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Ma J, Wehrle J, Frank D, Lorenzen L, Popp C, Driever W, Grosse R, Jessen HJ. Intracellular delivery and deep tissue penetration of nucleoside triphosphates using photocleavable covalently bound dendritic polycations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6478-6487. [PMID: 38699261 PMCID: PMC11062083 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are essential in various biological processes. Cellular or even organismal controlled delivery of NTPs would be highly desirable, yet in cellulo and in vivo applications are hampered owing to their negative charge leading to cell impermeability. NTP transporters or NTP prodrugs have been developed, but a spatial and temporal control of the release of the investigated molecules remains challenging with these strategies. Herein, we describe a general approach to enable intracellular delivery of NTPs using covalently bound dendritic polycations, which are derived from PAMAM dendrons and their guanidinium derivatives. By design, these modifications are fully removable through attachment on a photocage, ready to deliver the native NTP upon irradiation enabling spatiotemporal control over nucleotide release. We study the intracellular distribution of the compounds depending on the linker and dendron generation as well as side chain modifications. Importantly, as the polycation is bound covalently, these molecules can also penetrate deeply into the tissue of living organisms, such as zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Johanna Wehrle
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg Hauptstr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dennis Frank
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Lina Lorenzen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christoph Popp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg Hauptstr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Altbürger C, Rath M, Wehrle J, Driever W. The proneural factors Ascl1a and Ascl1b contribute to the terminal differentiation of dopaminergic GABAergic dual transmitter neurons in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2024; 505:58-74. [PMID: 37931393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The proneural factor Ascl1 is involved in several steps of neurogenesis, from neural progenitor maintenance to initiation of terminal differentiation and neuronal subtype specification. In neural progenitor cells, Ascl1 initiates the cell-cycle exit of progenitors, and contributes to their differentiation into mainly GABAergic neurons. Several catecholaminergic neuron groups in the forebrain of zebrafish use GABA as co-transmitter, but a potential role of the two paralogues Ascl1a and Ascl1b in their neurogenesis is not understood. Here, we show that ascl1a, ascl1b double mutant embryos develop a significantly reduced number of neurons in all GABAergic and catecholaminergic dual transmitter neuron anatomical clusters in the fore- and hindbrain, while glutamatergic catecholaminergic clusters develop normally. However, none of the affected catecholaminergic cell clusters are lost completely, suggesting an impairment in progenitor pools, or a requirement of Ascl1a/b for differentiation of a subset of neurons in each cluster. Early progenitors which are dlx2a+, fezf2 + or emx2 + are not reduced whereas late progenitors and differentiating neurons marked by the expression of dlx5a, isl1 and arxa are severely reduced in ascl1a, ascl1b double mutant embryos. This suggests that Ascl1a and Ascl1b play only a minor or no role in the maintenance of their progenitor pools, but rather contribute to the initiation of terminal differentiation of GABAergic catecholaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Altbürger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meta Rath
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Wehrle
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; MeInBio Research Training Group, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Eisenhardt AE, Schmid A, Esser J, Brugger Z, Lausch U, Kiefer J, Braig M, Runkel A, Wehrle J, Claus R, Bronsert P, Leithner A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Zeller J, Papini R, von Laffert M, Pfitzner BM, Koulaxouzidis G, Giunta RE, Eisenhardt SU, Braig D. Targeted next-generation sequencing of circulating free DNA enables non-invasive tumor detection in myxoid liposarcomas. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:50. [PMID: 35164780 PMCID: PMC8842903 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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4
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Westphal M, Panza P, Kastenhuber E, Wehrle J, Driever W. Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes neurogenesis in the diencephalospinal dopaminergic system of embryonic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1030. [PMID: 35046434 PMCID: PMC8770493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to patterning, proliferation, and differentiation throughout vertebrate neural development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important for mammalian midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, while little is known about its role in ventral forebrain dopaminergic development. Here, we focus on the A11-like, Otp-dependent diencephalospinal dopaminergic system in zebrafish. We show that Wnt ligands, receptors and extracellular antagonist genes are expressed in the vicinity of developing Otp-dependent dopaminergic neurons. Using transgenic Wnt/β-catenin-reporters, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity is absent from these dopaminergic neurons, but detected Wnt/β-catenin activity in cells adjacent to the caudal DC5/6 clusters of Otp-dependent dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacological manipulations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, as well as heat-shock driven overexpression of Wnt agonists and antagonists, interfere with the development of DC5/6 dopaminergic neurons, such that Wnt/β-catenin activity positively correlates with their number. Wnt/β-catenin activity promoted dopaminergic development specifically at stages when DC5/6 dopaminergic progenitors are in a proliferative state. Our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts in a spatially and temporally restricted manner on proliferative dopaminergic progenitors in the hypothalamus to positively regulate the size of the dopaminergic neuron groups DC5 and DC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Westphal
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Panza
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Edda Kastenhuber
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Wehrle
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology 1, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS and BIOSS-Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Mutter JA, Alig S, Lauer EM, Esfahani MS, Mitschke J, Kurtz DM, Olsen M, Liu CL, Jin MC, Bleul S, Macaulay CW, Neidert NN, Heiland DH, Finke J, Duyster J, Wehrle J, Prinz M, Illerhaus G, Reinacher PC, Schorb E, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Scherer F. MATRIX INDUCTION FOLLOWED BY AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANT OR WHOLE‐BRAIN IRRADIATION IN PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA. 7‐YEAR RESULTS OF THE IELSG32 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.47_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Mutter
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - S. Alig
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - E. M. Lauer
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. S. Esfahani
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - J. Mitschke
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - D. M. Kurtz
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - M. Olsen
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - C. L. Liu
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - M. C. Jin
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - S. Bleul
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - C. W. Macaulay
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - N. N. Neidert
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - D. H. Heiland
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Finke
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Duyster
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Wehrle
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Prinz
- University Medical Center Freiburg Institute of Neuropathology Freiburg Germany
| | - G. Illerhaus
- Klinikum Stuttgart Department of Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care Stuttgart Germany
| | - P. C. Reinacher
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - E. Schorb
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Diehn
- Stanford University Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - A. A. Alizadeh
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - F. Scherer
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
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Mutter JA, Alig S, Lauer EM, Esfahani MS, Mitschke J, Kurtz DM, Olsen M, Liu CL, Jin MC, Bleul S, Macaulay CW, Neidert NN, Heiland DH, Finke J, Duyster J, Wehrle J, Prinz M, Illerhaus G, Reinacher PC, Schorb E, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Scherer F. NONINVASIVE DETECTION, CLASSIFICATION, AND RISK STRATIFICATION OF PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMAS BY CTDNA PROFILING. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.46_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Mutter
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - S. Alig
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - E. M. Lauer
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. S. Esfahani
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - J. Mitschke
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - D. M. Kurtz
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - M. Olsen
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - C. L. Liu
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - M. C. Jin
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - S. Bleul
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - C. W. Macaulay
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - N. N. Neidert
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - D. H. Heiland
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Finke
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Duyster
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Wehrle
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Prinz
- University Medical Center Freiburg Institute of Neuropathology Freiburg Germany
| | - G. Illerhaus
- Klinikum Stuttgart Department of Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care Stuttgart Germany
| | - P. C. Reinacher
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Freiburg Germany
| | - E. Schorb
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Diehn
- Stanford University Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - A. A. Alizadeh
- Stanford University Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - F. Scherer
- University Medical Center Freiburg Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Freiburg Germany
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Bogdanou D, Penna-Martinez M, Filmann N, Chung TL, Moran-Auth Y, Wehrle J, Cappel C, Huenecke S, Herrmann E, Koehl U, Badenhoop K. T-lymphocyte and glycemic status after vitamin D treatment in type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial with sequential crossover. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 27764529 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is mediated by autoaggressive T effector cells with an underlying regulatory T-cell (Treg) defect. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in T1D, which can aggravate immune dysfunction. High-dose vitamin D treatment may enhance Tregs and improve metabolism in T1D patients. METHODS In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with crossover design, patients received either for 3 months cholecalciferol 4000 IU/d followed by 3 months placebo or the sequential alternative. Thirty-nine T1D patients (19 women and 20 men) completed the trial. RESULTS Primary outcome was a change of Tregs, secondary HbA1C, and insulin demand. Effects were evaluated based on intra-individual changes between treatment and placebo periods for outcome measures. Exploratory analyses included vitamin D system variant genotyping and C-peptide measurements. Median 25(OH)D3 increased to 38.8 ng/ml with males showing a significantly stronger increase (p = .003). T-lymphocyte profiles did not change significantly (p > 2); however, the intra-individual change of Tregs between males and females was different with a significantly stronger increase in men (p = .017), as well as between genotypes of the vitamin D receptor (Apa, Taq, and Bsm: genotypes aa, TT, and bb; p = .004-0.015). Insulin demands declined significantly (p = .003-.039) and HbA1C improved (p < .001). Random C-peptide levels were low but rising (median, 0.125 ng/ml; range, 0.02-0.3) in 6 patients. No toxicity was observed. CONCLUSION A daily vitamin D dose of 4000 IU for 3 months was well tolerated and enhanced Tregs in males. Glucometabolic control improved in all. Subsequent larger trials need to address ß-cell function and genotyping for individualized vitamin D doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bogdanou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical Department 1, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Penna-Martinez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical Department 1, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T L Chung
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Moran-Auth
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical Department 1, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Wehrle
- Pharmacy of the Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Cappel
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Huenecke
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hanover Medical School, Germany
| | - K Badenhoop
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical Department 1, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pastor V, Hirabayashi S, Karow A, Wehrle J, Kozyra EJ, Nienhold R, Ruzaike G, Lebrecht D, Yoshimi A, Niewisch M, Ripperger T, Göhring G, Baumann I, Schwarz S, Strahm B, Flotho C, Skoda RC, Niemeyer CM, Wlodarski MW. Mutational landscape in children with myelodysplastic syndromes is distinct from adults: specific somatic drivers and novel germline variants. Leukemia 2016; 31:759-762. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhu JJ, Wienhold BJ, Wehrle J, Davis D, Chen H, Taylor D, Friesen K, Zurek L. Efficacy and longevity of newly developed catnip oil microcapsules against stable fly oviposition and larval growth. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28:222-227. [PMID: 24111783 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of cattle and costs U.S. cattle producers billions of dollars in losses annually. In this study, the efficacy of catnip oil encapsulated in gelatin in oviposition deterrence and larval growth inhibition in stable flies was examined under laboratory conditions. More than 98% inhibition of stable fly larval growth and female oviposition was observed in larval and oviposition media treated with encapsulated catnip oil (0.5 g). Further, dose-response tests showed that as little as 0.1 g of encapsulated catnip oil provided > 85% oviposition deterrence. The release of nepetalactones from the capsules was more rapid when the capsules were placed on a moist substrate rather than a dry substrate. Encapsulated catnip oil also exhibited antibacterial activity, supporting the hypothesis that its inhibition of larval growth may be based on its killing of the bacteria on which larvae feed. The use of encapsulated catnip oil can provide an alternative control strategy for stable fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zhu
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, U.S.A
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Bogdanou D, Penna-Martinez M, Chung TL, Moran-Auth Y, Wehrle J, Brehm C, Huenecke S, Herrmann E, Koehl U, Badenhoop K. Glycaemic and T-lymphocyte markers after Vitamin D3(VD) treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Strobel F, Reusch J, Penna-Martinez M, Ramos-Lopez E, Klahold E, Klepzig C, Wehrle J, Kahles H, Badenhoop K. Effect of a randomised controlled vitamin D trial on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:54-8. [PMID: 24198221 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of a 6-month vitamin D supplementation in patients with noninsulin-requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included 86 patients in a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study. During 6 months patients received Vigantol oil once a week corresponding to a daily dose of 1904 IU or placebo oil, followed by 6 months of follow-up. At start and at 3-month intervals 25OHD, PTH, body mass index, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, and homeostasis model assessment-index were measured. The primary outcome was a change in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. After 6 months of therapy, the verum group's 25OHD had increased to a median of 35 ng/ml in comparison to the placebo group (median 20 ng/ml, p<10-6). PTH tended to decrease in the verum group (25.5 pg/ml vs. 35.0 pg/ml, p=0.08). After 6 months of therapy, 31 patients (78%) achieved a 25OHD concentration of >20 ng/ml. Their HbA1c was significantly lower at baseline (p=0.008) and after therapy (p=0.009) than in patients with 25OHD below 20 ng/ml. C-Peptide, insulin, and HOMA-index did not change significantly in the verum group but fasting insulin was positively correlated with 25OHD concentrations after 6 months of therapy in both groups. There were no significant effects of vitamin D with a daily dose of 1904 IU on metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes. However, the correlative findings of this study suggest a link of the 25OHD status and metabolic function in type 2 diabetes. Whether vitamin D therapy with higher doses can improve glucose metabolism needs to be investigated in follow-up trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strobel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Penna-Martinez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E Ramos-Lopez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E Klahold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Klepzig
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic Offenbach and Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Wehrle
- Pharmacy of the Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Kahles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Badenhoop
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Buxmann H, Fischer D, Linde R, Wehrle J, Doerr HW, Schlößer RL. Valganciclovir-Sirup zur oralen Therapie symptomatischer konnataler und postnataler Cytomegalovirus-Infektionen – Zwei Fallberichte. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Witschi A, Widmer AF, Schnider BF, Wehrle J, Zerkowski HR, Bernet F. Safety of heart-lung machines during prolonged standby. Infection 2003; 31:350-2. [PMID: 14556062 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-003-4001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2003] [Accepted: 06/06/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass surgery is increasingly performed without an extra-corporeal circuit. A heart-lung machine (HLM) is kept on standby for safety reasons, but rarely used. The tubes of the machines are currently discarded after every operation. Costs and waste would be avoided if HLMs could stay on standby for longer periods of time. We therefore investigated the sterility of intra-tube fluid over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four machines were tested. The tube system was fixed and filled with priming solution. Samples of intra-tube fluid and fluid from the fluid bags were taken after 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. Microbiological cultures were performed by direct inoculation and membrane filtration and incubated up to 14 days. Endotoxin levels were also determined. RESULTS Bacteria were grown from two samples only and were considered as contaminants. Endotoxin concentrations never exceeded acceptable levels. CONCLUSION To keep HLMs on standby for 72 h is probably safe. The prolonged use of HLMs will contribute to cost and waste reduction in open heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Witschi
- Beaumontweg 38, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland.
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Baykut D, Weichelt K, Wehrle J, Zerkowski HR, Bernet F. The value of heparin concentration monitoring in off-pump coronary bypass surgery. Eur J Med Res 2003; 8:161-4. [PMID: 12765862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In recent years, a remarcable increase in off-pump coronary bypass surgery (OPCAB) was observed. The identical anticoagulation treatment in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and OPCAB makes the hemodynamic management in OPCAB procedures essential, since a perioperative compensation of blood loss is difficult and the hemodynamic stability has to be maintained by infusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the circulating heparin concentration measurement in OPCAB patients by using the heparin/protamine titration method with Hepcon/HMSplus (HMS). PATIENTS AND METHOD In 8 patients (3F/5M) undergoing elective OPCAB, the calculated heparin dose was administered and heparin concentration was registered together with activated clotting time (ACT) 5 min after administration. Measurements were carried out in 45 min periods and additional heparin was administered if the measured heparin concentration was lower than the calculated. The protamin dose was also automatically calculated by HMS. RESULTS The mean operation time was 155 +/- 36 min (80-210) with 2.3 bypass grafts per patient. There was a significant difference between the demand for heparin as determined by HMS and the conventionally calculated value (p<0.05). Similarly, the calculated and measured concentration of heparin diverged significantly from each other (p<0.05), independent of ACT. In spite of an initially higher administration of heparin as calculated by HMS, the concentration of circulating heparin was below the estimated value in 7 patients which made a further administration of heparin necessary. The 24 h postoperative blood loss was 550 +/- 176 mL (300-850). No rethoracotomy for bleeding was necessary. CONCLUSIONS HMS could be a useful method for appropriate anticoagulative treatment in OPCAB procedures, if there is a sufficient hemodynamic management with restrictive administration of infusions guaranted during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baykut
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University of Clinics Basel, Switzerland.
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Baykut D, Bernet F, Wehrle J, Weichelt K, Schwartz P, Zerkowski HR. New surface biopolymers for oxygenators: an in vitro hemocompatibility test of poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate). Eur J Med Res 2001; 6:297-305. [PMID: 11485890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The continuous interaction of blood with artificial contact surfaces under cardiopulmonary bypass can lead to a substantial damage of blood cells and plasma factors. Surface biopolymers in oxygenation systems can help increasing the hemocompatibility, often combined with anticoagulative agents such as heparin. The poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) [PMEA] is a new heparin-free polymer. The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the hemocompatibility of a PMEA-coated oxygenator (Terumo Capiox RX-25) (PTX) under standardized in vitro conditions compared to two ionic-bound and one covalent-bound heparin-coated models. METHOD Each oxygenator was mounted in a separate standardized closed circulation system. Heparinized (5 IE/mL) fresh human blood from the same donor (hemodilution: Ringer's solution) was used. Circulation time: 120 - 180 min with a flow rate of 4.0 L/min. Blood samplings: at the beginning, 5. min and every 30 min of the circulation. PARAMETERS platelets, granulocytes, plasma factors (p-selectin, alpha-granulomeres expression, and TAT(III)-complex). After the experiment, oxygenators were dismantled and examined by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All of the oxygenators led to an initial reduction of platelets and granulocytes. PTX had the lowest platelet and granulocyte reduction rates. With a lower p-selectin release compared to covalent-bound heparin-coated oxygenator and higher expression of alpha-granulomeres compared to ionic-bound heparin-coated oxygenators, the results of PTX indicated that a high number of circulating platelets were intact on the PMEA surface. TAT(III)-complex showed a steady increase in all of the oxygenators during the tests, more remarkably in PTX. In contrast to ionic-bound heparin-coated oxygenators, the electron microscopy displayed virtually no cellular accumulation on hollow fiber and housing surfaces of PTX and covalent-bound heparin-coated oxygenator. CONCLUSIONS 1. The hemocompatibility characteristics of PTX were remarkably better than ionic-bound heparin-coated oxygenators and slightly better than the covalent-bound heparin-coated model under in vitro conditions. 2. The PMEA coating can be a useful alternative for patients with heparin-associated disorders. 3. The clinical feasibility of PTX should be evaluated under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baykut
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Clinics Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Tumiatti V, Wehrle J, Hildebrandt C, Moser U, Dannhardt G, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G. Muscarinic properties of compounds related to arecaidine propargyl ester. Arzneimittelforschung 2000; 50:11-5. [PMID: 10683710 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new analogues of the arecaidine propargyl ester (CAS 35516-99-5), APE, 1a) with alcohols consisting of 4 or 5 carbon atoms were investigated at muscarinic receptor subtypes. The muscarinic activity of the quaternary and tertiary salts of the APE-related compounds were assayed on the isolated guinea-pig ileum (M3 receptor subtype) and guinea-pig left atria (M2 receptor subtype) as well as on rabbit isolated vas deferens (M1 receptor subtype). The structural variations made in the APE molecule, replacing the triple bond in the ester side chain with structures such as double bond, an allene moiety, a single bond, a cyclopropyl group or two triple bonds should alter the selectivity and potency in favour of the M2 subtype. Enhanced, though modest, selectivity for M2 receptors was achieved with the 2-butynyl ester 2a. The other structural variations resulted in a loss of potency, but not necessarily of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tumiatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Waelbroeck M, Hou X, Wehrle J, Mutschler E, Van Tilburg E, Menge W, Timmerman H, Lambrecht G. Stereoselective interaction of uncharged esters at four muscarinic receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 303:221-6. [PMID: 8813573 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the binding and pharmacological properties of the esters of 3,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol (the carbon analogue of choline) with either diphenylglycolic acid, (R)-phenylcyclohexylglycolic acid, or (S)-phenylcyclohexylglycolic acid [BS-6181, (R)-BS-7826 and (S)-BS-7826, respectively] at muscarinic M1, M2, M3 (Hm3) and M4 receptors. The three uncharged compounds were muscarinic receptor antagonists, with pA2 or pKi values between 7.9 and 5.6. The achiral ester BS-6181 displayed highest affinity for M1, M3 (Hm3) and M4 receptors (pA2 or pKi = 7.2-7.6) and lower affinity for M2 receptors (pA2 or pKi = 6.7 and 6.8). The four muscarinic receptor subtypes were able to distinguish between the two enantiomers of the cyclohexyl derivative of BS-6181 [(R)- and (S)-BS-7826], with a preference for the (R)-isomer (up to 79-fold). Interestingly, the (S)-enantiomer of BS-7826, being the distomer, was found to be M4 selective (pKi/M4 = 6.9; pA2 or pKi/M1-M3 (Hm3) = 5.6-6.2). These results indicate that uncharged compounds may (stereo)selectively bind to muscarinic receptors via hydrophobic interactions. Thus, an ionic bond between muscarinic ligands and an anionic site of the receptor is not absolutely necessary for recognition of muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waelbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Hou X, Wehrle J, Menge W, Ciccarelli E, Wess J, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G, Timmerman H, Waelbroeck M. Influence of monovalent cations on the binding of a charged and an uncharged ('carbo'-)muscarinic antagonist to muscarinic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117:955-61. [PMID: 8851517 PMCID: PMC1909415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of the buffer concentration on binding of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine to muscarinic receptors M2 was tested in rat heart. Tracer binding was of low affinity in a 20 mM imidazole buffer (pKD 8.3), inhibited by an increase from 10 to 100 mM of the sodium phosphate buffer concentration (pKD 9.92 to 9.22), slightly inhibited by an increase of the Tris/HC1 buffer concentration from 20 to 100 mM (pKD 9.70 to 9.47) and unaffected by an increase of the histidine/HC1 buffer concentration from 20 to 100 mM (pKD 9.90 to 9.82). We chose the last buffer to analyse the effect of ions on antagonists binding to cardiac M2 receptors and to transiently expressed wild-type and (Y533-->F) mutant m3 muscarinic receptors in COS-7 cells. 2. Equilibrium [3H]-N-methylscopolamine binding to cardiac M2 receptors was inhibited, apparently competitively, by monovalent salts (LiCl > or = NaCl > or = KCl). In contrast, binding of the uncharged 3,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol ester of diphenylglycolic acid (BS-6181) was facilitated by addition of monovalent salts (LiCl > or = NaCl > or = KCl) to the binding buffer. This cation binding pattern is consistent with interaction with a large, negative field strength binding site, such as, for instance, a carboxylic acid. 3. In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, [3H]-N-methylscopolamine had a similar affinity for the wild-type m3 receptor (pKD 9.85) and for a (Y533-->F) mutant m3 receptor (pKD 9.68). However, in the absence of added salts, the tracer had a significantly lower affinity for the mutated (pKD 10.19) as compared to the wild-type (pKD 10.70) m3 receptor. BS-6181 had a significantly lower affinity for the (Y533-->F) mutant m3 muscarinic receptor, as compared to the wild-type m3 receptor, both in the absence (pKD 6.19-6.72) in the presence (pKD 6.48-7.40) of 100 mM NaCl. The effects of NaCl on binding of the uncharged ester and of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine to the m3 receptor were decreased by the mutation. 4. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that monovalent cations from the buffer may interact with the cation binding site of the receptors (an aspartate residue in the third transmembrane helix of muscarinic receptors). Buffer cations may inhibit competitively the binding of (charged) muscarinic ligands having a tertiary amine or ammonium group, while facilitating the receptor recognition by uncharged, isosteric 'carbo-analogues'. Mutation of the (Y533-->F) of the m3 receptor decreased the affinity of the receptor for positive charges, including the sodium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Moser U, Wehrle J, Hacksell U, Nilsson B, Tumiatti V, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E. Pharmacology of selective muscarinic ligands related to McN-A-343. Life Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(95)93725-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kinsella JL, Wehrle J, Wilkins N, Sacktor B. Inhibition of Na+-H+ exchange by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:7092-7. [PMID: 3034881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inactivation of rat renal brush border membrane Na+-H+ exchange by the covalent carboxylate reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was studied by measuring 1 mM Na+ influx in the presence of a pH gradient (pHi = 5.5; pHo = 7.5) and H+ influx in the presence of a Na+ or Li+ gradient ([Na+]i = 150 mM; [Na+]o = 1.5 mM). In the presence of DCCD, the rate of Na+ uptake decreased exponentially with time and transport inhibition was irreversible. At all DCCD concentrations the loss of activity was described by a single exponential, consistent with one critical DCCD-reactive residue within the Na+-H+ exchanger. Among several carbodiimides the most hydrophobic carbodiimide, DCCD, was also the most effective inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange. With 40 nmol of DCCD/mg of protein, at 20 degrees C for 30 min, 75% of the amiloride-sensitive 1 mM Na+ uptake was inhibited. Neither the equilibrium Na+ content nor the amiloride-insensitive Na+ uptake was significantly altered by the treatment. The Na+-dependent H+ flux, measured by the change in acridine orange absorbance, was also decreased 80% by the same DCCD treatment. If 150 mM NaCl, 150 mM LiCl, or 1 mM amiloride was present during incubation of the brush border membranes with 40 nmol of DCCD/mg of protein, then Li+-dependent H+ flux was protected 50, 100, or 100%, respectively, compared to membranes treated with DCCD in the absence of Na+-H+ exchanger substrates. The combination of DCCD and an exogenous nucleophile, e.g. ethylenediamine and glycine methyl ester, increased Na+-dependent H+ flux in the presence of 80 nmol of DCCD/mg of protein, compared to the transport after DCCD treatment alone. These findings suggest that the Na+-H+ exchanger contains a single carboxylate residue in a hydrophobic region of the protein, and the carboxylate and/or a nearby endogenous nucleophilic group is critical for exchange activity.
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Kinsella JL, Wehrle J, Wilkins N, Sacktor B. Inhibition of Na+-H+ exchange by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Teissie J, Knox BE, Tsong TY, Wehrle J. Synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in respiration-inhibited submitochondrial particles induced by microsecond electric pulses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:7473-7. [PMID: 6950390 PMCID: PMC349290 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP was induced in nonrespiring submitochondrial particles (SMP) from rat liver by the application of electric pulses with field strengths of 10-35 kV/cm and a decay time of 60 mus. In all cases respiration was inhibited completely by using cyanide or rotenone. Newly formed ATP was measured by two independent methods, (i) the luciferase/luciferin bioluminescence assay and (ii) synthesis of [(32)P]ATP from ADP and (32)P(i). Both methods gave consistent and essentially identical results. Above 10 kV/cm the amount of ATP synthesized increased with increasing field strength, and at 30 kV/cm, approximately 40 pmol of ATP was synthesized per mg of SMP protein per pulse. ATP synthesis was shown to be related to the field-induced transmembrane potential, not to Joule heating of the suspension. Synthesis was abolished by the uncouplers carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The ionophores valinomycin and A23187 reduced the level of synthesis by 75% and 50%, respectively. ATP synthesis was also blocked by inhibitors of the F(0)F(1) ATPase complex, oligomycin, N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, venturicidin, and aurovertin. The activities of the adenine nucleotide translocator and adenylate kinase, as well as release of bound nucleotides, could be excluded as sources of the new ATP. The data indicate that the minimal applied field at which ATP synthesis could be detected is approximately 8 kV/cm, corresponding to a maximal induced membrane potential of 60 mV in SMP. The maximal synthesis occurred at around 30 kV/cm, or an induced transmembrane potential of 200 mV. The duration of the applied pulse was also found to be critical, with 8 mus being the minimal triggering time for the synthesis. The induction of ATP synthesis in nonrespiring SMP by an externally applied electrical field is a direct demonstration of the transformation, by the mitochondrial inner membrane, of electrical energy into the chemical bond energy of ATP.
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Pedersen PL, Amzel LM, Cintrón N, Soper JW, Hullihen J, Wehrle J. The ATP synthesizing system of liver mitochondria. Adv Exp Med Biol 1980; 132:317-44. [PMID: 6252767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Friedmann G, Bützler HO, Wehrle J. [Angiographic findings in two Meckel's diverticula with recurrent bleeding (author's transl)]. Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 1974; 120:446-52. [PMID: 4367019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Friedmann G, Bützler HO, Wehrle J. Angiographische Befunde bei zwei rezidivierend blutenden Meckelschen Divertikeln (MD). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1974. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1229834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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