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González M, Maurelia F, Aguayo J, Amigo R, Arrué R, Gutiérrez JL, Torrejón M, Farkas C, Caprile T. Uncovering the role of the subcommissural organ in early brain development through transcriptomic analysis. Biol Res 2024; 57:49. [PMID: 39068496 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant role of embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) in the initial stages of brain development has been thoroughly studied. This fluid contains crucial molecules for proper brain development such as members of the Wnt and FGF families, apolipoproteins, and retinol binding protein. Nevertheless, the source of these molecules remains uncertain since they are present before the formation of the choroid plexus, which is conventionally known as the primary producer of cerebrospinal fluid. The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a highly conserved gland located in the diencephalon and is one of the earliest differentiating brain structures. The SCO secretes molecules into the eCSF, prior to the differentiation of the choroid plexus, playing a pivotal role in the homeostasis and dynamics of this fluid. One of the key molecules secreted by the SCO is SCO-spondin, a protein involved in maintenance of the normal ventricle size, straight spinal axis, neurogenesis, and axonal guidance. Furthermore, SCO secretes transthyretin and basic fibroblast growth factor 2, while other identified molecules in the eCSF could potentially be secreted by the SCO. Additionally, various transcription factors have been identified in the SCO. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the early SCO development are not fully understood. RESULTS To uncover key molecular players and signaling pathways involved in the role of the SCO during brain development, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis comparing the embryonic chick SCO at HH23 and HH30 stages (4 and 7 days respectively). Additionally, a public transcriptomic data from HH30 entire chick brain was used to compare expression levels between SCO and whole brain transcriptome. These analyses revealed that, at both stages, the SCO differentially expresses several members of bone morphogenic proteins, Wnt and fibroblast growth factors families, diverse proteins involved in axonal guidance, neurogenic and differentiative molecules, cell receptors and transcription factors. The secretory pathway is particularly upregulated at stage HH30 while the proliferative pathway is increased at stage HH23. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the SCO has the capacity to secrete several morphogenic molecules to the eCSF prior to the development of other structures, such as the choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arrué
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Leonardo Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Jin X, Dong W, Chang K, Yan Y. Research on the signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease:A literature review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117850. [PMID: 38331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of Daergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been reported that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been found to possess a protective effect against PD. TCM has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of DA neurons via the regulation of signaling pathways associated with PD. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of PD and the mechanism of active ingredients of TCM regulating PD via signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "Parkinson's disease", "Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", "Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson's disorders", "Parkinsonism syndrome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "active ingredients", "medicinal plants" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS PD exhibits a close association with various signaling pathways, including but not limited to MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR/TRIF, NLRP3, Notch. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these signaling pathways. In addition, the active ingredients of TCM have shown significant effects in improving OS, neuroinflammation, and DA neuron apoptosis in PD. CONCLUSION The active ingredients of TCM have unique advantages in regulating PD-related signaling pathways. It is suggested to combine network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the specific targets of TCM. This not only provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of PD with the active ingredients of TCM, but also provides a scientific basis for the selection and development of TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wendi Dong
- Foshan Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongmei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
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Yang X, Zhou W, Zhou J, Li A, Zhang C, Fang Z, Wang C, Liu S, Hao A, Zhang M. Pcgf5: An important regulatory factor in early embryonic neural induction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27634. [PMID: 38533065 PMCID: PMC10963245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group RING finger (PCGF) proteins, a crucial subunits of the Polycomb complex, plays an important role in regulating gene expression, embryonic development, and cell fate determination. In our research, we investigated Pcgf5, one of the six PCGF homologs, and its impact on the differentiation of P19 cells into neural stem cells. Our findings revealed that knockdown of Pcgf5 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression levels of the neuronal markers Sox2, Zfp521, and Pax6, while the expression levels of the pluripotent markers Oct4 and Nanog increased. Conversely, Pcgf5 overexpression upregulated the expression of Sox2 and Pax6, while downregulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog. Additionally, our analysis revealed that Pcgf5 suppresses Wnt3 expression via the activation of Notch1/Hes1, and ultimately governs the differentiation fate of neural stem cells. To further validate our findings, we conducted in vivo experiments in zebrafish. We found that knockdown of pcgf5a using morpholino resulted in the downregulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes such as sox2, sox3, and foxg1 in zebrafish embryos. Consequently, these changes led to neurodevelopmental defects. In conclusion, our study highlights the important role of Pcgf5 in neural induction and the determination of neural cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- International Center, Jinan Foreign Language School, Jinan, 250108, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Zhang Z, Wu Z, Hu S, He M. Identification of serum microRNA alterations associated with long-term exercise-induced motor improvements in patients with Parkinson disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37470. [PMID: 38552099 PMCID: PMC10977540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term physical exercise has been shown to benefit patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but there is a lack of evidence regarding the underlying mechanism. A better understanding of how such benefits are induced by exercise might contribute to the development of therapeutic targets for improving the motor function in individuals with PD. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the possible association between exercise-induced motor improvements and the changes in serum microRNA (miRNA) levels of PD patients through small RNA sequencing for the first time. METHODS Thirteen PD patients completed our 3-month home-and-community-based exercise program, while 6 patients were assigned to the control group. Motor functions were measured, and small RNA sequencing with data analysis was performed on serum miRNAs both before and after the program. The results were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were then conducted to determine the role of differentially expressed miRNAs. RESULTS The 3-month home-and-community-based exercise program induced significant motor improvements in PD patients in terms of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living and Motor Subscale (P < .05), comfortable walking speed (P = .003), fast walking speed (P = .028), Six-Minute Walk Test (P = .004), Berg Balance Scale (P = .039), and Timed Up and Go (P = .002). A total of 11 miRNAs (10 upregulated and one downregulated) were identified to be remarkably differentially expressed after intervention in the exercise group, but not in the control group. The results of miRNA sequencing were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the targets of altered miRNAs were mostly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, and Hippo signaling pathways and the GO annotations mainly included binding, catalytic activity, and transcription regulator activity. CONCLUSION The exercise-induced motor improvements were possibly associated with changes in circulating miRNA levels in PD patients. These miRNAs, as well as the most enriched pathways and GO terms, may play a critical role in the mechanism of exercise-induced benefits in PD and serve as novel treatment targets for the disease, although further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kuroda T, Yasuda S, Matsuyama S, Miura T, Sawada R, Matsuyama A, Yamamoto Y, Morioka MS, Kawaji H, Kasukawa T, Itoh M, Akutsu H, Kawai J, Sato Y. ROR2 expression predicts human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation into neural stem/progenitor cells and GABAergic neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:690. [PMID: 38184695 PMCID: PMC10771438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of various in vitro differentiation protocols for the efficient derivation of specific cell types, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines have varing ability to differentiate into specific lineages. Therefore, surrogate markers for accurately predicting the differentiation propensity of hiPSC lines may facilitate cell-based therapeutic product development and manufacture. We attempted to identify marker genes that could predict the differentiation propensity of hiPSCs into neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, we investigated genes in the undifferentiated state, the expression levels of which were significantly correlated with the neuronal differentiation propensity of several hiPSC lines. Among genes significantly correlated with NS/PC differentiation (P < 0.01), we identified ROR2 as a novel predictive marker. ROR2 expression in hiPSCs was negatively correlated with NS/PC differentiation tendency, regardless of the differentiation method, whereas its knockdown enhanced differentiation. ROR2 regulates NS/PC differentiation, suggesting that ROR2 is functionally essential for NS/PC differentiation. Selecting cell lines with relatively low ROR2 expression facilitated identification of hiPSCs that can differentiate into NS/PCs. Cells with ROR2 knockdown showed increased efficiency of differentiation into forebrain GABAergic neurons compared to controls. These findings suggest that ROR2 is a surrogate marker for selecting hiPSC lines appropriate for NS/PC and GABAergic neuronal differentiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsuyama
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Reverse TR, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Miura
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Sawada
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Center for Reverse TR, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Center for Genome and Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kawai
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Life Science Technology Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
- Department of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Nishimura K, Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Yang S, Arenas E. A protocol for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into midbrain dopaminergic neurons. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102355. [PMID: 37310863 PMCID: PMC10511858 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for the generation of functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which mimics the development of the human ventral midbrain. We describe steps for hESC proliferation, induction of mDA progenitors, freezing stocks of mDA progenitors as an intermediate starting point to reduce the time to make mDA neurons, and maturation of mDA neurons. The entire protocol is feeder-free and uses chemically defined materials. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nishimura et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Functional Brain Circuit Construction, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Emilía Sif Ásgrímsdóttir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Li Y, Zhu M, Chen WX, Luo J, Li X, Cao Y, Zheng M, Ma S, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Wang X, Tan T, Li X, Gong Q, Xiong X, Wang J, Tang M, Li M, Tang YP. A novel mutation in intron 1 of Wnt1 causes developmental loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and ASD-like behaviors in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3795-3805. [PMID: 37658228 PMCID: PMC10730402 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic liability. Despite extensive studies, however, the underlying pathogenic mechanism still remains elusive. In the present study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the intron 1 of Wnt1 via large-scale screening of ASD risk/causative genes and verified that this mutation created a new splicing donor site in the intron 1, and consequently, a decrease of WNT1 expression. Interestingly, humanized rat models harboring this mutation exhibited robust ASD-like behaviors including impaired ultrasonic vocalization (USV), decreased social interactions, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Moreover, in the substantia nigra compacta (SNpc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mutant rats, dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons were dramatically lost, together with a comparable decrease in striatal DAergic fibers. Furthermore, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that the decreased DAergic neurons in these midbrain areas might attribute to a shift of the boundary of the local pool of progenitor cells from the hypothalamic floor plate to the midbrain floor plate during the early embryonic stage. Moreover, treatments of mutant rats with levodopa could attenuate the impaired USV and social interactions almost completely, but not the restricted and repetitive behaviors. Our results for the first time documented that the developmental loss of DAergic neurons in the midbrain underlies the pathogenesis of ASD, and that the abnormal progenitor cell patterning is a cellular underpinning for this developmental DAergic neuronal loss. Importantly, the effective dopamine therapy suggests a translational significance in the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Department of Child Health, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhilan Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Linyan Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ting Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Child Health, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Mingxi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Mingtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Department of Child Health, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Zhou S, Yang Y, Cheng Z, Wu M, Han Q, Zhao W, Liu H. Effects of early maternal separation on the expression levels of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex genes and pathways in lactating piglets. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1243296. [PMID: 37645701 PMCID: PMC10460909 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1243296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In actual production, due to increased litter size when raising pigs, the management of piglets by split-suckling leads to intermittent neonatal maternal separation (MS). Early lactation is a critical period for the cognitive development of the brain of newborn piglets, and we hypothesized that intermittent MS may affect piglets' neurodevelopment and cognitive ability. Methods To determine the effects of the MS, we selected hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) tissues from piglets for the detection of neurodevelopmental or cognitive related indicators, the control group (Con group, n = 6) was established with no MS and an experimental group (MS group, n = 6) was established with MS for 6 h/day. Piglets in the MS group were milk-supplemented during the separation period and all piglets in both treatment groups were weaned at postnatal day (PND) 35. On PND 35, three male piglets from each group were sacrificed for hippocampus and PFC samples used for reference transcriptome sequencing. Following bioinformatics analysis, Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and candidate gene screening and pathway were performed for differentially expressed genes. Results The results showed that a total of 1,632 differential genes were identified in the hippocampus of the MS group, including 1,077 up-regulated differential genes, 555 down-regulated differential genes, and 655 significant GO entries. Analysis of the PFC of the MS group revealed 349 up-regulated genes, 151 down-regulated differential genes, and 584 significant GO entries. Genes associated with neurodevelopment were screened for large fold differences in the hippocampus, and genes associated with cognition were screened for large fold differences in the PFC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the sequencing data. Western blot (WB) experiments revealed that MS inhibited the neurodevelopment-related WNT signaling pathway in the hippocampus and the cognitive-related PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the PFC. Discussion Taken together, these findings suggest that intermittent MS may affect some cognitive functions in piglets by damaging hippocampal and PFC genes or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhao
- Institute of New Rural Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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9
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Wang X, Chen X, Liu G, Cai H, Le W. The Crucial Roles of Pitx3 in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Development and Parkinson's Disease-Associated Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108614. [PMID: 37239960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, particularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), is one of the most prominent pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). To uncover the pathogenic mechanisms of mDA neuronal death during PD may provide therapeutic targets to prevent mDA neuronal loss and slow down the disease's progression. Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (Pitx3) is selectively expressed in the mDA neurons as early as embryonic day 11.5 and plays a critical role in mDA neuron terminal differentiation and subset specification. Moreover, Pitx3-deficient mice exhibit some canonical PD-related features, including the profound loss of SNc mDA neurons, a dramatic decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) levels, and motor abnormalities. However, the precise role of Pitx3 in progressive PD and how this gene contributes to mDA neuronal specification during early stages remains unclear. In this review, we updated the latest findings on Pitx3 by summarizing the crosstalk between Pitx3 and its associated transcription factors in mDA neuron development. We further explored the potential benefits of Pitx3 as a therapeutic target for PD in the future. To better understand the transcriptional network of Pitx3 in mDA neuron development may provide insights into Pitx3-related clinical drug-targeting research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guangdong Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 611731, China
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10
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Sibuea S, Ho JK, Pouton CW, Haynes JM. TGFβ3, dibutyryl cAMP and a notch inhibitor modulate phenotype late in stem cell-derived dopaminergic neuron maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1111705. [PMID: 36819101 PMCID: PMC9928866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAs) from pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) holds much promise for both disease modelling studies and as a cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Generally, dopaminergic neuron differentiation paradigms rely on inhibition of smad signalling for neural induction followed by hedgehog signalling and an elevation of β-catenin to drive dopaminergic differentiation. Post-patterning, differentiating dopaminergic neuron cultures are permitted time for maturation after which the success of these differentiation paradigms is usually defined by expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. However, during maturation, culture media is often supplemented with additives to promote neuron survival and or promote cell differentiation. These additives include dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP), transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) and or the γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). While these factors are routinely added to cultures, their impact upon pluripotent stem cell-derived mDA phenotype is largely unclear. In this study, we differentiate pluripotent stem cells toward a dopaminergic phenotype and investigate how the omission of dbcAMP, TGFβ3 or DAPT, late in maturation, affects the regulation of multiple dopaminergic neuron phenotype markers. We now show that the removal of dbcAMP or TGFβ3 significantly and distinctly impacts multiple markers of the mDA phenotype (FOXA2, EN1, EN2, FOXA2, SOX6), while commonly increasing both MSX2 and NEUROD1 and reducing expression of both tyrosine hydroxylase and WNT5A. Removing DAPT significantly impacted MSX2, OTX2, EN1, and KCNJ6. In the absence of any stressful stimuli, we suggest that these culture additives should be viewed as mDA phenotype-modifying, rather than neuroprotective. We also suggest that their addition to cultures is likely to confound the interpretation of both transplantation and disease modelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Sibuea
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia,National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joan K. Ho
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John M. Haynes
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: John M. Haynes,
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11
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Nishimura K, Yang S, Lee KW, Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Nikouei K, Paslawski W, Gnodde S, Lyu G, Hu L, Saltó C, Svenningsson P, Hjerling-Leffler J, Linnarsson S, Arenas E. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals correct developmental dynamics and high-quality midbrain cell types by improved hESC differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:337-353. [PMID: 36400027 PMCID: PMC9860082 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technologies provide new opportunities for modeling cells in health and disease and for regenerative medicine. In both cases, developmental knowledge and defining the molecular properties and quality of the cell types is essential. In this study, we identify developmental factors important for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. We found that laminin-511, and dual canonical and non-canonical WNT activation followed by GSK3β inhibition plus FGF8b, improved midbrain patterning. In addition, neurogenesis and differentiation were enhanced by activation of liver X receptors and inhibition of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Moreover, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a developmental dynamics similar to that of the endogenous human ventral midbrain and the emergence of high-quality molecularly defined midbrain cell types, including mDA neurons. Our study identifies novel factors important for human midbrain development and opens the door for a future application of molecularly defined hESC-derived cell types in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ka Wai Lee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilía Sif Ásgrímsdóttir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasra Nikouei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Gnodde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guochang Lyu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Saltó
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Gordon J, Lockard G, Monsour M, Alayli A, Choudhary H, Borlongan CV. Sequestration of Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease via Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710138. [PMID: 36077534 PMCID: PMC9456021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Insidious and progressive, this disorder is secondary to the gradual loss of dopaminergic signaling and worsening neuroinflammation, affecting patients’ motor capabilities. Gold standard treatment includes exogenous dopamine therapy in the form of levodopa–carbidopa, or surgical intervention with a deep brain stimulator to the subcortical basal ganglia. Unfortunately, these therapies may ironically exacerbate the already pro-inflammatory environment. An alternative approach may involve cell-based therapies. Cell-based therapies, whether endogenous or exogenous, often have anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative strategies, such as exercise and diet modifications, also appear to play a significant role in facilitating endogenous and exogenous stem cells to induce an anti-inflammatory response, and thus are of unique interest to neuroinflammatory conditions including Parkinson’s disease. Treating patients with current gold standard therapeutics and adding adjuvant stem cell therapy, alongside the aforementioned lifestyle modifications, may ideally sequester inflammation and thus halt neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Adam Alayli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hassan Choudhary
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Melatonin ameliorates Parkinson's disease via regulating microglia polarization in a RORα-dependent pathway. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35803929 PMCID: PMC9270337 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An important pathophysiological component of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is circadian rhythm disorder, closely related to a decrease in circulated melatonin (MLT) level. It has been reported recently that retinoic acid-associated orphan nuclear receptor (RORα), for the potentiallyendogenous ligand MLT, plays an important role in various diseases. However, the function of RORα in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains much unclear. Here, we showed in a cellular PD model that RORα expression was down-regulated in 1 methyl 4 phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated BV2 cells but up-regulated by MLT. Of a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) - induced mouse model with RORα levels reduced in the midbrain tissue, MLT treatment (intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg/d for 7 days) significantly increased the RORα levels and protected dopamine neurons, with decreased inflammation and increased anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype in the microglia. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown implied the involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. In conclusion, MLT ameliorates neuroinflammation by inhibiting STAT-related pro-inflammatory (M1-like) polarization of microglia, revealing alternative options for neuroprotective treatment of PD.
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14
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Liu J, Yang L, Li H, Cai Y, Feng J, Hu Z. Conditional ablation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor U in midbrain dopaminergic neurons results in reduced neuronal size. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Xu P, He H, Gao Q, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Zhang X, Sun L, Hu G, Guan Q, You Z, Zhang X, Zheng W, Xiong M, Chen Y. Human midbrain dopaminergic neuronal differentiation markers predict cell therapy outcome in a Parkinson's disease model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156768. [PMID: 35700056 PMCID: PMC9282930 DOI: 10.1172/jci156768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based replacement therapy holds great promise in treating Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the heterogeneity of hPSC-derived donor cells and the low yield of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons after transplantation hinder its broad clinical application. Here, we depicted the single-cell molecular landscape during mDA neuron differentiation. We found that this process recapitulated the development of multiple but adjacent fetal brain regions including ventral midbrain, isthmus, and ventral hindbrain, resulting in heterogenous donor cell population. We reconstructed the differentiation trajectory of mDA lineage and identified CLSTN2 and PTPRO as specific surface markers of mDA progenitors, which were predictive of mDA neuron differentiation and could facilitate highly enriched mDA neurons (up to 80%) following progenitor sorting and transplantation. Marker sorted progenitors exhibited higher therapeutic potency in correcting motor deficits of PD mice. Different marker sorted grafts had a strikingly consistent cellular composition, in which mDA neurons were enriched, while off-target neuron types were mostly depleted, suggesting stable graft outcomes. Our study provides a better understanding of cellular heterogeneity during mDA neuron differentiation, and establishes a strategy to generate highly purified donor cells to achieve stable and predictable therapeutic outcomes, raising the prospect of hPSC-based PD cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibo Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyu Sun
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen You
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Xiong
- Institute State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Westphal M, Panza P, Kastenhuber E, Wehrle J, Driever W. Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes neurogenesis in the diencephalospinal dopaminergic system of embryonic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1030. [PMID: 35046434 PMCID: PMC8770493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to patterning, proliferation, and differentiation throughout vertebrate neural development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important for mammalian midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, while little is known about its role in ventral forebrain dopaminergic development. Here, we focus on the A11-like, Otp-dependent diencephalospinal dopaminergic system in zebrafish. We show that Wnt ligands, receptors and extracellular antagonist genes are expressed in the vicinity of developing Otp-dependent dopaminergic neurons. Using transgenic Wnt/β-catenin-reporters, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity is absent from these dopaminergic neurons, but detected Wnt/β-catenin activity in cells adjacent to the caudal DC5/6 clusters of Otp-dependent dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacological manipulations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, as well as heat-shock driven overexpression of Wnt agonists and antagonists, interfere with the development of DC5/6 dopaminergic neurons, such that Wnt/β-catenin activity positively correlates with their number. Wnt/β-catenin activity promoted dopaminergic development specifically at stages when DC5/6 dopaminergic progenitors are in a proliferative state. Our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts in a spatially and temporally restricted manner on proliferative dopaminergic progenitors in the hypothalamus to positively regulate the size of the dopaminergic neuron groups DC5 and DC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Westphal
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Panza
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Edda Kastenhuber
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Wehrle
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Nelke A, García-López S, Martínez-Serrano A, Pereira MP. Multifactoriality of Parkinson's Disease as Explored Through Human Neural Stem Cells and Their Transplantation in Middle-Aged Parkinsonian Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:773925. [PMID: 35126116 PMCID: PMC8807563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no cure. Cell replacement therapy is a potential treatment for PD; however, this therapy has more clinically beneficial outcomes in younger patients with less advanced PD. In this study, hVM1 clone 32 cells, a line of human neural stem cells, were characterized and subsequently transplanted in middle-aged Parkinsonian mice in order to examine cell replacement therapy as a treatment for PD. In vitro analyses revealed that these cells express standard dopamine-centered markers as well as others associated with mitochondrial and peroxisome function, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Four months after the transplantation of the hVM1 clone 32 cells, striatal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was minimally reduced in all Parkinsonian mice but that of dopamine transporter was decreased to a greater extent in buffer compared to cell-treated mice. Behavioral tests showed marked differences between experimental groups, and cell transplant improved hyperactivity and gait alterations, while in the striatum, astroglial populations were increased in all groups due to age and a higher amount of microglia were found in Parkinsonian mice. In the motor cortex, nonphosphorylated neurofilament heavy was increased in all Parkinsonian mice. Overall, these findings demonstrate that hVM1 clone 32 cell transplant prevented motor and non-motor impairments and that PD is a complex disorder with many influencing factors, thus reinforcing the idea of novel targets for PD treatment that tend to be focused on dopamine and nigrostriatal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nelke
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia García-López
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P. Pereira
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Haynes JM, Sibuea SM, Aguiar AA, Li F, Ho JK, Pouton CW. Inhibition of β-catenin dependent WNT signalling upregulates the transcriptional repressor NR0B1 and downregulates markers of an A9 phenotype in human embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons: Implications for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261730. [PMID: 34941945 PMCID: PMC8700011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate how β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling impacts midbrain dopaminergic neuron (mDA) specification. mDA cultures at day 65 of differentiation responded to 25 days of the tankyrase inhibitor XAV969 (XAV, 100nM) with reduced expression of markers of an A9 mDA phenotype (KCNJ6, ALDH1A1 and TH) but increased expression of the transcriptional repressors NR0B1 and NR0B2. Overexpression of NR0B1 and or NR0B2 promoted a loss of A9 dopaminergic neuron phenotype markers (KCNJ6, ALDH1A1 and TH). Overexpression of NR0B1, but not NR0B2 promoted a reduction in expression of the β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling pathway activator RSPO2. Analysis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) transcriptomic databases shows a profound PD-associated elevation of NR0B1 as well as reduced transcript for RSPO2. We conclude that reduced β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling impacts dopaminergic neuron identity, in vitro, through increased expression of the transcriptional repressor, NR0B1. We also speculate that dopaminergic neuron regulatory mechanisms may be perturbed in PD and that this may have an impact upon both existing nigral neurons and also neural progenitors transplanted as PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Haynes
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shanti M. Sibuea
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alita A. Aguiar
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangwei Li
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joan K. Ho
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Nandakumar S, Shahani P, Datta I, Pal R. Interventional Strategies for Parkinson Disease: Can Neural Precursor Cells Forge a Path Ahead? ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3785-3794. [PMID: 34628850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs), derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), with their unique ability to generate multiple neuronal and glial cell types are extremely useful for understanding biological mechanisms in normal and diseased states. However, generation of specific neuronal subtypes (mature) from NPCs in large numbers adequate for cell therapy is challenging due to lack of a thorough understanding of the cues that govern their differentiation. Interestingly, neural stem cells (NSCs) themselves are in consideration for therapy given their potency to form different neural cell types, release of trophic factors, and immunomodulatory effects that confer neuroprotection. With the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its accompanying neurological indications, the immunomodulatory role of NSCs may gain additional significance in the prevention of disease progression in vulnerable populations. In this regard, small-molecule mediated NPC generation from PSCs via NSC formation has become an important strategy that ensures consistency and robustness of the process. The development of the mammalian brain occurs along the rostro-caudal axis, and the establishment of anterior identity is an early event. Wnt signaling, along with fibroblast growth factor and retinoic acid, acts as a caudalization signal. Further, the increasing amount of epigenetic data available from human fetal brain development has enhanced both our understanding of and ability to experimentally manipulate these developmental regulatory programs in vitro. However, the impact on homing and engraftment after transplantation and subsequently on therapeutic efficacy of NPCs based on their derivation strategy is not yet clear. Another formidable challenge in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is the mode of delivery. In this Perspective, we discuss these core ideas with insights from our preliminary studies exploring the role of PSC-derived NPCs in rat models of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease following intranasal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Nandakumar
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
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Guy B, Zhang JS, Duncan LH, Johnston RJ. Human neural organoids: Models for developmental neurobiology and disease. Dev Biol 2021; 478:102-121. [PMID: 34181916 PMCID: PMC8364509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human organoids stand at the forefront of basic and translational research, providing experimentally tractable systems to study human development and disease. These stem cell-derived, in vitro cultures can generate a multitude of tissue and organ types, including distinct brain regions and sensory systems. Neural organoid systems have provided fundamental insights into molecular mechanisms governing cell fate specification and neural circuit assembly and serve as promising tools for drug discovery and understanding disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss several human neural organoid systems, how they are generated, advances in 3D imaging and bioengineering, and the impact of organoid studies on our understanding of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Guy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jingliang Simon Zhang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Leighton H Duncan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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21
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Zhao CG, Qin J, Li J, Jiang S, Ju F, Sun W, Ren Z, Ji YQ, Wang R, Sun XL, Mou X, Yuan H. LINGO-1 regulates Wnt5a signaling during neural stem and progenitor cell differentiation by modulating miR-15b-3p levels. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:372. [PMID: 34187584 PMCID: PMC8243903 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manipulation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) is critical for the successful treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) by NSPC transplantation, since their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes can be inhibited by factors present in inflamed myelin. In this study, we examined the effects of LINGO-1 on spinal cord-derived NSPC (sp-NSPC) differentiation, the underlying mechanisms of action, and the functional recovery of mice after transplantation of manipulated cells. Methods sp-NSPCs were harvested from female adult C57/BL6 mice after SCI induced with an NYU impactor. These cells were infected with lentiviral vectors containing LINGO-1 shRNA sequence or a scrambled control and transplanted into SCI mice. Tuj-1- and GFAP-positive cells were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Wnt5a, p-JNK, JNK, and β-catenin expression was determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. miRNAs were sequenced to detect changes in miRNA expression. Motor function was evaluated 0–35 days post-surgery by means of the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and by the rotarod performance test. Results We discovered that LINGO-1 shRNA increased neuronal differentiation of sp-NSPCs while decreasing astrocyte differentiation. These effects were accompanied by elevated Wnt5a protein expression, but unexpectedly, no changes in Wnt5a mRNA levels. miRNA-sequence analysis demonstrated that miR-15b-3p was a downstream mediator of LINGO-1 which suppressed Wnt5a expression. Transplantation of LINGO-1 shRNA-treated sp-NSPCs into SCI mice promoted neural differentiation, wound compaction, and motor function recovery. Conclusions LINGO-1 shRNA promotes neural differentiation of sp-NSPCs and Wnt5a expression, probably by downregulating miR-15b-3p. Transplantation of LINGO-1 shRNA-treated NSPCs promotes recovery of motor function after SCI, highlighting its potential as a target for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Medicine and Health, University Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Ju
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ji
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Mou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Toledo EM, Yang S, Gyllborg D, van Wijk KE, Sinha I, Varas-Godoy M, Grigsby CL, Lönnerberg P, Islam S, Steffensen KR, Linnarsson S, Arenas E. Srebf1 Controls Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107601. [PMID: 32375051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) and their ligands are potent regulators of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurogenesis and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LXRs control these functions remain to be elucidated. Here, we perform a combined transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of midbrain cells after LXR activation, followed by bioinformatic analysis to elucidate the transcriptional networks controlling mDA neurogenesis. Our results identify the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) as part of a cluster of proneural transcription factors in radial glia and as a regulator of transcription factors controlling mDA neurogenesis, such as Foxa2. Moreover, loss- and gain-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that Srebf1 is both required and sufficient for mDA neurogenesis. Our data, thus, identify Srebf1 as a central player in mDA neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim E van Wijk
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher L Grigsby
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saiful Islam
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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van Vliet AC, Lee J, van der Poel M, Mason MRJ, Noordermeer JN, Fradkin LG, Tannemaat MR, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J, De Winter F. Coordinated changes in the expression of Wnt pathway genes following human and rat peripheral nerve injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249748. [PMID: 33848304 PMCID: PMC8043392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A human neuroma-in continuity (NIC), formed following a peripheral nerve lesion, impedes functional recovery. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of a NIC are poorly understood. Here we show that the expression of multiple genes of the Wnt family, including Wnt5a, is changed in NIC tissue from patients that underwent reconstructive surgery. The role of Wnt ligands in NIC pathology and nerve regeneration is of interest because Wnt ligands are implicated in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, axon repulsion and guidance. The observations in NIC prompted us to investigate the expression of Wnt ligands in the injured rat sciatic nerve and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the injured nerve, four gene clusters were identified with temporal expression profiles corresponding to particular phases of the regeneration process. In the DRG up- and down regulation of certain Wnt receptors suggests that nerve injury has an impact on the responsiveness of injured sensory neurons to Wnt ligands in the nerve. Immunohistochemistry showed that Schwann cells in the NIC and in the injured nerve are the source of Wnt5a, whereas the Wnt5a receptor Ryk is expressed by axons traversing the NIC. Taken together, these observations suggest a central role for Wnt signalling in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie C. van Vliet
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhui Lee
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlijn van der Poel
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R. J. Mason
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lee G. Fradkin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Martijn R. Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. A. Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Current State-of-the-Art and Unresolved Problems in Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopamine Neurons for Parkinson's Disease Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073381. [PMID: 33806103 PMCID: PMC8037675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the potential to give rise to a new era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. As a unique source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, iPS cells provide unparalleled capabilities for investigating the pathogenesis of PD, the development of novel anti-parkinsonian drugs, and personalized therapy design. Significant progress in developmental biology of midbrain DA neurons laid the foundation for their efficient derivation from iPS cells. The introduction of 3D culture methods to mimic the brain microenvironment further expanded the vast opportunities of iPS cell-based research of the neurodegenerative diseases. However, while the benefits for basic and applied studies provided by iPS cells receive widespread coverage in the current literature, the drawbacks of this model in its current state, and in particular, the aspects of differentiation protocols requiring further refinement are commonly overlooked. This review summarizes the recent data on general and subtype-specific features of midbrain DA neurons and their development. Here, we review the current protocols for derivation of DA neurons from human iPS cells and outline their general weak spots. The associated gaps in the contemporary knowledge are considered and the possible directions for future research that may assist in improving the differentiation conditions and increase the efficiency of using iPS cell-derived neurons for PD drug development are discussed.
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25
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Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified NSCs promotes tissue repair and locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:2020-2033. [PMID: 33311637 PMCID: PMC8080632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are insufficient to repair locomotor function because of the failure of axonal reconnection and neuronal regeneration in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been considered a potential strategy and is generally feasible for repairing the neural circuit after SCI; however, the most formidable problem is that the neuronal differentiation rate of NSCs is quite limited. Therefore, it is essential to induce the neuronal differentiation of NSCs and improve the differentiation rate of NSCs in spinal cord repair. Our results demonstrate that both Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p could promote NSC differentiation into neurons and that Wnt5a upregulated miRNA200b-3p expression through MAPK/JNK signaling to promote NSC differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a could reduce RhoA expression by upregulating miRNA200b-3p expression to inhibit activation of the RhoA/Rock signaling pathway, which has been reported to suppress neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of RhoA abolished the neurogenic capacity of Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p. In vivo, miRNA200b-3p was critical for Wnt5a-induced NSC differentiation into neurons to promote motor functional and histological recovery after SCI by suppressing RhoA/Rock signaling. These findings provide more insight into SCI and help with the identification of novel treatment strategies. Incorporating key molecules into neural stem cells enhances their ability to differentiate correctly and promote repair following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injuries can have a debilitating effect on patients’ lives, yet there are no therapies that fully restore movement and sensation. Therapies based on neural stem cells (NSCs) show promise, but initial studies show many NSCs differentiate into astrocytes, supportive cells that do not conduct nerve impulses, instead of neurons, leading to treatment failure. Yong Wan and Le Wang at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, and co-workers demonstrated that adding a protein called Wnt5a and a specific microRNA molecule to NSCs significantly increases differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a suppresses a signalling pathway that otherwise interferes with NSC differentiation. Experiments on rat models showed that the therapy improved locomotor function and tissue repair after injury.
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26
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Nouri P, Götz S, Rauser B, Irmler M, Peng C, Trümbach D, Kempny C, Lechermeier CG, Bryniok A, Dlugos A, Euchner E, Beckers J, Brodski C, Klümper C, Wurst W, Prakash N. Dose-Dependent and Subset-Specific Regulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation by LEF1-Mediated WNT1/b-Catenin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587778. [PMID: 33195246 PMCID: PMC7649324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons, including the nigrostriatal subset that preferentially degenerates in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), strongly depend on an accurately balanced Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 1 (WNT1)/beta-catenin signaling pathway during their development. Loss of this pathway abolishes the generation of these neurons, whereas excessive WNT1/b-catenin signaling prevents their correct differentiation. The identity of the cells responding to this pathway in the developing mammalian ventral midbrain (VM) as well as the precise progression of WNT/b-catenin action in these cells are still unknown. We show that strong WNT/b-catenin signaling inhibits the differentiation of WNT/b-catenin-responding mdDA progenitors into PITX3+ and TH+ mdDA neurons by repressing the Pitx3 gene in mice. This effect is mediated by RSPO2, a WNT/b-catenin agonist, and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), an essential nuclear effector of the WNT/b-catenin pathway, via conserved LEF1/T-cell factor binding sites in the Pitx3 promoter. LEF1 expression is restricted to a caudolateral mdDA progenitor subset that preferentially responds to WNT/b-catenin signaling and gives rise to a fraction of all mdDA neurons. Our data indicate that an attenuation of WNT/b-catenin signaling in mdDA progenitors is essential for their correct differentiation into specific mdDA neuron subsets. This is an important consideration for stem cell-based regenerative therapies and in vitro models of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Nouri
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Götz
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedict Rauser
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changgeng Peng
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kempny
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Carina G Lechermeier
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Bryniok
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Andrea Dlugos
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Ellen Euchner
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claude Brodski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Claudia Klümper
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Stem Cell Biology, Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Hamm, Germany
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Qin H, Zhao AD, Sun ML, Ma K, Fu XB. Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells using small molecules and protein factors. Mil Med Res 2020; 7:52. [PMID: 33129359 PMCID: PMC7603706 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation of neurons is essential in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Several studies have reported the generation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts by ectopic expression of transcription factors, in which genetic manipulation is associated with potential risks. METHODS The small molecules and protein factors were selected based on their function to directly induce human fetal lung IMR-90 fibroblasts into DA neuron-like cells. Microscopical, immunocytochemical, and RT-qPCR analyses were used to characterize the morphology, phenotype, and gene expression features of the induced cells. The whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were exploited to measure the electrophysiological properties. RESULTS Human IMR-90 fibroblasts were rapidly converted into DA neuron-like cells after the chemical induction using small molecules and protein factors, with a yield of approximately 95% positive TUJ1-positive cells. The induced DA neuron-like cells were immunopositive for pan-neuronal markers MAP2, NEUN, and Synapsin 1 and DA markers TH, DDC, DAT, and NURR1. The chemical induction process did not involve a neural progenitor/stem cell intermediate stage. The induced neurons could fire single action potentials, which reflected partially the electrophysiological properties of neurons. CONCLUSION We developed a chemical cocktail of small molecules and protein factors to convert human fibroblasts into DA neuron-like cells without passing through a neural progenitor/stem cell intermediate stage. The induced DA neuron-like cells from human fibroblasts might provide a cellular source for cell-based therapy of Parkinson's disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - An-Dong Zhao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng-Li Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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28
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Zhen H, Deng H, Song Q, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Cao Z, Pang Q, Zhao B. The Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway is essential for the regeneration of GABAergic neurons in planarian Dugesia japonica. FASEB J 2020; 34:16567-16580. [PMID: 33094857 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903040rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The growth and differentiation of neurons are critical events in the establishment of proper neuron connectivity and function. Planarians have a remarkable ability to completely regenerate a functional nervous system from a pluripotent stem cell population. Thus, planarians provide a powerful model to identify genes required for neuronal differentiation in vivo. The Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway is crucial for cancer development, arousing inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration. We analyzed the expression patterns and RNAi phenotypes for members of the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway in the planarian, Dugesia japonica. The expression of DjWnt5a, DjPLC-β, DjCamKII, and DjCaln during regeneration was surprisingly similar and revealing in the regenerated brain. RNAi knockdown of DjWnt5a, DjPLC-β, DjCamKII, and DjCaln led to defects in regenerated brains including brain partial deletions, incompact phenotypes at the posterior of the new brain, and lateral branches, which could not regenerate. Furthermore, the expressions of GAD and the number of GABAergic neurons decreased. Together, these results suggest that the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway is required for GABAergic neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhen
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Song
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghong Cao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
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29
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Kim SM, Cho SY, Kim MW, Roh SR, Shin HS, Suh YH, Geum D, Lee MA. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies NURR1-Controlled Network of New Synapse Formation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Neural Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:551-571. [PMID: 32522891 PMCID: PMC7332357 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) protein has been identified as an obligatory transcription factor in midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, but the global set of human NURR1 target genes remains unexplored. Here, we identified direct gene targets of NURR1 by analyzing genome-wide differential expression of NURR1 together with NURR1 consensus sites in three human neural stem cell (hNSC) lines. Microarray data were validated by quantitative PCR in hNSCs and mouse embryonic brains and through comparison to published human data, including genome-wide association study hits and the BioGPS gene expression atlas. Our analysis identified ~40 NURR1 direct target genes, many of them involved in essential protein modules such as synapse formation, neuronal cell migration during brain development, and cell cycle progression and DNA replication. Specifically, expression of genes related to synapse formation and neuronal cell migration correlated tightly with NURR1 expression, whereas cell cycle progression correlated negatively with it, precisely recapitulating midbrain dopaminergic development. Overall, this systematic examination of NURR1-controlled regulatory networks provides important insights into this protein's biological functions in dopamine-based neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Min Woong Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Roh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Medical Science, Korea University Medical School, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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30
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Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Arenas E. Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Development at the Single Cell Level: In vivo and in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:463. [PMID: 32733875 PMCID: PMC7357704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra. Current treatment options for PD are symptomatic and typically involve the replacement of DA neurotransmission by DA drugs, which relieve the patients of some of their motor symptoms. However, by the time of diagnosis, patients have already lost about 70% of their substantia nigra DA neurons and these drugs offer only temporary relief. Therefore, cell replacement therapy has garnered much interest as a potential treatment option for PD. Early studies using human fetal tissue for transplantation in PD patients provided proof of principle for cell replacement therapy, but they also highlighted the ethical and practical difficulties associated with using human fetal tissue as a cell source. In recent years, advancements in stem cell research have made human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) an attractive source of material for cell replacement therapy. Studies on how DA neurons are specified and differentiated in the developing mouse midbrain have allowed us to recapitulate many of the positional and temporal cues needed to generate DA neurons in vitro. However, little is known about the developmental programs that govern human DA neuron development. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics, it has become possible to analyze precious human samples with unprecedented detail and extract valuable high-quality information from large data sets. This technology has allowed the systematic classification of cell types present in the human developing midbrain along with their gene expression patterns. By studying human development in such an unbiased manner, we can begin to elucidate human DA neuron development and determine how much it differs from our knowledge of the rodent brain. Importantly, this molecular description of the function of human cells has become and will increasingly be a reference to define, evaluate, and engineer cell types for PD cell replacement therapy and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Development and Differentiation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron: From Bench to Bedside. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061489. [PMID: 32570916 PMCID: PMC7349799 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. It is primarily due to substantial loss of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and to decreased innervation to the striatum. Although existing drug therapy available can relieve the symptoms in early-stage PD patients, it cannot reverse the pathogenic progression of PD. Thus, regenerating functional mDA neurons in PD patients may be a cure to the disease. The proof-of-principle clinical trials showed that human fetal graft-derived mDA neurons could restore the release of dopamine neurotransmitters, could reinnervate the striatum, and could alleviate clinical symptoms in PD patients. The invention of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), autologous source of neural progenitors with less ethical consideration, and risk of graft rejection can now be generated in vitro. This advancement also prompts extensive research to decipher important developmental signaling in differentiation, which is key to successful in vitro production of functional mDA neurons and the enabler of mass manufacturing of the cells required for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the biology and signaling involved in the development of mDA neurons and the current progress and methodology in driving efficient mDA neuron differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
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Xia SR, Wen XY, Fan XL, Chen XR, Wei ZW, Li QH, Sun L. Wnt2 overexpression protects against PINK1 mutant‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2633-2641. [PMID: 32323790 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mutation is the second most common cause of autosomal recessive adolescent Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, mitochondrial disorders and oxidative stress are important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD. Numerous members of the Wnt family have been found to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of the Wnt2 gene in PINK1B9 transgenic flies, which is a PD model, and its underlying mechanism. It was identified that overexpression of Wnt2 reduced the abnormality rate of PD transgenic Drosophila and improved their flight ability, while other intervention groups had no significant effect. Furthermore, an increase in ATP concentration normalized mitochondrial morphology, and increased the mRNA expression levels of NADH‑ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1), ND42, ND75, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits B, Cytochrome b and Cyclooxygenase 1, which are associated with Wnt2 overexpression. Moreover, overexpression of Wnt2 in PD transgenic Drosophila resulted in the downregulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production, and increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), while glutathione was not significantly affected. It was found that overexpression of Wnt2 did not alter the protein expression of β‑catenin in PINK1B9 transgenic Drosophila, but did increase the expression levels of PPARG coactivator 1α (PGC‑1α) and forkhead box sub‑group O (FOXO). Collectively, the present results indicated that the Wnt2 gene may have a protective effect on PD PINK1B9 transgenic Drosophila. Thus, it was speculated that the reduction of oxidative stress and the restoration of mitochondrial function via Wnt2 overexpression may be related to the PGC‑1α/FOXO/MnSOD signaling pathway in PINK1 mutant transgenic Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Rui Xia
- Department of Hospital Infection‑Control, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Fan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zai-Wa Wei
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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Adusumilli L, Facchinello N, Teh C, Busolin G, Le MTN, Yang H, Beffagna G, Campanaro S, Tam WL, Argenton F, Lim B, Korzh V, Tiso N. miR-7 Controls the Dopaminergic/Oligodendroglial Fate through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Regulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030711. [PMID: 32183236 PMCID: PMC7140713 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system, the proliferation of neural progenitors and differentiation of neurons and glia are tightly regulated by different transcription factors and signaling cascades, such as the Wnt and Shh pathways. This process takes place in cooperation with several microRNAs, some of which evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates, from teleosts to mammals. We focused our attention on miR-7, as its role in the regulation of cell signaling during neural development is still unclear. Specifically, we used human stem cell cultures and whole zebrafish embryos to study, in vitro and in vivo, the role of miR-7 in the development of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, a cell type primarily affected in Parkinson’s disease. We demonstrated that the zebrafish homologue of miR-7 (miR-7a) is expressed in the forebrain during the development of DA neurons. Moreover, we identified 143 target genes downregulated by miR-7, including the neural fate markers TCF4 and TCF12, as well as the Wnt pathway effector TCF7L2. We then demonstrated that miR-7 negatively regulates the proliferation of DA-progenitors by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in zebrafish embryos. In parallel, miR-7 positively regulates Shh signaling, thus controlling the balance between oligodendroglial and DA neuronal cell fates. In summary, this study identifies a new molecular cross-talk between Wnt and Shh signaling pathways during the development of DA-neurons. Being mediated by a microRNA, this mechanism represents a promising target in cell differentiation therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Adusumilli
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A-STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (L.A.); (H.Y.); (W.L.T.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Cathleen Teh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Busolin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Minh TN Le
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore;
| | - Henry Yang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A-STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (L.A.); (H.Y.); (W.L.T.)
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A-STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (L.A.); (H.Y.); (W.L.T.)
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Bing Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A-STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; (L.A.); (H.Y.); (W.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (V.K.); (N.T.); Tel.: +1-781-484-7643 (B.L.); +48-22-597-07-65 (V.K.); +39-049-827-6302 (N.T.)
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore;
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (V.K.); (N.T.); Tel.: +1-781-484-7643 (B.L.); +48-22-597-07-65 (V.K.); +39-049-827-6302 (N.T.)
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.F.); (G.B.); (G.B.); (S.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (V.K.); (N.T.); Tel.: +1-781-484-7643 (B.L.); +48-22-597-07-65 (V.K.); +39-049-827-6302 (N.T.)
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Akhlaghpour A, Parvaneh Tafreshi A, Roussa E, Bernard C, Zeynali B. TGFβ and Wnt Signaling Pathways Cooperatively Enhance Early Dopaminergic Differentiation of the Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:769-777. [PMID: 32043204 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
So far no evidence is available as to whether TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways cooperatively modulate dopaminergic differentiation of the adult stem cells. To investigate the interaction between the two pathways in early dopaminergic differentiation, we cultured the newly introduced unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) in neuron differentiation media followed by treatments with inducers and inhibitors of Wnt and TGF beta pathways either alone or in combinations. Our results showed that the level of Nurr-1 as a marker for dopaminergic neuron precursors and that of the nuclear β-catenin as the key effector of the active Wnt pathway were significantly elevated following the treatment with either TGFβ or BIO (the Wnt pathway inducer). Conversely, Nurr-1 expression was significantly reduced following the combined treatments with SB431542 (the TGFβ inhibitor) plus BIO or with TGFβ plus Dkk1 (the specific Wnt inhibitor). Nuclear β-catenin was also significantly reduced following combined treatments with SB431542 plus either BIO or TGFβ. Altogether, our results imply that Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways cooperatively ensure the early dopaminergic differentiation of the USSC adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azimeh Akhlaghpour
- Developmental Biology Lab, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Parvaneh Tafreshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965-161, Iran.
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claude Bernard
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bahman Zeynali
- Developmental Biology Lab, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Fan Y, Winanto, Ng SY. Replacing what's lost: a new era of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:2. [PMID: 31911835 PMCID: PMC6945567 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine because they can be expanded infinitely, giving rise to large numbers of differentiated cells required for transplantation. Stem cells can be derived from fetal sources, embryonic origins (embryonic stem cells or ESCs) or reprogrammed from adult cell types (induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs). One unique property of stem cells is their ability to be directed towards specific cell types of clinical interest, and can mature into functional cell types in vivo. While transplantations of fetal or ESC-derived tissues are known to illicit a host immunogenic response, autologous transplantations using cell types derived from one’s own iPSCs eliminate risks of tissue rejection and reduce the need for immunosuppressants. However, even with these benefits, cell therapy comes with significant hurdles that researchers are starting to overcome. In this review, we will discuss the various steps to ensure safety, efficacy and clinical practicality of cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, Parkinson’s disease. Main body Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and is an ideal target for cell replacement therapy. Early trials using fetal midbrain material in the late 1980s have resulted in long term benefit for some patients, but there were multiple shortcomings including the non-standardization and quality control of the transplanted fetal material, and graft-induced dyskinesia that some patients experience as a result. On the other hand, pluripotent stem cells such as ESCs and iPSCs serve as an attractive source of cells because they can be indefinitely cultured and is an unlimited source of cells. Stem cell technologies and our understanding of the developmental potential of ESCs and iPSCs have deepened in recent years and a clinical trial for iPSC-derived dopaminergic cells is currently undergoing for PD patients in Japan. In this focused review, we will first provide a historical aspect of cell therapies in PD, and then discuss the various challenges pertaining to the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based cell transplantations, and how these hurdles were eventually overcome. Conclusion With the maturity of the iPSC technology, cell transplantation appears to be a safe and effective therapy. Grafts in non-human primates survive and remain functional for more than 2 years after transplantation, with no signs of tumorigenesis, indicating safety and efficacy of the treatment. However, immunosuppressants are still required because of the lack of “universal stem cells” that would not evoke an immune response. The results of ongoing and upcoming trials by a global consortium known as GForce-PD would be highly anticipated because the success of these trials would open up possibilities for using cell therapy for the treatment of PD and other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- 1The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Winanto
- 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- 1The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China.,2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore.,3Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Physiology), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore.,4National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
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36
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Arredondo SB, Guerrero FG, Herrera-Soto A, Jensen-Flores J, Bustamante DB, Oñate-Ponce A, Henny P, Varas-Godoy M, Inestrosa NC, Varela-Nallar L. Wnt5a promotes differentiation and development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus by noncanonical Wnt signaling. Stem Cells 2019; 38:422-436. [PMID: 31721364 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the adult hippocampus, new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates this process, but little is known about the endogenous Wnt ligands involved. We investigated the role of Wnt5a on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Wnt5a regulates neuronal morphogenesis during embryonic development, and maintains dendritic architecture of pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus. Here, we determined that Wnt5a knockdown in the mouse dentate gyrus by lentivirus-mediated shRNA impaired neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells, and reduced dendritic development of adult-born neurons. In cultured adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs), Wnt5a knockdown reduced neuronal differentiation and morphological development of AHP-derived neurons, whereas treatment with Wnt5a had the opposite effect. Interestingly, no changes in astrocytic differentiation were observed in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that Wnt5a does not affect fate-commitment. By using specific inhibitors, we determined that Wnt5a signals through CaMKII to induce neurogenesis, and promotes dendritic development of newborn neurons through activating Wnt/JNK and Wnt/CaMKII signaling. Our results indicate Wnt5a as a niche factor in the adult hippocampus that promotes neuronal differentiation and development through activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Arredondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda G Guerrero
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Herrera-Soto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquin Jensen-Flores
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel B Bustamante
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Oñate-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, NeuroUC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Henny
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, NeuroUC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Wang S, Duan M, Guan K, Zhou X, Zheng M, Shi X, Ye M, Guan W, Kuver A, Huang M, Liu Y, Dai K, Li X. Developmental neurotoxicity of reserpine exposure in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:115-123. [PMID: 31128281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine is widely used for treatment of hypertension and schizophrenia. As a specific inhibitor of monoamine transporters, reserpine is known to deplete monoamine neurotransmitters and cause decreased movement symptoms. However, how zebrafish larvae respond to reserpine treatment is not well studied. Here we show that swimming distance and average velocity are significantly reduced after reserpine exposure under various stimulatory conditions. Using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis, decreased levels of monoamines (e.g. dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) were detected in reserpine-treated larvae. Moreover, reserpine treatment significantly reduced the number of dopaminergic neurons, which was identified with th (Tyrosine Hydroxylase) in situ hybridization in the preoptic area. Interestingly, dopaminergic neuron development-associated genes, such as otpa, otpb, wnt1, wnt3, wnt5 and manf, were downregulated in reserpine treated larvae. Our data indicates that 2 mg/L reserpine exposure induces dopaminergic neuron damage in the brain, demonstrating a chemical induced depression-like model in zebrafish larvae for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Wang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ming Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xianyong Zhou
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xulai Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Minjie Ye
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wanchun Guan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Aarti Kuver
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yunbing Liu
- Yangtze Valley Water Environment Monitoring Center, Add: No.13, Yongqing Branch Road, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Kezhi Dai
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Huang C, Ma J, Li BX, Sun Y. Wnt1 silencing enhances neurotoxicity induced by paraquat and maneb in SH-SY5Y cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3643-3649. [PMID: 31602242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless (Wnt) signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) are environmental pollutants that can be used to model Parkinson's disease (PD) in rodents. A previous study demonstrated that developmental exposure to PQ and MB affects the expression of Wnt1, Wnt5a, nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). However, how Wnt signaling regulates these developmental factors in vitro is yet to be determined. To explore this, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to PQ and MB. The results of the current study indicated that exposure to PQ and MB decreased Wnt1, β-catenin, NURR1 and TH levels and increased Wnt5a levels. Furthermore, Wnt1 silencing has the same effect as exposure to PQ and MB. Additionally, the neurotoxicity induced by PQ and MB is more severe in siWnt1-SH-SY5Y cells compared with normal SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, Wnt1 may serve an important role in regulating developmental DA factors, and may be a candidate gene for PD diagnosis or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Xiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Bastías-Candia S, Martínez M, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. Wnt Signaling Upregulates Teneurin-3 Expression via Canonical and Non-canonical Wnt Pathway Crosstalk. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:505. [PMID: 31156379 PMCID: PMC6534050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins (Tens) are a highly conserved family of proteins necessary for cell-cell adhesion. Tens can be cleaved, and some of their proteolytic products, such as the teneurin c-terminal associated-peptide (TCAP) and the intracellular domain (ICD), have been demonstrated to be biologically active. Although Tens are considered critical for central nervous system development, they have also been demonstrated to play important roles in adult tissues, suggesting a potential link between their deregulation and various pathological processes, including neurodegeneration and cancer. However, knowledge regarding how Ten expression is modulated is almost absent. Relevantly, the functions of Tens resemble several of the effects of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway activation, including the effects of the Wnt pathways on neuronal development and function as well as their pivotal roles during carcinogenesis. Accordingly, in this initial study, we decided to evaluate whether Wnt signaling can modulate the expression of Tens. Remarkably, in the present work, we used a specific inhibitor of porcupine, the key enzyme for Wnt ligand secretion, to not only demonstrate the involvement of Wnt signaling in regulating Ten-3 expression for the first time but also reveal that Wnt3a, a canonical Wnt ligand, increases the expression of Ten-3 through a mechanism dependent on the secretion and activity of the non-canonical ligand Wnt5a. Although our work raises several new questions, our findings seem to demonstrate the upregulation of Ten-3 by Wnt signaling and also suggest that Ten-3 modulation is possible because of crosstalk between the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sussy Bastías-Candia
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Excellence of Biomedicine of Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Milka Martínez
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Excellence of Biomedicine of Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Excellence of Biomedicine of Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Georgiadis P, Gavriil M, Rantakokko P, Ladoukakis E, Botsivali M, Kelly RS, Bergdahl IA, Kiviranta H, Vermeulen RCH, Spaeth F, Hebbels DGAJ, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM, Palli D, Vineis P, Kyrtopoulos SA. DNA methylation profiling implicates exposure to PCBs in the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:24-36. [PMID: 30776747 PMCID: PMC7063446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the impact of PCB exposure on DNA methylation in peripheral blood leucocytes and to evaluate the corresponding changes in relation to possible health effects, with a focus on B-cell lymphoma. METHODS We conducted an epigenome-wide association study on 611 adults free of diagnosed disease, living in Italy and Sweden, in whom we also measured plasma concentrations of 6 PCB congeners, DDE and hexachlorobenzene. RESULTS We identified 650 CpG sites whose methylation correlates strongly (FDR < 0.01) with plasma concentrations of at least one PCB congener. Stronger effects were observed in males and in Sweden. This epigenetic exposure profile shows extensive and highly statistically significant overlaps with published profiles associated with the risk of future B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as with clinical CLL (38 and 28 CpG sites, respectively). For all these sites, the methylation changes were in the same direction for increasing exposure and for higher disease risk or clinical disease status, suggesting an etiological link between exposure and CLL. Mediation analysis reinforced the suggestion of a causal link between exposure, changes in DNA methylation and disease. Disease connectivity analysis identified multiple additional diseases associated with differentially methylated genes, including melanoma for which an etiological link with PCB exposure is established, as well as developmental and neurological diseases for which there is corresponding epidemiological evidence. Differentially methylated genes include many homeobox genes, suggesting that PCBs target stem cells. Furthermore, numerous polycomb protein target genes were hypermethylated with increasing exposure, an effect known to constitute an early marker of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides mechanistic evidence in support of a link between exposure to PCBs and the etiology of CLL and underlines the utility of omic profiling in the evaluation of the potential toxicity of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Marios Gavriil
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Environmental Health unit, P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Efthymios Ladoukakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Florentin Spaeth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- The Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece.
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41
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Faye PA, Poumeaud F, Miressi F, Lia AS, Demiot C, Magy L, Favreau F, Sturtz FG. Focus on 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Peripheral Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:348. [PMID: 31031586 PMCID: PMC6474301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we draw attention to the roles of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) in the trophicity of the peripheral nervous system. Calcitriol has long been known to be crucial in phosphocalcium homeostasis. However, recent discoveries concerning its involvement in the immune system, anti-cancer defenses, and central nervous system development suggest a more pleiotropic role than previously thought. Several studies have highlighted the impact of calcitriol deficiency as a promoting factor of various central neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Based on these findings and recent publications, a greater role for calcitriol may be envisioned in the peripheral nervous system. Indeed, calcitriol is involved in myelination, axonal homogeneity of peripheral nerves, and neuronal-cell differentiation. This may have useful clinical consequences, as calcitriol supplementation may be a simple means to avoid the onset and/or development of peripheral nervous-system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antoine Faye
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - François Poumeaud
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Federica Miressi
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anne Sophie Lia
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Demiot
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- CHU de Limoges, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, Department of Neurology, Limoges, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Franck G. Sturtz
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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42
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Kaiser K, Gyllborg D, Procházka J, Salašová A, Kompaníková P, Molina FL, Laguna-Goya R, Radaszkiewicz T, Harnoš J, Procházková M, Potěšil D, Barker RA, Casado ÁG, Zdráhal Z, Sedláček R, Arenas E, Villaescusa JC, Bryja V. WNT5A is transported via lipoprotein particles in the cerebrospinal fluid to regulate hindbrain morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1498. [PMID: 30940800 PMCID: PMC6445127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNTs are lipid-modified proteins that control multiple functions in development and disease via short- and long-range signaling. However, it is unclear how these hydrophobic molecules spread over long distances in the mammalian brain. Here we show that WNT5A is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP) of the developing hindbrain, but not the telencephalon, in both mouse and human. Since the ChP produces and secretes the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we examine the presence of WNT5A in the CSF and find that it is associated with lipoprotein particles rather than exosomes. Moreover, since the CSF flows along the apical surface of hindbrain progenitors not expressing Wnt5a, we examined whether deletion of Wnt5a in the ChP controls their function and find that cerebellar morphogenesis is impaired. Our study thus identifies the CSF as a route and lipoprotein particles as a vehicle for long-range transport of biologically active WNT in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jan Procházka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Salašová
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, C 8000, Denmark
| | - Petra Kompaníková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Lamus Molina
- Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 5, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocio Laguna-Goya
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Procházková
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ángel Gato Casado
- Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 5, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedláček
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, Vestec, 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - J Carlos Villaescusa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
- Psychiatric Stem Cell Group, Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
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43
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Lekven AC, Lilie CJ, Gibbs HC, Green DG, Singh A, Yeh AT. Analysis of the wnt1 regulatory chromosomal landscape. Dev Genes Evol 2019; 229:43-52. [PMID: 30825002 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the earliest patterning events in the vertebrate neural plate is the specification of mes/r1, the territory comprising the prospective mesencephalon and the first hindbrain rhombomere. Within mes/r1, an interface of gene expression defines the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), a lineage restriction that separates the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. wnt1 is critical to mes/r1 development and functions within the MHB as a component of the MHB gene regulatory network (GRN). Despite its importance to these critical and early steps of vertebrate neurogenesis, little is known about the factors responsible for wnt1 transcriptional regulation. In the zebrafish, wnt1 and its neighboring paralog, wnt10b, are expressed in largely overlapping patterns, suggesting co-regulation. To understand wnt1 and wnt10b transcriptional control, we used a comparative genomics approach to identify relevant enhancers. We show that the wnt1-wnt10b locus contains multiple cis-regulatory elements that likely interact to generate the wnt1 and wnt10b expression patterns. Two of 11 conserved enhancers tested show activity restricted to the midbrain and MHB, an activity that is conserved in the distantly related spotted gar orthologous elements. Three non-conserved elements also play a likely role in wnt1 regulation. The identified enhancers display dynamic modes of chromatin accessibility, suggesting controlled deployment during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that the control of wnt1 and wnt10b expression is under complex regulation involving the interaction of multiple enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne C Lekven
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA. .,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA.
| | - Craig J Lilie
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - David G Green
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Avantika Singh
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
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44
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Brodski C, Blaess S, Partanen J, Prakash N. Crosstalk of Intercellular Signaling Pathways in the Generation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo and from Stem Cells. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7010003. [PMID: 30650592 PMCID: PMC6473842 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-synthesizing neurons located in the mammalian ventral midbrain are at the center stage of biomedical research due to their involvement in severe human neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, most prominently Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The induction of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons depends on two important signaling centers of the mammalian embryo: the ventral midline or floor plate (FP) of the neural tube, and the isthmic organizer (IsO) at the mid-/hindbrain boundary (MHB). Cells located within and close to the FP secrete sonic hedgehog (SHH), and members of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT1/5A), as well as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. The IsO cells secrete WNT1 and the fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8). Accordingly, the FGF8, SHH, WNT, and BMP signaling pathways play crucial roles during the development of the mDA neurons in the mammalian embryo. Moreover, these morphogens are essential for the generation of stem cell-derived mDA neurons, which are critical for the modeling, drug screening, and cell replacement therapy of PD. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the functions and crosstalk of these signaling pathways in mammalian mDA neuron development in vivo and their applications in stem cell-based paradigms for the efficient derivation of these neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Brodski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Juha Partanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59063 Hamm, Germany.
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45
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Di Nardo AA, Fuchs J, Joshi RL, Moya KL, Prochiantz A. The Physiology of Homeoprotein Transduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1943-1982. [PMID: 30067157 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeoprotein family comprises ~300 transcription factors and was long seen as primarily involved in developmental programs through cell autonomous regulation. However, recent evidence reveals that many of these factors are also expressed in the adult where they exert physiological functions not yet fully deciphered. Furthermore, the DNA-binding domain of most homeoproteins contains two signal sequences allowing their secretion and internalization, thus intercellular transfer. This review focuses on this new-found signaling in cell migration, axon guidance, and cerebral cortex physiological homeostasis and speculates on how it may play important roles in early arealization of the neuroepithelium. It also describes the use of homeoproteins as therapeutic proteins in mouse models of diseases affecting the central nervous system, in particular Parkinson disease and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Rajiv L Joshi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Kenneth L Moya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
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46
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Singh S, Mishra A, Mohanbhai SJ, Tiwari V, Chaturvedi RK, Khurana S, Shukla S. Axin-2 knockdown promote mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:73-87. [PMID: 30176346 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnts and the components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are widely expressed in midbrain and required to control the fate specification of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, a neuronal population that specifically degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis of PD. Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects mitochondrial biogenesis and death/birth of new DAergic neurons is not fully explored. We investigated the functional role of Axin-2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mitochondrial biogenesis and DAergic neurogenesis in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We demonstrate that single unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) potentially dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We used shRNA lentiviruses to genetically knockdown Axin-2 to up-regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Genetic knockdown of Axin-2 up-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by destabilizing the β-catenin degradation complex in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling improved behavioural functions and protected the nigral DAergic neurons by increasing mitochondrial functionality in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA treatment reduced apoptotic signaling, autophagy and ROS generation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Interestingly, Axin-2 shRNA-mediated up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced net DAergic neurogenesis by regulating proneural genes (Nurr-1, Pitx-3, Ngn-2, and NeuroD1) and mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Therefore, our data suggest that pharmacological/genetic manipulation of Wnt signaling that enhances the endogenous regenerative capacity of DAergic neurons may have implication for regenerative approaches in PD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/drug effects
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/metabolism
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/pathology
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/pathology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidopamine/administration & dosage
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Pars Compacta/drug effects
- Pars Compacta/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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47
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Nierode GJ, Gopal S, Kwon P, Clark DS, Schaffer DV, Dordick JS. High-throughput identification of factors promoting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in microscale 3D cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:168-180. [PMID: 30229860 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of conditions for guided and specific differentiation of human stem cell and progenitor cells is important for continued development and engineering of in vitro cell culture systems for use in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and human toxicology. Three-dimensional (3D) and organotypic cell culture models have been used increasingly for in vitro cell culture because they may better model endogenous tissue environments. However, detailed studies of stem cell differentiation within 3D cultures remain limited, particularly with respect to high-throughput screening. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a microarray chip-based platform to screen, in high-throughput, individual and paired effects of 12 soluble factors on the neuronal differentiation of a human neural progenitor cell line (ReNcell VM) encapsulated in microscale 3D Matrigel cultures. Dose-response analysis of selected combinations from the initial combinatorial screen revealed that the combined treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) with the glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor CHIR-99021 (CHIR) enhances neurogenesis while simultaneously decreases astrocyte differentiation, whereas the combined treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the small azide neuropathiazol enhances the differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. Subtype specification analysis of RA- and CHIR-differentiated cultures revealed that enhanced neurogenesis was not biased toward a specific neuronal subtype. Together, these results demonstrate a high-throughput screening platform for rapid evaluation of differentiation conditions in a 3D environment, which will aid the development and application of 3D stem cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Nierode
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Sneha Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Paul Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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48
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The Matricellular Protein R-Spondin 2 Promotes Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurogenesis and Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:651-664. [PMID: 30146491 PMCID: PMC6135723 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons is controlled by multiple morphogens and transcription factors. However, little is known about the role of extracellular matrix proteins in this process. Here we examined the function of roof plate-specific spondins (RSPO1-4) and the floor plate-specific, spondin 1 (SPON1). Only RSPO2 and SPON1 were expressed at high levels during mDA neurogenesis, and the receptor LGR5 was expressed by midbrain floor plate progenitors. Surprisingly, RSPO2, but not SPON1, specifically promoted the differentiation of mDA neuroblasts into mDA neurons in mouse primary cultures and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In addition, RSPO2 was found to promote not only mDA differentiation, but also mDA neurogenesis in human ESCs. Our results thus uncover an unexpected function of the matricellular protein RSPO2 and suggest an application to improve mDA neurogenesis and differentiation in human stem cell preparations destined to cell replacement therapy or drug discovery for Parkinson disease. Rspo2 is dynamically expressed during midbrain dopaminergic neuron development RSPO2 promotes the dopaminergic differentiation of mouse neurons in culture RSPO2 increases dopaminergic neurogenesis and differentiation of human ESCs
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49
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Ebrahimi KB, Cano M, Rhee J, Datta S, Wang L, Handa JT. Oxidative Stress Induces an Interactive Decline in Wnt and Nrf2 Signaling in Degenerating Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:389-407. [PMID: 29186981 PMCID: PMC6025703 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cells have evolved a highly sophisticated web of cytoprotective systems to neutralize unwanted oxidative stress, but are challenged by unique modern day stresses such as cigarette smoking and ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD). Age-related disease, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in Western societies, develops in part, when oxidative stress overwhelms cytoprotective systems to injure tissue. Since most studies focus on the protection by a single protective system, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of more than one cytoprotective system against oxidative stress. RESULTS Wingless (Wnt) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), two fundamental signaling systems that are vital to cell survival, decline after mice are exposed to chronic cigarette smoke and HFD, two established AMD risk factors, in a bidirectional feedback loop through phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Decreased Wnt and Nrf2 signaling leads to retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and apoptosis, and a phenotype that is strikingly similar to geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of AMD with no effective treatment. INNOVATION This study is the first to show that chronic oxidative stress from common modern day environmental exposures reduces two fundamental and vital cytoprotective networks in a bidirectional feedback loop, and their decline leads to advanced disease phenotype. CONCLUSION Our data offer new insights into how combined modern oxidative stresses of cigarette smoking and HFD contribute to GA through an interactive decline in Wnt and Nrf2 signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 389-407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon B Ebrahimi
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Rhee
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Yang S, Toledo EM, Rosmaninho P, Peng C, Uhlén P, Castro DS, Arenas E. A Zeb2-miR-200c loop controls midbrain dopaminergic neuron neurogenesis and migration. Commun Biol 2018; 1:75. [PMID: 30271956 PMCID: PMC6123725 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb2 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis, but its role for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development is unknown. Here we report that Zeb2 is highly expressed in progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of the midbrain floor plate and downregulated in postmitotic neuroblasts. Functional experiments show that Zeb2 expression in the embryonic ventral midbrain is dynamically regulated by a negative feedback loop that involves miR-200c. We also find that Zeb2 overexpression reduces the levels of CXCR4, NR4A2, and PITX3 in the developing ventral midbrain in vivo, resulting in migration and mDA differentiation defects. This phenotype was recapitulated by miR-200c knockdown, suggesting that the Zeb2-miR-200c loop prevents the premature differentiation of mDA progenitors into postmitotic cells and their migration. Together, our study establishes Zeb2 and miR-200c as critical regulators that maintain the balance between mDA progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Changgeng Peng
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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