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Louka P, Orriss IR, Pitsillides AA. Stable Sulforaphane Targets the Early Stages of Osteoclast Formation to Engender a Lasting Functional Blockade of Osteoclastogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:165. [PMID: 38247857 PMCID: PMC10814088 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, the native but unstable form of SFX-01, is an antioxidant that activates the NRF2 and inhibits the NF-KB pathways to achieve its actions. Resolving the mechanism(s) by which SFX-01 serves to control the various osteoclastogenic stages may expose pathways that could be explored for therapeutic use. Here we seek to identify the stage of osteoclastogenesis targeted by SFX-01 and explore whether, like SFN, it exerts its actions via the NRF2 and NF-KB pathways. Osteoclasts generated from the bone marrow (BM) of mice were cultured with SFX-01 at different timepoints to examine each phase of osteoclastogenesis separately. This showed that SFX-01 exerted actions throughout the process of osteoclastogenesis, but had its largest effects in the early osteoclast precursor differentiation stage. Thus, treatment with SFX-01 for the duration of culture, for the initial 3 days differentiation or for as little as the first 24 h was sufficient for effective inhibition. This aligned with data suggesting that SFX-01 reduced DC-STAMP levels, osteoclast nuclear number and modified cytoskeletal architecture. Pharmacological regulation of the NRF2 pathways, via selective inhibitors/activators, supported the anti-osteoclastogenic roles of an SFX-01-mediated by NRF2 activation, as well as the need for tight NF-KB pathway regulation in osteoclast formation/function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK; (P.L.); (I.R.O.)
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2
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Huang X, Zhou X, Wu C, Li W, Ma Y, He Q, Ya F. Sulforaphane attenuates platelet granule secretion through down-regulating glycoprotein VI-mediated p38 MAPK/cPLA 2 signaling pathway. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2023.2173307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunting Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilian He
- School of Nursing, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Fuli Ya
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Gurgul AA, Najjar Y, Chee A, An H, Che CT, Park TJ, Warpeha KM. Phenylpropanoid-enriched broccoli seedling extract can reduce inflammatory markers and pain behavior. J Transl Med 2023; 21:922. [PMID: 38115032 PMCID: PMC10731810 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a worldwide problem requiring an effective, affordable, non-addictive therapy. Using the edible plant broccoli, a growth protocol was developed to induce a concentrated combinatorial of potential anti-inflammatories in seedlings. METHODS A growth method was utilized to produce a phenylpropanoid-rich broccoli sprout extract, referred to as Original Extract (OE). OE was concentrated and then resuspended for study of the effects on inflammation events. A rabbit disc model of inflammation and degeneration, and, a mouse model of pain behavior were used for in vivo and in vitro tests. To address aspects of mammalian metabolic processing, the OE was treated with the S9 liver microsome fraction derived from mouse, for use in a mouse in vivo study. Analytical chemistry was performed to identify major chemical species. Continuous variables were analyzed with a number of methods including ANOVA, and two-tailed t tests, as appropriate. RESULTS In a rabbit spine (disc) injury model, inflammatory markers were reduced, and levels of regenerative markers were increased as a result of OE treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse pain behavioral model, after treatment with S9 liver microsome fraction, the resultant extract significantly reduced early and late pain behavior in response to a pain stimulus. The OE itself reduced pain behavior in the mouse pain model, but did not achieve the level of significance observed for S9-treated extract. Analytical chemistry undertaken on the extract constituents revealed identities of the chemical species in OE, and how S9 liver microsome fraction treatment altered species identities and proportions. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and in vivo results indicate that the OE, and S9-treated OE broccoli extracts are worthwhile materials to develop a non-opiate inflammation and pain-reducing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Gurgul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yahya Najjar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Katherine M Warpeha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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4
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Shao D, Shen W, Miao Y, Gao Z, Pan M, Wei Q, Yan Z, Zhao X, Ma B. Sulforaphane prevents LPS-induced inflammation by regulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:61. [PMID: 37131202 PMCID: PMC10155371 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis not only deteriorates the composition or quality of milk, but also damages the health and productivity of dairy goats. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical isothiocyanate compound with various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, the effect of SFN on mastitis has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of SFN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and a mouse model of mastitis. RESULTS In vitro, SFN downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6), inhibited the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) while suppressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in LPS-induced GMECs. Additionally, SFN exhibited an antioxidant effect by increasing Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes expression, and decreasing LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GMECs. Furthermore, SFN pretreatment promoted the autophagy pathway, which was dependent on the increased Nrf2 level, and contributed significantly to the improved LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vivo, SFN effectively alleviated histopathological lesions, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, enhanced immunohistochemistry staining of Nrf2, and amplified of LC3 puncta LPS-induced mastitis in mice. Mechanically, the in vitro and in vivo study showed that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of SFN were mediated by the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in GMECs and a mouse model of mastitis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the natural compound SFN has a preventive effect on LPS-induced inflammation through by regulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in primary goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis, which may improve prevention strategies for mastitis in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Manjunath SH, Nataraj P, Swamy VH, Sugur K, Dey SK, Ranganathan V, Daniel S, Leihang Z, Sharon V, Chandrashekharappa S, Sajeev N, Venkatareddy VG, Chuturgoon A, Kuppusamy G, Madhunapantula SV, Thimmulappa RK. Development of Moringa oleifera as functional food targeting NRF2 signaling: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental model systems. Food Funct 2023; 14:4734-4751. [PMID: 37114361 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) provides protection against several environmental diseases by inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory injury. Besides high in protein and minerals, Moringa oleifera leaves contain several bioactive compounds, predominantly isothiocyanate moringin and polyphenols, which are potent inducers of NRF2. Hence, M. oleifera leaves represent a valuable food source that could be developed as a functional food for targeting NRF2 signaling. In the current study, we have developed a palatable M. oleifera leaf preparation (henceforth referred as ME-D) that showed reproducibly a high potential to activate NRF2. Treatment of BEAS-2B cells with ME-D significantly increased NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes (NQO1, HMOX1) and total GSH levels. In the presence of brusatol (a NRF2 inhibitor), ME-D-induced increase in NQO1 expression was significantly diminished. Pre-treatment of cells with ME-D mitigated reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity induced by pro-oxidants. Furthermore, ME-D pre-treatment markedly inhibited nitric oxide production, secretory IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and transcriptional expression of Nos2, Il-6, and Tnf-α in macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Biochemical profiling by LC-HRMS revealed glucomoringin, moringin, and several polyphenols in ME-D. Oral administration of ME-D significantly increased NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes in the small intestine, liver, and lungs. Lastly, prophylactic administration of ME-D significantly mitigated lung inflammation in mice exposed to particulate matter for 3-days or 3-months. In conclusion, we have developed a pharmacologically active standardized palatable preparation of M. oleifera leaves as a functional food to activate NRF2 signaling, which can be consumed as a beverage (hot soup) or freeze-dried powder for reducing the risk from environmental respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souparnika H Manjunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Prabhakaran Nataraj
- Department of Studies in Environmental Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570005, India
| | - Vikas H Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS AHER, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Kavya Sugur
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Sumit K Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Veena Ranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Shyni Daniel
- Department of Studies in Environmental Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570005, India
| | - Zonunsiami Leihang
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Veronica Sharon
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Sandeep Chandrashekharappa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R) Raebareli, Transit Campus, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Nithin Sajeev
- SCIEX, DHR Holding India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore 562149, India
| | | | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS AHER, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
| | - Rajesh K Thimmulappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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6
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Li L, Ma P, Nirasawa S, Liu H. Formation, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts: a review for maximizing the health benefits to human. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7118-7148. [PMID: 36847125 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts have been considered as functional foods which have received increasing attention because they have been highly prized for glucosinolates, phenolics, and vitamins in particular glucosinolates. One of hydrolysates-sulforaphane from glucoraphanin is positively associated with the attenuation of inflammatory, which could reduce diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer risk. In recent decades, the great interest in natural bioactive components especially for sulforaphane promotes numerous researchers to investigate the methods to enhance glucoraphanin levels in broccoli sprouts and evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of sulforaphane. Therefore, glucosinolates profiles are different in broccoli sprouts varied with genotypes and inducers. Physicochemical, biological elicitors, and storage conditions were widely studied to promote the accumulation of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts. These inducers would stimulate the biosynthesis pathway gene expression and enzyme activities of glucosinolates and sulforaphane to increase the concentration in broccoli sprouts. The immunomodulatory activity of sulforaphane was summarized to be a new therapy for diseases with immune dysregulation. The perspective of this review served as a potential reference for customers and industries by application of broccoli sprouts as a functional food and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Sulforaphane Suppresses H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the Activation of AMPK/NFE2L2 Signaling Pathway in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021070. [PMID: 36674585 PMCID: PMC9867344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in high-yielding dairy goats adversely affects lactation length, milk quality, and the economics of dairy products. During the lactation period, goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are often in a state of disordered metabolic homeostasis primarily caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulforaphane (SFN), an electrophilic compound that is enriched in broccoli, is a promising antioxidant agent for future potential clinical applications. The objective of the present study was to investigate the function of SFN on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in primary GMECs and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Isolated GMECs in triplicate were pretreated with SFN (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of H2O2 (400 μM) for 24 h. The results showed that SFN effectively enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, elevated the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/glutathione oxidized (GSSG), and reduced H2O2-induced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and cell apoptosis. Mechanically, SFN-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2/NFE2L2) translocation to the nucleus through the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway coupled with inhibition of the caspase apoptotic pathway. In addition, GMECs were transfected with NFE2L2 small interfering RNA (NFE2L2 siRNA) for 48 h and/or treated with SFN (5 μM) for 24 h before being exposed to H2O2 (400 μM) for 24 h. We found that knockdown of NFE2L2 by siRNA abrogated the preventive effect of SFN on H2O2-induced ROS overproduction and apoptosis. Taken together, sulforaphane suppressed H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the activation of the AMPK/NFE2L2 signaling pathway in primary GMECs.
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8
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Sulforaphane inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by acetylation modification of Nrf2. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6740-6755. [PMID: 36006435 PMCID: PMC9467410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the central cause of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial injury, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is the core molecule of the anti-oxidant defense system. We have previously demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent Ang II-induced myocardial injury by activating Nrf2; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether SFN prevents Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through acetylation modification of <i>Nrf2</i>. Wild-type and <i>Nrf2</i> knockdown embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were exposed to Ang II to induce apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. SFN treatment significantly reduced Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 played a critical role in preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. After Nrf2 was knockdown, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress of SFN were eliminated. Furthermore, Nrf2 activation by SFN was closely related to the decreased activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and increased histone-3 (H3) acetylation levels in <i>Nrf2</i> promoter region. These findings confirm that Nrf2 plays a key role in SFN preventing Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. SFN activates Nrf2 by inhibiting HDACs expression and activation.
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9
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Vasavda C, Xu R, Liew J, Kothari R, Dhindsa RS, Semenza ER, Paul BD, Green DP, Sabbagh MF, Shin JY, Yang W, Snowman AM, Albacarys LK, Moghekar A, Pardo-Villamizar CA, Luciano M, Huang J, Bettegowda C, Kwatra SG, Dong X, Lim M, Snyder SH. Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5633. [PMID: 35921423 PMCID: PMC9348805 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia, historically dubbed the "suicide disease," is an exceedingly painful neurologic condition characterized by sudden episodes of intense facial pain. Unfortunately, the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for trigeminal neuralgia carries substantial side effects, with many patients requiring surgery. Here, we identify the NRF2 transcriptional network as a potential therapeutic target. We report that cerebrospinal fluid from patients with trigeminal neuralgia accumulates reactive oxygen species, several of which directly activate the pain-transducing channel TRPA1. Similar to our patient cohort, a mouse model of trigeminal neuropathic pain also exhibits notable oxidative stress. We discover that stimulating the NRF2 antioxidant transcriptional network is as analgesic as inhibiting TRPA1, in part by reversing the underlying oxidative stress. Using a transcriptome-guided drug discovery strategy, we identify two NRF2 network modulators as potential treatments. One of these candidates, exemestane, is already FDA-approved and may thus be a promising alternative treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Vasavda
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Liew
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchita Kothari
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan S. Dhindsa
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evan R. Semenza
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin P. Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark F. Sabbagh
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Y. Shin
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wuyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adele M. Snowman
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren K. Albacarys
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark Luciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Singh P, Alka, Maurya P, Nisha R, Singh N, Parashar P, Mishra N, Pal RR, Saraf SA. QbD Assisted Development of Lipidic Nanocapsules for Antiestrogenic Activity of Exemestane in Breast Cancer. J Liposome Res 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35930249 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Some breast cancers are caused by hormonal imbalances, such as estrogen and progesterone.These hormones play a function in directing the growth of cancer cells. The hormone receptors in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer lead breast cells to proliferate out of control. Cancer therapy such as hormonal, targeted, radiation is still unsatisfactory because of these challenges viz. MDR (Multiple drug resistance), off-targeting, severe adverse effects. A novel aromatase inhibitor exemestane (Exe) exhibits promising therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to develop and optimize Exe-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) by using DSPC, PF68 and olive oil as lipid, surfactant and oil phase, respectively and to characterize the same. The prepared nanocapsules were investigated via in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo animal models. The LNCs exhibited cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell lines and enhanced anti-cancer activity and reduced cardiotoxicity in DMBA-induced animal model when compared to the drug. Additionally, in-vivo pharmacokinetics revealed a 4.2-fold increased oral bioavailability when compared with Exe suspension. This study demonstrated that oral administration of Exe-loaded LNCs holds promise for the antiestrogenic activity of exemestane in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Alka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Amity institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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11
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Sun H, Wang J, Bi W, Zhang F, Chi K, Shi L, Yuan T, Ma K, Gao X. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Muscular Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Autophagy via the Nrf2-ARE Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4653864. [PMID: 35600947 PMCID: PMC9117032 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4653864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, as a life-threatening syndrome, is commonly caused by skeletal muscle damage resulting from oxidative stress. Additionally, inflammation-induced pyroptosis and dysregulated autophagy are vital factors contributing to the aggravation of I/R injury. Of note, sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural antioxidant, but whether it worked in limb I/R injury and the possible mechanism behind its protection for skeletal muscle has not been clearly established. Methods Effects of SFN on limb I/R-injured skeletal muscle were assessed by HE staining, followed by assessment of wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio of muscle tissues. Next, ELISA and biochemical tests were used to measure the inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescent analysis and Western blot were adopted to examine the level of pyroptosis- and autophagy-related proteins in vivo. Moreover, protein levels of Nrf2-ARE pathway-related factors were also examined using Western blot. Results SFN treatment could protect skeletal muscle against limb I/R injury, as evidenced by diminished inflammation, pyroptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscles of mice. Further mechanistic exploration confirmed that antioxidative protection of SFN was associated with the Nrf2-ARE pathway activation. Conclusions SFN activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and thereby inhibits pyroptosis and autophagy and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the limb I/R-induced muscle tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jueqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Kui Chi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Long Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
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12
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Ma X, Okyere SK, Hu L, Wen J, Ren Z, Deng J, Hu Y. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Cryptochlorogenic Acid from Ageratina adenophora. Nutrients 2022; 14:439. [PMID: 35276797 PMCID: PMC8839916 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is an invasive plant known for its toxicity to livestock. Current research on this plant has shifted from toxicity prevention to the beneficial utilization of plant resources. This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) isolated from Ageratina adenophora on the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with CCGA (200, 100, and 50 μg/mL) and subsequently stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 16 h. The cytotoxicity of CCGA was tested using the Cell Counting Kit (CCK8). The mechanism of action of CCGA in attenuating inflammation was also identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The results showed that CCGA had a maximal safe concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, CCGA reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.01). In addition, CCGA reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.01). CCGA prevented the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via the inhibition of IKK and IκB phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB proteins (p < 0.01). This finding indicated that CCGA isolated from A. adenophora may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (S.K.O.); (L.H.); (J.W.); (Z.R.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wei J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Shi W, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Sulforaphane-Mediated Nrf2 Activation Prevents Radiation-Induced Skin Injury through Inhibiting the Oxidative-Stress-Activated DNA Damage and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111850. [PMID: 34829721 PMCID: PMC8614868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article mainly observed the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on radiation-induced skin injury (RISI). In addition, we will discuss the mechanism of SFN's protection on RISI. The RISI model was established by the irradiation of the left thigh under intravenous anesthesia. Thirty-two C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON), SFN group, irradiation (IR) group, and IR plus SFN (IR/SFN) group. At eight weeks after irradiation, the morphological changes of mouse skin tissues were detected by H&E staining. Then, the oxidative stress and inflammatory response indexes in mouse skin tissues, as well as the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes, were evaluated by ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. The H&E staining showed the hyperplasia of fibrous tissue in the mouse dermis and hypodermis of the IR group. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that the inflammasome of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, as well as oxidative stress damage indicators ROS, 4-HNE, and 3-NT, in the skin tissues of mice in the IR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the above pathological changes declined sharply after SFN treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of Nrf2 and its regulated antioxidant enzymes, including CAT and HO-1, were higher in the skin tissues of SFN and IR/SFN groups, but lower in the control and IR groups (p < 0.05). SFN may be able to suppress the oxidative stress by upregulating the expression and function of Nrf2, and subsequently inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and DNA damage, so as to prevent and alleviate the RISI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weiyan Shi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); ; (X.J.); Tel.: +86-13504310452 (Y.X.); +86-15804302750 (X.J.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.S.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); ; (X.J.); Tel.: +86-13504310452 (Y.X.); +86-15804302750 (X.J.)
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A novel electrochemical sensor based on functionalized glassy carbon microparticles@CeO2 core–shell for ultrasensitive detection of breast anticancer drug exemestane in patient plasma and pharmaceutical dosage form. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Cantrell MS, Soto-Avellaneda A, Wall JD, Ajeti AD, Morrison BE, Warner LR, McDougal OM. Repurposing Drugs to Treat Heart and Brain Illness. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060573. [PMID: 34208502 PMCID: PMC8235459 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development is a complicated, slow and expensive process with high failure rates. One strategy to mitigate these factors is to recycle existing drugs with viable safety profiles and have gained Food and Drug Administration approval following extensive clinical trials. Cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases are difficult to treat, and there exist few effective therapeutics, necessitating the development of new, more efficacious drugs. Recent scientific studies have led to a mechanistic understanding of heart and brain disease progression, which has led researchers to assess myriad drugs for their potential as pharmacological treatments for these ailments. The focus of this review is to survey strategies for the selection of drug repurposing candidates and provide representative case studies where drug repurposing strategies were used to discover therapeutics for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on anti-inflammatory processes where new drug alternatives are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda S. Cantrell
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Alejandro Soto-Avellaneda
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jackson D. Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Aaron D. Ajeti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Brad E. Morrison
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Lisa R. Warner
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Owen M. McDougal
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
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Fahey JW, Kensler TW. The Challenges of Designing and Implementing Clinical Trials With Broccoli Sprouts… and Turning Evidence Into Public Health Action. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648788. [PMID: 33996874 PMCID: PMC8116591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane through the catalytic actions of plant myrosinase or β-thioglucosidases in the gut microflora. Sulforaphane, in turn, is an inducer of cytoprotective enzymes through activation of Nrf2 signaling, and a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis in multiple murine models. Sulforaphane is also protective in models of diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and other inflammatory processes, likely reflecting additional actions of Nrf2 and interactions with other signaling pathways. Translating this efficacy into the design and implementation of clinical chemoprevention trials, especially food-based trials, faces numerous challenges including the selection of the source, placebo, and dose as well as standardization of the formulation of the intervention material. Unlike in animals, purified sulforaphane has had very limited use in clinical studies. We have conducted a series of clinical studies and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effects of composition (glucoraphanin-rich [± myrosinase] vs. sulforaphane-rich or mixture beverages), formulation (beverage vs. tablet) and dose, on the efficacy of these broccoli sprout-based preparations to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic action, and clinical benefit. While the challenges for the evaluation of broccoli sprouts in clinical trials are themselves formidable, further hurdles must be overcome to bring this science to public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W. Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Fouad MA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Huwait EA, Hafez HF, Osman AMM. Epigenetic immunomodulatory effect of eugenol and astaxanthin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in hormonal positive breast Cancer cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:8. [PMID: 33509300 PMCID: PMC7842008 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to investigate the molecular mechanism (s) whereby EUG and AST could enhance DOX cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. METHODS Cytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins. RESULTS DOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 0.5 μM. Both EUG and AST significantly increased DOX cytotoxicity which is manifested as a significant decrease in DOX IC50 from 0.5 μM to 0.088 μM with EUG and to 0.06 μM with AST. Combinations of DOX with 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST significantly increased the level of histones acetylation and histone acetyl transferase expression, while reduced the expression of aromatase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) when compared with 0.25 μM DOX alone. Also both combinations showed higher uptake of rhodamine but lower of Hoechst stains, along with increased the percentage of caspase 3, and decreased the expression of CK7 and LC3BI/II ratio. EUG combination induced IFγ but reduced TNFα causing shifting of cells from G2/M to S and G0/ G1 phases. Combination of DOX with EUG induced apoptosis through the higher BAX/ BCl2 ratio, while with AST was through the increase in caspase 8 expressions. CONCLUSION EUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Etimad A Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Moneim M Osman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
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Identification and evaluation of a napyradiomycin as a potent Nrf2 activator: Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rong Y, Huang L, Yi K, Chen H, Liu S, Zhang W, Yuan C, Song X, Wang F. Co-administration of sulforaphane and doxorubicin attenuates breast cancer growth by preventing the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:189-196. [PMID: 32891712 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound derived from cruciferous plants shown to be effective in cancer prevention and suppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to inhibit anti-tumor immunity; however, whether SFN regulates the anti-tumor activity of MDSCs in breast cancer is still unknown. In the current study, we found that SFN blocked prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in parental and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer 4T1 cell lines by activating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2-mediated reduction of PGE2 was dependent on the enhanced expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), and decreased COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells. Moreover, our study further revealed that reduced PGE2 secretion from SFN-treated 4T1 cells triggered MDSCs to switch to an immunogenic phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor activities of CD8+ T cells. Co-administration of SFN and DOX was more efficacious for the treatment of breast cancer in a mouse model than either agent alone, as evidenced by the significant decrease in tumor volume, MDSC expansion, and increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data indicate that SFN reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment and is a potent adjuvant chemotherapeutic candidate in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Shaoping Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wuwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China.
| | - Xuemin Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Ferrero-Andrés A, Panisello-Roselló A, Roselló-Catafau J, Folch-Puy E. NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:5386. [PMID: 32751171 PMCID: PMC7432368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of inflammasomes has enriched our knowledge in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases. The NLR pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) has emerged as the most versatile and well-characterized inflammasome, consisting of an intracellular multi-protein complex that acts as a central driver of inflammation. Its activation depends on a tightly regulated two-step process, which includes a wide variety of unrelated stimuli. It is therefore not surprising that the specific regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unclear. Inflammasome-mediated inflammation has become increasingly important in acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is one of the fatal diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This review presents an update on the progress of research into the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome to acute pancreatic injury, examining the mechanisms of NLRP3 activation by multiple signaling events, the downstream interleukin 1 family of cytokines involved and the current state of the literature on NLRP3 inflammasome-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferrero-Andrés
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain;
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21
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Biomarker Exploration in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Monitoring Sulforaphane Treatment Responses in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5822. [PMID: 32242086 PMCID: PMC7118069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with no drugs treating the core symptoms and no validated biomarkers for clinical use. The multi-functional phytochemical sulforaphane affects many of the biochemical abnormalities associated with ASD. We investigated potential molecular markers from three ASD-associated physiological pathways that can be affected by sulforaphane: redox metabolism/oxidative stress; heat shock response; and immune dysregulation/inflammation, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and patients with ASD. We first analyzed the mRNA levels of selected molecular markers in response to sulforaphane ex vivo treatment in PBMCs from healthy donors by real-time quantitative PCR. All of the tested markers showed quantifiability, accuracy and reproducibility. We then compared the expression levels of those markers in PBMCs taken from ASD patients in response to orally-delivered sulforaphane. The mRNA levels of cytoprotective enzymes (NQO1, HO-1, AKR1C1), and heat shock proteins (HSP27 and HSP70), increased. Conversely, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α) decreased. Individually none is sufficiently specific or sensitive, but when grouped by function as two panels, these biomarkers show promise for monitoring pharmacodynamic responses to sulforaphane in both healthy and autistic humans, and providing guidance for biomedical interventions.
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22
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Zhao XL, Yu L, Zhang SD, Ping K, Ni HY, Qin XY, Zhao CJ, Wang W, Efferth T, Fu YJ. Cryptochlorogenic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress via upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106436. [PMID: 32234671 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are found in natural plants, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. They have long been used as pharmacological actives, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) is a special isomer of chlorogenic acid; the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of CCGA have been poorly reported. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CCGA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that CCGA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and blocked iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions. CCGA also significantly increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity and reduced the MDA level. Moreover, CCGA suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by hindering the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and degrading IκB. It also downregulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Our results indicated that CCGA significantly inhibited NF-κB activation by controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. In conclusion, CCGA could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory symptoms by modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling cascades and inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sun-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kou Ping
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chun-Jian Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Small molecule inhibitors and stimulators of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cancer cells from natural origin (phytochemicals, marine compounds, antibiotics). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113792. [PMID: 31926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of isoforms, which generate nitric oxide (NO). NO is one of the smallest molecules in nature and acts mainly as a potent vasodilator. It participates in various biological processes ranging from physiological to pathological conditions. Inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is a calcium-independent and inducible isoform. Despite high iNOS expression in many tumors, the role of iNOS is still unclear and complex with both enhancing and prohibiting actions in tumorigenesis. Nature presents a broad variety of natural stimulators and inhibitors, which may either promote or inhibit iNOS response. In the present review, we give an overview of iNOS-modulating agents with a special focus on both natural and synthetic molecules and their effects in related biological processes. The role of iNOS in physiological and pathological conditions is also discussed.
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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Afzalipour Khoshkbejari M, Mohammadi M, Abiri A, Mokhtarian R, Vazifemand R, Amanollahi S, Yazdi Sani S, Li M, Zhao Y, Wu X, Shen J, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Targets and mechanisms of sulforaphane derivatives obtained from cruciferous plants with special focus on breast cancer - contradictory effects and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109635. [PMID: 31739165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Therefore, discovery of new and effective drugs with fewer side effects is necessary to treat it. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an organosulfur compound obtained from cruciferous plants, such as broccoli and mustard, and it has the potential to treat breast cancer. Hence, it is vital to find out how SFN targets certain genes and cellular pathways in treating breast cancer. In this review, molecular targets and cellular pathways of SFN are described. Studies have shown SFN inhibits cell proliferation, causes apoptosis, stops cell cycle and has anti-oxidant activities. Increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) produces oxidative stress, activates inflammatory transcription factors, and these result in inflammation leading to cancer. Increasing anti-oxidant potential of cells and discovering new targets to reduce ROS creation reduces oxidative stress and it eventually reduces cancer risks. In short, SFN effectively affects histone deacetylases involved in chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and Nrf2 anti-oxidant signaling. This review points to the potential of SFN to treat breast cancer as well as the importance of other new cruciferous compounds, derived from and isolated from mustard, to target Keap1 and Akt, two key regulators of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; Drug Discovery Research Group, Parham Academy of Biomedical Sciences, The Heritage B-16-10, Selangor, 43300, Malaysia.
| | | | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Mokhtarian
- Drug Discovery Research Group, Parham Academy of Biomedical Sciences, The Heritage B-16-10, Selangor, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Reza Vazifemand
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shima Amanollahi
- Drug Discovery Research Group, Parham Academy of Biomedical Sciences, The Heritage B-16-10, Selangor, 43300, Malaysia; School of Mathematical, Physical, and Natural Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdi Sani
- Drug Discovery Research Group, Parham Academy of Biomedical Sciences, The Heritage B-16-10, Selangor, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China; South Sichuan Institution for Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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25
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Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its "Coming of Age" as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2716870. [PMID: 31737167 PMCID: PMC6815645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2716870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule's bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
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Giudice A, Barbieri A, Bimonte S, Cascella M, Cuomo A, Crispo A, D'Arena G, Galdiero M, Della Pepa ME, Botti G, Caraglia M, Capunzo M, Arra C, Montella M. Dissecting the prevention of estrogen-dependent breast carcinogenesis through Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4937-4953. [PMID: 31388303 PMCID: PMC6607693 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Various studies indicate that prolonged exposure to elevated levels of estrogens is associated with development of breast cancer. Both estrogen receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms can contribute to the carcinogenic effects of estrogens. Among them, the oxidative metabolism of estrogens plays a key role in the initiation of estradiol-induced breast cancer by generation of reactive estrogen quinones as well as the associated formation of oxygen free radicals. These genotoxic metabolites can react with DNA to form unstable DNA adducts which generate mutations leading to the initiation of breast cancer. A variety of endogenous and exogenous factors can alter estrogen homeostasis and generate genotoxic metabolites. The use of specific phytochemicals and dietary supplements can inhibit the risk of breast cancer not only by the modulation of several estrogen-activating enzymes (CYP19, CYP1B1) but also through the induction of various cytoprotective enzymes (eg, SOD3, NQO1, glutathione S-transferases, OGG-1, catechol-O-methyltransferases, CYP1B1A, etc.) that reestablish the homeostatic balance of estrogen metabolism via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- S.S.D Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Della Pepa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- S.S.D Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Cytoprotective Effect of Ligustrum robustum Polyphenol Extract against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5026458. [PMID: 31312223 PMCID: PMC6595363 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5026458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum is a traditional herbal tea that is widely distributed in southwest China. The health effects of L. robustum are characteristics of clearing heat, antioxidant, inducing resurgence, and improving digestion. However, the molecular mechanisms related to these effects, particularly the antioxidant mechanism, have been seldom reported. The objective of this study was to assess antioxidative capacity of L. robustum, and its protective effects and mechanisms against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Total phenolic contents, free radical scavenging activity, and reducing capacity of L. robustum were measured. The effects of L. robustum on the cell viability and antioxidant defense system were explored. The expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant genes: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) were analyzed by western blot and qPCR. Pretreatment of L. robustum could significantly reduce H2O2-induced toxicity, decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR). By activating the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant genes (NQO1, HO-1, and GCL), L. robustum exerts cytoprotective effect in Caco-2 cells dealt with H2O2. Therefore, the well-established model of Caco-2 cells demonstrates that L. robustum may modulate the cytoprotective effect against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Jiang T, Chen L, Huang Y, Wang J, Xu M, Zhou S, Gu X, Chen Y, Liang K, Pei Y, Song Q, Liu S, Ma F, Lu H, Gao X, Chen J. Metformin and Docosahexaenoic Acid Hybrid Micelles for Premetastatic Niche Modulation and Tumor Metastasis Suppression. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3548-3562. [PMID: 31026397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of high mortality in cancer patients; thus, blocking the metastatic process is of critical importance for cancer treatments. The premetastatic niche, a specialized microenvironment with aberrant changes related to inflammation, allows the colonization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and serves as a potential target for metastasis prevention. However, little effort has been dedicated to developing nanomedicine to amend the premetastatic niche. Here this study reports a premetastatic niche-targeting micelle for the modulation of premetastatic microenvironments and suppression of tumor metastasis. The micelles are self-assembled with the oleate carbon chain derivative of metformin and docosahexaenoic acid, two anti-inflammatory agents with low toxicity, and coated with fucoidan for premetastatic niche-targeting. The obtained functionalized micelles (FucOMDs) exhibit an excellent blood circulation profile and premetastatic site-targeting efficiency, inhibit CTC adhesion to activated endothelial cells, alleviate lung vascular permeability, and reverse the aberrant expression of key marker proteins in premetastatic niches. As a result, FucOMDs prevent metastasis formation and efficiently suppress both primary-tumor growth and metastasis formation when combined with targeted chemotherapy. Collectively, the findings here provide proof of concept that the modulation of the premetastatic niche with targeted anti-inflammatory agents provides a potent platform and a safe and clinical translational option for the suppression of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Songlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 280 South Chongqing Road , Shanghai 200025 , PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Kaifan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 280 South Chongqing Road , Shanghai 200025 , PR China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital , Fudan University , 2800 Gongwei Road , Shanghai 201399 , PR China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital , Fudan University , 2800 Gongwei Road , Shanghai 201399 , PR China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 280 South Chongqing Road , Shanghai 200025 , PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Lane 826, Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital , Fudan University , 2800 Gongwei Road , Shanghai 201399 , PR China
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Wei L, Wang C, Chen X, Yang B, Shi K, Benington LR, Lim LY, Shi S, Mo J. Dual-responsive, Methotrexate-loaded, Ascorbic acid-derived Micelles Exert Anti-tumor and Anti-metastatic Effects by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Human Choriocarcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9:4354-4374. [PMID: 31285766 PMCID: PMC6599650 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), the most aggressive form of which is choriocarcinoma, can result from over-proliferation of trophoblasts. Treating choriocarcinoma requires high doses of systemic chemotherapeutic agents, which result in nonspecific drug distribution and severe toxicity. To overcome these disadvantages and enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, we synthesized redox- and pH-sensitive, self-assembling, ascorbic acid-derived (PEG-ss-aAPP) micelles to deliver the drug methotrexate (MTX). Methods: We developed and tested self-assembling PEG-ss-aAPP micelles, which release their drug cargo in response to an intracellular reducing environment and the acidity of the early lysosome or tumoral microenvironment. Uptake into JEG3 choriocarcinoma cancer cells was examined using confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We examined the ability of MTX-loaded PEG-ss-aAPP micelles to inhibit metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of human choriocarcinoma. Results: Drug-loaded micelles had encapsulation efficiency above 95%. Particles were spherical based on transmission electron microscopy, with diameters of approximately 229.0 nm based on dynamic light scattering. The drug carrier responded sensitively to redox and pH changes, releasing its cargo in specific environments. PEG-ss-aAPP/MTX micelles efficiently escaped from lysosome/endosomes, and they were effective at producing reactive oxygen species, strongly inducing apoptosis and inhibiting invasion and migration. These effects correlated with the ability of PEG-ss-aAPP/MTX micelles to protect IκBα from degradation, which in turn inhibited translocation of NF-κB p65 to the nucleus. In an orthotopic mouse model of human choriocarcinoma, PEG-ss-aAPP/MTX micelles strongly inhibited primary tumor growth and significantly suppressed metastasis without obvious side effects. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential of PEG-ss-aAPP micelles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents against choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Chenyuan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xianjue Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Leah R. Benington
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Guangxi Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
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Wu Q, Wang J, Mao S, Xu H, Wu Q, Liang M, Yuan Y, Liu M, Huang K. Comparative transcriptome analyses of genes involved in sulforaphane metabolism at different treatment in Chinese kale using full-length transcriptome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:377. [PMID: 31088374 PMCID: PMC6518776 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulforaphane is a natural isothiocyanate available from cruciferous vegetables with multiple characteristics including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effect. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing has been used for long-read de novo assembly of plant genome. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism related to glucosinolates biosynthesis in Chinese kale using combined NGS and SMRT sequencing. Results SMRT sequencing produced 185,134 unigenes, higher than 129,325 in next-generation sequencing (NGS). NaCl (75 mM), methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 40 μM), selenate (Se, sodium selenite 100 μM), and brassinolide (BR, 1.5 μM) treatment induced 6893, 13,287, 13,659 and 11,041 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Chinese kale seedlings comparing with control. These genes were associated with pathways of glucosinolates biosynthesis, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. We found NaCl decreased sulforaphane and glucosinolates (indolic and aliphatic) contents and downregulated expression of cytochrome P45083b1 (CYP83b1), S-alkyl-thiohydroximatelyase or carbon–sulfur lyase (SUR1) and UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1 (UGT74b1). MeJA increased sulforaphane and glucosinolates contents and upregulated the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1; Se increased sulforaphane; BR increased expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1, and increased glucosinolates contents. The desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases ST5a_b_c were decreased by all treatments. Conclusions We confirmed that NaCl inhibited the biosynthesis of both indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates, while MeJA and BR increased them. MeJA and BR treatments, conferred the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, and Se and MeJA contributed to sulforaphane in Chinese kale via regulating the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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Effect of eNOS on Ischemic Postconditioning-Induced Autophagy against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5201014. [PMID: 30881990 PMCID: PMC6387714 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the development of numerous illnesses, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) participates in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC). However, it remains unclear whether eNOS-mediated autophagy serves as a critical role in IPostC in the hearts of mice, in protecting against I/R injury. In the present study, the hearts of mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were studied as I/R models. H9c2 cells underwent exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and were examined as in vitro model. IPostC reduced mice myocardial infarct size and improved the structure of the heart. IPostC increased the formation of autophagosomes and increased the phosphorylation of eNOS and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Autophagy and eNOS inhibition suppressed the cardioprotective effects of IPostC. AMPK or eNOS inhibition abolished the improvement effect of IPostC on autophagy. AMPK inhibition decreased eNOS phosphorylation in the heart. Additionally, H9c2 cells suffering hypoxia were used as in vitro model. Autophagy or eNOS inhibition abolished the protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HPostC) against H/R injury. AMPK and eNOS inhibition/knockout decreased autophagic activity in the HPostC group. These results indicated that IPostC protects the heart against I/R injury, partially via promoting AMPK/eNOS-mediated autophagy.
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Rooney J, Oshida K, Vasani N, Vallanat B, Ryan N, Chorley BN, Wang X, Bell DA, Wu KC, Aleksunes LM, Klaassen CD, Kensler TW, Corton JC. Activation of Nrf2 in the liver is associated with stress resistance mediated by suppression of the growth hormone-regulated STAT5b transcription factor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200004. [PMID: 30114225 PMCID: PMC6095522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l2) induces expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. The cytoplasmic protein Keap1 interacts with and represses Nrf2 function. Computational approaches were developed to identify factors that modulate Nrf2 in a mouse liver gene expression compendium. Forty-eight Nrf2 biomarker genes were identified using profiles from the livers of mice in which Nrf2 was activated genetically in Keap1-null mice or chemically by a potent activator of Nrf2 signaling. The rank-based Running Fisher statistical test was used to determine the correlation between the Nrf2 biomarker genes and a test set of 81 profiles with known Nrf2 activation status demonstrating a balanced accuracy of 96%. For a large number of factors examined in the compendium, we found consistent relationships between activation of Nrf2 and feminization of the liver transcriptome through suppression of the male-specific growth hormone (GH)-regulated transcription factor STAT5b. The livers of female mice exhibited higher Nrf2 activation than male mice in untreated or chemical-treated conditions. In male mice, Nrf2 was activated by treatment with ethinyl estradiol, whereas in female mice, Nrf2 was suppressed by treatment with testosterone. Nrf2 was activated in 5 models of disrupted GH signaling containing mutations in Pit1, Prop1, Ghrh, Ghrhr, and Ghr. Out of 59 chemical treatments that activated Nrf2, 36 exhibited STAT5b suppression in the male liver. The Nrf2-STAT5b coupling was absent in in vitro comparisons of chemical treatments. Treatment of male and female mice with 11 chemicals that induce oxidative stress led to activation of Nrf2 to greater extents in females than males. The enhanced basal and inducible levels of Nrf2 activation in females relative to males provides a molecular explanation for the greater resistance often seen in females vs. males to age-dependent diseases and chemical-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rooney
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Keiyu Oshida
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Naresh Vasani
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Beena Vallanat
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Natalia Ryan
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Brian N. Chorley
- NHEERL, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Xuting Wang
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Bell
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Kai C. Wu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Son HJ, Han SH, Lee JA, Shin EJ, Hwang O. Potential repositioning of exemestane as a neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Res 2018; 51:633-645. [PMID: 28770670 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1353688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by selective degeneration of the nigral dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In the present study, we provide data that the synthetic steroid exemestane, which is currently being used to treat breast cancer, may be useful for PD therapy. In BV-2 microglial cells, exemestane activated the transcription factor Nrf2 and induced expression of the Nrf2-dependent genes that encode the antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, haem oxygenase-1, and glutamylcysteine ligase. It also downregulated gene expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, lowered the levels of NO and reactive oxygen species, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells. In CATH.a dopaminergic neuronal cells, exemestane also induced the same set of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme genes and provided neuroprotection against oxidative damage. In vivo, the drug protected the nigral dopaminergic neurons, decreased microglial activation, and prevented motor deficits in C57Bl/6 male mice that had been administered with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP. Taken together, the results suggested a utility of repositioning exemestane towards disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Son
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Se Hee Han
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ji Ae Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Shin
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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Nuvoli B, Camera E, Mastrofrancesco A, Briganti S, Galati R. Modulation of reactive oxygen species via ERK and STAT3 dependent signalling are involved in the response of mesothelioma cells to exemestane. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:266-277. [PMID: 29229551 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma is a deadly form of cancer. The prognosis is extremely poor due to the limited treatment modalities. Uptake of asbestos fibres, the leading cause of mesothelioma, lead to the accumulation of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Interestingly, increasing ROS production by using ROS-generating drugs may offer a strategy to selectively trigger cell death. Exemestane, an aromatase inhibitor, has previously shown anti-tumor properties in mesothelioma preclinical models suggesting a role of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in the drug response. As exemestane, in addition to blocking estrogen biosynthesis, generates ROS that are able to arrest the growth of breast cancer, we explored the role of ROS, antioxidant defense system, and ROS-induced signalling pathways in mesothelioma cells during exemestane response. Here we report that exemestane treatment reduced cell proliferation with an increase in ROS production and reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in MSTO-H211, Ist-Mes1, Ist-Mes2 and MPP89 exemestane-sensitive mesothelioma cell lines, but not in NCI-H2452 exemestane-insensitive mesothelioma cells. Exemestane induced a significant antioxidant response in NCI-H2452 cells, as highlighted by an increase in γ-glutamylcysteine levels, catalase (Cat), superoxide-dismutase and (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, responsible for drug insensitivity. Conversely, exemestane elevated ROS levels along with increased ERK phosphorylation and a reduction of p-STA3 in exemestane-sensitive mesothelioma cells. ROS generation was the crucial event of exemestane action because ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abrogated p-ERK and p-STAT3 modulation and cellular death. Exemestane also modulates ERK and STAT3 signalling via GPR30. Results indicate an essential role of ROS in the antiproliferative action of exemestane in mesothelioma cells. It is likely that the additional oxidative insults induced by exemestane results in the lethal effects of mesothelioma cells by increasing ROS production. As such, manipulating ROS levels with exemestane seems to be a feasible strategy to selectively kill mesothelioma cells with less toxicity to normal cells by regulating ERK and STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nuvoli
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agent Unit, Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Skin Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomics San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Skin Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomics San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Skin Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomics San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Rossella Galati
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agent Unit, Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
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Jiang Y, Li HY, Li XH, Lu J, Zhang Q, Bai CG, Chen Y. Therapeutic effects of isothiocyanate prodrugs on rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:737-741. [PMID: 29395981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates 7a and 7b have poor stability and aqueous solubility. To address these problems, prodrugs 8a and 8b were synthesized. Prodrugs 8a and 8b were stable in HEPES buffer at pH 4.4, but released the active compounds 7a and 7b in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 and in mouse plasma, respectively. Compound 8a and especially compound 8b showed anti-inflammatory effects. Compound 8b demonstrated significant efficacy in animal models of traumatic inflammation, acute inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Compound 8b also did not cause appreciable toxicity in mice after 5 weeks at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of BioMedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hui-Ying Li
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of BioMedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of BioMedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of BioMedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China
| | - Cui-Gai Bai
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of BioMedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yue Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, PR China.
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Kerns ML, Hakim JMC, Zieman A, Lu RG, Coulombe PA. Sexual Dimorphism in Response to an NRF2 Inducer in a Model for Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:1094-1100. [PMID: 29277538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex is an influential factor regarding pathophysiology and therapeutic response in human disease. Pachyonychia congenita is caused by mutations in keratin genes and typified by dystrophic lesions affecting nails, glands, oral mucosa, and palmar-plantar epidermis. Painful palmar-plantar keratoderma (PPK) severely impairs mobility in pachyonychia congenita. Mice genetically null for keratin 16 (Krt16), one of the genes mutated in pachyonychia congenita, develop pachyonychia congenita-like PPK. In male Krt16-/- mice, oxidative stress associated with impaired glutathione synthesis and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent gene expression precedes PPK onset, which can be prevented by topical sulforaphane-mediated activation of NRF2. We report here that sulforaphane treatment fails to activate NRF2 and prevent PPK in female Krt16-/- mice despite a similar set of molecular circumstances. Follow-up studies reveal a temporal shift in PPK onset in Krt16-/- females, coinciding with sex-specific fluctuations in footpad skin glutathione levels. Dual treatment with sulforaphane and diarylpropionitrile, an estrogen receptor beta selective agonist, results in NRF2 activation, normalization of glutathione levels, and prevention of PPK in female Krt16-/- mice. These findings point to a sex difference in NRF2 responsiveness that needs be considered when exploring NRF2 as a therapeutic target in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Kerns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill M C Hakim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail Zieman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rosemary G Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Exemestane Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promoting the Secretion of Interleukin 10. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3072745. [PMID: 29464186 PMCID: PMC5804406 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3072745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exemestane (EXE) is an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor mainly used as an adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women suffering from breast cancer. Besides inhibiting aromatase activity, EXE has multiple biological functions, such as antiproliferation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities which are all involved in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated the role of EXE during the progress of hepatic fibrosis. The effect of EXE on liver injury and fibrosis were assessed in two hepatic fibrosis rat models, which were induced by either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL). The influence of EXE treatment on activation and proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was observed in vitro. The results showed that EXE attenuated the liver fibrosis by decreasing the collagen deposition and α-SMA expression in vivo and inhibited the activation and proliferation of primary rat HSCs in vitro. Additionally, EXE promoted the secretion of antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in vivo and in HSC-T6 culture media. In conclusion, our findings reveal a new function of EXE on hepatic fibrosis and prompted its latent application in liver fibrotic-related disease.
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Low YS, Daugherty AC, Schroeder EA, Chen W, Seto T, Weber S, Lim M, Hastie T, Mathur M, Desai M, Farrington C, Radin AA, Sirota M, Kenkare P, Thompson CA, Yu PP, Gomez SL, Sledge GW, Kurian AW, Shah NH. Synergistic drug combinations from electronic health records and gene expression. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 24:565-576. [PMID: 27940607 PMCID: PMC6080645 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocw161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Using electronic health records (EHRs) and biomolecular data, we sought to discover drug pairs with synergistic repurposing potential. EHRs provide real-world treatment and outcome patterns, while complementary biomolecular data, including disease-specific gene expression and drug-protein interactions, provide mechanistic understanding. Method We applied Group Lasso INTERaction NETwork (glinternet), an overlap group lasso penalty on a logistic regression model, with pairwise interactions to identify variables and interacting drug pairs associated with reduced 5-year mortality using EHRs of 9945 breast cancer patients. We identified differentially expressed genes from 14 case-control human breast cancer gene expression datasets and integrated them with drug-protein networks. Drugs in the network were scored according to their association with breast cancer individually or in pairs. Lastly, we determined whether synergistic drug pairs found in the EHRs were enriched among synergistic drug pairs from gene-expression data using a method similar to gene set enrichment analysis. Results From EHRs, we discovered 3 drug-class pairs associated with lower mortality: anti-inflammatories and hormone antagonists, anti-inflammatories and lipid modifiers, and lipid modifiers and obstructive airway drugs. The first 2 pairs were also enriched among pairs discovered using gene expression data and are supported by molecular interactions in drug-protein networks and preclinical and epidemiologic evidence. Conclusions This is a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that a combination of complementary data sources, such as EHRs and gene expression, can corroborate discoveries and provide mechanistic insight into drug synergism for repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen S Low
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - William Chen
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tina Seto
- Clinical Informatics, Stanford University
| | | | - Michael Lim
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University
| | - Maya Mathur
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University
| | | | | | | | | | - Pragati Kenkare
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter P Yu
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University.,Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - George W Sledge
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Deng Z, Rong Y, Teng Y, Mu J, Zhuang X, Tseng M, Samykutty A, Zhang L, Yan J, Miller D, Suttles J, Zhang HG. Broccoli-Derived Nanoparticle Inhibits Mouse Colitis by Activating Dendritic Cell AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1641-1654. [PMID: 28274798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is continuously exposed to massive amounts of nanoparticles derived from food. Whether nanoparticles from plants we eat daily have a role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis is poorly defined. Here, we present evidence supporting our hypothesis that edible nanoparticles regulate intestinal immune homeostasis by targeting dendritic cells (DCs). Using three mouse colitis models, our data show that orally given nanoparticles isolated from broccoli extracts protect mice against colitis. Broccoli-derived nanoparticle (BDN)-mediated activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in DCs plays a role in not only prevention of DC activation but also induction of tolerant DCs. Adoptively transferring DCs pre-pulsed with total BDN lipids, but not sulforaphane (SFN)-depleted BDN lipids, prevented DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 (B6) mice, supporting the role of BDN SFN in the induction of DC tolerance. Adoptively transferring AMPK+/+, but not AMPK-/-, DCs pre-pulsed with SFN prevented DSS-induced colitis in B6 mice, further supporting the DC AMPK role in SFN-mediated prevention of DSS-induced colitis. This finding could open new preventive or therapeutic avenues to address intestinal-related inflammatory diseases via activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Deng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donald Miller
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Choi GJ, Kang H, Kim WJ, Kwon JW, Kim BG, Choi YS, Cha YJ, Ko JS. Rubus occidentalis analgesic effect in a rat model of incisional pain. J Surg Res 2016; 206:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sulforaphane Protects Pancreatic Acinar Cell Injury by Modulating Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7864150. [PMID: 27847555 PMCID: PMC5101394 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7864150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by early activation of intra-acinar proteases followed by acinar cell death and inflammation. Cellular oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying these pathological events. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural organosulfur antioxidant with undescribed effects on AP. Here we investigated modulatory effects of SFN on cellular oxidation and inflammation in AP. AP was induced by cerulean hyperstimulation in BALB/c mice. Treatment group received a single dose of 5 mg/kg SFN for 3 consecutive days before AP. We found that SFN administration attenuated pancreatic injury as evidenced by serum amylase, pancreatic edema, and myeloperoxidase, as well as by histological examination. SFN administration reverted AP-associated dysregulation of oxidative stress markers including pancreatic malondialdehyde and redox enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In acinar cells, SFN treatment upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and Nrf2-regulated redox genes including quinoneoxidoreductase-1, heme oxidase-1, SOD1, and GPx1. In addition, SFN selectively suppressed cerulein-induced activation of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, in parallel with reduced nuclear factor- (NF-) κB activation and modulated NF-κB-responsive cytokine expression. Together, our data suggested that SFN modulates Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NLRP3/NF-κB inflammatory pathways in acinar cells, thereby protecting against AP.
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De Logu F, Tonello R, Materazzi S, Nassini R, Fusi C, Coppi E, Li Puma S, Marone IM, Sadofsky LR, Morice AH, Susini T, Terreni A, Moneti G, Di Tommaso M, Geppetti P, Benemei S. TRPA1 Mediates Aromatase Inhibitor–Evoked Pain by the Aromatase Substrate Androstenedione. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7024-7035. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sobral AF, Amaral C, Correia-da-Silva G, Teixeira N. Unravelling exemestane: From biology to clinical prospects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:1-11. [PMID: 26992705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are anti-tumor agents used in clinic to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer. AIs block estrogens biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, preventing tumor progression. Exemestane, a third-generation steroidal AI, belongs to this class of drugs and is currently used in clinic to treat postmenopausal women, due to its high efficacy and good tolerability. Here, its pharmacological and biological aspects as well as its clinical applications and comparison to other endocrine therapeutic agents, are reviewed. It is also focused the benefits and risks of exemestane, drawbacks to be overcome and aspects to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Sobral
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Lee J, Ahn H, Hong EJ, An BS, Jeung EB, Lee GS. Sulforaphane attenuates activation of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes but not AIM2 inflammasome. Cell Immunol 2016; 306-307:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Choi GJ, Kang H, Kim WJ, Baek CW, Jung YH, Woo YC, Kwon JW. Rubus occidentalis alleviates hyperalgesia induced by repeated intramuscular injection of acidic saline in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 27400712 PMCID: PMC4940828 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) fruit extract (ROE) in a rat model of chronic muscle pain and examine the mechanisms involved. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used, and chronic muscle pain was induced by two injections of acidic saline into one gastrocnemius muscle. For the first experiment, 50 rats were randomly assigned to five groups. After the development of hyperalgesia, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9 % saline or ROE (10, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg). For the second experiment, 70 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline, yohimbine, dexmedetomidine, prazosin, atropine, mecamylamine, or naloxone after the development of hyperalgesia. Ten minutes later, ROE (300 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. For both experiments, the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was evaluated with von Frey filaments before the first acidic saline injection, 24 h after the second injection, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min, 24 and 48 h after the drug administration. Results Compared with the control group, the MWT significantly increased up to 45 min after injection of ROE 100 mg/kg and up to 60 min after injection of ROE 300 mg/kg, respectively. Injection of ROE together with yohimbine or mecamylamine significantly decreased the MWT compared with the effect of ROE alone, while ROE together with dexmedetomidine significantly increased the MWT. Conclusions ROE showed antinociceptive activity against induced chronic muscle pain, which may be mediated by α2-adrenergic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1192-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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46
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Sulforaphane regulates phenotypic and functional switching of both induced and spontaneously differentiating human monocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Jeong SJ, Kim OS, Yoo SR, Seo CS, Kim Y, Shin HK. Anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the traditional herbal formula Gwakhyangjeonggi‑san via enhancement of heme oxygenase‑1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4365-71. [PMID: 27052497 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gwakhyangjeonggi‑san (GHJGS) is a mixture of herbal plants, including Agastache rugosa, Perilla frutescens, Angelica dahurica, Areca catechu, Poria cocos, Magnolia officinalis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Citrus reticulata, Pinellia ternata, Platycodon grandiflorum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ziziphus jujuba and Zingiber officinale. GHJGS has been used for treating diarrhea‑predominant irritable bowel syndrome in traditional Korean medicine. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GHJGS were investigated using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. GHJGS significantly reduced production of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6 and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated macrophages. GHJGS markedly suppressed LPS‑induced phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases, whereas it had no effect on nuclear factor‑κB activation. Furthermore, GHJGS enhanced expression of heme oxygenase‑1 and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that GHJGS is a viable therapeutic agent against inflammation and oxidative stress‑associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Jeong
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohn-Soon Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Rom Yoo
- K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K‑herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Chungcheong 34054, Republic of Korea
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48
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Kotake-Nara E, Hase M, Kobayashi M, Nagao A. 3′-Hydroxy-ε,ε-caroten-3-one inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:518-23. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1095066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An oxidative metabolite of lutein, 3′-hydroxy-ε,ε-caroten-3-one, inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes and the subsequent triacylglycerol production, but lutein did not. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure of 3′-hydroxy-ε,ε-caroten-3-one was considered to participate in the inhibitory effect, suggesting that this lutein metabolite has the potential to prevent metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Food Resource Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Megumi Hase
- Food Resource Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kobayashi
- Food Resource Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nagao
- Food Resource Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Wu H, Kong L, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Luo M, Tan Y, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. Metallothionein plays a prominent role in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy by sulforaphane via up-regulation of Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:431-42. [PMID: 26415026 PMCID: PMC4684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes via up-regulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). However, it has not been addressed whether SFN also prevents DN from type 2 diabetes or which Nrf2 downstream gene(s) play(s) the key role in SFN renal protection. Here we investigated whether Nrf2 is required for SFN protection against type 2 diabetes-induced DN and whether metallothionein (MT) is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant using Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-null) mice. In addition, MT knockout mice were used to further verify if MT is indispensable for SFN protection against DN. Diabetes-increased albuminuria, renal fibrosis, and inflammation were significantly prevented by SFN, and Nrf2 and MT expression was increased. However, SFN renal protection was completely lost in Nrf2-null diabetic mice, confirming the pivotal role of Nrf2 in SFN protection from type 2 diabetes-induced DN. Moreover, SFN failed to up-regulate MT in the absence of Nrf2, suggesting that MT is an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant. MT deletion resulted in a partial, but significant attenuation of SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes, demonstrating a partial requirement for MT for SFN renal protection. Therefore, the present study demonstrates for the first time that as an Nrf2 downstream antioxidant, MT plays an important, though partial, role in mediating SFN renal protection from type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130041.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA, 40202; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, 325200.
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50
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Park JH, Choi JW, Ju EJ, Pae AN, Park KD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Natural Compound, Shizukahenriol, through Nrf2 Activation. Molecules 2015; 20:15989-6003. [PMID: 26364630 PMCID: PMC6332350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in the antioxidant defense system leads to detrimental consequences, such as neurological disorders. The Nrf2 signaling is known as a main pathway involved in cellular defense system. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress response by inducing expression of various antioxidant enzyme genes. In this study, we screened several pure natural compounds for Nrf2 activator. Among them, shizukahenriol (SZH), isolated from Chloranthus henryi, activated Nrf2, and induced expression of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM in BV-2 microglial cells. This natural compound was also effective in suppressing production of inflammatory molecules NO, TNF-α, and inhibition of NF-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. We also examined whether SZH rescued the microglial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. Pretreatment with SZH dose-dependently attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in BV-2 microglial cells. These results suggested SZH as a potential neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Ju
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
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