raymond Z Qin
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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23
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Frattolin J, Watson DJ, Bonneuil WV, Russell MJ, Fasanella Masci F, Bandara M, Brook BS, Nibbs RJB, Moore JE. The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays. Cells 2021; 10:3439. [PMID: 34943947 PMCID: PMC8700135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy and other direct-imaging techniques have allowed for a characterisation of leukocyte migration that has revolutionised the field of immunology, resulting in an unprecedented understanding of the mechanisms of immune response and adaptive immunity. However, there is an assumption within the field that modern imaging techniques permit imaging parameters where the resulting cell track accurately captures a cell's motion. This notion is almost entirely untested, and the relationship between what could be observed at a given scale and the underlying cell behaviour is undefined. Insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions within migration assays can result in misrepresentation of important physiologic processes or cause subtle changes in critical cell behaviour to be missed. In this review, we contextualise how scale can affect the perceived migratory behaviour of cells, summarise the limited approaches to mitigate this effect, and establish the need for a widely implemented framework to account for scale and correct observations of cell motion. We then extend the concept of scale to new approaches that seek to bridge the current "black box" between single-cell behaviour and systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Frattolin
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Daniel J. Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Willy V. Bonneuil
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Matthew J. Russell
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.J.R.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Francesca Fasanella Masci
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - Mikaila Bandara
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - Bindi S. Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.J.R.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Robert J. B. Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - James E. Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
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24
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Ramirez A, Amosu M, Lee P, Maisel K. Microfluidic systems to study tissue barriers to immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2414-2429. [PMID: 34215998 PMCID: PMC9059778 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been heavily explored in the last decade, ranging from new treatments for cancer to allergic diseases. These therapies target the immune system, a complex organ system consisting of tissues with intricate structures and cells with a multitude of functions. To better understand immune functions and develop better therapeutics, many cellular and 2-dimensional (2D) tissue models have been developed. However, research has demonstrated that the 3-dimensional (3D) tissue structure can significantly affect cellular functions, and this is not recapitulated by more traditional 2D models. Microfluidics has been used to design 3D tissue models that allow for intricate arrangements of cells and extracellular spaces, thus allowing for more physiologically relevant in vitro model systems. Here, we summarize the multitude of microfluidic devices designed to study the immune system with the ultimate goal to improve existing and design new immunotherapies. We have included models of the different immune organs, including bone marrow and lymph node (LN), models of immunity in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, and therapeutic models to test or engineer new immune-modulatory treatments. We particularly emphasize research on how microfluidic devices are used to better understand different physiological states and how interactions within the immune microenvironment can influence the efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ramirez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mayowa Amosu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Priscilla Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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25
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Dendritic cell migration in inflammation and immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2461-2471. [PMID: 34302064 PMCID: PMC8298985 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity and play crucial roles in both the promotion of immune defense and the maintenance of immune tolerance. The trafficking of distinct DC subsets across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues is essential for DC-dependent activation and regulation of inflammation and immunity. DC chemotaxis and migration are triggered by interactions between chemokines and their receptors and regulated by multiple intracellular mechanisms, such as protein modification, epigenetic reprogramming, metabolic remodeling, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, in a tissue-specific manner. Dysregulation of DC migration may lead to abnormal positioning or activation of DCs, resulting in an imbalance of immune responses and even immune pathologies, including autoimmune responses, infectious diseases, allergic diseases and tumors. New strategies targeting the migration of distinct DC subsets are being explored for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases and the development of novel DC-based vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the migratory routes and immunological consequences of distinct DC subsets, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of migratory signaling in DCs, and the association of DC migration with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Alderfer L, Hall E, Hanjaya-Putra D. Harnessing biomaterials for lymphatic system modulation. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:34-45. [PMID: 34118451 PMCID: PMC9113193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an integral part in regulating immune cell trafficking and the transport of macromolecules. However, its influence on disease progression and drug uptake is understood less than that of the vascular system. To bridge this knowledge gap, biomaterials can be used to investigate the lymphatic system and to provide novel understanding into complex disease processes, including cancer metastasis and inflammation. Insight gained from these mechanistic studies can be further used to design innovative biomaterials to modulate the immune system, improve drug delivery, and promote tissue regeneration. This review article focuses on recent advances in (i) biomaterials used for lymphatic vessel formation, (ii) models for studying lymphatic-immune cells interactions, (iii) pharmaceuticals and their interactions with the lymphatic system, (iv) and strategies for drug delivery via the lymphatic system. Finally, several challenges regarding adopting biomaterials for immunomodulation and future perspectives are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lymphatic system plays an integral part in regulating immune cell trafficking and the transport of macromolecules. However, its influence on disease progression and drug uptake is understood less than that of the vascular system. This review article focuses on recent progresses in biomaterials to investigate the lymphatic system and to provide novel understanding into complex disease states. Insight gained from these mechanistic studies can be further used to design innovative biomaterials to modulate the immune system, improve drug delivery, and promote tissue regeneration. Finally, a number of challenges in adopting biomaterials for immunomodulation and future perspectives are discussed.
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Jørgensen AS, Brandum EP, Mikkelsen JM, Orfin KA, Boilesen DR, Egerod KL, Moussouras NA, Vilhardt F, Kalinski P, Basse P, Chen YH, Yang Z, Dwinell MB, Volkman BF, Veldkamp CT, Holst PJ, Lahl K, Goth CK, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. The C-terminal peptide of CCL21 drastically augments CCL21 activity through the dendritic cell lymph node homing receptor CCR7 by interaction with the receptor N-terminus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6963-6978. [PMID: 34586443 PMCID: PMC8558179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 signal via their common receptor CCR7. CCL21 is the main lymph node homing chemokine, but a weak chemo-attractant compared to CCL19. Here we show that the 41-amino acid positively charged peptide, released through C-terminal cleavage of CCL21, C21TP, boosts the immune cell recruiting activity of CCL21 by up to 25-fold and the signaling activity via CCR7 by ~ 100-fold. Such boosting is unprecedented. Despite the presence of multiple basic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding motifs, C21TP boosting of CCL21 signaling does not involve interference with GAG mediated cell-surface retention. Instead, boosting is directly dependent on O-glycosylations in the CCR7 N-terminus. As dictated by the two-step binding model, the initial chemokine binding involves interaction of the chemokine fold with the receptor N-terminus, followed by insertion of the chemokine N-terminus deep into the receptor binding pocket. Our data suggest that apart from a role in initial chemokine binding, the receptor N-terminus also partakes in a gating mechanism, which could give rise to a reduced ligand activity, presumably through affecting the ligand positioning. Based on experiments that support a direct interaction of C21TP with the glycosylated CCR7 N-terminus, we propose that electrostatic interactions between the positively charged peptide and sialylated O-glycans in CCR7 N-terminus may create a more accessible version of the receptor and thus guide chemokine docking to generate a more favorable chemokine-receptor interaction, giving rise to the peptide boosting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Sissel Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Probst Brandum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Malthe Mikkelsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaudia A Orfin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Rahbæk Boilesen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Lihme Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasha A Moussouras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Per Basse
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Knak Goth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Shanti A, Hallfors N, Petroianu GA, Planelles L, Stefanini C. Lymph Nodes-On-Chip: Promising Immune Platforms for Pharmacological and Toxicological Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711307. [PMID: 34483920 PMCID: PMC8415712 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chip are gaining increasing attention as promising platforms for drug screening and testing applications. However, lymph nodes-on-chip options remain limited although the lymph node is one of the main determinants of the immunotoxicity of newly developed pharmacological drugs. In this review, we describe existing biomimetic lymph nodes-on-chip, their design, and their physiological relevance to pharmacology and shed the light on future directions associated with lymph node-on-chip design and implementation in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shanti
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas Hallfors
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Georg A Petroianu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lourdes Planelles
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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29
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Matsumura F, Polz R, Singh S, Matsumura A, Scheller J, Yamashiro S. Investigation of Fascin1, a Marker of Mature Dendritic Cells, Reveals a New Role for IL-6 Signaling in CCR7-Mediated Chemotaxis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:938-949. [PMID: 34301846 PMCID: PMC8360331 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Migration of mature dendritic cells (DCs) to lymph nodes is critical for the initiation of adaptive immunity. CCR7, a G-protein-coupled receptor for CCL19/21 chemokines, is known to be essential for chemotaxis of mature DCs, but the molecular mechanism linking inflammation to chemotaxis remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that fascin1, an actin-bundling protein, increases chemotaxis of mature mouse DCs. In this article, we demonstrated that fascin1 enhanced IL-6 secretion and signaling of mature mouse DCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IL-6 signaling is required for chemotaxis. Blockage of IL-6 signaling in wild-type DCs with an anti-IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα) Ab inhibited chemotaxis toward CCL19. Likewise, knockout of IL-6Rα inhibited chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived DCs. The addition of soluble IL-6Rα and IL-6 rescued chemotaxis of IL-6Rα knockout bone marrow-derived DCs, underscoring the role of IL-6 signaling in chemotaxis. We found that IL-6 signaling is required for internalization of CCR7, the initial step of CCR7 recycling. CCR7 recycling is essential for CCR7-mediated chemotaxis, explaining why IL-6 signaling is required for chemotaxis of mature DCs. Our results have identified IL-6 signaling as a new regulatory pathway for CCR7/CCL19-mediated chemotaxis and suggest that rapid migration of mature DCs to lymph nodes depends on inflammation-associated IL-6 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Receptors, Odorant/genetics
- Receptors, Odorant/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ;
| | - Robin Polz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; and
| | - Aya Matsumura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ;
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30
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Atalis A, Dixon JB, Roy K. Soluble and Microparticle-Based Delivery of TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists Differentially Modulate 3D Chemotaxis of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001899. [PMID: 33928762 PMCID: PMC9211062 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are commonly administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and local immune cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs), play a significant role in transporting vaccine antigens and adjuvants to draining lymph nodes. Here, it is compared how soluble and biomaterial-mediated delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeted adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, TLR4 ligand) and 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' DNA (CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand), modulate 3D chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) toward lymphatic chemokine gradients. Within microfluidic devices containing 3D collagen-based matrices to mimic tissue conditions, soluble MPLA increases BMDC chemotaxis toward gradients of CCL19 and CCL21, while soluble CpG has no effect. Delivering CpG on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles (MPs) enhances BMDC chemotaxis compared to MPLA-encapsulated MPs, and when co-delivered, MPLA and CpG do not synergistically enhance BMDC migration. It is concluded that supplementing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-derived BMDC culture with interleukin-4 is necessary to induce CCR7 expression and chemotaxis of BMDCs. Different cell subsets in BMDC culture upregulate CCR7 in response to soluble versus biomaterial-loaded MPLA and CpG, and CCR7 expression does not consistently correlate with functional migration. The results show both adjuvant type and delivery method influence chemotaxis of DCs, and these findings uncover new directions for the rational design of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Atalis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MC3M), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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31
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Zhu X, Wang Z, Teng F. A review of regulated self-organizing approaches for tissue regeneration. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 167:63-78. [PMID: 34293337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue and organ regeneration is the dynamic process by which a population of cells rearranges into a specific form with specific functions. Traditional tissue regeneration utilizes tissue grafting, cell implantation, and structured scaffolds to achieve clinical efficacy. However, tissue grafting methods face a shortage of donor tissue, while cell implantation may involve leakage of the implanted cells without a supportive 3D matrix. Cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in structured scaffolds may disorganize and frustrate the artificially pre-designed structures, and sometimes involve immunogenic reactions. To overcome this limitation, the self-organizing properties and innate regenerative capability of tissue/organism formation in the absence of guidance by structured scaffolds has been investigated. This review emphasizes the growing subfield of the regulated self-organizing approach for neotissue formation and describes advances in the subfield using diverse, cutting-edge, inter-disciplinarity technologies. We cohesively summarize the directed self-organization of cells in the micro-engineered cell-ECM system and 3D/4D cell printing. Mathematical modeling of cellular self-organization is also discussed for providing rational guidance to intractable problems in tissue regeneration. It is envisioned that future self-organization approaches integrating biomathematics, micro-nano engineering, and gene circuits developed from synthetic biology will continue to work in concert with self-organizing morphogenesis to enhance rational control during self-organizing in tissue and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhu
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, China; Changzhou Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, China
| | - Fang Teng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, China.
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32
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Kwee BJ, Sung KE. Engineering microenvironments for manufacturing therapeutic cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1845-1856. [PMID: 34250847 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211026922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a growing number of globally approved products and clinical trials utilizing autologous and allogeneic therapeutic cells for applications in regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However, there is a need to develop rapid and cost-effective methods for manufacturing therapeutically effective cells. Furthermore, the resulting manufactured cells may exhibit heterogeneities that result in mixed therapeutic outcomes. Engineering approaches that can provide distinct microenvironmental cues to these cells may be able to enhance the growth and characterization of these cell products. This mini-review describes strategies to potentially enhance the expansion of therapeutic cells with biomaterials and bioreactors, as well as to characterize the cell products with microphysiological systems. These systems can provide distinct cues to maintain the quality attributes of the cells and evaluate their function in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
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33
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Samandari M, Rafiee L, Alipanah F, Sanati-Nezhad A, Javanmard SH. A simple, low cost and reusable microfluidic gradient strategy and its application in modeling cancer invasion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10310. [PMID: 33986379 PMCID: PMC8119451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic chemical gradient generators enable precise spatiotemporal control of chemotactic signals to study cellular behavior with high resolution and reliability. However, time and cost consuming preparation steps for cell adhesion in microchannels as well as requirement of pumping facilities usually complicate the application of the microfluidic assays. Here, we introduce a simple strategy for preparation of a reusable and stand-alone microfluidic gradient generator to study cellular behavior. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is directly mounted on the commercial polystyrene-based cell culture surfaces by manipulating the PDMS curing time to optimize bonding strength. The stand-alone strategy not only offers pumpless application of this microfluidic device but also ensures minimal fluidic pressure and consequently a leakage-free system. Elimination of any surface treatment or coating significantly facilitates the preparation of the microfluidic assay and offers a detachable PDMS microchip which can be reused following to a simple cleaning and sterilization step. The chemotactic signal in our microchip is further characterized using numerical and experimental evaluations and it is demonstrated that the device can generate both linear and polynomial signals. Finally, the feasibility of the strategy in deciphering cellular behavior is demonstrated by exploring cancer cell migration and invasion in response to chemical stimuli. The introduced strategy can significantly decrease the complexity of the microfluidic chemotaxis assays and increase their throughput for various cellular and molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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34
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Bödder J, Zahan T, van Slooten R, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM, Flórez-Grau G. Harnessing the cDC1-NK Cross-Talk in the Tumor Microenvironment to Battle Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631713. [PMID: 33679726 PMCID: PMC7933030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches have revolutionized the treatment of several diseases such as cancer. The main goal of immunotherapy for cancer is to modulate the anti-tumor immune responses by favoring the recognition and destruction of tumor cells. Recently, a better understanding of the suppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on immune cells, indicates that restoring the suppressive effect of the TME is crucial for an efficient immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are cell types that are currently administered to cancer patients. NK cells are used because of their ability to kill tumor cells directly via cytotoxic granzymes. DCs are employed to enhance anti-tumor T cell responses based on their ability to present antigens and induce tumor-antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses. In preclinical models, a particular DC subset, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) is shown to be specialized in cross-presenting extracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells. This feature makes them a promising DC subset for cancer treatment. Within the TME, cDC1s show a bidirectional cross-talk with NK cells, resulting in a higher cDC1 recruitment, differentiation, and maturation as well as activation and stimulation of NK cells. Consequently, the presence of cDC1s and NK cells within the TME might be of utmost importance for the success of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the function of cDC1s and NK cells, their bidirectional cross-talk and potential strategies that could improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bödder
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tasmin Zahan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Slooten
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Khunger A, Piazza E, Warren S, Smith TH, Ren X, White A, Elliott N, Cesano A, Beechem JM, Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA. CTLA-4 blockade and interferon-α induce proinflammatory transcriptional changes in the tumor immune landscape that correlate with pathologic response in melanoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245287. [PMID: 33428680 PMCID: PMC7799833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally/regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy with high-dose interferon α-2b (HDI) and ipilimumab in a phase I clinical trial. Tumor specimens were obtained prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy, at the time of surgery and progression if available. In this study, gene expression profiles of tumor specimens (N = 27) were investigated using the NanoString nCounter® platform to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes (pathologic response, radiologic response, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS)) and define biomarkers associated with tumor response. The Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS), an 18-gene signature that enriches for response to Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade, was also evaluated for association with clinical response and survival. It was observed that neoadjuvant ipilimumab-HDI therapy demonstrated an upregulation of immune-related genes, chemokines, and transcription regulator genes involved in immune cell activation, function, or cell proliferation. Importantly, increased expression of baseline pro-inflammatory genes CCL19, CD3D, CD8A, CD22, LY9, IL12RB1, C1S, C7, AMICA1, TIAM1, TIGIT, THY1 was associated with longer OS (p < 0.05). In addition, multiple genes that encode a component or a regulator of the extracellular matrix such as MMP2 and COL1A2 were identified post-treatment as being associated with longer RFS and OS. In all baseline tissues, high TIS scores were associated with longer OS (p = 0.0166). Also, downregulated expression of cell proliferation-related genes such as CUL1, CCND1 and AAMP at baseline was associated with pathological and radiological response (unadjusted p < 0.01). In conclusion, we identified numerous genes that play roles in multiple biological pathways involved in immune activation, immune suppression and cell proliferation correlating with pathological/radiological responses following neoadjuvant immunotherapy highlighting the complexity of immune responses modulated by immunotherapy. Our observations suggest that TIS may be a useful biomarker for predicting survival outcomes with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khunger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memorial Hospital West, Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Piazza
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Smith
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xing Ren
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew White
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan Elliott
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Cesano
- ESSA Pharma, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Beechem
- NanoString® Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Salem A, Alotaibi M, Mroueh R, Basheer HA, Afarinkia K. CCR7 as a therapeutic target in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188499. [PMID: 33385485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CCR7 chemokine axis is comprised of chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) acting on chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). This axis plays two important but apparently opposing roles in cancer. On the one hand, this axis is significantly engaged in the trafficking of a number of effecter cells involved in mounting an immune response to a growing tumour. This suggests therapeutic strategies which involve potentiation of this axis can be used to combat the spread of cancer. On the other hand, the CCR7 axis plays a significant role in controlling the migration of tumour cells towards the lymphatic system and metastasis and can thus contribute to the expansion of cancer. This implies that therapeutic strategies which involve decreasing signaling through the CCR7 axis would have a beneficial effect in preventing dissemination of cancer. This dichotomy has partly been the reason why this axis has not yet been exploited, as other chemokine axes have, as a therapeutic target in cancer. Recent report of a crystal structure for CCR7 provides opportunities to exploit this axis in developing new cancer therapies. However, it remains unclear which of these two strategies, potentiation or antagonism of the CCR7 axis, is more appropriate for cancer therapy. This review brings together the evidence supporting both roles of the CCR7 axis in cancer and examines the future potential of each of the two different therapeutic approaches involving the CCR7 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Salem
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Mashael Alotaibi
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Rima Mroueh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, PO Box 132222, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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What Is on the Horizon for Novel Immunotherapies in Lung Cancer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:555-560. [PMID: 33298728 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death (ligand) 1 checkpoint inhibitors have become standard treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, combinations of nivolumab and ipilimumab have entered the clinic based on regulatory approval. Oftentimes, these checkpoint inhibitors are given in conjunction with chemotherapy. Through increased understanding of checkpoint evasion by cancer cells, many promising studies using combination therapies have continued to develop that aim to attack cancer cells by eliciting immunogenic responses through different modalities. Novel approaches include (1) using vaccines to trigger immune response, (2) combining multiple checkpoint inhibitors, (3) targeting inflammatory responses, (4) utilizing multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, (5) employing agonists of T-cell stimulators, and (6) applying specific biomarker antagonists to treat lung cancer patients. Herein, we discuss several studies that aim to answer what lies ahead in lung cancer treatment.
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Prunet A, Lefort S, Delanoë-Ayari H, Laperrousaz B, Simon G, Barentin C, Saci S, Argoul F, Guyot B, Rieu JP, Gobert S, Maguer-Satta V, Rivière C. A new agarose-based microsystem to investigate cell response to prolonged confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4016-4030. [PMID: 32975276 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the importance of mechanical stimuli in normal and pathological situations for the control of many critical cellular functions. While the effect of matrix stiffness has been and is still extensively studied, few studies have focused on the role of mechanical stresses. The main limitation of such analyses is the lack of standard in vitro assays enabling extended mechanical stimulation compatible with dynamic biological and biophysical cell characterization. We have developed an agarose-based microsystem, the soft cell confiner, which enables the precise control of confinement for single or mixed cell populations. The rigidity of the confiner matches physiological conditions and its porosity enables passive medium renewal. It is compatible with time-lapse microscopy, in situ immunostaining, and standard molecular analyses, and can be used with both adherent and non-adherent cell lines. Cell proliferation of various cell lines (hematopoietic cells, MCF10A epithelial breast cells and HS27A stromal cells) was followed for several days up to confluence using video-microscopy and further documented by Western blot and immunostaining. Interestingly, even though the nuclear projected area was much larger upon confinement, with many highly deformed nuclei (non-circular shape), cell viability, assessed by live and dead cell staining, was unaffected for up to 8 days in the confiner. However, there was a decrease in cell proliferation upon confinement for all cell lines tested. The soft cell confiner is thus a valuable tool to decipher the effects of long-term confinement and deformation on the biology of cell populations. This tool will be instrumental in deciphering the impact of nuclear and cytoskeletal mechanosensitivity in normal and pathological conditions involving highly confined situations, such as those reported upon aging with fibrosis or during cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prunet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5306, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Hall MS, Decker JT, Shea LD. Towards systems tissue engineering: Elucidating the dynamics, spatial coordination, and individual cells driving emergent behaviors. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120189. [PMID: 32569865 PMCID: PMC7396312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial systems have enabled the in vitro production of complex, emergent tissue behaviors that were not possible with conventional two-dimensional culture systems, allowing for analysis of both normal development and disease processes. We propose that the path towards developing the design parameters for biomaterial systems lies with identifying the molecular drivers of emergent behavior through leveraging technological advances in systems biology, including single cell omics, genetic engineering, and high content imaging. This growing research opportunity at the intersection of the fields of tissue engineering and systems biology - systems tissue engineering - can uniquely interrogate the mechanisms by which complex tissue behaviors emerge with the potential to capture the contribution of i) dynamic regulation of tissue development and dysregulation, ii) single cell heterogeneity and the function of rare cell types, and iii) the spatial distribution and structure of individual cells and cell types within a tissue. By leveraging advances in both biological and materials data science, systems tissue engineering can facilitate the identification of biomaterial design parameters that will accelerate basic science discovery and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Maharjan S, Cecen B, Zhang YS. 3D Immunocompetent Organ-on-a-Chip Models. SMALL METHODS 2020; 4:2000235. [PMID: 33072861 PMCID: PMC7567338 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, engineering of various human tissues in microphysiologically relevant platforms, known as organs-on-chips (OOCs), has been explored to establish in vitro tissue models that recapitulate the microenvironments found in native organs and tissues. However, most of these models have overlooked the important roles of immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions and in modulating the tissue microenvironments during pathophysiology. Significantly, gradual progress is being made in the development of more sophisticated microphysiologically relevant human-based OOC models that allow the studies of the key biophysiological aspects of specific tissues or organs, interactions between cells (parenchymal, vascular, and immune cells) and their extracellular matrix molecules, effects of native tissue architectures (geometry, dynamic flow or mechanical forces) on tissue functions, as well as unravelling the mechanism underlying tissue-specific diseases and drug testing. In this Progress Report, we discuss the different components of the immune system, as well as immune OOC platforms and immunocompetent OOC approaches that have simulated one or more components of the immune system. We also outline the challenges to recreate a fully functional tissue system in vitro with a focus on the incorporation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Berivan Cecen
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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All Roads Lead to Directional Cell Migration. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:852-868. [PMID: 32873438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Directional cell migration normally relies on a variety of external signals, such as chemical, mechanical, or electrical, which instruct cells in which direction to move. Many of the major molecular and physical effects derived from these cues are now understood, leading to questions about whether directional cell migration is alike or distinct under these different signals, and how cells might be directed by multiple simultaneous cues, which would be expected in complex in vivo environments. In this review, we compare how different stimuli are spatially distributed, often as gradients, to direct cell movement and the mechanisms by which they steer cells. A comparison of the downstream effectors of directional cues suggests that different external signals regulate a common set of components: small GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton, which implies that the mechanisms downstream of different signals are likely to be closely related and underlies the idea that cell migration operates by a common set of physical principles, irrespective of the input.
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de Winde CM, Munday C, Acton SE. Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell migration in immunity and cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:515-529. [PMID: 32451606 PMCID: PMC7395046 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that act to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are critical in mounting effective immune responses to tissue damage, pathogens and cancer. Immature DCs continuously sample tissues and engulf antigens via endocytic pathways such as phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, which result in DC activation. Activated DCs undergo a maturation process by downregulating endocytosis and upregulating surface proteins controlling migration to lymphoid tissues where DC-mediated antigen presentation initiates adaptive immune responses. To traffic to lymphoid tissues, DCs must adapt their motility mechanisms to migrate within a wide variety of tissue types and cross barriers to enter lymphatics. All steps of DC migration involve cell-cell or cell-substrate interactions. This review discusses DC migration mechanisms in immunity and cancer with a focus on the role of cytoskeletal processes and cell surface proteins, including integrins, lectins and tetraspanins. Understanding the adapting molecular mechanisms controlling DC migration in immunity provides the basis for therapeutic interventions to dampen immune activation in autoimmunity, or to improve anti-tumour immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M de Winde
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Clare Munday
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Najibi AJ, Mooney DJ. Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:42-62. [PMID: 32750376 PMCID: PMC7736208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, lymph nodes (LNs) coordinate tumor antigen presentation necessary for effective antitumor immunity, both at the levels of local cellular interactions and tissue-level organization. In this review, we examine how LNs may be engineered to improve the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. At the cellular scale, targeting the LNs impacts the potency of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive cell transfer. On a tissue level, macro-scale biomaterials mimicking LN features can function as immune niches for cell reprogramming or delivery in vivo, or be utilized in vitro to enable preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines. We additionally review strategies to induce ectopic lymphoid sites reminiscent of LNs that may improve antitumor T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
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Grigolato F, Egholm C, Impellizzieri D, Arosio P, Boyman O. Establishment of a scalable microfluidic assay for characterization of population-based neutrophil chemotaxis. Allergy 2020; 75:1382-1393. [PMID: 31971608 DOI: 10.1111/all.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation plays crucial roles in immunity, and dysregulated neutrophil responses can lead to pathology as seen in neutrophilic asthma. Neutrophil recruitment is key for initiating immune defense and inflammation, and its modulation is a promising therapeutic target. Microfluidic technology is an attractive tool for characterization of neutrophil migration. Compared to transwell assays, microfluidic approaches could offer several advantages, including precis e control of defined chemokine gradients in space and time, automated quantitative analysis of chemotaxis, and high throughput. METHODS We established a microfluidic device for fully automated, quantitative assessment of neutrophil chemotaxis. Freshly isolated mouse neutrophils from bone marrow or human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed in real time using an epifluorescence microscope for their migration toward the potent chemoattractants C-X-C-motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) and CXCL8, without or with interleukin-4 (IL-4) pre-incubation. RESULTS Our microfluidic device allowed the precise and reproducible determination of the optimal CXCL2 and CXCL8 concentrations for mouse and human neutrophil chemotaxis, respectively. Furthermore, our microfluidic assay was able to measure the equilibrium and real-time dynamic effects of specific modulators of neutrophil chemotaxis. We demonstrated this concept by showing that IL-4 receptor signaling in mouse and human neutrophils inhibited their migration toward CXCL2 and CXCL8, respectively, and this inhibition was time-dependent. CONCLUSION Collectively, our microfluidic device shows several advantages over traditional transwell migration assays and its design is amenable to future integration into multiplexed high-throughput platforms for screening of molecules that modulate the chemotaxis of different immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Garcia-Seyda N, Aoun L, Tishkova V, Seveau V, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Bajénoff M, Valignat MP, Theodoly O. Microfluidic device to study flow-free chemotaxis of swimming cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1639-1647. [PMID: 32249280 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been used in the last two decades to study in vitro cell chemotaxis, but few existing devices generate gradients in flow-free conditions. Flow can bias cell directionality of adherent cells and precludes the study of swimming cells like naïve T lymphocytes, which only migrate in a non-adherent fashion. We developed two devices that create stable, flow-free, diffusion-based gradients and are adapted for adherent and swimming cells. The flow-free environment is achieved by using agarose gel barriers between a central channel with cells and side channels with chemoattractants. These barriers insulate cells from injection/rinsing cycles of chemoattractants, they dampen residual drift across the device, and they allow co-culture of cells without physical interaction, to study contactless paracrine communication. Our devices were used here to investigate neutrophil and naïve T lymphocyte chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Garcia-Seyda
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurene Aoun
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Valentine Seveau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Valignat
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France.
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France.
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Kim BJ, Hannanta-anan P, Ryd A, Swartz MA, Wu M. Lymphoidal chemokine CCL19 promoted the heterogeneity of the breast tumor cell motility within a 3D microenvironment revealed by a Lévy distribution analysis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:12-20. [PMID: 32055833 PMCID: PMC7036475 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity, either at the genotypic or the phenotypic level, is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells exhibit large variations, even among cells derived from the same origin, including cell morphology, speed and motility type. However, current work for quantifying tumor cell behavior is largely population based and does not address the question of cell heterogeneity. In this article, we utilize Lévy distribution analysis, a method known in both social and physical sciences for quantifying rare events, to characterize the heterogeneity of tumor cell motility. Specifically, we studied the breast tumor cell (MDA-MB-231 cell line) velocity statistics when the cells were subject to well-defined lymphoid chemokine (CCL19) gradients using a microfluidic platform. Experimental results showed that the tail end of the velocity distribution of breast tumor cell was well described by a Lévy function. The measured Lévy exponent revealed that cell motility was more heterogeneous when CCL19 concentration was near the dynamic kinetic binding constant to its corresponding receptor CCR7. This work highlighted the importance of tumor microenvironment in modulating tumor cell heterogeneity and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beum Jun Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Pimkhuan Hannanta-anan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Food Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anders Ryd
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Liu F, Yazdani M, Ahner BA, Wu M. An array microhabitat device with dual gradients revealed synergistic roles of nitrogen and phosphorous in the growth of microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:798-805. [PMID: 31971190 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01153f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an emerging environmental problem contaminating water resources and disrupting the balance of the ecosystems. HABs are caused by the sudden growth of photosynthetic algal cells in both fresh and marine water, and have been expanding in extent and appearing more frequently due to the climate change and population growth. Despite the urgency of the problem, the exact environmental conditions that trigger HABs are unknown. This is in part due to the lack of high throughput tools for screening environmental parameters in promoting the growth of photosynthetic microorganisms. In this article, we developed an array microhabitat device with well defined dual nutrient gradients suitable for quantitative studies of multiple environmental parameters in microalgal cell growth. This device enabled an ability to provide 64 different nutrient conditions [nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and N : P ratio] at the same time, and the gradient generation took less than 90 min, advancing the current pond and test tube assays in terms of time and cost. Using a photosynthetic algal cell line, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, preconditioned in co-limited media, we revealed that N and P synergistically promoted cell growth. Interestingly, no discernible response was observed when single P or N gradient was imposed. Our work demonstrated the enabling capability of the microfluidic platform for screening effects of multiple environmental factors in photosynthetic cell growth, and highlighted the importance of the synergistic roles of environmental factors in algal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Mohammad Yazdani
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Beth A Ahner
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Models for Monocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32036607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) are immune cells that critically regulate cancer, enabling tumor growth and modulating metastasis. Mos can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Mo-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), all of which shape the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, understanding their roles in the TME is key for improved immunotherapy. Concurrently, various biological and mechanical factors including changes in local cytokines, extracellular matrix production, and metabolic changes in the TME affect the roles of monocytic cells. As such, relevant TME models are critical to achieve meaningful insight on the precise functions, mechanisms, and effects of monocytic cells. Notably, murine models have yielded significant insight into human Mo biology. However, many of these results have yet to be confirmed in humans, reinforcing the need for improved in vitro human TME models for the development of cancer interventions. Thus, this chapter (1) summarizes current insight on the tumor biology of Mos, TAMs, and moDCs, (2) highlights key therapeutic applications relevant to these cells, and (3) discusses various TME models to study their TME-related activity. We conclude with a perspective on the future research trajectory of this topic.
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Lämmermann T, Kastenmüller W. Concepts of GPCR-controlled navigation in the immune system. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:205-231. [PMID: 30977203 PMCID: PMC6487968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G‐protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is essential for the spatiotemporal control of leukocyte dynamics during immune responses. For efficient navigation through mammalian tissues, most leukocyte types express more than one GPCR on their surface and sense a wide range of chemokines and chemoattractants, leading to basic forms of leukocyte movement (chemokinesis, haptokinesis, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and chemorepulsion). How leukocytes integrate multiple GPCR signals and make directional decisions in lymphoid and inflamed tissues is still subject of intense research. Many of our concepts on GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation in the presence of multiple GPCR signals derive from in vitro chemotaxis studies and lower vertebrates. In this review, we refer to these concepts and critically contemplate their relevance for the directional movement of several leukocyte subsets (neutrophils, T cells, and dendritic cells) in the complexity of mouse tissues. We discuss how leukocyte navigation can be regulated at the level of only a single GPCR (surface expression, competitive antagonism, oligomerization, homologous desensitization, and receptor internalization) or multiple GPCRs (synergy, hierarchical and non‐hierarchical competition, sequential signaling, heterologous desensitization, and agonist scavenging). In particular, we will highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR‐controlled leukocyte navigation by intravital microscopy of immune cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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Kagamu H, Kitano S, Yamaguchi O, Yoshimura K, Horimoto K, Kitazawa M, Fukui K, Shiono A, Mouri A, Nishihara F, Miura Y, Hashimoto K, Murayama Y, Kaira K, Kobayashi K. CD4 + T-cell Immunity in the Peripheral Blood Correlates with Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 8:334-344. [PMID: 31871122 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and systemic CD4+ T-cell immunity play an important role in mediating durable antitumor responses. We longitudinally examined T-cell immunity in the peripheral blood of patients with non-small lung cancer and found that responders had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher percentages of effector, CD62Llow CD4+ T cells prior to PD-1 blockade. Conversely, the percentage of CD25+FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells was significantly (P = 0.034) higher in nonresponders. We developed a formula, which demonstrated 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity, based on the percentages of CD62Llow CD4+ T cells and CD25+FOXP3+ cells to predict nonresponders. Mass cytometry analysis revealed that the CD62Llow CD4+ T-cell subset expressed T-bet+, CD27-, FOXP3-, and CXCR3+, indicative of a Th1 subpopulation. CD62Llow CD4+ T cells significantly correlated with effector CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0091) and with PD-1 expression on effector CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0015). Gene expression analysis revealed that CCL19, CLEC-2A, IFNA, IL7, TGFBR3, CXCR3, and HDAC9 were preferentially expressed in CD62Llow CD4+ T cells derived from responders. Notably, long-term responders, who had >500-day progression-free survival, showed significantly higher numbers of CD62Llow CD4+ T cells prior to PD-1 blockade therapy. Decreased CD62Llow CD4+ T-cell percentages after therapy resulted in acquired resistance, with long-term survivors maintaining high CD62Llow CD4+ T-cell percentages. These results pave the way for new treatment strategies for patients by monitoring CD4+ T-cell immune statuses in their peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ou Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukui
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Shiono
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Mouri
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fuyumi Nishihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Miura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Murayama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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