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Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Iberg CA, Yin-Declue H, Sun K, Keeler SP, Wikfors HA, Young D, Yantis J, Austin SR, Byers DE, Brody SL, Crouch EC, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596863. [PMID: 38895360 PMCID: PMC11185504 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms are charged with repair after injury particularly at epithelial barrier sites, but in some cases this response leads instead to structural remodeling and long-term disease. Identifying the molecular and cellular control of this divergence is key to disease modification. In that regard, stress kinase control of epithelial stem cells is a rational entry point for study. Here we examine the potential for mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) regulation of epithelial stem cells using models of respiratory viral injury and post-viral lung disease. We show that Mapk13 gene-knockout mice handle acute infectious illness as expected but are protected against structural remodeling manifest as basal-epithelial stem cell (basal-ESC) hyperplasia-metaplasia, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation. In corresponding cell models, Mapk13-deficiency directly attenuates basal-ESC growth and organoid formation. Extension to human studies shows marked induction/activation of basal-cell MAPK13 in clinical samples of comparable remodeling found in asthma and COPD. Here again, MAPK13 gene-knockdown inhibits human basal-ESC growth in culture. Together, the data identify MAPK13 as a control for structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury and as a suitable target for down-regulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Huiqing Yin-Declue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kelly Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P. Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hallie A. Wikfors
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna Young
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen R. Austin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika C. Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G. Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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2
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Marziali LN, Hwang Y, Palmisano M, Cuenda A, Sim FJ, Gonzalez A, Volsko C, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. p38γ MAPK delays myelination and remyelination and is abundant in multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 2024; 147:1871-1886. [PMID: 38128553 PMCID: PMC11068213 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which disability results from the disruption of myelin and axons. During the initial stages of the disease, injured myelin is replaced by mature myelinating oligodendrocytes that differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, myelin repair fails in secondary and chronic progressive stages of the disease and with ageing, as the environment becomes progressively more hostile. This may be attributable to inhibitory molecules in the multiple sclerosis environment including activation of the p38MAPK family of kinases. We explored oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelin repair using animals with conditional ablation of p38MAPKγ from oligodendrocyte precursors. We found that p38γMAPK ablation accelerated oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. This resulted in an increase in both the total number of oligodendrocytes and the migration of progenitors ex vivo and faster remyelination in the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination. Consistent with its role as an inhibitor of myelination, p38γMAPK was significantly downregulated as oligodendrocyte precursor cells matured into oligodendrocytes. Notably, p38γMAPK was enriched in multiple sclerosis lesions from patients. Oligodendrocyte progenitors expressed high levels of p38γMAPK in areas of failed remyelination but did not express detectable levels of p38γMAPK in areas where remyelination was apparent. Our data suggest that p38γ could be targeted to improve myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro N Marziali
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yoonchan Hwang
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Marilena Palmisano
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alberto Gonzalez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Maria L Feltri
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Università degli studi di Milano, Biometra department and IRCcs Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
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3
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Wang J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Fan X, Yang H, Liu Y, Ma T. Function and inhibition of P38 MAP kinase signaling: Targeting multiple inflammation diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115973. [PMID: 38103797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defense mechanism that protects the body from pathogenic microorganisms. A growing body of research suggests that inflammation is a key factor in triggering other diseases (lung injury, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). However, there is no consensus on the complex mechanism of inflammatory response, which may include enzyme activation, mediator release, and tissue repair. In recent years, p38 MAPK, a member of the MAPKs family, has attracted much attention as a central target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, many p38 MAPK inhibitors attempting to obtain marketing approval have failed at the clinical trial stage due to selectivity and/or toxicity issues. In this paper, we discuss the mechanism of p38 MAPK in regulating inflammatory response and its key role in major inflammatory diseases and summarize the synthetic or natural products targeting p38 MAPK to improve the inflammatory response in the last five years, which will provide ideas for the development of novel clinical anti-inflammatory drugs based on p38 MAPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yushi Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cen Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongliu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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4
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Phan T, Zhang XH, Rosen S, Melstrom LG. P38 kinase in gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1181-1189. [PMID: 37248432 PMCID: PMC10501902 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide with 4.2 million new cases and 3.2 million deaths estimated in 2020. Despite the advances in primary and adjuvant therapies, patients still develop distant metastases and require novel therapies. Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are crucial signaling pathways that regulate many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress responses and cancer development. p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (p38 MAPKs) includes four isoforms: p38α (MAPK14), p38β (MAPK11), p38γ (MAPK12), and p38δ (MAPK13). p38 MAPK was first identified as a stress response protein kinase that phosphorylates different transcriptional factors. Dysregulation of p38 pathways, in particular p38γ, are associated with cancer development, metastasis, autophagy and tumor microenvironment. In this article, we provide an overview of p38 and p38γ with respect to gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, targeting p38γ is also discussed as a potential therapy for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phan
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xu Hannah Zhang
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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5
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Natarajan P, Manne M, Koduru SK, Bokkasam TS. 3-deazaadenosine: A promising novel p38γ antagonist with potential as a breast cancer therapeutic agent. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100744. [PMID: 37481995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Human p38γ protein kinase, or MAPK12, is a crucial signaling protein that is important in channelizing membrane signals to the nucleus in the MAPK cascade pathway, associated with breast and colorectal cancer, besides other forms of malignancies and atherosclerotic lesions too. P38γ has a significant contribution to the progression of breast carcinoma due to its multifaceted functions. Targeting p38γ for defining potent antagonists against p38γ can turn out to be an attractive and novel means of breast cancer therapeutics. Novel and potent lead molecules were designed utilizing computational drug design methodologies. Using high-throughput virtual screening, 1909 geometrically similar analogs of known inhibitors were generated, primarily using BIRB796, SB202190, ANP, CHEBI: 620708, and CHEBI: 524699. Chemical correctness was ensured using LigPrep for the standalone library, and Prep Wizard for p38γ using Maestro v.11.5. Using the Glide v5.5 flexible docking procedure on a standalone library of p38γ binding sites, we defined 18 potential leads and assessed their ADMET properties. Lead "1", among the proposed four p38γ antagonists with high-scoring and favorable interactions, was considered for 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Among the four proposed leads, Lead '1' displayed consistent and stable bonding interactions with p38γ throughout the 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Additionally, it formed water bridges, contributing to its strong association with the protein. Notably, Lead '1' (3-deazaadenosine) exhibited favorable root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) within the acceptable range of pharmacological properties. Thus, 3-deazaadenosine and its mimetic might be promising new directions for developing a novel class of antagonists for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India.
| | - Munikumar Manne
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania (Post), Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana, India.
| | - Swetha Kumari Koduru
- Department of Bio-sciences and Sericulture, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam Women's University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Teja Sree Bokkasam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam Women's University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
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6
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Qi XM, Chen G. p38γ MAPK Inflammatory and Metabolic Signaling in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1674. [PMID: 37443708 PMCID: PMC10341180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
p38γ MAPK (also called ERK6 or SAPK3) is a family member of stress-activated MAPKs and has common and specific roles as compared to other p38 proteins in signal transduction. Recent studies showed that, in addition to inflammation, p38γ metabolic signaling is involved in physiological exercise and in pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. p38γphosphorylates at least 19 substrates through which p38γ activity is further modified to regulate life-important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and transformation, thereby impacting biological outcomes of p38γ-driven pathogenesis. P38γ signaling is characterized by its unique reciprocal regulation with its specific phosphatase PTPH1 and by its direct binding to promoter DNAs, leading to transcriptional activation of targets including cancer-like stem cell drivers. This paper will review recent findings about p38γ inflammation and metabolic signaling in physiology and diseases. Moreover, we will discuss the progress in the development of p38γ-specific pharmacological inhibitors for therapeutic intervention in disease prevention and treatment by targeting the p38γ signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Research Service, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
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7
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Önal HT, Yetkin D, Ayaz F. Escitalopram's inflammatory effect on the mammalian macrophages and its intracellular mechanism of action. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110762. [PMID: 37031947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with depression are treated with antidepressant drugs that are in the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group. Different studies have been conducted on the effect of treatment with antidepressants on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There have been studies on the effects of escitalopram, an SSRI group antidepressant, on the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels both in vivo and in vitro. The results of these studies do not overlap and therefore the escitalopram's effect on the immune system should be studied in more depth. In this study, we aimed to examine, in detail, the cytokine production amount by escitalopram treatment of the J774.2 macrophage cells and its intracellular mechanism of action by examining the PI3K and p38 pathways. As a result of our study, we observed that Escitalopram caused a significant increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and GM-CSF levels in mammalian macrophage cells, but did not induce IL-12p40 production. We observed that the p38 and PI3K pathways play a role in inflammation in the presence of Escitalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Topal Önal
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Science Institute, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey; Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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8
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Gutierrez AH, Mazariegos MS, Alemany S, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ, Sanz-García C. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2): A Cot-plicated progression from inflammation to chronic liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166660. [PMID: 36764206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic protein tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), also known as cancer Osaka thyroid (Cot), or MAP3K8, is thought to have a significant role in a variety of cancers and illnesses and it is a key component in the activation pathway for the expression of inflammatory mediators. Despite the tight connection between inflammation and TPL2, its function has not been extensively studied in chronic liver disease (CLD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we analyze more in detail the significance of TPL2 in CLD to shed light on the pathological and molecular transduction pattern of TPL2 during the progression of CLD. This might result in important advancements and enable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Gutierrez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina S Mazariegos
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Alemany
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Biomedicine Unit (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-García
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Zimecki M, Kochanowska I, Zaczyńska E, Kocięba M, Artym J, Zambrowicz A, Matwiejczyk M, Besman M, Kuchar K, Skotnicki A. Immunoregulatory actions of calf thymus extract (TFX®) in vitro in relation to its effect on expression of mitogen activated protein kinases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109995. [PMID: 36963263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro immunotropic actions of a calf thymus extract - thymus factor X (TFX®) preparation were investigated. The preparation did not lower the viability of the A549 epithelial cell line and mouse bone marrow cells in the investigated concentration range. TFX® exhibited a co-stimulatory action of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mouse thymocyte proliferation and partially restored the mitogen-induced proliferation capability of mouse thymocytes exposed to hydrocortisone (HC). The preparation also inhibited Herpes virus-1 (HSV-1) replication in A549 cells when preincubated with the virus and when added to the infected cells. In addition, it weakly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF α, IL-1β and IL-6 by the THP-1 monocyte cell line. The determination of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in Jurkat T cells revealed strong increases in ERK-2 kinase and p38α subunits. In WEHI 231 immature B cells, TFX® elevated p38α, and had a particularly strong elevating effect on p38γ. In HL-60 myeloblastic cells, the expression of p38α, β and γ was not detectable, almost blocked for p38δ and JNK, but accompanied by an increase in ERK-1. In turn, the effects of TFX® in J744E macrophages resulted in a strong increase in p38γ expression, moderate elevations of ERK and a drop in p38δ. Significant increases in MAPK expression were also found in cells from the lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow cell population, p38α, β and γ, in thymocytes p38α, γ and δ, and in splenocytes p38β and γ, subunit expression was elevated. We conclude that the changes in MAPK expression may be attributed to cell maturation and differentiation, and explain the beneficial therapeutic effects of TFX®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zambrowicz
- Department of Functional Food Products Development Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matwiejczyk
- Department of Functional Food Products Development Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; TFX PHARMA Sp. z o.o., Research and Development Department, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Besman
- Department of Functional Food Products Development Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; TFX PHARMA Sp. z o.o., Research and Development Department, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Kuchar
- TFX PHARMA Sp. z o.o., Research and Development Department, Wrocław, Poland; Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Moreira J, Martins H, Saraiva M, Saraiva MJ. TLR2 and 4 signaling pathways are altered in macrophages from V30M TTR mice with down-regulated expression of chemokines. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:355-366. [PMID: 36852978 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, first identified in Portugal. The most common transthyretin (TTR) mutation in ATTRv results from an exchange of a methionine for a valine at position 30 (V30M). ATTRv is characterized by the extracellular deposition of aggregates and fibrils of mutant forms of TTR, particularly in the nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This phenotype is often accompanied by the lack of inflammatory infiltrates, despite the importance of macrophages in removal of TTR deposits in ATTRv patients. The mechanisms underlying this impairment of inflammatory responses in ATTRv patients are poorly understood. Here, we show a significant down-regulation in the expression of several chemokines by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) generated from V30M TTR mice upon stimulation with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 agonists. The phosphorylation of the MAP kinase p38, important for TLR4 and TLR2 signaling pathways, was also down-regulated in V30M macrophages, as compared with wild-type (WT) ones. The present study contributes with new insights to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the lack of inflammatory immune responses observed in ATTRv patients and may help in the development of new immune therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Department of Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Martins
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Department of Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Immune Regulation Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Department of Infection, Immunity,and Regeneration, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Department of Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Crespo M, Nikolic I, Mora A, Rodríguez E, Leiva-Vega L, Pintor-Chocano A, Horrillo D, Hernández-Cosido L, Torres JL, Novoa E, Nogueiras R, Medina-Gómez G, Marcos M, Leiva M, Sabio G. Myeloid p38 activation maintains macrophage-liver crosstalk and BAT thermogenesis through IL-12-FGF21 axis. Hepatology 2023; 77:874-887. [PMID: 35592906 PMCID: PMC9936978 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity features excessive fat accumulation in several body tissues and induces a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of diabetes, steatosis, and insulin resistance. Recent research has shown that this chronic inflammation is crucially dependent on p38 pathway activity in macrophages, suggesting p38 inhibition as a possible treatment for obesity comorbidities. Nevertheless, we report here that lack of p38 activation in myeloid cells worsens high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis. Deficient p38 activation increases macrophage IL-12 production, leading to inhibition of hepatic FGF21 and reduction of thermogenesis in the brown fat. The implication of FGF21 in the phenotype was confirmed by its specific deletion in hepatocytes. We also found that IL-12 correlates with liver damage in human biopsies, indicating the translational potential of our results. Our findings suggest that myeloid p38 has a dual role in inflammation and that drugs targeting IL-12 might improve the homeostatic regulation of energy balance in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Daniel Horrillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Lipobeta group , Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain.,Laboratorio LAFEMEX, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Department of General Surgery , University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,Department of Surgery , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Jorge L Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine , University Hospital of Salamanca-Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain.,Department of Medicine , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Eva Novoa
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) , University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) , University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Lipobeta group , Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain.,Laboratorio LAFEMEX, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine , University Hospital of Salamanca-Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain.,Department of Medicine , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
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12
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Díaz-Mora E, González-Romero D, Meireles-da-Silva M, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Cuenda A. p38δ controls Mitogen- and Stress-activated Kinase-1 (MSK1) function in response to toll-like receptor activation in macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1083033. [PMID: 36846591 PMCID: PMC9946961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1083033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen- and Stress-activated Kinase (MSK) 1 is a nuclear protein, activated by p38α Mitogen-Activated Kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), that modulate the production of certain cytokines in macrophages. Using knockout cells and specific kinase inhibitors, we show that, besides p38α and ERK1/2, another p38MAPK, p38δ, mediates MSK phosphorylation and activation, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, recombinant MSK1 was phosphorylated and activated by recombinant p38δ, to the same extent than by p38α, in in vitro experiments. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and ATF1, that are MSK physiological substrates, and the expression of the CREB-dependent gene encoding DUSP1, were impaired in p38δ-deficient macrophages. Also, the transcription of IL-1Ra mRNA, that is MSK-dependent, was reduced. Our results indicate that MSK activation can be one possible mechanism by which p38δ regulates the production of a variety of inflammatory molecules involved in immune innate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Meireles-da-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Ana Cuenda,
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13
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Romerio A, Gotri N, Franco AR, Artusa V, Shaik MM, Pasco ST, Atxabal U, Matamoros-Recio A, Mínguez-Toral M, Zalamea JD, Franconetti A, Abrescia NGA, Jimenez-Barbero J, Anguita J, Martín-Santamaría S, Peri F. New Glucosamine-Based TLR4 Agonists: Design, Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and In Vivo Activity as Vaccine Adjuvants. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3010-3029. [PMID: 36728697 PMCID: PMC9969399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We disclose here a panel of small-molecule TLR4 agonists (the FP20 series) whose structure is derived from previously developed TLR4 ligands (FP18 series). The new molecules have increased chemical stability and a shorter, more efficient, and scalable synthesis. The FP20 series showed selective activity as TLR4 agonists with a potency similar to FP18. Interestingly, despite the chemical similarity with the FP18 series, FP20 showed a different mechanism of action and immunofluorescence microscopy showed no NF-κB nor p-IRF-3 nuclear translocation but rather MAPK and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation. The computational studies related a 3D shape of FP20 series with agonist binding properties inside the MD-2 pocket. FP20 displayed a CMC value lower than 5 μM in water, and small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) formation was observed in the biological activity concentration range. FP20 showed no toxicity in mouse vaccination experiments with OVA antigen and induced IgG production, thus indicating a promising adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Romerio
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole Gotri
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Rita Franco
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Monsoor Shaik
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Samuel T. Pasco
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Unai Atxabal
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Matamoros-Recio
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mínguez-Toral
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Zalamea
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain,Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesus Jimenez-Barbero
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain,Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain,Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Peri
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy,
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14
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Yao Y, Luo ZP, Li HW, Wang SX, Wu YC, Hu Y, Hu S, Yang CC, Yang JF, Wang JP, Peng L, Chen F, Pan LX, Xu T. P38γ modulates the lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22716. [PMID: 36527390 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200939rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem in Western countries and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Although NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The disease begins with excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which in turn leads to liver cell damage, steatosis, inflammation, and so on. P38γ is one of the four isoforms of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAPKs) that contributes to inflammation in different diseases. In this research, we investigated the role of P38γ in NAFLD. In vivo, a NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and adeno-associated virus (AAV9-shRNA-P38γ) was injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein for knockdown P38γ. The results indicated that the expression level of P38γ was upregulated in MCD-fed mice. Furthermore, the downregulation of P38γ significantly attenuated liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes AML-12 were treated with free fatty acid (FFA). We found that P38γ was obviously increased in FFA-treated AML-12 cells, whereas knockdown of P38γ significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. Furthermore, P38γ regulated the Janus Kinase-Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Inhibition of P38γ can inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that targeting P38γ contributes to the suppression of lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Luo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin-Cui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Peng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Önal HT, Yetkin D, Ayaz F. Immunostimulatory activity of fluoxetine in macrophages via regulation of the PI3K and P38 signaling pathways. Immunol Res 2022; 71:413-421. [PMID: 36512200 PMCID: PMC9745289 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug that is heavily preferred in the cure of depression, which is from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group. There are many reports on the effect of fluoxetine on the immune system, and its effect on the macrophage cells has never been looked at before. We aimed to demonstrate the cytokine production potential of fluoxetine antidepressant, which is widely used in the clinic, in the J774.2 cell line and its effect on PI3K and P38 pathways. The use of fluoxetine alone in J774.2 macrophage cells showed immunostimulatory properties by inducing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-12p40, and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines. It showed anti-inflammatory properties by completely stopping the production of cytokines (IL-6, IL12p40, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) at all concentrations where LPS and fluoxetine were used together. While PI3K and P38 pathways were not effective in the immunostimulatory effect in the presence of the drug agent, we found that the PI3K and P38 pathways were influenced during their anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Topal Önal
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Toros University, 33140 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey 33110
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey
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16
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Wu XJ, Gao J, Mu BJ, Yu LM, Wang ZR, Zheng WB, Gao WW, Zhu XQ, Liu Q. Transcriptomic analysis of LMH cells in response to the overexpression of a protein of Eimeria tenella encoded by the locus ETH_00028350. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1053701. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1053701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein of Eimeria tenella (encoded by the locus ETH_00028350) homologous to Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 9, designated as EtHGRA9 hereafter, was reported to be expressed in all life cycle stages of E. tenella. However, no data are currently available regarding its functional properties. In the present study, a recombinant vector harboring a 741 bp gene segment encoding the mature form of EtHGRA9 was constructed and transfected into leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Then, transcriptomic analysis of the transfected LMH cells was carried out by using a high-throughput RNA-seq technology. The LMH cells overexpressing EtHGRA9 was validated by means of Western blotting as well as indirect immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that the expression of 547 genes (275 upregulated genes and 272 downregulated genes) was altered by EtHGRA9. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation of the ten genes with differential expression between the two groups was consistent with the transcriptome analysis. According to pathway enrichment analysis for the obtained differentially expressed genes, seven pathways were significantly affected by EtHGRA9, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Our data reveal several possible roles of EtHGRA9 in immune or inflammatory responses, which paves the way for a better understanding of the molecular interplay between E. tenella and its host.
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17
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Li X, Liu S, Rai KR, Zhou W, Wang S, Chi X, Guo G, Chen JL, Liu S. Initial activation of STAT2 induced by IAV infection is critical for innate antiviral immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960544. [PMID: 36148221 PMCID: PMC9486978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT2 is an important transcription factor activated by interferons (IFNs) upon viral infection and plays a key role in antiviral responses. Interestingly, here we found that phosphorylation of STAT2 could be induced by several viruses at early infection stage, including influenza A virus (IAV), and such initial activation of STAT2 was independent of type I IFNs and JAK kinases. Furthermore, it was observed that the early activation of STAT2 during viral infection was mainly regulated by the RIG-I/MAVS-dependent pathway. Disruption of STAT2 phosphorylation at Tyr690 restrained antiviral response, as silencing STAT2 or blocking STAT2 Y690 phosphorylation suppressed the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), thereby facilitating viral replication. In vitro experiments using overexpression system or kinase inhibitors showed that several kinases including MAPK12 and Syk were involved in regulation of the early phosphorylation of STAT2 triggered by IAV infection. Moreover, when MAPK12 kinase was inhibited, expression of several ISGs was clearly decreased in cells infected with IAV at the early infection stage. Accordingly, inhibition of MAPK12 accelerated the replication of influenza virus in host. These results provide a better understanding of how initial activation of STAT2 and the early antiviral responses are induced by the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siya Liu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhou
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Long Chen, ; Shasha Liu,
| | - Shasha Liu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Long Chen, ; Shasha Liu,
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18
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TPL2 kinase expression is regulated by the p38γ/p38δ-dependent association of aconitase-1 with TPL2 mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204752119. [PMID: 35994673 PMCID: PMC9436348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204752119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p38γ and p38δ (p38γ/p38δ) regulate inflammation, in part by controlling tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) expression in myeloid cells. Here, we demonstrate that TPL2 protein levels are dramatically reduced in p38γ/p38δ-deficient (p38γ/δ-/-) cells and tissues without affecting TPL2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. We show that p38γ/p38δ posttranscriptionally regulates the TPL2 amount at two different levels. p38γ/p38δ interacts with the TPL2/A20 Binding Inhibitor of NF-κB2 (ABIN2)/Nuclear Factor κB1p105 (NF-κB1p105) complex, increasing TPL2 protein stability. Additionally, p38γ/p38δ regulates TPL2 mRNA translation by modulating the repressor function of TPL2 3' Untranslated region (UTR) mediated by its association with aconitase-1 (ACO1). ACO1 overexpression in wild-type cells increases the translational repression induced by TPL2 3'UTR and severely decreases TPL2 protein levels. p38δ binds to ACO1, and p38δ expression in p38γ/δ-/- cells fully restores TPL2 protein to wild-type levels by reducing the translational repression of TPL2 mRNA. This study reveals a unique mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of TPL2 expression, which given its central role in innate immune response, likely has great relevance in physiopathology.
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19
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An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179784. [PMID: 36077185 PMCID: PMC9456003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.
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20
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Fajardo P, Taskova M, Martín-Serrano MA, Hansen J, Slott S, Jakobsen AK, Wibom ML, Salegi B, Muñoz A, Barbachano A, Sharma A, Gubatan JM, Habtezion A, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Astakhova K, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ as biomarkers in the interplay of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:897-901. [PMID: 35796643 PMCID: PMC9456697 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,PhD Programme in Molecular Bioscience, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria Taskova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Martín-Serrano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sofie Slott
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna K Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise Wibom
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beñat Salegi
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbachano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Arpita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Mark Gubatan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Juan J Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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21
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Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7232457. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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22
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Identification and characterization of inhibitory nanobody against p38δ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Sun L, Wang B, Sun T, Zhou F, Zhu B, Li C, Wan H, Ding Z. Investigation on the mechanism of 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-o-D-glucoside in the treatment of inflammation based on network pharmacology. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105448. [PMID: 35364310 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases plaguing clinic for years.Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of application in detoxification and anti-inflammation. 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-o-D-glucoside (TSG) is a main active compound of F. multiflora. However, the mechanism of TSG in the treatment of inflammation remains unknown. METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of TSG. Potential targets of TSG and inflammation were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction, Pharm Mapper, and GeneCards database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the interaction of targets. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of TSG was validated by in vitro experiments using flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry assays. RESULTS PPI network and gene enrichment analysis showed that TSG may exert a protein kinase binding activity, and IKBKB, MAPK1, NFKBIA, and RELA were predicted as the targets of anti-inflammation. Verified by molecular docking and Western blot, TSG may target NF-κB and ERK2 related signals to alleviate inflammatory damage. Furthermore, TSG effectively downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokine, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION TSG possesses significant anti-inflammatory effect. TSG may display a protein kinase binding activity and target NF-κB and ERK2 related signals to treat the inflammation. This work may enlighten the potential application of TSG in anti-inflammation and indicate network pharmacology was an effective tool for the further study of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bixu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Li
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Díaz-Chamorro S, Garrido-Jiménez S, Barrera-López JF, Mateos-Quirós CM, Cumplido-Laso G, Lorenzo MJ, Román ÁC, Bernardo E, Sabio G, Carvajal-González JM, Centeno F. Title: p38δ Regulates IL6 Expression Modulating ERK Phosphorylation in Preadipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:708844. [PMID: 35111744 PMCID: PMC8802314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL6 is an essential cytokine in metabolism regulation and for intercommunication among different organs and tissues. IL6 produced by different tissues has different functions and therefore it is very important to understand the mechanism of its expression in adipose tissue. In this work we demonstrated that IL6 expression in mouse preadipocytes, like in human, is partially dependent on Wnt5a and JNK. Using mouse preadipocytes lacking each one of the p38 SAPK family members, we have shown that IL6 expression is also p38γ and p38δ dependent. In fact, the lack of some of these two kinases increases IL6 expression without altering that of Wnt5a. Moreover, we show that the absence of p38δ promotes greater ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a MEK1/2 independent manner, and that this increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation state is contributing to the higher IL6 expression in p38δ−/- preadipocytes. These results suggest a new crosstalk between two MAPK signaling pathway, p38δ and ERK1/2, where p38δ modulates the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Díaz-Chamorro
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Garrido-Jiménez
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Barrera-López
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Clara María Mateos-Quirós
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Cumplido-Laso
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lorenzo
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ángel Carlos Román
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Edgar Bernardo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Carvajal-González
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Centeno
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Badajoz, Spain
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25
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Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor reprograms macrophages to ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via p38 MAPK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:100. [PMID: 35110525 PMCID: PMC8810950 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure; but the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure. Macrophages and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of AILI. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a newly identified 18-kDa soluble protein, whose expression and secretion are stimulated by ER stress. To investigate the role of myeloid cell MANF in the pathogenesis of AILI, we assayed serum and liver samples from AILI model mice and patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We demonstrated that the levels of MANF were elevated in patients with DILI and in mice with AILI. Moreover, myeloid-specific MANF knockout mice were generated and used. It was observed that a delayed liver recovery from myeloid-specific MANF gene knockout mice following APAP overdose compared to that from wild-type mice. MANF deficiency in myeloid cells resulted in increased infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) but reduced restorative Ly6Clow macrophages after APAP treatment. MANF supplementation increased restorative Ly6Clow macrophages and subsequently alleviated liver injury. Moreover, MANF could enhance IL-10 expression and phagocytosis in macrophages via p38 MAPK pathway. Altogether, MANF seems to be a critical immune modulator in promoting liver repair via reducing and reprogramming MoMFs. MANF perhaps promoted the phenotype conversion of pro-inflammatory MoMFs to pro-restorative Ly6Clow MoMFs via p38 MAPK pathway, particularly through enhancing IL-10 and phagocytosis.
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26
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Ngamsri KC, Putri RA, Jans C, Schindler K, Fuhr A, Zhang Y, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Ehnert S, Konrad FM. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13576. [PMID: 34948374 PMCID: PMC8709064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b-/- mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b-/- animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Rizki A. Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Anika Fuhr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
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27
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Artemisinin Protects Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Injury by Regulating the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061528. [PMID: 34073895 PMCID: PMC8225056 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sow mastitis is a serious breast disease that can cause severe inflammation, agalaxia and even lead to death of piglets. Porcine mammary epithelial cells (pMECs) are the main cell types that affect sow milk secretion, therefore, when swine mastitis occurs, the inflammatory response of pMECs directly affects the mammary gland health and sow’s lactation ability. Promoting the health of mammary gland epithelial cells is an important method for treating mastitis. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the effects of artemisinin on the inflammatory response of pMECs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proposed a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism. We confirmed that artemisinin can reduce the inflammatory damage of pMECs induced by LPS by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Pretreatment of pMECs with artemisinin showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced inflammation. Artemisinin could be a useful, safe and natural anti-inflammatory feed additive to prevent sow mastitis. Abstract Artemisinin performs a variety of biological functions, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-oxidant effects. However, the effects of artemisinin on sow mastitis have not been studied. The results of the current study showed that mRNA expression abundance and content of the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased when using 50 μg/mL LPS to stimulate pMECs for 24 h (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with 20 μM artemisinin weakened LPS-induced inflammatory damage in pMECs and decreased mRNA expression abundance and the content of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in pMECs (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, artemisinin inhibited LPS-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In summary, the pretreatment of pMECs with artemisinin showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced inflammation.
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28
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Mączyński M, Regiec A, Sochacka-Ćwikła A, Kochanowska I, Kocięba M, Zaczyńska E, Artym J, Kałas W, Zimecki M. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characteristics and Plausible Mechanism of Action of an Immunosuppressive Isoxazolo[5,4-e]-1,2,4-Triazepine Derivative (RM33). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050468. [PMID: 34063515 PMCID: PMC8156388 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory properties of isoxazolo[5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazepine (RM33) in vivo. The aim of this investigation was to describe synthesis, determine physicochemical characteristics, evaluate biological activities in murine and human in vitro models, as well as to propose mechanism of action of the compound. The compound was devoid of cell toxicity up to 100 μg/mL against a reference A549 cell line. Likewise, RM33 did not induce apoptosis in these cells. The compound stimulated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation but did not change the secondary humoral immune response in vitro to sheep erythrocytes. Nevertheless, a low suppressive effect was registered on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation and a stronger one on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production by rat peritoneal cells. The analysis of signaling pathways elicited by RM33 in nonstimulated resident cells and cell lines revealed changes associated with cell activation. Most importantly, we demonstrated that RM33 enhanced production of cyclooxygenase 2 in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Based on the previous and herein presented results, we conclude that RM33 is an efficient, nontoxic immune suppressor with prevailing anti-inflammatory action. Additionally, structural studies were carried out with the use of appropriate spectral techniques in order to unequivocally confirm the structure of the RM33 molecule. Unambiguous assignment of NMR chemical shifts of carbon atoms of RM33 was conducted thanks to full detailed analysis of 1H, 13C NMR spectra and their two-dimensional (2D) variants. Comparison between theoretically predicted chemical shifts and experimental ones was also carried out. Additionally, N-deuterated isotopologue of RM33 was synthesized to eliminate potentially disturbing frequencies (such as NH, NH2 deformation vibrations) in the carbonyl region of the IR (infrared) spectrum to confirm the presence of the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.S.-Ć.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717840340
| | - Andrzej Regiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.S.-Ć.)
| | - Aleksandra Sochacka-Ćwikła
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.S.-Ć.)
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wojciech Kałas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.); (E.Z.); (J.A.); (W.K.); (M.Z.)
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29
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Anton DB, Ducati RG, Timmers LFSM, Laufer S, Goettert MI. A Special View of What Was Almost Forgotten: p38δ MAPK. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2077. [PMID: 33923030 PMCID: PMC8123357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase is an important signal transduction enzyme. p38δ has recently emerged as a drug target due to its tissue-specific expression patterns and its critical roles in regulation of cellular processes related to cancer and inflammatory diseases, such as cell proliferation, cell migration, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. However, potent and specific p38δ inhibitors have not been defined so far. Moreover, in cancer disease, p38δ appears to act as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter according to cancer and cell type studied. In this review, we outline the current understanding of p38δ roles in each cancer type, to define whether it is possible to delineate new cancer therapies based on small-molecule p38δ inhibitors. We also highlight recent advances made in the design of molecules with potential to inhibit p38 isoforms and discuss structural approaches to guide the search for p38δ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bublitz Anton
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil; (D.B.A.); (R.G.D.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
| | - Rodrigo Gay Ducati
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil; (D.B.A.); (R.G.D.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
| | - Luís Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil; (D.B.A.); (R.G.D.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
- Medical Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil; (D.B.A.); (R.G.D.); (L.F.S.M.T.)
- Medical Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 95914-014, Brazil
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30
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Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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CX3CR1 Depletion Promotes the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Aggravates Acute Peritonitis. Shock 2021; 56:287-297. [PMID: 33481549 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis is a life-threatening condition on intensive care units. Inflammatory cytokines and their receptors drive inflammation, cause the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) and therefore the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the inflamed tissue. CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are expressed in various cells, and promote inflammation. The shedding of CX3CL1 is mediated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17. The role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in acute peritonitis remains elusive. METHODS In zymosan-induced peritonitis, we determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and the expression of PNC-related molecules on PNCs. PMN migration into the peritoneal lavage was evaluated in wild-type (WT) and CX3CR1-/- animals by flow cytometry. CX3CL1, ADAM17, and the expression of various inflammatory cytokines were detected. Further, we determined the inflammation-associated activation of the intracellular transcription factor extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by Western blot. RESULTS The PMN accumulation in the peritoneal lavage and the PNC formation in the circulation were significantly raised in CX3CR1-/- compared with WT animals. The expression of PNC-related selectins on PNCs was significantly increased in the blood of CX3CR1-/- animals, as well as cytokine levels. Further, we observed an increased activation of ERK1/2 and elevated ADAM17 expression in CX3CR1-/- during acute inflammation. Selective ERK1/2 inhibition ameliorated inflammation-related increased ADAM17 expression. CONCLUSIONS A CX3CR1 deficiency raised the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased the PNC formation respectively PMN migration via an elevated ERK1/2 activation during acute peritonitis. Further, we observed a link between the ERK1/2 activation and an elevated ADAM17 expression on PNC-related platelets and PMNs during inflammation. Our data thus illustrate a crucial role of CX3CR1 on the formation of PNCs and regulating inflammation in acute peritonitis.
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate dysregulated inflammation has been to target the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have the potential for broad efficacy, convenience and tissue penetrance, and thus often offer important advantages over biologics. However, designing kinase inhibitors with target selectivity and minimal off-target effects can be challenging. Nevertheless, immense progress has been made in advancing kinase inhibitors with desirable drug-like properties into the clinic, including inhibitors of JAKs, IRAK4, RIPKs, BTK, SYK and TPL2. This Review will address the latest discoveries around kinase inhibitors with an emphasis on clinically validated autoimmunity and inflammatory pathways. Unmet medical needs in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases still exist. This Review discusses the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators and the recent advances in developing inhibitors to target such kinases.
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Inaba H, Yoshida S, Nomura R, Kato Y, Asai F, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Porphyromonas gulae lipopolysaccharide elicits inflammatory responses through toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in human gingivalis epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13254. [PMID: 32827217 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae, a Gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobe, has been associated with periodontal disease in companion animals and its virulence has been attributed to various factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protease and fimbriae. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as peptidoglycan, lipids, lipoproteins, nucleic acid and LPS. Following P. gulae infection, some inflammatory responses are dependent on both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, a recent clinical study revealed that acute and persistent inflammatory responses enhance the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the interaction between P. gulae LPS and human gingivalis epithelial cells (Ca9-22 cells). P. gulae LPS was found to increase TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expressions and protein productions, and enhanced inflammatory responses, such as COX2 , TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-8. Stimulated Ca9-22 cells exhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, and their inhibitors diminished inflammatory responses, while knockdown of the TLR2 and/or TLR4 genes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented inflammatory responses. Moreover, p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased in TLR2 and TLR4 gene knockdown cells. These findings suggest that P. gulae LPS activates p38 and ERK1/2 via TLR2 and TLR4, leading to inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kassouf T, Sumara G. Impact of Conventional and Atypical MAPKs on the Development of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091256. [PMID: 32872540 PMCID: PMC7563211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are further classified into four sub-families: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1, 2 and 3), p38 (α, β, γ, δ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Four kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, 4, and 7 (ERK3, 4 and 7) as well as Nemo-like kinase (NLK) build a group of atypical MAPKs, which are activated by different upstream mechanisms than conventional MAPKs. Early studies identified JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 as well as p38α as a central mediators of inflammation-evoked insulin resistance. These kinases have been also implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. Recently, other members of conventional MAPKs emerged as important mediators of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell metabolism. Moreover, latest studies indicate that atypical members of MAPK family play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue function. In this review, we summarize early studies on conventional MAPKs as well as recent findings implicating previously ignored members of the MAPK family. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting specific members of the MAPK family.
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36
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Koivisto O, Hanel A, Carlberg C. Key Vitamin D Target Genes with Functions in the Immune System. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1140. [PMID: 32325790 PMCID: PMC7230898 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), modulates innate and adaptive immunity via genes regulated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). In order to identify the key vitamin D target genes involved in these processes, transcriptome-wide datasets were compared, which were obtained from a human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated in vitro by 1,25(OH)2D3, filtered using different approaches, as well as from PBMCs of individuals supplemented with a vitamin D3 bolus. The led to the genes ACVRL1, CAMP, CD14, CD93, CEBPB, FN1, MAPK13, NINJ1, LILRB4, LRRC25, SEMA6B, SRGN, THBD, THEMIS2 and TREM1. Public epigenome- and transcriptome-wide data from THP-1 cells were used to characterize these genes based on the level of their VDR-driven enhancers as well as the level of the dynamics of their mRNA production. Both types of datasets allowed the categorization of the vitamin D target genes into three groups according to their role in (i) acute response to infection, (ii) infection in general and (iii) autoimmunity. In conclusion, 15 genes were identified as major mediators of the action of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and their individual functions are explained based on different gene regulatory scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (O.K.); (A.H.)
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37
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Barrio L, Román-García S, Díaz-Mora E, Risco A, Jiménez-Saiz R, Carrasco YR, Cuenda A. B Cell Development and T-Dependent Antibody Response Are Regulated by p38γ and p38δ. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:189. [PMID: 32266269 PMCID: PMC7105866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
p38MAP kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are important regulators of inflammation and the immune response; their involvement in immune cell development and function is still largely unknown. Here we analysed the role of the p38 MAPK isoforms p38γ and p38δ in B cell differentiation in bone marrow (BM) and spleen, using mice lacking p38γ and p38δ, or conditional knockout mice that lack both p38γ and p38δ specifically in the B cell compartment. We found that the B cell differentiation programme in the BM was not affected in p38γ/δ-deficient mice. Moreover, these mice had reduced numbers of peripheral B cells as well as altered marginal zone B cell differentiation in the spleen. Expression of co-stimulatory proteins and activation markers in p38γ/δ-deficient B cells are diminished in response to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40 stimulation; p38γ and p38δ were necessary for B cell proliferation induced by BCR and CD40 but not by TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, p38γ/δ-null mice produced significantly lower antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. Our results identify unreported functions for p38γ and p38δ in B cells and in the T-dependent humoral response; and show that the combined activity of these kinases is needed for peripheral B cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barrio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Román-García
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Yu JX, Craig AJ, Duffy ME, Villacorta-Martin C, Miguela V, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Scopton AP, Silber L, Maldonado AY, Rialdi A, Guccione E, Lujambio A, Villanueva A, Dar AC. Phenotype-Based Screens with Conformation-Specific Inhibitors Reveal p38 Gamma and Delta as Targets for HCC Polypharmacology. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1506-1519. [PMID: 31213506 PMCID: PMC7017390 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The approved kinase inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not matched to specific mutations within tumors. This has presented a daunting challenge; without a clear target or mechanism, no straightforward path has existed to guide the development of improved therapies for HCC. Here, we combine phenotypic screens with a class of conformation-specific kinase inhibitors termed type II to identify a multikinase inhibitor, AD80, with antitumoral activity across a variety of HCC preclinical models, including mouse xenografts. Mass spectrometry profiling found a number of kinases as putative targets for AD80, including several receptor and cytoplasmic protein kinases. Among these, we found p38 gamma and delta as direct targets of AD80. Notably, a closely related analog of AD80 lacking p38δ/γ activity, but retaining several other off-target kinases, lost significant activity in several HCC models. Moreover, forced and sustained MKK6 → p38→ATF2 signaling led to a significant reduction of AD80 activity within HCC cell lines. Together with HCC survival data in The Cancer Genome Atlas and RNA-seq analysis, we suggest p38 delta and gamma as therapeutic targets in HCC and an "AD80 inhibition signature" as identifying those patients with best clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Yu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Duffy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Verónica Miguela
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Precision Immunology Institute at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marina Ruiz de Galarreta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Precision Immunology Institute at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander P Scopton
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Silber
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andres Y Maldonado
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Rialdi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Precision Immunology Institute at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arvin C Dar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Houslay KF, Fertig BA, Christian F, Tibbo AJ, Ling J, Findlay JE, Houslay MD, Baillie GS. Phosphorylation of PDE4A5 by MAPKAPK2 attenuates fibrin degradation via p75 signalling. J Biochem 2019; 166:97-106. [PMID: 30859186 PMCID: PMC6607969 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K F Houslay
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - B A Fertig
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F Christian
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A J Tibbo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Ling
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J E Findlay
- Institute of Cancer Studies and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - M D Houslay
- Institute of Cancer Studies and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - G S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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40
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Ciesielska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Ziemlińska E, Kwiatkowska K. Lysophosphatidic acid up-regulates IL-10 production to inhibit TNF-α synthesis in Mϕs stimulated with LPS. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1285-1301. [PMID: 31335985 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0918-368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial LPS strongly induces pro-inflammatory responses of Mϕs after binding to CD14 protein and the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex. The LPS-triggered signaling can be modulated by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is of substantial importance for Mϕ functioning under specific pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between the LPS- and LPA-induced signaling, and the LPA receptors involved, are poorly known. In this report, we show that LPA strongly inhibits the LPS-induced TNF-α production at the mRNA and protein levels in primary Mϕs and Mϕ-like J774 cells. The decreased TNF-α production in LPA/LPS-stimulated cells is to high extent independent of NF-κB but is preceded by enhanced expression and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The IL-10 elevation and TNF-α reduction are both abrogated upon depletion of the LPA5 and LPA6 receptors in J774 cells and can be linked with LPA-mediated activation of p38. We propose that the binding of LPA to LPA5 and LPA6 fine-tunes the LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating p38, and up-regulating IL-10 and down-regulating TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ziemlińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Fasciola Hepatica Isolates Induce Different Immune Responses in Unmaturated Bovine Macrophages. J Vet Res 2019; 63:63-70. [PMID: 30989136 PMCID: PMC6458565 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a parasite of great socioeconomic importance. A number of fluke isolates have been identified; however, to date the differences between the immunomodulatory properties of different parasite isolates have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to explore differences between the immunomodulatory properties of two F. hepatica isolates using unmaturated bovine macrophages. Material and Methods A cell line of bovine macrophages was stimulated with excretory/secretory products released by adult flukes from either a laboratory (Fh-WeyES) or wild (Fh-WildES) strain and subsequently subjected to microarray and ELISA analyses. Results: Both Fh-WeyES and Fh-WildES dampened the release of interleukin-10 by bovine macrophages, but only Fh-WildES dampened the release of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-α. Microarray analysis revealed that Fh-WildES down- and upregulated 90 and 18 genes, respectively, when compared to Fh-WeyES. Conclusion The results indicated different impacts of the isolates on macrophages. A number of researchers use flukes obtained from local slaughterhouses for experiments. Our findings may explain some discrepancies between published results arising from parasite strain choice. The findings indicate that consideration should be given to the use of different strains, and open new and currently unexplored avenues in parasitology for controlling the parasite.
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Advancement in TPL2-regulated innate immune response. Immunobiology 2019; 224:383-387. [PMID: 30853309 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the MAP3K family. The activated TPL2 regulates the innate immune-relevant signaling pathways, such as ERK, JNK, and NF-κB, and the differentiation of immune cells, for example, CD4+ T and NK cells. Therefore, TPL2 plays a critical role in regulating the innate immune response. The present review summarizes the recent advancements in the TPL2-regulated innate immune response.
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+ T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
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Goldshmit Y, Jona G, Schmukler E, Solomon S, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Ruban A. Blood Glutamate Scavenger as a Novel Neuroprotective Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2581-2590. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash Biotechnology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ghil Jona
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Schmukler
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Solomon
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Angela Ruban
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hu Y, Tao X, Han X, Xu L, Yin L, Sun H, Qi Y, Xu Y, Peng J. MicroRNA-351-5p aggravates intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the targeting of MAPK13 and Sirtuin-6. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3594-3609. [PMID: 29952043 PMCID: PMC6086990 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is a serious clinical problem. Here we have investigated novel mechanisms and new drug targets in II/R injury by searching for microRNAs regulating such injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) of IEC-6 cell cultures and models of II/R models in rats and mice. Microarray assays were used to identify target miRNAs from rat intestinal. Real-time PCR, Western blot and dual luciferase reporter assays, and agomir and antagomir in vitro and in vivo were used to assess the effects of the target miRNA on II/R injury. KEY RESULTS The miR-351-5p was differentially expressed in our models and it targeted MAPK13 and sirtuin-6. This miRNA reduced levels of sirtuin-6 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and activated forkhead box O3 (FoxO3α) phosphorylation to cause oxidative stress. Also, miR-351-5p markedly reduced MAPK13 level, activated polycystic kidney disease 1/NF-κB signal and increased NF-κB (p65). Moreover, miR-351-5p up-regulated levels of Bcl2-associated X, cytochrome c, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 by reducing sirtuin-6 levels to promote apoptosis. In addition, miR-351-5p mimic in IEC-6 cells and agomir in mice aggravated these effects, and miR-351-5p inhibitor and antagomir in mice alleviated these actions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data showed that miR-351-5p aggravated II/R injury by promoting intestinal mucosal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by targeting MAPK13 and sirtuin-6.These data provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating II/R injury, and of miR-351-5p could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for such injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Hu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xu Han
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lina Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yan Qi
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Alsina-Beauchamp D, Escós A, Fajardo P, González-Romero D, Díaz-Mora E, Risco A, Martín-Serrano MA, Del Fresno C, Dominguez-Andrés J, Aparicio N, Zur R, Shpiro N, Brown GD, Ardavín C, Netea MG, Alemany S, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Cuenda A. Myeloid cell deficiency of p38γ/p38δ protects against candidiasis and regulates antifungal immunity. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8485. [PMID: 29661910 PMCID: PMC5938613 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a frequent aetiologic agent of sepsis associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Developing new antifungal therapies is a medical need due to the low efficiency and resistance to current antifungal drugs. Here, we show that p38γ and p38δ regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans We describe a new TAK1-TPL2-MKK1-ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages, which is activated by Dectin-1 engagement and positively regulated by p38γ/p38δ. In mice, p38γ/p38δ deficiency protects against C. albicans infection by increasing ROS and iNOS production and thus the antifungal capacity of neutrophils and macrophages, and by decreasing the hyper-inflammation that leads to severe host damage. Leucocyte recruitment to infected kidneys and production of inflammatory mediators are decreased in p38γ/δ-null mice, reducing septic shock. p38γ/p38δ in myeloid cells are critical for this effect. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of p38γ/p38δ in mice reduces fungal burden, revealing that these p38MAPKs may be therapeutic targets for treating C. albicans infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Dominguez-Andrés
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Aparicio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafal Zur
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Shpiro
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lyu A, Chen JJ, Wang HC, Yu XH, Zhang ZC, Gong P, Jiang LS, Liu FH. Punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:481-491. [PMID: 28585424 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bovine endometritis is one of the most common reproductive disorders in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS bEECs were stimulated with different concentrations (1, 10, 30, 50, and 100 μg/ml) of LPS for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and to identify the conditions for inflammatory injury and effective concentrations of punicalagin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting was used to assess levels of inflammation-related proteins. RESULTS Treatment of bEECs with 30 µg/ml LPS for 12 h induced cell injury and reduced cell viability. Punicalagin (5, 10, or 20 µg/ml) pretreatment significantly decreased LPS-induced productions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bEECs. Molecular research showed that punicalagin inhibited the activation of the upstream mediator nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppressing the production of inhibitor κBα (IκBα) and phosphorylation of p65. Results also indicated that punicalagin can suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). CONCLUSIONS Punicalagin may attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury and provide a potential option for the treatment of dairy cows with Escherichia coli endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng-Hua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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Alldred MJ, Chao HM, Lee SH, Beilin J, Powers BE, Petkova E, Strupp BJ, Ginsberg SD. CA1 pyramidal neuron gene expression mosaics in the Ts65Dn murine model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease following maternal choline supplementation. Hippocampus 2018; 28:251-268. [PMID: 29394516 PMCID: PMC5874173 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there are changes in gene expression and alterations in neuronal density and afferent inputs in the forebrain of trisomic mouse models of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of systematic assessments of gene expression and encoded proteins within individual vulnerable cell populations, precluding translational investigations at the molecular and cellular level. Further, no effective treatment exists to combat intellectual disability and basal forebrain cholinergic neurodegeneration seen in DS. To further our understanding of gene expression changes before and following cholinergic degeneration in a well-established mouse model of DS/AD, the Ts65Dn mouse, we assessed RNA expression levels from CA1 pyramidal neurons at two adult ages (∼6 months of age and ∼11 months of age) in both Ts65Dn and their normal disomic (2N) littermates. We further examined a therapeutic intervention, maternal choline supplementation (MCS), which has been previously shown to lessen dysfunction in spatial cognition and attention, and have protective effects on the survival of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the Ts65Dn mouse model. Results indicate that MCS normalized expression of several genes in key gene ontology categories, including synaptic plasticity, calcium signaling, and AD-associated neurodegeneration related to amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) clearance. Specifically, normalized expression levels were found for endothelin converting enzyme-2 (Ece2), insulin degrading enzyme (Ide), Dyrk1a, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Camk2a), among other relevant genes. Single population expression profiling of vulnerable CA1 pyramidal neurons indicates that MCS is a viable therapeutic for long-term reprogramming of key transcripts involved in neuronal signaling that are dysregulated in the trisomic mouse brain which have translational potential for DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Helen M. Chao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Child Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Judah Beilin
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
| | | | - Eva Petkova
- Child Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Barbara J. Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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Sutavani RV, Phair IR, Barker R, McFarlane A, Shpiro N, Lang S, Woodland A, Arthur JSC. Differential control of Toll-like receptor 4-induced interleukin-10 induction in macrophages and B cells reveals a role for p90 ribosomal S6 kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2302-2317. [PMID: 29229781 PMCID: PMC5818195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has linked dysregulated interleukin (IL)-10 production by IL-10+ve B cells to autoimmunity, highlighting the importance of improving the understanding of the regulation of IL-10 production in these cells. In both B cells and myeloid cells, IL-10 can be produced in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. In macrophages, previous studies have established that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs) regulate IL-10 production via the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein on the IL-10 promoter. We found here that although MSKs are activated in peritoneal B cells in response to TLR4 agonists, neither MSKs nor CREB are required for IL-10 production in these cells. Using a combination of chemical inhibitors and knockout mice, we found that IL-10 induction in B cells was regulated by an ERK1/2- and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase-dependent mechanism, unlike in macrophages in which p90 ribosomal S6 kinase was not required. This observation highlights fundamental differences in the signaling controlling IL-10 production in B cells and macrophages, even though these two cell types respond to a common TLR stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain R Phair
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology
| | | | | | - Natalia Shpiro
- the MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, and
| | - Stuart Lang
- the Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Woodland
- the Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Risco A, Martin-Serrano MA, Barber DF, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ Are Involved in T Lymphocyte Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29434594 PMCID: PMC5796910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are essential regulators of the immune response. Particularly, p38γ and p38δ regulate many immune cell functions such as cytokine production, migration, or T cell activation; however, their involvement in immune cell development is largely unknown. Here, we analysed the role of p38 MAPK isoforms p38γ and p38δ in T cell differentiation in the thymus and in lymph nodes, using mice deficient in p38γ, p38δ, or in both. We found that the T cell differentiation program in the thymus was affected at different stages in p38γ-, p38δ-, and p38γ/δ-deficient mice, and also peripheral T cell homaeostasis was compromised. Particularly, p38δ deletion affects different stages of early CD4−CD8− double-negative thymocyte development, whereas lack of p38γ favours thymocyte positive selection from CD4+CD8+ double-positive to CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive cells. Our results identify unreported functions for p38γ and p38δ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martin-Serrano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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