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Lapointe A, Kocademir M, Bergman P, Ragupathy IC, Laumann M, Underwood GJC, Zumbusch A, Spiteller D, Kroth PG. Characterization of polyphosphate dynamics in the widespread freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum under varying phosphorus supplies. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:624-638. [PMID: 38163284 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyP) are ubiquitous biomolecules that play a multitude of physiological roles in many cells. We have studied the presence and role of polyP in a unicellular alga, the freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum. This diatom stores up to 2.0 pg·cell-1 of polyP, with chain lengths ranging from 130 to 500 inorganic phosphate units (Pi). We applied energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman/fluorescence microscopy, and biochemical assays to localize and characterize the intracellular polyP granules that were present in large apical vacuoles. We investigated the fate of polyP in axenic A. minutissimum cells grown under phosphorus (P), replete (P(+)), or P deplete (P(-)) cultivation conditions and observed that in the absence of exogenous P, A. minutissimum rapidly utilizes their internal polyP reserves, maintaining their intrinsic growth rates for up to 8 days. PolyP-depleted A. minutissimum cells rapidly took up exogenous P a few hours after Pi resupply and generated polyP three times faster than cells that were not initially subjected to P limitation. Accordingly, we propose that A. minutissimum deploys a succession of acclimation strategies regarding polyP dynamics where the production or consumption of polyP plays a central role in the homeostasis of the diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lapointe
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Paavo Bergman
- Electron-Microscopy Centre, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Laumann
- Electron-Microscopy Centre, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Ma M, Jiang L, Xie Z, Liu M, Chen H, Yu Z, Pei H. Phosphorus-supplemented seawater-wastewater cyclic system for microalgal cultivation: Production of high-lipid and high-protein algae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130512. [PMID: 38437960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of wastewater after seawater cultivation is critically important. In this study, a phosphorus-supplemented seawater-wastewater cyclic system (PSSWCS) based on Chlorella pyrenoidosa SDEC-35 was developed. With the addition of phosphorus, the algal biomass and the ability to assimilate nitrogen and carbon were improved. At the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 20:1, the biomass productivity per mass of nitrogen reached 3.6 g g-1 (N) day-1 in the second cycle. After the third cycle the protein content reached 35.7% of dry mass, and the major metabolic substances in PSSWCS reached the highest content level of 89.5% (35.7% protein, 38.3% lipid, and 15.5% carbohydrate). After the fourth cycle the lipid content maintained at 40.1%. Furthermore, 100.0% recovery of wastewater in PSSWCS increased the nitrogen and carbon absorption to 15.0 and 396.8 g per tonne of seawater. This study achieved seawater-wastewater recycle and produced high-lipid and high-protein algae by phosphorus addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
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3
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Chen T, Chen X, Sun H, Zhang H, Bai J. Unveiling the responses of Alexandrium pacificum to phosphorus utilization by physiological and transcriptomic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168759. [PMID: 37996019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient impacting bloom formation of marine dinoflagellates. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum is a cosmopolitan species known to frequently cause dense blooms in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide, while the physiological and molecular responses of A. pacificum to P utilization are still not well understood. Herein, the growth, P utilization, toxin production and transcriptomes of A. pacificum grown under P-deficient, inorganic P-replete, and organic P-replete conditions were compared. The results indicated that P-deficient adversely affected the growth of A. pacificum and significantly down-regulated the expression of genes related to P transport and material metabolism, but enhanced the production of toxin. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in growth and toxin production between the organic and inorganic P-replete treatments. However, genes involved in P transport, utilization and TCA cycle were significantly changed in the organic P-replete compared with the inorganic P-replete group, and the mechanisms underlying the use of various organic P compounds were different. These findings suggested that A. pacificum evolved diverse organic P utilization strategies to adapt to low P conditions, which might be a crucial factor driving bloom formation in a low inorganic P environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huichen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Garcia NS, Du M, Guindani M, McIlvin MR, Moran DM, Saito MA, Martiny AC. Proteome trait regulation of marine Synechococcus elemental stoichiometry under global change. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae046. [PMID: 38513256 PMCID: PMC11020310 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated regional differences in marine ecosystem C:N:P with implications for carbon and nutrient cycles. Due to strong co-variance, temperature and nutrient stress explain variability in C:N:P equally well. A reductionistic approach can link changes in individual environmental drivers with changes in biochemical traits and cell C:N:P. Thus, we quantified effects of temperature and nutrient stress on Synechococcus chemistry using laboratory chemostats, chemical analyses, and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry proteomics. Nutrient supply accounted for most C:N:Pcell variability and induced tradeoffs between nutrient acquisition and ribosomal proteins. High temperature prompted heat-shock, whereas thermal effects via the "translation-compensation hypothesis" were only seen under P-stress. A Nonparametric Bayesian Local Clustering algorithm suggested that changes in lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and C-rich compatible solutes may also contribute to C:N:P regulation. Physiological responses match field-based trends in ecosystem stoichiometry and suggest a hierarchical environmental regulation of current and future ocean C:N:P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Garcia
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Mingyu Du
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Matthew R McIlvin
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Dawn M Moran
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Mak A Saito
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Adam C Martiny
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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Sunda WG, Marchetti A. Proton-pumping rhodopsins promote the growth and survival of phytoplankton in a highly variable ocean. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae079. [PMID: 38696358 PMCID: PMC11104272 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- William G Sunda
- Department of Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Adrian Marchetti
- Department of Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Broek TAB, McCarthy MD, Ianiri HL, Vaughn JS, Mason HE, Knapp AN. Dominant heterocyclic composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in the ocean: A new paradigm for cycling and persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305763120. [PMID: 38015845 PMCID: PMC10710018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305763120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is one of the planet's largest reservoirs of fixed N, which persists even in the N-limited oligotrophic surface ocean. The vast majority of the ocean's total DON reservoir is refractory (RDON), primarily composed of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds in the subsurface and deep sea. However, the composition of this major N pool, as well as the reasons for its accumulation and persistence, are not understood. Past characterization of the analytically more tractable, but quantitatively minor, high molecular weight (HMW) DON fraction revealed a functionally simple amide-dominated composition. While extensive work in the past two decades has revealed enormous complexity and structural diversity in LMW dissolved organic carbon, no efforts have specifically targeted LMW nitrogenous molecules. Here, we report the first coupled isotopic and solid-state NMR structural analysis of LMW DON isolated throughout the water column in two ocean basins. Together these results provide a first view into the composition, potential sources, and cycling of this dominant portion of marine DON. Our data indicate that RDON is dominated by 15N-depleted heterocyclic-N structures, entirely distinct from previously characterized HMW material. This fundamentally new view of marine DON composition suggests an important structural control for RDON accumulation and persistence in the ocean. The mechanisms of production, cycling, and removal of these heterocyclic-N-containing compounds now represents a central challenge in our understanding of the ocean's DON reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. B. Broek
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
- Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | | | - Hope L. Ianiri
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
| | - John S. Vaughn
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - Harris E. Mason
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - Angela N. Knapp
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32304
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Jin WY, Chen XW, Tan JZ, Lin X, Ou LJ. Variation in intracellular polyphosphate and associated gene expression in response to different phosphorus conditions in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102532. [PMID: 37951614 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) has long been recognized as a crucial intracellular reservoir for phosphorus in microorganisms. However, the dynamics of polyP and its regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic phytoplankton in response to variations in external phosphorus conditions remain poorly understood. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to examine the intracellular polyP-associated metabolic response of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi, a harmful algal bloom species, through integrated physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses under varying external phosphorus conditions. Comparable growth curves and Fv/Fm between phosphorus-replete conditions and phosphorus-depleted conditions suggested that K. mikimotoi has a strong capability to mobilize the intracellular phosphorus pool for growth under phosphorus deficiency. Intracellular phosphate (IPi) and polyP contributed approximately 6-23 % and 1-3 %, respectively, to the overall particulate phosphorus (PP) content under different phosphorus conditions. The significant decrease in PP and increase in polyP:PP suggested that cellular phosphorus components other than polyP are preferred for utilization under phosphorus deficiency. Genes involved in polyP synthesis and hydrolysis were upregulated to maintain phosphorus homeostasis in K. mikimotoi. These findings provide novel insights into the specific cellular strategies for phosphorus storage and the transcriptional response in intracellular polyP metabolism in K. mikimotoi. Additionally, these results also indicate that polyP may not play a crucial role in cellular phosphorus storage in phytoplankton, at least in dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Jin
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Wenzhou Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wu Chen
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tan
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Lin-Jian Ou
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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8
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Lu Z, He S, Kashif M, Zhang Z, Mo S, Su G, Du L, Jiang C. Effect of ammonium stress on phosphorus solubilization of a novel marine mangrove microorganism Bacillus aryabhattai NM1-A2 as revealed by integrated omics analysis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:550. [PMID: 37723472 PMCID: PMC10506230 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can alleviate available P deficiency and enhance plant growth in an eco-friendly way. Although ammonium toxicity is widespread, there is little understanding about the effect of ammonium stress on phosphorus solubilization (PS) of PSMs. RESULTS In this study, seven PSMs were isolated from mangrove sediments. The soluble phosphate concentration in culture supernatant of Bacillus aryabhattai NM1-A2 reached a maximum of 196.96 mg/L at 250 mM (NH4)2SO4. Whole-genome analysis showed that B. aryabhattai NM1-A2 contained various genes related to ammonium transporter (amt), ammonium assimilation (i.e., gdhA, gltB, and gltD), organic acid synthesis (i.e., ackA, fdhD, and idh), and phosphate transport (i.e., pstB and pstS). Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of amt, gltB, gltD, ackA and idh were downregulated, while gdhA and fdhD were upregulated. The inhibition of ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway contributed to reducing energy loss. For ammonium assimilation under ammonium stress, accompanied by protons efflux, the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway was the main approach. More 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) was induced to provide abundant carbon skeletons. The downregulation of formate dehydrogenase and high glycolytic rate resulted in the accumulation of formic acid and acetic acid, which played key roles in PS under ammonium stress. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of 2-OG and the inhibition of GS/GOGAT pathway played a key role in ammonium detoxification. The secretion of protons, formic acid and acetic acid was related to PS. Our work provides new insights into the PS mechanism, which will provide theoretical guidance for the application of PSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Sheng He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defect prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Health Care Hospital, Nanning, 530033, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Zufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shuming Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guijiao Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linfang Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Chengjian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
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9
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Lin S. Phosphate limitation and ocean acidification co-shape phytoplankton physiology and community structure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2699. [PMID: 37164960 PMCID: PMC10172356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
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10
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Su B, Song X, Duhamel S, Mahaffey C, Davis C, Ivančić I, Liu J. A dataset of global ocean alkaline phosphatase activity. Sci Data 2023; 10:205. [PMID: 37055424 PMCID: PMC10102321 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilisation of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by marine microbes as an alternative phosphorus (P) source when phosphate is scarce can help sustain non-Redfieldian carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratios and efficient ocean carbon export. However, global spatial patterns and rates of microbial DOP utilisation are poorly investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an important enzyme group that facilitates the remineralisation of DOP to phosphate and thus its activity is a good proxy for DOP-utilisation, particularly in P-stressed regions. We present a Global Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Dataset (GAPAD) with 4083 measurements collected from 79 published manuscripts and one database. Measurements are organised into four groups based on substrate and further subdivided into seven size fractions based on filtration pore size. The dataset is globally distributed and covers major oceanic regions, with most measurements collected in the upper 20 m of low-latitude oceanic regions during summer since 1997. This dataset can help support future studies assessing global ocean P supply from DOP utilisation and provide a useful data reference for both field investigations and modelling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Su
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xianrui Song
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Claire Mahaffey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Clare Davis
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Now at Springer Nature, London, UK
| | - Ingrid Ivančić
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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11
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The proteome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during phosphorus depletion and repletion. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Brownlee C, Helliwell KE, Meeda Y, McLachlan D, Murphy EA, Wheeler GL. Regulation and integration of membrane transport in marine diatoms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:79-89. [PMID: 35305902 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms represent one of the most successful groups of marine phytoplankton and are major contributors to ocean biogeochemical cycling. They have colonized marine, freshwater and ice environments and inhabit all regions of the World's oceans, from poles to tropics. Their success is underpinned by a remarkable ability to regulate their growth and metabolism during nutrient limitation and to respond rapidly when nutrients are available. This requires precise regulation of membrane transport and nutrient acquisition mechanisms, integration of nutrient sensing mechanisms and coordination of different transport pathways. This review outlines transport mechanisms involved in acquisition of key nutrients (N, C, P, Si, Fe) by marine diatoms, illustrating their complexity, sophistication and multiple levels of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Katherine E Helliwell
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Yasmin Meeda
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Deirdre McLachlan
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Eleanor A Murphy
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Glen L Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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13
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Jentzsch L, Grossart HP, Plewe S, Schulze-Makuch D, Goldhammer T. Response of cyanobacterial mats to ambient phosphate fluctuations: phosphorus cycling, polyphosphate accumulation and stoichiometric flexibility. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:6. [PMID: 36697704 PMCID: PMC9876960 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial mats inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats, including the most extreme environments on Earth. They can thrive in a wide range of phosphorus (P) levels and are thus important players for ecosystem primary production and P cycling at the sediment-water interface. Polyphosphate (polyP), the major microbial P storage molecule, is assigned a critical role in compensating for phosphate fluctuations in planktonic cyanobacteria, but little is known about potentially analogous mechanisms of mat-forming cyanobacteria. To investigate acclimation strategies of cyanobacterial mats to fluctuating phosphate concentrations, laboratory batch experiments were conducted, in which the cosmopolitan mat-forming, marine cyanobacterium Sodalinema stali was exposed to low dissolved P concentrations, followed by a P pulse. Our results show that the cyanobacteria dynamically adjusted cellular P content to ambient phosphate concentrations and that they had accumulated polyP during periods of high phosphate availability, which was subsequently recycled to sustain growth during phosphate scarcity. However, following the depletion of dispensable cellular P sources, including polyP, we observed a reallocation of P contained in DNA into polyP, accompanied by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity. This suggests a change of the metabolic focus from growth towards maintenance and the attempt to acquire organic P, which would be naturally contained in the sediment. P overplus uptake following a simulated P pulse further suggests that Sodalinema-dominated mats exhibit elaborated mechanisms to cope with severe P fluctuations to overcome unfavourable environmental conditions, and potentially modulate critical P fluxes in the aquatic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jentzsch
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
- Astrobiology Research Group, Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775, Stechlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sascha Plewe
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Schulze-Makuch
- Astrobiology Research Group, Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775, Stechlin, Germany
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Section Geomicrobiology, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Goldhammer
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Santoro M, Hassenrück C, Labrenz M, Hagemann M. Acclimation of Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 to inorganic phosphate limitation - Identification of the P-limitation stimulon via RNA-seq. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1082763. [PMID: 36687591 PMCID: PMC9846622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodularia spumigena is a toxic, filamentous cyanobacterium capable of fixing atmospheric N2, which is often dominating cyanobacterial bloom events in the Baltic Sea and other brackish water systems worldwide. Increasing phosphate limitation has been considered as one environmental factor promoting cyanobacterial mass developments. In the present study, we analyzed the response of N. spumigena strain CCY9414 toward strong phosphate limitation. Growth of the strain was diminished under P-deplete conditions; however, filaments contained more polyphosphate under P-deplete compared to P-replete conditions. Using RNA-seq, gene expression was compared in N. spumigena CCY9414 after 7 and 14 days in P-deplete and P-replete conditions, respectively. After 7 days, 112 genes were significantly up-regulated in P-deplete filaments, among them was a high proportion of genes encoding proteins related to P-homeostasis such as transport systems for different P species. Many of these genes became also up-regulated after 14 days compared to 7 days in filaments grown under P-replete conditions, which was consistent with the almost complete consumption of dissolved P in these cultures after 14 days. In addition to genes directly related to P starvation, genes encoding proteins for bioactive compound synthesis, gas vesicles formation, or sugar catabolism were stimulated under P-deplete conditions. Collectively, our data describe an experimentally validated P-stimulon in N. spumigena CCY9414 and provide the indication that severe P limitation could indeed support bloom formation by this filamentous strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Santoro
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany,Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Hassenrück
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Labrenz
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany,*Correspondence: Martin Hagemann,
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15
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Jonas L, Hill R. Uptake of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds by two marine sponges and their associated bacterial communities in aquaria. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6128-6143. [PMID: 36254722 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are abundant filter-feeders in benthic ecosystems and many host copious microorganisms. Sponges and their symbionts have emerged as major players within marine biogeochemical cycles, facilitating uptake and release of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Sponge holobionts' role in transforming dissolved carbon and nitrogen is well established; however, the same depth of understanding has not yet been extended to phosphorus. In this aquaria-based study, 32 P-labelled orthophosphate and ATP were used to determine that two sponges, Lendenfeldia chondrodes and Hymeniacidon heliophila, both take up ambient dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Subsequent genetic analyses and chemical extraction showed that sponge symbionts have the potential to synthesise polyphosphate (poly-P) and that this energy-rich form of stored phosphorus is present in both sponges. L. chondrodes, an oligotrophic sponge with a microbiome dominated by cyanobacteria, stores more phosphorus as poly-P (6%-8% of total phosphorus) than H. heliophila (0.55%), a eutrophic sponge with low cyanobacterial abundance. DIP/DOP uptake, as well as poly-P storage, may be driven by two factors: cyanobacterial abundance and nutrient availability. Considering their prevalence in phosphorus-limited ecosystems and their ability to pump large amounts of seawater, sponge holobionts are likely to be key players within benthic phosphorus cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jonas
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Phosphate limitation intensifies negative effects of ocean acidification on globally important nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6730. [PMID: 36344528 PMCID: PMC9640675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of the prominent nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is often limited by phosphorus availability in the ocean. How nitrogen fixation by phosphorus-limited Trichodesmium may respond to ocean acidification remains poorly understood. Here, we use phosphate-limited chemostat experiments to show that acidification enhanced phosphorus demands and decreased phosphorus-specific nitrogen fixation rates in Trichodesmium. The increased phosphorus requirements were attributed primarily to elevated cellular polyphosphate contents, likely for maintaining cytosolic pH homeostasis in response to acidification. Alongside the accumulation of polyphosphate, decreased NADP(H):NAD(H) ratios and impaired chlorophyll synthesis and energy production were observed under acidified conditions. Consequently, the negative effects of acidification were amplified compared to those demonstrated previously under phosphorus sufficiency. Estimating the potential implications of this finding, using outputs from the Community Earth System Model, predicts that acidification and dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus stress could synergistically cause an appreciable decrease in global Trichodesmium nitrogen fixation by 2100.
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17
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Isanta‐Navarro J, Prater C, Peoples LM, Loladze I, Phan T, Jeyasingh PD, Church MJ, Kuang Y, Elser JJ. Revisiting the growth rate hypothesis: Towards a holistic stoichiometric understanding of growth. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2324-2339. [PMID: 36089849 PMCID: PMC9595043 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) posits that variation in organismal stoichiometry (C:P and N:P ratios) is driven by growth-dependent allocation of P to ribosomal RNA. The GRH has found broad but not uniform support in studies across diverse biota and habitats. We synthesise information on how and why the tripartite growth-RNA-P relationship predicted by the GRH may be uncoupled and outline paths for both theoretical and empirical work needed to broaden the working domain of the GRH. We found strong support for growth to RNA (r2 = 0.59) and RNA-P to P (r2 = 0.63) relationships across taxa, but growth to P relationships were relatively weaker (r2 = 0.09). Together, the GRH was supported in ~50% of studies. Mechanisms behind GRH uncoupling were diverse but could generally be attributed to physiological (P accumulation in non-RNA pools, inactive ribosomes, translation elongation rates and protein turnover rates), ecological (limitation by resources other than P), and evolutionary (adaptation to different nutrient supply regimes) causes. These factors should be accounted for in empirical tests of the GRH and formalised mathematically to facilitate a predictive understanding of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Isanta‐Navarro
- Flathead Lake Biological StationUniversity of MontanaPolsonMontanaUSA,Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of OklahomaStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Logan M. Peoples
- Flathead Lake Biological StationUniversity of MontanaPolsonMontanaUSA
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE, USA and School of Mathematical & Statistical SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Tin Phan
- Division of Theoretical Biology and BiophysicsLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Matthew J. Church
- Flathead Lake Biological StationUniversity of MontanaPolsonMontanaUSA
| | - Yang Kuang
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - James J. Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological StationUniversity of MontanaPolsonMontanaUSA
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18
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Ji N, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Xu M, Yin X, Shen X. Transcriptomic response of the harmful algae Heterosigma akashiwo to polyphosphate utilization and phosphate stress. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102267. [PMID: 35944950 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major macronutrients necessary for phytoplankton growth. In some parts of the ocean, however, P is frequently scarce, hence, there is limited phytoplankton growth. To cope with P deficiency, phytoplankton evolved a variety of strategies, including, utilization of different P sources. Polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitously present and serves an essential function in aquatic environments, but it is unclear if and how this polymer is utilized by phytoplankton. Here, we examined the physiological and molecular responses of the widely present harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Heterosigma akashiwo in polyP utilization, and in coping with P-deficiency. Our results revealed that two forms of inorganic polyP, namely, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, support H. akashiwo growth as efficiently as orthophosphate. However, few genes involved in polyP utilization have been identified. Under P-deficient conditions, genes associated with P transport, dissolved organic P utilization, sulfolipid synthesis, and energy production, were markedly elevated. In summary, our results indicate that polyP is bioavailable to H. akashiwo, and this HAB species have evolved a comprehensive strategy to cope with P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang 222005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Junyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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19
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Xiao M, Burford MA, Wood SA, Aubriot L, Ibelings BW, Prentice MJ, Galvanese EF, Harris TD, Hamilton DP. Schindler's legacy: from eutrophic lakes to the phosphorus utilization strategies of cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6617595. [PMID: 35749580 PMCID: PMC9629505 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
David Schindler and his colleagues pioneered studies in the 1970s on the role of phosphorus in stimulating cyanobacterial blooms in North American lakes. Our understanding of the nuances of phosphorus utilization by cyanobacteria has evolved since that time. We review the phosphorus utilization strategies used by cyanobacteria, such as use of organic forms, alternation between passive and active uptake, and luxury storage. While many aspects of physiological responses to phosphorus of cyanobacteria have been measured, our understanding of the critical processes that drive species diversity, adaptation and competition remains limited. We identify persistent critical knowledge gaps, particularly on the adaptation of cyanobacteria to low nutrient concentrations. We propose that traditional discipline-specific studies be adapted and expanded to encompass innovative new methodologies and take advantage of interdisciplinary opportunities among physiologists, molecular biologists, and modellers, to advance our understanding and prediction of toxic cyanobacteria, and ultimately to mitigate the occurrence of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Corresponding author: Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Phytoplankton Physiology and Ecology Group, Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1290, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Prentice
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Elena F Galvanese
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 81531-998, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS, 66047, United States
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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20
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Wang J, Wagner ND, Fulton JM, Scott JT. Dynamic Phycobilin Pigment Variations in Diazotrophic and Non-diazotrophic Cyanobacteria Batch Cultures Under Different Initial Nitrogen Concentrations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:850997. [PMID: 35722313 PMCID: PMC9201475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.850997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading has led to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, which is the major cause of harmful cyanobacteria blooms. Element stoichiometry of cyanobacteria bloom is subject to nutrient availabilities and may significantly contribute to primary production and biogeochemical cycling. Phycobilisome is the antenna of the photosynthetic pigment apparatus in cyanobacteria, which contains phycobilin pigments (PBPs) and linker proteins. This nitrogen (N)-rich protein complex has the potential to support growth as a N-storage site and may play a major role in the variability of cyanobacteria N stoichiometry. However, the regulation of PBPs during bloom formation remains unclear. We investigated the temporal variation of N allocation into PBPs and element stoichiometry for two ubiquitous cyanobacteria species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum flos-aquae, in a batch culture experiment with different initial N availabilities. Our results indicated that the N allocation into PBPs is species-dependent and tightly regulated by the availability of nutrients fueling population expansion. During the batch culture experiment, different nutrient uptake rates led to distinct stoichiometric imbalances of N and phosphorus (P), which substantially altered cyanobacteria C: N and C: P stoichiometry. Microcystis invested cellular N into PBPs and exhibited greater flexibility in C: N and C: P stoichiometry than D. flos-aquae. The dynamics of such N-rich macromolecules may help explain the N stoichiometry variation during a bloom and the interspecific difference between M. aeruginosa and D. flos-aquae. Our study provides a quantitative understanding of the elemental stoichiometry and the regulation of PBPs for non-diazotrophic and diazotrophic cyanobacteria blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Wang,
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - James M. Fulton
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - J. Thad Scott
- The Institute of Ecological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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21
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Phosphonate production by marine microbes: Exploring new sources and potential function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113386119. [PMID: 35254902 PMCID: PMC8931226 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113386119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonates are a class of phosphorus metabolites characterized by a highly stable C-P bond. Phosphonates accumulate to high concentrations in seawater, fuel a large fraction of marine methane production, and serve as a source of phosphorus to microbes inhabiting nutrient-limited regions of the oligotrophic ocean. Here, we show that 15% of all bacterioplankton in the surface ocean have genes phosphonate synthesis and that most belong to the abundant groups Prochlorococcus and SAR11. Genomic and chemical evidence suggests that phosphonates are incorporated into cell-surface phosphonoglycoproteins that may act to mitigate cell mortality by grazing and viral lysis. These results underscore the large global biogeochemical impact of relatively rare but highly expressed traits in numerically abundant groups of marine bacteria. Phosphonates are organophosphorus metabolites with a characteristic C-P bond. They are ubiquitous in the marine environment, their degradation broadly supports ecosystem productivity, and they are key components of the marine phosphorus (P) cycle. However, the microbial producers that sustain the large oceanic inventory of phosphonates as well as the physiological and ecological roles of phosphonates are enigmatic. Here, we show that phosphonate synthesis genes are rare but widely distributed among diverse bacteria and archaea, including Prochlorococcus and SAR11, the two major groups of bacteria in the ocean. In addition, we show that Prochlorococcus can allocate over 40% of its total cellular P-quota toward phosphonate production. However, we find no evidence that Prochlorococcus uses phosphonates for surplus P storage, and nearly all producer genomes lack the genes necessary to degrade and assimilate phosphonates. Instead, we postulate that phosphonates are associated with cell-surface glycoproteins, suggesting that phosphonates mediate ecological interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment. Our findings indicate that the oligotrophic surface ocean phosphonate pool is sustained by a relatively small fraction of the bacterioplankton cells allocating a significant portion of their P quotas toward secondary metabolism and away from growth and reproduction.
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22
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Adams JC, Steffen R, Chou CW, Duhamel S, Diaz JM. Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization by the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 reveals chain length-dependent polyphosphate degradation. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2259-2269. [PMID: 35102659 PMCID: PMC9303572 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is a critical nutritional resource for marine microbial communities. However, the relative bioavailability of different types of DOP, such as phosphomonoesters (P‐O‐C) and phosphoanhydrides (P‐O‐P), is poorly understood. Here we assess the utilization of these P sources by a representative bacterial copiotroph, Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS‐3. All DOP sources supported equivalent growth by R. pomeroyi, and all DOP hydrolysis rates were upregulated under phosphorus depletion (−P). A long‐chain polyphosphate (45polyP) showed the lowest hydrolysis rate of all DOP substrates tested, including tripolyphosphate (3polyP). Yet the upregulation of 45polyP hydrolysis under −P was greater than any other substrate analyzed. Proteomics revealed three common P acquisition enzymes potentially involved in polyphosphate utilization, including two alkaline phosphatases, PhoD and PhoX, and one 5′‐nucleotidase (5′‐NT). Results from DOP substrate competition experiments show that these enzymes likely have broad substrate specificities, including chain length‐dependent reactivity toward polyphosphate. These results confirm that DOP, including polyP, are bioavailable nutritional P sources for R. pomeroyi, and possibly other marine heterotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the chain‐length dependent mechanisms, rates and regulation of polyP hydrolysis suggest that these processes may influence the composition of DOP and the overall recycling of nutrients within marine dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamee C Adams
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rachel Steffen
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chau-Wen Chou
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA
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23
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Bi R, Cao Z, Ismar-Rebitz SMH, Sommer U, Zhang H, Ding Y, Zhao M. Responses of Marine Diatom-Dinoflagellate Competition to Multiple Environmental Drivers: Abundance, Elemental, and Biochemical Aspects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731786. [PMID: 34526982 PMCID: PMC8435848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean-related global change has strongly affected the competition between key marine phytoplankton groups, such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, especially with the deleterious consequency of the increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms. The dominance of diatoms generally shifts toward that of dinoflagellates in response to increasing temperature and reduced nutrient availability; however, contradictory findings have also been observed in certain sea areas. A key challenge in ecology and biogeochemistry is to quantitatively determine the effects of multiple environmental factors on the diatom-dinoflagellate community and the related changes in elemental and biochemical composition. Here, we test the interplay between temperature, nutrient concentrations and their ratios on marine diatom-dinoflagellate competition and chemical composition using bi-algal competition experiments. The ubiquitous diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum were cultivated semi-continuously, provided with different N and P concentrations (three different levels) and ratios (10:1, 24:1, and 63:1 molar ratios) under three temperatures (12, 18, and 24°C). The responses of diatom-dinoflagellate competition were analyzed by a Lotka-Volterra model and quantified by generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized additive models (GAMs). The changes in nutrient concentrations significantly affected diatom-dinoflagellate competition, causing a competitive superiority of the diatoms at high nutrient concentrations, independent of temperature and N:P supply ratios. Interestingly, the effect amplitude of nutrient concentrations varied with different temperatures, showing a switch back toward a competitive superiority of the dinoflagellates at the highest temperature and at very high nutrient concentrations. The ratios of particulate organic nitrogen to phosphorus showed significant negative correlations with increasing diatoms/dinoflagellates ratios, while lipid biomarkers (fatty acids and sterols) correlated positively with increasing diatoms/dinoflagellates ratios over the entire ranges of temperature, N and P concentrations and N:P ratios. Our results indicate that the integration of phytoplankton community structure and chemical composition provides an important step forward to quantitatively understand and predict how phytoplankton community changes affect ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Ulrich Sommer
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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24
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Berthold M, Campbell DA. Restoration, conservation and phytoplankton hysteresis. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab062. [PMID: 34394942 PMCID: PMC8361504 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton growth depends not only upon external factors that are not strongly altered by the presence of phytoplankton, such as temperature, but also upon factors that are strongly influenced by activity of phytoplankton, including photosynthetically active radiation, and the availability of the macronutrients carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and, for some, silicate. Since phytoplankton therefore modify, and to an extent create, their own habitats, established phytoplankton communities can show resistance and resilience to change, including managed changes in nutrient regimes. Phytoplankton blooms and community structures can be predicted from the overall biogeochemical setting and inputs, but restorations may be influenced by the physiological responses of established phytoplankton taxa to nutrient inputs, temperature, second-order changes in illumination and nutrient recycling. In this review we discuss the contributions of phytoplankton ecophysiology to biogeochemical hysteresis and possible effects on community composition in the face of management, conservation or remediation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Berthold
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1C9, Canada
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1C9, Canada
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Periphytic microbial response to environmental phosphate bioavailability - relevance to P management in paddy fields. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0120121. [PMID: 34347511 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01201-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periphyton occurs widely in shallow-water ecosystems such as paddy fields and plays critical parts in regulating local phosphorus cycling. As such, understanding the mechanisms of the biofilm's response to environmental P variability may lead to better perceptions of P utilization and retention in rice farms. Present study aims at exploring the biological and biochemical processes underlying periphyton's P buffering capability through examining changes in community structure, phosphorus uptake and storage, and molecular makeup of exometabolome at different levels of P availability. Under stressed (both excessive and scarce) phosphorus conditions, we found increased populations of the bacterial genus capable of transforming orthophosphate to polyphosphate, as well as mixotrophic algae who can survive through phagotrophy. These results were corroborated by observed polyphosphate buildup under low and high P treatment. Exometabolomic analyses further revealed that periphytic organisms may substitute S-containing lipids for phospholipids, use siderophores to dissolve iron (hydr)oxides to scavenge adsorbed P, and synthesize auxins to resist phosphorus starvation. These findings not only shed light on the mechanistic insights responsible for driving the periphytic P buffer but attest to the ecological roles of periphyton in aiding plants such as rice to overcome P limitations in natural environment. Importance The ability of periphyton to buffer environmental P in shallow aquatic ecosystems may be a natural lesson on P utilization and retention in paddy fields. This work revealed the routes and tools through which periphytic organisms adapt to and regulate ambient P fluctuation. The mechanistic understanding further implicates that the biofilm may serve rice plants to alleviate P stress. Additional results from extracellular metabolite analyses suggest the dissolved periphytic exometabolome can be a valuable nutrient source for soil microbes and plants to reduce biosynthetic costs. These discoveries have the potential to improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in general and to refine P management strategies for rice farm in particular.
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Increasing Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency by Phosphorus-Starved Microalgae for Municipal Wastewater Post-Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081598. [PMID: 34442678 PMCID: PMC8399584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris, Botryococcus braunii, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and Tetradesmus obliquus were studied for enhanced phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater after their exposure to phosphorus starvation. Microalgae were exposed to phosphorus starvation conditions for three and five days and then used in a batch experiment to purify an effluent from a small WWTP. After 3-day P-starvation, C. vulgaris biomass growth rate increased by 50% and its PO4 removal rate reached > 99% within 7 days. B. braunii maintained good biomass growth rate and nutrient removal regardless of the P-starvation. All species showed 2–5 times higher alkaline phosphatase activity increase for P-starved biomass than at the reference conditions, responding to the decline of PO4 concentration in wastewater and biomass poly-P content. The overall efficiency of biomass P-starvation on enhanced phosphorus uptake was found to be dependent on the species, N/P molar ratio in the wastewater, as well as the biomass P content.
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27
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Chen Q, Liu D. Molecular responses to inorganic and organic phosphorus sources in the growth and toxin formation of Microcystis aeruginosa. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117048. [PMID: 33773451 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria bloom is a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide in eutrophic lakes or reservoirs. Microcystis, is a cosmopolitan genus in cyanobacteria and exists in many different forms. Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) can produce microcystins (MCs) with strong liver toxicity during its growth and decomposition. Phosphorus (P) is a typical growth limiting factor of M. aeruginosa. Though different forms and concentrations of P are common in natural water, the molecular responses in the growth and MCs formation of M. aeruginosa remain unclear. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the uptake of P, cell activity, MCs release, and related gene expression under different concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). We found that the growth of M. aeruginosa was promoted by increasing DIP concentration but coerced under high concentration (0.6 and 1.0 mg P/L) of DOP after P starvation. The growth stress was not related to the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). Although alkaline phosphatase (AP) could convert DOP into algae absorbable DIP, the growth status of M. aeruginosa mainly depended on the response mechanism of phosphate transporter expression to the extracellular P concentration. High-concentration DIP promoted MCs production in M. aeruginosa, while high-concentration DOP triggered the release of intracellular MCs rather than affecting MCs production. Our study revealed the molecular responses of algal growth and toxin formation under different P sources, and provided a theoretical basis and novel idea for risk management of eutrophic lakes and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Holm HC, Van Mooy BAS, Francesconi KA. Arsenolipids in Plankton from High- and Low-Nutrient Oceanic Waters Along a Transect in the North Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5515-5524. [PMID: 33789045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the natural occurrence of arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) in marine organisms is now well established, the possible role of these unusual compounds in organisms and in the cycling of arsenic in marine systems remains largely unexplored. We report the finding of arsenolipids in 61 plankton samples collected from surface marine waters of high- and low-nutrient content along a transect spanning the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to both elemental and molecular mass spectrometry, we show that all 61 plankton samples contained six identifiable arsenolipids, namely, three arsenosugar phospholipids (AsPL958, 10-13%; AsPL978, 13-25%; and AsPL1006, 7-10% of total arsenolipids), two arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC332, 4-10% and AsHC360, 1-2%), and a methoxy-sugar arsenolipid that contained phytol (AsSugPhytol, 1-3%). The relative amounts of the six arsenolipids showed clear dependence on the nutrient status of the ambient water with plankton collected from high-nutrient waters having less of the arsenosugar phospholipids and more of the three non-P containing arsenolipids compared to low-nutrient waters. By combining these first field data of arsenolipids in plankton with reported global phytoplankton productivity, we estimate that the oceans' phytoplankton transform per year 50 000-100 000 tons of arsenic into arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Henry C Holm
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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Villanova V, Singh D, Pagliardini J, Fell D, Le Monnier A, Finazzi G, Poolman M. Boosting Biomass Quantity and Quality by Improved Mixotrophic Culture of the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642199. [PMID: 33897733 PMCID: PMC8063856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are photoautotrophic unicellular algae and are among the most abundant, adaptable, and diverse marine phytoplankton. They are extremely interesting not only for their ecological role but also as potential feedstocks for sustainable biofuels and high-value commodities such as omega fatty acids, because of their capacity to accumulate lipids. However, the cultivation of microalgae on an industrial scale requires higher cell densities and lipid accumulation than those found in nature to make the process economically viable. One of the known ways to induce lipid accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum is nitrogen deprivation, which comes at the expense of growth inhibition and lower cell density. Thus, alternative ways need to be explored to enhance the lipid production as well as biomass density to make them sustainable at industrial scale. In this study, we have used experimental and metabolic modeling approaches to optimize the media composition, in terms of elemental composition, organic and inorganic carbon sources, and light intensity, that boost both biomass quality and quantity of P. tricornutum. Eventually, the optimized conditions were scaled-up to 2 L photobioreactors, where a better system control (temperature, pH, light, aeration/mixing) allowed a further improvement of the biomass capacity of P. tricornutum to 12 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Fermentalg SA, Libourne, France
| | - Dipali Singh
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Cell System Modelling Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Fell
- Cell System Modelling Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark Poolman
- Cell System Modelling Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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30
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Mine AH, Coleman ML, Colman AS. Phosphorus Release and Regeneration Following Laboratory Lysis of Bacterial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641700. [PMID: 33897649 PMCID: PMC8060472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of phosphorus limits primary production in large regions of the oceans, and marine microbes use a variety of strategies to overcome this limitation. One strategy is the production of alkaline phosphatase (APase), which allows hydrolysis of larger dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds in the periplasm or at the cell surface for transport of orthophosphate into the cell. Cell lysis, driven by grazing and viral infection, releases phosphorus-containing cell components, along with active enzymes that could persist after lysis. The importance of this continued enzymatic activity for orthophosphate regeneration is unknown. We used three model bacteria – Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, Synechococcus sp. WH7803, and Prochlorococcus sp. MED4 – to assess the impact of continued APase activity after cell lysis, via lysozyme treatment, on orthophosphate regeneration. Direct release of orthophosphate scaled with cell size and was reduced under phosphate-starved conditions where APase activity continued for days after lysis. All lysate incubations showed post-lysis orthophosphate generation suggesting phosphatases other than APase maintain activity. Rates of DOP hydrolysis and orthophosphate remineralization varied post-lysis among strains. Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 rates of remineralization were 0.6 and 1.2 amol cell–1hr–1 under deplete and replete conditions; Synechococcus WH7803 lysates ranged from 0.04 up to 0.3 amol cell–1hr–1 during phosphorus deplete and replete conditions, respectively, while in Prochlorococcus MED4 lysates, rates were stable at 0.001 amol cell–1hr–1 in both conditions. The range of rates of hydrolysis and regeneration underscores the taxonomic and biochemical variability in the process of nutrient regeneration and further highlights the complexity of quantitatively resolving the major fluxes within the microbial loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric H Mine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States.,Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maureen L Coleman
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Albert S Colman
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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31
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Rees TAV, Raven JA. The maximum growth rate hypothesis is correct for eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, but not cyanobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:601-611. [PMID: 33449358 PMCID: PMC8048539 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The (maximum) growth rate (µmax ) hypothesis predicts that cellular and tissue phosphorus (P) concentrations should increase with increasing growth rate, and RNA should also increase as most of the P is required to make ribosomes. Using published data, we show that though there is a strong positive relationship between the µmax of all photosynthetic organisms and their P content (% dry weight), leading to a relatively constant P productivity, the relationship with RNA content is more complex. In eukaryotes there is a strong positive relationship between µmax and RNA content expressed as % dry weight, and RNA constitutes a relatively constant 25% of total P. In prokaryotes the rRNA operon copy number is the important determinant of the amount of RNA present in the cell. The amount of phospholipid expressed as % dry weight increases with increasing µmax in microalgae. The relative proportions of each of the five major P-containing constituents is remarkably constant, except that the proportion of RNA is greater and phospholipids smaller in prokaryotic than eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. The effect of temperature differences between studies was minor. The evidence for and against P-containing constituents other than RNA being involved with ribosome synthesis and functioning is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. V. Rees
- Leigh Marine LaboratoryInstitute of Marine ScienceUniversity of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand
| | - John A. Raven
- Division of Plant ScienceUniversity of Dundee at the James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- Climate Change ClusterFaculty of ScienceUniversity of TechnologySydney, UltimoNSW2007Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
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32
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Saia SM, Carrick HJ, Buda AR, Regan JM, Walter MT. Critical Review of Polyphosphate and Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms for Agricultural Water Quality Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2722-2742. [PMID: 33559467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing management efforts, phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural landscapes continues to impair water quality. Wastewater treatment research has enhanced our knowledge of microbial mechanisms influencing P cycling, especially regarding microbes known as polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that store P as polyphosphate (polyP) under oxic conditions and release P under anoxic conditions. However, there is limited application of PAO research to reduce agricultural P loading and improve water quality. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify articles in Web of Science on polyP and its use by PAOs across five disciplines (i.e., wastewater treatment, terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture). We also summarized research that provides preliminary support for PAO-mediated P cycling in natural habitats. Terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture disciplines had fewer polyP and PAO articles compared to wastewater treatment, with agriculture consistently having the least. Most meta-analysis articles did not overlap disciplines. We found preliminary support for PAOs in natural habitats and identified several knowledge gaps and research opportunities. There is an urgent need for interdisciplinary research linking PAOs, polyP, and oxygen availability with existing knowledge of P forms and cycling mechanisms in natural and agricultural environments to improve agricultural P management strategies and achieve water quality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Saia
- Depatment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Anthony R Buda
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John M Regan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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33
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Qin X, Shi X, Gao Y, Dai X, Ou L, Guan W, Lu S, Cen J, Qi Y. Alkaline phosphatase activity during a phosphate replete dinoflagellate bloom caused by Prorocentrum obtusidens. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:101979. [PMID: 33980429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum obtusidens Schiller (formerly P. donghaiense Lu), a harmful algal species common in the East China Sea (ECS), often thrives with the depletion of phosphate. Three cruises in the spring of 2013 sampled an entire P. obtusidens bloom process to investigate the dynamics of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and phosphorus (P) status of the bloom species using both bulk and cell-specific assays. Unlike previous studies, the bloom of P. obtusidens occurred in a phosphate replete environment. Very high APA, with an average of 76.62 ± 90.24 nmol L-1 h-1, was observed during the early-bloom phase, a value comparable to that in low phosphate environments. The alkaline phosphatase (AP) hydrolytic kinetics also suggested a more efficient AP system with a lower half-saturation constant (Ks), but higher maximum potential hydrolytic velocity (Vmax) in this period. The APA decreased significantly with an average of 24.98 ± 30.98 nmol L-1 h-1 when the bloom reached its peak. The lack of a correlation between dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) or dissolved organic phosphate (DOP) concentration and APA suggested that the APA was regulated by the internal P growth demand, rather than the external P availability during the phosphate replete P. obtusidens bloom. These findings facilitate an understanding of the P. obtusidens acclimation strategy with respect to P variations in terms of AP expression during blooms in the ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Qin
- School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinfeng Dai
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjian Ou
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weibing Guan
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingyi Cen
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzao Qi
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Requirement of the exopolyphosphatase gene for cellular acclimation to phosphorus starvation in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:16-21. [PMID: 33429195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate, which is ubiquitous in cells in nature, is involved in a myriad of cellular functions, and has been recently focused on its metabolism related with microbial acclimation to phosphorus-source fluctuation. In view of the ecological importance of cyanobacteria as the primary producers, this study investigated the responsibility of polyphosphate metabolism for cellular acclimation to phosphorus starvation in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, with the use of a disruptant (Δppx) as to the gene of exopolyphosphatase that is responsible for polyphosphate degradation. Δppx was similar to the wild type in the cellular content of polyphosphate to show no defect in cell growth under phosphorus-replete conditions. However, under phosphorus-starved conditions, Δppx cells were defective in a phosphorus-starvation dependent decrease of polyphosphate to show deleterious phenotypes as to their survival and the stabilization of the photosystem complexes. These results demonstrated some crucial role of exopolyphosphatase to degrade polyP in the acclimation of cyanobacterial cells to phosphorus-starved conditions. Besides, it was found that ppx expression is induced in Synechocystis cells in response to phosphorus starvation through the action of the two-component system, SphS and SphR, in the phosphate regulon. The information will be a foundation for a fuller understanding of the process of cyanobacterial acclimation to phosphorus fluctuation.
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35
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Akbari A, Wang Z, He P, Wang D, Lee J, Han IL, Li G, Gu AZ. Unrevealed roles of polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:82-87. [PMID: 33404187 PMCID: PMC7888455 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We first review current knowledge on PAOs, with a focus on bacteria, in terms of their phylogenetic identities, metabolic pathways and detection methods. We further discuss the evidence that suggests the ubiquitous presence of PAOs in nature and point out the unrevealed roles of the PAOs that warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - ZiJian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Peisheng He
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydraulics in Northwest Arid RegionXi’an University of TechnologyXi’anShaanxi710048China
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - IL Han
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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36
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Zheng Q, Lin W, Wang Y, Xu D, Liu Y, Jiao N. Top-down controls on nutrient cycling and population dynamics in a model estuarine photoautotroph-heterotroph co-culture system. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:592-607. [PMID: 33226689 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral lysis and protistan grazing are thought to be the major processes leading to microbial mortality in aquatic environments and thus regulate community diversity and biogeochemical cycling characteristics. Here, we studied nutrient cycling and bacterial responses to cyanophage-mediated photoautotroph lysis and ciliate predation in a model Synechococcus-heterotroph co-culture system. Both viral lysis and Euplotes grazing facilitated the transformation of organic carbon from biomass to dissolved organic matter with convention efficiencies of 20%-26%. The accumulation of ammonium after the addition of phages and ciliates suggested the importance of recycled NH4 + occurred in the interactions between Synechococcus growth and heterotrophic bacterial metabolism of photosynthate. The slower efficiency of P mineralization compared to N (primarily ammonium) indicated that P-containing organic matter was primarily integrated into bacterial biomass rather than being remineralized into inorganic phosphate under C-rich conditions. In the cyanophage addition treatment, both Fluviicola and Alteromonas exhibited rapid positive responses to Synechococcus lysing, while Marivita exhibited an apparent negative response. Further, the addition of Euplotes altered the incubation system from a Synechococcus-driven phycosphere to a ciliate-remodelled zoosphere that primarily constituted grazing-resistant bacteria and Euplotes symbionts. Top-down controls increased co-culture system diversity and resulted in a preference for free-living lifestyles of dominant populations, which was accompanied by the transfer of matter and energy. Our results indicate top-down control was particularly important for organic matter redistribution and inorganic nutrient regeneration between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, and altered bacterial lifestyles. This study consequently sheds light on marine biogeochemical cycling and the interaction networks within these dynamic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Baetge N, Comstock J, Opalk K, Parsons R, Halewood E, English CJ, Giovannoni S, Bolaños LM, Nelson CE, Vergin K, Carlson CA. Stable Isotope Probing Identifies Bacterioplankton Lineages Capable of Utilizing Dissolved Organic Matter Across a Range of Bioavailability. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580397. [PMID: 33117322 PMCID: PMC7575717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterioplankton consume about half of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced by phytoplankton. DOM released from phytoplankton consists of a myriad of compounds that span a range of biological reactivity from labile to recalcitrant. Linking specific bacterioplankton lineages to the incorporation of DOM compounds into biomass is important to understand microbial niche partitioning. We conducted a series of DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments using 13C-labeled substrates of varying lability including amino acids, cyanobacteria lysate, and DOM from diatom and cyanobacteria isolates concentrated on solid phase extraction PPL columns (SPE-DOM). Amendments of substrates into Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton communities were conducted to explore microbial response and DNA-SIP was used to determine which lineages of Bacteria and Archaea were responsible for uptake and incorporation. Greater increases in bacterioplankton abundance and DOC removal were observed in incubations amended with cyanobacteria-derived lysate and amino acids compared to the SPE-DOM, suggesting that the latter retained proportionally more recalcitrant DOM compounds. DOM across a range of bioavailability was utilized by diverse prokaryotic taxa with copiotrophs becoming the most abundant 13C-incorporating taxa in the amino acid treatment and oligotrophs becoming the most abundant 13C-incorporating taxa in SPE-DOM treatments. The lineages that responded to SPE-DOM amendments were also prevalent in the mesopelagic of the Sargasso Sea, suggesting that PPL extraction of phytoplankton-derived DOM isolates compounds of ecological relevance to oligotrophic heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Our study indicates that DOM quality is an important factor controlling the diversity of the microbial community response, providing insights into the roles of different bacterioplankton in resource exploitation and efficiency of marine carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Liu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Baetge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Comstock
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Keri Opalk
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Parsons
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Saint George, Bermuda
| | - Elisa Halewood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Chance J English
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Giovannoni
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Luis M Bolaños
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Hawai'i Sea Grant, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Kevin Vergin
- Microbial DNA Analytics, Phoenix, OR, United States
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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38
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Sanz-Luque E, Bhaya D, Grossman AR. Polyphosphate: A Multifunctional Metabolite in Cyanobacteria and Algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:938. [PMID: 32670331 PMCID: PMC7332688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of orthophosphate (PO4 3-) of varying lengths, has been identified in all kingdoms of life. It can serve as a source of chemical bond energy (phosphoanhydride bond) that may have been used by biological systems prior to the evolution of ATP. Intracellular polyP is mainly stored as granules in specific vacuoles called acidocalcisomes, and its synthesis and accumulation appear to impact a myriad of cellular functions. It serves as a reservoir for inorganic PO4 3- and an energy source for fueling cellular metabolism, participates in maintaining adenylate and metal cation homeostasis, functions as a scaffold for sequestering cations, exhibits chaperone function, covalently binds to proteins to modify their activity, and enables normal acclimation of cells to stress conditions. PolyP also appears to have a role in symbiotic and parasitic associations, and in higher eukaryotes, low polyP levels seem to impact cancerous proliferation, apoptosis, procoagulant and proinflammatory responses and cause defects in TOR signaling. In this review, we discuss the metabolism, storage, and function of polyP in photosynthetic microbes, which mostly includes research on green algae and cyanobacteria. We focus on factors that impact polyP synthesis, specific enzymes required for its synthesis and degradation, sequestration of polyP in acidocalcisomes, its role in cellular energetics, acclimation processes, and metal homeostasis, and then transition to its potential applications for bioremediation and medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Devaki Bhaya
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Arthur R. Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
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39
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Garcia CA, Hagstrom GI, Larkin AA, Ustick LJ, Levin SA, Lomas MW, Martiny AC. Linking regional shifts in microbial genome adaptation with surface ocean biogeochemistry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190254. [PMID: 32200740 PMCID: PMC7133529 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking 'omics measurements with biogeochemical cycles is a widespread challenge in microbial community ecology. Here, we propose applying genomic adaptation as 'biosensors' for microbial investments to overcome nutrient stress. We then integrate this genomic information with a trait-based model to predict regional shifts in the elemental composition of marine plankton communities. We evaluated this approach using metagenomic and particulate organic matter samples from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. We find that our genome-based trait model significantly improves our prediction of particulate C : P (carbon : phosphorus) across ocean regions. Furthermore, we detect previously unrecognized ocean areas of iron, nitrogen and phosphorus stress. In many ecosystems, it can be very challenging to quantify microbial stress. Thus, a carefully calibrated genomic approach could become a widespread tool for understanding microbial responses to environmental changes and the biogeochemical outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Garcia
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - George I. Hagstrom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alyse A. Larkin
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lucas J. Ustick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Simon A. Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael W. Lomas
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Adam C. Martiny
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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40
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Omta AW, Talmy D, Inomura K, Irwin AJ, Finkel ZV, Sher D, Liefer JD, Follows MJ. Quantifying nutrient throughput and DOM production by algae in continuous culture. J Theor Biol 2020; 494:110214. [PMID: 32142805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and marine algae can balance nutrient demand and availability by regulating uptake, accumulation and exudation. To obtain insight into these processes under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation, we reanalyze published data from continuous cultures of the chlorophyte Selenastrum minutum. Based on mass budgets, we argue that much of the non-limiting N and P had passed through the organisms and was present as dissolved organic phosphorus or nitrogen (DOP or DON). We construct a model that describes the production of biomass and dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a function of the growth rate. A fit of this model against the chemostat data suggests a high turnover of the non-limiting N and P: at the highest growth rates, N and P atoms spent on average only about 3 h inside an organism, before they were exuded as DON and DOP, respectively. This DOM exudation can explain the observed trends in the algal stoichiometric ratios as a function of the dilution rate. We discuss independent evidence from isotope experiments for this apparently wasteful behavior and we suggest experiments to quantify and characterize DON and DOP exudation further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Omta
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - D Talmy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37916, United States.
| | - K Inomura
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, 1492 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - A J Irwin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, 6316 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Z V Finkel
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - D Sher
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - J D Liefer
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| | - M J Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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41
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Alexander H, Rouco M, Haley ST, Dyhrman ST. Transcriptional response of
Emiliania huxleyi
under changing nutrient environments in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1847-1860. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Alexander
- Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| | - Mónica Rouco
- Biology and Paleo Environment Division, Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA
| | - Sheean T. Haley
- Biology and Paleo Environment Division, Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA
| | - Sonya T. Dyhrman
- Biology and Paleo Environment Division, Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 USA
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42
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Snow JT, Holdship P, Rickaby REM. Antagonistic co-limitation through ion promiscuity - On the metal sensitivity of Thalassiosira oceanica under phosphorus stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134080. [PMID: 31677461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation of primary producers is a fundamental principle in biogeochemical oceanography and has been used with great success in prescribing understanding to patterns of marine primary productivity. In recent years the paradigm of nutrient limitation has expanded from single nutrient limitation towards concepts of co-limitation by multiple resources. Interactive effects between multiple limiting resources are now thought commonplace in marine microbial communities. Here we investigate the response exhibited by phosphate-limited Thalassiosira oceanica to elevated concentrations of the phosphate analogs vanadate, arsenate and molybdate. Enrichments in external arsenate and vanadate to phosphate-limited cultures act to suppress growth rates entirely, an effect not seen in phosphate replete conditions. Retardation of growth rates is attributed to mistaken uptake through ion promiscuity as evidenced by observations of significant intracellular accumulation of both arsenic and vanadium under phosphate limited conditions. We describe this novel co-limitation scenario as dependent antagonistic co-limitation (DAC), and suggest that this phenomenon of non-deliberate intracellular accumulation could be used as both a proxy of phosphate stress in the modern ocean and a possible marker of phosphate depletion limiting the duration of oceanic anoxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Snow
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK.
| | - Philip Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Rosalind E M Rickaby
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK.
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43
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Ou H, Li M, Wu S, Jia L, Hill RT, Zhao J. Characteristic Microbiomes Correlate with Polyphosphate Accumulation of Marine Sponges in South China Sea Areas. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010063. [PMID: 31905988 PMCID: PMC7022310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some sponges have been shown to accumulate abundant phosphorus in the form of polyphosphate (polyP) granules even in waters where phosphorus is present at low concentrations. But the polyP accumulation occurring in sponges and their symbiotic bacteria have been little studied. The amounts of polyP exhibited significant differences in twelve sponges from marine environments with high or low dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations which were quantified by spectral analysis, even though in the same sponge genus, e.g., Mycale sp. or Callyspongia sp. PolyP enrichment rates of sponges in oligotrophic environments were far higher than those in eutrophic environments. Massive polyP granules were observed under confocal microscopy in samples from very low DIP environments. The composition of sponge symbiotic microbes was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and the corresponding polyphosphate kinase (ppk) genes were detected. Sequence analysis revealed that in the low DIP environment, those sponges with higher polyP content and enrichment rates had relatively higher abundances of cyanobacteria. Mantel tests and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) examined that the polyP enrichment rate was most strongly correlated with the structure of microbial communities, including genera Synechococcus, Rhodopirellula, Blastopirellula, and Rubripirellula. About 50% of ppk genes obtained from the total DNA of sponge holobionts, had above 80% amino acid sequence similarities to those sequences from Synechococcus. In general, it suggested that sponges employed differentiated strategies towards the use of phosphorus in different nutrient environments and the symbiotic Synechococcus could play a key role in accumulating polyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Ou
- College of Ocean and Earth Science of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.O.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Mingyu Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Science of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.O.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Shufei Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.O.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Linli Jia
- College of Ocean and Earth Science of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.O.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Russell T. Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (R.T.H.); Tel.: +86-592-288-0811 (J.Z.); Tel.: +(410)-234-8802 (R.T.H.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Ocean and Earth Science of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (H.O.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (L.J.)
- Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration (USER), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (R.T.H.); Tel.: +86-592-288-0811 (J.Z.); Tel.: +(410)-234-8802 (R.T.H.)
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44
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Li J, Plouchart D, Zastepa A, Dittrich M. Picoplankton accumulate and recycle polyphosphate to support high primary productivity in coastal Lake Ontario. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19563. [PMID: 31862973 PMCID: PMC6925121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton can accumulate polyphosphate (polyP) to alleviate limitation of essential nutrient phosphorus (P). Yet polyP metabolisms in aquatic systems and their roles in P biogeochemical cycle remain elusive. Previously reported polyP enrichment in low-phosphorus oligotrophic marine waters contradicts the common view of polyP as a luxury P-storage molecule. Here, we show that in a P-rich eutrophic bay of Lake Ontario, planktonic polyP is controlled by multiple mechanisms and responds strongly to seasonal variations. Plankton accumulate polyP as P storage under high-P conditions via luxury uptake and use it under acute P stress. Low phosphorus also triggers enrichment of polyP that can be preferentially recycled to attenuate P lost. We discover that picoplankton, despite their low production rates, are responsible for the dynamic polyP metabolisms. Picoplankton store and liberate polyP to support the high primary productivity of blooming algae. PolyP mechanisms enable efficient P recycling on ecosystem and even larger scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Li
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Diane Plouchart
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Canada Center for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Maria Dittrich
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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45
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Paula FS, Chin JP, Schnürer A, Müller B, Manesiotis P, Waters N, Macintosh KA, Quinn JP, Connolly J, Abram F, McGrath JW, O'Flaherty V. The potential for polyphosphate metabolism in Archaea and anaerobic polyphosphate formation in Methanosarcina mazei. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17101. [PMID: 31745137 PMCID: PMC6864096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitous across all forms of life, but the study of its metabolism has been mainly confined to bacteria and yeasts. Few reports detail the presence and accumulation of polyP in Archaea, and little information is available on its functions and regulation. Here, we report that homologs of bacterial polyP metabolism proteins are present across the major taxa in the Archaea, suggesting that archaeal populations may have a greater contribution to global phosphorus cycling than has previously been recognised. We also demonstrate that polyP accumulation can be induced under strictly anaerobic conditions, in response to changes in phosphate (Pi) availability, i.e. Pi starvation, followed by incubation in Pi replete media (overplus), in cells of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei. Pi-starved M. mazei cells increased transcript abundance of the alkaline phosphatase (phoA) gene and of the high-affinity phosphate transport (pstSCAB-phoU) operon: no increase in polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) transcript abundance was observed. Subsequent incubation of Pi-starved M. mazei cells under Pi replete conditions, led to a 237% increase in intracellular polyphosphate content and a > 5.7-fold increase in ppk1 gene transcripts. Ppk1 expression in M. mazei thus appears not to be under classical phosphate starvation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana S Paula
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jason P Chin
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicholas Waters
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
- Information and Computational Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Katrina A Macintosh
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John P Quinn
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jasmine Connolly
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
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46
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Zhang F, Jonas L, Lin H, Hill RT. Microbially mediated nutrient cycles in marine sponges. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5582607. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTEfficient nutrient cycles mediated by symbiotic microorganisms with their hosts are vital to support the high productivity of coral reef ecosystems. In these ecosystems, marine sponges are important habitat-forming organisms in the benthic community and harbor abundant microbial symbionts. However, few studies have reviewed the critical microbially mediated nutrient cycling processes in marine sponges. To bridge this gap, in this review article, we summarize existing knowledge and recent advances in understanding microbially mediated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) cycles in sponges, propose a conceptual model that describes potential interactions and constraints in the major nutrient cycles, and suggest that shifting redox state induced by animal behavior like sponge pumping can exert great influence on the activities of symbiotic microbial communities. Constraints include the lack of knowledge on spatial and temporal variations and host behavior; more studies are needed in these areas. Sponge microbiomes may have a significant impact on the nutrient cycles in the world’s coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Lauren Jonas
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Hanzhi Lin
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Russell T Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore Maryland 21202, USA
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47
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Raveh O, Angel DL, Astrahan P, Belkin N, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Phytoplankton response to N-rich well amelioration brines: A mesocosm study from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:355-365. [PMID: 31426168 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced eutrophication of coastal water may be a major threat to aquatic life. Here, we investigated the effects of N-rich well amelioration brines (WAB) on coastal phytoplankton population's habitat in the surface oligotrophic waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEM). To this end, we added WAB (2 concentrations) to mesocosms (1-m3 bags) to surface SEM water during summer and winter, where changes in phytoplankton biomass, activity and diversity was monitored daily for 8 days. Our results demonstrate that WAB addition triggered a phytoplankton bloom, resulting in elevated algal biomass (maximal +780%), increased primary production rates (maximal +675%) and a decrease in eukaryotic algal α-diversity (ca. -20%). Among the species that bloomed following WAB amendments, we found the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium venificum. This study adds valuable perspective to the effect of nutrients discharged into nutrient limited SEM coastal waters, and in particular of N-derived WAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Raveh
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel; Department of Maritime Civilizations, The Charney School for Marine Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror L Angel
- Department of Maritime Civilizations, The Charney School for Marine Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Migdal 14950, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute on Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.
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48
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Wan B, Huang R, Diaz JM, Tang Y. Polyphosphate Adsorption and Hydrolysis on Aluminum Oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9542-9552. [PMID: 31313918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical behaviors of phosphate-containing species at mineral-water interfaces are of fundamental importance for controlling phosphorus mobility, fate, and bioavailability. This study investigates the sorption and hydrolysis of polyphosphate (a group of important long-chained phosphate molecules) on aluminum oxides in the presence of divalent metal cations (Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) at pH 6-8. γ-Al2O3 with three particle sizes (5, 35, and 70 nm) was used as an analogue of natural aluminum oxides to investigate the particle size effect. All metal cations enhanced polyphosphate hydrolysis at different levels, with Ca2+ showing the most significant enhancement, and the difference in the enhancement might be due to the intrinsic affinity of metal cations to polyphosphate. In the presence of Ca2+, the hydrolysis rate decreased with increasing mineral particle size. Solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed the main surface P species to be amorphous calcium phosphate precipitates, phosphate groups in polyphosphate that formed direct bonds with the mineral surface as inner-sphere complexes, and phosphate groups in polyphosphate that were not directly bonded to the mineral surfaces. Our results reveal the critical roles of mineral-water interface processes and divalent metal cations on controlling polyphosphate speciation and transformation and phosphorus cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
| | - Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Sciences , University of Georgia , Savannah , Georgia 31411-1011 , United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0340 , United States
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49
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Goodenough U, Heiss AA, Roth R, Rusch J, Lee JH. Acidocalcisomes: Ultrastructure, Biogenesis, and Distribution in Microbial Eukaryotes. Protist 2019; 170:287-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Novak T, Godrijan J, Pfannkuchen DM, Djakovac T, Medić N, Ivančić I, Mlakar M, Gašparović B. Global warming and oligotrophication lead to increased lipid production in marine phytoplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:171-183. [PMID: 30852195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Earth temperature is rising and oligotrophication is becoming apparent even in coastal seas. In this changing environment, phytoplankton use carbon and nutrients to form important biomolecules, including lipids. However, the link between lipid production and changing environment is still unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the phytoplankton lipid production in the diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus cultures under controlled temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 °C and nutrient regimes mimicking oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. Results were compared to plankton community's lipid production in the northern Adriatic at two stations considered as oligotrophic and mesotrophic during an annual monthly sampling. In order to gain detailed information on the investigated system, we supplemented lipid data with chlorophyll a concentrations, phytoplankton taxonomy, cell abundances and nutrient concentration along with hydrographic parameters. We found enhanced particulate lipid production at higher temperatures, and substantially higher lipid production in oligotrophic conditions. Enhanced lipid production has two opposing roles in carbon sequestration; it can act as a retainer or a sinker. Lipid remodeling, including change in ratio of phospholipids and glycolipids, is more affected by the nutrient status, than the temperature increase. Triacylglycerol accumulation was observed under the nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Novak
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, POB 108, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Godrijan
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, POB 108, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tamara Djakovac
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Nikola Medić
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Ivančić
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Marina Mlakar
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, POB 108, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, POB 108, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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