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Zhou L, Na J, Liu X, Wu P. Chromophore-Assisted Light Inactivation for Protein Degradation and Its Application in Biomedicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:651. [PMID: 39061733 PMCID: PMC11273424 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional investigation of proteins holds immense significance in unraveling physiological and pathological mechanisms of organisms as well as advancing the development of novel pharmaceuticals in biomedicine. However, the study of cellular protein function using conventional genetic manipulation methods may yield unpredictable outcomes and erroneous conclusions. Therefore, precise modulation of protein activity within cells holds immense significance in the realm of biomedical research. Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a technique that labels photosensitizers onto target proteins and induces the production of reactive oxygen species through light control to achieve precise inactivation of target proteins. Based on the type and characteristics of photosensitizers, different excitation light sources and labeling methods are selected. For instance, KillerRed forms a fusion protein with the target protein through genetic engineering for labeling and inactivates the target protein via light activation. CALI is presently predominantly employed in diverse biomedical domains encompassing investigations into protein functionality and interaction, intercellular signal transduction research, as well as cancer exploration and therapy. With the continuous advancement of CALI technology, it is anticipated to emerge as a formidable instrument in the realm of life sciences, yielding more captivating outcomes for fundamental life sciences and precise disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvjia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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2
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Jiang WI, Cao Y, Xue Y, Ji Y, Winer BY, Zhang M, Singhal NS, Pierce JT, Chen S, Ma DK. Suppressing APOE4-induced mortality and cellular damage by targeting VHL. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582664. [PMID: 38464138 PMCID: PMC10925324 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mortality rate increases with age and can accelerate upon extrinsic or intrinsic damage to individuals. Identifying factors and mechanisms that curb population mortality rate has wide-ranging implications. Here, we show that targeting the VHL-1 (Von Hippel-Lindau) protein suppresses C. elegans mortality caused by distinct factors, including elevated reactive oxygen species, temperature, and APOE4, the genetic variant that confers high risks of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's diseases and all-cause mortality in humans. These mortality factors are of different physical-chemical nature, yet result in similar cellular dysfunction and damage that are suppressed by deleting VHL-1. Stabilized HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor), a transcription factor normally targeted for degradation by VHL-1, recapitulates the protective effects of deleting VHL-1. HIF-1 orchestrates a genetic program that defends against mitochondrial abnormalities, excess oxidative stress, cellular proteostasis dysregulation, and endo-lysosomal rupture, key events that lead to mortality. Genetic Vhl inhibition also alleviates cerebral vascular injury and synaptic lesions in APOE4 mice, supporting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Collectively, we identify the VHL-HIF axis as a potent modifier of APOE4 and mortality and propose that targeting VHL-HIF in non-proliferative animal tissues may suppress tissue injuries and mortality by broadly curbing cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei I. Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yiming Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Neel S. Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, The Center for Learning and Memory, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengke K. Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Meng J, Ahamed T, Yu B, Hung W, EI Mouridi S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wen Q, Boulin T, Gao S, Zhen M. A tonically active master neuron modulates mutually exclusive motor states at two timescales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0002. [PMID: 38598630 PMCID: PMC11006214 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Continuity of behaviors requires animals to make smooth transitions between mutually exclusive behavioral states. Neural principles that govern these transitions are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans spontaneously switch between two opposite motor states, forward and backward movement, a phenomenon thought to reflect the reciprocal inhibition between interneurons AVB and AVA. Here, we report that spontaneous locomotion and their corresponding motor circuits are not separately controlled. AVA and AVB are neither functionally equivalent nor strictly reciprocally inhibitory. AVA, but not AVB, maintains a depolarized membrane potential. While AVA phasically inhibits the forward promoting interneuron AVB at a fast timescale, it maintains a tonic, extrasynaptic excitation on AVB over the longer timescale. We propose that AVA, with tonic and phasic activity of opposite polarities on different timescales, acts as a master neuron to break the symmetry between the underlying forward and backward motor circuits. This master neuron model offers a parsimonious solution for sustained locomotion consisted of mutually exclusive motor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tosif Ahamed
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia EI Mouridi
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zezhen Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Thomas Boulin
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mei Zhen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Shkarina K, Broz P. Selective induction of programmed cell death using synthetic biology tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:74-92. [PMID: 37598045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) controls the removal of dispensable, infected or malignant cells, and is thus essential for development, homeostasis and immunity of multicellular organisms. Over the last years different forms of RCD have been described (among them apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), and the cellular signaling pathways that control their induction and execution have been characterized at the molecular level. It has also become apparent that different forms of RCD differ in their capacity to elicit inflammation or an immune response, and that RCD pathways show a remarkable plasticity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that inhibition of a given pathway often results in the activation of back-up cell death mechanisms, highlighting close interconnectivity based on shared signaling components and the assembly of multivalent signaling platforms that can initiate different forms of RCD. Due to this interconnectivity and the pleiotropic effects of 'classical' cell death inducers, it is challenging to study RCD pathways in isolation. This has led to the development of tools based on synthetic biology that allow the targeted induction of RCD using chemogenetic or optogenetic methods. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of such toolset, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and their application for the study of RCD in cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shkarina
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Frolova AY, Pakhomov AA, Kakuev DL, Sungurova AS, Dremina AA, Mamontova ED, Deyev SM, Martynov VI. Hybrid protein-peptide system for the selective pH-dependent binding and photodynamic ablation of cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 249:112803. [PMID: 37924677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Creating new tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer is one of the most important and intensively developing areas of modern medicine. Currently, photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) is attracting increasing attention as a unique modality of minimally invasive treatment and due to the absence of acquired resistance. However, PDT is associated with undesirable activities, such as non-specific photodynamic effects of sunlight on healthy tissues. Therefore, an important fundamental task is the development of improved PDT agents that selectively act on the affected areas. Here, we report the development of a hybrid protein-peptide system for the selective pH-dependent binding and subsequent photodynamic cancer cells ablation. It is known that a distinctive feature of cancer cells is a decreased pH level in the extracellular space. In this study we exploited a peptide fragment (pHLIP) as a targeting module, which spontaneously binds and embeds into the cell membrane when pH decreases below neutral. A mutant of miniSOG protein fused to pHLIP was used as a photosensitizing constituent. We demonstrate that this protein-peptide photosensitizing system selectively binds to HeLa cells at pH below 6.8 and kills them when exposed to light. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using genetically encoded MiniSOG fusions with pHLIP for the targeted delivery of PSs to cancer cells and subsequent highly precise photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu Frolova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Pakhomov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry L Kakuev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S Sungurova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya A Dremina
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta D Mamontova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Martynov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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6
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Shkarina K, Broz P. Optogenetic Induction of Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, and Apoptosis in Mammalian Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4762. [PMID: 37497455 PMCID: PMC10366993 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death plays a key role in immunity, development, and homeostasis, but is also associated with a number of pathologies such as autoinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, despite the extensive mechanistic research of different cell death modalities, the direct comparison of different forms of cell death and their consequences on the cellular and tissue level remain poorly characterized. Comparative studies are hindered by the mechanistic and kinetic differences between cell death modalities, as well as the inability to selectively induce different cell death programs in an individual cell within cell populations or tissues. In this method, we present a protocol for rapid and specific optogenetic activation of three major types of programmed cell death: apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, using light-induced forced oligomerization of their major effector proteins (caspases or kinases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shkarina
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Choi U, Hu M, Zhang Q, Sieburth D. The head mesodermal cell couples FMRFamide neuropeptide signaling with rhythmic muscle contraction in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4218. [PMID: 37452027 PMCID: PMC10349088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
FMRFamides are evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides that play critical roles in behavior, energy balance, and reproduction. Here, we show that FMRFamide signaling from the nervous system is critical for the rhythmic activation of a single cell of previously unknown function, the head mesodermal cell (hmc) in C. elegans. Behavioral, calcium imaging, and genetic studies reveal that release of the FLP-22 neuropeptide from the AVL neuron in response to pacemaker signaling activates hmc every 50 s through an frpr-17 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a protein kinase A signaling cascade in hmc. hmc activation results in muscle contraction through coupling by gap junctions composed of UNC-9/Innexin. hmc activation is inhibited by the neuronal release of a second FMRFamide-like neuropeptide, FLP-9, which functions through its GPCR, frpr-21, in hmc. This study reveals a function for two opposing FMRFamide signaling pathways in controlling the rhythmic activation of a target cell through volume transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Choi
- DSR graduate program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mingxi Hu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qixin Zhang
- MPHY program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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8
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Peng JY, Liu X, Zeng XT, Hao Y, Zhang JH, Li Q, Tong XJ. Early pheromone perception remodels neurodevelopment and accelerates neurodegeneration in adult C. elegans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112598. [PMID: 37289584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases are mainly caused by protein aggregation. The etiologies of these neurodegenerative diseases share a chemical environment. However, how chemical cues modulate neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we found that in Caenorhabditis elegans, exposure to pheromones in the L1 stage accelerates neurodegeneration in adults. Perception of pheromones ascr#3 and ascr#10 is mediated by chemosensory neurons ASK and ASI. ascr#3 perceived by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) DAF-38 in ASK activates glutamatergic transmission into AIA interneurons. ascr#10 perceived by GPCR STR-2 in ASI activates the secretion of neuropeptide NLP-1, which binds to the NPR-11 receptor in AIA. Activation of both ASI and ASK is required and sufficient to remodel neurodevelopment via AIA, which triggers insulin-like signaling and inhibits autophagy in adult neurons non-cell-autonomously. Our work reveals how pheromone perception at the early developmental stage modulates neurodegeneration in adults and provides insights into how the external environment impacts neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuqing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xian-Ting Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Li
- Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Jing Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Konrad KR, Gao S, Zurbriggen MD, Nagel G. Optogenetic Methods in Plant Biology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:313-339. [PMID: 37216203 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071122-094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light. Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner. Since the introduction of Channelrhodopsin-2 and phytochrome-based switches nearly 20 years ago, optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants. For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties. We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels and present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants. Furthermore, we highlight the technical requirements and options for future plant optogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Konrad
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ,
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ,
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10
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Hardege I, Morud J, Courtney A, Schafer WR. A Novel and Functionally Diverse Class of Acetylcholine-Gated Ion Channels. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1111-1124. [PMID: 36604172 PMCID: PMC9962794 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1516-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast cholinergic neurotransmission is mediated by acetylcholine-gated ion channels; in particular, excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play well established roles in virtually all nervous systems. Acetylcholine-gated inhibitory channels have also been identified in some invertebrate phyla, yet their roles in the nervous system are less well understood. We report the existence of multiple new inhibitory ion channels with diverse ligand activation properties in Caenorhabditis elegans We identify three channels, LGC-40, LGC-57, and LGC-58, whose primary ligand is choline rather than acetylcholine, as well as the first evidence of a truly polymodal channel, LGC-39, which is activated by both cholinergic and aminergic ligands. Using our new ligand-receptor pairs we uncover the surprising extent to which single neurons in the hermaphrodite nervous system express both excitatory and inhibitory channels, not only for acetylcholine but also for the other major neurotransmitters. The results presented in this study offer new insight into the potential evolutionary benefit of a vast and diverse repertoire of ligand-gated ion channels to generate complexity in an anatomically compact nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we describe the diversity of cholinergic signaling in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans We identify and characterize a novel family of ligand-gated ion channels and show that they are preferentially gated by choline rather than acetylcholine and expressed broadly in the nervous system. Interestingly, we also identify one channel gated by chemically diverse ligands including acetylcholine and aminergic ligands. By using our new knowledge of these ligand-gated ion channels, we built a model to predict the synaptic polarity in the C. elegans connectome. This model can be used for generating hypotheses on neural circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hardege
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Morud
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Courtney
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - William R Schafer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Vettkötter D, Schneider M, Goulden BD, Dill H, Liewald J, Zeiler S, Guldan J, Ateş YA, Watanabe S, Gottschalk A. Rapid and reversible optogenetic silencing of synaptic transmission by clustering of synaptic vesicles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7827. [PMID: 36535932 PMCID: PMC9763335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acutely silencing specific neurons informs about their functional roles in circuits and behavior. Existing optogenetic silencers include ion pumps, channels, metabotropic receptors, and tools that damage the neurotransmitter release machinery. While the former hyperpolarize the cell, alter ionic gradients or cellular biochemistry, the latter allow only slow recovery, requiring de novo synthesis. Thus, tools combining fast activation and reversibility are needed. Here, we use light-evoked homo-oligomerization of cryptochrome CRY2 to silence synaptic transmission, by clustering synaptic vesicles (SVs). We benchmark this tool, optoSynC, in Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, and murine hippocampal neurons. optoSynC clusters SVs, observable by electron microscopy. Locomotion silencing occurs with tauon ~7.2 s and recovers with tauoff ~6.5 min after light-off. optoSynC can inhibit exocytosis for several hours, at very low light intensities, does not affect ion currents, biochemistry or synaptic proteins, and may further allow manipulating different SV pools and the transfer of SVs between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Vettkötter
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brady D Goulden
- Department of Cell Biology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Holger Dill
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Liewald
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Zeiler
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Guldan
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Master Program Interdisciplinary Neurosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yilmaz Arda Ateş
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Master Program Interdisciplinary Neurosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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12
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Sessler CD, Zhou Y, Wang W, Hartley ND, Fu Z, Graykowski D, Sheng M, Wang X, Liu J. Optogenetic polymerization and assembly of electrically functional polymers for modulation of single-neuron excitability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1136. [PMID: 36475786 PMCID: PMC9728971 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductivity and membrane capacitance are two foundational parameters that govern neuron excitability. Conventional optogenetics has emerged as a powerful tool to temporarily manipulate membrane ionic conductivity in intact biological systems. However, no analogous method exists for precisely manipulating cell membrane capacitance to enable long-lasting modulation of neuronal excitability. Genetically targetable chemical assembly of conductive and insulating polymers can modulate cell membrane capacitance, but further development of this technique has been hindered by poor spatiotemporal control of the polymer deposition and cytotoxicity from the widely diffused peroxide. We address these issues by harnessing genetically targetable photosensitizer proteins to assemble electrically functional polymers in neurons with precise spatiotemporal control. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrate that this optogenetic polymerization can achieve stepwise modulation of both neuron membrane capacitance and intrinsic excitability. Furthermore, cytotoxicity can be limited by controlling light exposure, demonstrating a promising new method for precisely modulating cell excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan D. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nolan D. Hartley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhanyan Fu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Graykowski
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Lu Y, Ahamed T, Mulcahy B, Meng J, Witvliet D, Guan SA, Holmyard D, Hung W, Wen Q, Chisholm AD, Samuel ADT, Zhen M. Extrasynaptic signaling enables an asymmetric juvenile motor circuit to produce symmetric undulation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4631-4644.e5. [PMID: 36182701 PMCID: PMC9643663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In many animals, there is a direct correspondence between the motor patterns that drive locomotion and the motor neuron innervation. For example, the adult C. elegans moves with symmetric and alternating dorsal-ventral bending waves arising from symmetric motor neuron input onto the dorsal and ventral muscles. In contrast to the adult, the C. elegans motor circuit at the juvenile larval stage has asymmetric wiring between motor neurons and muscles but still generates adult-like bending waves with dorsal-ventral symmetry. We show that in the juvenile circuit, wiring between excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons coordinates the contraction of dorsal muscles with relaxation of ventral muscles, producing dorsal bends. However, ventral bending is not driven by analogous wiring. Instead, ventral muscles are excited uniformly by premotor interneurons through extrasynaptic signaling. Ventral bends occur in anti-phasic entrainment to activity of the same motor neurons that drive dorsal bends. During maturation, the juvenile motor circuit is replaced by two motor subcircuits that separately drive dorsal and ventral bending. Modeling reveals that the juvenile's immature motor circuit is an adequate solution to generate adult-like dorsal-ventral bending before the animal matures. Developmental rewiring between functionally degenerate circuit solutions, which both generate symmetric bending patterns, minimizes behavioral disruption across maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangning Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Tosif Ahamed
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Witvliet
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sihui Asuka Guan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Douglas Holmyard
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aravinthan D T Samuel
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mei Zhen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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14
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Yu YV, Xue W, Chen Y. Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101368. [PMID: 36291302 PMCID: PMC9599712 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration refers to sensory inputs from different sensory modalities being processed simultaneously to produce a unitary output. Surrounded by stimuli from multiple modalities, animals utilize multisensory integration to form a coherent and robust representation of the complex environment. Even though multisensory integration is fundamentally essential for animal life, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, especially at the molecular, synaptic and circuit levels, remains poorly understood. The study of sensory perception in Caenorhabditis elegans has begun to fill this gap. We have gained a considerable amount of insight into the general principles of sensory neurobiology owing to C. elegans’ highly sensitive perceptions, relatively simple nervous system, ample genetic tools and completely mapped neural connectome. Many interesting paradigms of multisensory integration have been characterized in C. elegans, for which input convergence occurs at the sensory neuron or the interneuron level. In this narrative review, we describe some representative cases of multisensory integration in C. elegans, summarize the underlying mechanisms and compare them with those in mammalian systems. Despite the differences, we believe C. elegans is able to provide unique insights into how processing and integrating multisensory inputs can generate flexible and adaptive behaviors. With the emergence of whole brain imaging, the ability of C. elegans to monitor nearly the entire nervous system may be crucial for understanding the function of the brain as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxun V. Yu
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Weikang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
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15
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Defunctionalizing intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes with engineered phospholipase A/acyltransferases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4413. [PMID: 35906209 PMCID: PMC9338259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelles vitally achieve multifaceted functions to maintain cellular homeostasis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate individual organelles are powerful in probing their physiological roles. However, many of them are either slow in action, limited to certain organelles, or rely on toxic agents. Here, we design a generalizable molecular tool utilizing phospholipase A/acyltransferases (PLAATs) for rapid defunctionalization of organelles via remodeling of the membrane phospholipids. In particular, we identify catalytically active PLAAT truncates with minimal unfavorable characteristics. Chemically-induced translocation of the optimized PLAAT to the mitochondria surface results in their rapid deformation in a phospholipase activity dependent manner, followed by loss of luminal proteins as well as dissipated membrane potential, thus invalidating the functionality. To demonstrate wide applicability, we then adapt the molecular tool in peroxisomes, and observe leakage of matrix-resident functional proteins. The technique is compatible with optogenetic control, viral delivery and operation in primary neuronal cultures. Due to such versatility, the PLAAT strategy should prove useful in studying organelle biology of diverse contexts.
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16
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Yang YHC, Briant LJB, Raab CA, Mullapudi ST, Maischein HM, Kawakami K, Stainier DYR. Innervation modulates the functional connectivity between pancreatic endocrine cells. eLife 2022; 11:64526. [PMID: 35373736 PMCID: PMC9007585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of pancreatic endocrine cell activity modulation by autonomic innervation has been debated. To investigate this question, we established an in vivo imaging model that also allows chronic and acute neuromodulation with genetic and optogenetic tools. Using the GCaMP6s biosensor together with endocrine cell fluorescent reporters, we imaged calcium dynamics simultaneously in multiple pancreatic islet cell types in live animals in control states and upon changes in innervation. We find that by 4 days post fertilization in zebrafish, a stage when islet architecture is reminiscent of that in adult rodents, prominent activity coupling between beta cells is present in basal glucose conditions. Furthermore, we show that both chronic and acute loss of nerve activity result in diminished beta–beta and alpha–beta activity coupling. Pancreatic nerves are in contact with all islet cell types, but predominantly with beta and delta cells. Surprisingly, a subset of delta cells with detectable peri-islet neural activity coupling had significantly higher homotypic coupling with other delta cells suggesting that some delta cells receive innervation that coordinates their output. Overall, these data show that innervation plays a vital role in the maintenance of homotypic and heterotypic cellular connectivity in pancreatic islets, a process critical for islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Christopher A Raab
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sri Teja Mullapudi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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17
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Yu B, Wang Y, Gao S. Motor Rhythm Dissection From the Backward Circuit in C. elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:845733. [PMID: 35370545 PMCID: PMC8966088 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.845733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor rhythm is initiated and sustained by oscillatory neuronal activity. We recently discovered that the A-class excitatory motor neurons (MNs) (A-MNs) function as intrinsic oscillators. They drive backward locomotion by generating rhythmic postsynaptic currents (rPSCs) in body wall muscles. Molecular underpinning of the rPSCs, however, is not fully elucidated. We report here that there are three types of the rPSC patterns, namely the phasic, tonic, and long-lasting, each with distinct kinetics and channel-dependence. The Na+ leak channel is required for all rPSC patterns. The tonic rPSCs exhibit strong dependence on the high-voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Three K+ channels, the BK-type Ca2+-activated K+ channel, Na+-activated K+ channel, and voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv4), primarily inhibit tonic and long-lasting rPSCs with varying degrees and preferences. The elaborate regulation of rPSCs by different channels, through increasing or decreasing the rPSCs frequency and/or charge, correlates with the changes in the reversal velocity for respective channel mutants. The molecular dissection of different A-MNs-rPSC components therefore reveals different mechanisms for multiplex motor rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangbang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shangbang Gao,
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18
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Chen L, Liu Y, Su P, Hung W, Li H, Wang Y, Yue Z, Ge MH, Wu ZX, Zhang Y, Fei P, Chen LM, Tao L, Mao H, Zhen M, Gao S. Escape steering by cholecystokinin peptidergic signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110330. [PMID: 35139370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escape is an evolutionarily conserved and essential avoidance response. Considered to be innate, most studies on escape responses focused on hard-wired circuits. We report here that a neuropeptide NLP-18 and its cholecystokinin receptor CKR-1 enable the escape circuit to execute a full omega (Ω) turn. We demonstrate in vivo NLP-18 is mainly secreted by the gustatory sensory neuron (ASI) to activate CKR-1 in the head motor neuron (SMD) and the turn-initiating interneuron (AIB). Removal of NLP-18 or CKR-1 or specific knockdown of CKR-1 in SMD or AIB neurons leads to shallower turns, hence less robust escape steering. Consistently, elevation of head motor neuron (SMD)'s Ca2+ transients during escape steering is attenuated upon the removal of NLP-18 or CKR-1. In vitro, synthetic NLP-18 directly evokes CKR-1-dependent currents in oocytes and CKR-1-dependent Ca2+ transients in SMD. Thus, cholecystokinin peptidergic signaling modulates an escape circuit to generate robust escape steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Pan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Haiwen Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China; LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hai Ge
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Heng Mao
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Shangbang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.
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19
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Katz M. Genetic Methods for Cellular Manipulation in C. elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2468:51-72. [PMID: 35320560 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2181-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuron manipulation in vivo by ablation, activation or inactivation, and regulation of gene expression is essential for dissecting nervous system function. Here we describe genetic means for neuron manipulation in the nematode C. elegans, and provide protocols for generating transgenic animals containing these genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Katz
- Department of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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20
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Courtney TM, Hankinson CP, Horst TJ, Deiters A. Targeted protein oxidation using a chromophore-modified rapamycin analog. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13425-13433. [PMID: 34777761 PMCID: PMC8528027 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemically induced dimerization of FKBP and FRB using rapamycin and rapamycin analogs has been utilized in a variety of biological applications. Formation of the FKBP-rapamycin-FRB ternary complex is typically used to activate a biological process and this interaction has proven to be essentially irreversible. In many cases, it would be beneficial to also have temporal control over deactivating a biological process once it has been initiated. Thus, we developed the first reactive oxygen species-generating rapamycin analog toward this goal. The BODIPY-rapamycin analog BORap is capable of dimerizing FKBP and FRB to form a ternary complex, and upon irradiation with 530 nm light, generates singlet oxygen to oxidize and inactivate proteins of interest fused to FKBP/FRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Courtney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | | | - Trevor J Horst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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21
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Byrd DT, Jin Y. Wired for insight-recent advances in Caenorhabditis elegans neural circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:159-169. [PMID: 33957432 PMCID: PMC8387325 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The completion of Caenorhabditis elegans connectomics four decades ago has long guided mechanistic investigation of neuronal circuits. Recent technological advances in microscopy and computation programs have aided re-examination of this connectomics, expanding our knowledge by both uncovering previously unreported synaptic connections and also generating models for neural networks underlying behaviors. Combining molecular information from single cell transcriptomes with elegant tools for cell-specific manipulation has further enhanced the ability to precisely investigate individual neurons in behaving animals. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of new information on connectomics and progress toward a molecular atlas of C. elegans nervous system, and discuss emerging findings on neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana T Byrd
- Neurobiology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Yishi Jin
- Neurobiology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Kavli Institute of Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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22
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He L, Huang Z, Huang K, Chen R, Nguyen NT, Wang R, Cai X, Huang Z, Siwko S, Walker JR, Han G, Zhou Y, Jing J. Optogenetic Control of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100424. [PMID: 34540558 PMCID: PMC8438606 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a set of optogenetic tools (designated LiPOP) that enable photoswitchable necroptosis and pyroptosis in live cells with varying kinetics, is introduced. The LiPOP tools allow reconstruction of the key molecular steps involved in these two non-apoptotic cell death pathways by harnessing the power of light. Further, the use of LiPOPs coupled with upconversion nanoparticles or bioluminescence is demonstrated to achieve wireless optogenetic or chemo-optogenetic killing of cancer cells in multiple mouse tumor models. LiPOPs can trigger necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death in cultured prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and in living animals, and set the stage for studying the role of non-apoptotic cell death pathways during microbial infection and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer ResearchInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zixian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510120China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510120China
| | - Nhung T. Nguyen
- Center for Translational Cancer ResearchInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer ResearchInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease PreventionInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510120China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Center for Translational Cancer ResearchInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | | | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer ResearchInstitute of Biosciences and TechnologyDepartment of Translational Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineTexas A&M UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Ji Jing
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
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23
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Emmons SW, Yemini E, Zimmer M. Methods for analyzing neuronal structure and activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2021; 218:6303616. [PMID: 34151952 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The model research animal Caenorhabditis elegans has unique properties making it particularly advantageous for studies of the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of a stereotyped complement of neurons connected in a consistent manner. Here, we describe methods for studying nervous system structure and function. The transparency of the animal makes it possible to visualize and identify neurons in living animals with fluorescent probes. These methods have been recently enhanced for the efficient use of neuron-specific reporter genes. Because of its simple structure, for a number of years, C. elegans has been at the forefront of connectomic studies defining synaptic connectivity by electron microscopy. This field is burgeoning with new, more powerful techniques, and recommended up-to-date methods are here described that encourage the possibility of new work in C. elegans. Fluorescent probes for single synapses and synaptic connections have allowed verification of the EM reconstructions and for experimental approaches to synapse formation. Advances in microscopy and in fluorescent reporters sensitive to Ca2+ levels have opened the way to observing activity within single neurons across the entire nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Emmons
- Department of Genetics and Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 1041, USA
| | - Eviatar Yemini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria and.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
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24
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Wavreil FDM, Poon J, Wessel GM, Yajima M. Light-induced, spatiotemporal control of protein in the developing embryo of the sea urchin. Dev Biol 2021; 478:13-24. [PMID: 34147471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differential protein regulation is a critical biological process that regulates cellular activity and controls cell fate determination. It is especially important during early embryogenesis when post-transcriptional events predominate differential fate specification in many organisms. Light-induced approaches have been a powerful technology to interrogate protein functions with temporal and spatial precision, even at subcellular levels within a cell by controlling laser irradiation on the confocal microscope. However, application and efficacy of these tools need to be tested for each model system or for the cell type of interest because of the complex nature of each system. Here, we introduce two types of light-induced approaches to track and control proteins at a subcellular level in the developing embryo of the sea urchin. We found that the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Kaede is highly efficient to distinguish pre-existing and newly synthesized proteins with no apparent phototoxicity, even when interrogating proteins associated with the mitotic spindle. Further, chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) using miniSOG successfully inactivated target proteins of interest in the vegetal cortex and selectively delayed or inhibited asymmetric cell division. Overall, these light-induced manipulations serve as important molecular tools to identify protein function for for subcellular interrogations in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence D M Wavreil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jessica Poon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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25
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Choi U, Wang H, Hu M, Kim S, Sieburth D. Presynaptic coupling by electrical synapses coordinates a rhythmic behavior by synchronizing the activities of a neuron pair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022599118. [PMID: 33972428 PMCID: PMC8157971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022599118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical synapses are specialized structures that mediate the flow of electrical currents between neurons and have well known roles in synchronizing the activities of neuronal populations, both by mediating the current transfer from more active to less active neurons and by shunting currents from active neurons to their less active neighbors. However, how these positive and negative functions of electrical synapses are coordinated to shape rhythmic synaptic outputs and behavior is not well understood. Here, using a combination of genetics, behavioral analysis, and live calcium imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that electrical synapses formed by the gap junction protein INX-1/innexin couple the presynaptic terminals of a pair of motor neurons (AVL and DVB) to synchronize their activation in response to a pacemaker signal. Live calcium imaging reveals that inx-1/innexin mutations lead to asynchronous activation of AVL and DVB, due, in part, to loss of AVL-mediated activation of DVB by the pacemaker. In addition, loss of inx-1 leads to the ectopic activation of DVB at inappropriate times during the cycle through the activation of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel EGL-19. We propose that electrical synapses between AVL and DVB presynaptic terminals function to ensure the precise and robust execution of a specific step in a rhythmic behavior by both synchronizing the activities of presynaptic terminals in response to pacemaker signaling and by inhibiting their activation in between cycles when pacemaker signaling is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Choi
- Development, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Han Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mingxi Hu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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26
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Shilova O, Shramova E, Proshkina G, Deyev S. Natural and Designed Toxins for Precise Therapy: Modern Approaches in Experimental Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094975. [PMID: 34067057 PMCID: PMC8124712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently overexpress specific surface receptors providing tumor growth and survival which can be used for precise therapy. Targeting cancer cell receptors with protein toxins is an attractive approach widely used in contemporary experimental oncology and preclinical studies. Methods of targeted delivery of toxins to cancer cells, different drug carriers based on nanosized materials (liposomes, nanoparticles, polymers), the most promising designed light-activated toxins, as well as mechanisms of the cytotoxic action of the main natural toxins used in modern experimental oncology, are discussed in this review. The prospects of the combined therapy of tumors based on multimodal nanostructures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shilova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Shramova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Galina Proshkina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Sergey Deyev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.); (G.P.)
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (S.D.)
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27
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Ji N, Venkatachalam V, Rodgers HD, Hung W, Kawano T, Clark CM, Lim M, Alkema MJ, Zhen M, Samuel ADT. Corollary discharge promotes a sustained motor state in a neural circuit for navigation. eLife 2021; 10:e68848. [PMID: 33880993 PMCID: PMC8139836 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals exhibit behavioral and neural responses that persist on longer timescales than transient or fluctuating stimulus inputs. Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans uses feedback from the motor circuit to a sensory processing interneuron to sustain its motor state during thermotactic navigation. By imaging circuit activity in behaving animals, we show that a principal postsynaptic partner of the AFD thermosensory neuron, the AIY interneuron, encodes both temperature and motor state information. By optogenetic and genetic manipulation of this circuit, we demonstrate that the motor state representation in AIY is a corollary discharge signal. RIM, an interneuron that is connected with premotor interneurons, is required for this corollary discharge. Ablation of RIM eliminates the motor representation in AIY, allows thermosensory representations to reach downstream premotor interneurons, and reduces the animal's ability to sustain forward movements during thermotaxis. We propose that feedback from the motor circuit to the sensory processing circuit underlies a positive feedback mechanism to generate persistent neural activity and sustained behavioral patterns in a sensorimotor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ji
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Vivek Venkatachalam
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Hillary Denise Rodgers
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, and Physiology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Taizo Kawano
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, and Physiology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Christopher M Clark
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Maria Lim
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, and Physiology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Mark J Alkema
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, and Physiology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Aravinthan DT Samuel
- Department of Physics and Center for Brain Science, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
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28
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Jia Q, Sieburth D. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide positively regulates neuropeptide secretion during diet-induced activation of the oxidative stress response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2304. [PMID: 33863916 PMCID: PMC8052458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals coupling metabolism with neurotransmitter release, but a role for mitochondrial-produced ROS in regulating neurosecretion has not been described. Here we show that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide originating from axonal mitochondria (mtH2O2) functions as a signaling cue to selectively regulate the secretion of a FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FLP-1) from a pair of interneurons (AIY) in C. elegans. We show that pharmacological or genetic manipulations that increase mtH2O2 levels lead to increased FLP-1 secretion that is dependent upon ROS dismutation, mitochondrial calcium influx, and cysteine sulfenylation of the calcium-independent PKC family member PKC-1. mtH2O2-induced FLP-1 secretion activates the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2 in distal tissues and protects animals from ROS-mediated toxicity. mtH2O2 levels in AIY neurons, FLP-1 secretion and SKN-1 activity are rapidly and reversibly regulated by exposing animals to different bacterial food sources. These results reveal a previously unreported role for mtH2O2 in linking diet-induced changes in mitochondrial homeostasis with neuropeptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- PIBBS program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Qian KY, Zeng WX, Hao Y, Zeng XT, Liu H, Li L, Chen L, Tian FM, Chang C, Hall Q, Song CX, Gao S, Hu Z, Kaplan JM, Li Q, Tong XJ. Male pheromones modulate synaptic transmission at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction in a sexually dimorphic manner. eLife 2021; 10:e67170. [PMID: 33787493 PMCID: PMC8051947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional synapses in the nervous system is important for animal physiology and behaviors, and its disturbance has been linked with many neurodevelopmental disorders. The synaptic transmission efficacy can be modulated by the environment to accommodate external changes, which is crucial for animal reproduction and survival. However, the underlying plasticity of synaptic transmission remains poorly understood. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the male environment increases the hermaphrodite cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which alters hermaphrodites' locomotion velocity and mating efficiency. We identify that the male-specific pheromones mediate this synaptic transmission modulation effect in a developmental stage-dependent manner. Dissection of the sensory circuits reveals that the AWB chemosensory neurons sense those male pheromones and further transduce the information to NMJ using cGMP signaling. Exposure of hermaphrodites to the male pheromones specifically increases the accumulation of presynaptic CaV2 calcium channels and clustering of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors at cholinergic synapses of NMJ, which potentiates cholinergic synaptic transmission. Thus, our study demonstrates a circuit mechanism for synaptic modulation and behavioral flexibility by sexual dimorphic pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ying Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wan-Xin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xian-Ting Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haowen Liu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lei Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fu-min Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cindy Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Qi Hall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chun-Xue Song
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhitao Hu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Joshua M Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired IntelligenceShanghaiChina
| | - Xia-Jing Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
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30
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Das S, Tiwari M, Mondal D, Sahoo BR, Tiwari DK. Growing tool-kit of photosensitizers for clinical and non-clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10897-10940. [PMID: 33165483 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers are photosensitive molecules utilized in clinical and non-clinical applications by taking advantage of light-mediated reactive oxygen generation, which triggers local and systemic cellular toxicity. Photosensitizers are used for diverse biological applications such as spatio-temporal inactivation of a protein in a living system by chromophore-assisted light inactivation, localized cell photoablation, photodynamic and immuno-photodynamic therapy, and correlative light-electron microscopy imaging. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several genetically encoded, chemically synthesized, and nanotechnologically driven photosensitizers for successful implementation in redox biology applications. Genetically encoded photosensitizers (GEPS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating proteins have the advantage of using them in the living system since they can be manipulated by genetic engineering with a variety of target-specific genes for the precise spatio-temporal control of ROS generation. The GEPS variety is limited but is expanding with a variety of newly emerging GEPS proteins. Apart from GEPS, a large variety of chemically- and nanotechnologically-empowered photosensitizers have been developed with a major focus on photodynamic therapy-based cancer treatment alone or in combination with pre-existing treatment methods. Recently, immuno-photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective cancer treatment method using smartly designed photosensitizers to initiate and engage the patient's immune system so as to empower the photosensitizing effect. In this review, we have discussed various types of photosensitizers, their clinical and non-clinical applications, and implementation toward intelligent efficacy, ROS efficiency, and target specificity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Environment, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India.
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31
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G. Keller S, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Recent Progress in Small Spirocyclic, Xanthene-Based Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5964. [PMID: 33339370 PMCID: PMC7766215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in a multitude of applications is still an expanding field. This review covers the recent progress made in small molecular, spirocyclic xanthene-based probes containing different heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, silicon, carbon) in position 10'. After a short introduction, we will focus on applications like the interaction of probes with enzymes and targeted labeling of organelles and proteins, detection of small molecules, as well as their use in therapeutics or diagnostics and super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, the last part will summarize recent advances in the synthesis and understanding of their structure-behavior relationship including novel computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G. Keller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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32
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Ren K, Keshri P, Wu R, Sun Z, Yu Q, Tian Q, Zhao B, Bagheri Y, Xie Y, You M. A Genetically Encoded RNA Photosensitizer for Targeted Cell Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Zhining Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Qikun Yu
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Yiwen Xie
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
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33
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Ren K, Keshri P, Wu R, Sun Z, Yu Q, Tian Q, Zhao B, Bagheri Y, Xie Y, You M. A Genetically Encoded RNA Photosensitizer for Targeted Cell Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21986-21990. [PMID: 32797667 PMCID: PMC7747015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded RNA devices have emerged for various cellular applications in imaging and biosensing, but their functions as precise regulators in living systems are still limited. Inspired by protein photosensitizers, we propose here a genetically encoded RNA aptamer based photosensitizer (GRAP). Upon illumination, the RNA photosensitizer can controllably generate reactive oxygen species for targeted cell regulation. The GRAP system can be selectively activated by endogenous stimuli and light of different wavelengths. Compared with their protein analogues, GRAP is highly programmable and exhibits reduced off-target effects. These results indicate that GRAP enables efficient noninvasive target cell ablation with high temporal and spatial precision. This new RNA regulator system will be widely used for optogenetics, targeted cell ablation, subcellular manipulation, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Zhining Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Qikun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yiwen Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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34
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Liang P, Kolodieznyi D, Creeger Y, Ballou B, Bruchez MP. Subcellular Singlet Oxygen and Cell Death: Location Matters. Front Chem 2020; 8:592941. [PMID: 33282833 PMCID: PMC7705227 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a tool for targeted generation of singlet oxygen using light activation of a genetically encoded fluorogen-activating protein complexed with a unique dye molecule that becomes a potent photosensitizer upon interaction with the protein. By targeting the protein receptor to activate this dye in distinct subcellular locations at consistent per-cell concentrations, we investigated the impact of localized production of singlet oxygen on induction of cell death. We analyzed light dose-dependent cytotoxic response and characterized the apoptotic vs. necrotic cell death as a function of subcellular location, including the nucleus, the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and the membrane. We find that different subcellular origins of singlet oxygen have different potencies in cytotoxic response and the pathways of cell death, and we observed that CT26 and HEK293 cell lines are differentially sensitive to mitochondrially localized singlet oxygen stresses. This work provides new insight into the function of type II reactive oxygen generating photosensitizing processes in inducing targeted cell death and raises interesting mechanistic questions about tolerance and survival mechanisms in studies of oxidative stress in clonal cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liang
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dmytro Kolodieznyi
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yehuda Creeger
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Byron Ballou
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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35
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Gomez S, Tsung A, Hu Z. Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E4964. [PMID: 33121022 PMCID: PMC7662882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current promising target molecules, e.g., tissue factor (also known as CD142), and the currently used bioconjugation strategies in PDT and PDD, with a focus on newly developed protein photosensitizers. These are genetically engineered photosensitizers, with the possibility of generating a fusion protein photosensitizer by recombinant DNA technology for both PDT and PDD without the need of chemical conjugation. We believe that providing an overview of promising targets and bioconjugation strategies will aid in driving research in this field forward towards more effective, less toxic, and non- or minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Gomez
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
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36
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Targeted Central Nervous System Irradiation of Caenorhabditis elegans Induces a Limited Effect on Motility. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090289. [PMID: 32937967 PMCID: PMC7564402 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the tissue responsible for a biological function, that function can be experimentally perturbed by an external stimulus, such as radiation. Radiation can be precisely and finely administered and any subsequent change in function examined. To investigate the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in Caenorhabditis elegans’ locomotion, we irradiated a limited 20-µm-diameter area of the CNS with a single dose and evaluated the resulting effects on motility. However, whether irradiated area (beam size)-dependent or dose-dependent effects on motility occur via targeted irradiation remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the irradiated area- and dose-dependent effects of CNS-targeted irradiation on the motility of C. elegans using a collimating microbeam system and confirmed the involvement of the CNS and body-wall muscle cells around the CNS in motility. After CNS-targeted microbeam irradiation, C. elegans’ motility was assayed. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of CNS-targeted irradiation on motility reflecting direct effects on the irradiated CNS. In addition, when irradiated with 1000-Gy irradiation, irradiated area (beam size)-dependent effects were observed. This method has two technical advantages: Performing a series of on-chip imaging analyses before and after irradiation and targeted irradiation using a distinct ion-beam size.
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37
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Mruk K, Ciepla P, Piza PA, Alnaqib MA, Chen JK. Targeted cell ablation in zebrafish using optogenetic transcriptional control. Development 2020; 147:dev183640. [PMID: 32414936 PMCID: PMC7328002 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell ablation is a powerful method for elucidating the contributions of individual cell populations to embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Targeted cell loss in whole organisms has been typically achieved through expression of a cytotoxic or prodrug-activating gene product in the cell type of interest. This approach depends on the availability of tissue-specific promoters, and it does not allow further spatial selectivity within the promoter-defined region(s). To address this limitation, we have used the light-inducible GAVPO transactivator in combination with two genetically encoded cell-ablation technologies: the nitroreductase/nitrofuran system and a cytotoxic variant of the M2 ion channel. Our studies establish ablative methods that provide the tissue specificity afforded by cis-regulatory elements and the conditionality of optogenetics. Our studies also demonstrate differences between the nitroreductase and M2 systems that influence their efficacies for specific applications. Using this integrative approach, we have ablated cells in zebrafish embryos with both spatial and temporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mruk
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Paulina Ciepla
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick A Piza
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad A Alnaqib
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Xin Q, Hung W, Florman J, Huo J, Xu T, Xie Y, Alkema MJ, Zhen M, Wen Q. Flexible motor sequence generation during stereotyped escape responses. eLife 2020; 9:e56942. [PMID: 32501216 PMCID: PMC7338056 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex animal behaviors arise from a flexible combination of stereotyped motor primitives. Here we use the escape responses of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study how a nervous system dynamically explores the action space. The initiation of the escape responses is predictable: the animal moves away from a potential threat, a mechanical or thermal stimulus. But the motor sequence and the timing that follow are variable. We report that a feedforward excitation between neurons encoding distinct motor states underlies robust motor sequence generation, while mutual inhibition between these neurons controls the flexibility of timing in a motor sequence. Electrical synapses contribute to feedforward coupling whereas glutamatergic synapses contribute to inhibition. We conclude that C. elegans generates robust and flexible motor sequences by combining an excitatory coupling and a winner-take-all operation via mutual inhibition between motor modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
| | - Qi Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
| | - Wesley Hung
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jeremy Florman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jing Huo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
| | - Yu Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Mark J Alkema
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Mei Zhen
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Quan Wen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Integrative Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseHefeiChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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39
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Kong H, Zhang J, Li J, Wang J, Shin HJ, Tai R, Yan Q, Xia K, Hu J, Wang L, Zhu Y, Fan C. Genetically encoded X-ray cellular imaging for nanoscale protein localization. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1218-1227. [PMID: 34692146 PMCID: PMC8288996 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial resolution defines the physical limit of microscopes for probing biomolecular localization and interactions in cells. Whereas synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM) represents a unique approach for imaging a whole cell with nanoscale resolution due to its intrinsic nanoscale resolution and great penetration ability, existing approaches to label biomolecules rely on the use of exogenous tags that are multi-step and error-prone. Here, we repurpose engineered peroxidases as genetically encoded X-ray-sensitive tags (GXET) for site-specific labeling of protein-of-interest in mammalian cells. We find that 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymers that are in-situ catalytically formed by fusion-expressed peroxidases are visible under XRM. Using this new tag, we imaged the protein location associated with the alteration of a DNA-methylation pathway with an ultra-high resolution of 30 nanometers. Importantly, the excellent energy resolution of XRM enables multicolor imaging using different peroxidase tags. The development of GXET enlightens the way to nanoscopic imaging for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Kong
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Hyun-Joon Shin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Renzhong Tai
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qinglong Yan
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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40
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Context-dependent operation of neural circuits underlies a navigation behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6178-6188. [PMID: 32123108 PMCID: PMC7084152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918528117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans memorizes an environmental temperature and migrates toward the remembered temperature on a thermal gradient by switching movement up or down the gradient. How does the C. elegans brain, consisting of 302 neurons, achieve this memory-dependent thermotaxis behavior? Here, we addressed this question through large-scale single-cell ablation, high-resolution behavioral analysis, and computational modeling. We found that depending on whether the environmental temperature is below or above the remembered temperature, distinct sets of neurons are responsible to generate opposing motor biases, thereby switching the movement up or down the thermal gradient. Our study indicates that such a context-dependent operation in neural circuits is essential for flexible execution of animal behavior. The nervous system evaluates environmental cues and adjusts motor output to ensure navigation toward a preferred environment. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans navigates in the thermal environment and migrates toward its cultivation temperature by moving up or down thermal gradients depending not only on absolute temperature but on relative difference between current and previously experienced cultivation temperature. Although previous studies showed that such thermal context-dependent opposing migration is mediated by bias in frequency and direction of reorientation behavior, the complete neural pathways—from sensory to motor neurons—and their circuit logics underlying the opposing behavioral bias remain elusive. By conducting comprehensive cell ablation, high-resolution behavioral analyses, and computational modeling, we identified multiple neural pathways regulating behavioral components important for thermotaxis, and demonstrate that distinct sets of neurons are required for opposing bias of even single behavioral components. Furthermore, our imaging analyses show that the context-dependent operation is evident in sensory neurons, very early in the neural pathway, and manifested by bidirectional responses of a first-layer interneuron AIB under different thermal contexts. Our results suggest that the contextual differences are encoded among sensory neurons and a first-layer interneuron, processed among different downstream neurons, and lead to the flexible execution of context-dependent behavior.
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41
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zeng K, Ao Y, Wang M, Yu Z, Qi F, Yu W, Mao H, Tao L, Zhang C, Tan TTY, Yang X, Pu K, Gao S. Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Multiplex Protein Activation to Neuron Ablation for Locomotion Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906797. [PMID: 32003923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The optogenetic neuron ablation approach enables noninvasive remote decoding of specific neuron function within a complex living organism in high spatiotemporal resolution. However, it suffers from shallow tissue penetration of visible light with low ablation efficiency. This study reports a upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based multiplex proteins activation tool to ablate deep-tissue neurons for locomotion modulation. By optimizing the dopant contents and nanoarchitecure, over 300-fold enhancement of blue (450-470 nm) and red (590-610 nm) emissions from UCNPs is achieved upon 808 nm irradiation. Such emissions simultaneously activate mini singlet oxygen generator and Chrimson, leading to boosted near infrared (NIR) light-induced neuronal ablation efficiency due to the synergism between singlet oxygen generation and intracellular Ca2+ elevation. The loss of neurons severely inhibits reverse locomotion, revealing the instructive role of neurons in controlling motor activity. The deep penetrance NIR light makes the current system feasible for in vivo deep-tissue neuron elimination. The results not only provide a rapidly adoptable platform to efficient photoablate single- and multiple-cells, but also define the neural circuits underlying behavior, with potential for development of remote therapy in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wanmei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kanghua Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Ao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Fukang Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Heng Mao
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Thatt Yang Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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42
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Rogers KW, Müller P. Optogenetic approaches to investigate spatiotemporal signaling during development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 137:37-77. [PMID: 32143750 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is coordinated by signaling pathways that pattern the developing organism. Many aspects of this process are not fully understood, including how signaling molecules spread through embryonic tissues, how signaling amplitude and dynamics are decoded, and how multiple signaling pathways cooperate to pattern the body plan. Optogenetic approaches can be used to address these questions by providing precise experimental control over a variety of biological processes. Here, we review how these strategies have provided new insights into developmental signaling and discuss how they could contribute to future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Rogers
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany; Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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43
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Péresse T, Gautier A. Next-Generation Fluorogen-Based Reporters and Biosensors for Advanced Bioimaging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6142. [PMID: 31817528 PMCID: PMC6940837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to observe biochemical events with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for understanding the functioning of living systems. Intrinsically fluorescent proteins such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have revolutionized the way biologists study cells and organisms. The fluorescence toolbox has been recently extended with new fluorescent reporters composed of a genetically encoded tag that binds endogenously present or exogenously applied fluorogenic chromophores (so-called fluorogens) and activates their fluorescence. This review presents the toolbox of fluorogen-based reporters and biosensors available to biologists. Various applications are detailed to illustrate the possible uses and opportunities offered by this new generation of fluorescent probes and sensors for advanced bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Péresse
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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44
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Liu F, Dai S, Feng D, Peng X, Qin Z, Kearns AC, Huang W, Chen Y, Ergün S, Wang H, Rappaport J, Bryda EC, Chandrasekhar A, Aktas B, Hu H, Chang SL, Gao B, Qin X. Versatile cell ablation tools and their applications to study loss of cell functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4725-4743. [PMID: 31359086 PMCID: PMC6858955 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cell ablation is a powerful approach for studying the role of specific cell populations in a variety of organotypic functions, including cell differentiation, and organ generation and regeneration. Emerging tools for permanently or conditionally ablating targeted cell populations and transiently inhibiting neuronal activities exhibit a diversity of application and utility. Each tool has distinct features, and none can be universally applied to study different cell types in various tissue compartments. Although these tools have been developed for over 30 years, they require additional improvement. Currently, there is no consensus on how to select the tools to answer the specific scientific questions of interest. Selecting the appropriate cell ablation technique to study the function of a targeted cell population is less straightforward than selecting the method to study a gene's functions. In this review, we discuss the features of the various tools for targeted cell ablation and provide recommendations for optimal application of specific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shen Dai
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Zhongnan Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alison C Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 261053, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximillan University, 97070, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Division of Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, 4011 Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Anand Chandrasekhar
- Division of Biological Sciences, 340D Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bertal Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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45
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Zhang XM, François U, Silm K, Angelo MF, Fernandez-Busch MV, Maged M, Martin C, Bernard V, Cordelières FP, Deshors M, Pons S, Maskos U, Bemelmans AP, Wojcik SM, El Mestikawy S, Humeau Y, Herzog E. A proline-rich motif on VGLUT1 reduces synaptic vesicle super-pool and spontaneous release frequency. eLife 2019; 8:50401. [PMID: 31663854 PMCID: PMC6861006 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate secretion at excitatory synapses is tightly regulated to allow for the precise tuning of synaptic strength. Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUT) accumulate glutamate into synaptic vesicles (SV) and thereby regulate quantal size. Further, the number of release sites and the release probability of SVs maybe regulated by the organization of active-zone proteins and SV clusters. In the present work, we uncover a mechanism mediating an increased SV clustering through the interaction of VGLUT1 second proline-rich domain, endophilinA1 and intersectin1. This strengthening of SV clusters results in a combined reduction of axonal SV super-pool size and miniature excitatory events frequency. Our findings support a model in which clustered vesicles are held together through multiple weak interactions between Src homology three and proline-rich domains of synaptic proteins. In mammals, VGLUT1 gained a proline-rich sequence that recruits endophilinA1 and turns the transporter into a regulator of SV organization and spontaneous release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Min Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Urielle François
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kätlin Silm
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - Maria Florencia Angelo
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez-Busch
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mona Maged
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Martin
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMS 3420, INSERM US4, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Deshors
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, Unité NISC, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, Unité NISC, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de laRecherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), MolecularImaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sonja M Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine NPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie INSERM U1130 CNRS UMR8246, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yann Humeau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
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46
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Chiba M, Kamiya M, Tsuda-Sakurai K, Fujisawa Y, Kosakamoto H, Kojima R, Miura M, Urano Y. Activatable Photosensitizer for Targeted Ablation of lacZ-Positive Cells with Single-Cell Resolution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1676-1681. [PMID: 31660435 PMCID: PMC6813548 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To achieve highly selective ablation of lacZ-positive cells in a biological milieu in vivo, we developed an activatable photosensitizer, SPiDER-killer-βGal, targeted to β-galactosidase encoded by the lacZ reporter gene. Hydrolysis of SPiDER-killer-βGal by β-galactosidase simultaneously activates both its photosensitizing ability and its reactivity to nucleophiles, so that the phototoxic products generated by light irradiation are trapped inside the lacZ-positive cells. The combination of SPiDER-killer-βGal and light irradiation specifically killed lacZ-positive cells in coculture with cells without lacZ expression. Furthermore, β-galactosidase-expressing cells in the posterior region of cultured Drosophila wing discs and in pupal notum of live Drosophila pupae were selectively killed with single-cell resolution. This photosensitizer should be useful for specific ablation of targeted cells in living organisms, for example, to investigate cellular functions in complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Chiba
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - Kayoko Tsuda-Sakurai
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujisawa
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- E-mail:
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47
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Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also show a wide range of physiological responses to CO2. Here, we review the diverse responses of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive context-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2.
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48
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Cuentas-Condori A, Mulcahy B, He S, Palumbos S, Zhen M, Miller DM. C. elegans neurons have functional dendritic spines. eLife 2019; 8:e47918. [PMID: 31584430 PMCID: PMC6802951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are specialized postsynaptic structures that transduce presynaptic signals, are regulated by neural activity and correlated with learning and memory. Most studies of spine function have focused on the mammalian nervous system. However, spine-like protrusions have been reported in C. elegans (Philbrook et al., 2018), suggesting that the experimental advantages of smaller model organisms could be exploited to study the biology of dendritic spines. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging and genetics to show that C. elegans motor neurons have functional dendritic spines that: (1) are structurally defined by a dynamic actin cytoskeleton; (2) appose presynaptic dense projections; (3) localize ER and ribosomes; (4) display calcium transients triggered by presynaptic activity and propagated by internal Ca++ stores; (5) respond to activity-dependent signals that regulate spine density. These studies provide a solid foundation for a new experimental paradigm that exploits the power of C. elegans genetics and live-cell imaging for fundamental studies of dendritic spine morphogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Siwei He
- Neuroscience ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Sierra Palumbos
- Neuroscience ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Neuroscience ProgramVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
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49
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Guinn MT, Balázsi G. Noise-reducing optogenetic negative-feedback gene circuits in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7703-7714. [PMID: 31269201 PMCID: PMC6698750 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene autorepression is widely present in nature and is also employed in synthetic biology, partly to reduce gene expression noise in cells. Optogenetic systems have recently been developed for controlling gene expression levels in mammalian cells, but most have utilized activator-based proteins, neglecting negative feedback except for in silico control. Here, we engineer optogenetic gene circuits into mammalian cells to achieve noise-reduction for precise gene expression control by genetic, in vitro negative feedback. We build a toolset of these noise-reducing Light-Inducible Tuner (LITer) gene circuits using the TetR repressor fused with a Tet-inhibiting peptide (TIP) or a degradation tag through the light-sensitive LOV2 protein domain. These LITers provide a range of nearly 4-fold gene expression control and up to 5-fold noise reduction from existing optogenetic systems. Moreover, we use the LITer gene circuit architecture to control gene expression of the cancer oncogene KRAS(G12V) and study its downstream effects through phospho-ERK levels and cellular proliferation. Overall, these novel LITer optogenetic platforms should enable precise spatiotemporal perturbations for studying multicellular phenotypes in developmental biology, oncology and other biomedical fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tyler Guinn
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Gábor Balázsi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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50
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Iwanir S, Ruach R, Itskovits E, Pritz CO, Bokman E, Zaslaver A. Irrational behavior in C. elegans arises from asymmetric modulatory effects within single sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3202. [PMID: 31324786 PMCID: PMC6642097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. elegans worms exhibit a natural chemotaxis towards food cues. This provides a potential platform to study the interactions between stimulus valence and innate behavioral preferences. Here we perform a comprehensive set of choice assays to measure worms' relative preference towards various attractants. Surprisingly, we find that when facing a combination of choices, worms' preferences do not always follow value-based hierarchy. In fact, the innate chemotaxis behavior in worms robustly violates key rationality paradigms of transitivity, independence of irrelevant alternatives and regularity. These violations arise due to asymmetric modulatory effects between the presented options. Functional analysis of the entire chemosensory system at a single-neuron resolution, coupled with analyses of mutants, defective in individual neurons, reveals that these asymmetric effects originate in specific sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Iwanir
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Rotem Ruach
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Eyal Itskovits
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Christian O Pritz
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Eduard Bokman
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Alon Zaslaver
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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