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Cooley SS, Pinto N, Becerra M, Alvarado JWV, Fahlen JC, Rivera O, Fricker GA, Dantas ARDLR, Aguilar‐Amuchastegui N, Reygadas Y, Gan J, DeFries R, Menge DNL. Combining spaceborne lidar from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation with local knowledge for monitoring fragmented tropical landscapes: A case study in the forest-agriculture interface of Ucayali, Peru. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70116. [PMID: 39114160 PMCID: PMC11303661 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving our ability to monitor fragmented tropical ecosystems is a critical step in supporting the stewardship of these complex landscapes. We investigated the structural characteristics of vegetation classes in Ucayali, Peru, employing a co-production approach. The vegetation classes included three agricultural classes (mature oil palm, monocrop cacao, and agroforestry cacao plantations) and three forest regeneration classes (mature lowland forest, secondary lowland forest, and young lowland vegetation regrowth). We combined local knowledge with spaceborne lidar from NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation mission to classify vegetation and characterize the horizontal and vertical structure of each vegetation class. Mature lowland forest had consistently higher mean canopy height and lower canopy height variance than secondary lowland forest (μ = 29.40 m, sd = 6.89 m vs. μ = 20.82 m, sd = 9.15 m, respectively). The lower variance of mature forest could be attributed to the range of forest development ages in the secondary forest patches. However, secondary forests exhibited a similar vertical profile to mature forests, with each cumulative energy percentile increasing at similar rates. We also observed similar mean and standard deviations in relative height ratios (RH50/RH95) for mature forest, secondary forest, and oil palm even when removing the negative values from the relative height ratios and interpolating from above-ground returns only (mean RH50/RH95 of 0.58, 0.54, and 0.53 for mature forest, secondary forest, and oil palm, respectively) (p < .0001). This pattern differed from our original expectations based on local knowledge and existing tropical forest succession studies, pointing to opportunities for future work. Our findings suggest that lidar-based relative height metrics can complement local information and other remote sensing approaches that rely on optical imagery, which are limited by extensive cloud cover in the tropics. We show that characterizing ecosystem structure with a co-production approach can support addressing both the technical and social challenges of monitoring and managing fragmented tropical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah S. Cooley
- NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Naiara Pinto
- NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Jocelyn C. Fahlen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ovidio Rivera
- International Center for Tropical AgricultureCaliColombia
| | - G. Andrew Fricker
- Department of Social SciencesCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Yunuen Reygadas
- Department of GeosciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Julie Gan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ruth DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Duncan N. L. Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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2
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Schorn ME, Kambach S, Chazdon RL, Craven D, Farrior CE, Meave JA, Muñoz R, van Breugel M, Amissah L, Bongers F, Hérault B, Jakovac CC, Norden N, Poorter L, van der Sande MT, Wirth C, Delgado D, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Finegan B, Hall JS, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Lopez OR, Rüger N. Tree demographic strategies largely overlap across succession in Neotropical wet and dry forest communities. Ecology 2024; 105:e4321. [PMID: 38763891 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Secondary tropical forests play an increasingly important role in carbon budgets and biodiversity conservation. Understanding successional trajectories is therefore imperative for guiding forest restoration and climate change mitigation efforts. Forest succession is driven by the demographic strategies-combinations of growth, mortality and recruitment rates-of the tree species in the community. However, our understanding of demographic diversity in tropical tree species stems almost exclusively from old-growth forests. Here, we assembled demographic information from repeated forest inventories along chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry (Mexico) Neotropical forests to assess whether the ranges of demographic strategies present in a community shift across succession. We calculated demographic rates for >500 tree species while controlling for canopy status to compare demographic diversity (i.e., the ranges of demographic strategies) in early successional (0-30 years), late successional (30-120 years) and old-growth forests using two-dimensional hypervolumes of pairs of demographic rates. Ranges of demographic strategies largely overlapped across successional stages, and early successional stages already covered the full spectrum of demographic strategies found in old-growth forests. An exception was a group of species characterized by exceptionally high mortality rates that was confined to early successional stages in the two wet forests. The range of demographic strategies did not expand with succession. Our results suggest that studies of long-term forest monitoring plots in old-growth forests, from which most of our current understanding of demographic strategies of tropical tree species is derived, are surprisingly representative of demographic diversity in general, but do not replace the need for further studies in secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus E Schorn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Kambach
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
- Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa de Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Omar R Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Clayton, Panama
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
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3
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van Breugel M, Bongers F, Norden N, Meave JA, Amissah L, Chanthorn W, Chazdon R, Craven D, Farrior C, Hall JS, Hérault B, Jakovac C, Lebrija-Trejos E, Martínez-Ramos M, Muñoz R, Poorter L, Rüger N, van der Sande M, Dent DH. Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:928-949. [PMID: 38226776 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant-environment feedback dynamics drive a directional change in the plant community. The most commonly studied feedback loops are those in which the regrowth of the plant community causes changes to the abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic (e.g. dispersers) environment, which differentially affect species availability or performance. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the species composition of the plant community. However, there are many other PE feedback loops that potentially drive succession, each of which can be considered a model of succession. While plant-environment feedback loops in principle generate predictable successional trajectories, succession is generally observed to be highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are the stochastic processes involved in feedback dynamics, such as individual mortality and seed dispersal, and extrinsic causes of succession, which are not affected by changes in the plant community but do affect species performance or availability. Both can lead to variation in the identity of dominant species within communities. This, in turn, leads to further contingencies if these species differ in their effect on their environment (priority effects). Predictability and variability are thus intrinsically linked features of ecological succession. We present a new conceptual framework of ecological succession that integrates the propositions discussed above. This framework defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance and land-use, biotic factors, abiotic factors, species availability, species performance, and the plant community. When involved in a feedback loop, these general causes drive succession and when not, they are extrinsic causes that create variability in successional trajectories and dynamics. The proposed framework provides a guide for linking these general causes into causal pathways that represent specific models of succession. Our framework represents a systematic approach to identifying the main feedback processes and causes of variation at different successional stages. It can be used for systematic comparisons among study sites and along environmental gradients, to conceptualise studies, and to guide the formulation of research questions and design of field studies. Mapping an extensive field study onto our conceptual framework revealed that the pathways representing the study's empirical outcomes and conceptual model had important differences, underlining the need to move beyond the conceptual models that currently dominate in specific fields and to find ways to examine the importance of and interactions among alternative causal pathways of succession. To further this aim, we argue for integrating long-term studies across environmental and anthropogenic gradients, combined with controlled experiments and dynamic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, 117570, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Centro de Estudios Socioecológicos y Cambio Global, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Circunvalar #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UPO Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, 10900, Thailand
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Caroline Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398 Montpellier, France & Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Str. 12, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
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Suraweera C, Gallo J, Vacek Z, Cukor J, Vacek S, Baláš M. Silvicultural Practices for Diversity Conservation and Invasive Species Suppression in Forest Ecosystems of the Bundala National Park, Sri Lanka. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:121. [PMID: 38202429 PMCID: PMC10780521 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems in Sri Lanka are under pressure from intensive human activity and climate change. Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to autochthonous species and ecosystems. In Bundala National Park of Sri Lanka, there are efforts to control and limit the spreading of unwanted invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Haw., which poses a significant risk to natural ecosystem conservation. Nine different treatment variants (four replications) were used to test which management approach provides the control of Prosopis juliflora. This research is based on nine repeated measurements from 2017 to 2021 on 36 permanent research plots (each 625 m2) with 27 observed plant species and a total of 90,651 recorded plant individuals. The results confirmed that the dynamics of species richness, heterogeneity, and evenness showed significant differences between treatments during the five years of dynamics. The lowest species diversity was found in the control variant, followed by treatments based on the hard pruning and thinning of Prosopis juliflora trees. In contrast, strategies emphasizing the complete uprooting of Prosopis juliflora trees, replanting, and support of the natural regeneration of native species showed high species diversity and a high overall number of plant species. Generally, treatments had a significant effect on species diversity and the number of individuals of Prosopis juliflora, while changes in the overall number of plant species were more affected by time and succession. Silvicultural treatments including pruning, uprooting, and thinning have proven to be essential tools for nature conservation across various sites, aimed at enhancing habitat diversity in the face of ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Suraweera
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Josef Gallo
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Zdeněk Vacek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Jan Cukor
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vacek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Baláš
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (C.S.); (Z.V.); (J.C.); (S.V.); (M.B.)
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5
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Poorter L, Amissah L, Bongers F, Hordijk I, Kok J, Laurance SGW, Lohbeck M, Martínez-Ramos M, Matsuo T, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Peña-Claros M, van der Sande MT. Successional theories. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2049-2077. [PMID: 37455023 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after a disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession is needed to predict how ecosystems will respond to land-use change and to design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite a century of conceptual advances a comprehensive successional theory is lacking. Here we provide an overview of 19 successional theories ('models') and their key points, group them based on conceptual similarity, explain conceptual development in successional ideas and provide suggestions how to move forward. Four groups of models can be recognised. The first group (patch & plants) focuses on plants at the patch level and consists of three subgroups that originated in the early 20th century. One subgroup focuses on the processes (dispersal, establishment, and performance) that operate sequentially during succession. Another subgroup emphasises individualistic species responses during succession, and how this is driven by species traits. A last subgroup focuses on how vegetation structure and underlying demographic processes change during succession. A second group of models (ecosystems) provides a more holistic view of succession by considering the ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, and ecosystem structure and processes. The third group (landscape) considers a larger spatial scale and includes the effect of the surrounding landscape matrix on succession as the distance to neighbouring vegetation patches determines the potential for seed dispersal, and the quality of the neighbouring patches determines the abundance and composition of seed sources and biotic dispersal vectors. A fourth group (socio-ecological systems) includes the human component by focusing on socio-ecological systems where management practices have long-lasting legacies on successional pathways and where regrowing vegetations deliver a range of ecosystem services to local and global stakeholders. The four groups of models differ in spatial scale (patch, landscape) or organisational level (plant species, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), increase in scale and scope, and reflect the increasingly broader perspective on succession over time. They coincide approximately with four periods that reflect the prevailing view of succession of that time, although all views still coexist. The four successional views are: succession of plants (from 1910 onwards) where succession was seen through the lens of species replacement; succession of communities and ecosystems (from 1965 onwards) when there was a more holistic view of succession; succession in landscapes (from 2000 onwards) when it was realised that the structure and composition of landscapes strongly impact successional pathways, and increased remote-sensing technology allowed for a better quantification of the landscape context; and succession with people (from 2015 onwards) when it was realised that people and societal drivers have strong effects on successional pathways, that ecosystem processes and services are important for human well-being, and that restoration is most successful when it is done by and for local people. Our review suggests that the hierarchical successional framework of Pickett is the best starting point to move forward as this framework already includes several factors, and because it is flexible, enabling application to different systems. The framework focuses mainly on species replacement and could be improved by focusing on succession occurring at different hierarchical scales (population, community, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), and by integrating it with more recent developments and other successional models: by considering different spatial scales (landscape, region), temporal scales (ecosystem processes occurring over centuries, and evolution), and by taking the effects of the surrounding landscape (landscape integrity and composition, the disperser community) and societal factors (previous and current land-use intensity) into account. Such a new, comprehensive framework could be tested using a combination of empirical research, experiments, process-based modelling and novel tools. Applying the framework to seres across broadscale environmental and disturbance gradients allows a better insight into what successional processes matter and under what conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, PO Box UP63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Hordijk
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jazz Kok
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Rd, Smithfield, 4878, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, CP 58190, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Tomonari Matsuo
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Liu X, Zhou W, Li X, Zhang Y, Dong W. Secondary succession of shrub-herb communities in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194083. [PMID: 37746017 PMCID: PMC10514918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To document the successional processes of shrub-herb communities after large-scale human disturbance, and understand how changing environmental conditions affect species replacement in semi-humid hilly areas. Methods Utilizing the established permanent plots in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain, we evaluated temporal patterns of vegetation and soil following grass-to-shrub succession. Results and Discussion Along secondary succession, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla gradually dominated in dry sunny slope and shared the dominance with Leptodermis oblonga in shaded slope. Herbaceous dominant species in shrub-herb communities switched from Themeda japonica, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Artemisia sacrorum, and Cleistogenes chinensis in 1986 census to B. ischaemum and A. sacrorum in 2008 census, but herb was no longer dominant in 2020 census. As succession progresses, species dominance increased while richness decreased generally, and herb cover and aboveground biomass decreased, whereas shrub height, cover, and aboveground biomass increased significantly. Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) in topsoil increased significantly while pH declined by 1.04 units over the past three decades. Plant communities transitioned from perennial herbs to shrub-herb and then shrub communities, and V. negundo var. heterophylla dominated in the succession of shrub-herb communities. Climate and soil properties, combined with plant attributes, together drive post-disturbance secondary succession. From a management perspective, the tight coupling between vegetation and soil under local climatic conditions should be considered to improve the fragile ecosystem in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- School of life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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7
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Zhou C, Ding Y, Zang R. Assessing the recovery in species, size and location diversities of a lowland tropical rainforest after shifting cultivation by multiple indices at stand and neighborhood scales. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118089. [PMID: 37148760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are rapidly being converted for agricultural use, but abandoned agricultural lands can recover naturally through secondary succession. However, comprehensive knowledges of how species composition, size structure and spatial patterning (represented by species, size and location diversities) change during recovery at multiple scales are still lacking. Our aim was to explore these change patterns to understand the underlying mechanisms of forest recovery and propose corresponding solutions for restoring regrowing secondary forests. Here, twelve 1ha forest dynamics plots (4 plots each in young-secondary forests (YS), old-secondary forests (OS) and old-growth forests (OG) from a chronosequence of tropical lowland rainforest after shifting cultivation) were used to assessed the recovery in species, size and location diversity of trees at stand (plot) and neighborhood (focal tree and its neighbors) scale by using 8 indices. The relative recoveries of YS and OS were quantified by dividing each of the indices in YS and OS to those in OG. Results showed that species and size diversity increased while location diversity decreased with the recovery process. The relative recovery of location diversity was higher than those of species and size diversity in both YS and OS, while species diversity was only higher than size diversity in YS. The relative recovery of species diversity at neighborhood scale was higher than that at stand scale in OS, while there were no differences between scales in size and location diversity. Additionally, using only the Shannon index and Gini coefficient at two scales can provide consistent insights into the recovery patterns of diversity as indicated by the 8 indices. Our study demonstrated that recovery rates of secondary forests relative to old-growth counterparts could be comprehensively quantified using multiple diversity indices in three types at two scales. This quantitative assessment on the relative recovery of disturbed forests could be helpful in applying appropriate management activities and selecting rational approaches to speed up restoration process of degraded forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Rosenfield MF, Jakovac CC, Vieira DLM, Poorter L, Brancalion PHS, Vieira ICG, de Almeida DRA, Massoca P, Schietti J, Albernaz ALM, Ferreira MJ, Mesquita RCG. Ecological integrity of tropical secondary forests: concepts and indicators. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:662-676. [PMID: 36453621 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Naturally regenerating forests or secondary forests (SFs) are a promising strategy for restoring large expanses of tropical forests at low cost and with high environmental benefits. This expectation is supported by the high resilience of tropical forests after natural disturbances, yet this resilience can be severely reduced by human impacts. Assessing the characteristics of SFs and their ecological integrity (EI) is essential to evaluating their role for conservation, restoration, and provisioning of ecosystem services. In this study, we aim to propose a concept and indicators that allow the assessment and classification of the EI of SFs. To this end, we review the literature to assess how EI has been addressed in different ecosystems and which indicators of EI are most commonly used for tropical forests. Building upon this knowledge we propose a modification of the concept of EI to embrace SFs and suggest indicators of EI that can be applied to different successional stages or stand ages. Additionally, we relate these indicators to ecosystem service provision in order to support the practical application of the theory. EI is generally defined as the ability of ecosystems to support and maintain composition, structure and function similar to the reference conditions of an undisturbed ecosystem. This definition does not consider the temporal dynamics of recovering ecosystems, such as SFs. Therefore, we suggest incorporation of an optimal successional trajectory as a reference in addition to the old-growth forest reference. The optimal successional trajectory represents the maximum EI that can be attained at each successional stage in a given region and enables the evaluation of EI at any given age class. We further suggest a list of indicators, the main ones being: compositional indicators (species diversity/richness and indicator species); structural indicators (basal area, heterogeneity of basal area and canopy cover); function indicators (tree growth and mortality); and landscape proxies (landscape heterogeneity, landscape connectivity). Finally, we discuss how this approach can assist in defining the value of SF patches to provide ecosystem services, restore forests and contribute to ecosystem conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena F Rosenfield
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel L M Vieira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Av. W5 Norte (final), Brasília, DF, 70770917, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Danilo R A de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Massoca
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Indiana University, Student Building 331, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa M Albernaz
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Marciel J Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69083-000, Brazil
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9
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Kramer JMF, Zwiener VP, Müller SC. Biotic homogenization and differentiation of plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14025. [PMID: 36285615 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity can lead to biotic homogenization (BH) and biotic differentiation (BD). BH is a process of increasing similarity in community composition (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components), whereas BD is a process of decreasing similarity over space and time. Here, we conducted a systematic review of BH and BD in plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Our bibliometric search in the Web of Science returned 1989 papers, of which 151 matched our criteria and were included in the analysis. The Neotropical region had the largest number of articles, and Brazil was the most represented country with 92 studies. Regarding the type of change, homogenization was more frequent than differentiation (noted in 69.6% of publications). The taxonomic diversity component was measured more often than functional and phylogenetic diversity components. Most studies (75.6%) assessed homogenization and differentiation based on a single observation in time; as opposed to few studies that monitored plant community over multiple years. Forest fragmentation was cited as the main determinant of homogenization and differentiation processes (57.2% of articles). Our results highlight the importance of evaluating community composition over time and more than taxonomic components (i.e., functional and phylogenetic) to advance understanding of homogenization and differentiation. Both processes were scale dependent and not mutually exclusive. As such, future research should consider differentiation as a potential transition phase to homogenization and that potential differences in both processes may depend on the spatial and temporal scale adopted. Understanding the complexity and causes of homogenization and differentiation is essential for biodiversity conservation in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Freitag Kramer
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Victor P Zwiener
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Rito KF, Farfán M, Navia IC, Mora F, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Bongers F, Castellanos-Castro C, Catharino ELM, Chazdon RL, Dupuy-Rada JM, Ferguson BG, Foster PF, González-Valdivia N, Griffith DM, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Jong BHJ, Letcher SG, May-Pat F, Meave JA, Ochoa-Gaona S, Meirelles GS, Muñiz-Castro MA, Muñoz R, Powers JS, Rocha GPE, Rosário RPG, Santos BA, Simon MF, Tabarelli M, Tun-Dzul F, van den Berg E, Vieira DLM, Williams-Linera G, Martínez-Ramos M. Landscape-scale forest cover drives the predictability of forest regeneration across the Neotropics. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222203. [PMID: 36629117 PMCID: PMC9832557 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion of secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory and recovery rate, which are expected to depend on landscape-scale forest cover in nonlinear ways. Using a multi-scale approach and a large vegetation dataset (843 plots, 3511 tree species) from 22 secondary forest chronosequences distributed across the Neotropics, we show that successional trajectories of woody plant species richness, stem density and basal area are less predictable in landscapes (4 km radius) with intermediate (40-60%) forest cover than in landscapes with high (greater than 60%) forest cover. This supports theory suggesting that high spatial and environmental heterogeneity in intermediately deforested landscapes can increase the variation of key ecological factors for forest recovery (e.g. seed dispersal and seedling recruitment), increasing the uncertainty of successional trajectories. Regarding the recovery rate, only species richness is positively related to forest cover in relatively small (1 km radius) landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of using a spatially explicit landscape approach in restoration initiatives and suggest that these initiatives can be more effective in more forested landscapes, especially if implemented across spatial extents of 1-4 km radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97357 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Kátia F. Rito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Michelle Farfán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geomática e Hidráulica, División de Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván C. Navia
- Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas, 58219 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Road, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Juan M. Dupuy-Rada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Bruce G. Ferguson
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 29290 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Paul F. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Bijagual Ecological Reserve, Apdo. 35-3069, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia 41001, Costa Rica
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Departamento de Ingenierías, 24520 Chiná, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Daniel M. Griffith
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, CP 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardus H. J. Jong
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | - Filogonio May-Pat
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Gabriela S. Meirelles
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Muñiz-Castro
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45200 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108 Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gustavo P. E. Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P. G. Rosário
- Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 01302-907 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-917 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tun-Dzul
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel L. M. Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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11
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Marshall AR, Waite CE, Pfeifer M, Banin LF, Rakotonarivo S, Chomba S, Herbohn J, Gilmour DA, Brown M, Chazdon RL. Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210065. [PMID: 36373922 PMCID: PMC9661955 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science and practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain for achieving successful, long-term forest landscape restoration (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge and literature review to identify knowledge gaps that need closing to advance restoration practice, as an introduction to a landmark theme issue on FLR and the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with an Adaptive Management Cycle for FLR, we identify 15 essential science advances required to facilitate FLR success for nature and people. They highlight that the greatest science challenges lie in the conceptualization, planning and assessment stages of restoration, which require an evidence base for why, where and how to restore, at realistic scales. FLR and underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines and sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers and trade-offs critical for decision-making and financing. The developing tropics are a priority region, where scientists must work with stakeholders across the Adaptive Management Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific evidence for action at the outset of restoration planning will enable donors, decision makers and implementers to develop informed objectives, realistic targets and processes for accountability. This article paves the way for 19 further articles in this theme issue, with author contributions from across the world. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Marshall
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Reforest Africa, Mang'ula, Tanzania
- Flamingo Land Ltd, Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire YO17 6UX, UK
| | - Catherine E. Waite
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lindsay F. Banin
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Sarobidy Rakotonarivo
- École Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 566 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - John Herbohn
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Donald A. Gilmour
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Mark Brown
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
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12
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Elliott S, Tucker NIJ, Shannon DP, Tiansawat P. The framework species method: harnessing natural regeneration to restore tropical forest ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210073. [PMID: 36373920 PMCID: PMC9661958 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As interest in restoring tropical forests surges, so does the need for effective methods to ensure success. The framework species method (FSM) restores forest ecosystems by densely planting open sites, close to natural forest, with woody species, indigenous to the reference ecosystem and selected for their ability to accelerate ecological succession. Criteria for selecting framework species include: (i) representative of the reference forest ecosystem, (ii) tolerant of open conditions, (iii) ability to suppress weeds, (iv) attractiveness to seed-dispersing animals and (v) easily propagated. The method is effective where forest remnants and viable populations of seed dispersers remain. The origins and elements of the FSM are discussed. We review its adoption in 12 countries. Adherence to original principles was mostly high, but some misuse of the term was evident. The need for clearer definitions was identified. We place the FSM on a scale of restoration methods, matched with degradation levels and compare its establishment costs with those of other methods. Obstacles to its wider adoption, both technical and socio-economic, are discussed, along with how these might be overcome. Finally, the FSM is more clearly defined to facilitate its use in contributing towards the goals of the UN Decade on Restoration. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Elliott
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nigel I. J. Tucker
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns QLD3811, Australia
| | - Dia Panitnard Shannon
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Tiansawat
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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13
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Chazdon RL, Norden N, Colwell RK, Chao A. Monitoring recovery of tree diversity during tropical forest restoration: lessons from long-term trajectories of natural regeneration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210069. [PMID: 36373917 PMCID: PMC9661944 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of species diversity as a tool for assessing recovery during forest regeneration and active restoration, robust approaches for assessing changes in tree species diversity over time are urgently needed. We assessed changes in tree species diversity during natural regeneration over 12-20 years in eight 1-ha monitoring plots in NE Costa Rica, six second-growth forests and two old-growth reference forests. We used diversity profiles to show successional trajectories in measures of observed, asymptotic and standardized tree diversity and evenness as well as sample completeness. We randomly subsampled 1-ha plot data to evaluate how well smaller spatial subsamples would have captured temporal trajectories. Annual surveys in eight 1-ha plots were missing substantial numbers of rare or infrequent species. Older second-growth sites showed consistent declines in tree diversity, whereas younger sites showed fluctuating patterns or increases. Subsample areas of 0.5 ha or greater were sufficient to infer the diversity of abundant species, but smaller subsamples failed to capture temporal trajectories of species richness and yielded positively biased estimates of evenness. In tropical forest regions with high levels of diversity, species diversity from small sample plots should be assessed using methods that incorporate abundance information and that standardize for sample coverage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Tropical Forest and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556 Queensland, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, 30043
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14
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Zhang B, Fischer FJ, Coomes DA, Jucker T. Logging leaves a fingerprint on the number, size, spatial configuration and geometry of tropical forest canopy gaps. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - David A. Coomes
- Conservation Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
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15
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Ivanov AV, Salo MA, Bondarchuk SN, Zamolodchikov DG, Mogileva AV, Kochkarina NA. Impact of Windblow on the Structure and Phytomass of Siberian Pine and Birch Forests of the Central Sikhote-Alin. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wallwork A, Banin LF, Dent DH, Skiba U, Sayer E. Soil carbon storage is related to tree functional composition in naturally regenerating tropical forests. Funct Ecol 2022; 36:3175-3187. [PMID: 37064076 PMCID: PMC10099939 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating tropical forests are increasingly important for their role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon stocks in above-ground biomass can recover to old-growth forest levels within 60-100 years. However, more than half of all carbon in tropical forests is stored below-ground, and our understanding of carbon storage in soils during tropical forest recovery is limited.Importantly, soil carbon accumulation does not necessarily reflect patterns in above-ground biomass carbon accrual during secondary forest succession, and factors related to past land use, species composition and soil characteristics may influence soil carbon storage during forest regrowth.Using tree census data and a measure of tree community shade tolerance (species-specific light response values), we assessed the relationship between soil organic carbon stocks and tree functional groups during secondary succession along a chronosequence of 40- to 120-year-old naturally regenerating secondary forest and old-growth tropical forest stands in Panama.While previous studies found no evidence for increasing soil C storage with secondary forest age, we found a strong relationship between tree functional composition and soil carbon stocks at 0-10 cm depth, whereby carbon stocks increased with the relative influence of light-demanding tree species. Light demanding trees had higher leaf nitrogen but lower leaf density than shade-tolerant trees, suggesting that rapid decomposition of nutrient-rich plant material in forests with a higher proportion of light-demanding species results in greater accumulation of carbon in the surface layer of soils. Synthesis. We propose that soil carbon storage in secondary tropical forests is more strongly linked to tree functional composition than forest age, and that the persistence of long-lived pioneer trees could enhance soil carbon storage as forests age. Considering shifts in tree functional groups could improve estimates of carbon sequestration potential for climate change mitigation by tropical forest regrowth. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Wallwork
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | | | - Daisy H. Dent
- Max Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative Biology, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
| | - Ute Skiba
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Emma Sayer
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
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Martinuzzi S, Cook BD, Helmer EH, Keller M, Locke DH, Marcano‐Vega H, Uriarte M, Morton DC. Patterns and controls on island‐wide aboveground biomass accumulation in second‐growth forests of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martinuzzi
- SILVIS Lab Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Bruce D. Cook
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Eileen H. Helmer
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry San Juan Puerto Rico USA
| | - Michael Keller
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry San Juan Puerto Rico USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Dexter H. Locke
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Baltimore Field Station Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Douglas C. Morton
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
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18
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Jakovac CC, Meave JA, Bongers F, Letcher SG, Dupuy JM, Piotto D, Rozendaal DMA, Peña-Claros M, Craven D, Santos BA, Siminski A, Fantini AC, Rodrigues AC, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Idárraga A, Junqueira AB, Zambrano AMA, de Jong BHJ, Pinho BX, Finegan B, Castellano-Castro C, Zambiazi DC, Dent DH, García DH, Kennard D, Delgado D, Broadbent EN, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Lebrija-Trejos E, Berenguer E, Marín-Spiotta E, Alvarez-Davila E, de Sá Sampaio EV, Melo F, Elias F, França F, Oberleitner F, Mora F, Williamson GB, Colletta GD, Cabral GAL, Derroire G, Fernandes GW, van der Wal H, Teixeira HM, Vester HFM, García H, Vieira ICG, Jiménez-Montoya J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Hall JS, Chave J, Zimmerman JK, Nieto JE, Ferreira J, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Ruíz J, Barlow J, Aguilar-Cano J, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Engel J, Becknell JM, Zanini K, Lohbeck M, Tabarelli M, Romero-Romero MA, Uriarte M, Veloso MDM, Espírito-Santo MM, van der Sande MT, van Breugel M, Martínez-Ramos M, Schwartz NB, Norden N, Pérez-Cárdenas N, González-Valdivia N, Petronelli P, Balvanera P, Massoca P, Brancalion PHS, Villa PM, Hietz P, Ostertag R, López-Camacho R, César RG, Mesquita R, Chazdon RL, Muñoz R, DeWalt SJ, Müller SC, Durán SM, Martins SV, Ochoa-Gaona S, Rodríguez-Buritica S, Aide TM, Bentos TV, de S Moreno V, Granda V, Thomas W, Silver WL, Nunes YRF, Poorter L. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1767. [PMID: 35776785 PMCID: PMC10883372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susan G Letcher
- College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelacion y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Jose Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alexandre Siminski
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems-PPGEAN, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos-SC, Brazil
| | - Alfredo C Fantini
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alice C Rodrigues
- Associação para a Conservação da Biodiversidade - PROBIODIVERSA-BRASIL, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ximenes Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Castellano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daisy Christiane Zambiazi
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Daniel Hernán García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Everardo Valadares de Sá Sampaio
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear-CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000, 50740-540 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Felipe Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Elias
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Pará, Brazil
| | - Filipe França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Florian Oberleitner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, USA
| | - Gabriel Dalla Colletta
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino, Vaz-Barão Geraldo, Campinas-SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro, Tabasco, México
| | | | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Bâtiment 4R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Justin M Becknell
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, 4000 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
- University of Zürich, Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calle 11 s/n entre 22 y 28, Chiná, 24520 Campeche, México
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Paulo Massoca
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
- Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), CP 5101 Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Carrera 5 este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, U-43, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Sebastião Venâncio Martins
- Laboratório de Restauração Florestal, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Buritica
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA
| | - Tony Vizcarra Bentos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de S Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Granda
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Wayt Thomas
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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19
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Barber C, Graves SJ, Hall JS, Zuidema PA, Brandt J, Bohlman SA, Asner GP, Bailón M, Caughlin TT. Species-level tree crown maps improve predictions of tree recruit abundance in a tropical landscape. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2585. [PMID: 35333420 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicting forest recovery at landscape scales will aid forest restoration efforts. The first step in successful forest recovery is tree recruitment. Forecasts of tree recruit abundance, derived from the landscape-scale distribution of seed sources (i.e., adult trees), could assist efforts to identify sites with high potential for natural regeneration. However, previous work revealed wide variation in the effect of seed sources on seedling abundance, from positive to no effect. We quantified the relationship between adult tree seed sources and tree recruits and predicted where natural recruitment would occur in a fragmented, tropical, agricultural landscape. We integrated species-specific tree crown maps generated from hyperspectral imagery and property ownership data with field data on the spatial distribution of tree recruits from five species. We then developed hierarchical Bayesian models to predict landscape-scale recruit abundance. Our models revealed that species-specific maps of tree crowns improved recruit abundance predictions. Conspecific crown area had a much stronger impact on recruitment abundance (8.00% increase in recruit abundance when conspecific tree density increases from zero to one tree; 95% credible interval (CI): 0.80% to 11.57%) than heterospecific crown area (0.03% increase with the addition of a single heterospecific tree, 95% CI: -0.60% to 0.68%). Individual property ownership was also an important predictor of recruit abundance: The best performing model had varying effects of conspecific and heterospecific crown area on recruit abundance, depending on individual property ownership. We demonstrate how novel remote sensing approaches and cadastral data can be used to generate high-resolution and landscape-level maps of tree recruit abundance. Spatial models parameterized with field, cadastral, and remote sensing data are poised to assist decision support for forest landscape restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barber
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Sarah J Graves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ForestGEO, Panama City, Panama
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jodi Brandt
- Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mario Bailón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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20
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Evidence for Alternate Stable States in an Ecuadorian Andean Cloud Forest. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tree diversity inventories were undertaken. The goal of this study was to understand changes in tree community dynamics that may result from common anthropogenic disturbances at the Reserva Los Cedros, a tropical montane cloud forest reserve in northern Andean Ecuador. The reserve shows extremely high alpha and beta tree diversity. We found that all primary forest sites, regardless of age of natural gaps, are quite ecologically resilient, appearing to return to a primary-forest-type community of trees following gap formation. In contrast, forests regenerating from anthropogenic disturbance appear to have multiple possible ecological states. Where anthropogenic disturbance was intense, novel tree communities appear to be assembling, with no indication of return to a primary forest state. Even in ancient primary forests, new forest types may be forming, as we found that seedling community composition did not resemble adult tree communities. We also suggest small watersheds as a useful basic spatial unit for understanding biodiversity patterns in the tropical Andes that confound more traditional Euclidean distance as a basic proxy of dissimilarity. Finally, we highlight the conservation value of Reserva Los Cedros, which has managed to reverse deforestation within its boundaries despite a general trend of extensive deforestation in the surrounding region, to protect a large, contiguous area of highly endangered Andean primary cloud forest.
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21
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Hoenle PO, Donoso DA, Argoti A, Staab M, von Beeren C, Blüthgen N. Rapid ant community reassembly in a Neotropical forest: Recovery dynamics and land-use legacy. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2559. [PMID: 35112764 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regrowing secondary forests dominate tropical regions today, and a mechanistic understanding of their recovery dynamics provides important insights for conservation. In particular, land-use legacy effects on the fauna have rarely been investigated. One of the most ecologically dominant and functionally important animal groups in tropical forests are the ants. Here, we investigated the recovery of ant communities in a forest-agricultural habitat mosaic in the Ecuadorian Chocó region. We used a replicated chronosequence of previously used cacao plantations and pastures with 1-34 years of regeneration time to study the recovery dynamics of species communities and functional diversity across the two land-use legacies. We compared two independent components of responses on these community properties: resistance, which is measured as the proportion of an initial property that remains following the disturbance; and resilience, which is the rate of recovery relative to its loss. We found that compositional and trait structure similarity to old-growth forest communities increased with regeneration age, whereas ant species richness remained always at a high level along the chronosequence. Land-use legacies influenced species composition, with former cacao plantations showing higher resemblance to old-growth forests than former pastures along the chronosequence. While resistance was low for species composition and high for species richness and traits, all community properties had similarly high resilience. In essence, our results show that ant communities of the Chocó recovery rapidly, with former cacao reaching predicted old-growth forest community levels after 21 years and pastures after 29 years. Recovery in this community was faster than reported from other ecosystems and was likely facilitated by the low-intensity farming in agricultural sites and their proximity to old-growth forest remnants. Our study indicates the great recovery potential for this otherwise highly threatened biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Argoti
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph von Beeren
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Prieto PV, Bukoski JJ, Barros FSM, Beyer HL, Iribarrem A, Brancalion PHS, Chazdon RL, Lindenmayer DB, Strassburg BBN, Guariguata MR, Crouzeilles R. Predicting landscape-scale biodiversity recovery by natural tropical forest regrowth. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13842. [PMID: 34705299 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural forest regrowth is a cost-effective, nature-based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape-scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second-growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second-growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine-learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape-scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9-51%). Landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in second-growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range-adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Prieto
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob J Bukoski
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Felipe S M Barros
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centro de Referencia en Tecnologías de la Información para la Gestión con Software Libre (CeRTIG+SoL), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina
- Departamento de Geografía, Instituto Superior Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, Misiones, Argentina
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Hawthorne L Beyer
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alvaro Iribarrem
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Crouzeilles
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Hughes RF, Grossman D, Sowards TG, Marshall JD, Mueller-Dombois D. Aboveground carbon accumulation by second-growth forests after deforestation in Hawai'i. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2539. [PMID: 35048473 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Successional processes ultimately determine and define carbon accumulations in forested ecosystems. Although primary succession on wholly new substrate occurs across the globe, secondary succession, often following storm events or anthropogenic disturbance, is more common and is capable of globally significant accumulations of carbon (C) at a time when offsets to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions are critically needed. In Hawai'i, prior studies have investigated ecosystem development during primary succession on lava flows, including estimates of C mass accumulation. Yet relatively little is known regarding secondary succession of Hawaii's native forests, particularly regarding C mass accumulation. Here we documented aboveground C mass accumulation by native- and nonnative-dominated second-growth forests following deforestation of mature native lowland rainforests in the Puna District of Hawai'i Island. We characterized species composition and stand structure of three distinct successional forest stand types: those dominated by the native tree, Metrosideros polymorpha ('Ōhi'a), and those dominated by invasive nonnative trees, Falcataria moluccana (albizia) and Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava). We compared M. polymorpha-dominated and F. moluccana-dominated second-growth forests to adjacent mature M. polymorpha-dominated forests as well as young M. polymorpha-dominated forests undergoing initial stages of primary succession on 36-years-old lava fields. Aboveground carbon density (ACD) values of mature primary forest stands (171 Mg/ha) were comparable to those of mature continental tropical forests. M. polymorpha-dominated second-growth stands attained nearly 50% of ACD values of mature primary forests after less than 30 years of post-disturbance succession and exhibited aboveground carbon accumulation rates of ~3 Mg C·ha-1 ·year-1 . Such rates were comparable to those of second-growth forests in continental tropics. Rates of ACD accumulation by second-growth forests dominated by nonnative F. moluccana stands were similar, or slightly greater than, those of M. polymorpha-dominated stands. However, M. polymorpha individuals were virtually absent from stands dominated by either P. cattleianum or F. moluccana. Taken together, results demonstrated that re-establishment and rapid accumulation of C mass by M. polymorpha stands during secondary succession is certainly possible, but only where populations of nonnative species have not already colonized areas during early stages of secondary succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Flint Hughes
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Dennis Grossman
- California Strategic Growth Council, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Travis G Sowards
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan D Marshall
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawai'i, USA
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24
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Crawford CL, Yin H, Radeloff VC, Wilcove DS. Rural land abandonment is too ephemeral to provide major benefits for biodiversity and climate. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8999. [PMID: 35613262 PMCID: PMC9132457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of hectares of cropland have been abandoned globally since 1950 due to demographic, economic, and environmental changes. This abandonment has been seen as an important opportunity for carbon sequestration and habitat restoration; yet those benefits depend on the persistence of abandonment, which is poorly known. Here, we track abandonment and recultivation at 11 sites across four continents using annual land-cover maps for 1987-2017. We find that abandonment is largely fleeting, lasting on average only 14.22 years (SD = 1.44). At most sites, we project that >50% of abandoned croplands will be recultivated within 30 years, precluding the accumulation of substantial amounts of carbon and biodiversity. Recultivation resulted in 30.84% less abandonment and 35.39% less carbon accumulated by 2017 than expected without recultivation. Unless policymakers take steps to reduce recultivation or provide incentives for regeneration, abandonment will remain a missed opportunity to reduce biodiversity loss and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Crawford
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - He Yin
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Volker C. Radeloff
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David S. Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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25
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Rother DC, Sousa ILF, Gressler E, Liboni AP, Souza VC, Rodrigues RR, Morellato LP. Comparing the potential reproductive phenology between restored areas and native tropical forest fragments in Southeastern Brazil. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Débora C. Rother
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Instituto de Biociências São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Igor L. F. Sousa
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eliana Gressler
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana P. Liboni
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vinícius C. Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Patrícia Morellato
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Fenologia Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
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26
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Schulte to Bühne H, Pettorelli N, Hoffmann M. The policy consequences of defining rewilding. AMBIO 2022; 51:93-102. [PMID: 33983560 PMCID: PMC8651963 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years after it was first proposed as a biodiversity conservation strategy, rewilding remains a controversial concept. There is currently little agreement about what the goals of rewilding are, and how these are best achieved, limiting the utility of rewilding in mainstream conservation. Achieving consensus about rewilding requires agreeing about what "wild" means, but many different definitions exist, reflecting the diversity of values in conservation. There are three key debates that must be addressed to find a consensual definition of "wild": (1) to which extent can people and "wild" nature co-exist?; (2) how much space does "wild" nature need? and (3) what kinds of "wild" nature do we value? Depending on the kinds of "wild" nature rewilding aims to create, rewilding policy will be faced with managing different opportunities and risks for biodiversity and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Schulte to Bühne
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY UK
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP and the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY UK
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27
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Poorter L, Craven D, Jakovac CC, van der Sande MT, Amissah L, Bongers F, Chazdon RL, Farrior CE, Kambach S, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Norden N, Rüger N, van Breugel M, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Amani B, Andrade JL, Brancalion PHS, Broadbent EN, de Foresta H, Dent DH, Derroire G, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Fantini AC, Finegan B, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Hietz P, Junqueira AB, N'dja JK, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, López-Camacho R, Martínez-Ramos M, Melo FPL, Mora F, Müller SC, N'Guessan AE, Oberleitner F, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Pinho BX, Piotto D, Powers JS, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Rozendaal DMA, Ruíz J, Tabarelli M, Teixeira HM, Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio E, van der Wal H, Villa PM, Fernandes GW, Santos BA, Aguilar-Cano J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Alvarez-Davila E, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Cabral GAL, Castellanos-Castro C, de Jong BHJ, Nieto JE, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, García H, García-Villalobos D, Hall JS, Idárraga A, Jiménez-Montoya J, Kennard D, Marín-Spiotta E, Mesquita R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-Cárdenas N, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Villanueva LS, Schwartz NB, Steininger MK, Veloso MDM, Vester HFM, Vieira ICG, Williamson GB, Zanini K, Hérault B. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery. Science 2021; 374:1370-1376. [PMID: 34882461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephan Kambach
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bienvenu Amani
- UFR Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hubert de Foresta
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Kassi N'dja
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Heitor Mancini Teixeira
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco, México
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Geraldo W Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | | | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lucía Sanaphre Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc K Steininger
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.,Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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Mirabel A, Marcon E, Hérault B. 30 Years of postdisturbance recruitment in a Neotropical forest. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14448-14458. [PMID: 34765118 PMCID: PMC8571577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS Long-term community response to disturbance can follow manifold successional pathways depending on the interplay between various recruitment processes. Analyzing the succession of recruited communities provides a long-term perspective on forest response to disturbance. Specifically, postdisturbance recruitment trajectories assess (a) the successive phases of postdisturbance response and the role of deterministic recruitment processes, and (b) the return to predisturbance state of recruits taxonomic/functional diversity/composition. LOCATION Amazonian rainforest, Paracou station, French Guiana. METHODS We analyzed trajectories of recruited tree communities, from twelve forest plots of 6.25 ha each, during 30 years following a disturbance gradient that ranged from 10% to 60% of aboveground biomass removed. We measured recruited community taxonomic composition turnover, compared to whole predisturbance community, and assessed their functional composition by measuring the community weighted means for seven leaf, stem, and life-history functional traits. We also measured recruited community taxonomic richness, taxonomic evenness, and functional diversity and compared them to the diversity values from a random recruitment process. RESULTS While control plots trajectories resembled random recruitment trajectories, postdisturbance trajectories diverged significantly. This divergence corresponded to an enhanced recruitment of light-demanding species that became dominant above a disturbance intensity threshold. After breakpoints in time, though, recruitment trajectories returned to diversity values and composition similar to those of predisturbance and control plots community. CONCLUSIONS Following disturbance, recruitment processes specific to undisturbed community were first replaced by the emergence of more restricted, deterministic recruitment processes favoring species with efficient light use and acquisition. Then, a second phase corresponded to a decades-long recovery of recruits predisturbance taxonomic and functional diversity and composition that remained unachieved after 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mirabel
- UMR EcoFoGAgroParistechCNRSCiradINRAUniversité des AntillesUniversité de GuyaneKourouFrance
| | - Eric Marcon
- UMR EcoFoGAgroParistechCNRSCiradINRAUniversité des AntillesUniversité de GuyaneKourouFrance
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRADUPR Forêts et SociétésYamoussoukroCôte d'Ivoire
- Forêts et SociétésUniv MontpellierCIRADMontpellierFrance
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët‐BoignyINP‐HBYamoussoukroCôte d'Ivoire
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29
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Soil Fungal Community Composition Correlates with Site-Specific Abiotic Factors, Tree Community Structure, and Forest Age in Regenerating Tropical Rainforests. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111120. [PMID: 34827113 PMCID: PMC8614695 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Regenerating forests represent over half of all tropical forests. While regeneration processes of trees and animal groups have been studied, there is surprisingly little information about how the diversity and community composition of fungi and other microorganisms change and what ecological roles play in tropical forest regeneration. In this study, we compared the diversity and community composition of trees and soil fungi among primary forests and regenerating forests of different ages in two sampling areas in southern Costa Rica. Our study shows that while forest age has a significant influence, environmental factors, such as mesoclimate and soil chemistry, have stronger effects on both fungal and tree communities. Moreover, we observed that the more dissimilar tree communities are between any two sites, the more dissimilar the composition of fungal communities. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the successional processes of tropical forests in different regions and inform land use and forest management strategies, including, but not limited to, conservation, restoration, and sustainable use. Abstract Successional dynamics of plants and animals during tropical forest regeneration have been thoroughly studied, while fungal compositional dynamics during tropical forest succession remain unknown, despite the crucial roles of fungi in ecological processes. We combined tree data and soil fungal DNA metabarcoding data to compare richness and community composition along secondary forest succession in Costa Rica and assessed the potential roles of abiotic factors influencing them. We found a strong coupling of tree and soil fungal community structure in wet tropical primary and regenerating secondary forests. Forest age, edaphic variables, and regional differences in climatic conditions all had significant effects on tree and fungal richness and community composition in all functional groups. Furthermore, we observed larger site-to-site compositional differences and greater influence of edaphic and climatic factors in secondary than in primary forests. The results suggest greater environmental heterogeneity and greater stochasticity in community assembly in the early stages of secondary forest succession and a certain convergence on a set of taxa with a competitive advantage in the more persisting environmental conditions in old-growth forests. Our work provides unprecedented insights into the successional dynamics of fungal communities during secondary tropical forest succession.
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30
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Catano CP, Bassett TJ, Bauer JT, Grman E, Groves AM, Zirbel CR, Brudvig LA. Soil resources mediate the strength of species but not trait convergence across grassland restorations. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler J. Bassett
- Michigan Natural Features Inventory Michigan State University Extension Lansing MI USA
| | - Jonathan T. Bauer
- Department of Biology and the Institute for the Environment and Sustainability Miami University Oxford OH USA
| | - Emily Grman
- Department of Biology Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti MI USA
| | - Anna M. Groves
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Freelance science journalist Kansas City MI USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Chad R. Zirbel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Lars A. Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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31
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Salas-Eljatib C. An approach to quantify climate-productivity relationships: an example from a widespread Nothofagus forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02285. [PMID: 33423354 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unique combinations of geographic and environmental conditions make quantifying the importance of factors that influence forest productivity difficult. I aimed to model the height growth of dominant Nothofagus alpina trees in temperate forests of Chile, as a proxy for forest productivity, by building a dynamic model that accounts for topography, habitat type, and climate conditions. Using stem analysis data of 169 dominant trees sampled throughout south-central Chile (35°50' and 41°30' S), I estimated growth model parameters using a nonlinear mixed-effects framework that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Based on the proposed model, I used a system-dynamics approach to analyze growth rates as a function of topographic, habitat type, and climatic variability. I found that the interaction between aspect, slope, and elevation, as well as the effect of habitat type, play an essential role in determining tree height growth rates of N. alpina. Furthermore, the precipitation in the warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality, and annual mean temperature are critical climatic drivers of forest productivity. Given a forecasted climate condition for the region by 2100, where precipitation seasonality and mean annual temperature increase by 10% and 1°C, respectively, and precipitation in the warmest quarter decreases by 10 mm, I predict a reduction of 1.4 m in height growth of 100-yr-old dominant trees. This study shows that the sensitivity of N. alpina-dominated forests to precipitation and temperature patterns could lead to a reduction of tree height growth rates as a result of climate change, suggesting a decrease in carbon sequestration too. By implementing a system dynamics approach, I provide a new perspective on climate-productivity relationships, bettering the quantitative understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics under climate change. The results highlight that while temperature rising might favor forest growth, the decreasing in both amount and distribution within a year of precipitation can be even more critical to reduce forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Werden LK, Holl KD, Chaves‐Fallas JM, Oviedo‐Brenes F, Rosales JA, Zahawi RA. Degree of intervention affects interannual and within‐plot heterogeneity of seed arrival in tropical forest restoration. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leland K. Werden
- Lyon Arboretum and School of Life Sciences University of Hawaii at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
| | - Karen D. Holl
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - José Miguel Chaves‐Fallas
- Department of Biology and Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri‒St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA) Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
| | - Federico Oviedo‐Brenes
- Las Cruces Biological Station Organization for Tropical Studies San Vito de Coto Brus Costa Rica
| | - Juan Abel Rosales
- Las Cruces Biological Station Organization for Tropical Studies San Vito de Coto Brus Costa Rica
| | - Rakan A. Zahawi
- Lyon Arboretum and School of Life Sciences University of Hawaii at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
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33
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Huanca Nuñez N, Chazdon RL, Russo SE. Seed-rain-successional feedbacks in wet tropical forests. Ecology 2021; 102:e03362. [PMID: 33834498 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forest regeneration after abandonment of former agricultural land depends critically on the input of tree seeds, yet seed dispersal is increasingly disrupted in contemporary human-modified landscapes. Here, we introduce the concept of seed-rain-successional feedbacks as a deterministic process in which seed rain is shaped by successional dynamics internal to a forest site and that acts to reinforce priority effects. We used a combination of time series and chronosequence approaches to investigate how the quantity and taxonomic and functional composition of seed rain change during succession and to evaluate the strength of seed-rain-successional feedbacks, relative to other deterministic and stochastic mechanisms, in secondary wet forests of Costa Rica. We found that both successional niches and seed-rain-successional feedbacks shaped successional trajectories in the seed rain. Determinism due to successional niche assembly was supported by the increasing convergence of community structure to that of a mature forest, in terms of both functional and taxonomic composition. With successional age, the proportions of large-seeded, shade-tolerant species in the seed rain increased, whereas the proportion of animal-dispersed species did not change significantly. Seed-rain-successional feedbacks increased in strength with successional age, as the proportion of immigrant seeds (species not locally represented in the site) decreased with successional age, and the composition of the seed rain became more similar to that of the adult trees at the forest site. The deterministic assembly generated by seed-rain-successional feedback likely contributed to the increasing divergence of secondary forest sites from each other during succession. To the extent that human modification of tropical forest landscapes reduces connectivity via factors such as forest cover loss, our results suggest that seed-rain-successional feedbacks are likely to increasingly shape regeneration trajectories in and amplify floristic heterogeneity among tropical secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Huanca Nuñez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0118, USA
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0118, USA.,Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588-0660, USA
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34
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Niche Selection by Soil Bacterial Community of Disturbed Subalpine Forests in Western Sichuan. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil bacterial microbial communities are important in the ecosystem function and succession of forests. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and relative importance for linear regression, we explored how the structures of soil bacterial community were influenced by the environmental factors and restoration succession of secondary forests in the Miyaluo Mountains of western Sichuan, China. Using a space-for-time approach, field measurements and sampling were conducted in four stands at different stages of natural restoration. Results of distance-based multivariate analysis showed that soil pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, and C/N ratio were the predominant environmental factors that collectively explained a 46.9% variation in the bacterial community structures. The community compositions were jointly controlled by the direct and indirect effects of the rehabilitation stages. The changes in soil environmental factors coincided with restoration succession could lead to the shifts in the relative abundance of different soil bacterial taxa. We screened 13 successional discriminant taxa that could quantitatively indicate the secondary succession subalpine stage. Collectively, our findings show that soil bacteria in different taxa are governed by different local soil variables and rehabilitation ages, which can lead to shifts in the relative abundance of different taxa in successional stages, ultimately changing the entire soil bacterial community with the succession of secondary forest.
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35
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Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Crouzeilles R, Peña-Claros M, Mesquita RCG, Bongers F. The role of land-use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1114-1134. [PMID: 33709566 PMCID: PMC8360101 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests are increasingly important components of human‐modified landscapes in the tropics. Successional pathways, however, can vary enormously across and within landscapes, with divergent regrowth rates, vegetation structure and species composition. While climatic and edaphic conditions drive variations across regions, land‐use history plays a central role in driving alternative successional pathways within human‐modified landscapes. How land use affects succession depends on its intensity, spatial extent, frequency, duration and management practices, and is mediated by a complex combination of mechanisms acting on different ecosystem components and at different spatial and temporal scales. We review the literature aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long‐lasting effects of land use on tropical forest succession and to discuss its implications for forest restoration. We organize it following a framework based on the hierarchical model of succession and ecological filtering theory. This review shows that our knowledge is mostly derived from studies in Neotropical forests regenerating after abandonment of shifting cultivation or pasture systems. Vegetation is the ecological component assessed most often. Little is known regarding how the recovery of belowground processes and microbiota communities is affected by previous land‐use history. In published studies, land‐use history has been mostly characterized by type, without discrimination of intensity, extent, duration or frequency. We compile and discuss the metrics used to describe land‐use history, aiming to facilitate future studies. The literature shows that (i) species availability to succession is affected by transformations in the landscape that affect dispersal, and by management practices and seed predation, which affect the composition and diversity of propagules on site. Once a species successfully reaches an abandoned field, its establishment and performance are dependent on resistance to management practices, tolerance to (modified) soil conditions, herbivory, competition with weeds and invasive species, and facilitation by remnant trees. (ii) Structural and compositional divergences at early stages of succession remain for decades, suggesting that early communities play an important role in governing further ecosystem functioning and processes during succession. Management interventions at early stages could help enhance recovery rates and manipulate successional pathways. (iii) The combination of local and landscape conditions defines the limitations to succession and therefore the potential for natural regeneration to restore ecosystem properties effectively. The knowledge summarized here could enable the identification of conditions in which natural regeneration could efficiently promote forest restoration, and where specific management practices are required to foster succession. Finally, characterization of the landscape context and previous land‐use history is essential to understand the limitations to succession and therefore to define cost‐effective restoration strategies. Advancing knowledge on these two aspects is key for finding generalizable relations that will increase the predictability of succession and the efficiency of forest restoration under different landscape contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - André B Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina, 124, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia.,Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, 20271-901, Brazil
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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36
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César RG, Moreno VDS, Coletta GD, Schweizer D, Chazdon RL, Barlow J, Ferraz SFB, Crouzeilles R, Brancalion PHS. It is not just about time: Agricultural practices and surrounding forest cover affect secondary forest recovery in agricultural landscapes. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G. César
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Vanessa de S. Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Coletta
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, Biology Institute University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Daniella Schweizer
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Silvio F. B. Ferraz
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Renato Crouzeilles
- International Institute for Sustainability Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability Australia Canberra ACT Australia
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências do Meio Ambiente Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
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37
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Caughlin TT, Barber C, Asner GP, Glenn NF, Bohlman SA, Wilson CH. Monitoring tropical forest succession at landscape scales despite uncertainty in Landsat time series. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02208. [PMID: 32627902 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting rates of forest succession at landscape scales will aid global efforts to restore tree cover to millions of hectares of degraded land. While optical satellite remote sensing can detect regional land cover change, quantifying forest structural change is challenging. We developed a state-space modeling framework that applies Landsat satellite data to estimate variability in rates of natural regeneration between sites in a tropical landscape. Our models work by disentangling measurement error in Landsat-derived spectral reflectance from process error related to successional variability. We applied our modeling framework to rank rates of forest succession between 10 naturally regenerating sites in Southwestern Panama from about 2001 to 2015 and tested how different models for measurement error impacted forecast accuracy, ecological inference, and rankings of successional rates between sites. We achieved the greatest increase in forecasting accuracy by adding intra-annual phenological variation to a model based on Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The best-performing model accounted for inter- and intra-annual noise in spectral reflectance and translated NDVI to canopy height via Landsat-lidar fusion. Modeling forest succession as a function of canopy height rather than NDVI also resulted in more realistic estimates of forest state during early succession, including greater confidence in rank order of successional rates between sites. These results establish the viability of state-space models to quantify ecological dynamics from time series of space-borne imagery. State-space models also provide a statistical approach well-suited to fusing high-resolution data, such as airborne lidar, with lower-resolution data that provides better temporal and spatial coverage, such as the Landsat satellite record. Monitoring forest succession using satellite imagery could play a key role in achieving global restoration targets, including identifying sites that will regain tree cover with minimal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trevor Caughlin
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Cristina Barber
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, Hawaii, 96720, USA
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Nancy F Glenn
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Chris H Wilson
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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38
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Multiple Factors Influence Seasonal and Interannual Litterfall Production in a Tropical Dry Forest in Mexico. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Litterfall production plays a fundamental role in the dynamics and function of tropical forest ecosystems, as it supplies 70–80% of nutrients entering the soil. This process varies annually and seasonally, depending on multiple environmental factors. However, few studies spanning several years have addressed the combined effect of climate variables, successional age, topography, and vegetation structure in tropical dry forests. In this study, we evaluated monthly, seasonal, and annual litterfall production over a five-year period in semideciduous dry forests of different successional ages growing on contrasting topographic conditions (sloping or flat terrain) in Yucatan, Mexico. Its relationship with climate and vegetation structural variables were also analyzed using multiple linear regression and generalized linear models. Litterfall was measured monthly in 12 litterfall traps of 0.5 m2 in three sampling clusters (sets of four 400 m2 sampling plots) established in forests of five successional age classes, 3–5, 10–17, 18–25, 60–79, and >80 years (in the latter two classes either on slopping or on flat terrain), for a total of 15 sampling clusters and 180 litterfall traps. Litterfall production varied between years (negatively correlated with precipitation), seasons (positively correlated with wind speed and maximum temperature), and months (negatively correlated with relative humidity) and was higher in flat than in sloping sites. Litterfall production also increased with successional age until 18–25 years after abandonment, when it attained values similar to those of mature forests. It was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass of deciduous species but negatively correlated with the basal area of evergreen species. Our results show a rapid recovery of litterfall production with successional age of these forests, which may increase with climate changes such as less precipitation, higher temperatures, and higher incidence of hurricanes.
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Werden LK, Holl KD, Rosales JA, Sylvester JM, Zahawi RA. Effects of dispersal- and niche-based factors on tree recruitment in tropical wet forest restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02139. [PMID: 32335980 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both dispersal- and niche-based factors can impose major barriers on tree establishment. Our understanding of how these factors interact to determine recruitment rates is based primarily on findings from mature tropical forests, despite the fact that a majority of tropical forests are now secondary. Consequently, factors influencing seed limitation and the seed-to-seedling transition (STS) in disturbed landscapes, and how those factors shift during succession, are not well understood. We used a 3.5-yr record of seed rain and seedling establishment to investigate factors influencing tree recruitment after a decade of recovery in a tropical wet forest restoration experiment in southern Costa Rica. We asked (1) how do a range of restoration treatments (natural regeneration, applied nucleation, plantation), canopy cover, and life-history traits influence the STS and (2) how do seed and establishment limitation (lack of seed arrival or lack of seedling recruitment, respectively) influence vegetation recovery within restoration treatments as compared to remnant forest? We did not observe any differences in STS rates across restoration treatments. However, STS rates were lowest in adjacent later successional remnant forests, where seed source availability did not highly limit seed arrival, underscoring that niche-based processes may increasingly limit recruitment as succession unfolds. Additionally, larger-seeded species had consistently higher STS rates across treatments and remnant forests, though establishment limitation for these species was lowest in the remnant forests. Species were generally seed limited and almost all were establishment limited; these patterns were consistent across treatments. However, our results suggest that differences in recruitment rates could be driven by differential dispersal to treatments with higher canopy cover. We found evidence that barriers to recruitment shift during succession, with the influence of seed limitation, mediated by species-level seed deposition rates, giving way to niche-based processes. However, establishment limitation was lowest in the remnant forests for large-seeded and late successional species, highlighting the importance of habitat specialization and life-history traits in dictating recruitment dynamics. Overall, results demonstrate that active restoration approaches such as tree planting catalyze forest recovery, not only by decreasing components of seed limitation, but also by developing canopy cover that increases establishment rates of larger-seeded species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland K Werden
- Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Karen D Holl
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Juan Abel Rosales
- Las Cruces Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito de Coto Brus, Costa Rica
| | - Janelle M Sylvester
- TROPIMUNDO Erasmus Mundus Program, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1000, Belgium
| | - Rakan A Zahawi
- Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Silveira FAO, Arruda AJ, Bond W, Durigan G, Fidelis A, Kirkman K, Oliveira RS, Overbeck GE, Sansevero JBB, Siebert F, Siebert SJ, Young TP, Buisson E. Myth‐busting tropical grassy biome restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. O. Silveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - André J. Arruda
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Giselda Durigan
- Floresta Estadual de Assis Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo P.O. Box 104, 19802‐970 Assis SP Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Av. 24A, 1515, 13506‐900 Rio Claro SP Brazil
| | - Kevin Kirkman
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas—UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Gerhard E. Overbeck
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501‐970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Jerônimo B. B Sansevero
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais (DCA), Instituto de Florestas (IF) Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro—UFRRJ BR 465, Km 07, CEP 23890‐000 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Frances Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Stefan J. Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Elise Buisson
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911 Avignon Cedex 09 France
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41
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Mukul SA, Herbohn J, Firn J. Rapid recovery of tropical forest diversity and structure after shifting cultivation in the Philippines uplands. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7189-7211. [PMID: 32760521 PMCID: PMC7391325 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifting cultivation is a widespread land-use in the tropics that is considered a major threat to rainforest diversity and structure. In the Philippines, a country with rich biodiversity and high rates of species endemism, shifting cultivation, locally termed as kaingin, is a major land-use and has been for centuries. Despite the potential impact of shifting cultivation on forests and its importance to many people, it is not clear how biodiversity and forest structure recover after kaingin abandonment in the country, and how well these post-kaingin secondary forests can complement the old-growth forests. We investigated parameters of forest diversity and structure along a fallow age gradient in secondary forests regenerating after kaingin abandonment in Leyte Island, the Philippines (elevation range: 445-650 m asl). We first measured the tree diversity and forest structure indices in regenerating secondary forests and old-growth forest. We then measured the recovery of tree diversity and forest structure parameters in relation to the old-growth forest. Finally, using linear mixed effect models (LMM), we assessed the effect of different environmental variables on the recovery of forest diversity and structure. We found significantly higher species density in the oldest fallow sites, while Shannon's index, species evenness, stem number, basal area, and leaf area index were higher in the old-growth forest. A homogeneous species composition was found across the sites of older fallow age. Multivariate analysis revealed patch size as a strong predictor of tree diversity and forest structure recovery after shifting cultivation. Our study suggests that, secondary forests regenerating after shifting cultivation abandonment can recover rapidly. Although recovery of forest structure was not as rapid as the tree diversity, our older fallow sites contained a similar number of species as the old-growth forest. Many of these species are also endemic to the Philippines. Novel and emerging ecosystems like tropical secondary forests are of high conservation importance and can act as a refuge for dwindling tropical forest biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A. Mukul
- Tropical Forests and People Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQLDAustralia
- Tropical Forestry GroupSchool of Agriculture and Food SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - John Herbohn
- Tropical Forests and People Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQLDAustralia
- Tropical Forestry GroupSchool of Agriculture and Food SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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42
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Mirabel A, Hérault B, Marcon E. Diverging taxonomic and functional trajectories following disturbance in a Neotropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137397. [PMID: 32143035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current global change context, it is urgent to anticipate the fate of tropical forests. This means understanding tree community response to disturbance and the underlying processes. In that respect, we aim here to clarify taxonomic and functional post-disturbance trajectories, and determine the scope of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) that remains debated in tropical forests. We analyzed community trajectories following a disturbance gradient from 10 to 60% of above-ground biomass loss in a Neotropical forest over 30 years. We considered trajectories along time of community taxonomic and functional trajectories in terms of richness, evenness, composition, and redundancy. We based on the annual botanical inventories of 75 ha of a Neotropical forest and on large trait datasets comprising seven leaf, stem, and life-history traits. We identified a decoupling between taxonomic composition, differing among communities, and functional composition, similar among communities and convergent in the functional space. The taxonomic diversity followed humped-shaped trajectories along time after disturbance depending on the initial disturbance intensity, which validated the IDH (Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis). The functional diversity trajectories, however, were homogeneous among plots and dismissed the IDH. We explained this decoupling by the variations in community functional redundancy that mitigated the functional impact of disturbance. Although consistent, the recovery of community composition, diversity, and redundancy remained divergent from the initial state after 30 years. These results acknowledged the need of decades-long cycles without disturbance to ensure community complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirabel
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - B Hérault
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - E Marcon
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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43
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Gong H, Yao F, Gao J. Succession of a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest: Functional plant trait composition. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Dalmaso CA, Marques MCM, Higuchi P, Zwiener VP, Marques R. Spatial and temporal structure of diversity and demographic dynamics along a successional gradient of tropical forests in southern Brazil. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3164-3177. [PMID: 32273978 PMCID: PMC7141045 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the structure, diversity, and demographic dynamics of tree assemblages in tropical forests is especially important in order to evaluate local and regional successional trajectories.We conducted a long-term study to investigate how the structure, species richness, and diversity of secondary tropical forests change over time. Trees (DBH ≥ 5 cm) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil were sampled twice during a 10-year period (2007 and 2017) in six stands (1 ha each) that varied in age from their last disturbance (25, 60, 75, 90, and more than 100 years). We compared forest structure (abundance and basal area), species richness, alpha diversity, demographic rates (mortality, recruitment, and loss or gain in basal area), species composition, spatial beta diversity, and temporal beta diversity (based on turnover and nestedness indices) among stand ages and study years.Demographic rates recorded in a 10-year interval indicate a rapid and dynamic process of species substitution and structural changes. Structural recovery occurred faster than beta diversity and species composition recovery. The successional gradient showed a pattern of species trade-off over time, with less spatial dissimilarity and faster demographic rates in younger stands. As stands grow older, they show larger spatial turnover of species than younger stands, making them more stochastic in relation to species composition. Stands appear to split chronologically to some extent, but not across a straightforward linear axis, reflecting stochastic changes, providing evidence for the formation of a nonequilibrium community. Policy implications. These results reiterate the complexity and variability in forest succession and serve as a reference for the evaluation and monitoring of local management and conservation actions and for defining regional strategies that consider the diversity of local successional trajectories to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration measures in secondary forests of the Atlantic Forest biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilmar Antônio Dalmaso
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia FlorestalUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Marcia C. M. Marques
- Departamento de BotânicaSCBLaboratório de Ecologia VegetalUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- Departamento de Engenharia FlorestalUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências AgroveterináriasLagesBrazil
| | - Victor P. Zwiener
- Departamento de BiodiversidadeUniversidade Federal do ParanáPalotinaBrazil
| | - Renato Marques
- Departamento de Solos e Engenharia AgrícolaLaboratório de BiogeoquímicaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
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45
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46
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Differences in moisture pattern, hydrophysical and water repellency parameters of sandy soil under native and synanthropic vegetation. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Elias F, Ferreira J, Lennox GD, Berenguer E, Ferreira S, Schwartz G, Melo LDO, Reis Júnior DN, Nascimento RO, Ferreira FN, Espirito-Santo F, Smith CC, Barlow J. Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes. Ecology 2020; 101:e02954. [PMID: 31840235 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests hold 30% of Earth's terrestrial carbon and at least 60% of its terrestrial biodiversity, but forest loss and degradation are jeopardizing these ecosystems. Although the regrowth of secondary forests has the potential to offset some of the losses of carbon and biodiversity, it remains unclear if secondary regeneration will be affected by climate changes such as higher temperatures and more frequent extreme droughts. We used a data set of 10 repeated forest inventories spanning two decades (1999-2017) to investigate carbon and tree species recovery and how climate and landscape context influence carbon dynamics in an older secondary forest located in one of the oldest post-Columbian agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. Carbon accumulation averaged 1.08 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 , and species richness was effectively constant over the studied period. Moreover, we provide evidence that secondary forests are vulnerable to drought stress: Carbon balance and growth rates were lower in drier periods. This contrasts with drought responses in primary forests, where changes in carbon dynamics are driven by increased stem mortality. These results highlight an important climate change-vegetation feedback, whereby the increasing dry-season lengths being observed across parts of Amazonia may reduce the effectiveness of secondary forests in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change. In addition, the current rate of forest regrowth in this region was low compared with previous pan-tropical and Amazonian assessments-our secondary forests reached just 41.1% of the average carbon and 56% of the tree diversity in the nearest primary forests-suggesting that these areas are unlikely to return to their original levels on politically meaningful time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Elias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.,Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Gareth D Lennox
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | | | | | - Denilson N Reis Júnior
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Espirito-Santo
- Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, Leicester Institute of Space and Earth Observation, School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Charlotte C Smith
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.,Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
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48
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Chave J, Piponiot C, Maréchaux I, de Foresta H, Larpin D, Fischer FJ, Derroire G, Vincent G, Hérault B. Slow rate of secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Guianas compared with the rest of the Neotropics. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02004. [PMID: 31520573 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests are a prominent component of tropical landscapes, and they constitute a major atmospheric carbon sink. Rates of carbon accumulation are usually inferred from chronosequence studies, but direct estimates of carbon accumulation based on long-term monitoring of stands are rarely reported. Recent compilations on secondary forest carbon accumulation in the Neotropics are heavily biased geographically as they do not include estimates from the Guiana Shield. We analysed the temporal trajectory of aboveground carbon accumulation and floristic composition at one 25-ha secondary forest site in French Guiana. The site was clear-cut in 1976, abandoned thereafter, and one large plot (6.25 ha) has been monitored continuously since. We used Bayesian modeling to assimilate inventory data and simulate the long-term carbon accumulation trajectory. Canopy change was monitored using two aerial lidar surveys conducted in 2009 and 2017. We compared the dynamics of this site with that of a surrounding old-growth forest. Finally, we compared our results with that from secondary forests in Costa Rica, which is one of the rare long-term monitoring programs reaching a duration comparable to our study. Twenty years after abandonment, aboveground carbon stock was 64.2 (95% credibility interval 46.4, 89.0) Mg C/ha, and this stock increased to 101.3 (78.7, 128.5) Mg C/ha 20 yr later. The time to accumulate one-half of the mean aboveground carbon stored in the nearby old-growth forest (185.6 [155.9, 200.2] Mg C/ha) was estimated at 35.0 [20.9, 55.9] yr. During the first 40 yr, the contribution of the long-lived pioneer species Xylopia nitida, Goupia glabra, and Laetia procera to the aboveground carbon stock increased continuously. Secondary forest mean-canopy height measured by lidar increased by 1.14 m in 8 yr, a canopy-height increase consistent with an aboveground carbon accumulation of 7.1 Mg C/ha (or 0.89 Mg C·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) during this period. Long-term AGC accumulation rate in Costa Rica was almost twice as fast as at our site in French Guiana. This may reflect higher fertility of Central American forest communities or a better adaptation of the forest tree community to intense and frequent disturbances. This finding may have important consequences for scaling-up carbon uptake estimates to continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-IRD, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Camille Piponiot
- Cirad, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane' (AgroparisTech, CNRS, Inra, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), F-97379, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Maréchaux
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-IRD, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- AgroParisTech-ENGREF, 19 Avenue du Maine, F-75015, Paris, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Hubert de Foresta
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Larpin
- Direction Générale Déléguée aux Musées, Jardins et Zoos, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Jörg Fischer
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-IRD, Bâtiment 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane' (AgroparisTech, CNRS, Inra, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), F-97379, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Grégoire Vincent
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, Univ Montpellier, UR Forests & Societies, F-34000, Montpellier, France
- INPHB, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
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49
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Buma B, Bisbing SM, Wiles G, Bidlack AL. 100 yr of primary succession highlights stochasticity and competition driving community establishment and stability. Ecology 2019; 100:e02885. [PMID: 31498888 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study of community succession is one of the oldest pursuits in ecology. Challenges remain in terms of evaluating the predictability of succession and the reliability of the chronosequence methods typically used to study community development. The research of William S. Cooper in Glacier Bay National Park is an early and well-known example of successional ecology that provides a long-term observational data set to test hypotheses derived from space-for-time substitutions. It also provides a unique opportunity to explore the importance of historical contingencies and as an example of a revitalized historical study system. We test the textbook successional trajectory in Glacier Bay and evaluate long-term plant community development via primary succession through extensive fieldwork, remote sensing, dendrochronological methods, and newly discovered data that fills in data gaps (1940s to late 1980s) in continuous measurement over 100+ years. To date, Cooper's quadrats do not support the classic facilitation model of succession in which a sequence of species interacts to form predictable successional trajectories. Rather, stochastic early community assembly and subsequent inhibition have dominated; most species arrived shortly after deglaciation and have remained stable for 50+ years. Chronosequence studies assuming prior composition are thus questionable, as no predictable species sequence or timeline was observed. This underscores the significance of assumptions about early conditions in chronosequences and the need to defend such assumptions. Furthermore, this work brings a classic study system in ecology up to date via a plot size expansion, new baseline biogeochemical data, and spatial mapping for future researchers for its second century of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Buma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, 80217, USA
| | - S M Bisbing
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - G Wiles
- Department of Earth Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, USA
| | - A L Bidlack
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska, 99801, USA
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50
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Boege K, Villa‐Galaviz E, López‐Carretero A, Pérez‐Ishiwara R, Zaldivar‐Riverón A, Ibarra A, del‐Val E. Temporal variation in the influence of forest succession on caterpillar communities: A long‐term study in a tropical dry forest. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Boege
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Edith Villa‐Galaviz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
| | - Antonio López‐Carretero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
- Centro GEMA de Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Rubén Pérez‐Ishiwara
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Alejandro Zaldivar‐Riverón
- Colección Nacional de Insectos Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Adolfo Ibarra
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Ek del‐Val
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
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