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Zhu W, Zhang H, Yuan C, Liao Z, Zeng X, Yang Z, Zhou C, Shi Q, Tang D. Association between daily consumption of spicy food and bone mineral density in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38919039 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported the effects of spicy food on human health, but no studies have been conducted on the impact of long-term spicy food consumption on bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to investigate the impact of daily consumption of spicy food on BMD in the population aged 50 years and older. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 in Jiangxi Province, China. This study investigated the differences in BMD between non-consumers and daily spicy food consumers in adults aged 50-85 years. A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the association between spicy food consumption and BMD of the total lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip, as well as biochemical markers of bone metabolism (BMBM) levels. Results: The results showed that daily consumption of spicy food was negatively associated with total LS BMD (β = -0.013, P = 0.015). Subgroup analyses showed this negative association was more pronounced among smokers and drinkers compared to non-smokers (β: -0.006 vs. -0.042; P for interaction <0.05) and non-drinkers (β: -0.004 vs. -0.037; P for interaction <0.05). In addition, according to the daily frequency of spicy food consumption, the daily spicy food consumers were categorized into one meal per day, two meals per day, and three meals per day groups. Further analysis revealed that the negative association between spicy food and total LS BMD was progressively stronger as the frequency of daily consumption of spicy food increased (P for trend <0.05). For BMBM, daily consumption of spicy food was positively associated with serum PINP levels and negatively associated with serum Ca and serum Mg levels. Conclusions: Our study suggested that daily consumption of spicy food was associated with lower LS BMD in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, and this association was more pronounced in the smoking and drinking populations. The adverse effects of spicy food on LS BMD become progressively stronger with increasing frequency of daily consumption of spicy food. In addition, daily consumption of spicy food was associated with higher PINP levels and lower serum Ca and Mg levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Yuan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangyu Liao
- Ganzhou Nankang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zeng
- Ganzhou Nankang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiwu Yang
- Ganzhou Nankang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bhattarai A, Nimmakayala P, Davenport B, Natarajan P, Tonapi K, Kadiyala SS, Lopez-Ortiz C, Ibarra-Muñoz L, Chakrabarti M, Benedito V, Adjeroh DA, Balagurusamy N, Reddy UK. Genetic tapestry of Capsicum fruit colors: a comparative analysis of four cultivated species. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:130. [PMID: 38744692 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association study of color spaces across the four cultivated Capsicum spp. revealed a shared set of genes influencing fruit color, suggesting mechanisms and pathways across Capsicum species are conserved during the speciation. Notably, Cytochrome P450 of the carotenoid pathway, MYB transcription factor, and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein are the major genes responsible for fruit color variation across the Capsicum species. Peppers (Capsicum spp.) rank among the most widely consumed spices globally. Fruit color, serving as a determinant for use in food colorants and cosmeceuticals and an indicator of nutritional contents, significantly influences market quality and price. Cultivated Capsicum species display extensive phenotypic diversity, especially in fruit coloration. Our study leveraged the genetic variance within four Capsicum species (Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum annuum) to elucidate the genetic mechanisms driving color variation in peppers and related Solanaceae species. We analyzed color metrics and chromatic attributes (Red, Green, Blue, L*, a*, b*, Luminosity, Hue, and Chroma) on samples cultivated over six years (2015-2021). We resolved genomic regions associated with fruit color diversity through the sets of SNPs obtained from Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a Multi-Locus Mixed Linear Model (MLMM). Significant SNPs with FDR correction were identified, within the Cytochrome P450, MYB-related genes, Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, and ABC transporter family were the most common among the four species, indicating comparative evolution of fruit colors. We further validated the role of a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (Chr01:31,205,460) and a cytochrome P450 enzyme (Chr08:45,351,919) via competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping. Our findings advance the understanding of the genetic underpinnings of Capsicum fruit coloration, with developed KASP assays holding potential for applications in crop breeding and aligning with consumer preferences. This study provides a cornerstone for future research into exploiting Capsicum's diverse fruit color variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Bhattarai
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA.
| | - Brittany Davenport
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Krittika Tonapi
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Sai Satish Kadiyala
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Lizbeth Ibarra-Muñoz
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 27275, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Manohar Chakrabarti
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Vagner Benedito
- Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Donald A Adjeroh
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 27275, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA.
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3
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de Souza LA, Peñaflor MFGV. Small but strong: herbivory by sap-feeding insect reduces plant progeny growth but enhances direct and indirect anti-herbivore defenses. Oecologia 2024; 205:191-201. [PMID: 38782789 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of resistance traits to herbivores across subsequent generations is an important strategy employed by plants to enhance their fitness in environments with high herbivore pressure. However, our understanding of the impact of maternal herbivory on direct and indirect induced chemical defenses of progeny, as well as the associated costs, is currently limited to herbivory by leaf-chewing insects. In this study, we investigated the transgenerational effects of a sap-feeding insect, the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, on direct and indirect chemical defenses of bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum), and whether the effects entail costs to plant growth. Aphid herbivory on parental plants led to a reduced number of seeds per fruit, which exhibited lower germination rates and produced smaller seedlings compared to those from non-infested parental plants. In contrast, the progeny of aphid-infested plants were less preferred as hosts by aphids and less suitable than the progeny of non-infested plants. This enhanced resistance in the progeny of aphid-infested plants coincided with elevated levels of both constitutive and herbivore-induced total phenolic compounds, compared to the progeny of non-infested plants. Furthermore, the progeny of aphid-infested plants emitted herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were more attractive to the aphid parasitoid Aphidius platensis than those emitted by the progeny of non-infested plants. Our results indicate that herbivory by sap-feeding insect induces transgenerational resistance on progeny bell pepper plants, albeit at the expense of vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Aparecida de Souza
- Department of Entomology, Laboratory of Chemical Ecology of Plant-Insect Interactions, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda G V Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology, Laboratory of Chemical Ecology of Plant-Insect Interactions, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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4
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Palombo NE, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Carrizo García C. Evolutionary relationships, hybridization and diversification under domestication of the locoto chile ( Capsicum pubescens) and its wild relatives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1353991. [PMID: 38463568 PMCID: PMC10924304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Patterns of genetic variation in crops are the result of multiple processes that have occurred during their domestication and improvement, and are influenced by their wild progenitors that often remain understudied. The locoto chile, Capsicum pubescens, is a crop grown mainly in mid-highlands of South-Central America. This species is not known from the wild and exists only as a cultigen. The evolutionary affinities and exact origin of C. pubescens have still not been elucidated, with hypotheses suggesting its genetic relatedness and origin to two wild putative ancestral Capsicum species from the Central Andes, C. eximium and C. cardenasii. In the current study, RAD-sequencing was applied to obtain genome-wide data for 48 individuals of C. pubescens and its wild allies representing different geographical areas. Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and coalescent-based analytical approaches were used to reconstruct population genetic patterns and phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. The results revealed that C. pubescens forms a well-defined monotypic lineage closely related to wild C. cardenasii and C. eximium, and also to C. eshbaughii. The primary lineages associated with the diversification under domestication of C. pubescens were also identified. Although direct ancestor-descendant relationship could not be inferred within this group of taxa, hybridization events were detected between C. pubescens and both C. cardenasii and C. eximium. Therefore, although hybrid origin of C. pubescens could not be inferred, gene flow involving its wild siblings was shown to be an important factor contributing to its contemporary genetic diversity. The data allowed for the inference of the center of origin of C. pubescens in central-western Bolivia highlands and for better understanding of the dynamics of its gene pool. The results of this study are essential for germplasm conservation and breeding purposes, and provide excellent basis for further research of the locoto chile and its wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel E. Palombo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Carrizo García
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Yang Y, Cai Q, Luo L, Sun Z, Li L. Genome-Wide Analysis of C-Repeat Binding Factor Gene Family in Capsicum baccatum and Functional Exploration in Low-Temperature Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38498531 PMCID: PMC10891952 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Capsicum baccatum is a close relative of edible chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) with high economic value. The CBF gene family plays an important role in plant stress resistance physiology. We detected a total of five CBF genes in the C. baccatum genome-wide sequencing data. These genes were scattered irregularly across four chromosomes. The genes were categorized into three groupings according to their evolutionary relationships, with genes in the same category showing comparable principles for motif composition. The 2000 bp upstream of CbCBF contains many resistance-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites. These findings emphasize the crucial functions of these genes in responding to challenging conditions and physiological regulation. Analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed that CbCBF3 exhibited the greatest level of expression among all tissues. Under conditions of low-temperature stress, all CbCBF genes exhibited different levels of responsiveness, with CbCBF3 showing a considerable up-regulation after 0.25 h of cold stress, indicating a high sensitivity to low-temperature response. The importance of the CbCBF3 gene in the cold response of C. baccatum was confirmed by the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, as well as the prediction of its protein interaction network. To summarize, this study conducts a thorough bioinformatics investigation of the CbCBF gene family, showcases the practicality of employing VIGS technology in C. baccatum, and confirms the significance of the CbCBF3 gene in response to low temperatures. These findings provide significant references for future research on the adaptation of C. baccatum to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- College of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Qihang Cai
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Q.C.); (L.L.)
- Yunnan International Joint R&D Center for Intergrated Utilization of Ornamental Grass, International Technological Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultivating of Yunnan Province, South and Southeast Asia Joint R&D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chain of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Poulicard N, Pagán I, González-Jara P, Mora MÁ, Hily JM, Fraile A, Piñero D, García-Arenal F. Repeated loss of the ability of a wild pepper disease resistance gene to function at high temperatures suggests that thermoresistance is a costly trait. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:845-860. [PMID: 37920100 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Specificity in plant-pathogen gene-for-gene (GFG) interactions is determined by the recognition of pathogen proteins by the products of plant resistance (R) genes. The evolutionary dynamics of R genes in plant-virus systems is poorly understood. We analyse the evolution of the L resistance locus to tobamoviruses in the wild pepper Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (chiltepin), a crop relative undergoing incipient domestication. The frequency, and the genetic and phenotypic diversity, of the L locus was analysed in 41 chiltepin populations under different levels of human management over its distribution range in Mexico. The frequency of resistance was lower in Cultivated than in Wild populations. L-locus genetic diversity showed a strong spatial structure with no isolation-by-distance pattern, suggesting environment-specific selection, possibly associated with infection by the highly virulent tobamoviruses found in the surveyed regions. L alleles differed in recognition specificity and in the expression of resistance at different temperatures, broad-spectrum recognition of P0 + P1 pathotypes and expression above 32°C being ancestral traits that were repeatedly lost along L-locus evolution. Overall, loss of resistance co-occurs with incipient domestication and broad-spectrum resistance expressed at high temperatures has apparent fitness costs. These findings contribute to understand the role of fitness trade-offs in plant-virus coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Poulicard
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Jara
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Mora
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Hily
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Fraile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Piñero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Arenal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Koeda S, Noda T, Hachisu S, Kubo A, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto H, Ozaki S, Kinoshita M, Ohno K, Tanaka Y, Tomi K, Kamiyoshihara Y. Expression of alcohol acyltransferase is a potential determinant of fruit volatile ester variations in Capsicum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1745-1756. [PMID: 37642676 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcript level of alcohol acyltransferase 1 (AAT1) may be the main factor influencing the variations in volatile esters that characterizing the fruity/exotic aroma of pepper fruit. Volatile esters are key components for characterizing the fruity/exotic aroma of pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. In general, the volatile ester content in the fruit is the consequence of a delicate balance between their synthesis by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) and degradation by carboxylesterases (CXEs). However, the precise role of these families of enzymes with regard to volatile ester content remains unexplored in Capsicum. In this study, we found that the volatile ester content was relatively low in C. annuum and much higher in C. chinense, particularly in pungent varieties. Additionally, fruits collected from multiple non-pungent C. chinense varieties, which harbor loss-of-function mutations in capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes, acyltransferase (Pun1), putative aminotransferase (pAMT), or putative ketoacyl-ACP reductase (CaKR1) were analyzed. The volatile ester contents of non-pungent C. chinense varieties (pamt/pamt) were equivalent to those of pungent varieties, but their levels were significantly lower in non-pungent NMCA30036 (pun12/pun12) and C. chinense (Cakr1/Cakr1) varieties. Multiple AAT-like sequences were identified from the pepper genome sequences, whereas only one CXE-like sequence was identified. Among these, AAT1, AAT2, and CXE1 were isolated from fruits of C. chinense and C. annuum. Gene expression analysis revealed that the AAT1 transcript level is a potential determinant of fruit volatile ester variations in Capsicum. Furthermore, enzymatic assays demonstrated that AAT1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of volatile esters in pepper fruit. Identification of a key gene for aroma biosynthesis in pepper fruit will provide a theoretical basis for the development of molecular tools for flavor improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Koeda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan.
| | - Tomona Noda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Shinkai Hachisu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Akiha Kubo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Yasuto Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ozaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | | | - Kouki Ohno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tomi
- Japan Society for Scientific Aromatherapy, Tokyo, 164-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamiyoshihara
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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8
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Martínez‐Ainsworth NE, Scheppler H, Moreno‐Letelier A, Bernau V, Kantar MB, Mercer KL, Jardón‐Barbolla L. Fluctuation of ecological niches and geographic range shifts along chile pepper's domestication gradient. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10731. [PMID: 38034338 PMCID: PMC10682905 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestication is an ongoing well-described process. However, while many have studied the changes domestication causes in plant genetics, few have explored its impact on the portion of the geographic landscape in which the plants exist. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand how the process of domestication changed the geographic space suitable for chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) in its center of origin (domestication). C. annuum is a major crop species globally whose center of domestication, Mexico, has been well-studied. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the degree to which ranges of different domestication classes diverged and how these ranges might be altered by climate change. To this end, we created ecological niche models for four domestication classes (wild, semiwild, landrace, modern cultivar) based on present climate and future climate scenarios for 2050, 2070, and 2090. Considering present environment, we found substantial overlap in the geographic niches of all the domestication classes. Yet, environmental and geographic aspects of the current ranges did vary among classes. Wild and commercial varieties could grow in desert conditions, while landraces could not. With projections into the future, habitat was lost asymmetrically, with wild, semiwild, and landraces at greater risk of territorial declines than modern cultivars. Further, we identified areas where future suitability overlap between landraces and wilds is expected to be lost. While range expansion is widely associated with domestication, we found little support of a constant niche expansion (either in environmental or geographical space) throughout the domestication gradient in chile peppers in Mexico. Instead, particular domestication transitions resulted in loss, followed by capturing or recapturing environmental or geographic space. The differences in environmental characterization among domestication gradient classes and their future potential range shifts increase the need for conservation efforts to preserve landraces and semiwild genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Martínez‐Ainsworth
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y HumanidadesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Hannah Scheppler
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Alejandra Moreno‐Letelier
- Jardín Botánico del Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Vivian Bernau
- Plant Introduction Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS), and Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Michael B. Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Hawai'iHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lev Jardón‐Barbolla
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y HumanidadesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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9
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Reynoso-García J, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Narganes-Storde Y, Cano RJ, Toranzos GA. Edible flora in pre-Columbian Caribbean coprolites: Expected and unexpected data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292077. [PMID: 37819893 PMCID: PMC10566737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coprolites, or mummified feces, are valuable sources of information on ancient cultures as they contain ancient DNA (aDNA). In this study, we analyzed ancient plant DNA isolated from coprolites belonging to two pre-Columbian cultures (Huecoid and Saladoid) from Vieques, Puerto Rico, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct diet and lifestyles. We also analyzed DNA sequences of putative phytopathogenic fungi, likely ingested during food consumption, to further support dietary habits. Our findings show that pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures had a diverse diet consisting of maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), peanuts (Arachis spp.), papaya (Carica papaya), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and, very surprisingly cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris). Modelling of putative phytopathogenic fungi and plant interactions confirmed the potential consumption of these plants as well as edible fungi, particularly Ustilago spp., which suggest the consumption of maize and huitlacoche. These findings suggest that a variety of dietary, medicinal, and hallucinogenic plants likely played an important role in ancient human subsistence and societal customs. We compared our results with coprolites found in Mexico and the United States, as well as present-day faeces from Mexico, Peru, and the United States. The results suggest that the diet of pre-Columbian cultures resembled that of present-day hunter-gatherers, while agriculturalists exhibited a transitional state in dietary lifestyles between the pre-Columbian cultures and larger scale farmers and United States individuals. Our study highlights differences in dietary patterns related to human lifestyles and provides insight into the flora present in the pre-Columbian Caribbean area. Importantly, data from ancient fecal specimens demonstrate the importance of ancient DNA studies to better understand pre-Columbian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelissa Reynoso-García
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Raul J. Cano
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Toranzos
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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10
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Hernández Flores JL, Martínez YJ, Ramos López MÁ, Saldaña Gutierrez C, Reyes AA, Armendariz Rosales MM, Cortés Pérez MJ, Mendoza MF, Ramírez Ramírez J, Zavala GR, Tovar Becerra PL, Valdez Santoyo L, Villasana Rodríguez K, Rodríguez Morales JA, Campos Guillén J. Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Kosakonia cowanii Cp1 Isolated from the Seeds of Capsicum pubescens R & P Possess Antifungal Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2491. [PMID: 37894149 PMCID: PMC10609226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kosakonia cowanii Cp1 strain was isolated from seeds of Capsicum pubescens R. & P. cultivated in Michoacan, Mexico. Genetic and ecological role analyses were conducted for better characterization. The results show that genome has a length of 4.7 Mbp with 56.22% G + C and an IncF plasmid of 128 Kbp with 52.51% G + C. Furthermore, pathogenicity test revealed nonpathogenic traits confirmed by the absence of specific virulence-related genes. Interestingly, when fungal inhibitory essays were carried out, the bacterial synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antifungal activity showed that Sclerotinia sp. and Rhizoctonia solani were inhibited by 87.45% and 77.24%, respectively. Meanwhile, Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides demonstrated a mean radial growth inhibition of 52.79%, 40.82%, and 55.40%, respectively. The lowest inhibition was by Fusarium oxysporum, with 10.64%. The VOCs' characterization by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) revealed 65 potential compounds. Some of the compounds identified with high relative abundance were ketones (22.47%), represented by 2-butanone, 3-hydroxy (13.52%), and alcohols (23.5%), represented by ethanol (5.56%) and 1-butanol-3-methyl (4.83%). Our findings revealed, for the first time, that K. cowanii Cp1 associated with C. pubescens seeds possesses potential traits indicating that it could serve as an effective biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yomaiko Javier Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos López
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Carlos Saldaña Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro 76220, Mexico;
| | - Aldo Amaro Reyes
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Mariem Monserrat Armendariz Rosales
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Maraly Jazmin Cortés Pérez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Mayela Fosado Mendoza
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Joanna Ramírez Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Grecia Ramírez Zavala
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Paola Lizeth Tovar Becerra
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Laila Valdez Santoyo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | - Karen Villasana Rodríguez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
| | | | - Juan Campos Guillén
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (Y.J.M.); (M.Á.R.L.); (A.A.R.); (M.M.A.R.); (M.J.C.P.); (M.F.M.); (J.R.R.); (G.R.Z.); (P.L.T.B.); (L.V.S.); (K.V.R.)
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11
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Liu F, Zhao J, Sun H, Xiong C, Sun X, Wang X, Wang Z, Jarret R, Wang J, Tang B, Xu H, Hu B, Suo H, Yang B, Ou L, Li X, Zhou S, Yang S, Liu Z, Yuan F, Pei Z, Ma Y, Dai X, Wu S, Fei Z, Zou X. Genomes of cultivated and wild Capsicum species provide insights into pepper domestication and population differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5487. [PMID: 37679363 PMCID: PMC10484947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the earliest cultivated crops and includes five domesticated species, C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. pubescens. Here, we report a pepper graph pan-genome and a genome variation map of 500 accessions from the five domesticated Capsicum species and close wild relatives. We identify highly differentiated genomic regions among the domesticated peppers that underlie their natural variations in flowering time, characteristic flavors, and unique resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Domestication sweeps detected in C. annuum var. annuum and C. baccatum var. pendulum are mostly different, and the common domestication traits, including fruit size, shape and pungency, are achieved mainly through the selection of distinct genomic regions between these two cultivated species. Introgressions from C. baccatum into C. chinense and C. frutescens are detected, including those providing genetic sources for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiantao Zhao
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Robert Jarret
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingqian Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Suo
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Shudong Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoubing Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenming Pei
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongze Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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12
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Baloghová J, Michalková R, Baranová Z, Mojžišová G, Fedáková Z, Mojžiš J. Spice-Derived Phenolic Compounds: Potential for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6251. [PMID: 37687080 PMCID: PMC10489044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the advancements in targeted therapies, there is still a need for a safer, highly efficient approach to preventing and treating cutaneous malignancies. Spices have a rich history dating back thousands of years and are renowned for their ability to enhance the flavor, taste, and color of food. Derived from various plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, roots, or flowers, spices are important culinary ingredients. However, their value extends beyond the culinary realm. Some spices contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant biological effects. These compounds have attracted attention in scientific research due to their potential health benefits, including their possible role in disease prevention and treatment, such as cancer. This review focuses on examining the potential of spice-derived phenolic compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents for managing skin cancers. By compiling and analyzing the available knowledge, this review aims to provide insights that can guide future research in identifying new anticancer phytochemicals and uncovering additional mechanisms for combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Baloghová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Baranová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Fedáková
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
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13
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Shu Z, Li X, Liu Y. Detection of Chili Foreign Objects Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Chemometric and Target Detection Algorithms. Foods 2023; 12:2618. [PMID: 37444353 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilies undergo multiple stages from field production to reaching consumers, making them susceptible to contamination with foreign materials. Visually similar foreign materials are difficult to detect manually or using color sorting machines, which increases the risk of their presence in the market, potentially affecting consumer health. This paper aims to enhance the detection of visually similar foreign materials in chilies using hyperspectral technology, employing object detection algorithms for fast and accurate identification and localization to ensure food safety. First, the samples were scanned using a hyperspectral camera to obtain hyperspectral image information. Next, a spectral pattern recognition algorithm was used to classify the pixels in the images. Pixels belonging to the same class were assigned the same color, enhancing the visibility of foreign object targets. Finally, an object detection algorithm was employed to recognize the enhanced images and identify the presence of foreign objects. Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and minimum distance classification algorithms were used to enhance the hyperspectral images of the samples. Among them, RF algorithm showed the best performance, achieving an overall recognition accuracy of up to 86% for randomly selected pixel samples. Subsequently, the enhanced targets were identified using object detection algorithms including R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, and YoloV5. YoloV5 exhibited a recognition rate of over 96% for foreign objects, with the shortest detection time of approximately 12 ms. This study demonstrates that the combination of hyperspectral imaging technology, spectral pattern recognition techniques, and object detection algorithms can accurately and rapidly detect challenging foreign objects in chili peppers, including red stones, red plastics, red fabrics, and red paper. It provides a theoretical reference for online batch detection of chili pepper products, which is of significant importance for enhancing the overall quality of chili pepper products. Furthermore, the detection of foreign objects in similar particulate food items also holds reference value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shu
- School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yande Liu
- School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
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14
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Abstract
Plant life defines the environments to which animals adapt and provides the basis of food webs. This was equally true for hunter-gatherer economies of ancestral humans, yet through the domestication of plants and the creation of agricultural ecologies based around them, human societies transformed vegetation and transported plant taxa into new geographical regions. These human-plant interactions ultimately co-evolved, increasing human population densities, technologies of farming, and the diversification of landraces and crop complexes. Research in archaeology on preserved plant remains (archaeobotany) and on the genomes of crops, including ancient genomes, has transformed our scientific understanding of the complex relationships between humans and plants that are entailed by domestication. Key realizations of recent research include the recognition that: the co-evolution of domesticates and cultures was protracted, the adaptations of plant populations were unintended results of human economies rather than intentional breeding, domestication took place in dozens of world regions involving different crops and cultures, and convergent evolution can be recognized among cropping types - such as among seed crops, tuber crops, and fruit trees. Seven general domestication pathways can be defined for plants. Lessons for the present-day include: the importance of diversity in the past; genetic diversity within species has the potential to erode over time, but also to be rescued through processes of integration; similarly, diversification within agricultural ecosystems has undergone processes of decline, including marginalised, lost and 'forgotten' crops, as well as processes of renewal resulting from trade and human mobility that brought varied crops and varieties together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Q Fuller
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL), London, UK; School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tim Denham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robin Allaby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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15
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Ahmed RA, Alam MF, Alshahrani S, Jali AM, Qahl AM, Khalid M, Muzafar HMA, Alhamami HN, Anwer T. Capsaicin Ameliorates the Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Free Radicals Generation, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Apoptotic Pathway in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030786. [PMID: 36983940 PMCID: PMC10056591 DOI: 10.3390/life13030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic agent that has a broad range of therapeutic applications; however, it has numerous side effects, including cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, chili peppers contain a substance called capsaicin, having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, this research paper focuses on the potential mechanism of capsaicin’s cardioprotective activity against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity by measuring the expression of oxidative and inflammatory marker such as interleukins and caspases. The following groups of rats were randomly assigned: only vehicle given for 6 days (control group); cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal on 4th day only (positive control group); capsaicin 10 mg/kg orally given for 6 days followed by cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg on 4th day of treatment; capsaicin 20 mg/kg orally for six days followed by cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg on 4th day of treatment; and maximum amount of capsaicin alone (20 mg/kg) orally for six days. Using ELISA kits, it was found that the cyclophosphamide administration significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, troponin-I (cardiac cell damage marker), lipid peroxidation, triglyceride, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase 3. However, it markedly reduced the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione levels. Both doses of capsaicin could reverse cardiac cell damage markers, as shown by a significant decline in (lactate dehydrogenase and troponin-I). In addition, capsaicin significantly reduced the cytokine levels (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), caspase 3, lipid peroxidation, and triglycerides. However, capsaicin treatment significantly raised the antioxidant content of enzymes such as glutathione and catalase. The capsaicin-treated group restored the oxidative parameter’s imbalance and generated considerable protection against cardiomyocyte harm from cyclophosphamide in male Wistar rats. These protective effects might be beneficial against the negative impacts of cyclophosphamide when used to treat cancer and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.A.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed M. Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Qahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham M. A. Muzafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain N. Alhamami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Vega M, Quintero-Corrales C, Mastretta-Yanes A, Casas A, López-Hilario V, Wegier A. Multiple domestication events explain the origin of Gossypium hirsutum landraces in Mexico. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9838. [PMID: 36911302 PMCID: PMC9994486 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Mesoamerican crops constitute wild-to-domesticated complexes generated by multiple initial domestication events, and continuous gene flow among crop populations and between these populations and their wild relatives. It has been suggested that the domestication of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) started in the northwest of the Yucatán Peninsula, from where it spread to other regions inside and outside of Mexico. We tested this hypothesis by assembling chloroplast genomes of 23 wild, landraces, and breeding lines (transgene-introgressed and conventional). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary history of cotton in Mexico involves multiple events of introgression and genetic divergence. From this, we conclude that Mexican landraces arose from multiple wild populations. Our results also revealed that their structural and functional chloroplast organizations had been preserved. However, genetic diversity decreases as a consequence of domestication, mainly in transgene-introgressed (TI) individuals (π = 0.00020, 0.00001, 0.00016, 0, and 0, of wild, TI-wild, landraces, TI-landraces, and breeding lines, respectively). We identified homologous regions that differentiate wild from domesticated plants and indicate a relationship among the samples. A decrease in genetic diversity associated with transgene introgression in cotton was identified for the first time, and our outcomes are therefore relevant to both biosecurity and agrobiodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Vega
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Christian Quintero-Corrales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico.,Departamento de Botánica Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Ciudad de México Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Programa de Investigadores e Investigadoras por México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico
| | | | - Ana Wegier
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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17
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McCoy J, Martínez-Ainsworth N, Bernau V, Scheppler H, Hedblom G, Adhikari A, McCormick A, Kantar M, McHale L, Jardón-Barbolla L, Mercer KL, Baumler D. Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:20. [PMID: 36841789 PMCID: PMC9960466 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peppers, bell and chile, are a culturally and economically important worldwide. Domesticated Capsicum spp. are distributed globally and represent a complex of valuable genetic resources. OBJECTIVES Explore population structure and diversity in a collection of 467 peppers representing eight species, spanning the spectrum from highly domesticated to wild using 22,916 SNP markers distributed across the twelve chromosomes of pepper. RESULTS These species contained varied levels of genetic diversity, which also varied across chromosomes; the species also differ in the size of genetic bottlenecks they have experienced. We found that levels of diversity negatively correlate to levels of domestication, with the more diverse being the least domesticated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack McCoy
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Natalia Martínez-Ainsworth
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias Y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vivian Bernau
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312North Central Region Plant Introduction Station, Agriculture Research Service, United States, Department of Agriculture and Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Hannah Scheppler
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Grant Hedblom
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Achuyt Adhikari
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Anna McCormick
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Michael Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Leah McHale
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Lev Jardón-Barbolla
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias Y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - David Baumler
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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18
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Ao Z, Huang Z, Liu H. Spicy Food and Chili Peppers and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200167. [PMID: 36111960 PMCID: PMC10078540 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spicy foods and chili peppers contain the primary ingredient capsaicin, which has potential health benefits. However, their efficacy in some health outcomes is also fiercely disputed, and some side effects have been confirmed. To assess the quality and strength of the associations between spicy food and chili pepper consumption and different health outcomes. An umbrella review is performed in humans. Eleven systematic reviews and meta-analyses with a total of 27 findings are identified. The health effect of consuming spicy food and chili peppers is unclear. Furthermore, the characteristics and context of different world regions and populations should be carefully considered. Direct correlations exist in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and gallbladder cancer. However, negative connections are reported in metabolism, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. Dose-response analysis reveals a significant nonlinear relationship between gastric cancer risk and capsaicin intake. The consumption of spicy foods and chili peppers is typically safe. However, high-quality proof is available to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongyue Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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19
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Silvar C, Rocha F, Barata AM. Tracing Back the History of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum) in the Iberian Peninsula from a Phenomics Point of View. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3075. [PMID: 36432804 PMCID: PMC9699223 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Iberian Peninsula was the place where pepper (Capsicum annuum) entered Europe and dispersed to other continents but was also an important secondary center for its diversification. The current work evaluated the phenotypic diversity existing in this region and investigated how that evolved from Capsicum native areas (Mexico and Andean Region). For that purpose, the high-throughput phenotyping tool Tomato Analyzer was employed. Descriptors related to size and shape were the most distinctive among fruit types, reflecting a broad diversity for Iberian peppers. These traits likely reflected those suffering from more intensive human selections, driving the worldwide expansion of C. annuum. Iberian peppers maintained close proximity to the American accessions in terms of fruit phenomics. The highest similarities were observed for those coming from the southeastern edge of the Peninsula, while northwestern accessions displayed more significant differences. Common fruit traits (small, conical) suggested that Portuguese and Spanish landraces may have arisen from an ancient American population that entered the south of Spain and promptly migrated to the central and northern territories, giving rise to larger, elongated, and blocky pods. Such lineages would be the result of adaptations to local soil-climate factors prevailing in different biogeographic provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Silvar
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Filomena Rocha
- Banco Portugues de Germoplasma Vegetal (BPGV), Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agraria e Veterinaria (INIAV), 4700-859 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Barata
- Banco Portugues de Germoplasma Vegetal (BPGV), Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agraria e Veterinaria (INIAV), 4700-859 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Serrano-Mejía C, Bello-Bedoy R, Arteaga MC, Castillo GR. Does Domestication Affect Structural and Functional Leaf Epidermal Traits? A Comparison between Wild and Cultivated Mexican Chili Peppers ( Capsicum annuum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3062. [PMID: 36432791 PMCID: PMC9692241 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During domestication, lineages diverge phenotypically and genetically from wild relatives, particularly in preferred traits. In addition to evolutionary divergence in selected traits, other fitness-related traits that are unselected may change in concert. For instance, the selection of chili pepper fruits was not intended to change the structure and function of the leaf epidermis. Leaf stomata and trichome densities play a prominent role in regulating stomatal conductance and resistance to herbivores. Here, we assessed whether domestication affected leaf epidermis structure and function in Capsicum annuum. To do this, we compared leaf stomata and trichome densities in six cultivated varieties of Mexican Capsicum annuum and their wild relative. We measured stomatal conductance and resistance to herbivores. Resistance to (defense against) herbivores was measured as variation in the herbivory rate and larvae mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda fed with leaves of wild and cultivated plants. As expected, the different varieties displayed low divergence in stomatal density and conductance. Leaf trichome density was higher in the wild relative, but variation was not correlated with the herbivory rate. In contrast, a higher mortality rate of S. frugiperda larvae was recorded when fed with the wild relative and two varieties than larvae fed with four other varieties. Overall, although domestication did not aim at resistance to herbivores, this evolutionary process produced concerted changes in defensive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Serrano-Mejía
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, C.P. Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bello-Bedoy
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, C.P. Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
| | - María Clara Arteaga
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Guillermo R. Castillo
- Facultad de Negocios Sostenibles, Universidad del Medio Ambiente, San Mateo Acatitlán, Valle de Bravo 51200, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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21
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Carrizo García C, Barboza GE, Palombo N, Weiss-Schneeweiss H. Diversification of chiles ( Capsicum, Solanaceae) through time and space: New insights from genome-wide RAD-seq data. Front Genet 2022; 13:1030536. [PMID: 36330443 PMCID: PMC9622771 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum L. encompasses 43 American species, including the five domesticated worldwide consumed sweet and hot chiles. This study presents new, updated and age-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis on the genus evolution incorporating nearly all currently accepted Capsicum species. A new model of spatial diversification of Capsicum is proposed based on analyses of several thousands of genome-wide RAD-seq derived SNPs. Maximum likelihood approaches were used to reconstruct phylogenies and to estimate dates of all major splits. Ancestral ranges were inferred and diversification events were modeled in a time frame using a Bayesian approach. Nine clades corresponding to genetically and (mostly) geographically well-defined lineages, which diversified starting around mid-upper Miocene, were recovered with strong support. The Northern and Central Andes were inferred to represent the most likely ancestral range of the genus Capsicum. A few early vicariant and dispersal events were estimated to have driven the geographic divergence of the main Capsicum clades. Each lineage was inferred to have diversified within a distinct region of South America and expanded geographically to different extent. Extant species diversification was inferred to have begun at the beginning of Pliocene and continued through the Pleistocene. The Central Andes, represented mainly by the territory of present-day Bolivia, were proposed to play a central role in the diversification of lineages comprising domesticated capsicums and their wild allies. The genome-wide approach allowed for high resolution and support of deep phylogenetic nodes providing novel insights into the affinities of major lineages and clades as well as on the geographic expansion of Capsicum. This study provides the first dated evolutionary history of the genus encompassing most of the chile species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrizo García
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology, Cordoba, Argentina
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nahuel Palombo
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology, Cordoba, Argentina
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22
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Viromes of 15 Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810507. [PMID: 36142418 PMCID: PMC9504177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants produce berry fruits that are used as spices. Here, we examined the viromes of 15 pepper cultivars through RNA sequencing. We obtained 1,325 virus-associated contigs derived from 8 virus species. Bean broad wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were identified as the major viruses infecting pepper plants, followed by potato virus Y, bell pepper endornavirus, and hot pepper endornavirus. The proportion of viral reads in each transcriptome ranged from 0.04% to 24.5%. BBWV2 was the dominant virus in seven cultivars, whereas CMV was dominant in five cultivars. All the bell pepper cultivars showed severe viral disease symptoms, whereas the commercially developed hot pepper cultivars were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms. In addition, 111 complete viral segments were obtained from 7 viruses. Based on the obtained viral genomes, the genetic relationship between the identified viruses and quasispecies of BBWV2 and CMV in each pepper plant was determined. Newly designed primers for nine viruses confirmed the results of RNA sequencing. Taken together, this study, for the first time, provides a comprehensive overview of viromes in 15 major pepper cultivars through RNA sequencing.
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23
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Lopez-Ortiz C, Edwards M, Natarajan P, Pacheco-Valenciana A, Nimmakayala P, Adjeroh DA, Sirbu C, Reddy UK. Peppers in Diet: Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Metabolome Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179924. [PMID: 36077322 PMCID: PMC9455967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is an increasingly important spice and vegetable crop worldwide because of its high capsaicin content and pungent flavor. Diets supplemented with the phytochemicals found in habanero peppers might cause shifts in an organism’s metabolism and gene expression. Thus, understanding how these interactions occur can reveal the potential health effects associated with such changes. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster adult flies reared on a habanero pepper diet. We found 539 genes/59 metabolites that were differentially expressed/accumulated in flies fed a pepper versus control diet. Transcriptome results indicated that olfactory sensitivity and behavioral responses to the pepper diet were mediated by olfactory and nutrient-related genes including gustatory receptors (Gr63a, Gr66a, and Gr89a), odorant receptors (Or23a, Or59a, Or82a, and Orco), and odorant-binding proteins (Obp28a, Obp83a, Obp83b, Obp93a, and Obp99a). Metabolome analysis revealed that campesterol, sitosterol, and sucrose were highly upregulated and azelaic acid, ethyl phosphoric acid, and citric acid were the major metabolites downregulated in response to the habanero pepper diet. Further investigation by integration analysis between transcriptome and metabolome data at gene pathway levels revealed six unique enriched pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism; insect hormone biosynthesis; pyrimidine metabolism; glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, threonine metabolism; and glycerolipid metabolism. In view of the transcriptome and metabolome findings, our comprehensive analysis of the response to a pepper diet in Drosophila have implications for exploring the molecular mechanism of pepper consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Mary Edwards
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Armando Pacheco-Valenciana
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Donald A. Adjeroh
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Cristian Sirbu
- Charleston Area Medical Center, Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston Division, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Silva-Valenzuela M, Rojas-Martínez RI, Zúñiga-Mayo VM. Chili Pepper Jojutla Morelos ( Capsicum annuum L.), CJ-2018: A Variety Resistant to Bactericera cockerelli. INSECTS 2022; 13:742. [PMID: 36005367 PMCID: PMC9409313 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chili pepper is a vegetable of worldwide economic and gastronomic importance. The psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is an economically important pest in this crop, causing considerable losses in its production. Currently, the application of insecticides is the main way to control B. cockerelli. However, the use of varieties resistant to this insect is a viable alternative for its control and management. In this work, the oviposition rate, development, and survival of B. cockerelli in two native varieties of chili were evaluated. Choice and non-choice trials showed that the B. cockerelli oviposition was reduced on CJ-2018 by 92.17 and 80.18%, respectively, compared to the control. In CM-334, the insect showed a behavior similar to the control in the non-choice test, while in the choice test it laid more eggs on CM-334 compared to the control. The development and survival assay showed that only 1.33% of the eggs managed to reach the adult stage on CJ-2018. In contrast, on CM-334 the survival of B. cockerelli was similar to the control. These results suggest that CJ-2018 presented a resistance based on antixenosis and antibiosis against B. cockerelli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Silva-Valenzuela
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Reyna Isabel Rojas-Martínez
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Zúñiga-Mayo
- CONACyT, Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
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25
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Shiragaki K, Seko S, Yokoi S, Tezuka T. Capsicum annuum with causal allele of hybrid weakness is prevalent in Asia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271091. [PMID: 35802562 PMCID: PMC9269386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation, including hybrid weakness, plays an important role in the formation of species. Hybrid weakness in Capsicum, the cessation of plant growth, is caused by two complementary dominant genes, A from C. chinense or C. frutescens and B from C. annuum. In the present study, we surveyed whether 94 C. annuum accessions had B or b alleles by crossing with C. chinense having the A allele. Of the 94 C. annuum accessions, five had the B allele, three of which were native to Latin America and two were native to Asia. When combined with previous studies, the percentage of B carriers was 41% in Japan, 13% in Asia excluding Japan, 6% in Latin America, and 0% in Europe and Africa. In addition, 48 accessions of C. annuum from various countries were subjected to SSR analysis. Clades with high percentages of B-carriers were formed in the phylogenetic trees. In the principal coordinate analysis, most B-carriers were localized in a single group, although the group also included b-carriers. Based on these results, we presumed that the B allele was acquired in some C. annuum lines in Latin America, and B-carriers were introduced to the world during the Age of Discovery, as along with the b-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Shiragaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shonosuke Seko
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Yokoi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Education and Research Field, School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Research Center for the 21st Century, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tezuka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Education and Research Field, School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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de Souza LA, Souza B, Vasconcelos Pereira R, Morales MN, G. V. Peñaflor MF. Leaf beetle herbivory shapes the subsequent flower-visiting insect community and impacts plant reproduction. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2022.2043004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brígida Souza
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
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27
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Pérez-Martínez AL, Eguiarte LE, Mercer KL, Martínez-Ainsworth NE, McHale L, van der Knaap E, Jardón-Barbolla L. Genetic diversity, gene flow, and differentiation among wild, semiwild, and landrace chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) populations in Oaxaca, Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1157-1176. [PMID: 35694731 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) was originally domesticated in Mexico, where wild (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and cultivated (C. annuum var. annuum) chile pepper populations (>60 landraces) are common, and wild-resembling individuals (hereafter semiwild) grow spontaneously in anthropogenic environments. Here we analyze the role of elevation and domestication gradients in shaping the genetic diversity in C. annuum from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. METHODS We collected samples of 341 individuals from 28 populations, corresponding to wild, semiwild (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and cultivated C. annuum, and closely related species Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense. From the genetic variation of 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, we assessed the population genetic structure, inbreeding, and gene flow through variance distribution analyses, genetic clustering, and connectivity estimations. RESULTS Genetic diversity (HE ) did not differ across domestication levels. However, inbreeding coefficients were higher in semiwild and cultivated chiles than in wild populations. We found evidence for gene flow between wild populations and cultivated landraces along the coast. Genetic structure analysis revealed strong differentiation between most highland and lowland landraces. CONCLUSIONS Gene flow between wild and domesticated populations may be mediated by backyards and smallholder farms, while mating systems may facilitate gene flow between landraces and semiwild populations. Domestication and elevation may overlap in their influence on genetic differentiation. Lowland Gui'ña dani clustered with highland landraces perhaps due to the social history of the Zapotec peoples. In situ conservation may play an important role in preserving semiwild populations and private alleles found in landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Pérez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torre II de Humanidades 4°, 5° y 6° pisos, Circuito Interior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior s/n anexo al Jardín Botánico. C.P. 04510. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Natalia E Martínez-Ainsworth
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torre II de Humanidades 4°, 5° y 6° pisos, Circuito Interior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leah McHale
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lev Jardón-Barbolla
- Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torre II de Humanidades 4°, 5° y 6° pisos, Circuito Interior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Barboza GE, García CC, Bianchetti LDB, Romero MV, Scaldaferro M. Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers ( Capsicum L., Solanaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2022; 200:1-423. [PMID: 36762372 PMCID: PMC9881532 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum L. (tribe Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an American genus distributed ranging from the southern United States of America to central Argentina and Brazil. The genus includes chili peppers, bell peppers, ajíes, habaneros, jalapeños, ulupicas and pimientos, well known for their economic importance around the globe. Within the Solanaceae, the genus can be recognised by its shrubby habit, actinomorphic flowers, distinctive truncate calyx with or without appendages, anthers opening by longitudinal slits, nectaries at the base of the ovary and the variously coloured and usually pungent fruits. The highest diversity of this genus is located along the northern and central Andes. Although Capsicum has been extensively studied and great advances have been made in the understanding of its taxonomy and the relationships amongst species, there is no monographic treatment of the genus as a whole. Based on morphological and molecular evidence studied from field and herbarium specimens, we present here a comprehensive taxonomic treatment for the genus, including updated information about morphology, anatomy, karyology, phylogeny and distribution. We recognise 43 species and five varieties, including C.mirum Barboza, sp. nov. from São Paulo State, Brazil and a new combination C.muticum (Sendtn.) Barboza, comb. nov.; five of these taxa are cultivated worldwide (C.annuumL.var.annuum, C.baccatumL.var.pendulum (Willd.) Eshbaugh, C.baccatumL.var.umbilicatum (Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, C.chinense Jacq. and C.frutescens L.). Nomenclatural revision of the 265 names attributed to chili peppers resulted in 89 new lectotypifications and five new neotypifications. Identification keys and detailed descriptions, maps and illustrations for all taxa are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E. Barboza
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, ArgentinaInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalCórdobaArgentina
| | - Carolina Carrizo García
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, ArgentinaInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalCórdobaArgentina
| | - Luciano de Bem Bianchetti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária—Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA—Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W/5 final, Brasília-DF, CEP 70770–917, Caixa Postal 02372, BrazilCentro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e BiotecnologiaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - María V. Romero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, ArgentinaInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalCórdobaArgentina
| | - Marisel Scaldaferro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, ArgentinaInstituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalCórdobaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
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Beneficial effects of dietary capsaicin in gastrointestinal health and disease. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Much has been written about the multifaceted significance of food and eating from an anthropological perspective; the same can be said about the role of food in collective identity construction and nation building. In contrast, the nexus of food, memory, psychological trauma, and disordered eating has been less explored. The aim of this interdisciplinary article is to synthesize available knowledge on this topic by engaging with research literature in fields such as food history, anthropology, sociology, and psychiatry as well as autobiographical works, cookbooks, etc. One main section of the article focuses on the role of food and cooking in exile and refuge. Another section deals with the role of food in the aftermath of historical trauma, whereas a final section discusses various works on disordered eating in the wake of traumatic experiences. In sum, the dual nature of food and cooking-at once concrete and abstract, material and symbolic-offers an arena in which ambivalent memories of trauma can take on tangible form. The concept of postmemory may be useful in understanding how food and cooking can function both as a vehicle and as a remedy for intergenerational trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Strand
- Transcultural Centre, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 4, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Turner NJ, Cuerrier A, Joseph L. Well grounded: Indigenous Peoples' knowledge, ethnobiology and sustainability. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J. Turner
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
- Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Leigh Joseph
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
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Wan H, Chen XY, Zhang F, Chen J, Chu F, Sellers ZM, Xu F, Dong H. Capsaicin inhibits intestinal Cl - secretion and promotes Na + absorption by blocking TRPV4 channels in healthy and colitic mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101847. [PMID: 35314195 PMCID: PMC9035713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although capsaicin has been studied extensively as an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels in sensory neurons, little is known about its TRPV1-independent actions in gastrointestinal health and disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological actions of capsaicin as a food additive and medication on intestinal ion transporters in mouse models of ulcerative colitis (UC). The short-circuit current (Isc) of the intestine from WT, TRPV1-, and TRPV4-KO mice were measured in Ussing chambers, and Ca2+ imaging was performed on small intestinal epithelial cells. We also performed Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence on intestinal epithelial cells and on intestinal tissues following UC induction with dextran sodium sulfate. We found that capsaicin did not affect basal intestinal Isc but significantly inhibited carbachol- and caffeine-induced intestinal Isc in WT mice. Capsaicin similarly inhibited the intestinal Isc in TRPV1 KO mice, but this inhibition was absent in TRPV4 KO mice. We also determined that Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 was required for cholinergic signaling–mediated intestinal anion secretion, which was inhibited by capsaicin. Moreover, the glucose-induced jejunal Iscvia Na+/glucose cotransporter was suppressed by TRPV4 activation, which could be relieved by capsaicin. Capsaicin also stimulated ouabain- and amiloride-sensitive colonic Isc. Finally, we found that dietary capsaicin ameliorated the UC phenotype, suppressed hyperaction of TRPV4 channels, and rescued the reduced ouabain- and amiloride-sensitive Isc. We therefore conclude that capsaicin inhibits intestinal Cl- secretion and promotes Na+ absorption predominantly by blocking TRPV4 channels to exert its beneficial anti-colitic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxing Wan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiong Ying Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Fenglan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zachary M Sellers
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Kaur M, Verma BR, Zhou L, Lak HM, Kaur S, Sammour YM, Kapadia SR, Grimm RA, Griffin BP, Xu B. Association of pepper intake with all-cause and specific cause mortality - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 9:100301. [PMID: 34977833 PMCID: PMC8688560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to compare mortality and other clinical outcomes associated with chili pepper (CP) consumption versus no/rare consumption of CP. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using Ovid, Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception till January 16, 2020. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included, while pediatric/animal studies, letters/case reports, reviews, abstracts, and book chapters were excluded. All-cause mortality was studied as the primary outcome. Cardiovascular mortality, cancer-related deaths and cerebrovascular accidents were studied as secondary outcomes. RESULTS From 4729 studies, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Random effects pooled analysis showed that all-cause mortality among CP consumers was lower, compared to rare/non-consumers, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.87 [95% CI: 0.85-0.90; p<0.0001; I 2=1%]. HR for cardiovascular mortality was 0.83 [95% CI: 0.74-0.95; p = 0.005, I 2=66%] and for cancer-related mortality as 0.92 [95% CI: 0.87-0.97; p = 0.001; I 2=0%]. However, the HR for CVA was 0.78 [95% CI: 0.56-1.09; p = 0.26; I2 =60%]. The mode and amount of CP consumption varied across the studies, and data were insufficient to design an optimal strategy guiding its intake. CONCLUSION Regular CP consumption was associated with significantly lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortalities. However, based on current literature, it is difficult to derive a standardized approach to guide the optimal mode and amount of CP consumption. This warrants well-designed prospective studies to further investigate the potential health benefits of CP consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Beni R Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Leon Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | | | - Simrat Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Yasser M Sammour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, 64110
| | - Samir R Kapadia
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Richard A Grimm
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Brian P Griffin
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Bo Xu
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195
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Salinier J, Lefebvre V, Besombes D, Burck H, Causse M, Daunay MC, Dogimont C, Goussopoulos J, Gros C, Maisonneuve B, McLeod L, Tobal F, Stevens R. The INRAE Centre for Vegetable Germplasm: Geographically and Phenotypically Diverse Collections and Their Use in Genetics and Plant Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030347. [PMID: 35161327 PMCID: PMC8838894 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) conserves and distributes five vegetable collections as seeds: the aubergine* (in this article the word aubergine refers to eggplant), pepper, tomato, melon and lettuce collections, together with their wild or cultivated relatives, are conserved in Avignon, France. Accessions from the collections have geographically diverse origins, are generally well-described and fixed for traits of agronomic or scientific interest and have available passport data. In addition to currently conserving over 10,000 accessions (between 900 and 3000 accessions per crop), the centre maintains scientific collections such as core collections and bi- or multi-parental populations, which have also been genotyped with SNP markers. Each collection has its own merits and highlights, which are discussed in this review: the aubergine collection is a rich source of crop wild relatives of Solanum; the pepper, melon and lettuce collections have been screened for resistance to plant pathogens, including viruses, fungi, oomycetes and insects; and the tomato collection has been at the heart of genome-wide association studies for fruit quality traits and environmental stress tolerance.
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35
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Capsaicin and TRPV1 Channels in the Cardiovascular System: The Role of Inflammation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010018. [PMID: 35011580 PMCID: PMC8750852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a potent agonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel and is a common component found in the fruits of the genus Capsicum plants, which have been known to humanity and consumed in food for approximately 7000-9000 years. The fruits of Capsicum plants, such as chili pepper, have been long recognized for their high nutritional value. Additionally, capsaicin itself has been proposed to exhibit vasodilatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and antinociceptive properties. However, a growing body of evidence reveals a vasoconstrictory potential of capsaicin acting via the vascular TRPV1 channel and suggests that unnecessary high consumption of capsaicin may cause severe consequences, including vasospasm and myocardial infarction in people with underlying inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on vascular TRPV1 channels that are endogenously expressed in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells and emphasizes the role of inflammation in sensitizing the TRPV1 channel to capsaicin activation. Tilting the balance between the beneficial vasodilatory action of capsaicin and its unwanted vasoconstrictive effects may precipitate adverse outcomes such as vasospasm and myocardial infarction, especially in the presence of proinflammatory mediators.
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Allaby RG, Stevens CJ, Kistler L, Fuller DQ. Emerging evidence of plant domestication as a landscape-level process. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 37:268-279. [PMID: 34863580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The evidence from ancient crops over the past decade challenges some of our most basic assumptions about the process of domestication. The emergence of crops has been viewed as a technologically progressive process in which single or multiple localized populations adapt to human environments in response to cultivation. By contrast, new genetic and archaeological evidence reveals a slow process that involved large populations over wide areas with unexpectedly sustained cultural connections in deep time. We review evidence that calls for a new landscape framework of crop origins. Evolutionary processes operate across vast distances of landscape and time, and the origins of domesticates are complex. The domestication bottleneck is a redundant concept and the progressive nature of domestication is in doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Allaby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Chris J Stevens
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL), London, UK; School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China; McDonald Institute of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Logan Kistler
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dorian Q Fuller
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL), London, UK; School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Turner NJ, Geralda Armstrong C, Lepofsky D. Adopting a Root: Documenting Ecological and Cultural Signatures of Plant Translocations in Northwestern North America. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J. Turner
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Canada
| | | | - Dana Lepofsky
- Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Canada
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38
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Zhang L, Lu W, Lu C, Guo Y, Chen X, Chen J, Xu F, Wan H, Dong H. Beneficial effect of capsaicin via TRPV4/EDH signals on mesenteric arterioles of normal and colitis mice. J Adv Res 2021; 39:291-303. [PMID: 35777913 PMCID: PMC9263647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation of human colonic submucosal arterioles in vitro and in vitro. Capsaicin induced an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles. Capsaicin induced an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse mesenteric arterioles. Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation minily by TRPV1-mediated endothelial nitric oxide release. Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation mainly by TRPV4/endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Capsaicin exerted anti-colitis action in wide-type mice, but not in TRPV4 knock-out mice. Capsaicin rescued the impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation via TRPV4/EDH pathway.
Introduction Although capsaicin has long been used as food additive and medication worldwide, its actions on gastrointestinal tract as its most delivery pathway have not been well addressed. Objectives In the present study, we aimed to study GI actions of capsaicin on mesenteric arterioles in normal and colitis mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles and the mesenteric arterioles from wide-type (WT) mice, TRPV1−/− and TRPV4−/− (KO) mice were measured. The expression and function of TRPV channels in endothelial cells were examined by q-PCR, immunostaining, Ca2+ imaging and membrane potential measurements. Results Capsaicin dose-dependently induced vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles and mouse mesenteric arterioles in vitro and in vivo through endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin (PGI2). Using TRPV1 and TRPV4 KO mice, we found that capsaicin-induced vasorelaxation was predominately through TRPV4/EDH, but marginally through TRPV1/NO/PGI2. Capsaicin induced hyperpolarization through activation of endothelial TRPV4 channels and intermediate-conductance of Ca2+-activated K+ channels to finally stimulate vasorelaxation. Importantly, capsaicin exerted anti-colitis action by rescuing the impaired ACh-induced vasorelaxation in WT colitis mice but not in TRPV4 KO colitis mice. Conclusions Capsaicin increases intestinal mucosal blood perfusion to potentially prevent/treat colitis through a novel TRPV4/EDH-dependent vasorelaxation of submucosal arterioles in health and colitis. This study further supports our previous notion that TRPV4/EDH in mesenteric circulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of colitis.
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Fernández DC, VanLaerhoven SL, Labbé R. Host utilization by the pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii): suitability, preference and offspring performance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4719-4729. [PMID: 34138509 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host plant selection is a key factor affecting the survival, population establishment, and spread of herbivorous insect pests. The pepper weevil is one of the most important pests of cultivated pepper in North America with a capacity to rapidly expand its geographic range, in part through its ability to switch between cultivated and wild Solanaceous host plants. Towards a better management of this pest, this study examined metrics of pepper weevil host use including oviposition preference, development time, and successful offspring emergence on wild Solanaceous species and cultivated pepper cultivars. RESULTS Pepper weevil successfully developed within fruit of several Solanaceous species including eastern black (Solanum ptycanthum) and climbing nightshade (S. dulcamara), in which development time was on average 4 days faster relative to Capsicum annuum cv. jalapeno peppers. Oviposition events occurred in all fruit types assessed and no strong host preference was detected among these. However, the number of emerged offspring was significantly lower than the number of oviposition events in C. chinense cv. habanero pepper fruit. CONCLUSION Although not all nightshade species are suitable hosts for pepper weevil development, those permissive to offspring production do allow for faster development than in C. annuum peppers. While host preference was not detected among fruit types tested, low offspring emergence from fruit with high capsaicin content suggests a reduced ability of pepper weevil to tolerate high concentrations of this metabolite. These findings help elucidate the factors influencing pepper weevil bionomics, and their implications on pepper weevil management are discussed. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Catalina Fernández
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roselyne Labbé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON, Canada
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Global range expansion history of pepper ( Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104315118. [PMID: 34400501 PMCID: PMC8403938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104315118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a deep population genomic analysis of 10,000 Capsicum accessions held in genebanks and representing a frame of the global diversity of the genus. By combining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based data and passport information, we investigated the genomic diversity and population structure of wild and domesticated peppers, tracing back to routes of evolution and providing a model of Capsicum annuum distribution, which reflects human trade and historical/cultural influences. Our results highlight west–east routes of expansion, shedding light on the links between South and Mesoamerica, Africa, and East/South Asia, the latter two constituting important diversification centers of pepper diversity. Finally, we outline a roadmap for genebank management and future direction for better exploitation of germplasm resources. Genebanks collect and preserve vast collections of plants and detailed passport information, with the aim of preserving genetic diversity for conservation and breeding. Genetic characterization of such collections has the potential to elucidate the genetic histories of important crops, use marker–trait associations to identify loci controlling traits of interest, search for loci undergoing selection, and contribute to genebank management by identifying taxonomic misassignments and duplicates. We conducted a genomic scan with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10,038 pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions from worldwide genebanks and investigated the recent history of this iconic staple. Genomic data detected up to 1,618 duplicate accessions within and between genebanks and showed that taxonomic ambiguity and misclassification often involve interspecific hybrids that are difficult to classify morphologically. We deeply interrogated the genetic diversity of the commonly consumed Capsicum annuum to investigate its history, finding that the kinds of peppers collected in broad regions across the globe overlap considerably. The method ReMIXTURE—using genetic data to quantify the similarity between the complement of peppers from a focal region and those from other regions—was developed to supplement traditional population genetic analyses. The results reflect a vision of pepper as a highly desirable and tradable cultural commodity, spreading rapidly throughout the globe along major maritime and terrestrial trade routes. Marker associations and possible selective sweeps affecting traits such as pungency were observed, and these traits were shown to be distributed nonuniformly across the globe, suggesting that human preferences exerted a primary influence over domesticated pepper genetic structure.
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Suarez DL, Celis N, Ferreira JFS, Reynolds T, Sandhu D. Linking genetic determinants with salinity tolerance and ion relationships in eggplant, tomato and pepper. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16298. [PMID: 34381090 PMCID: PMC8357798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Solanaceae family includes commercially important vegetable crops characterized by their relative sensitivity to salinity. Evaluation of 8 eggplant (Solanum melongena), 7 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and 8 pepper (Capsicum spp.) heirloom cultivars from different geographic regions revealed significant variation in salt tolerance. Relative fruit yield under salt treatment varied from 52 to 114% for eggplant, 56 to 84% for tomato, and 52 to 99% for pepper. Cultivars from all three crops, except Habanero peppers, restricted Na transport from roots to shoots under salinity. The high salt tolerance level showed a strong association with low leaf Na concentration. Additionally, the leaf K-salinity/K-control ratio was critical in determining the salinity tolerance of a genotype. Differences in relative yield under salinity were regulated by several component traits, which was consistent with the gene expression of relevant genes. Gene expression analyses using 12 genes associated with salt tolerance showed that, for eggplant and pepper, Na+ exclusion was a vital component trait, while sequestration of Na+ into vacuoles was critical for tomato plants. The high variability for salt tolerance found in heirloom cultivars helped characterize genotypes based on component traits of salt tolerance and will enable breeders to increase the salt tolerance of Solanaceae cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Suarez
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Nydia Celis
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Jorge F S Ferreira
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Trevor Reynolds
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
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There is little evidence that spicy food in hot countries is an adaptation to reducing infection risk. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:878-891. [PMID: 33542529 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Spicier food in hot countries has been explained in terms of natural selection on human cultures, with spices with antimicrobial effects considered to be an adaptation to increased risk of foodborne infection. However, correlations between culture and environment are difficult to interpret, because many cultural traits are inherited together from shared ancestors, neighbouring cultures are exposed to similar conditions, and many cultural and environmental variables show strong covariation. Here, using a global dataset of 33,750 recipes from 70 cuisines containing 93 different spices, we demonstrate that variation in spice use is not explained by temperature and that spice use cannot be accounted for by diversity of cultures, plants, crops or naturally occurring spices. Patterns of spice use are not consistent with an infection-mitigation mechanism, but are part of a broader association between spice, health, and poverty. This study highlights the challenges inherent in interpreting patterns of human cultural variation in terms of evolutionary pressures.
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Devendran R, Kumar M, Ghosh D, Yogindran S, Karim MJ, Chakraborty S. Capsicum-infecting begomoviruses as global pathogens: host-virus interplay, pathogenesis, and management. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:170-184. [PMID: 34215487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses are among the major threats to the cultivation of Capsicum spp. (Family: Solanaceae) worldwide. Capsicum-infecting begomoviruses (CIBs) have a broad host range and are commonly found in mixed infections, which, in turn, fuels the emergence of better-adapted species through intraspecies and interspecies recombination. Virus-encoded proteins hijack host factors to breach the well-coordinated antiviral response of plants. Epigenetic modifications of histones associated with viral minichromosomes play a critical role in this molecular arms race. Moreover, the association of DNA satellites further enhances the virulence of CIBs as the subviral agents aid the helper viruses to circumvent plant antiviral defense and facilitate expansion of their host range and disease development. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on various aspects of CIBs such as their emergence, epidemiology, mechanism of pathogenesis, and the management protocols being employed for combating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragunathan Devendran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dibyendu Ghosh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneha Yogindran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mir Jishan Karim
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Mariwala JK, Rai D, Padigaru M, Ashok Morde A, Maddox E, Maalouf S, Smith K, Vanden Heuvel JP. Accumulating evidence to support the safe and efficacious use of a proprietary blend of capsaicinoids in mediating risk factors for obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2823-2835. [PMID: 34136150 PMCID: PMC8194937 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health concern, and finding safe and effective means for combating this condition is needed. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of supplementation of a blend of capsaicinoids on weight gain, fat mass, and blood chemistry in a high-fat diet (HFD) model of obesity in mice and on adipocyte differentiation and gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with a proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate (Capsimax®; OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India) and compared to orlistat (ORL) and normal chow-fed mice (NC). Mice fed a high-fat diet showed significantly lower weight gain upon Capsimax® (CAP) administration than their HFD counterparts and similar to that observed with ORL animals. In addition, CAP decreased the high-fat diet-induced increases in adipose tissue and epididymal fat pad mass and hypertrophy after 52 days of treatment. Both the CAP and ORL groups had increased plasma concentrations of leptin. CAP extracts decreased triacylglycerol content in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreased markers of adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-ɣ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FSN) was decreased by CAP in a dose-dependent manner. Thermogenic genes and markers of brown adipose tissue including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16) were induced by CAP in the preadipocyte cells. These in vivo and in vitro data support that this proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate reduces weight gain and adiposity at least in part through decreasing lipogenesis and increasing thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Inc.MorristownNJUSA
| | | | | | - Ewa Maddox
- INDIGO Biosciences, Inc.State CollegePAUSA
| | | | | | - John P. Vanden Heuvel
- INDIGO Biosciences, Inc.State CollegePAUSA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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Shin JH, Park BS, Kim HY, Lee KH, Kim KS. Antagonistic and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Bacillus velezensis BS1 Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil in a Pepper Field. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:307-314. [PMID: 34111920 PMCID: PMC8200578 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.03.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop worldwide. Recently, Colletotrichum scovillei, a member of the C. acutatum species complex, was reported to be the dominant pathogen causing pepper anthracnose disease in South Korea. In the present study, we isolated bacterial strains from rhizosphere soil in a pepper field in Gangwon Province, Korea, and assessed their antifungal ability against C. scovillei strain KC05. Among these strains, a strain named BS1 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, appressorium formation, and disease development of C. scovillei. By combined sequence analysis using 16S rRNA and partial gyrA sequences, strain BS1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis, a member of the B. subtilis species complex. BS1 produced hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase and protease) and iron-chelating siderophores. It also promoted chili pepper (cv. Nockwang) seedling growth compared with untreated plants. The study concluded that B. velezensis BS1 has good potential as a biocontrol agent of anthracnose disease in chili pepper caused by C. scovillei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Shin
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byung-Seoung Park
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeong Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-33-250-6435, FAX) +82-33-259-5558 E-mail)
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Mutation Associated with Orange Fruit Color Increases Concentrations of β-Carotene in a Sweet Pepper Variety ( Capsicum annuum L.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10061225. [PMID: 34071303 PMCID: PMC8227262 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper is the second most important vegetable crop in Bulgarian agriculture and has become the subject of extensive breeding programs that frequently employ induced mutagenesis. The success of breeding programs can be enhanced by the efficient and integral application of different biochemical and molecular methods to characterize specific mutant alleles. On the other hand, identifying new cost-effective methods is important under a limited-resources environment. In this paper we compare the levels of five health-related carotenoid compounds of fruits (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin) between a mutant variety Oranzheva kapia (possessing high ß-carotene concentration) and a corresponding initial pepper variety Pazardzhishka kapia 794. Both varieties are intended for fresh consumption. Pepper is a major natural source of β-carotene. It was observed that fruit at both commercial and botanical maturity from mutant variety had greater α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations to the initial variety (7.49 and 1.94 times higher, respectively) meaning that the mutant was superior in fruit quality to the initial genotype. Two hydroxylase enzymes, converting α- and β-carotene to lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, are known to exist in pepper and are encoded by two genes on chromosomes 3 and 6-CrtZchr03 and CrtZchr06. The molecular characterization of the mutant variety through locus-specific Polymerase chain reaction amplification, gene cloning and sequencing as well as expression was performed. Our results suggest that the increased ß-carotene accumulation in the mutant variety Oranzheva kapia results from a biosynthetic pathway breakdown due to deletion of CrtZchr03 gene.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal genetic diversity in New Mexican chile peppers (Capsicum spp.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:356. [PMID: 34000992 PMCID: PMC8130101 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile peppers (Capsicum spp.) are among the most important horticultural crops in the world due to their number of uses. They are considered a major cultural and economic crop in the state of New Mexico in the United States. Evaluating genetic diversity in current New Mexican germplasm would facilitate genetic improvement for different traits. This study assessed genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among 165 chile pepper genotypes using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). RESULTS A GBS approach identified 66,750 high-quality SNP markers with known map positions distributed across the 12 chromosomes of Capsicum. Principal components analysis revealed four distinct clusters based on species. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis among New Mexico State University (NMSU) chile pepper cultivars showed two main clusters, where the C. annuum genotypes grouped together based on fruit or pod type. A Bayesian clustering approach for the Capsicum population inferred K = 2 as the optimal number of clusters, where the C. chinense and C. frutescens grouped in a single cluster. Analysis of molecular variance revealed majority of variation to be between the Capsicum species (76.08 %). Extensive LD decay (~ 5.59 Mb) across the whole Capsicum population was observed, demonstrating that a lower number of markers would be required for implementing genome wide association studies for different traits in New Mexican type chile peppers. Tajima's D values demonstrated positive selection, population bottleneck, and balancing selection for the New Mexico Capsicum population. Genetic diversity for the New Mexican chile peppers was relatively low, indicating the need to introduce new alleles in the breeding program to broaden the genetic base of current germplasm. CONCLUSIONS Genetic diversity among New Mexican chile peppers was evaluated using GBS-derived SNP markers and genetic relatedness on the species level was observed. Introducing novel alleles from other breeding programs or from wild species could help increase diversity in current germplasm. We present valuable information for future association mapping and genomic selection for different traits for New Mexican chile peppers for genetic improvement through marker-assisted breeding.
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Ramzan M, Sana S, Javaid N, Shah AA, Ejaz S, Malik WN, Yasin NA, Alamri S, Siddiqui MH, Datta R, Fahad S, Tahir N, Mubeen S, Ahmed N, Ali MA, El Sabagh A, Danish S. Mitigation of bacterial spot disease induced biotic stress in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars via antioxidant enzymes and isoforms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9445. [PMID: 33941790 PMCID: PMC8093210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spot, caused by a group of Xanthomonads (Xanthomonas spp.), is a devastating disease. It can adversely affect the Capsicum annum productivity. Scientists are working on the role of antioxidants to meet this challenge. However, research is lacking on the role of antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in the non-compatible pathogen and host plant interaction and resistance mechanisms in capsicum varieties. The present study was conducted to ascertain the defensive role of antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in chilli varieties Hybrid, Desi, Serrano, Padron, and Shehzadi against bacterial spot disease-induced Xanthomonas sp. The seedlings were inoculated with bacterial pathogen @ 107 CFU/mL, and samples were harvested after regular intervals of 24 h for 4 days followed by inoculation. Total plant proteins were extracted in phosphate buffer and quantified through Bradford assay. The crude protein extracts were analyzed through quantitative enzymatic assays in order to document activity levels of various antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the profiles appearance of these enzymes and their isoforms were determined using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. These enzymes exhibited maximum activity in Hybrid (HiR) cultivar followed by Desi (R), Serrano (S), Padron, and Shehzadi (HS). Both the number of isoforms and expression levels were higher in highly resistant cultivars compared to susceptible and highly susceptible cultivars. The induction of POD, CAT, and SOD occurs at the early stages of growth in resistant Capsicum cultivars. At the same time, APX seems to make the second line of antioxidant defense mechanisms. We found that modulating antioxidant enzymes and isoforms activity at the seedling stage was an important mechanism for mitigating plant growth inhibition in the resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nida Javaid
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, 51801, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Nazir Malik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Gardens, Resident Officer-II Office Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Nazia Tahir
- Department of Agriculture, AbdulWali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
- Institute of Agriculture Resource and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences China, Changchun, China
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ali
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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Transcriptome Analyses Throughout Chili Pepper Fruit Development Reveal Novel Insights into the Domestication Process. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030585. [PMID: 33808668 PMCID: PMC8003350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important crop, as well as a model for fruit development studies and domestication. Here, we performed a time-course experiment to estimate standardized gene expression profiles with respect to fruit development for six domesticated and four wild chili pepper ancestors. We sampled the transcriptomes every 10 days from flowering to fruit maturity, and found that the mean standardized expression profiles for domesticated and wild accessions significantly differed. The mean standardized expression was higher and peaked earlier for domesticated vs. wild genotypes, particularly for genes involved in the cell cycle that ultimately control fruit size. We postulate that these gene expression changes are driven by selection pressures during domestication and show a robust network of cell cycle genes with a time shift in expression, which explains some of the differences between domesticated and wild phenotypes.
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Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Diversity of Capsicum Based on rDNA-ITS Region. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genus Capsicum is comprised of 5 domesticated and more than 30 wild species. The region of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (rDNA-ITS) has widely been used for species identification, but has rarely been used in Capsicum. In this study, the evaluation of genetic diversity and a phylogenetic analysis were conducted using rDNA-ITS of 28 Capsicum accessions, including five domesticated and two wild species. We surveyed six conventional keys of domesticated species and another five traits in Capsicum accessions. Specific morphological characteristics were found in C. annuum, C. baccatum, and C.pubescens. Three subclones of each accession were sequenced, and rDNA-ITS polymorphisms were detected in all accessions excluding C. annuum, suggesting that incomplete concerted evolution occurred in rDNA-ITS of Capsicum. The genetic diversity was evaluated using nucleotide polymorphism and diversity. C. annuum had the lowest genetic diversity of all species in this study. The phylogenetic tree formed a species-specific clade for C. annuum, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens. The C. chinense clade existed in the C. frutescens clade, implying that it was a cultivated variant of C. frutescens. C. chacoense likely belonged to the C. baccatum complex according to its morphologic and genetic features. This study indicated that the rDNA-ITS region can be used for simple identification of domesticated Capsicum species.
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