1
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Chen H, Wei J, Zhu Z, Hou Y. Multifaceted roles of PD-1 in tumorigenesis: From immune checkpoint to tumor cell-intrinsic function. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1436-1448. [PMID: 38751009 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), a key immune checkpoint receptor, has been extensively studied for its role in regulating immune responses in cancer. However, recent research has unveiled a complex and dual role for PD-1 in tumorigenesis. While PD-1 is traditionally associated with immune cells, this article explores its expression in various cancer cells and its impact on cancer progression. PD-1's functions extend beyond immune regulation, as it has been found to both promote and suppress tumor growth, depending on the cancer type. These findings have significant implications for the future of cancer treatment and our understanding of the immune response in the context of cancer. This article calls for further research into the multifaceted roles of PD-1 to optimize its therapeutic potential and improve patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Zhenjiang Stomatological Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Cadiou G, Beauvais T, Marotte L, Lambot S, Deleine C, Vignes C, Gantier M, Hussong M, Rulli S, Jarry A, Simon S, Malissen B, Labarriere N. Differential impact of genetic deletion of TIGIT or PD-1 on melanoma-specific T-lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2376782. [PMID: 38983599 PMCID: PMC11232637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2376782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) blockade and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-cells (ACT) are two major strategies to treat metastatic melanoma. Their combination can potentiate T-cell activation in the suppressive tumor microenvironment, but the autoimmune adverse effects associated with systemic injection of IC blockers persist with this strategy. ACT of tumor-reactive T-cells defective for IC expression would overcome this issue. For this purpose, PD-1 and TIGIT appear to be relevant candidates, because their co-expression on highly tumor-reactive lymphocytes limits their therapeutic efficacy within the tumor microenvironme,nt. Our study compares the consequences of PDCD1 or TIGIT genetic deletion on anti-tumor properties and T-cell fitness of melanoma-specific T lymphocytes. Transcriptomic analyses revealed down-regulation of cell cycle-related genes in PD-1KO T-cells, consistent with biological observations, whereas proliferative pathways were preserved in TIGITKO T-cells. Functional analyses showed that PD-1KO and TIGITKO T-cells displayed superior antitumor reactivity than their wild-type counterpart in vitro and in a preclinical melanoma model using immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, it appears that TIGITKO T-cells were more effective at inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vivo, and persist longer within tumors than PD-1KO T-cells, consistent with the absence of impact of TIGIT deletion on T-cell fitness. Taken together, these results suggest that TIGIT deletion, over PD-1 deletion, in melanoma-specific T-cells is a compelling option for future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenann Cadiou
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Lucine Marotte
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvia Lambot
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Deleine
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Vignes
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Malika Gantier
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Hussong
- QIAGEN Sciences, Frederick, MD, USA
- NeoGenomics, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne Jarry
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Inserm, Nantes, France
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3
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Nikolouzakis TK, Chrysos E, Docea AO, Fragkiadaki P, Souglakos J, Tsiaoussis J, Tsatsakis A. Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1995. [PMID: 38893120 PMCID: PMC11171065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the colon and rectum (CRC) has been identified among the three most prevalent types of cancer and cancer-related deaths for both sexes. Even though significant progress in surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques has markedly improved disease-free and overall survival rates in contrast to those three decades ago, recent years have seen a stagnation in these improvements. This underscores the need for new therapies aiming to augment patient outcomes. A number of emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have exhibited promising outcomes not only in preclinical but also in clinical settings. Additionally, a thorough appreciation of the underlying biology has expanded the scope of research into potential therapeutic interventions. For instance, the pivotal role of altered telomere length in early CRC carcinogenesis, leading to chromosomal instability and telomere dysfunction, presents a promising avenue for future treatments. Thus, this review explores the advancements in CRC immunotherapy and telomere-targeted therapies, examining potential synergies and how these novel treatment modalities intersect to potentially enhance each other's efficacy, paving the way for promising future therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (T.K.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (A.T.)
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (P.F.); (A.T.)
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4
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An M, Mehta A, Min BH, Heo YJ, Wright SJ, Parikh M, Bi L, Lee H, Kim TJ, Lee SY, Moon J, Park RJ, Strickland MR, Park WY, Kang WK, Kim KM, Kim ST, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:766-785. [PMID: 38319303 PMCID: PMC11061611 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adding anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/platinum improves survival in some advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA). To understand the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, we conducted a phase II first-line trial (n = 47) sequentially adding pembrolizumab to 5-FU/platinum in advanced GEA. Using serial biopsy of the primary tumor at baseline, after one cycle of 5-FU/platinum, and after the addition of pembrolizumab, we transcriptionally profiled 358,067 single cells to identify evolving multicellular tumor microenvironment (TME) networks. Chemotherapy induced early on-treatment multicellular hubs with tumor-reactive T-cell and M1-like macrophage interactions in slow progressors. Faster progression featured increased MUC5A and MSLN containing treatment resistance programs in tumor cells and M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive stromal interactions. After pembrolizumab, we observed increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and development of an immunity hub involving tumor-reactive CXCL13 T-cell program and epithelial interferon-stimulated gene programs. Strategies to drive increases in antitumor immune hub formation could expand the portion of patients benefiting from anti-PD-1 approaches. SIGNIFICANCE The benefit of 5-FU/platinum with anti-PD-1 in first-line advanced gastric cancer is limited to patient subgroups. Using a trial with sequential anti-PD-1, we show coordinated induction of multicellular TME hubs informs the ability of anti-PD-1 to potentiate T cell-driven responses. Differential TME hub development highlights features that underlie clinical outcomes. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minae An
- Experimental Therapeutics Development Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arnav Mehta
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Samuel J. Wright
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Milan Parikh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Bi
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Moon
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan J. Park
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Gao M, Shi J, Xiao X, Yao Y, Chen X, Wang B, Zhang J. PD-1 regulation in immune homeostasis and immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216726. [PMID: 38401888 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis is pivotal in autoimmunity and cancer immunotherapy. PD-1 receptors on immune cells engage with one of its ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, expressed on antigen-presenting cells or tumor cells, driving T-cell dysfunction and tumor immune escape. Thus, targeting PD-1/PD-L1 revitalizes cytotoxic T cells for cancer elimination. However, a majority of cancer patients don't respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and the underlying mechanisms remain partially understood. Recent studies have revealed that PD-1 expression levels or modifications impact the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing PD-1 expression and modifications is crucial for innovating therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. This article presents a comprehensive overview of advancements in PD-1 regulation and highlights their potential in modulating immune homeostasis and cancer immunotherapy, aiming to refine clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangling Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingmeng Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Ma S, Sandhoff R, Luo X, Shang F, Shi Q, Li Z, Wu J, Ming Y, Schwarz F, Madi A, Weisshaar N, Mieg A, Hering M, Zettl F, Yan X, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Li Z, Poschet G, Rodewald HR, Papavasiliou N, Wang X, Gao P, Cui G. Serine enrichment in tumors promotes regulatory T cell accumulation through sphinganine-mediated regulation of c-Fos. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadg8817. [PMID: 38640251 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and suppress the immune system. Whether and how metabolite availability in the TME influences Treg cell differentiation is not understood. Here, we measured 630 metabolites in the TME and found that serine and palmitic acid, substrates required for the synthesis of sphingolipids, were enriched. A serine-free diet or a deficiency in Sptlc2, the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing sphingolipid synthesis, suppressed Treg cell accumulation and inhibited tumor growth. Sphinganine, an intermediate metabolite in sphingolipid synthesis, physically interacted with the transcription factor c-Fos. Sphinganine c-Fos interactions enhanced the genome-wide recruitment of c-Fos to regions near the transcription start sites of target genes including Pdcd1 (encoding PD-1), which promoted Pdcd1 transcription and increased inducible Treg cell differentiation in vitro in a PD-1-dependent manner. Thus, Sptlc2-mediated sphingolipid synthesis translates the extracellular information of metabolite availability into nuclear signals for Treg cell differentiation and limits antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (A411), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qiaozhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Core Facility Antibodies (W170), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alaa Madi
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zettl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors (F100), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Papavasiliou
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Mathioudaki A, Wang X, Sedloev D, Huth R, Kamal A, Hundemer M, Liu Y, Vasileiou S, Lulla P, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Luft T, Sauer T, Schmitt M, Zaugg JB, Pabst C. The remission status of AML patients after allo-HCT is associated with a distinct single-cell bone marrow T-cell signature. Blood 2024; 143:1269-1281. [PMID: 38197505 PMCID: PMC10997908 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy for which allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) often remains the only curative therapeutic approach. However, incapability of T cells to recognize and eliminate residual leukemia stem cells might lead to an insufficient graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and relapse. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on bone marrow (BM) T lymphocytes and CD34+ cells of 6 patients with AML 100 days after allo-HCT to identify T-cell signatures associated with either imminent relapse (REL) or durable complete remission (CR). We observed a higher frequency of cytotoxic CD8+ effector and gamma delta (γδ) T cells in CR vs REL samples. Pseudotime and gene regulatory network analyses revealed that CR CD8+ T cells were more advanced in maturation and had a stronger cytotoxicity signature, whereas REL samples were characterized by inflammatory tumor necrosis factor/NF-κB signaling and an immunosuppressive milieu. We identified ADGRG1/GPR56 as a surface marker enriched in CR CD8+ T cells and confirmed in a CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell/AML coculture model that GPR56 becomes upregulated on T cells upon antigen encounter and elimination of AML cells. We show that GPR56 continuously increases at the protein level on CD8+ T cells after allo-HCT and confirm faster interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion upon re-exposure to matched, but not unmatched, recipient AML cells in the GPR56+ vs GPR56- CD8+ T-cell fraction. Together, our data provide a single-cell reference map of BM-derived T cells after allo-HCT and propose GPR56 expression dynamics as a surrogate for antigen encounter after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mathioudaki
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xizhe Wang
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Sedloev
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Huth
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aryan Kamal
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Spyridoula Vasileiou
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Premal Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Sauer
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith B. Zaugg
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Pabst
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Logghe T, van Zwol E, Immordino B, Van den Cruys K, Peeters M, Giovannetti E, Bogers J. Hyperthermia in Combination with Emerging Targeted and Immunotherapies as a New Approach in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38339258 PMCID: PMC10854776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the development of novel therapies, cancer continues to stand as a prominent global cause of death. In many cases, the cornerstone of standard-of-care therapy consists of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or a combination of both. Notably, hyperthermia (HT), which has been in clinical use in the last four decades, has proven to enhance the effectiveness of CT and RT, owing to its recognized potency as a sensitizer. Furthermore, HT exerts effects on all steps of the cancer-immunity cycle and exerts a significant impact on key oncogenic pathways. Most recently, there has been a noticeable expansion of cancer research related to treatment options involving immunotherapy (IT) and targeted therapy (TT), a trend also visible in the research and development pipelines of pharmaceutical companies. However, the potential results arising from the combination of these innovative therapeutic approaches with HT remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review aims to explore the oncology pipelines of major pharmaceutical companies, with the primary objective of identifying the principal targets of forthcoming therapies that have the potential to be advantageous for patients by specifically targeting molecular pathways involved in HT. The ultimate goal of this review is to pave the way for future research initiatives and clinical trials that harness the synergy between emerging IT and TT medications when used in conjunction with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Logghe
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Eke van Zwol
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Benoît Immordino
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Wang Y, He S, Calendo G, Bui T, Tian Y, Lee CY, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Abraham C, Mo W, Chen M, Sanders-Braggs R, Madzo J, Issa JP, Hexner EO, Wiest DL, Reshef R, Xue HH, Zhang Y. Tissue-infiltrating alloreactive T cells require Id3 to deflect PD-1-mediated immune suppression during GVHD. Blood 2024; 143:166-177. [PMID: 37871574 PMCID: PMC10797551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Persisting alloreactive donor T cells in target tissues are a determinant of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the transcriptional regulators that control the persistence and function of tissue-infiltrating T cells remain elusive. We demonstrate here that Id3, a DNA-binding inhibitor, is critical for sustaining T-cell responses in GVHD target tissues in mice, including the liver and intestine. Id3 loss results in aberrantly expressed PD-1 in polyfunctional T helper 1 (Th1) cells, decreased tissue-infiltrating PD-1+ polyfunctional Th1 cell numbers, impaired maintenance of liver TCF-1+ progenitor-like T cells, and inhibition of GVHD. PD-1 blockade restores the capacity of Id3-ablated donor T cells to mediate GVHD. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Id3 loss leads to significantly decreased CD28- and PI3K/AKT-signaling activity in tissue-infiltrating polyfunctional Th1 cells, an indicator of active PD-1/PD-L1 effects. Id3 is also required for protecting CD8+ T cells from the PD-1 pathway-mediated suppression during GVHD. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that Id3 represses transcription factors (e.g., Nfatc2, Fos, Jun, Ets1, and Prdm1) that are critical for PD-1 transcription, exuberant effector differentiation, and interferon responses and dysfunction of activated T cells. Id3 achieves these effects by restraining the chromatin accessibility for these transcription factors. Id3 ablation in donor T cells preserved their graft vs tumor effects in mice undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ID3 in human CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells retained their antitumor activity in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg-/- mice early after administration. These findings identify that ID3 is an important target to reduce GVHD, and the gene-editing program of ID3 may have broad implications in T-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tien Bui
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Che Young Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Ciril Abraham
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbin Mo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Mimi Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | | | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Elizabeth O. Hexner
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David L. Wiest
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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10
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Ren L, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Ju Y, Pang X, Sun X, Wang W, Zhang Y. CBX4 promotes antitumor immunity by suppressing Pdcd1 expression in T cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2694-2708. [PMID: 37691307 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (CBX4), a key component of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), has been reported to regulate a variety of genes implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its role in T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity remains elusive. To shed light on this issue, we generated mice with T-cell-specific deletion of Cbx4. Tumor growth was increased in the knockout mice. Additionally, their tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited impaired tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production, with an elevated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) level. In fact, dysregulated Pdcd1 expression was observed in all major subsets of peripheral T cells from the knockout mice, which was accompanied by a functional defect in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. In support of a direct link between CBX4 and PD-1, Cbx4 overexpression resulted in the downregulation of Pdcd1 expression. Epigenetic analyses indicated that Cbx4 deficiency leads to diminished accumulation of inhibitory histone modifications at conserved region (CR)-C and CR-B sites of the Pdcd1 promoter, namely mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) and trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Moreover, inhibition of either the E3 ligase activity of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) or the methyltransferase activity of polycomb-repressive complexes 2 (PRC2) restores Pdcd1 expression in Cbx4-transfected cells. Cumulatively, this study reveals a novel function of CBX4 in the regulation of T-cell function and expands our understanding of the epigenetic control of Pdcd1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, China
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11
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Chamoto K, Yaguchi T, Tajima M, Honjo T. Insights from a 30-year journey: function, regulation and therapeutic modulation of PD1. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:682-695. [PMID: 37185300 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PD1 was originally discovered in 1992 as a molecule associated with activation-induced cell death in T cells. Over the past 30 years, it was found that PD1 has a critical role in avoiding overactivation-induced cell death and autoimmunity, whereas its inhibition unleashes anticancer immunity. Here, we outline the journey from the discovery of PD1 to its role as a breakthrough target in cancer immunotherapy. We describe its regulation and function and examine how a mechanistic understanding of PD1 signalling suggests a central function in setting the T cell activation threshold, thereby controlling T cell proliferation, differentiation, exhaustion and metabolic status. This threshold theory, in combination with new insights into T cell metabolism and a better understanding of immune cell modulation by the microbiota, can provide guidance for the development of efficient combination therapies. Moreover, we discuss the mechanisms underlying immune-related adverse events after PD1-targeted therapy and their possible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tajima
- Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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12
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Rezayi M, Hosseini A. Structure of PD1 and its mechanism in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:726-737. [PMID: 37475518 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PD-1 and CTLA-4 can play an important role in addressing the issue of autoimmune diseases. PD-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on T, B, and Dentric cells. This molecule functions as a checkpoint in T cell proliferation. Ligation of PD-1 with its ligands inhibits the production of IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12 as well as other cytokines by macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells, which can suppress cell proliferation and inflammation. Today, scientists attempt to protect against autoimmune diseases by PD-1 inhibitory signals. In this review, we discuss the structure, expression, and signaling pathway of PD-1. In addition, we discuss the importance of PD-1 in regulating several autoimmune diseases, reflecting how manipulating this molecule can be an effective method in the immunotherapy of some autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rezayi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Marand Baranch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Trevisani V, Iughetti L, Lucaccioni L, Predieri B. Endocrine immune-related adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:441-451. [PMID: 37682107 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2256841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy modulates the response of the immune system acting against cancer. Two pathways impacted by this kind of treatment are the CTLA4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. ICI therapy can trigger autoimmune adverse effects, known as immune-related Adverse Events (irAEs). AREAS COVERED This review focuses on irAEs which affect the endocrine system. This review elucidates the pathways used by these drugs with a focus on the hypothetical pathogenesis at their basis. In fact, the pathophysiology of irAEs concerns the possibility of an interaction between cellular autoimmunity, humoral immunity, cytokines, chemokines, and genetics. The endocrine irAEs examined are thyroid dysfunctions, immune related-hypophysitis, diabetes, peripheral adrenal insufficiency, and hypoparathyroidism. EXPERT OPINION There is still much to investigate in endocrine irAES of checkpoint inhibitors. In the future, checkpoint inhibitors will be increasingly utilized therapies, and therefore it is crucial to find the proper diagnostic-therapeutic program for irAEs, especially as endocrine irAEs are nonreversible and require lifelong replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Trevisani
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Zhao J, Huh Y, Bortsov A, Diatchenko L, Ji RR. Immunotherapies in chronic pain through modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108476. [PMID: 37307899 PMCID: PMC10527194 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that immune activation can elicit pain through production of inflammatory mediators that can activate nociceptive sensory neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that immune activation may also contribute to the resolution of pain by producing distinct pro-resolution/anti-inflammatory mediators. Recent research into the connection between the immune and nervous systems has opened new avenues for immunotherapy in pain management. This review provides an overview of the most utilized forms of immunotherapies (e.g., biologics) and highlight their potential for immune and neuronal modulation in chronic pain. Specifically, we discuss pain-related immunotherapy mechanisms that target inflammatory cytokine pathways, the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, and the cGAS/STING pathway. This review also highlights cell-based immunotherapies targeting macrophages, T cells, neutrophils and mesenchymal stromal cells for chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yul Huh
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrey Bortsov
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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15
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Li Y, Wu B, Hossain MJ, Quagliata L, O'Meara C, Wilkins MR, Corley S, Khachigian LM. Flubendazole inhibits PD-1 and suppresses melanoma growth in immunocompetent mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:467. [PMID: 37452307 PMCID: PMC10349441 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the clinical management of a diverse range of cancer types, including advanced cutaneous melanoma. While immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 system has become standard of care, overall response rates remain unsatisfactory for most patients and there are no approved small molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 system. Flubendazole (FLU) is an anthelmintic that has been used to treat worm infections in humans and animals for decades. METHODS Here we tested the anti-cancer activity of systemically delivered FLU with suppression of PD-1 in immunocompetent mice. RESULTS In C57BL/6J mice bearing subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma, FLU reduced both tumor growth and PD-1 protein levels without affecting levels of PD-L1. FLU's suppression of PD-1 was accompanied by increased CD3+ T cell infiltration. Western blotting with extracts from human Jurkat T cells showed that FLU inhibited PD-1 protein expression, findings confirmed by flow cytometry. To gain mechanistic insights on FLU's ability to suppress PD-1 protein levels, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on extracts of Jurkat T cells exposed to the benzimidazole for 4 h. From a pool of 14,475 genes there were 1218 differentially-expressed genes; 687 with increased expression and 531 with decreased expression. Among the genes induced by FLU was the AP-1 family member, JUN and surprisingly, pdcd1. KEGG pathway analysis showed FLU up-regulated genes over-represented in multiple pathways (p < 0.01), the top hit being amoebiasis. FLU also affected the expression of genes in cancer-associated pathways, both through down-regulation and up-regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a large number of immunological signature gene sets correlated with FLU treatment, including gene sets associated with T cell differentiation, proliferation and function. The AP-1 inhibitor T5224 rescued PD-1 protein expression from inhibition by FLU. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that FLU can inhibit melanoma growth with PD-1 suppression in immunocompetent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Wu
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Jakir Hossain
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lily Quagliata
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Connor O'Meara
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- Systems Biology Initiative, Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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16
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Jung IY, Bartoszek RL, Rech AJ, Collins SM, Ooi SK, Williams EF, Hopkins CR, Narayan V, Haas NB, Frey NV, Hexner EO, Siegel DL, Plesa G, Porter DL, Cantu A, Everett JK, Guedan S, Berger SL, Bushman FD, Herbst F, Fraietta JA. Type I Interferon Signaling via the EGR2 Transcriptional Regulator Potentiates CAR T Cell-Intrinsic Dysfunction. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1636-1655. [PMID: 37011008 PMCID: PMC10330003 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promise in treating hematologic cancers, but resistance is common and efficacy is limited in solid tumors. We found that CAR T cells autonomously propagate epigenetically programmed type I interferon signaling through chronic stimulation, which hampers antitumor function. EGR2 transcriptional regulator knockout not only blocks this type I interferon-mediated inhibitory program but also independently expands early memory CAR T cells with improved efficacy against liquid and solid tumors. The protective effect of EGR2 deletion in CAR T cells against chronic antigen-induced exhaustion can be overridden by interferon-β exposure, suggesting that EGR2 ablation suppresses dysfunction by inhibiting type I interferon signaling. Finally, a refined EGR2 gene signature is a biomarker for type I interferon-associated CAR T cell failure and shorter patient survival. These findings connect prolonged CAR T cell activation with deleterious immunoinflammatory signaling and point to an EGR2-type I interferon axis as a therapeutically amenable biological system. SIGNIFICANCE To improve CAR T cell therapy outcomes, modulating molecular determinants of CAR T cell-intrinsic resistance is crucial. Editing the gene encoding the EGR2 transcriptional regulator renders CAR T cells impervious to type I interferon pathway-induced dysfunction and improves memory differentiation, thereby addressing major barriers to progress for this emerging class of cancer immunotherapies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L. Bartoszek
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J. Rech
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra M. Collins
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soon-Keat Ooi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik F. Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Hopkins
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naomi B. Haas
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noelle V. Frey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth O. Hexner
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald L. Siegel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David L. Porter
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adrian Cantu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John K. Everett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lead Contact
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17
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Song D, Lian Y, Zhang L. The potential of activator protein 1 (AP-1) in cancer targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224892. [PMID: 37483616 PMCID: PMC10361657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that consists of a diverse group of members including Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF. AP-1 involves a number of processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in cells. Dysfunctional AP-1 activity is associated with cancer initiation, development, invasion, migration and drug resistance. Therefore, AP-1 is a potential target for cancer targeted therapy. Currently, some small molecule inhibitors targeting AP-1 have been developed and tested, showing some anticancer effects. However, AP-1 is complex and diverse in its structure and function, and different dimers may play different roles in different type of cancers. Therefore, more research is needed to reveal the specific mechanisms of AP-1 in cancer, and how to select appropriate inhibitors and treatment strategies. Ultimately, this review summarizes the potential of combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lian
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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18
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Zhao Y, Qu Y, Hao C, Yao W. PD-1/PD-L1 axis in organ fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145682. [PMID: 37275876 PMCID: PMC10235450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological tissue repair activity in which many myofibroblasts are activated and extracellular matrix are excessively accumulated, leading to the formation of permanent scars and finally organ failure. A variety of organs, including the lung, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, can undergo fibrosis under the stimulation of various exogenous or endogenous pathogenic factors. At present, the pathogenesis of fibrosis is still not fully elucidated, but it is known that the immune system plays a key role in the initiation and progression of fibrosis. Immune checkpoint molecules are key regulators to maintain immune tolerance and homeostasis, among which the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis has attracted much attention. The exciting achievements of tumor immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 provide new insights into its use as a therapeutic target for other diseases. In recent years, the role of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in fibrosis has been preliminarily explored, further confirming the close relationship among PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, immune regulation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the structure, expression, function, and regulatory mechanism of PD-1 and PD-L1, and summarizes the research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wu Yao
- *Correspondence: Wu Yao, ; Changfu Hao,
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19
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Lai X, Li R, Wang P, Li M, Xiao C, Cao Q, Li X, Zhao W. Cumulative effects of weakly repressive regulatory regions in the 3' UTR maintain PD-1 expression homeostasis in mammals. Commun Biol 2023; 6:537. [PMID: 37202440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 has become a common target for cancer treatment. However, the molecular regulation of PD-1 expression homeostasis remains unclear. Here we report the PD-1 3' UTR can dramatically repress gene expression via promoting mRNA decay. Deletion of the PD-1 3' UTR inhibits T cell activity and promotes T-ALL cell proliferation. Interestingly, the robust repression is attributable to cumulative effects of many weak regulatory regions, which we show together are better able to maintain PD-1 expression homeostasis. We further identify several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that modulate PD-1 expression via the 3' UTR, including IGF2BP2, RBM38, SRSF7, and SRSF4. Moreover, despite rapid evolution, PD-1 3' UTRs are functionally conserved and strongly repress gene expression through many common RBP binding sites. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of maintaining PD-1 expression homeostasis and might represent a general model for how small regulatory effects play big roles in regulation of gene expression and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lai
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Rong Li
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Meng Li
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chenxi Xiao
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xin Li
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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20
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Rong D, Wang Y, Liu L, Cao H, Huang T, Liu H, Hao X, Sun G, Sun G, Zheng Z, Kang J, Xia Y, Chen Z, Tang W, Wang X. GLIS1 intervention enhances anti-PD1 therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SGK1-STAT3-PD1 pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005126. [PMID: 36787938 PMCID: PMC9930610 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLI-similar 1 (GLIS1) is one of of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins, which are either stimulators or inhibitors of genetic transcription. Nevertheless, its effects on T cell were elusive. METHODS In this study, we intend to explore the effects of GLIS1 on modulating the anticancer potency of CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of GLIS1 in CD8 peripheral blood mononuclear cell and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of HCC tissues was validated by quantificational real-time-PCR and flow cytometry. The anticancer potency of CD8+ T cells with GLIS1 knock down was confirmed in C57BL/6 mouse model and HCC patient-derived xenograft mice model. GLIS1-/- C57BL/6 mice was applied to explore the effects GLIS1 on tumor immune microenvironment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis were both performed in GLIS1-knock down of CD8+ T cells. RESULTS GLIS1 was upregulated in exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC. GLIS1 downregulation in CD8+ T cells repressed cancer development, elevated the infiltrate ability of CD8+ T cells, mitigated CD8+ T cell exhaustion and ameliorated the anti-PD1 reaction of CD8+ T cells in HCC. The causal link beneath this included transcriptional regulation of SGK1-STAT3-PD1 pathway by GLIS1, thereby maintaining the abundant PD1 expression on the surface of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that GLIS1 promoted CD8+ T cell exhaustion in HCC through transcriptional regulating SGK1-STAT3-PD1 pathway. Downregulating the expression of GLIS1 in CD8+ T cells exerted an effect with anti-PD1 treatment synergistically, revealing a prospective method for HCC immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengsong Cao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopei Hao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiying Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Kang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
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21
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Tyagi T, Jain K, Yarovinsky TO, Chiorazzi M, Du J, Castro C, Griffin J, Korde A, Martin KA, Takyar SS, Flavell RA, Patel AA, Hwa J. Platelet-derived TLT-1 promotes tumor progression by suppressing CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213620. [PMID: 36305874 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms forms the basis for modern day immunotherapies. Immunoregulatory role of platelets in cancer remains largely elusive. Platelets from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients revealed a distinct activation phenotype. TREM-like transcript 1 (TLT-1), a platelet protein, was increased along with enhanced extracellular release from NSCLC platelets. The increased platelet TLT-1 was also evident in humanized mice with patient-derived tumors. In immunocompetent mice with syngeneic tumors, TLT-1 binding to T cells, in vivo, led to suppression of CD8 T cells, promoting tumor growth. We identified direct interaction between TLT-1 and CD3ε on T cells, implicating the NF-κB pathway in CD8 T cell suppression. Anti-TLT-1 antibody rescued patients' T cells from platelet-induced suppression ex vivo and reduced tumors in mice in vivo. Clinically, higher TLT-1 correlated with reduced survival of NSCLC patients. Our findings thus identify TLT-1 as a platelet-derived immunosuppressor that suppresses CD8 T cells and demonstrate its therapeutic and prognostic significance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Chiorazzi
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Jing Du
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cecilia Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jules Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Asawari Korde
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Yale Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shervin S Takyar
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Yale Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Abhijit A Patel
- Yale Therapeutic Radiology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
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22
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Lv J, Qin L, Zhao R, Wu D, Wu Z, Zheng D, Li S, Luo M, Wu Q, Long Y, Tang Z, Tang YL, Luo X, Yao Y, Yang LH, Li P. Disruption of CISH promotes the antitumor activity of human T cells and decreases PD-1 expression levels. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 28:46-58. [PMID: 36654786 PMCID: PMC9827364 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment suppress the antitumor activity of T cells through immune checkpoints, including the PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, inhibits JAK-STAT and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in T and natural killer (NK) cells. However, its role in the regulation of immune checkpoints in T cells remains unclear. In this study, we ablated CISH in T cells with CRISPR-Cas9 and found that the sensitivity of T cells to TCR and cytokine stimulation was increased. In addition, chimeric antigen receptor T cells with CISH deficiency exhibited longer survival and higher cytokine secretion and antitumor activity. Notably, PD-1 expression was decreased in activated CISH-deficient T cells in vitro and in vivo. The level of FBXO38, a ubiquitination-regulating protein that reduces PD-1 expression, was elevated in activated T cells after CISH ablation. Hence, this study reveals a mechanism by which CISH promotes PD-1 expression by suppressing the expression of FBXO38 and proposes a new strategy for augmenting the therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells by inhibiting CISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lv
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Le Qin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Di Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Mintao Luo
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Youguo Long
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- Guangdong Zhaotai InVivo Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xuequn Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yao Yao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern China Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China,Corresponding author Li-Hua Yang, Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern China Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Peng Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China,Corresponding author Peng Li, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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23
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Powell MD, Lu P, Neeld DK, Kania AK, George-Alexander LEM, Bally AP, Scharer CD, Boss JM. IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Axis Enhances and Prolongs Pdcd1 Expression in Murine CD8 T Cells. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:872-882. [PMID: 36547389 PMCID: PMC10103150 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 cytotoxic T cells are a potent line of defense against invading pathogens. To aid in curtailing aberrant immune responses, the activation status of CD8 T cells is highly regulated. One mechanism in which CD8 T cell responses are dampened is via signaling through the immune-inhibitory receptor Programmed Cell Death Protein-1, encoded by Pdcd1. Pdcd1 expression is regulated through engagement of the TCR, as well as by signaling from extracellular cytokines. Understanding such pathways has influenced the development of numerous clinical treatments. In this study, we showed that signals from the cytokine IL-6 enhanced Pdcd1 expression when paired with TCR stimulation in murine CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, signals from IL-6 were propagated through activation of the transcription factor STAT3, resulting in IL-6-dependent binding of STAT3 to Pdcd1 cis-regulatory elements. Intriguingly, IL-6 stimulation overcame B Lymphocyte Maturation Protein 1-mediated epigenetic repression of Pdcd1, which resulted in a transcriptionally permissive landscape marked by heightened histone acetylation. Furthermore, in vivo-activated CD8 T cells derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection required STAT3 for optimal Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 surface expression. Importantly, STAT3 was the only member of the STAT family present at Pdcd1 regulatory elements in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Ag-specific CD8 T cells. Collectively, these data define mechanisms by which the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis can enhance and prolong Pdcd1 expression in murine CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peiyuan Lu
- Current Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Dennis K. Neeld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna K. Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current Address: Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Alexander P.R. Bally
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current Address: Zoetis Inc, 3185 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Laba S, Mallett G, Amarnath S. The depths of PD-1 function within the tumor microenvironment beyond CD8 + T cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1045-1055. [PMID: 34048897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed in both innate and adaptive immune cells. The role of PD-1 in adaptive immune cells, specifically in CD8+ T cells, has been thoroughly investigated but its significance in other immune cells is yet to be well established. This review will address the role of PD-1 based therapies in enhancing non-CD8+ T cell immune responses within cancer. Specifically, the expression and function of PD-1 in non-CD8+ immune cell compartments such as CD4+ T helper cell subsets, myeloid cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) will be discussed. By understanding the immune cell specific function of PD-1 within tissue resident innate and adaptive immune cells, it will be possible to stratify patients for PD-1 based therapies for both immunogeneic and non-immunogeneic neoplastic disorders. With this knowledge from fundamental and translational studies, PD-1 based therapies can be utilized to enhance T cell independent immune responses in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Laba
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Grace Mallett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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Alkholifi FK, Alsaffar RM. Dostarlimab an Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1: A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1572. [PMID: 36363529 PMCID: PMC9694305 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunomodulation checkpoints usually adopted by healthy cells by tumors might cause an imbalance between host surveillance and tumor progression. Several tumors are incredibly resistant to standard treatment. The dynamic and long-lasting tumor regressions caused by antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint have suggested a rebalancing of the host-tumor relationship. Checkpoint antibody inhibitors, like anti-PD-1/PD-L1, are unique inhibitors that reduce tumor growth by modulating the interaction between immune cells and tumor cells. These checkpoint inhibitors are swiftly emerging as a highly promising strategy for treating cancer because they produce impressive antitumor responses while having a limited number of adverse effects. Over the past several years, numerous checkpoint antibody inhibitors pointing to PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4 have been available on the market. Despite its enormous success and usefulness, the anti-PD treatment response is restricted to certain kinds of cancer. This restriction can be attributed to the inadequate and diverse PD-1 expression in the tumor (MET) micro-environment. Dostarlimab (TSR-042), a drug that interferes with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, eliminates a crucial inhibitory response of an immune system and, as a result, has the potential to cause severe or deadly immune-mediated adverse effects. As cancer immunotherapy, dostarlimab enhances the antitumor immune response of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Zhong M, Gao R, Zhao R, Huang Y, Chen C, Li K, Yu X, Nie D, Chen Z, Liu X, Liu Z, Chen S, Lu Y, Yu Z, Wang L, Li P, Zeng C, Li Y. BET bromodomain inhibition rescues PD-1-mediated T-cell exhaustion in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:671. [PMID: 35918330 PMCID: PMC9346138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustained expression of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) is correlated with the exhaustion of T cells, and blockade of the PD-1 pathway is an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for treating various cancers. However, response rates are limited, and many patients do not achieve durable responses. Thus, it is important to seek additional strategies that can improve anticancer immunity. Here, we report that the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 inhibits PD-1 expression in Jurkat T cells, primary T cells, and T-cell exhaustion models. Furthermore, JQ1 dramatically impaired the expression of PD-1 and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (Tim-3) and promoted the secretion of cytokines in T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In line with that, BET inhibitor-treated CD19-CAR T and CD123-CAR T cells have enhanced anti-leukemia potency and resistant to exhaustion. Mechanistically, BRD4 binds to the NFAT2 and PDCD1 (encoding PD-1) promoters, and NFAT2 binds to the PDCD1 and HAVCR2 (encoding Tim-3) promoters. JQ1-treated T cells showed downregulated NFAT2, PD-1, and Tim-3 expression. In addition, BET inhibitor suppressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and cell growth in AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. We also demonstrated that JQ1 treatment led to inhibition of leukemia progression, reduced T-cell PD-1/Tim-3 expression, and prolonged survival in MLL-AF9 AML mouse model and Nalm6 (B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell)-bearing mouse leukemia model. Taken together, BET inhibition improved anti-leukemia immunity by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and also directly suppressed AML cells, which provides novel insights on the multiple effects of BET inhibition for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhong
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rili Gao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Cell Regeneration and Biotherapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youxue Huang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cunte Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kehan Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xibao Yu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dingrui Nie
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuandi Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Cell Regeneration and Biotherapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Transcriptional regulation of the immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:861-862. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Abdel-Salam LO, El Hanbuli H, Abdelhafez DN. Tumoral and Stromal Pdl1 and Pdl2 Checkpoints Immunohistochemical Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, a Promising Field Of Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is world-widely considered as one of the most malignant tumors. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), via its ligands PDL1 and PDL2 plays a critical role in cancer immunoediting. The ligands are expressed in many solid tumors and there is an emerging hope of using anti-PDL in cancer immunotherapy.
Material and methods:
This study included 40 patients with PDAC who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. PDL1 and PDL2 pancreatic expression were evaluated in these patients using immunohistochemical staining and correlated their expression levels with each patient’s reported clinicopathological features.
Results:
There were significant relations between high tumoral PDL1 expression and the PDAC tumor histologic grade (p= 0.021) and the tumor status (T) (p= 0.022), while the stromal expression of PDL1 showed non-significant relation with any of the studied features. There were significant relations between high tumoral PDL2 expression and tumor stage (p=0.012), while the stromal expression of PDL2 showed significant relation with tumor status, lymph node status, tumor stage and the presence lympho-vascular invasion with P value equal 0.001, 0.009, 0.009, 0.045 respectively.
Conclusion:
This study showed that in PDAC patients high tumoral PDL1 and PDL2 expression was associated with some important prognostic factors, while only stromal PDL2 expression was significantly associated with most of the studied prognostic features emphasizing a role of both markers in the prognosis of this neoplasm.
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The evolutionary legacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:491-498. [PMID: 35341912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have marked their existence in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Their existence dates to 2011 when the first anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) got its FDA approval for the management of metastatic melanoma. The class of ICIs now also include antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) which immediately gained FDA approval for use against multiple cancer types because of their effect on patient survival. These discoveries were followed by a significant rise in the identification of novel ICIs with potential anti-tumor response. Researchers have identified various novel checkpoint inhibitors which are currently under clinical trials. Despite the success of ICIs, only a small subset of patients with specific tumor types achieves a promising response. Not only efficient therapeutic response but also development of resistance, recurrence and other immune-related adverse effects limit the applicability of immune checkpoint inhibitors. These challenges can only be addressed when a directed approach is implemented at both basic and translational level. In this review, we have briefly discussed the history of ICIs, the next generation of inhibitors which are currently under clinical trial and mechanisms of resistance that can lead to treatment failure. Ultimately, by combining these insights researchers might be able to achieve a more durable and effective response in cancer patients.
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Cheng S, Li F, Qin H, Ping Y, Zhao Q, Gao Q, Song M, Qu J, Shan J, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Lian J, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang Y. Long Noncoding RNA lncNDEPD1 Regulates PD-1 Expression via miR-3619-5p in CD8 + T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1483-1492. [PMID: 35246494 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Therapies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have gained great success in patients with multiple types of cancer. The regulatory mechanisms underlying PD-1 expression have been extensively explored. However, the impact of long noncoding RNAs on PD-1 expression remains elusive. In this study, we identified the Notch1/lncNDEPD1 axis, which plays a critical role in PD-1 expression in human CD8+ T cells. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR data showed that lncNDEPD1 was upregulated in activated T cells, especially in PD-1high subsets. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that lncNDEPD1 was localized in the cytoplasm. A mechanistic study showed that lncNDEPD1 could bind with miR-3619-5p and PDCD1 mRNA to prevent PDCD1 mRNA degradation and then upregulate PD-1 expression. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Notch1 directly binds to the promoter of lncNDEPD1 instead of PDCD1 Furthermore, chimeric Ag receptor T cells expressing lncNDEPD1-specific short hairpin RNAs were generated. Chimeric Ag receptor T cells with decreased lncNDEPD1 expression showed enhanced tumoricidal effects when PD-L1 was present. Our work uncovered a new regulatory mechanism of PD-1 expression and thus provided a potential target to decrease PD-1 without affecting T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Cheng
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqi Shan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yi Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China;
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; and
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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31
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Jafarzadeh A, Kumar S, Bodhale N, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M, Sharifi I, Sarkar A, Saha B. The expression of PD-1 and its ligands increases in Leishmania infection and its blockade reduces the parasite burden. Cytokine 2022; 153:155839. [PMID: 35276636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligands- PD-L1 and PD-L2- on T cells and macrophages', respectively, increases in Leishmania infection. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction induces T cell anergy, T cell apoptosis and exhaustion, diversion of T cells toward TH2 and T-reg cells but inhibits M1 macrophage activities by suppression of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These changes exacerbate Leishmania infection. As PD-L1-deficient, but not PD-L2-deficient, mice were protected againstL. mexicanainfection, differential roles have been proposed for PD-L1 and PD-L2 in mouse models of leishmaniasis. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in various in vitro and Leishmania-infected mouse, hamster and dog models enhanced IFN-γ and NO production, reduced IL-10 and TGF-β generation, promoted T cell proliferation and reduced parasite burden. Therefore, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore protective immunity during leishmaniasis, particularly, in drug-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre For Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre For Cell Science, Pune 411007, India; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Wilczyński JR, Nowak M. Cancer Immunoediting: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Immune Escape in Solid Tumors. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:1-57. [PMID: 35165859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emphasizing the dynamic processes between cancer and host immune system, the initially discovered concept of cancer immunosurveillance has been replaced by the current concept of cancer immunoediting consisting of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Solid tumors composed of both cancer and host stromal cells are an example how the three phases of cancer immunoediting functionally evolve and how tumor shaped by the host immune system gets finally resistant phenotype. The elimination, equilibrium, and escape have been described in this chapter in details, including the role of immune surveillance, cancer dormancy, disruption of the antigen-presenting machinery, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, resistance to apoptosis, as well as the function of tumor stroma, microvesicles, exosomes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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33
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Wei J, Zhang J, Wang D, Cen B, Lang JD, DuBois RN. The COX-2-PGE2 pathway promotes tumor evasion in colorectal adenomas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:285-296. [PMID: 35121582 PMCID: PMC9064954 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the regulation of a checkpoint receptor, PD-1, in tumor-infiltrating immune cells during the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that COX-2-derived PGE2, an inflammatory mediator and tumor promoter, induces PD-1 expression by enhancing NF-κB's binding to the PD-1 promoter via an EP4-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in both CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Moreover, PGE2 suppresses CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity against tumor cells and impairs macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells via an EP4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB-PD-1 signaling pathway. In contrast, inhibiting the COX-2-PGE2-EP4 pathway increases intestinal CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation and enhances intestinal macrophage phagocytosis of carcinoma cells accompanied by reduction of PD-1 expression in intestinal CD8+ T cells and macrophages in ApcMin/+ mice. PD-1 expression correlates well with COX-2 levels in human CRC specimens. Both elevated PD-1 and COX-2 are associated with poorer overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. Our results uncover a novel role of PGE2 in tumor immune evasion. They may provide the rationale for developing new therapeutic approaches to subvert this process by targeting immune checkpoint pathways using EP4 antagonists. In addition, our findings reveal a novel mechanism explaining how NSAIDs reduce colorectal cancer risk by suppressing tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Dingzhi Wang
- Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Bo Cen
- Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics, TGen (Translational Genomics Research Institute)
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
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Singh V, Khurana A, Allawadhi P, Banothu AK, Bharani KK, Weiskirchen R. Emerging Role of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:790963. [PMID: 35002724 PMCID: PMC8733625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.790963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand (L)1, the immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of various diseases including chronic liver diseases (CLDs) such as hepatitis, liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of PD-1/PD-L1 has been widely inspected in the treatment of viral hepatitis and HCC. PD-1 is known to play a crucial role in inhibiting immunological responses and stimulates self-tolerance by regulating the T-cell activity. Further, it promotes apoptosis of antigen-specific T-cells while preventing apoptosis of Treg cells. PD-L1 is a trans-membrane protein which is recognized as a co-inhibitory factor of immunological responses. Both, PD-1 and PD-L1 function together to downregulate the proliferation of PD-1 positive cells, suppress the expression of cytokines and stimulate apoptosis. Owing to the importance of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, this review aims to summarize the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in CLDs along with toxicities associated with them. We have enlisted some of the important roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in CLDs, the clinically approved products and the pipelines of drugs under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital,Aachen, Germany
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital,Aachen, Germany
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35
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Li Z, Sun G, Sun G, Cheng Y, Wu L, Wang Q, Lv C, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Tang W. Various Uses of PD1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771335. [PMID: 34869005 PMCID: PMC8635629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cancer are closely related to the immune escape of tumor cells and immune tolerance. Unlike previous surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that uses various means to stimulate and enhance the immune function of the body, and ultimately achieves the goal of controlling tumor cells.With the in-depth understanding of tumor immune escape mechanism and tumor microenvironment, and the in-depth study of tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by Programmed Death 1/Programmed cell Death-Ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are becoming increasingly significant in cancer medication treatment. employ a variety of ways to avoid detection by the immune system, a single strategy is not more effective in overcoming tumor immune evasion and metastasis. Combining different immune agents or other drugs can effectively address situations where immunotherapy is not efficacious, thereby increasing the chances of success and alternative access to alternative immunotherapy. Immune combination therapies for cancer have become a hot topic in cancer treatment today. In this paper, several combination therapeutic modalities of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are systematically reviewed. Finally, an analysis and outlook are provided in the context of the recent advances in combination therapy with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the pressing issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ma X, Somasundaram A, Qi Z, Hartman D, Singh H, Osmanbeyoglu H. SPaRTAN, a computational framework for linking cell-surface receptors to transcriptional regulators. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9633-9647. [PMID: 34500467 PMCID: PMC8464045 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity and functions of specialized cell types are dependent on the complex interplay between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recently single-cell technologies have been developed that enable simultaneous quantitative analysis of cell-surface receptor expression with transcriptional states. To date, these datasets have not been used to systematically develop cell-context-specific maps of the interface between signaling and transcriptional regulators orchestrating cellular identity and function. We present SPaRTAN (Single-cell Proteomic and RNA based Transcription factor Activity Network), a computational method to link cell-surface receptors to transcription factors (TFs) by exploiting cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) datasets with cis-regulatory information. SPaRTAN is applied to immune cell types in the blood to predict the coupling of signaling receptors with cell context-specific TFs. Selected predictions are validated by prior knowledge and flow cytometry analyses. SPaRTAN is then used to predict the signaling coupled TF states of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesotheliomas. SPaRTAN enhances the utility of CITE-seq datasets to uncover TF and cell-surface receptor relationships in diverse cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zengbiao Qi
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hatice Ulku Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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PLK1/vimentin signaling facilitates immune escape by recruiting Smad2/3 to PD-L1 promoter in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2745-2764. [PMID: 33963314 PMCID: PMC8408167 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prerequisite function of vimentin for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not clearly elucidated yet. Here, we show that vimentin phosphorylated by PLK1, triggers TGF-β-signaling, which consequently leads to metastasis and PD-L1 expression for immune suppression in lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical correlation between expression of both vimentin and PLK1, and overall survival rates of patients was significant in lung adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. The phosphorylation of vimentin was accompanied by the activation of PLK1 during TGF-β-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma. Among the several phosphorylation sites determined by phospho-proteomic analysis and the site-specific mutagenesis, the phosphorylation at S339 displayed the most effective metastasis and tumourigenesis with the highest expression of PD-L1, compared with that of wild-type and other versions in both 3D cell culture and tail-vein injection metastasis models. Phosphomimetic vimentin at S339 interacted with p-Smad2 for its nuclear localization, leading to the expression of PD-L1. Clinical relevance revealed the inverse correlation between the survival rates of patients and the expressions of VIM, PLK1, and CD274 in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of vimentin activates TGF-β signaling pathway, leading to the metastasis and immune escape through the expression of PD-L1, functioning as a shuttling protein in lung adenocarcinoma.
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38
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Okoye I, Xu L, Oyegbami O, Shahbaz S, Pink D, Gao P, Sun X, Elahi S. Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enhance HIV-1 Infection of Activated CD4 + T Cells and Promote the Activation of Latently Infected J-Lat10.6 Cells via miR-139-5p Transfer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697604. [PMID: 34249000 PMCID: PMC8264662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV latency is a challenge to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Hence patients may benefit from interventions that efficiently reactivate the latent virus to be eliminated by ARTs. Here we show that plasma extracellular vesicles (pEVs) can enhance HIV infection of activated CD4+ T cells and reactivate the virus in latently infected J-Lat 10.6 cells. Evaluation of the extravesicular miRNA cargo by a PCR array revealed that pEVs from HIV patients express miR-139-5p. Furthermore, we found that increased levels of miR-139-5p in J-Lat 10.6 cells incubated with pEVs corresponded with reduced expression of the transcription factor, FOXO1. pEV treatment also corresponded with increased miR-139-5p expression in stimulated PD1+ Jurkat cells, but with concomitant upregulation of FOXO1, Fos, Jun, PD-1 and PD-L1. However, J-Lat 10.6 cells incubated with miR-139-5p inhibitor-transfected pEVs from HIV ART-naïve and on-ART patients expressed reduced levels of miR-139-5p than cells treated with pEVs from healthy controls (HC). Collectively, our results indicate that pEV miR-139-5p belongs to a network of miRNAs that can promote cell activation, including latent HIV-infected cells by regulating the expression of FOXO1 and the PD1/PD-L1 promoters, Fos and Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Okoye
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lai Xu
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Olaide Oyegbami
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shima Shahbaz
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Desmond Pink
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Priscilla Gao
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Division of Foundational Sciences, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Chen C, Guo Q, Fu H, Yu J, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Duan Y. Asynchronous blockade of PD-L1 and CD155 by polymeric nanoparticles inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120988. [PMID: 34186238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy shows durable responses to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the response rate is low. CD155 promotes tumor metastasis intrinsically and modulates the immune response extrinsically as the ligand of DNAM-1 (costimulatory receptor) and TIGIT/CD96 (coinhibitory receptors). Herein, we verified that TNBC cells coexpressed PD-L1 and CD155. By examining the receptors of PD-L1 and CD155 on TNBC tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) over time, we observed that PD-1 and DNAM-1 were upregulated early, whereas CD96 and TIGIT were upregulated late in CD8+ TILs. Based on these findings, we developed CD155 siRNA (siCD155)-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL (PEAL) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with PD-L1 blocking antibodies (P/PEALsiCD155) to asynchronously block PD-L1 and CD155 in a spatiotemporal manner. P/PEALsiCD155 maximized early-stage CD8+ T cell immune surveillance against 4T1 tumor, whereas reversed inhibition status of the late stage CD8+ T cells to prevent 4T1 tumor immune escape. In addition, the combination of P/PEALsiCD155 and tumor-specific CD8 T cells induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of 4T1 cells to further boost immune checkpoint therapy. Most importantly, P/PEALsiCD155 displayed excellent TNBC targeting and induced CD8+ TILs-dominant intratumor antitumor immunity to efficiently inhibit TNBC progression and metastasis with excellent safety in a syngeneic 4T1 orthotopic TNBC tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chi Z, Lu Y, Yang Y, Li B, Lu P. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3239-3246. [PMID: 33738533 PMCID: PMC11073161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that plays important roles in regulating T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance. PD-1 signaling prevents T cells from overactivation during acute infections, but it maintains T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Tumor cells can exploit the PD-1 signaling pathway to evade antitumor immune responses. The PD-1 signaling pathway is also essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. PD-1 expression is strictly and differentially regulated by diverse mechanisms in immune cells. It is activated and repressed by distinct transcription factors in different circumstances. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms are also involved in regulating PD-1 expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression during different immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengde Chi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yinlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Peiyuan Lu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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41
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Peltier D, Radosevich M, Ravikumar V, Pitchiaya S, Decoville T, Wood SC, Hou G, Zajac C, Oravecz-Wilson K, Sokol D, Henig I, Wu J, Kim S, Taylor A, Fujiwara H, Sun Y, Rao A, Chinnaiyan AM, Goldstein DR, Reddy P. RNA-seq of human T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation identifies Linc00402 as a regulator of T cell alloimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/585/eaaz0316. [PMID: 33731431 PMCID: PMC8589011 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing allogeneic T cell responses after solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are incompletely understood. To identify lncRNAs that regulate human donor T cells after clinical HSCT, we performed RNA sequencing on T cells from healthy individuals and donor T cells from three different groups of HSCT recipients that differed in their degree of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatch. We found that lncRNA differential expression was greatest in T cells after MHC-mismatched HSCT relative to T cells after either MHC-matched or autologous HSCT. Differential expression was validated in an independent patient cohort and in mixed lymphocyte reactions using ex vivo healthy human T cells. We identified Linc00402, an uncharacterized lncRNA, among the lncRNAs differentially expressed between the mismatched unrelated and matched unrelated donor T cells. We found that Linc00402 was conserved and exhibited an 88-fold increase in human T cells relative to all other samples in the FANTOM5 database. Linc00402 was also increased in donor T cells from patients who underwent allogeneic cardiac transplantation and in murine T cells. Linc00402 was reduced in patients who subsequently developed acute graft-versus-host disease. Linc00402 enhanced the activity of ERK1 and ERK2, increased FOS nuclear accumulation, and augmented expression of interleukin-2 and Egr-1 after T cell receptor engagement. Functionally, Linc00402 augmented the T cell proliferative response to an allogeneic stimulus but not to a nominal ovalbumin peptide antigen or polyclonal anti-CD3/CD28 stimulus. Thus, our studies identified Linc00402 as a regulator of allogeneic T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peltier
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Molly Radosevich
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Radiation Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | | | - Thomas Decoville
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Sherri C. Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Cynthia Zajac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Katherine Oravecz-Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - David Sokol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Israel Henig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Julia Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Austin Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Radiation Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 48109
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program of Michigan Biology of Cardiovascular Aging, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.,Corresponding Author: Pavan Reddy,
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Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:2735-2746. [PMID: 33854633 PMCID: PMC8040720 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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43
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Yang P, Liu L, Sun L, Fang P, Snyder N, Saredy J, Ji Y, Shen W, Qin X, Wu Q, Yang X, Wang H. Immunological Feature and Transcriptional Signaling of Ly6C Monocyte Subsets From Transcriptome Analysis in Control and Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632333. [PMID: 33717169 PMCID: PMC7947624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Murine monocytes (MC) are classified into Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow MC. Ly6Chigh MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14++CD16+ intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. Methods RNA-seq was performed in blood Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow MC sorted by flow cytometry from control and HHcy cystathionine β-synthase gene-deficient (Cbs-/-) mice. Transcriptome data were analyzed by comparing Ly6Chigh vs. Ly6Clow in control mice, Ly6Chigh vs. Ly6Clow in Cbs-/- mice, Cbs-/- Ly6Chigh vs. control Ly6Chigh MC and Cbs-/- Ly6Clow vs. control Ly6Clow MC by using intensive bioinformatic strategies. Significantly differentially expressed (SDE) immunological genes and transcription factor (TF) were selected for functional pathways and transcriptional signaling identification. Results A total of 7,928 SDE genes and 46 canonical pathways derived from it were identified. Ly6Chigh MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6Clow MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. Twenty-four potential transcriptional regulatory pathways were identified based on SDE TFs matched with their corresponding SDE immunological genes. Ly6Chigh MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. Ly6Chigh MC expressed higher levels of macrophage (MΦ) markers, whereas, Ly6Clow MC highly expressed lymphocyte markers in both mice. HHcy in Cbs-/- mice reinforced inflammatory features in Ly6Chigh MC by upregulating inflammatory TFs (Ets1 and Tbx21) and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6Clow MC by increased expression of CD3, DR3, ICOS, and Fos. Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6Chigh to Ly6Clow MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6Chigh MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6Clow MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. Conclusions Ly6Chigh MC displayed enriched inflammatory pathways and favored to be differentiated into MΦ. Ly6Clow MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. HHcy reinforced inflammatory feature in Ly6Chigh MC and strengthened lymphocytes functional adaptation in Ly6Clow MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizhe Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Lim SA, Wei J, Nguyen TLM, Shi H, Su W, Palacios G, Dhungana Y, Chapman NM, Long L, Saravia J, Vogel P, Chi H. Lipid signalling enforces functional specialization of T reg cells in tumours. Nature 2021; 591:306-311. [PMID: 33627871 PMCID: PMC8168716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for immune tolerance1 but also drive immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME)2. Therapeutic targeting of Treg cells in cancer requires the identification of context-specific mechanisms for Treg cell function. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-dependent lipid synthesis and metabolic signalling in Treg cells unleashes effective antitumour immune responses without autoimmune toxicity. SREBP activity is upregulated in intratumoural Treg cells, and Treg cell-specific deletion of SCAP, an obligatory factor for SREBP activity, inhibits tumour growth and boosts anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, associated with uncontrolled IFN-γ production and impaired function of intratumoural Treg cells. Mechanistically, SCAP/SREBP signalling coordinates lipid synthetic programs and inhibitory receptor signalling in Treg cells. First, de novo fatty acid synthesis mediated by fatty acid synthase (FASN) contributes to functional maturation of Treg cells, and loss of FASN in Treg cells inhibits tumour growth. Second, Treg cells show enhanced Pdcd1 expression in tumours in a process dependent on SREBP activity that further signals to mevalonate metabolism-driven protein geranylgeranylation, and blocking PD-1 or SREBP signaling results in dysregulated PI3K activation in intratumoural Treg cells. Our findings establish that metabolic reprogramming enforces Treg cell functional specialization in tumours, pointing to new avenues to target Treg cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thanh-Long M Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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He D, Wang D, Lu P, Yang N, Xue Z, Zhu X, Zhang P, Fan G. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneous tumor and immune cell populations in early-stage lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations. Oncogene 2021; 40:355-368. [PMID: 33144684 PMCID: PMC7808940 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring EGFR mutations prevails in Asian population. However, the inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity has not been addressed at single-cell resolution. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of total 125,674 cells from seven stage-I/II LUAD samples harboring EGFR mutations and five tumor-adjacent lung tissues. We identified diverse cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which myeloid cells and T cells were the most abundant stromal cell types in tumors and adjacent lung tissues. Within tumors, accompanied by an increase in CD1C+ dendritic cells, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) showed pro-tumoral functions without signature gene expression of defined M1 or M2 polarization. Tumor-infiltrating T cells mainly displayed exhausted and regulatory T-cell features. The adenocarcinoma cells can be categorized into different subtypes based on their gene expression signatures in distinct pathways such as hypoxia, glycolysis, cell metabolism, translation initiation, cell cycle, and antigen presentation. By performing pseudotime trajectory, we found that ELF3 was among the most upregulated genes in more advanced tumor cells. In response to secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL1B) from immune infiltrates, ELF3 in tumor cells was upregulated to trigger the activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway and elevated expression of proliferation and anti-apoptosis genes such as BCL2L1 and CCND1. Taken together, our study revealed substantial heterogeneity within early-stage LUAD harboring EGFR mutations, implicating complex interactions among tumor cells, stromal cells and immune infiltrates in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Nan Yang
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories (Shanghai) Co, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park Ltd, Building 7, 388 Jialilue Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Guoping Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Mortaz E, Jamaati H, Varahram M, Dezfuli NK, Adocok IM. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) Molecule in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? TANAFFOS 2021; 20:1-2. [PMID: 34394361 PMCID: PMC8355930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,,Correspondence to: Varahram M, Address: Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Email address:
| | - Neda K. Dezfuli
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,,Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Ian M. Adocok
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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KLHL22 maintains PD-1 homeostasis and prevents excessive T cell suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28239-28250. [PMID: 33109719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004570117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on the surface of T cells is known to inhibit T cell effector activity and to play a pivotal role in tumor immune escape; thus, maintaining an appropriate level of PD-1 expression is of great significance. We identified KLHL22, an adaptor of the Cul3-based E3 ligase, as a major PD-1-associated protein that mediates the degradation of PD-1 before its transport to the cell surface. KLHL22 deficiency leads to overaccumulation of PD-1, which represses the antitumor response of T cells and promotes tumor progression. Importantly, KLHL22 was markedly decreased in tumor-infiltrating T cells from colorectal cancer patients. Meanwhile, treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could increase PD-1 expression by inhibiting the transcription of KLHL22. These findings reveal that KLHL22 plays a crucial role in preventing excessive T cell suppression by maintaining PD-1 expression homeostasis and suggest the therapeutic potential of 5-FU in combination with anti-PD-1 in colorectal cancer patients.
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Liu T, Wu H, Qi J, Qin C, Zhu Q. Seven immune-related genes prognostic power and correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7440-7452. [PMID: 32815653 PMCID: PMC7571821 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given poor prognosis and the lack of efficient therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, immunotherapy has emerged as an increasingly important role. However, there were few reports on the correlation between immune‐related genes and HCC. The purpose of this study is to construct a novel immune‐related gene‐based prognostic signature for HCC and to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods We organized expression data of 374 HCC samples and 50 nontumor samples from TCGA database. A robust signature was constructed by Cox regression analysis based on the immune‐related genes, which were filtered by differential genes analysis and Cox regression analysis. Then, the correlation analysis between the signature and clinical characteristics was conducted. And the signature was validated in ICGC database. Furthermore, the relationships between immune cell infiltration and the signature were explored by bioinformatics analysis. Results Seven genes‐based model (Risk score = BIRC5 * 0.0238 + FOS * 0.0055 + DKK1 * 0.0085 + FGF13 * 0.3432 + IL11 * 0.0135 + IL17D * 0.0878 + SPP1 * 0.0003) was constructed eventually and it was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. The signature‐calculated risk scores were shown to be positively correlated with the infiltration of these five immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, CD8+T, dendritic, and B cells. And the results suggested that high amplication of BIRC5, FGF13, IL11, IL17D, and SPP1 were more likely correlated with immune cell infiltration. Finally, PPI network, TFs‐based regulatory network and gene enrichment plots were performed to show potential molecular mechanisms. Conclusion We construct a robust immune‐related gene‐based prognostic signature with seven genes and explore potential mechanisms about it, which may contribute to the immunotherapy research for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Saka D, Gökalp M, Piyade B, Cevik NC, Arik Sever E, Unutmaz D, Ceyhan GO, Demir IE, Asimgil H. Mechanisms of T-Cell Exhaustion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082274. [PMID: 32823814 PMCID: PMC7464444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon that represents the dysfunctional state of T cells in chronic infections and cancer and is closely associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. The endogenous T-cell immunity and genetically edited cell therapies (CAR-T) failed to prevent tumor immune evasion. The effector T-cell activity is perturbed by an imbalance between inhibitory and stimulatory signals causing a reprogramming in metabolism and the high levels of multiple inhibitory receptors like programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag-3). Despite the efforts to neutralize inhibitory receptors by a single agent or combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibitors to boost effector function, PDAC remains unresponsive to these therapies, suggesting that multiple molecular mechanisms play a role in stimulating the exhaustion state of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Recent studies utilizing transcriptomics, mass cytometry, and epigenomics revealed a critical role of Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) genes and TOX-associated pathways, driving T-cell exhaustion in chronic infection and cancer. Here, we will review recently defined molecular, genetic, and cellular factors that drive T-cell exhaustion in PDAC. We will also discuss the effects of available immune checkpoint inhibitors and the latest clinical trials targeting various molecular factors mediating T-cell exhaustion in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Saka
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Muazzez Gökalp
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Betül Piyade
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Nedim Can Cevik
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Elif Arik Sever
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.O.C.); (I.E.D.); Tel.: +90-5320514424 (G.O.C.); +49-8941405868 (I.E.D.)
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.O.C.); (I.E.D.); Tel.: +90-5320514424 (G.O.C.); +49-8941405868 (I.E.D.)
| | - Hande Asimgil
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey; (D.S.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (N.C.C.); (E.A.S.); (H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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50
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Yu X, Gao R, Li Y, Zeng C. Regulation of PD-1 in T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173240. [PMID: 32497624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Study of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immune escape is one of the core issues in immuno-oncology research. Cancer cells can evade T cell cytotoxicity by exploiting the upregulation of T cell inhibitory receptors on T cells and their ligands on cancer cells. These upregulated proteins include the inhibitory receptor programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which can induce T cell exhaustion and reduce T cell activation. Characterizing PD-1 regulation will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion and improve cancer treatment. Recent studies have found that tumor cells regulate PD-1 during gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification and influence the effects of the anticancer immune response by targeting PD-1. In this review,we summarize the mechanisms of PD-1 regulation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rili Gao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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