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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Gu P, Tuo L, Wang L, Jiang SW. Transgenic mice applications in the study of endometriosis pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1376414. [PMID: 38933332 PMCID: PMC11199864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1376414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM), characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial tissues and recurrent pelvic pain, is a common disease with severe negative impacts on the life quality of patients. Conventional uterine tissue transplantation-based models have been broadly used to investigate the pathogenic mechanism(s) of EM. Transgenic mice with whole body or uterine/pelvic tissue-specific labelling by the expression of GFP, β-gal or other light-emitting or chromogenic markers enable investigators to analyze the contribution to endometriotic lesions by the donor or recipient side after uterine tissue transplantation. Moreover, when coupled to uterine tissue transplantation, transgenic mice with a specific EM-related gene knocked out or overexpressed make it possible to determine the gene's in vivo role(s) for EM pathogenesis. Furthermore, observations on the rise of de novo endometriotic lesions as well as structural/functional changes in the eutopic endometrium or pelvic tissues after gene manipulation will directly relate the cognate gene to the onset of EM. A major advantage of transgenic EM models is their efficiency for analyzing gene interactions with hormonal, dietetic and/or environmental factors. This review summarizes the features/sources/backgrounds of transgenic mice and their applications to EM studies concerning hormonal regulation, angiogenesis and inflammation. Findings from these studies, the advantages/disadvantages of transgenic EM models, and future expectations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhao
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinlang Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingjin Tuo
- Lianyungang Research Institute for Women’s and Children’s Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Lianyungang Research Institute for Women’s and Children’s Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Wang X, Yang C, Quan C, Li J, Hu Y, Liu P, Guan L, Li L. The regulation and potential role of interleukin-32 in tuberculous pleural effusion. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342641. [PMID: 38803498 PMCID: PMC11128554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The possible protective effect of interleukin-32 (IL-32) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has been indicated. However, few studies have been focused on IL-32 in tuberculosis patients. Additionally, the regulation of IL-32 production has rarely been reported. In the present study, the production, regulation, and role of IL-32 in tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) were investigated. We found that the content of IL-32 in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) was higher than the level in the malignant pleural effusion and transudative pleural effusion. The level of IL-32 mRNA in pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs) was higher than that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with TBP, and this difference was mainly reflected in the splice variants of IL-32α, IL-32β, and IL-32γ. Compared with the PBMCs, PFMCs featured higher IL-32β/IL-32γ and IL-32α/IL-32γ ratios. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and H37Ra stimulation could induce IL-32 production in the PFMCs. IL-32 production was positively correlated with the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1Ra levels in TPE, whereas IFN-γ, but not TNF-α or IL-1Ra, could induce the production of IL-32 in PFMCs. Furthermore, IL-32γ could induce the TNF-α production in PFMCs. Monocytes and macrophages were the main sources of IL-32 in PFMCs. Nevertheless, direct cell-cell contact between lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages plays an important role in enhancing IL-32 production by monocyte/macrophage cells. Finally, compared with the non-tuberculous pleural effusion, the purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in TPE expressed higher levels of intracellular IL-32. Our results suggested that, as a potential biomarker, IL-32 may play an essential role in the protection against Mtb infection in patients with TBP. However, further studies need to be carried out to clarify the functions and mechanisms of the IFN-γ/IL-32/TNF-α axis in patients with TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengqing Yang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Quan
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Guan
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Sosna B, Aebisher D, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Oleś P, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Selected Cytokines and Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:202. [PMID: 38203373 PMCID: PMC10779120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for two diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). There are many factors, e.g., genetic, environmental and immunological, that increase the likelihood of these diseases. Indicators of IBDs include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this review is to present data on the role of selected cytokines and metalloproteinases in IBD. In recent years, more and more transcriptomic studies are emerging. These studies are improving the characterization of the cytokine microenvironment inside inflamed tissue. It is observed that the levels of several cytokines are consistently increased in inflamed tissue in IBD, both in UC and CD. This review shows that MMPs play a major role in the pathology of inflammatory processes, cancer, and IBD. IBD-associated inflammation is associated with increased expression of MMPs and reduced ability of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to inhibit their action. In IBD patients in tissues that are inflamed, MMPs are produced in excess and TIMP activity is not sufficient to block MMPs. This review is based on our personal selection of the literature that was retrieved by a selective search in PubMed using the terms "Inflammatory bowel disease" and "pathogenesis of Inflammatory bowel diseases" that includes systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of IBD is reviewed in terms of the role of the cytokines and metalloproteinases involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sosna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
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Wallimann A, Schenk M. IL-32 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in skin inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264236. [PMID: 37727785 PMCID: PMC10505650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a recently described cytokine that performs a variety of functions under inflammatory conditions. Serum IL-32 has been shown to be elevated in several diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, HIV infection, and atopic diseases including atopic dermatitis. There are nine different isoforms of IL-32, with IL-32γ being the most biologically active one. The following review summarizes the different roles of the various IL-32 isoforms in the context of skin inflammation, with a focus on atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wallimann
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Du J, Shao MM, Yi FS, Huang ZY, Qiao X, Chen QY, Shi HZ, Zhai K. Interleukin 32 as a Potential Marker for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0255321. [PMID: 35880892 PMCID: PMC9430160 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02553-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate differential diagnosis is the key to choosing the correct treatment for pleural effusion. The present study aimed to assess whether interleukin 32 (IL-32) could be a new biomarker of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and to explore the biological role of IL-32 in TPE. IL-32 levels were evaluated in the pleural effusions of 131 patients with undetermined pleural effusion from Wuhan and Beijing cohorts using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Macrophages from TPE patients were transfected with IL-32-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) expression was determined by real-time PCR and colorimetric methods. With a cutoff value of 247.9 ng/mL, the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for IL-32 was 0.933 for TPE, and the sensitivity and specificity were 88.4% and 93.4%, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model with relatively good diagnostic performance was established. IL-32-specific siRNA downregulated ADA expression in macrophages, and IL-32γ treatment significantly induced ADA expression. Our results indicate that IL-32 in pleural effusion may be a novel biomarker for identifying patients with TPE. In addition, our multivariate model is acceptable to rule in or rule out TPE across diverse prevalence settings. Furthermore, IL-32 may modulate ADA expression in the tuberculosis microenvironment. (This study has been registered at ChiCTR under registration number ChiCTR2100051112 [https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx].) IMPORTANCE Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with manifestations ranging from benign effusion with spontaneous absorption to effusion with pleural thickening, empyema, and even fibrosis, which can lead to a lasting impairment of lung function. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a rapid method to establish early diagnosis and apply antituberculosis therapy in the early stage. This study indicates that interleukin 32 (IL-32) in pleural effusion is a new high-potency marker to distinguish TPE from pleural effusions with other etiologies. A multivariate model combining age, adenosine deaminase (ADA), lactic dehydrogenase, and IL-32 may reliably rule in TPE in intermediate- or high-prevalence areas. Additionally, we observed that IL-32 might regulate ADA expression in macrophages in the tuberculosis microenvironment. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the role of IL-32 in the tuberculosis microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ming Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Pleural Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ribeiro-Dias F, Oliveira I. A Critical Overview of Interleukin 32 in Leishmaniases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849340. [PMID: 35309341 PMCID: PMC8927017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has several immune regulatory properties, which have driven its investigation in the context of various diseases. IL-32 expression is reported to be induced in the lesions of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) by the New World Leishmania spp. that are responsible for causing ATL and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). IL-32 expression may elevate the inflammatory process through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and also via mechanisms directed to kill the parasites. The genetic variants of IL-32 might be associated with the resistance or susceptibility to ATL, while different isoforms of IL-32 could be associated with distinct T helper lymphocyte profiles. IL-32 also determines the transcriptional profile in the bone marrow progenitor cells to mediate the trained immunity induced by β-glucan and BCG, thereby contributing to the resistance against Leishmania. IL-32γ is essential for the vitamin D-dependent microbicidal pathway for parasite control. In this context, the present review report briefly discusses the data retrieved from the studies conducted on IL-32 in leishmaniasis in humans and mice to highlight the current challenges to understanding the role of IL-32 in leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Braga YLL, Neto JRC, Costa AWF, Silva MVT, Silva MV, Celes MRN, Oliveira MAP, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F, Gomes RS, Machado JR. Interleukin-32 γ in the Control of Acute Experimental Chagas Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7070301. [PMID: 35097133 PMCID: PMC8794684 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is an important parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) plays an important role in inflammation and in the development of Th1/Th17 acquired immune responses. We evaluated the influence of IL-32γ on the immune response profile, pathogenesis of myocarditis in acute experimental CD, and control of the disease. For this, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-32γTg mice were infected subcutaneously with 1,000 forms of Colombian strain of T. cruzi. In the histopathological analyzes, T. cruzi nests, myocarditis, and collagen were quantified in cardiac tissue. Cytokine productions (IL-32, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17) were measured in cardiac homogenate by ELISA. The IL-32γTg mice showed a better control of parasitemia and T. cruzi nests in the heart than WT mice. Infected-WT and -IL-32γTg mice showed similar levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, but IL-10 was significantly higher expressed in IL-32γTg than in WT mice. The cytokine profile found in IL-32γTg animals contributed to body weight maintenance, parasitemia control, and survival. Our results indicate that the presence of human IL-32γ in mice infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi is important for infection control during the acute phase of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarlla L. L. Braga
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - José R. C. Neto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur W. F. Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Muriel V. T. Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Mara R. N. Celes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Milton A. P. Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Machado
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Gomes RS, Silva MVT, Oliveira MAP, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. Protective immune response mediated by neutrophils in experimental visceral leishmaniasis is enhanced by IL-32γ. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104449. [PMID: 34784560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important cells in protection against microbial infections including visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It is well known that IL-32γ increases the protective T helper 17 cell mediated immune response against Leishmania infantum. Thus, in this study we evaluated whether IL-32 γ can increase the protective role of neutrophils against VL. In comparison with wild type (WT) mice, transgenic mice for human IL-32 γ (IL-32 γ Tg) presented a higher frequency and absolute number of neutrophils in both spleen and liver after the establishment of L. infantum infection. The IL-32 concentrations correlated with neutrophil numbers in the infected tissues. The IL-32 γ -induced recruitment of neutrophils was dependent on IL-17, since inhibition of Th17 T cells generation and IL-17 production with digoxin treatment reversed the effects of IL-32 γ. In murine neutrophils, the presence of IL-32 γ enhanced the phagocytosis of L. infantum via CR3. In addition, murine IL-32 γ Tg neutrophils were able to kill L. infantum due to the increased production of ROS when compared with WT neutrophils. In fact, IL-32 γ Tg mice lost their ability to control infection by L. infantum when neutrophils were depleted. In parallel, treatment of human neutrophils with recombinant IL-32 γ increased phagocytosis and ROS-dependent killing of L. infantum, similarly to murine IL-32 γ Tg neutrophils. The data show that IL-32 γ induces neutrophil recruitment to organs affected by VL and increases phagocytosis and killing of L. infantum by neutrophils. Together, data indicate the pivotal axis IL-32 γ -Th17-neutrophils to control VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Silva MVT, Dos Santos JC, Figueiredo AMBD, Teufel LU, Pereira JX, Matos GGD, Pinto SA, Netea MG, Gomes RS, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. The role of IL-32 in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced trained immunity in infections caused by different Leishmania spp. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105088. [PMID: 34260904 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells of the innate immune system undergo long-term functional reprogramming in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) exposure via a process called trained immunity, conferring nonspecific protection to unrelated infections. Here, we investigate whether BCG-induced trained immunity is able to protect against infections caused by different Leishmania spp., protozoa that cause cutaneous and mucosal or visceral lesions. METHODS We used training models of human monocytes with BCG and subsequent infection by L. braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. infantum, and the vaccination of wild-type and transgenic mice for IL-32γ before in vivo challenge with parasites. RESULTS We demonstrated that monocytes trained with BCG presented enhanced ability to kill L. braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. infantum through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Interleukin (IL)-32 appears to play an essential role in the development of trained immunity. Indeed, BCG exposure induced IL-32 production in human primary monocytes, both mRNA and protein. We have used a human IL-32γ transgenic mouse model (IL-32γTg) to study the effect of BCG vaccination in different Leishmania infection models. BCG vaccination decreased lesion size and parasite load in infections caused by L. braziliensis and reduced the spread of L. amazonensis to other organs in both infected wild-type (WT) and IL-32γTg mice. In addition, BCG reduced the parasite load in the spleen, liver and bone marrow of both WT and IL-32γTg mice infected with L. infantum. BCG vaccination increased inflammatory infiltrate in infected tissues caused by different Leishmania spp. In all infections, the presence of IL-32γ was not mandatory, but it increased the protective and inflammatory effects of BCG-induced training. CONCLUSIONS BCG's ability to train innate immune cells, providing protection against leishmaniasis, as well as the participation of IL-32γ in this process, pave the way for new treatment strategies for this neglected infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Vilela Teodoro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Marina Barroso de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lisa U Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathas Xavier Pereira
- Pathology Sector, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Grazzielle Guimarães de Matos
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Alves Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás and Instituto Goiano de Oncologia e Hematologia (INGOH), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Dos Santos JC, Barroso de Figueiredo AM, Teodoro Silva MV, Cirovic B, de Bree LCJ, Damen MSMA, Moorlag SJCFM, Gomes RS, Helsen MM, Oosting M, Keating ST, Schlitzer A, Netea MG, Ribeiro-Dias F, Joosten LAB. β-Glucan-Induced Trained Immunity Protects against Leishmania braziliensis Infection: a Crucial Role for IL-32. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2659-2672.e6. [PMID: 31484076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Leishmania protozoans. Innate immune cells undergo long-term functional reprogramming in response to infection or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination via a process called trained immunity, conferring non-specific protection from secondary infections. Here, we demonstrate that monocytes trained with the fungal cell wall component β-glucan confer enhanced protection against infections caused by Leishmania braziliensis through the enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, this augmented immunological response is dependent on increased expression of interleukin 32 (IL-32). Studies performed using a humanized IL-32 transgenic mouse highlight the clinical implications of these findings in vivo. This study represents a definitive characterization of the role of IL-32γ in the trained phenotype induced by β-glucan or BCG, the results of which improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing trained immunity and Leishmania infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Branko Cirovic
- Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo S Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Monique M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel T Keating
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Schlitzer
- Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics Unit at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences (RILMS), Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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11
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Öngöz Dede F, Gökmenoğlu C, Deveci ET, Çelen S, Avci B, Kara C, Çanakçi V. Increased levels of interleukin-32 isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, and delta in the gingival crevicular fluid and plasma of the patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:83-92. [PMID: 32890410 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-32, which has been recently reported to be associated with periodontitis, has been suggested to have pleiotropic effect due to its 9 different isoforms. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ isoforms in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis (P). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven P and 27 periodontally healthy controls (C) were recruited in this study. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed to periodontitis patients. GCF and plasma sampling and clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated before and 1 month after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ isoforms in GCF and plasma samples. RESULTS The levels of IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ in plasma and GCF were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis than healthy controls (P < .001). In P group, plasma and GCF IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ levels after non-surgical periodontal treatment were lower when compared to baseline (P < .001). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between GCF and plasma IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ levels in all groups at baseline and after treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSION The study supported that there was a relationship between elevated levels of IL-32 isoforms and periodontitis. Also, our novel findings suggest that the pro-inflammatory role of IL-32 in the periodontitis may be originated from IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Öngöz Dede
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gökmenoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Emre Taha Deveci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selman Çelen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cankat Kara
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Varol Çanakçi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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12
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Aass KR, Kastnes MH, Standal T. Molecular interactions and functions of IL-32. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:143-159. [PMID: 32869391 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0620-550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a multifaceted cytokine associated with several diseases and inflammatory conditions. Its expression is induced in response to cellular stress such as hypoxia, infections, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-32 can be secreted from cells and can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from several cell types but are also described to have anti-inflammatory functions. The intracellular form of IL-32 is shown to play an important role in various cellular processes, including the defense against intracellular bacteria and viruses and in modulation of cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss current literature on molecular interactions of IL-32 with other proteins. We also review data on the role of intracellular IL-32 as a metabolic regulator and its role in antimicrobial host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Roseth Aass
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin H Kastnes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Lee YS, Han SB, Ham HJ, Park JH, Lee JS, Hwang DY, Jung YS, Yoon DY, Hong JT. IL-32γ suppressed atopic dermatitis through inhibition of miR-205 expression via inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:156-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Leppkes M, Neurath MF. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel diseases - Update 2020. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104835. [PMID: 32416212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), namely Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, cause a significant disease burden in modern civilization. Ever since the introduction of anti-TNF-directed therapies 20 years ago, cytokines have attracted a lot of research attention and several cytokine-directed therapies have been implemented in the clinical treatment of these diseases. The research progress in these past years has underlined the importance of both myeloid and lymphoid elements of the immune system in the pathogenesis of IBD and their cytokine-mediated interplay. The conceptual framework of the mucosal cytokine network has shifted during these years from a T helper (Th) dichotomy (Th1/Th2) to the effector/regulatory T cell balance, while nowadays, the importance of myeloid cell instruction of lymphocytes, namely by IL-12 and IL-23, is increasingly recognized. Anti-IL-12p40 agents, like ustekinumab, groundbreakingly changed patient care, and anti-IL23p19-directed approaches are on the verge of grand success. In this review we present a modular approach to understand the cytokine network and put it into the context of the pathogenesis of IBD with a special focus on publications since 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leppkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - M F Neurath
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Genetic variation in Interleukin-32 influence the immune response against New World Leishmania species and susceptibility to American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008029. [PMID: 32023240 PMCID: PMC7028298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 is a novel inflammatory mediator that has been described to be important in the immunopathogenesis and control of infections caused by Leishmania parasites. By performing experiments with primary human cells in vitro, we demonstrate that the expression of IL-32 isoforms is dependent on the time exposed to L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. Moreover, for the first time we show the functional consequences of three different genetic variations in the IL32 (rs4786370, rs4349147, rs1555001) modulating IL-32γ expression, influencing innate and adaptive cytokine production after Leishmania exposure. Using a Brazilian cohort of 107 American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis patients and a control cohort of 245 healthy individuals, the IL32 rs4786370 genetic variant was associated with protection against ATL, whereas the IL32 rs4349147 was associated with susceptibility to the development of localized cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. These novel insights may help improve therapeutic strategies and lead to benefits for patients suffering from Leishmania infections. In this study, we described how IL-32 isoforms are crucial to host defense against new world Leishmania species infections. Furthermore, by accessing the genotype frequency of genetic variations in IL32 in a cohort of Brazilian patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) and controls, we have obtained indications that IL-32 is associated with disease susceptibility and the development of different clinical manifestations. Thus, this study provides us an extra evidence that the isoforms of IL-32 shape the immune response favoring the development of different cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells that might contribute to skin/mucosal inflammation and host defense.
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16
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Damen MSMA, Ballak D, Sapinsley Z, Bai X, Chan ED, Seals DR, Popa CD, Joosten LAB. Transgenic mice expressing human IL-32 develop adipokine profiles resembling those of obesity-induced metabolic changes. Cytokine 2019; 125:154793. [PMID: 31398626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is associated with the development of insulin resistance in obese individuals. The present study aims to provide additional evidence strengthening the role of interleukin (IL)-32 in this key process. Using an IL-32 transgenic (IL-32tg) mouse model, we observed that IL-32tg fed a normal diet had greater body weight, due to greater accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) along with larger sized adipocytes. This led to metabolic consequences, with significant higher leptin levels and a trend towards hyperinsulinemia, indicating a phenotype resembling the metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes of IL-32tg mice were more prone to induce a pro-inflammatory response locally, which would be expected when predisposed to insulin resistance and type2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence of a direct contribution of IL-32 to pathophysiological perturbations within the adipose tissue, possibly contributing to the metabolic syndrome that precedes frank insulin resistance and T2D. Future research should focus on the role of IL-32 in the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Dov Ballak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, B-168, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Zackary Sapinsley
- University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, B-168, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Xiyuan Bai
- University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, B-168, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward D Chan
- University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, B-168, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, B-168, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Calin D Popa
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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17
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Sohn DH, Nguyen TT, Kim S, Shim S, Lee S, Lee Y, Jhun H, Azam T, Kim J, Kim S. Structural Characteristics of Seven IL-32 Variants. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e8. [PMID: 31089435 PMCID: PMC6494766 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-32 exists as seven mRNA transcripts that can translate into distinct individual IL-32 variants with specific protein domains. These translated protein domains of IL-32 variants code for specific functions that allow for interaction with different molecules intracellularly or extracellularly. The longest variant is IL-32γ possessing 234 amino acid residues with all 11 protein domains, while the shortest variant is IL-32α possessing 131 amino acid residues with three of the protein domains. The first domain exists in 6 variants except IL-32δ variant, which has a distinct translation initiation codon due to mRNA splicing. The last eleventh domain is common domain for all seven IL-32 variants. Numerous studies in different fields, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, pathogen infection, and cancer biology, have claimed the specific biological activity of individual IL-32 variant despite the absence of sufficient data. There are 4 additional IL-32 variants without proper transcripts. In this review, the structural characteristics of seven IL-32 transcripts are described based on the specific protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tam T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tania Azam
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungdong University Medical Campus, Wonju 24695, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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18
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Kwon OC, Ghang B, Lee E, Hong S, Lee C, Yoo B, Kim S, Kim Y. Interleukin‐32γ: Possible association with the activity and development of nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1305-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Byeongzu Ghang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Jeju National University School of Medicine Jeju Korea
| | - Eun‐Ju Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Chang‐Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology Konkuk University Seoul Korea
| | - Yong‐Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center Seoul Korea
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19
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Lee MY, Kim SH, Oh YS, Heo SH, Kim KH, Chae HD, Kim CH, Kang BM. Role of interleukin-32 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis: in vitro, human and transgenic mouse data. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:807-816. [PMID: 29562285 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does interleukin-32 (IL-32) play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-32 might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis through increased viability, proliferation and invasion of endometrial cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease and several proinflammatory cytokines are suggested to be involved in its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. IL-32, recognized as a new proinflammatory cytokine and a strong inducer of other proinflammatory cytokines, has been shown to serve as a key modulator in several chronic inflammatory diseases. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study included comparison of IL-32 levels in the peritoneal fluids between women with and without endometriosis, in-vitro experiments using Ishikawa cells and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and experiments on IL-32 transgenic mice and wild-type mice with induced endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS IL-32 levels in the peritoneal fluids were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cell viability, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cellular invasiveness were analyzed following in-vitro treatment of Ishikawa cells and ESCs with recombinant IL-32 alpha (α) and gamma (γ). Ectopic endometriotic lesions were compared between IL-32 transgenic mice and wild-type mice after autologous endometrial transplantation with immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 antigen and PCNA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The peritoneal fluid concentration of IL-32 was significantly higher in patients with advanced stage endometriosis compared with the controls. In-vitro treatment with IL-32 α and γ caused significant increases in cellular viability, PCNA expression, and invasiveness in Ishikawa cells and ESCs. The IL-32 transgenic mice had a significantly larger size of the ectopic endometrial lesions with higher expression of Ki-67 antigen and PCNA compared with wild-type mice. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It is still unclear whether IL-32 is a main regulator, or one of several downstream proinflammatory cytokines, causing establishment and/or progression of endometriosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Further investigation on IL-32 signaling pathways may contribute to development a more effective treatment of endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant number: HI16C1682). None of the authors has anything to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Young Sang Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Heo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Chung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Byung Moon Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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20
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Neupane S, Srivastav S, Bhurtel S, Katila N, Shadfar S, Park PH, Hong JT, Choi DY. Enhanced neuroinflammatory responses after systemic LPS injection in IL-32β transgenic mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Hong GH, Park SY, Kwon HS, Bang BR, Lee J, Kim SY, Pack CG, Kim S, Moon KA, Kim TB, Moon HB, Cho YS. IL-32γ attenuates airway fibrosis by modulating the integrin-FAK signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:188. [PMID: 30257681 PMCID: PMC6158920 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis in severe asthma often leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. However, the mechanism that regulates fibrosis remains poorly understood. Interleukin (IL)-32 plays a role in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32 is involved in fibrosis progression in the lungs. Methods Murine models of chronic airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin and Aspergillus melleus protease and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis were employed. We evaluated the degree of tissue fibrosis after treatment with recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ). Expression of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-related signaling pathways was evaluated in activated human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) treated with rIL-32γ. Results rIL-32γ significantly attenuated collagen deposition and α-SMA production in both mouse models. rIL-32γ inhibited the production of fibronectin and α-SMA in MRC-5 cells stimulated with TGF-β. Additionally, rIL-32γ suppressed activation of the integrin-FAK-paxillin signaling axis but had no effect on the Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. rIL-32γ localized outside of MRC-5 cells and inhibited the interaction between integrins and the extracellular matrix without directly binding to intracellular FAK and paxillin. Conclusions These results demonstrate that IL-32γ has anti-fibrotic effects and is a novel target for preventing fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0863-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyong Hwa Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Bang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Jaechun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ai Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
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22
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Xin T, Chen M, Duan L, Xu Y, Gao P. Interleukin-32: its role in asthma and potential as a therapeutic agent. Respir Res 2018; 19:124. [PMID: 29940981 PMCID: PMC6019726 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32, also named natural killer cell transcript 4 (NK4), has increasingly been described as an immunoregulator that controls cell differentiation and cell death and is involved in the stimulation of anti−/pro-inflammatory cytokines. Abnormal presence of IL-32 has been repeatedly noticed during the pathogenesis of allergic, infectious, cancerous, and inflammatory diseases. Of particular note was the observation of the anti-inflammatory property of IL-32 in a murine ovalbumin model of allergic asthma. Compared to wild-type mice, IL-32γ transgenic mice show decreased levels of inflammatory cells, recruited eosinophils, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of acute asthma. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of IL-32 in asthma remains to be elucidated. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the pathophysiology of asthma and describe the links to IL-32. The possibilities of using IL-32 as an airway inflammation biomarker and an asthma therapeutic agent are also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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23
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Yan H, He D, Huang X, Zhang E, Chen Q, Xu R, Liu X, Zi F, Cai Z. Role of interleukin-32 in cancer biology. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:41-47. [PMID: 29930712 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32), a novel proinflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in various cancer tissues and in established cancer cell lines. IL-32 has been revealed to serve a crucial role in human cancer development, including tumour initiation, proliferation and maintenance. The expression of IL-32 is regulated by numerous factors, including genetic variations, hypoxia and acidosis in the tumour microenvironment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of IL-32 expression and its function are critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that target IL-32. This is a review of the current literature on the regulation and function of IL-32 in cancer progression, focusing on the molecular pathways linking IL-32 and tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Yan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Zi
- Department of Haematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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24
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Kwon OC, Kim S, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Chang EJ, Kim YG. Role of IL-32 Gamma on Bone Metabolism in Autoimmune Arthritis. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e20. [PMID: 29984038 PMCID: PMC6026691 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by inducing the synthesis of inflammatory molecules as well as promoting the morphological changes involved in the transformation of monocytes into osteoclasts (OCs). Evaluation of the functions of IL-32 has mainly focused on its inflammatory properties, such as involvement in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-32 was shown to be involved in bone metabolism, in which it promotes the differentiation and activation of OCs and plays a key role in bone resorption in inflammatory conditions. IL-32γ also regulates bone formation in conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize the results of recent studies on the role of IL-32γ in bone metabolism in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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25
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Human Interleukin-32γ Plays a Protective Role in an Experimental Model of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00796-17. [PMID: 29483288 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00796-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Americas. During VL, several proinflammatory cytokines are produced in spleen, liver, and bone marrow. However, the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32) has not been explored in this disease. IL-32 can induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in innate immune cells and polarize the adaptive immune response. Herein, we discovered that L. infantum antigens induced expression of mRNA mainly for the IL-32γ isoform but also induced low levels of the IL-32β transcript in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, infection of human IL-32γ transgenic mice (IL-32γTg mice) with L. infantum promastigote forms increased IL-32γ expression in the spleen and liver. Interestingly, IL-32γTg mice harbored less parasitism in the spleen and liver than wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, IL-32γTg mice showed increased granuloma formation in the liver compared to WT mice. The protection against VL was associated with increased production of nitric oxide (NO), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by splenic cells restimulated ex vivo with L. infantum antigens. In parallel, there was an increase in the number of Th1 and Th17 T cells in the spleens of IL-32γTg mice infected with L. infantum IL-32γ induction of IFN-γ and IL-17A expression was found to be essential for NO production by splenic cells of infected animals. These data indicate that IL-32γ potentiates the Th1/Th17 immune response during experimental VL, thus contributing to the control of L. infantum infection.
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26
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Dos Santos JC, Damen MSMA, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. Interleukin-32: An endogenous danger signal or master regulator of intracellular pathogen infections-Focus on leishmaniases. Semin Immunol 2018; 38:15-23. [PMID: 29551246 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is an intracellular cytokine produced by immune and non immune cells after different stimuli. It contributes to inflammation and control of intracellular pathogens mainly by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and microbicidal molecules. Evidence is rising showing that IL-32 can be considered an endogenous danger signal after tissue injury, amplifying the inflammatory process and acquired immune responses. It seems to be a master regulator of intracellular infectious diseases. In this review, first the general properties of IL-32 are described followed by its role in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Roles of IL-32 in the control of infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens are reported, and later a focus on IL-32 in leishmaniases, diseases caused by an intracellular protozoan, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica C Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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27
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Xuan W, Huang W, Wang R, Chen C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Tan X. Elevated circulating IL-32 presents a poor prognostic outcome in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243:367-373. [PMID: 28747035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine. However, there are limited data regarding IL-32 as a biomarker for heart failure (HF). In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of IL-32 in patients with chronic HF after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Over a period of 1.8years, we prospectively enrolled 100 patients with chronic HF after MI. IL-32, NT-proBNP, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), procollagen type I (PI) and type III (PIII) were measured at baseline. Study endpoint was adverse cardiac events. High IL-32 levels were associated with numerous factors that are related to deteriorate cardiac function and cardiac fibrosis. Strong expression of IL-32 was detected in human cardiomyocytes from HF tissue. ROC curve revealed the area under the curve of IL-32 for predicting negative outcome of HF was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.83, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier statistics showed that the risk of adverse cardiac event was 5.75 fold (hazard ratio 5.75, 95% CI 1.53-21.58, P=0.009), which increased in the highest quartile (>296pg/mL). Cox regression analysis revealed IL-32 was an independent predictor for cardiac events (hazard ratio 2.78, 95% CI 1.02-7.57, P=0.046). Recombinant IL-32 significantly exacerbated infarct size in a mouse model of MI. IL-32 upregulated expression of MMP-9, PIII and transforming growth factor beta in rat fibroblasts. CONCLUSION IL-32 might be a novel predictor of adverse cardiac event in patients with HF after MI. The pro-fibrotic effect of IL-32 may contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling and progression to HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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28
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Damen MS, Popa CD, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LA. Interleukin-32 in chronic inflammatory conditions is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis 2017; 264:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Gomes RS, Silva MVT, Dos Santos JC, de Lima Silva LL, Batista AC, Machado JR, Teixeira MM, Dorta ML, de Oliveira MAP, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB, Ribeiro-Dias F. IL-32γ promotes the healing of murine cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection in contrast to Leishmania amazonensis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:336. [PMID: 28709468 PMCID: PMC5513196 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine induced in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. Here, we investigated whether IL-32 is also expressed in patient lesions caused by L. amazonensis. In addition, we evaluated experimental L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis infections in C57BL/6 transgenic mice for human IL-32γ (IL-32γTg) in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice that do not express the IL-32 gene. Results Human cutaneous lesions caused by L. amazonensis express higher levels of IL-32 than healthy control skin. In mice, the presence of IL-32γ promoted the control of cutaneous lesions caused by L. braziliensis, but not lesions caused by L. amazonensis in an ear dermis infection model. In addition, IL-32γTg mice displayed less tissue parasitism and inflammation in IL-32γTg than WT mice during the healing phase of L. braziliensis infection. Production of antigen-specific pro-inflammatory cytokines was higher in IL-32γTg mice than in WT mice during L. braziliensis infection but not during L. amazonensis infection. Conclusions Human cutaneous lesions caused by L. amazonensis express high levels of IL-32. In mice, the presence of IL-32γ contributes to the lesion healing caused by L. braziliensis but not by L. amazonensis. Data suggest that despite the ability for both species to induce IL-32 in humans, the connections between this cytokine and other immune players induced by related species of parasites can lead to distinct outcomes of the murine infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Luiz de Lima Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Charles A Dinarello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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30
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Son DJ, Jung YY, Seo YS, Park H, Lee DH, Kim S, Roh YS, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Interleukin-32α Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation, and Atherosclerosis by Upregulating Timp3 and Reck through suppressing microRNA-205 Biogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2186-2203. [PMID: 28740544 PMCID: PMC5505053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a multifaceted cytokine that promotes inflammation and regulates vascular endothelial cell behavior. Although some IL-32 isoforms have been reported to contribute to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, the functional role of IL-32α in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis has not been studied. Methods: IL-32α function was assessed in cells with transient IL-32α overexpression or treated with recombinant human IL-32α by western blotting and mRNA expression analysis. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration was examined by BrdU incorporation and wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, the participation of IL-32α on vascular inflammation, arterial wall thickening, and atherosclerosis in vivo was monitored in human IL-32α transgenic (hIL-32α-Tg) mice with or without ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-/hIL-32α-Tg). Results: Our analyses showed that IL-32α suppresses genes involved in the inflammatory and immune responses and cell proliferation, and by limiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) function. In vivo, administration of hIL-32α inhibited vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in hIL-32α-Tg and ApoE-/-/hIL-32α-Tg mice. Subsequent microarray and in silico analysis also revealed a marked decreased in inflammatory gene expression in hIL-32α-Tg mice. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that IL-32α upregulates the atheroprotective genes Timp3 and Reck by downregulating microRNA-205 through regulation of the Rprd2-Dgcr8/Ddx5-Dicer1 biogenesis pathway. Conclusion: Our findings provide the first direct evidence that IL-32α is an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic cytokine that may be useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic protein in atherosclerosis.
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31
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Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Ortega VA, Hernández-Lizoain JL, Baixauli J, Becerril S, Rotellar F, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Salvador J, Frühbeck G. IL-32α-induced inflammation constitutes a link between obesity and colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328338. [PMID: 28811968 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that adipose tissue inflammation is an important mechanism whereby obesity promotes cancer risk and progression. Since IL-32 is an important inflammatory and remodeling factor in obesity and is also related to colon cancer (CC) development, the aim of this study was to explore whether IL-32 could function as an inflammatory factor in human obesity-associated CC promoting a microenvironment favorable for tumor growth. Samples obtained from 84 subjects [27 lean (LN) and 57 obese (OB)] were used in the study. Enrolled subjects were further subclassified according to the established diagnostic protocol for CC (49 without CC and 35 with CC). We show, for the first time, that obesity (p = 0.009) and CC (p = 0.026) increase circulating concentrations of IL-32α. Consistently, we further showed that gene (p < 0.05) and protein (p < 0.01) expression levels of IL-32α were upregulated in VAT from obese patients with CC. Additionally, we revealed that IL32 expression levels are enhanced by hypoxia and inflammation-related factors in HT-29 CC cells as well as that IL-32α is involved in the upregulation of inflammation (IL8, TNF, and CCL2) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (SPP1 and MMP9) genes in HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we also demonstrate that the adipocyte-conditioned medium obtained from obese patients stimulates (p < 0.05) the expression of IL32 in human CC cells. These findings provide evidence of the potential involvement of IL-32 in the development of obesity-associated CC as a pro-inflammatory and ECM remodeling cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor A Ortega
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rotellar
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Boshtam M, Asgary S, Kouhpayeh S, Shariati L, Khanahmad H. Aptamers Against Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Review. Inflammation 2017; 40:340-349. [PMID: 27878687 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders result from continuous inflammation in injured sites. Many molecules are involved in this process; the inhibition of which could prevent the inflammation. Chemokines are a group of these biological mediators which are categorized into pro-, anti-, and pro-/anti-inflammatory. Thus, targeting these essential molecules can be an effective way for prevention and control of inflammatory diseases. Various therapeutic agents have been developed for primary and secondary prevention of these disorders, but each of them has its own limitations. Aptamers, as novel therapeutic agents, are a new generation of drugs which could replace other medications even antibodies. Aptamer can bind to its target molecule to trap it and prohibit its function. Among large group of inflammatory cytokines, only 11 aptamers have been selected either against cytokines or their related receptors. These cytokines include interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-17, IL-32, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL2, and IP-10. Most of the isolated aptamers are against pro-inflammatory or dual function cytokines, and it seems that they could be used for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the related inflammatory diseases. Most of the aptamers have been tested in vitro, but so far, none of them has been approved for in vivo use. Given a vast number of inflammatory cytokines, more aptamers against this group of biological molecules will be selected in the near future. The available aptamers will also be tested in clinical trials. Therefore, a significant improvement is expected for the prevention and control of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seddigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Lee S, Choi DK, Kwak A, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Gil G, Kim E, Yoo KH, Kim IA, Lee Y, Jhun H, Chan ED, Bai X, Kim H, Kim YS, Kim S. IL-32-induced Inflammatory Cytokines Are Selectively Suppressed by α1-antitrypsin in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Immune Netw 2017; 17:116-120. [PMID: 28458623 PMCID: PMC5407983 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of interleukin (IL)-32 in bone marrow (BM) inflammation is crucial in graft versus host disease (GvHD) that is a common side effect of allogeneic BM transplantation. Clinical trials on α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in patients with GvHD are based on the preliminary human and mouse studies on AAT reducing the severity of GvHD. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is an IL-32-binding protein that was isolated from human urine. IL-32 primarily induces inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells, probably due to PR3 expression on the membrane of the myeloid lineage cells. The inhibitory activity of AAT on serine proteinases may explain the anti-inflammatory effect of AAT on GvHD. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT on BM cells remains unclear. Mouse BM cells were treated with IL-32γ and different inflammatory stimuli to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of AAT. Recombinant AAT-Fc fusion protein inhibited IL-32γ-induced IL-6 expression in BM cells, but failed to suppress that induced by other stimuli. In addition, the binding of IL-32γ to PR3 was abrogated by AAT-Fc. The data suggest that the specific anti-inflammatory effect of AAT in mouse BM cells is due to the blocking of IL-32 binding to membrane PR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Dong-Ki Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Areum Kwak
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Tam Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Gaae Gil
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - In Ae Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea
| | - Edward D Chan
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Xiyuan Bai
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Davegårdh C, Broholm C, Perfilyev A, Henriksen T, García-Calzón S, Peijs L, Hansen NS, Volkov P, Kjøbsted R, Wojtaszewski JFP, Pedersen M, Pedersen BK, Ballak DB, Dinarello CA, Heinhuis B, Joosten LAB, Nilsson E, Vaag A, Scheele C, Ling C. Abnormal epigenetic changes during differentiation of human skeletal muscle stem cells from obese subjects. BMC Med 2017; 15:39. [PMID: 28222718 PMCID: PMC5320752 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skeletal muscle stem cells are important for muscle regeneration. However, the combined genome-wide DNA methylation and expression changes taking place during adult myogenesis have not been described in detail and novel myogenic factors may be discovered. Additionally, obesity is associated with low relative muscle mass and diminished metabolism. Epigenetic alterations taking place during myogenesis might contribute to these defects. METHODS We used Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit (Illumina) and HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip (Illumina) to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation and transcription before versus after differentiation of primary human myoblasts from 14 non-obese and 14 obese individuals. Functional follow-up experiments were performed using siRNA mediated gene silencing in primary human myoblasts and a transgenic mouse model. RESULTS We observed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and expression patterns during differentiation of primary human muscle stem cells (myoblasts). We identified epigenetic and transcriptional changes of myogenic transcription factors (MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, MYF6, PAX7, MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D), cell cycle regulators, metabolic enzymes and genes previously not linked to myogenesis, including IL32, metallothioneins, and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoproteins. Functional studies demonstrated IL-32 as a novel target that regulates human myogenesis, insulin sensitivity and ATP levels in muscle cells. Furthermore, IL32 transgenic mice had reduced insulin response and muscle weight. Remarkably, approximately 3.7 times more methylation changes (147,161 versus 39,572) were observed during differentiation of myoblasts from obese versus non-obese subjects. In accordance, DNMT1 expression increased during myogenesis only in obese subjects. Interestingly, numerous genes implicated in metabolic diseases and epigenetic regulation showed differential methylation and expression during differentiation only in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies IL-32 as a novel myogenic regulator, provides a comprehensive map of the dynamic epigenome during differentiation of human muscle stem cells and reveals abnormal epigenetic changes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Davegårdh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Christa Broholm
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Tora Henriksen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia García-Calzón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Lone Peijs
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dov B Ballak
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Heinhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Early Clinical Development, Translational Medical Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.
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Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a novel cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer development. IL-32 gene consists of eight small exons, and IL-32 mRNA has nine alternative spliced isoforms, and was thought to be secreted because it contains an internal signal sequence and lacks a transmembrane region. IL-32 is initially expressed selectively in activated T cells by mitogen and activated NK cells and their expression is strongly augmented by microbes, mitogens, and other cytokines. The IL-32 is induced mainly by pathogens and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but IL-32 is more prominent in immune cells than in non-immune tissues. The IL-32 transcript is expressed in various human tissues and organs such as the spleen, thymus, leukocyte, lung, small intestine, colon, prostate, heart, placenta, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. Cytokines are critical components of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and a variety of other physiological functions. Earlier studies have demonstrated that IL-32 regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and is therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of inflammatory diseases. Previous studies defined that IL-32 is upregulated in the patients with several inflammatory diseases, and is induced by inflammatory responses. However, several reports suggested that IL-32 is downregulated in several inflammatory diseases including asthma, HIV infection disease, neuronal diseases, metabolic disorders, experimental colitis and metabolic disorders. IL-32 is also involved in various cancer malignancies including renal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colon cancer and thyroid carcinoma. Other studies suggested that IL-32 decreases tumor development including cervical cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, review articles that discuss the roles and its mechanism of IL-32 isoforms focusing on the therapeutic approaches have not yet been reported. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding IL-32 in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32. Moreover, we will suggest that IL-32 could be the target of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting IL-32 may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Research and Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Lab 260, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Interleukin-32 Gamma Stimulates Bone Formation by Increasing miR-29a in Osteoblastic Cells and Prevents the Development of Osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40240. [PMID: 28079119 PMCID: PMC5228062 DOI: 10.1038/srep40240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 gamma (IL-32γ) is a recently discovered cytokine that is elevated in inflamed tissues and contributes to pathogenic features of bone in human inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nevertheless, the role of IL-32γ and its direct involvement in bone metabolism is unclear. We investigated the molecular mechanism of IL-32γ in bone remodeling and the hypothetical correlation between IL-32γ and disease activity in osteoporosis patients. Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human IL-32γ showed reduced bone loss with advancing age, increased bone formation, and high osteogenic capacity of osteoblast compared to wild-type (WT) mice through the upregulation of miR-29a, which caused a reduction of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) expression. IL-32γ TG mice were protected against ovariectomy (OVX)induced osteoporosis compared with WT mice. Decreased plasma IL-32γ levels were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in human patients linked to increased DKK1 levels. These results indicate that IL-32γ plays a protective role for bone loss, providing clinical evidence of a negative correlation between IL-32γ and DKK1 as bone metabolic markers.
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Jung YY, Katila N, Neupane S, Shadfar S, Ojha U, Bhurtel S, Srivastav S, Son DJ, Park PH, Yoon DY, Hong JT, Choi DY. Enhanced dopaminergic neurotoxicity mediated by MPTP in IL-32β transgenic mice. Neurochem Int 2016; 102:79-88. [PMID: 27956238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by prominent loss of the nigral dopaminergic neurons and motor symptoms, such as resting tremor and bradykinesia. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may play a critical role in PD pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-32 is a newly-identified proinflammatory cytokine, which regulates innate and adaptive immune responses by activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. The cytokine has been implicated in cancers and autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. In this study, we attempted to identify the effects of IL-32β on dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), using IL-32β transgenic mice. Male wild type and IL-32β transgenic mice received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or MPTP (15 mg/kg × 4). Immunohistochemistry showed that overexpression of IL-32β significantly increased MPTP-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and deletion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers in the striatum. Dopamine depletion in the striatum and deficit in locomotor activity were enhanced in IL-32β transgenic mice. These results were accompanied by higher neuroinflammatory responses in the brains of transgenic mice. Finally, we found that IL-32β exaggerated MPTP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, which have been shown to be involved in MPTP neurotoxicity. These results suggest that IL-32β exacerbates MPTP neurotoxicity through enhanced neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yeon Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwang Yang Health College, Gwangyang 57764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabita Neupane
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sina Shadfar
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Uttam Ojha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunil Srivastav
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Park MH, Yoon DY, Ban JO, Kim DH, Lee DH, Song S, Kim Y, Han SB, Lee HP, Hong JT. Decreased severity of collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis in human IL-32β overexpressed transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38566-77. [PMID: 26497686 PMCID: PMC4770721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32, mainly produced by T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, epithelial cells, and blood monocytes, is dominantly known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, the role of IL-32 on inflammatory disease has been doubtful according to diverse conflicting results. This study was designed to examine the role of IL-32β on the development of collagen antibody (CAIA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory arthritis. Our data showed that the paw swelling volume and clinical score were significantly reduced in the CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice compared with non-transgenic mice. The populations of cytotoxic T, NK and dendritic cells was inhibited and NF-κB and STAT3 activities were significantly lowered in the CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins was prevented in the paw tissues of CAIA and LPS-treated IL-32β transgenic mice. In addition, IL-32β altered several cytokine levels in the blood, spleen and paw joint. Our data indicates that IL-32β comprehensively inhibits the inflammation responses in the CAIA and LPS-induced inflammatory arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Immunobiochemistry, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong 1, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Ban
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheong-ju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Yun J, Gu SM, Yun HM, Son DJ, Park MH, Lee MS, Hong JT. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is ameliorated in interleukin-32 alpha transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40452-63. [PMID: 26564962 PMCID: PMC4747345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminate, is an inflammatory disease in which myelin in the spinal cord and brain are damaged. IL-32α is known as a critical molecule in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pulmonary disease, and cancers. However, the role of IL-32α on spinal cord injuries and demyelination is poorly understood. Recently, we reported that the release of proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in IL-32α-overexpressing transgenic mice. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32α plays a role on MS using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental mouse model of MS, in human IL-32α Tg mice. The Tg mice were immunized with MOG35-55 suspended in CFA emulsion followed by pertussis toxin, and then EAE paralysis of mice was scored. We observed that the paralytic severity and neuropathology of EAE in IL-32α Tg mice were significantly decreased compared with that of non-Tg mice. The immune cells infiltration, astrocytes/microglials activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) levels in spinal cord were suppressed in IL-32α Tg mice. Furthermore, NG2 and O4 were decreased in IL-32α Tg mice, indicating that spinal cord damaging was suppressed. In addition, in vitro assay also revealed that IL-32α has a preventive role against Con A stimulation which is evidenced by decrease in T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine levels in IL-32α overexpressed Jurkat cell. Taken together, our findings suggested that IL-32α may play a protective role in EAE by suppressing neuroinflammation in spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Yun
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Soon Lee
- College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Huang F, Wachi S, Liu H, Jung SS, August A. IL-32B is the predominant isoform expressed under inflammatory conditions in vitro and in COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40749-015-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bai X, Dinarello CA, Chan ED. The role of interleukin-32 against tuberculosis. Cytokine 2015; 76:585-587. [PMID: 26144292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-32 is increasingly recognized to be an important host-protective molecule against tuberculosis. In this commentary, we highlight some of the potential mechanisms by which the immunomodulatory effect of IL-32 occurs against mycobacterial infections but also areas where mechanistic clarifications are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, D509, Neustadt Building, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045-2539, United States
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045-2539, United States
| | - Edward D Chan
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, D509, Neustadt Building, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045-2539, United States.
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Park GB, Hur DY, Kim YS, Lee HK, Yang JW, Kim D. TLR3/TRIF signalling pathway regulates IL-32 and IFN-β secretion through activation of RIP-1 and TRAF in the human cornea. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1042-54. [PMID: 25754842 PMCID: PMC4420606 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and RNA helicase retinoic-acid-inducible protein-1 (RIG-I) serve as cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNA components. In this study, we investigated how the TLR3 and RIG-I signalling pathway was stimulated by viral infection to produce interleukin (IL)-32-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon in the corneal epithelium using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected human cornea epithelial cells (HCECs/EBV) as a model of viral keratitis. Increased TLR3 and RIG-I that are responded to EBV-encoded RNA 1 and 2 (EBER1 and EBER2) induced the secretion of IL-32-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN-β through up-regulation of TRIF/TRAF family proteins or RIP-1. TRIF silencing or TLR3 inhibitors more efficiently inhibited sequential phosphorylation of TAK1, TBK1, NF-κB and IRFs to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN-β than RIG-I-siRNA transfection in HCECs/EBV. Blockade of RIP-1, which connects the TLR3 and RIG-I pathways, significantly blocked the TLR3/TRIF-mediated and RIG-I-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN-β production in HCECs/EBV. These findings demonstrate that TLR3/TRIF-dependent signalling pathway against viral RNA might be a main target to control inflammation and anti-viral responses in the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Bin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Ocular Neovascular disease Research Center, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Ocular Neovascular disease Research Center, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yang
- Ocular Neovascular disease Research Center, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Ocular Neovascular disease Research Center, Inje University Busan Paik HospitalBusan, Korea
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Human IL-32 expression protects mice against a hypervirulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5111-6. [PMID: 25820174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424302112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of interleukin-32 (IL-32) in a differentiated human promonocytic cell line impairs killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) but the role of IL-32 in vivo against MTB remains unknown. To study the effects of IL-32 in vivo, a transgenic mouse was generated in which the human IL-32γ gene is expressed using the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-IL-32γTg). Wild-type and SPC-IL-32γTg mice were infected with a low-dose aerosol of a hypervirulent strain of MTB (W-Beijing HN878). At 30 and 60 d after infection, the transgenic mice had 66% and 85% fewer MTB in the lungs and 49% and 68% fewer MTB in the spleens, respectively; the transgenic mice also exhibited greater survival. Increased numbers of host-protective innate and adaptive immune cells were present in SPC-IL-32γTg mice, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) positive lung macrophages and dendritic cells, and IFN-gamma (IFNγ) and TNFα positive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Alveolar macrophages from transgenic mice infected with MTB ex vivo had reduced bacterial burden and increased colocalization of green fluorescent protein-labeled MTB with lysosomes. Furthermore, mouse macrophages made to express IL-32γ but not the splice variant IL-32β were better able to limit MTB growth than macrophages capable of producing both. The lungs of patients with tuberculosis showed increased IL-32 expression, particularly in macrophages of granulomas and airway epithelial cells but also B cells and T cells. We conclude that IL-32γ enhances host immunity to MTB.
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Lee DH, Hong JE, Yun HM, Hwang CJ, Park JH, Han SB, Yoon DY, Song MJ, Hong JT. Interleukin-32β ameliorates metabolic disorder and liver damage in mice fed high-fat diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:615-22. [PMID: 25645248 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic excessive food intake leads to energy imbalance, resulting in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is known to be a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with chronic inflammation and cancer. Therefore, the relationship between IL-32 and chronic excessive food intake-induced liver disease was investigated. METHODS Male IL-32β transgenic and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. They were compared with wild-type mice on a standard chow diet. Daily food intake, body and liver weight, serum biochemistry, histopathological analysis of the liver, and hepatic immune response were determined. RESULTS IL-32β mice on HFD showed lower lipid accumulation, reduced infiltration of immune cells, and lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. The expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was downregulated and the adenosine 50-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated in the liver of IL-32β mice compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, IL-32β over-expression activated the AMPK pathway and IL-32β downregulation inactivated the AMPK pathway in HepG2 cells under high-glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IL-32β modulates lipid accumulation through inhibition of PPARγ expression and AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Interleukin-32γ attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by the inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and inflammatory responses. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:695-706. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a major type of chronic liver disease worldwide. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a novel cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer development. However, the role of IL-32 in chronic liver disease has not been reported. In the present paper, we tested the effect of IL-32γ on ethanol-induced liver injury in IL-32γ-overexpressing transgenic mice (IL-32γ mice) after chronic ethanol feeding. Male C57BL/6 and IL-32γ mice (10–12 weeks old) were fed on a Lieber–DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 6 weeks. IL-32γ-transfected HepG2 and Huh7 cells, as well as primary hepatocytes from IL-32γ mice, were treated with or without ethanol. The hepatic steatosis and damage induced by ethanol administration were attenuated in IL-32γ mice. Ethanol-induced cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and hydrogen peroxide levels were decreased in the livers of IL-32γ mice, primary hepatocytes from IL-32γ mice and IL-32γ-overexpressing human hepatic cells. The ethanol-induced expression levels of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-6 were reduced in the livers of IL-32γ mice. Because nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) is a key redox transcription factor of inflammatory responses, we examined NF-κB activity. Ethanol-induced NF-κB activities were significantly lower in the livers of IL-32γ mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, reduced infiltration of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T-cells and macrophages in the liver after ethanol administration was observed in IL-32γ mice. These data suggest that IL-32γ prevents ethanol-induced hepatic injury via the inhibition of oxidative damage and inflammatory responses.
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Khawar B, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. A panoramic spectrum of complex interplay between the immune system and IL-32 during pathogenesis of various systemic infections and inflammation. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:7. [PMID: 25626592 PMCID: PMC4322809 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines have always been of great interest due to their vast potential and participation in the progression and pathogenesis of various ailments. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a recently identified cytokine, whose gene is located on human chromosome 16 p13.3, with eight exons and six splice variants (IL-32α to IL-32ζ). IL-32α, the most abundant form, is secreted by different types of cells including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. It acts as a preferential mediator and effector of abnormal immune responses to multiple inflammatory and auto immune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), etc. It was found to stimulate the induction of various chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Hence, IL-32 mediates the crucial interplay among immune system and body cells during pathogenesis of various insults. The aim of the present effort is to summarize the role, mechanism of pathogenesis and potential therapeutic applications of IL-32 in different systemic infections and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Khawar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Department of Zoology, Governments. College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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IL-32θ downregulates CCL5 expression through its interaction with PKCδ and STAT3. Cell Signal 2014; 26:3007-15. [PMID: 25280942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) exists in several isoforms and plays an important role in inflammatory response. Recently, we identified a new isoform, IL-32θ, and performed a microarray analysis to identify IL-32θ-regulated genes in THP-1 myelomonocytic cells. Upon stimulating IL-32θ-expressing THP-1 cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), we found that the CCL5 transcript level was significantly reduced. We confirmed the downregulation of CCL5 protein expression by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Because STAT3 phosphorylation on Ser727 by PKCδ is reported to suppress CCL5 protein expression, we examined whether IL-32θ-mediated STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation occurs through an interaction with PKCδ. In this study, we first demonstrate that IL-32θ interacts with PKCδ and STAT3 using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and pulldown assay. Moreover, STAT3 was rarely phosphorylated on Ser727 in the absence of IL-32θ, leading to the binding of STAT3 to the CCL5 promoter. These results indicate that IL-32θ, through its interaction with PKCδ, downregulates CCL5 expression by mediating the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Ser727 to render it transcriptionally inactive. Therefore, similar to what we have reported for IL-32α and IL-32β, our data from this study suggests that the newly identified IL-32θ isoform also acts as an intracellular modulator of inflammation.
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IL-32γ overexpression accelerates streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Cytokine 2014; 69:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yun HM, Kim JA, Hwang CJ, Jin P, Baek MK, Lee JM, Hong JE, Lee SM, Han SB, Oh KW, Choi DY, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Neuroinflammatory and Amyloidogenic Activities of IL-32β in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:341-52. [PMID: 25159479 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32β can act as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines with being dependent on the status of disease development. Herein, we investigated whether IL-32β overexpression changes cytokine levels and affects amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced pro-inflammation in the brain. IL-32β transgenic (Tg) mice and non-Tg mice were intracerebroventricularly infused with Aβ1-42 once a day for 14 days, and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Our data showed that IL-32β Tg mice increased memory impairment, glia activation, amyloidogenesis, and neuroinflammation. The expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Iba1, and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) in the cortex and hippocampus was much higher in the Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was much higher in Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. We also found that cytokines including IP-10, GM-CSF, JE, IL-13, and interferone-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC) were elevated in Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. These results suggest that IL-32β could activate NF-κB and STAT3, and thus affect neuroinflammation as well as amyloidogenesis, leading to worsening memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, South Korea
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Kang JW, Park YS, Kim MS, Lee DH, Bak Y, Ham SY, Song YS, Hong JT, Yoon DY. IL-32α down-regulates β2 integrin (CD18) expression by suppressing PU.1 expression in myeloid cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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