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Procházková J, Fedr R, Hradilová B, Kvokačková B, Slavík J, Kováč O, Machala M, Fabian P, Navrátil J, Kráčalíková S, Levková M, Ovesná P, Bouchal J, Souček K. Single-cell profiling of surface glycosphingolipids opens a new dimension for deconvolution of breast cancer intratumoral heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity. J Lipid Res 2024:100609. [PMID: 39084491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated sphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of cellular lipids, typically reported as rare in normal mammary tissue. In breast cancer (BCa), GSLs have emerged as noteworthy markers associated with breast cancer stem cells, mediators of phenotypic plasticity, and contributors to cancer cell chemoresistance. GSLs are potential surface markers that can uniquely characterize the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer cell subpopulations and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). In this study, mass spectrometry analyses of the total sphingolipidome in breast epithelial cells and their mesenchymal counterparts revealed increased levels of Gb3 in epithelial cells and significantly elevated GD2 levels in the mesenchymal phenotype. To elucidate whether GSL-related epitopes on BCa cell surfaces reflect EMP and cancer status, we developed and rigorously validated a 12-color spectral flow cytometry panel. This panel enables the simultaneous detection of native GSL epitopes (Gb3, SSEA1, SSEA3, SSEA4, GD2), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (EpCAM, TROP2, CD9), and lineage markers (CD45, CD31, CD90) at the single-cell level. As a next step, the established panel was used for the analysis of BCa primary tumors and revealed surface heterogeneity in SSEA1, SSEA3, SSEA4, GD2, and Gb3, indicative of native epitope presence also on non-tumor cells. These findings further highlighted the phenotype-dependent alterations in GSL surface profiles, with differences between epithelial and stromal cells in the tumor. This study provides novel insights into BCa heterogeneity, shedding light on the potential of native GSL-related epitopes as markers for EMP and cancer status in fresh clinical samples. The developed single-cell approach offers promising avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hradilová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kvokačková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kováč
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Fabian
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Navrátil
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Kráčalíková
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Levková
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Xu Y, Yang J, Meng X, Meng S, Sun T, Ding N, Zong C. The synthesis and preliminary immunological evaluation of a dual-adjuvant SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine: Covalent integration of TLR7/8 and iNKT cell agonists. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132258. [PMID: 38735613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Covalently linking an adjuvant to an antigenic protein enhances its immunogenicity by ensuring a synergistic delivery to the immune system, fostering a more robust and targeted immune response. Most adjuvant-protein conjugate vaccines incorporate only one adjuvant due to the difficulties in its synthesis. However, there is a growing interest in developing vaccines with multiple adjuvants designed to elicit a more robust and targeted immune response by engaging different aspects of the immune system for complex diseases where traditional vaccines fall short. Here, we pioneer the synthesis of a dual-adjuvants protein conjugate Vaccine 1 by assembling a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist, an invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) agonist with a clickable bicyclononyne (BCN). The BCN group can bio-orthogonally react with azide-modified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) trimer antigen to give the three-component Vaccine 1. Notably, with a mere 3 μg antigen, it elicited a balanced subclass of IgG titers and 20-fold more IgG2a than control vaccines, highlighting its potential for enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This strategy provides a practicable way to synthesize covalently linked dual immunostimulants. It expands the fully synthetic self-adjuvant protein vaccine that uses a single adjuvant to include two different types of adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiongyan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chengli Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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Meng X, Xu Y, Yang J, Meng S, Ding N, Sun T, Zong C. Strategic development of a self-adjuvanting SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine: From adjuvant screening to enhanced immunogenicity with a modified TLR7 agonist. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111909. [PMID: 38554446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance the body's immune response to a vaccine, often leading to better protection against diseases. Monophosphoryl lipid A analogues (MPLA, TLR4 agonists), α-galactosylceramide analogues (NKT cell agonists), and imidazoquinoline compounds (TLR7/8 agonists) are emerging novel adjuvants on market or under clinical trials. Despite significant interest in these adjuvants, a direct comparison of their adjuvant activities remains unexplored. We initially assessed the activities of various adjuvants from three distinct categories using the SARS-CoV-2 RBD trimer antigen. TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists are discovered to elicit robust IgG2a/2b antibodies, which is crucial for eliciting antibody dependent cytotoxicity. While α-galactosylceramide analogs induced mainly IgG1 antibody. Then, because of the flexibility of the TLR7/8 agonist, we designed and synthesized a tri-component self-adjuvanting SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine, featuring a covalent TLR7 agonist and targeting mannoside. Animal studies indicated that this vaccine generated antigen-specific humoral immunity. Yet, its immunogenicity seems compromised, indicating the complexity of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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4
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Laverde D, Armiento S, Molinaro A, Huebner J, De Castro C, Romero-Saavedra F. Identification of a capsular polysaccharide from Enterococcus faecium U0317 using a targeted approach to discover immunogenic carbohydrates for vaccine development. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121731. [PMID: 38368077 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has become a major concern for nosocomial infections due to its resistance to several antibiotics, including vancomycin. Finding novel alternatives for treatment prevention, such as vaccines, is therefore crucial. In this study, we used various techniques to discover a novel capsular polysaccharide. Firstly, we identified an encapsulated E. faecium strain by evaluating the opsonophagocytic activity of fifteen strains with antibodies targeting the well-known lipoteichoic acid antigen. This activity was attributed to an unknown polysaccharide. We then prepared a crude cell wall glycopolymer and fractionated it, guided by immunodot-blot analysis. The most immunoreactive fractions were used for opsonophagocytic inhibition assays. The fraction containing the inhibitory polysaccharide underwent structural characterization using NMR and chemical analyses. The elucidated structure presents a branched repeating unit, with the linear part being: →)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glc-(1 → 4)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→, further decorated with a terminal α-d-Glc and a d-phosphoglycerol moiety, attached to O-2 and O-3 of the 4-linked Gal unit, respectively. This polysaccharide was conjugated to BSA and the synthetic glycoprotein used to immunize mice. The resulting sera exhibited good opsonic activity, suggesting its potential as a vaccine antigen. In conclusion, our effector-function-based approach successfully identified an immunogenic capsular polysaccharide with promising applications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Laverde
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Armiento
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felipe Romero-Saavedra
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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6
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Liu Y, Li B, Zheng X, Xiong D, Ye X. Cancer Vaccines Based on Fluorine-Modified KH-1 Elicit Robust Immune Response. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041934. [PMID: 36838925 PMCID: PMC9963332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KH-1 is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which serves as a valuable target of antitumor vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. However, most TACAs are thymus-independent antigens (TD-Ag), and they tend to induce immunological tolerance, leading to their low immunogenicity. To overcome these problems, some fluorinated derivatives of the KH-1 antigen were designed, synthesized, and conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197 to form glycoconjugates, which were used for immunological studies with Freund's adjuvant. The results showed that fluorine-modified N-acyl KH-1 conjugates can induce higher titers of antibodies, especially IgG, which can recognize KH-1-positive cancer cells and can eliminate cancer cells through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The trifluoro-modified KH-1-TF-CRM197 showed great potential as an anticancer vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiujing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Decai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
- The NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinshan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. No. 38, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (X.Y.)
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8
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Rohokale R, Guo Z. Development in the Concept of Bacterial Polysaccharide Repeating Unit-Based Antibacterial Conjugate Vaccines. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:178-212. [PMID: 36706246 PMCID: PMC9930202 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of cells is coated with a dense layer of glycans, known as the cell glycocalyx. The complex glycans in the glycocalyx are involved in various biological events, such as bacterial pathogenesis, protection of bacteria from environmental stresses, etc. Polysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface are highly conserved and accessible molecules, and thus they are excellent immunological targets. Consequently, bacterial polysaccharides and their repeating units have been extensively studied as antigens for the development of antibacterial vaccines. This Review surveys the recent developments in the synthetic and immunological investigations of bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit-based conjugate vaccines against several human pathogenic bacteria. The major challenges associated with the development of functional carbohydrate-based antibacterial conjugate vaccines are also considered.
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Xu Z, Hao T, Wang PG, Zhao W, Li T. Design and Synthesis of Neutralizable Fondaparinux. JACS AU 2022; 2:2791-2799. [PMID: 36590263 PMCID: PMC9795572 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a clinically approved anticoagulant pentasaccharide for the treatment of thrombotic diseases, displays better efficacy and biosafety than other heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. However, there is no suitable antidote available for fondaparinux to efficiently manage its potential bleeding risks, thereby precluding its widespread use. Herein, we describe a convergent and stereocontrolled approach to efficiently synthesize an aminopentyl-functionalized pentasaccharide, which is further used to prepare fondaparinux-based biotin conjugates and clusters. Biological activity evaluation demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of the fondaparinux-based biotin conjugate and trimer is, respectively, neutralized by avidin and protamine as effective antidotes. This work suggests that our synthetic biotin conjugate and trimer have potential for the development of neutralizable and safe anticoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhui Hao
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School
of Medicine, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory
of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Molecular Library of Immunomodulatory α-Galactosylceramides with Fluorous-Tag-Assisted Purification and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities in Regard to IL-2 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113403. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an emerging class of immunomodulatory agents in development for numerous biological applications. Variations in lipid chain length and/or fatty acids in these glycoceramides selectively trigger specific pro-inflammatory responses. Studies that would link a specific function to a structurally distinct α-GalCer rely heavily on the availability of homogeneous and pure materials. To address this need, we report herein a general route to the diversification of the ceramide portion of α-GalCer glycolipids. Our convergent synthesis commences from common building blocks and relies on the Julia–Kocienski olefination as a key step. A cleavable fluorous tag is introduced at the non-reducing end of the sugar that facilitates quick purification of products by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction. The strategy enabled the rapid generation of a focused library of 61 α-GalCer analogs by efficiently assembling various lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, when compared against parent α-GalCer in murine cells, many of these glycolipid variants were found to have iNKT cell stimulating activity similar to or greater than KRN7000. ELISA assaying indicated that glycolipids carrying short fatty N-acyl chains (1fc and 1ga), an unsubstituted (1fh and 1fi) or CF3-substituted phenyl ring at the lipid tail, and a flexible, shorter fatty acyl chain with an aromatic ring (1ge, 1gf, and 1gg) strongly affected the activation of iNKT cells by the glycolipid-loaded antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d. This indicates that the method may benefit the design of structural modifications to potent iNKT cell-binding glycolipids.
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Chemical and Synthetic Biology Approaches for Cancer Vaccine Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206933. [PMID: 36296526 PMCID: PMC9611187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been considered promising therapeutic strategies and are often constructed from whole cells, attenuated pathogens, carbohydrates, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. However, the use of whole organisms or pathogens can elicit unwanted immune responses arising from unforeseen reactions to the vaccine components. On the other hand, synthetic vaccines, which contain antigens that are conjugated, often with carrier proteins, can overcome these issues. Therefore, in this review we have highlighted the synthetic approaches and discussed several bioconjugation strategies for developing antigen-based cancer vaccines. In addition, the major synthetic biology approaches that were used to develop genetically modified cancer vaccines and their progress in clinical research are summarized here. Furthermore, to boost the immune responses of any vaccines, the addition of suitable adjuvants and a proper delivery system are essential. Hence, this review also mentions the synthesis of adjuvants and utilization of biomaterial scaffolds, which may facilitate the design of future cancer vaccines.
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13
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Singh Y, Geringer SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis and Glycosidation of Anomeric Halides: Evolution from Early Studies to Modern Methods of the 21st Century. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11701-11758. [PMID: 35675037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry have dramatically improved access to common glycans. However, many novel methods still fail to adequately address challenges associated with chemical glycosylation and glycan synthesis. Since a challenge of glycosylation has remained, scientists have been frequently returning to the traditional glycosyl donors. This review is dedicated to glycosyl halides that have played crucial roles in shaping the field of glycosciences and continue to pave the way toward our understanding of chemical glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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14
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Sorieul C, Papi F, Carboni F, Pecetta S, Phogat S, Adamo R. Recent advances and future perspectives on carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108158. [PMID: 35183590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by the immune system and can trigger both innate and humoral responses. This feature has been harnessed to generate vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. In cancer, glycosylation plays a pivotal role in malignancy development and progression. Since glycans are specifically expressed on the surface of tumor cells, they have been targeted for the discovery of anticancer preventive and therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Despite the various efforts made over the last years, resulting in a series of clinical studies, attempts of vaccination with carbohydrate-based candidates have proven unsuccessful, primarily due to the immune tolerance often associated with these glycans. New strategies are thus deployed to enhance carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, lessons learned from glycan immunobiology paved the way to the development of new monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to recognize cancer-bound carbohydrates and induce tumor cell killing. Herein we provide an overview of the immunological principles behind the immune response towards glycans and glycoconjugates and the approaches exploited at both preclinical and clinical level to target cancer-associated glycans for the development of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We also discuss gaps and opportunities to successfully advance glycan-directed cancer therapies, which could provide patients with innovative and effective treatments.
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15
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Slater O, Dhami KB, Shrestha G, Kontoyianni M, Nichols MR, Demchenko AV. Development of a Simple and Effective Lipid-A Antagonist Based on Computational Prediction. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1171-1178. [PMID: 35612826 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by bacterial infection and a subsequent massive systemic inflammatory response. In an effort to identify compounds that block lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation reported herein is the development of simple Lipid-A analogues that lack a disaccharide core yet still possess potent antagonistic activity against LPS. The structure of the new lead compound was developed based on predictive computational experiments. LPS antagonism by the lead compound was not straightforward, and a biphasic effect was observed suggesting a possibility of more than one binding site. An IC50 value of 13 nM for the new compound was determined for the possible high affinity site. The combination of computational, synthetic, and biological studies revealed new structural determinants of these simplified analogues. It is expected that the acquired information will aid future design of LPS targeting glycopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Slater
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - Kapur B. Dhami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri─St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Ganesh Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri─St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Maria Kontoyianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - Michael R. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri─St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri─St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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16
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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17
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Lin TL, Yang FL, Ren CT, Pan YJ, Liao KS, Tu IF, Chang YP, Cheng YY, Wu CY, Wu SH, Wang JT. Development of Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsule Polysaccharide-Conjugated Vaccine Candidates Using Phage Depolymerases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843183. [PMID: 35386691 PMCID: PMC8978995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with nosocomial infection and has developed increasing resistance to antibiotics such as extended-spectrum β-lactams and carbapenem. In recent years, K. pneumoniae isolates have emerged as a major cause of global community-acquired infections such as pneumonia and pyogenic liver abscess. Although serotypes K1 and K2 have been identified as the predominant capsular types associated with invasive infections, no K. pneumoniae vaccine is commercially available, probably due to immunogenicity loss in the traditional depolymerization method to obtain capsule polysaccharide (CPS) for the preparation of conjugated vaccine. In this study, we successfully retained immunogenicity by using K1 (K1-ORF34) and K2 (K2-ORF16) CPS depolymerases that were identified from phages to cleave K1 and K2 CPSs into intact structural units of oligosaccharides with intact modifications. The obtained K1 and K2 oligosaccharides were separately conjugated with CRM197 carrier protein to generate CPS-conjugated vaccines. Immunization experiments of mice showed both K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines induced anti-CPS antibodies with 128-fold and 64-fold increases of bactericidal activities, respectively, compare to mice without vaccinations. Challenge tests indicated that K1 or K2 CPS-conjugated vaccine and divalent vaccine (a mixture of K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines) protected mice from subsequent infection of K. pneumoniae by the respective capsular type. Thus, we demonstrated K1 and K2 CPS-conjugated vaccines prepared by CPS depolymerases is a promising candidate for developing vaccines against human K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells and breast cancer stem cells, and potential cancer therapy strategies based on their structures and functions. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:177-195. [PMID: 35267131 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression profiles of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated embryoid body (EB) outgrowth cells, consisting of three germ layers, were surveyed systematically. Several globo- and lacto-series GSLs were identified in undifferentiated hESCs and during differentiation of hESCs to EB outgrowth cells, and core structure switching of these GSLs to gangliosides was observed. Such switching was attributable to altered expression of key glycosyltransferases (GTs) in GSL biosynthetic pathways, reflecting the unique stage-specific transitions and mechanisms characteristic of the differentiation process. Lineage-specific differentiation of hESCs was associated with further GSL alterations. During differentiation of undifferentiated hESCs to neural progenitor cells, core structure switching from globo- and lacto-series to primarily gangliosides (particularly GD3) was again observed. During differentiation to endodermal cells, alterations of GSL profiles were distinct from those in differentiation to EB outgrowth or neural progenitor cells, with high expression of Gb4Cer and low expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, -4, or GD3 in endodermal cells. Again, such profile changes resulted from alterations of key GTs in GSL biosynthetic pathways. Novel glycan structures identified on hESCs and their differentiated counterparts presumably play functional roles in hESCs and related cancer or cancer stem cells, and will be useful as surface biomarkers. We also examined GSL expression profiles in breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), using a model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced human breast CSCs. We found that GD2 and GD3, together with their common upstream GTs, GD3 synthase (GD3S) and GD2/GM2 synthase, maintained stem cell phenotype in breast CSCs. Subsequent studies showed that GD3 was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and activated EGFR signaling in breast CSCs and breast cancer cell lines. GD3S knockdown enhanced cytotoxicity of gefitinib (an EGFR kinase inhibitor) in resistant MDA-MB468 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that GD3S contributes to gefitinib resistance in EGFR-positive breast cancer cells, and is a potentially useful therapeutic target in drug-resistant breast cancers.
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19
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Wang J, Wen Y, Zhou SH, Zhang HW, Peng XQ, Zhang RY, Yin XG, Qiu H, Gong R, Yang GF, Guo J. Self-Adjuvanting Lipoprotein Conjugate αGalCer-RBD Induces Potent Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2558-2570. [PMID: 35073081 PMCID: PMC8806000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants are the best approach to successfully combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein is a major target to develop candidate vaccines. α-Galactosylceramide (αGalCer), a potent invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) agonist, was site-specifically conjugated to the N-terminus of the RBD to form an adjuvant-protein conjugate, which was anchored on the liposome surface. This is the first time that an iNKT cell agonist was conjugated to the protein antigen. Compared to the unconjugated RBD/αGalCer mixture, the αGalCer-RBD conjugate induced significantly stronger humoral and cellular responses. The conjugate vaccine also showed effective cross-neutralization to all variants of concern (B.1.1.7/alpha, B.1.351/beta, P.1/gamma, B.1.617.2/delta, and B.1.1.529/omicron). These results suggest that the self-adjuvanting αGalCer-RBD has great potential to be an effective COVID-19 vaccine candidate, and this strategy might be useful for designing various subunit vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/therapy
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Galactosylceramides/chemistry
- Galactosylceramides/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/therapeutic use
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Liposomes/chemistry
- Liposomes/immunology
- Liposomes/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Protein Domains
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Conjugate/chemistry
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hai-Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu-Guang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
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20
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Chen CY, Lin YW, Wang SW, Lin YC, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis of Azido-Globo H Analogs for Immunogenicity Evaluation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:77-85. [PMID: 35106375 PMCID: PMC8796297 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globo H (GH) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), and GH conjugations have been evaluated as potential cancer vaccines. However, like all carbohydrate-based vaccines, low immunogenicity is a major issue. Modifications of the TACA increase its immunogenicity, but the systemic modification on GH is challenging and the synthesis is cumbersome. In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group. The azido-derivatives were further glycosylated to azido-GH analogs by glycosyltransferases coupled with sugar nucleotide regeneration. These azido-GH analogs and native GH were conjugated to diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material CRM197 for vaccination with C34 adjuvant in mice. Glycan array analysis of antisera indicated that the azido-GH glycoconjugate with azide at Gal-C6 of Lac (1-CRM197) elicited the highest antibody response not only to GH, SSEA3, and SSEA4, which share the common SSEA3 epitope, but also to MCF-7 cancer cells, which express these Globo-series glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical
Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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21
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Luo X, Lian Q, Li W, Chen L, Zhang R, Yang D, Gao L, Qi X, Liu Z, Liao G. Fully synthetic Mincle-dependent self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses and protect mice from tumor development. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15998-16013. [PMID: 35024123 PMCID: PMC8672726 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy based on a macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) agonist was established to construct synthetic cancer vaccines. Using sialyl-Tn (STn) as a model antigen, four conjugates with the Mincle agonist as a built-in adjuvant were designed and synthesized through a facile and efficient method. All conjugates could induce BMDMs to produce inflammatory cytokines in a Mincle-dependent manner and were found to elicit robust humoral and T cell-dependent immune responses alone in mice. The corresponding antibodies could recognize, bind and exhibit complement-dependent cytotoxicity to STn-positive cancer cells, leading to tumor cell lysis. Moreover, all conjugates could effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the mice survival time in vivo, with therapeutic effects better than STn-CRM197/Al. Notably, compared to conventional glycoprotein conjugate vaccines, these fully synthetic conjugate vaccines do not cause "epitope suppression." Mincle ligands thus hold great potential as a platform for the development of new vaccine carriers with self-adjuvanting properties for cancer treatment. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis shows that a vaccine containing one STn antigen carried by vizantin exhibits the best efficacy, providing support for further optimization and additional investigation into Mincle agonists as the carrier of self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qinghai Lian
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liqing Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Renyu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Deying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lingqiang Gao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
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22
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Homogeneous antibody and CAR-T cells with improved effector functions targeting SSEA-4 glycan on pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114774118. [PMID: 34876527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114774118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is usually asymptomatic in the early stages; the 5-y survival rate is around 9%; and there is a lack of effective treatment. Here we show that SSEA-4 is more expressed in all pancreatic cancer cell lines examined but not detectable in normal pancreatic cells; and high expression of SSEA-4 or the key enzymes B3GALT5 + ST3GAL2 associated with SSEA-4 biosynthesis significantly lowers the overall survival rate. To evaluate potential new treatments for pancreatic cancer, homogeneous antibodies with a well-defined Fc glycan for optimal effector functions and CAR-T cells with scFv construct designed to target SSEA-4 were shown highly effective against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. This was further supported by the finding that a subpopulation of natural killer (NK) cells isolated by the homogeneous antibody exhibited enhancement in cancer-cell killing activity compared to the unseparated NK cells. These results indicate that targeting SSEA-4 by homologous antibodies or CAR-T strategies can effectively inhibit cancer growth, suggesting SSEA-4 as a potential immunotherapy target for treating pancreatic disease.
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23
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Sigal DS, Hermel DJ, Hsu P, Pearce T. The role of Globo H and SSEA-4 in the development and progression of cancer, and their potential as therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2021; 18:117-134. [PMID: 34734786 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans, chains of sugar molecules found conjugated to cell proteins and lipids, contribute to their growth, movement and differentiation. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of several medical conditions including tumorigenesis. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), consisting of glycans conjugated to a lipid (ceramide) core, are found in the lipid bilayer of eukaryotic cell membranes. GSLs, play an active role in cell processes. Several GSLs are expressed by human embryonic stem cells and have been found to be overexpressed in several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the data, hypotheses and perspectives related to the GSLs Globo H and SSEA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Sigal
- Director, GI Oncology, Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David J Hermel
- Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pei Hsu
- Medical Advisor, Medical Affairs & Clinical Development, OBI Pharma Inc. 7F, No. 369, Zhongxiao E Road, Nangang District, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tillman Pearce
- Chief Medical Officer, OBI Pharma USA Inc., 6020 Cornerstone Court W, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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24
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Shivatare SS, Rachel Cheng TJ, Cheng YY, Shivatare VS, Tsai TI, Chuang HY, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Evaluation of N-Glycans Recognized by HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2016-2025. [PMID: 34649433 PMCID: PMC8526942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the improved treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is available, the development of an effective and safe prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 is still an unrealized goal. Encouragingly, the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV-1 positive patients that are capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of HIV-1 isolates of various clades has accelerated the progress of vaccine development in the past few years. Some of these bNAbs recognize the N-glycans on the viral surface gp120 glycoprotein. We have been interested in using the glycan epitopes recognized by bNAbs for the development of vaccines to elicit bNAb-like antibodies with broadly neutralizing activities. Toward this goal, we have identified novel hybrid-type structures with subnanomolar avidity toward several bNAbs including PG16, PGT121, PGT128-3C, 2G12, VRC13, VRC-PG05, VRC26.25, VRC26.09, PGDM1400, 35O22, and 10-1074. Here, we report the immunogenicity evaluation of a novel hybrid glycan conjugated to carrier DTCRM197, a nontoxic mutant of the diphtheria toxin, for immunization in mice. Our results indicated that the IgG response was mainly against the chitobiose motif with nonspecific binding to a panel of N-glycans with reducing end GlcNAc-GlcNAc (chitobiose) printed on the glass slides. However, the IgM response was mainly toward the reducing end GlcNAc moiety. We further used the glycoconjugates of Man3GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc2, and Man9GlcNAc2 glycans for immunization, and a similar specificity pattern was observed. These findings suggest that the immunogenicity of chitobiose may interfere with the outcome of N-glycan-based vaccines, and modification may be necessary to increase the immunogenicity of the entire N-glycan epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Vidya S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hong-Yang Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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25
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Lee RH, Wang YJ, Lai TY, Hsu TL, Chuang PK, Wu HC, Wong CH. Combined Effect of Anti-SSEA4 and Anti-Globo H Antibodies on Breast Cancer Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1526-1537. [PMID: 34369155 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The globo-series glycosphingolipids (SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo H) were shown to express in many cancers selectively, and a combination of anti-SSEA4 and anti-Globo H antibodies was able to suppress tumor growth in mice inoculated with breast cancer cell lines. To further understand the effect, we focused on the combined effect of the two antibodies in target binding and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Here, we report that the binding of anti-Globo H antibody (VK9) to MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells was influenced by anti-SSEA4 antibody (MC813-70), and a combination of both antibodies induced a similar effect as did anti-SSEA4 antibodies alone in a reporter-based ADCC assay, indicating that SSEA4 is a major target in breast cancer due to its higher expression than Globo H. Furthermore, we showed that a homogeneous anti-SSEA4 antibody (chMC813-70-SCT) designed to maximize the ADCC activity can be used to isolate a subpopulation of natural killer (NK) cells that exhibit an ∼23% increase in killing the target cells as compared to the unseparated NK cells. These findings can be used to predict a therapy outcome based on the expression levels of antigens and evaluate therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Herng Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yen Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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26
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Wang XF, Zhang MJ, He N, Wang YC, Yan C, Chen XZ, Gao XF, Guo J, Luo R, Liu Z. Potent Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by RBD-Fc-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Adjuvanted by the Th2-Skewing iNKT Cell Agonist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11554-11569. [PMID: 34279930 PMCID: PMC8315257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is of paramount importance to terminate the current pandemic. An adjuvant is crucial for improving the efficacy of the subunit COVID19 vaccine. α-Galactosylceramide (αGC) is a classical iNKT cell agonist which causes the rapid production of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines; we, therefore, expect that the Th1- or Th2-skewing analogues of αGC can better enhance the immunogenicity of the receptor-binding domain in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 fused with the Fc region of human IgG (RBD-Fc). Herein, we developed a universal synthetic route to the Th1-biasing (α-C-GC) and Th2-biasing (OCH and C20:2) analogues. Immunization of mice demonstrated that αGC-adjuvanted RBD-Fc elicited a more potent humoral response than that observed with Alum and enabled the sparing of antigens. Remarkably, at a low dose of the RBD-Fc protein (2 μg), the Th2-biasing agonist C20:2 induced a significantly higher titer of the neutralizing antibody than that of Alum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Na He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan
Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000,
China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and
Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang,
Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent
Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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27
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Zhang Z, Xu Z, Liu X, Luo S, Li T. Stereoselective Synthesis of β- C-Glycosides of 3-Deoxy-d- manno-oct-2-ulosonic Acid (Kdo) via SmI 2-Mediated Reformatsky Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:6090-6093. [PMID: 34296882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and simple approach for stereoselective synthesis of β-Kdo C-glycosides was described, which relies on easily available peracetylated anomeric acetate or anomeric 2-pyridyl sulfide to couple with carbonyl compounds via SmI2-mediated Reformatsky reactions. The utility of this methodology is exemplified by the streamlined synthesis of a practical β-Kdo C-glycoside with an anomeric aminopropyl linker to conjugate with other biomolecules for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingbang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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28
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Zhai C, Zheng XJ, Song C, Ye XS. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of N-acyl modified Globo H derivatives as anticancer vaccine candidates. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1239-1243. [PMID: 34355188 PMCID: PMC8292959 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globo H is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which serves as a valuable target for antitumor vaccine or cancer immunotherapies. However, most TACAs are T-cell-independent, and they cannot induce powerful immune response due to their poor immunogenicity. To address this problem, herein, several Globo H analogues with modification on the N-acyl group were prepared through a preactivation-based glycosylation strategy from the non-reducing end to the reducing end. These modified Globo H derivatives were then conjugated with carrier protein CRM197 to form glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates, which were used in combination with adjuvant glycolipid C34 for immunological studies. The immunological effects of these synthetic vaccine candidates were evaluated on Balb/c mice. The results showed that the fluorine-modified N-acyl Globo H conjugates can induce higher titers of IgG antibodies that can recognize the naturally occurring Globo H antigen on the surface of cancer cells and can eliminate cancer cells in the presence of a complement, indicating the potential of these synthetic glycoconjugates as anticancer vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiu-Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Rd No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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29
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Lingwood C. Therapeutic Uses of Bacterial Subunit Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060378. [PMID: 34073185 PMCID: PMC8226680 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The B subunit pentamer verotoxin (VT aka Shiga toxin-Stx) binding to its cellular glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptor, globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) mediates internalization and the subsequent receptor mediated retrograde intracellular traffic of the AB5 subunit holotoxin to the endoplasmic reticulum. Subunit separation and cytosolic A subunit transit via the ER retrotranslocon as a misfolded protein mimic, then inhibits protein synthesis to kill cells, which can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome clinically. This represents one of the most studied systems of prokaryotic hijacking of eukaryotic biology. Similarly, the interaction of cholera AB5 toxin with its GSL receptor, GM1 ganglioside, is the key component of the gastrointestinal pathogenesis of cholera and follows the same retrograde transport pathway for A subunit cytosol access. Although both VT and CT are the cause of major pathology worldwide, the toxin–receptor interaction is itself being manipulated to generate new approaches to control, rather than cause, disease. This arena comprises two areas: anti neoplasia, and protein misfolding diseases. CT/CTB subunit immunomodulatory function and anti-cancer toxin immunoconjugates will not be considered here. In the verotoxin case, it is clear that Gb3 (and VT targeting) is upregulated in many human cancers and that there is a relationship between GSL expression and cancer drug resistance. While both verotoxin and cholera toxin similarly hijack the intracellular ERAD quality control system of nascent protein folding, the more widespread cell expression of GM1 makes cholera the toxin of choice as the means to more widely utilise ERAD targeting to ameliorate genetic diseases of protein misfolding. Gb3 is primarily expressed in human renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells are the primary VT target but Gb3 is expressed in other endothelial beds, notably brain endothelial cells which can mediate the encephalopathy primarily associated with VT2-producing E. coli infection. The Gb3 levels can be regulated by cytokines released during EHEC infection, which complicate pathogenesis. Significantly Gb3 is upregulated in the neovasculature of many tumours, irrespective of tumour Gb3 status. Gb3 is markedly increased in pancreatic, ovarian, breast, testicular, renal, astrocytic, gastric, colorectal, cervical, sarcoma and meningeal cancer relative to the normal tissue. VT has been shown to be effective in mouse xenograft models of renal, astrocytoma, ovarian, colorectal, meningioma, and breast cancer. These studies are herein reviewed. Both CT and VT (and several other bacterial toxins) access the cell cytosol via cell surface ->ER transport. Once in the ER they interface with the protein folding homeostatic quality control pathway of the cell -ERAD, (ER associated degradation), which ensures that only correctly folded nascent proteins are allowed to progress to their cellular destinations. Misfolded proteins are translocated through the ER membrane and degraded by cytosolic proteosome. VT and CT A subunits have a C terminal misfolded protein mimic sequence to hijack this transporter to enter the cytosol. This interface between exogenous toxin and genetically encoded endogenous mutant misfolded proteins, provides a new therapeutic basis for the treatment of such genetic diseases, e.g., Cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease, Fabry disease, Tay-Sachs disease and many more. Studies showing the efficacy of this approach in animal models of such diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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30
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Application of the Antibody-Inducing Activity of Glycosphingolipids to Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073776. [PMID: 33917390 PMCID: PMC8038663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of a mono-, di-, or oligosaccharide and a ceramide and function as constituents of cell membranes. Various molecular species of GSLs have been identified in mammalian cells due to differences in the structures of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide structure can vary depending on cell lineage, differentiation stage, and pathology; this property can be used as a cell identification marker. Furthermore, GSLs are involved in various aspects of the immune response, such as cytokine production, immune signaling, migration of immune cells, and antibody production. GSLs containing certain structures exhibit strong immunogenicity in immunized animals and promote the production of anti-GSL antibodies. By exploiting this property, it is possible to generate antibodies that recognize the fine oligosaccharide structure of specific GSLs or glycoproteins. In our study using artificially synthesized GSLs (artGSLs), we found that several structural features are correlated with the antibody-inducing activity of GSLs. Based on these findings, we designed artGSLs that efficiently induce the production of antibodies accompanied by class switching and developed several antibodies that recognize not only certain glycan structures of GSLs but also those of glycoproteins. This review comprehensively introduces the immune activities of GSLs and their application as pharmaceuticals.
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32
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Crews DW, Dombroski JA, King MR. Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines Engineered to Elicit Specific Adaptive Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626463. [PMID: 33869008 PMCID: PMC8044825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been used to prevent and eradicate different diseases for over 200 years, and new vaccine technologies have the potential to prevent many common illnesses. Cancer, despite many advances in therapeutics, is still the second leading causes of death in the United States. Prophylactic, or preventative, cancer vaccines have the potential to reduce cancer prevalence by initiating a specific immune response that will target cancer before it can develop. Cancer vaccines can include many different components, such as peptides and carbohydrates, and be fabricated for delivery using a variety of means including through incorporation of stabilizing chemicals like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pan-DR helper T-lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), fusion with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), microneedle patches, and liposomal encapsulation. There are currently five cancer vaccines used in the clinic, protecting against either human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), and preventing several different types of cancer including cervical and oral cancer. Prophylactic cancer vaccines can promote three different types of adaptive responses: humoral (B cell, or antibody-mediated), cellular (T cell) or a combination of the two types. Each vaccine has its advantages and challenges at eliciting an adaptive immune response, but these prophylactic cancer vaccines in development have the potential to prevent or delay tumor development, and reduce the incidence of many common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis W Crews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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33
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Bruxelle JF, Kirilenko T, Trattnig N, Yang Y, Cattin M, Kosma P, Pantophlet R. A glycoside analog of mammalian oligomannose formulated with a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant elicits HIV-1 cross-reactive antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4637. [PMID: 33633304 PMCID: PMC7907241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of oligomannose-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has spurred efforts to develop immunogens that can elicit similar antibodies. Here, we report on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a CRM197-conjugate of a previously reported oligomannose mimetic. Oligomannose-specific bnAbs that are less dependent on interactions with the HIV envelope protein sequence showed strong binding to the glycoconjugates, with affinities approximating those reported for their cognate epitope. The glycoconjugate is also recognized by inferred germline precursors of oligomannose-specific bnAbs, albeit with the expected low avidity, supporting its potential as an immunogen. Immunization of human-antibody transgenic mice revealed that only a TLR4-stimulating adjuvant formulation resulted in antibodies able to bind a panel of recombinant HIV trimers. These antibodies bound at relatively modest levels, possibly explaining their inability to neutralize HIV infectivity. Nevertheless, these findings contribute further to understanding conditions for eliciting HIV-cross-reactive oligomannose-specific antibodies and inform on next steps for improving on the elicited response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Tess Kirilenko
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.479077.aPresent Address: AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Nino Trattnig
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Present Address: Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yiqiu Yang
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Matteo Cattin
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- grid.5173.00000 0001 2298 5320Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
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Natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:197-216. [PMID: 37117529 PMCID: PMC7829660 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also less immunogenic and require an adjuvant to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen and potentiate the immune response. Unfortunately, few adjuvants have sufficient potency and low enough toxicity for clinical use, highlighting the urgent need for new, potent and safe adjuvants. Notably, a number of natural and synthetic carbohydrate structures have been used as adjuvants in clinical trials, and two have recently been approved in human vaccines. However, naturally derived carbohydrate adjuvants are heterogeneous, difficult to obtain and, in some cases, unstable. In addition, their molecular mechanisms of action are generally not fully understood, partly owing to the lack of tools to elucidate their immune-potentiating effects, thus hampering the rational development of optimized adjuvants. To address these challenges, modification of the natural product structure using synthetic chemistry emerges as an attractive approach to develop well-defined, improved carbohydrate-containing adjuvants and chemical probes for mechanistic investigation. This Review describes selected examples of natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based adjuvants and their application in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, while also discussing current understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action.
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35
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Ravinder M, Liao KS, Cheng YY, Pawar S, Lin TL, Wang JT, Wu CY. A Synthetic Carbohydrate-Protein Conjugate Vaccine Candidate against Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype K2. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15964-15997. [PMID: 33108196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes pneumonia and liver abscesses in humans worldwide and contains virulence factor capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides linked to the cell wall. Although capsular polysaccharides are good antigens for vaccine production and capsular oligosaccharides conjugate vaccines are proven effective against infections caused by encapsulated pathogens, there is still no Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine available. One obstacle is that the capsular polysaccharide of a dominated Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 is difficult to synthesize chemically due to the three 1,2-cis linkages in its structure. In this study, we successfully synthesized K2 capsular polysaccharides from tetra- to octasaccharides in highly a stereoselective manner. Subsequently, three synthesized glycans were conjugated to DT protein to provide glycoconjugate vaccine candidates (DT-Hexa, DT-Hepta, and DT-Octa) that were used in in vivo immunization experiments in mice. The results of immunized studies showed all three glycoconjugates elicited antibodies that recognized all of the synthetic glycans at 1:200-fold dilution. Particularly, the DT-Hepta conjugate elicited a higher level of antibodies that can recognize longer glycan (octasaccharide) even at 1:12800-fold dilution and exhibited good bactericidal activity. Our results concluded that heptasaccharide is the minimal epitope and a potential candidate for the vaccine against the K2 sero group of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mettu Ravinder
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Zhonzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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36
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Ghosh S, Trabbic KR, Shi M, Nishat S, Eradi P, Kleski KA, Andreana PR. Chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of entirely carbohydrate conjugate Globo H-PS A1. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13052-13059. [PMID: 34123241 PMCID: PMC8163331 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An anticancer, entirely carbohydrate conjugate, Globo H-polysaccharide A1 (Globo H-PS A1), was chemically prepared and immunologically evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor associated carbohydrate antigen Globo H hexasaccharide was synthesized in an overall 7.8% yield employing a convergent [3 + 3] strategy that revealed an anomeric aminooxy group used for conjugation to oxidized PS A1 via an oxime linkage. Globo H-PS A1, formulated with adjuvants monophosphoryl lipid A and TiterMax® Gold. After immunization an antigen specific immune response was observed in ELISA with anti-Globo H IgG/IgM antibodies. Specificity of the corresponding antibodies was determined by FACS showing cell surface binding to Globo H-positive cancer cell lines MCF-7 and OVCAR-5. The anti-Globo H antibodies also exhibited complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and OVCAR-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ghosh
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Kevin R Trabbic
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Mengchao Shi
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Sharmeen Nishat
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Pradheep Eradi
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Kristopher A Kleski
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
| | - Peter R Andreana
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2801 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio USA 43606
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37
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Yu J, Hung JT, Wang SH, Cheng JY, Yu AL. Targeting glycosphingolipids for cancer immunotherapy. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3602-3618. [PMID: 32860713 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is a unique feature of cancer and stromal cells in tumor microenvironments. Although the impact of GSLs on tumor progression remains largely unclear, anticancer immunotherapies directed against GSLs are attracting growing attention. Here, we focus on GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed in tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and Globo H ceramide (GHCer), the most prevalent cancer-associated GSL overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers. We first summarize recent advances on our understanding of GD2 and GHCer biology and then discuss the clinical development of the first immunotherapeutic agent targeting a glycolipid, the GD2-specific antibody dinutuximab, its approved indications, and new strategies to improve its efficacy for neuroblastoma. Next, we review ongoing clinical trials on Globo H-targeted immunotherapeutics. We end with highlighting how these studies provide sound scientific rationales for targeting GSLs in cancer and may facilitate a rational design of new GSL-targeted anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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38
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Colomb F, Giron LB, Kuri-Cervantes L, Adeniji OS, Ma T, Dweep H, Battivelli E, Verdin E, Palmer CS, Tateno H, Kossenkov AV, Roan NR, Betts MR, Abdel-Mohsen M. Sialyl-Lewis X Glycoantigen Is Enriched on Cells with Persistent HIV Transcription during Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107991. [PMID: 32755584 PMCID: PMC7432956 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the phenotype of persistent HIV-infected cells, transcriptionally active and/or transcriptionally inactive, is imperative for developing a cure. The relevance of cell-surface glycosylation to HIV persistence has never been explored. We characterize the relationship between cell-surface glycomic signatures and persistent HIV transcription in vivo. We find that the cell surface of CD4+ T cells actively transcribing HIV, despite suppressive therapy, harbors high levels of fucosylated carbohydrate ligands, including the cell extravasation mediator Sialyl-LewisX (SLeX), compared with HIV-infected transcriptionally inactive cells. These high levels of SLeX are induced by HIV transcription in vitro and are maintained after therapy in vivo. Cells with high-SLeX are enriched with markers associated with HIV susceptibility, signaling pathways that drive HIV transcription, and pathways involved in leukocyte extravasation. We describe a glycomic feature of HIV-infected transcriptionally active cells that not only differentiates them from their transcriptionally inactive counterparts but also may affect their trafficking abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Colomb
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leila B Giron
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Opeyemi S Adeniji
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tongcui Ma
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Harsh Dweep
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Clovis S Palmer
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | | | - Nadia R Roan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for AIDS Research (Penn CFAR), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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39
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Chimeric hemagglutinin vaccine elicits broadly protective CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against multiple influenza strains and subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17757-17763. [PMID: 32669430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004783117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been used to control the spread of seasonal flu; however, the virus continues to evolve and escape from host immune response through mutation and increasing glycosylation. Efforts have been directed toward development of a universal vaccine with broadly protective activity against multiple influenza strains and subtypes. Here we report the design and evaluation of various chimeric vaccines based on the most common avian influenza H5 and human influenza H1 sequences. Of these constructs, the chimeric HA (cHA) vaccine with consensus H5 as globular head and consensus H1 as stem was shown to elicit broadly protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Interestingly, the monoglycosylated cHA (cHAmg) vaccine with GlcNAc on each glycosite induced more stem-specific antibodies, with higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and better neutralizing and stronger cross-protection activities against H1, H3, H5, and H7 strains and subtypes. Moreover, the cHAmg vaccine combined with a glycolipid adjuvant designed for class switch further enhanced the vaccine efficacy with more IFN-γ, IL-4, and CD8+ memory T cells produced.
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40
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Mettu R, Chen CY, Wu CY. Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 31900143 PMCID: PMC6941340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mettu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Yun Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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41
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Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans and their conjugates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and play an important role in various diseases, including inflammation, viral and bacterial infections, and tumor progression and metastasis. Studying the biological significances of carbohydrates has been challenging due in part to their structural diversity and the limited access to complex carbohydrate-containing molecules. Conventional methods such as isothermal titration calorimetry and enzyme-linked lectin assay can be laborious and require significant amounts of time and materials. The emerging of glycan microarrays as high-throughput technology for studying carbohydrate interactions has overcome some of these challenges, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of the biological roles of carbohydrates and their glycoconjugates. In addition, glycan microarrays offer new applications in biomedical research, drug discovery and development. This chapter will focus on the biomedical applications of glycan microarrays and their potential role in drug discovery and development.
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42
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Feng H, Nakajima N, Wu L, Yamashita M, Lopes TJS, Tsuji M, Hasegawa H, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. A Glycolipid Adjuvant, 7DW8-5, Enhances the Protective Immune Response to the Current Split Influenza Vaccine in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2157. [PMID: 31620111 PMCID: PMC6759631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza disease. Adjuvants enhance the efficacy of vaccines, but few adjuvants are approved for human use, so novel, safe, and effective adjuvants are urgently needed. The glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 has shown adjuvanticity to malaria vaccine; however, its adjuvant effect for seasonal influenza vaccine remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of 7DW8-5 to a quadrivalent split influenza vaccine in a mouse model. 7DW8-5 significantly enhanced virus-specific antibody production when administrated with influenza vaccine compared with that of vaccine alone; 10 μg of 7DW8-5 induced similar antibody levels to those induced by alum. Mouse body weight loss was reduced and, notably, the survival rate was increased in the vaccine plus 7DW8-5 group compared with that in the vaccine plus alum group. Our results indicate that the glycolipid 7DW8-5 is a promising adjuvant for influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Li Wu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Khafaei M, Rezaie E, Mohammadi A, Shahnazi Gerdehsang P, Ghavidel S, Kadkhoda S, Zorrieh Zahra A, Forouzanfar N, Arabameri H, Tavallaie M. miR-9: From function to therapeutic potential in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14651-14665. [PMID: 30693512 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are regarded as the main cause of death around the world; hence, many research studies were conducted to further perceive molecular mechanisms, treatment, and cancer prognosis. Cancer is known as a major factor for health-related problems in the world. The main challenges associated with these diseases are prompt diagnosis, disease remission classification and treatment status forecast. Therefore, progressing in such areas by developing new and optimized methods with the help of minimally invasive biological markers such as circular microRNAs (miRNAs) can be considered important. miRNA interactions with target genes have specified their role in development, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation and also, confirm direct miRNA function in cancer. Different miRNAs expression levels in various types of malignant neoplasms have been observed to be associated with prognosis of various carcinomas. miR-9 seems to implement opposite practices in different tissues or under various cancer incidences by influencing different genes. Aberrant miR-9 levels have been observed in many cancer types. Therefore, we intended to investigate the precise role of miR-9 in patients with malignant neoplasms. To this end, in this study, we attempted to examine different studies to clarify the overall role of miR-9 as a prognostic marker in several human tumors. The presented data in this study can help us to find the novel therapeutic avenues for treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khafaei
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rezaie
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Ghavidel
- Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Zorrieh Zahra
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Forouzanfar
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabameri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Cheng CW, Wu CY, Hsu WL, Wong CH. Programmable One-Pot Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3078-3088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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45
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Nakamura Y, Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Shida Y, Hakariya T, Ohba K, Taima T, Ito A, Suda T, Hakomori SI, Saito S, Sakai H. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 is a histological marker reflecting the malignant behavior of prostate cancer. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:409-418. [PMID: 31243630 PMCID: PMC6744380 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a specific marker for pluripotent stem cells, plays an important role in the malignant behavior of several cancers. Here, SSEA-4 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody RM1 specific to SSEA-4 in 181 and 117 prostate cancer (PC) specimens obtained by biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP), respectively. The relationships between SSEA-4 expression in cancer cells or the presence of SSEA-4-positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. SSEA-4 expression in cancer cells was significantly associated with Gleason score, local progression, and lymph node and distant metastasis. In RP specimens, high SSEA-4 expression in cancer cells and the presence of SSEA-4-positive TICs were significant predictors of pT3, i.e., invasion and worse biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP, respectively, in univariate analysis. In contrast, combination of high SSEA-4 expression in cancer cells and the presence of SSEA-4-positive TICs was an independent predictor for pT3 and BCR in multivariate analysis. Biologically this combination was also independently associated with suppression of apoptosis. Thus, the co-expression of SSEA-4 in cancer cells and TICs may have crucial roles in the malignant aggressiveness and prognosis of PC. Invasive potential and suppression of apoptosis may be linked to SSEA-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Shida
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hakariya
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takenobu Taima
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Suda
- Department of Urology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Sen-Itiroh Hakomori
- Departments of Pathobiology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Seiichi Saito
- Department of Urology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Hossain F, Andreana PR. Developments in Carbohydrate-Based Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020084. [PMID: 31167407 PMCID: PMC6631729 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells of diverse origins express extracellular tumor-specific carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) because of aberrant glycosylation. Overexpressed TACAs on the surface of tumor cells are considered biomarkers for cancer detection and have always been prioritized for the development of novel carbohydrate-based anti-cancer vaccines. In recent years, progress has been made in developing synthetic, carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines to improve immune responses associated with targeting these specific antigens. Tumor cells also exhaust more energy for proliferation than normal cells, by consuming excessive amounts of glucose via overexpressed sugar binding or transporting receptors located in the cellular membrane. Furthermore, inspired by the Warburg effect, glycoconjugation strategies of anticancer drugs have gained considerable attention from the scientific community. This review highlights a small cohort of recent efforts which have been made in carbohydrate-based cancer treatments, including vaccine design and the development of glycoconjugate prodrugs, glycosidase inhibiting iminosugars, and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Colomb F, Giron LB, Trbojevic-Akmacic I, Lauc G, Abdel-Mohsen M. Breaking the Glyco-Code of HIV Persistence and Immunopathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:151-168. [PMID: 30707400 PMCID: PMC6441623 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glycoimmunology is an emerging field focused on understanding how immune responses are mediated by glycans (carbohydrates) and their interaction with glycan-binding proteins called lectins. How glycans influence immunological functions is increasingly well understood. In a parallel way, in the HIV field, it is increasingly understood how the host immune system controls HIV persistence and immunopathogenesis. However, what has mostly been overlooked, despite its potential for therapeutic applications, is the role that the host glycosylation machinery plays in modulating the persistence and immunopathogenesis of HIV. Here, we will survey four areas in which the links between glycan-lectin interactions and immunology and between immunology and HIV are well described. For each area, we will describe these links and then delineate the opportunities for the HIV field in investigating potential interactions between glycoimmunology and HIV persistence/immunopathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show that the human glycome (the repertoire of human glycan structures) plays critical roles in driving or modulating several cellular processes and immunological functions that are central to maintaining HIV infection. Understanding the links between glycoimmunology and HIV infection may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication, functional cure, or improved tolerance of lifelong infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Colomb
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leila B Giron
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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48
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Nguyen DN, Xu B, Stanfield RL, Bailey JK, Horiya S, Temme JS, Leon DR, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Costello CE, Wilson IA, Krauss IJ. Oligomannose Glycopeptide Conjugates Elicit Antibodies Targeting the Glycan Core Rather than Its Extremities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:237-249. [PMID: 30834312 PMCID: PMC6396197 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to ∼20% of HIV-infected individuals eventually develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and many of these antibodies (∼40%) target a region of dense high-mannose glycosylation on gp120 of the HIV envelope protein, known as the "high-mannose patch" (HMP). Thus, there have been numerous attempts to develop glycoconjugate vaccine immunogens that structurally mimic the HMP and might elicit bnAbs targeting this conserved neutralization epitope. Herein, we report on the immunogenicity of glycopeptides, designed by in vitro selection, that bind tightly to anti-HMP antibody 2G12. By analyzing the fine carbohydrate specificity of rabbit antibodies elicited by these immunogens, we found that they differ from some natural human bnAbs, such as 2G12 and PGT128, in that they bind primarily to the core structures within the glycan, rather than to the Manα1 → 2Man termini (2G12) or to the whole glycan (PGT128). Antibody specificity for the glycan core may result from extensive serum mannosidase trimming of the immunogen in the vaccinated animals. This finding has broad implications for vaccine design aiming to target glycan-dependent HIV neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung N. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Bokai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Satoru Horiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - J. Sebastian Temme
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Deborah R. Leon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isaac J. Krauss
- Department
of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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50
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Signaling pathway of globo-series glycosphingolipids and β1,3-galactosyltransferase V (β3GalT5) in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3518-3523. [PMID: 30808745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816946116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The globo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs) SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo-H specifically expressed on cancer cells are found to correlate with tumor progression and metastasis, but the functional roles of these GSLs and the key enzyme β1,3-galactosyltransferase V (β3GalT5) that converts Gb4 to SSEA3 remain largely unclear. Here we show that the expression of β3GalT5 significantly correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in patients, and the globo-series GSLs in breast cancer cells form a complex in membrane lipid raft with caveolin-1 (CAV1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) which then interact with AKT and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP), respectively. Knockdown of β3GalT5 disrupts the complex and induces apoptosis through dissociation of RIP from the complex to interact with the Fas death domain (FADD) and trigger the Fas-dependent pathway. This finding provides a link between SSEA3/SSEA4/Globo-H and the FAK/CAV1/AKT/RIP complex in tumor progression and apoptosis and suggests a direction for the treatment of breast cancer, as demonstrated by the combined use of antibodies against Globo-H and SSEA4.
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