1
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Snopok BA, Nizamov SN, Snopok TV, Mirsky VM. Agglomeration compaction promotes corrosion of gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3865-3877. [PMID: 39050952 PMCID: PMC11265584 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being used in various areas of human activity. However, the degradation mechanism of nanobodies in harsh environments is still a puzzle for theory and experiment. We report here the results of optical spectroscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis, quantifying agglomeration and sizing of 50 nm citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in HCl solutions containing H2O2. The mechanism of a consecutive corrosion reaction of GNPs is discussed within the framework of the near-field approach. We found that the disappearance of single nanoparticles from a suspension does not occur due to their dissolution per se, but is a consequence of the formation of aggregates. The neutralization of electrostatic shielding at high ionic strength allows gold nanoparticles to approach the subnanometer distance within the region of capping defects, at which the Casimir and van der Waals attractive forces dominate. It is suggested that electric field fluctuations in the confined space between highly conductive gold nanoparticles cause complexant-stimulated loss of metal from the core in the contact area. Going beyond the charge screening limitations by constraining the reaction space and reducing the double electrical layer thickness allows for chemical processes flow along otherwise not accessible reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borys A Snopok
- VE Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41 pr. Nauki Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Shavkat N Nizamov
- Nanobiotechnology - Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus-Senftenberg Universitätsplatz 1 Senftenberg 01968 Germany
| | - Tetiana V Snopok
- VE Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41 pr. Nauki Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Vladimir M Mirsky
- Nanobiotechnology - Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus-Senftenberg Universitätsplatz 1 Senftenberg 01968 Germany
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2
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Chai OJH, Xie J. Unraveling the Mechanism of the Brust-Schiffrin Formation of Au 25(SR) 18 through Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5137-5142. [PMID: 38709498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Brust-Schiffrin (BS) method for gold nanoparticle (Au NP) synthesis is celebrated for its ability to produce highly monodisperse NPs from toluene-water solutions, in contrast to aqueous methods, such as the Turkevich method. Despite the method's success, the actual formation mechanisms remain largely unknown due to difficulty in studying the intermediates with species-differentiating techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The issue lies in the use of solvents poorly compatible with these techniques and the difficulty in differentiating useful intermediate species from side products and impurities in such one-pot reactions. Herein, we use our recently formulated fully aqueous BS reaction to study the formation mechanisms. MS is chiefly employed to capture the intermediate species, and the Au25(SR)18 nanocluster is used as a thermodynamically reliable end-point. We find that the BS method may comprise a unilateral complex-shedding stage in addition to the known thiol-etching stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osburg Jin Huang Chai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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3
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Rashid U, Bro-Jørgensen W, Harilal KB, Sreelakshmi PA, Mondal RR, Chittari Pisharam V, Parida KN, Geetharani K, Hamill JM, Kaliginedi V. Chemistry of the Au-Thiol Interface through the Lens of Single-Molecule Flicker Noise Measurements. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9063-9073. [PMID: 38381861 PMCID: PMC10995995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemistry of the Au-S interface at the nanoscale is one of the most complex systems to study, as the nature and strength of the Au-S bond change under different experimental conditions. In this study, using mechanically controlled break junction technique, we probed the conductance and analyzed Flicker noise for several aliphatic and aromatic thiol derivatives and thioethers. We demonstrate that Flicker noise can be used to unambiguously differentiate between stronger chemisorption (Au-SR) and weaker physisorption (Au-SRR') type interactions. The Flicker noise measurements indicate that the gold rearrangement in chemisorbed Au-SR junctions resembles that of the Au rearrangement in pure Au-Au metal contact breaking, which is independent of the molecular backbone structure and the resulting conductance. In contrast, thioethers showed the formation of a weaker physisorbed Au-SRR' type bond, and the Flicker noise measurement indicates the changes in the Au-anchoring group interface but not the Au-Au rearrangement like that in the Au-SR case. Additionally, by employing single-molecular conductance and Flicker noise analysis, we have probed the interfacial electric field-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of cyclic thioether under mild environmental conditions, which otherwise requires harsh chemical conditions for cleavage of the C-S bond. All of our conductance measurements are complemented by NEGF transport calculations. This study illustrates that the single-molecule conductance, together with the Flicker noise measurements can be used to tune and monitor chemical reactions at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Rashid
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - William Bro-Jørgensen
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - KB Harilal
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - PA Sreelakshmi
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Reetu Rani Mondal
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Varun Chittari Pisharam
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Keshaba N. Parida
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - K. Geetharani
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Joseph M. Hamill
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Veerabhadrarao Kaliginedi
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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4
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Maghsoudian S, Motasadizadeh H, Farhadnejad H, Fatahi Y, Fathian Nasab MH, Mahdieh A, Nouri Z, Abdollahi A, Amini M, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Targeted pH- and redox-responsive AuS/micelles with low CMC for highly efficient sonodynamic therapy of metastatic breast cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213771. [PMID: 38271801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of injectable micellar carriers is hindered due to the disassembly of micelles into free surfactants in the body, resulting in their dilution below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Copolymer micelles were developed to address this issue, containing a superhydrophilic zwitterionic block and a superhydrophobic block with a disulfide bond, which exhibited a CMC lower than conventional micellar carriers. Cleavable copolymers composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) zwitterion and polycaprolactone CHLZW as the shell, with gold nanoparticles as their core, were studied to deliver doxorubicin to tumor cells while reducing the side effect of the free cytotoxic agent. The research focused on the impact of gold nanoparticles present in targeted TMT-micelles core on stability and in vivo bioavailability and sonotoxicity of the nanoparticles, as well as their synergistic effect on targeted chemotherapy. The nanomicelles prepared in this study demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and responsiveness to stimuli. PCL-SS-MPC nanomicelles displayed drug release in response to GSH and pH, resulting in high DOX release at GSH 10 mM and pH 5. Our findings, supported by MTT, flow cytometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, demonstrated that AuS-PM-TMTM-DOX micelles effectively induced apoptosis and enhanced cellular uptake in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of AuS-PM-DOX/US on cancer cells were approximately 38 % higher compared to AuS-PM-DOX samples at a concentration of IC50 0.68 nM. This increase in cellular toxicity was primarily attributed to the promotion of apoptosis. The introduction of disulfide linkages in AuSNPs resulted in increased ROS production when exposed to ultrasound stimulation, due to a reduction in GSH levels. Compared to other commercially available nanosensitizers such as titanium dioxide, exposure of AuS-PM to ultrasound radiation (1.0 W/cm, 2 min) significantly enhanced cavitation effects and resulted in 3 to 5 times higher ROS production. Furthermore, laboratory experiments using human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF7) demonstrated that the toxicity of AuS-PM in response to ultrasound waves is dose-dependent. The findings of this study suggest that this formulated nanocarrier holds great potential as a viable treatment option for breast cancer. It can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, reduce tumor size, and display notable therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Maghsoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Farhadnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Athar Mahdieh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alyeh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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5
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Lyu Y, Becerril LM, Vanzan M, Corni S, Cattelan M, Granozzi G, Frasconi M, Rajak P, Banerjee P, Ciancio R, Mancin F, Scrimin P. The Interaction of Amines with Gold Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211624. [PMID: 36952309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between amines and the surface of gold nanoparticles is important because of their role in the stabilization of the nanosystems, in the formation of the protein corona, and in the preparation of semisynthetic nanozymes. By using fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and molecular simulation, a detailed picture of these interactions is obtained. Herein, it is shown that amines interact with surface Au(0) atoms of the nanoparticles with their lone electron pair with a strength linearly correlating with their basicity corrected for steric hindrance. The kinetics of binding depends on the position of the gold atoms (flat surfaces or edges) while the mode of binding involves a single Au(0) with nitrogen sitting on top of it. A small fraction of surface Au(I) atoms, still present, is reduced by the amines yielding a much stronger Au(0)-RN.+ (RN. , after the loss of a proton) interaction. In this case, the mode of binding involves two Au(0) atoms with a bridging nitrogen placed between them. Stable Au nanoparticles, as those required for robust semisynthetic nanozymes preparation, are better obtained when the protein is involved (at least in part) in the reduction of the gold ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Lyu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Vanzan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Piu Rajak
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Via Beirut, 6, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Pritam Banerjee
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Via Beirut, 6, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Regina Ciancio
- CNR-IOM TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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6
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Li Y, Yang J, Chen X, Hu H, Lan N, Zhao J, Zheng L. Mitochondrial-targeting and NIR-responsive Mn 3O 4@PDA@Pd-SS31 nanozymes reduce oxidative stress and reverse mitochondrial dysfunction to alleviate osteoarthritis. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122449. [PMID: 38194734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a crucial role in the process of osteoarthritis (OA), which may be a promising target for therapy of OA. In this study, novel mitochondrial-targeting and SOD-mimic Mn3O4@PDA@Pd-SS31 nanozymes with near-infrared (NIR) responsiveness and synergistic cascade to scavenge mROS were designed for the therapy of OA. Results showed that the nanozymes accelerated the release of Pd and Mn3O4 under NIR irradiation, exhibiting enhanced activities of SOD and CAT mimic enzymes with reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted mitophagy to effectively scavenge mROS from chondrocytes, modulate the microenvironment of oxidative stress, and eventually inhibit the inflammatory response. Nanozymes were excreted in vivo through intestinal metabolic pathway and had good biocompatibility, effectively reducing the inflammatory response and relieving articular cartilage degeneration in OA joints, with a reduction of 93.7 % and 93.8 % in OARSCI scores for 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Thus, this study demonstrated that the mitochondria targeting and NIR responsive Mn3O4@PDA@Pd-SS31 nanozymes could efficiently scavenge mROS, repair damaged mitochondrial function and promote cartilage regeneration, which are promising for the treatment of OA in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Li
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Junxu Yang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441100, China
| | - Nihan Lan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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7
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Brasili F, Del Monte G, Capocefalo A, Chauveau E, Buratti E, Casciardi S, Truzzolillo D, Sennato S, Zaccarelli E. Toward a Unified Description of the Electrostatic Assembly of Microgels and Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58770-58783. [PMID: 38060242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of soft responsive particles, such as microgels, with nanoparticles (NPs) yields highly versatile complexes that show great potential for applications, ranging from plasmonic sensing to catalysis and drug delivery. However, the microgel-NP assembly process has not been investigated so far at the microscopic level, thus hindering the possibility of designing such hybrid systems a priori. In this work, we combine state-of-the-art numerical simulations with experiments to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms taking place when microgel-NP assembly is controlled by electrostatic interactions and the associated effects on the structure of the resulting complexes. We find a general behavior where, by increasing the number of interacting NPs, the microgel deswells up to a minimum size after which a plateau behavior occurs. This occurs either when NPs are mainly adsorbed to the microgel corona via the folding of the more external chains or when NPs penetrate inside the microgel, thereby inducing a collective reorganization of the polymer network. By varying microgel properties, such as fraction of cross-linkers or charge, as well as NP size and charge, we further show that the microgel deswelling curves can be rescaled onto a single master curve, for both experiments and simulations, demonstrating that the process is entirely controlled by the charge of the whole microgel-NP complex. Our results thus have a direct relevance in fundamental materials science and offer novel tools to tailor the nanofabrication of hybrid devices of technological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brasili
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Monte
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Capocefalo
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Edouard Chauveau
- UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Buratti
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Via di Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Simona Sennato
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Lo Faro MJ, Ielo I, Morganti D, Leonardi AA, Conoci S, Fazio B, De Luca G, Irrera A. Alkoxysilane-Mediated Decoration of Si Nanowires Vertical Arrays with Au Nanoparticles as Improved SERS-Active Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16685. [PMID: 38069007 PMCID: PMC10706837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for improved transducers to fabricate better-performing (bio)sensors is a challenging but rewarding endeavor aiming to better diagnose and treat diseases. In this paper, we report on the decoration of a dense vertical array of ultrathin silicon nanowires (Si NWs), produced by metal-assisted chemical etching, with 20 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. To optimize the production of a uniform 3D SERS active platform, we tested different Si NW surface functionalizations with various alkoxysilanes before Au decoration. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirm that Au NPs decorate both bare and (3-glycidiloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)-modified Si NWs with a high surface coverage uniformity. The SERS response of the decorated NWs was probed using a model dye system (methylene blue; MB) at 633 and 785 nm excitation wavelengths. The GPTMS-modified NWs present the highest enhancements of 2.9 and 2.6 for the 450 cm-1 and 1625 cm-1 peaks under 785 nm excitation and of 10.8 and 5.3 for the 450 cm-1 and 1625 cm-1 peaks under 633 nm excitation. These results demonstrate the perspective role of Si NWs decorated with Au NPs as a low-cost 3D SERS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Josè Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM Catania Università, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Ileana Ielo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (D.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Dario Morganti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (D.M.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Sabrina Conoci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (D.M.); (S.C.)
- URT LAB SENS CNR and Beyond Nano, CNR, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.L.); (B.F.)
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- URT LAB SENS CNR and Beyond Nano, CNR, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (D.M.); (S.C.)
- URT LAB SENS CNR and Beyond Nano, CNR, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Alessia Irrera
- URT LAB SENS CNR and Beyond Nano, CNR, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.L.); (B.F.)
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9
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Dell'Aglio M, Mallardi A, Gaudiuso R, Giacomo AD. Plasma Parameters During Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NELIBS) in the Presence of Nanoparticle-Protein Conjugates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1253-1263. [PMID: 37700694 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS) is an optical emission technique based on the laser-induced plasma (LIP) on a sample after the deposition of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) on its surface. The employment of the NPs allows an enhancement of the signal with respect to the one obtained with the conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) enabling an extremely high sensitivity and very low limits of detection compared with the LIBS performance. Recently, NELIBS was used for monitoring the NP protein corona formation. As a matter of fact, the NPs in the presence of proteins adsorbed on the surface change their surface properties, therefore the sensing of protein corona formation was possible because of the strong dependence of NELIBS effects on the NP organization on the substrate, which in turn is deeply affected by the surface properties of the NPs. A correlation was found between NELIBS enhancement and the structure of the NP-protein conjugate in terms of protein content absorbed on the NP surface. An interesting question that was not yet exploited regards the role of LIP during the NELIBS when the NPs are covered with proteins. Since the presence of organic matter can strongly quench the LIP emission, the study of the LIP properties during protein corona sensing by NELIBS is of interest for two main reasons: (i) to understand whether the plasma parameters can vary in the presence of proteins adsorbed on the NP surface and (ii) to investigate how and if the plasma parameters themselves can influence the NELIBS processes. With this aim, the study of plasma parameters, i.e., electron densities and temperatures, during the sensing of NP protein corona by NELIBS is presented and discussed. The NPs used during these experiments were ultrapure gold NPs (AuNPs) produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid, which are stable without any stabilizer. The human serum albumin protein is used to form AuNP-protein conjugates further deposited on a titanium target in NELIBS measurements. Dynamic light scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and laser Doppler electrophoresis for ζ-potential determination were employed to monitor the protein coverage of NP surface in the conjugate solutions before the NELIBS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Dell'Aglio
- CNR-IFN, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, C/o University of Bari, Physics Department, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Mallardi
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Bari, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes, C/o University of Bari, Chemistry Department, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gaudiuso
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Giacomo
- CNR-IFN, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, C/o University of Bari, Physics Department, Bari, Italy
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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10
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Kim K, Kim T, Song G, Lee S, Jung MS, Ha S, Ha AR, Lee KT. Trimethylsilyl Compounds for the Interfacial Stabilization of Thiophosphate-Based Solid Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303308. [PMID: 37867236 PMCID: PMC10667807 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Argyrodite-type Li6 PS5 Cl (LPSCl) has attracted much attention as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) because of its high ionic conductivity and good mechanical flexibility. LPSCl, however, has challenges of translating research into practical applications, such as irreversible electrochemical degradation at the interface between LPSCl and cathode materials. Even for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), liquid electrolytes have the same issue as electrolyte decomposition due to interfacial instability. Nonetheless, current LIBs are successfully commercialized because functional electrolyte additives give rise to the formation of stable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, leading to supplementing the interfacial stability between electrolyte and electrode. Herein, inspired by the role of electrolyte additives for LIBs, trimethylsilyl compounds are introduced as solid electrolyte additives for improving the interfacial stability between sulfide-based solid electrolytes and cathode materials. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanethiol (TMS-SH), a solid electrolyte additive, is oxidatively decomposed during charge, forming a stable CEI layer. As a result, the CEI layer derived from TMS-SH suppresses the interfacial degradation between LPSCl and LiCoO2 , thereby leading to the excellent electrochemical performance of Li | LPSCl | LiCoO2 , such as superior cycle life over 2000 cycles (85.0% of capacity retention after 2000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Song
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Ha
- Advanced Battery Development Team 1Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐ro, Uiwang‐SiGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - A. Reum Ha
- Advanced Battery Development Team 1Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐ro, Uiwang‐SiGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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11
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Chen A, Dissanayake TU, Sun J, Woehl TJ. Unraveling chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis with liquid phase electron microscopy and correlative techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12830-12846. [PMID: 37807847 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) has enabled unprecedented direct real time imaging of physicochemical processes during solution phase synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. LPTEM primarily provides images of nanometer scale, and sometimes atomic scale, metal nanoparticle crystallization processes, but provides little chemical information about organic surface ligands, metal-ligand complexes and reaction intermediates, and redox reactions. Likewise, complex electron beam-solvent interactions during LPTEM make it challenging to pinpoint the chemical processes, some involving exotic highly reactive radicals, impacting nanoparticle formation. Pairing LPTEM with correlative solution synthesis, ex situ chemical analysis, and theoretical modeling represents a powerful approach to gain a holistic understanding of the chemical processes involved in nanoparticle synthesis. In this feature article, we review recent work by our lab and others that has focused on elucidating chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis using LPTEM and correlative chemical characterization and modeling, including mass and optical spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, solution chemistry, and reaction kinetic modeling. In particular, we show how these approaches enable investigating redox chemistry during LPTEM, polymeric and organic capping ligands, metal deposition mechanisms on plasmonic nanoparticles, metal clusters and complexes, and multimetallic nanoparticle formation. Future avenues of research are discussed, including moving beyond electron beam induced nanoparticle formation by using light and thermal stimuli during LPTEM. We discuss prospects for real time LPTEM imaging and online chemical analysis of reaction intermediates using microfluidic flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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12
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Loukanov A, Arahangelova V, Emin S, Filipov C. Engineering of functional nanosnowflakes from gold nanocarriers capped with amino-modified DNA oligonucleotides. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1169-1176. [PMID: 37477062 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The design, engineering and electron microscopic characterization of anisotropic nanosized snowflake-like structural assemblies (nanosnowflakes) is reported. They were fabricated through immobilization of double stranded amine-modified and thiol-terminated DNA oligonucleotides on the surface of ultra-small isotropic gold nanoparticles used as nanocarriers. The transmission electron microscopy images combined with spectrophotometric data revealed the formation of self-assembled structural aggregation between individual ligands-coated nanoparticles. They act as seeds for the further spontaneous dendritic growth in different directions. Their anisotropic morphology is formed due to the occurrence of facilitated electrostatic interactions between positive charged amino-groups and the negative sugar-phosphate backbone of oligonucleotides. Thus, nanosnowflakes with size distribution between 40 and 80 nm were obtained. The microscopic analysis demonstrated also that the stable nanosnowflakes structure was highly dependent on the solution ionic strength, which effect the charge fluctuation within the assembly. The reported DNA functionalized nanostructures have potential to be applied as a platform for development of therapeutic materials, as well as drug delivery nanosystems. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The engineering, fabrication, and microscopic characterization of DNA nanosnowflakes is reported. The electron microscopy analysis revealed formation of self-assemblies with anisotropic morphology. The nanosnowflakes size distribution was between 40 and 80 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Loukanov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Maebashi-shi, Japan
- Laboratory of Engineering NanoBiotechnology, University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Arahangelova
- Laboratory of Engineering NanoBiotechnology, University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Saim Emin
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Chavdar Filipov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Ma Y, Wu Z, Steinmetz NF. In Vitro and Ex Planta Gold-Bonded and Gold-Mineralized Tobacco Mosaic Virus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11238-11244. [PMID: 37540623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotemplated mineralization is a promising and ecofriendly approach to manufacture metal nanoparticles and composites with precise size control. Plant viruses are suitable templates for biomineralization because they are chemically robust and highly scalable through molecular farming. Here, we report a gold-nanoparticle-coated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) synthesized in a test tube or in plant extracts making use of a TMV displaying a gold-binding peptide (GBP). The methods developed are a step toward engineered living materials, where gold nanowires could be formed in plant tissues for sensing or energy harvest applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ma
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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14
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Kim Y, Ji S, Nam JM. A Chemist's View on Electronic and Steric Effects of Surface Ligands on Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2139-2150. [PMID: 37522593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPlasmonic metal nanostructures have been extensively developed over the past few decades because of their ability to confine light within the surfaces and manipulate strong light-matter interactions. The light energy stored by plasmonic nanomaterials in the form of surface plasmons can be utilized to initiate chemical reactions, so-called plasmon-induced catalysis, which stresses the importance of understanding the surface chemistry of the plasmonic materials. Nevertheless, only physical interpretation of plasmonic behaviors has been a dominant theme, largely excluding chemical intuitions that facilitate understanding of plasmonic systems from molecular perspectives. To overcome and address the lack of this complementary understanding based on molecular viewpoints, in this Account we provide a new concept encompassing the well-developed physics of plasmonics and the corresponding surface chemistry while reviewing and discussing related references. Inspired by Roald Hoffmann's descriptions of solid-state surfaces based on the molecular orbital picture, we treat molecular interfaces of plasmonic metal nanostructures as a series of metal-ligand complexes. Accordingly, the effects of the surface ligands can be described by bisecting them into electronic and steric contributions to the systems. By exploration of the quality of orbital overlaps and the symmetry of the plasmonic systems, electronic effects of surface ligands on localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), surface diffusion rates, and hot-carrier transfer mechanisms are investigated. Specifically, the propensity of ligands to donate electrons in a σ-bonding manner can change the LSPR by shifting the density of states near the Fermi level, whereas other types of ligands donating or accepting electrons in a π-bonding manner modulate surface diffusion rates by affecting the metal-metal bond strength. In addition, the formation of metal-ligand bonds facilitates direct hot-carrier transfer by forming a sort of molecular orbital between a plasmonic structure and ligands. Furthermore, effects of steric environments are discussed in terms of ligand-ligand and ligand-surface nonbonding interactions. The steric hindrance allows for controlling the accessibility of the surrounding chemical species toward the metal surface by modulating the packing density of ligands and generating repulsive interactions with the surface atoms. This unconventional approach of considering the plasmonic system as a delocalized molecular entity could establish a basis for integrating chemical intuition with physical phenomena. Our chemist's outlook on a molecular interface of the plasmonic surface can provide insights and avenues for the design and development of more exquisite plasmonic catalysts with regio- and enantioselectivities as well as advanced sensors with unprecedented chemical controllability and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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15
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Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Summers PK, Angeloski A, Wuhrer R, Cortie MB, McDonagh AM. The fate of organic species upon sintering of thiol-stabilised gold nanoparticles under different atmospheric conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7170-7175. [PMID: 36810448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the sintering behavior of gold nanoparticles is important for applications such as printed electronics, catalysis and sensing that utilise these materials. Here we examine the processes by which thiol-protected gold nanoparticles thermally sinter under a variety of atmospheres. We find that upon sintering, the surface-bound thiyl ligands exclusively form the corresponding disulfide species when released from the gold surface. Experiments conducted using air, hydrogen, nitrogen, or argon atmospheres revealed no significant differences between the temperatures of the sintering event nor on the composition of released organic species. When conducted under high vacuum, the sintering event occurred at lower temperatures compared to ambient pressures in cases where the resulting disulfide had relatively high volatility (dibutyl disulfide). Hexadecylthiol-stabilized particles exhibited no significant differences in the temperatures of the sintering event under ambient pressures compared to high vacuum conditions. We attribute this to the relatively low volatility of the resultant dihexadecyl disulfide product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Summers
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Alexander Angeloski
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility (AMCF), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Michael B Cortie
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew M McDonagh
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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17
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Bhattacharjee K, Prasad BLV. Surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with ligands: a necessary step for their utility. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2573-2595. [PMID: 36970981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The importance of protecting inorganic nanoparticles with organic ligands and thus imparting the needed stabilization as colloidal dispersions for their potential applications is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bhattacharjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Bhagavatula L V Prasad
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Center for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
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18
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Zanetti-Polzi L, Charchar P, Yarovsky I, Corni S. Origins of the pH-Responsive Photoluminescence of Peptide-Functionalized Au Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20129-20140. [PMID: 36300936 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall peptide-protected gold nanoclusters are a promising class of bioresponsive material exhibiting pH-sensitive photoluminescence. We present a theoretical insight into the effect peptide-ligand environment has on pH-responsive fluorescence, with the aim of enhancing the rational design of gold nanoclusters for bioapplications. Employing a hybrid quantum/classical computational methodology, we systematically calculate deprotonation free energies of N-terminal cysteine amine groups in proximity to the inherently fluorescent core of Au25(Peptide)18 nanoclusters. We find that subtle changes in hexapeptide sequence alter the electrostatic environment and significantly shift the conventional N-terminal amine pKa expected for amino acids free-in-solution. Our findings provide an insight into how the deprotonation equilibrium of N-terminal amine and side chain carboxyl groups cooperatively respond to solution pH changes, explaining the experimentally observed, yet elusive, pH-responsive fluorescence of peptide-functionalized Au25 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanetti-Polzi
- Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125Modena, Italy
| | | | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria3001, Australia
| | - Stefano Corni
- Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
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19
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Shen J, Liu G, Zhang W, Shi W, Zhou Y, Yu Z, Mei Q, Zhang L, Huang W. Design and Detection of Cyanide Raman Tag pH-Responsive SERS Probes. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:21. [PMID: 36671856 PMCID: PMC9855686 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important parameters of biochemical analysis and detection, the pH value plays a very important role in cell function, food preservation and production, soil and water sources, and other applications. This makes it increasingly important to explore pH detection methods in depth. In this paper, a pH-responsive SERS probe based on the cyano Raman Tag was designed to realize pH sensing detection through the influence of the pH value of analytes on the displacement of the cyano Raman peak in the SERS probe. This cyano Raman tag exhibited not only excellent sensitivity in the liner range of pH 3.0-9.0 with a limit of detection (LOD) of pH 0.33, but also the anti-interference performance and stability (the relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated to be 6.68%, n = 5). These results indicated that this pH SERS probe with the Raman cyano tag can provide new research ideas for future biological detection, bioimaging, and environmental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zejie Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qunbo Mei
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
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20
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Nqayi S, Gulumian M, Cronjé S, Harris RA. Computational study of the effect of size and surface functionalization on Au nanoparticles on their stability to study biological descriptors. J Mol Model 2022; 28:376. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Wang Z, Palma JL, Wang H, Liu J, Zhou G, Ajayakumar MR, Feng X, Wang W, Ulstrup J, Kornyshev AA, Li Y, Tao N. Electrochemically controlled rectification in symmetric single-molecule junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122183119. [PMID: 36136968 PMCID: PMC9522371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122183119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule electrochemical science has advanced over the past decades and now extends well beyond molecular imaging, to molecular electronics functions such as rectification and amplification. Rectification is conceptually the simplest but has involved mostly challenging chemical synthesis of asymmetric molecular structures or asymmetric materials and geometry of the two enclosing electrodes. Here we propose an experimental and theoretical strategy for building and tuning in situ (in operando) rectification in two symmetric molecular structures in electrochemical environment. The molecules were designed to conduct electronically via either their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO; electron transfer) or highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO; "hole transfer"). We used a bipotentiostat to control separately the electrochemical potential of the tip and substrate electrodes of an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC-STM), which leads to independent energy alignment of the STM tip, the molecule, and the STM substrate. By creating an asymmetric energy alignment, we observed single-molecule rectification of each molecule within a voltage range of ±0.5 V. By varying both the dominating charge transporting LUMO or HOMO energy and the electrolyte concentration, we achieved tuning of the polarity as well as the amplitude of the rectification. We have extended an earlier proposed theory that predicts electrolyte-controlled rectification to rationalize all the observed in situ rectification features and found excellent agreement between theory and experiments. Our study thus offers a way toward building controllable single-molecule rectifying devices without involving asymmetric molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- aState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. or or or
| | - Julio L. Palma
- bDepartment of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, The Eberly Campus, Lemont Furnace, PA 15456
| | - Hui Wang
- aState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- cDepartment of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- dLaboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - M. R. Ajayakumar
- eCentre for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- eCentre for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- aState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- fDepartment of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. or or or
| | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- gDepartment of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. or or or
| | - Yueqi Li
- hCenter for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. or or or
| | - Nongjian Tao
- aState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- iCenter for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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22
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Wang X, Lu D, Liu Y, Wang W, Ren R, Li M, Liu D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pang G. Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategies and Their Use in Olfactory and Taste Evaluation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080566. [PMID: 35892464 PMCID: PMC9394270 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful analytical tools used to identify and detect target molecules. Electrochemical biosensors, which combine biosensing with electrochemical analysis techniques, are efficient analytical instruments that translate concentration signals into electrical signals, enabling the quantitative and qualitative analysis of target molecules. Electrochemical biosensors have been widely used in various fields of detection and analysis due to their high sensitivity, superior selectivity, quick reaction time, and inexpensive cost. However, the signal changes caused by interactions between a biological probe and a target molecule are very weak and difficult to capture directly by using detection instruments. Therefore, various signal amplification strategies have been proposed and developed to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of detection systems. This review serves as a reference for biosensor and detector research, as it introduces the research progress of electrochemical signal amplification strategies in olfactory and taste evaluation. It also discusses the latest signal amplification strategies currently being employed in electrochemical biosensors for nanomaterial development, enzyme labeling, and nucleic acid amplification techniques, and highlights the most recent work in using cell tissues as biosensitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dingqiang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Ruijuan Ren
- Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Danyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guangchang Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology & Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (G.P.)
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23
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Pensa E, Azofra LM, Salvarezza RC, Carro P. Effect of Ligands on the Stability of Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6475-6480. [PMID: 35816759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are atomic architectures that can be precisely tailored for catalytic applications. In this work, we studied two benchmark AuNCs, Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60, covered by aromatic and aliphatic ligands to envision how the 3D structure of the ligand impacts the stability of the nanomaterial. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the alkanethiol length has a poor or null effect on the stability of the AuNCs, a trend opposite to that on Au(111) surfaces. When considering the aromatic or aliphatic nature, the AuNC stability follows the same trend as on Au(111): the thermodynamical stability is dictated by the ligand density rather than its chemical nature, where the aliphatic ligand imparts more stability than the aromatic one. Our findings provide a tool to predict how an ultrasmall gold core can interact with the environment, substrate, and themselves according to the stability of its protecting ligand shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Pensa
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Roberto C Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pilar Carro
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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24
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Quintana C, Ahumada JC, Ahumada G, Sobolev Y, Kim M, Allamyradov A, Grzybowski BA. Proving Cooperativity of a Catalytic Reaction by Means of Nanoscale Geometry: The Case of Click Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11238-11245. [PMID: 35713884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Establishing whether a reaction is catalyzed by a single-metal catalytic center or cooperatively by a fleeting complex encompassing two such centers may be an arduous pursuit requiring detailed kinetic, isotopic, and other types of studies─as illustrated, for instance, by over a decade-long work on single-copper versus di-copper mechanisms of the popular "click" reaction. This paper describes a method to interrogate such cooperative mechanisms by a nanoparticle-based platform in which the probabilities of catalytic units being proximal can be varied systematically and, more importantly, independently of their volume concentration. The method relies on geometrical considerations rather than a detailed knowledge of kinetic equations, yet the scaling trends it yield can distinguish between cooperative and non-cooperative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Quintana
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan C Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaroslav Sobolev
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Atabay Allamyradov
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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25
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Recent developments in computational and experimental studies of physicochemical properties of Au and Ag nanostructures on cellular uptake and nanostructure toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Eddaif L, Felhősi I, Shaban A. In-situ electrochemical and piezogravimetric studies on the application of macrocyclic resorcinarene tetramer in the development of chemically-modified heavy metals ions detection platform in aqueous media. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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27
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Size and surface coverage density are major factors in determining thiol modified gold nanoparticles characteristics. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Shao F, Zheng L, Lan J, Zenobi R. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Coadsorbed Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1645-1653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Podder C, Gong X, Pan H. Ultrafast, Non-Equilibrium and Transient Heating and Sintering of Nanocrystals for Nanoscale Metal Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103436. [PMID: 34617399 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carrier excitation, relaxation, energy transport, and conversion processes during light-nanocrystal (NC) interactions have been intensively investigated for applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and photovoltaics. However, there are limited studies on the non-equilibrium heating under relatively high laser excitation that leads to NCs sintering. Here, the authors use femtosecond laser two-pulse correlation and in-situ optical transmission probing to investigate the non-equilibrium heating of NCs and transient sintering dynamics. First, a two-pulse correlation study reveals that the sintering rate strongly increases when the two heating laser pulses are temporally separated by <10 ps. Second, the sintering rate is found to increase nonlinearly with laser fluence when heating with ≈700 fs laser pulses. By three-temperature modeling, the NC sintering mechanism mediated by electron induced ligand transformation is suggested. The ultrafast and non-equilibrium process facilitates sintering in dry (spin-coated) and wet (solvent suspended) environments. The nonlinear dependence of sintering rate on laser fluence is exploited to print sub-diffraction-limited features in NC suspension. The smallest feature printed is ≈200 nm, which is ≈¼ of the laser wavelength. These findings provide a new perspective toward nanomanufacturing development based on probing and engineering ultrafast transport phenomena in functional NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Podder
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiangtao Gong
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Heng Pan
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA
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30
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Sato CM, Walde RK, Bacsa J, Jordan AJ, Sadighi JP. Ligand-based control of nuclearity in (NHC)gold(I) sulfides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15721-15729. [PMID: 34697620 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands support gold(I) sulfide complexes of varying nuclearity and charge. For sterically undemanding ligands, gold(I) chlorides react with sulfide to form trigold μ3-sulfido cations as the first observed products. The ligand IMes [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] supports a monomeric cation, whereas the ICy-(1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene-) supported cation crystallises as a dimer linked through an aurophilic interaction. The more sterically demanding IDipp [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] supports a terminal hydrosulfide, a (μ-hydrosulfido)digold cation, and a μ3-sulfido cation. Use of the expanded-ring NHC 7Dipp [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ylidene] allows the isolation of a neutral digold sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sato
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - Rebecca K Walde
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332. .,X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Abraham J Jordan
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - Joseph P Sadighi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
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31
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Engelbrekt C, Nazmutdinov RR, Shermukhamedov S, Ulstrup J, Zinkicheva TT, Xiao X. Complex single‐molecule and molecular scale entities in electrochemical environments: Mechanisms and challenges. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Renat R. Nazmutdinov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Shokirbek Shermukhamedov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tamara T. Zinkicheva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Str. 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, DK0‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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32
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Song Q, Sun H, Zhang L, Xu Z. Renewable redox couple system for sustainable precious metal recycling from e-waste via halide-regulated potential inversion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126568. [PMID: 34252663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precious metal (PM) retrievement from e-waste is of great significance for reducing virgin mining activity and promoting rare resource sustainability. However, current PM recycling methods rely mainly on caustic aqua regia or unstable sulfur-based ligand, which has caused severe environmental damage and process inefficiency. Here, we propose an environmentally friendly halide-regulated strategy, utilizing milder and renewable oxidant-cupric/ferric ion for facile PM dissolution. This is realized by the synergistic effect of enhanced oxidizing ability of Cu(II) and reduced oxidation potential of PM with halide addition. Electrochemical tests and leaching experiment results show that Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential experiences great change with bromide, increasing from 0.4 to 0.75 V. Fast corrosion feature was observed for Au in Cu(II)/Fe(III)-Br- and Pd in Cu(II)/Fe(III)-Cl-, and it can be accelerated by increasing oxidant and halide concentration. Our proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods with stable and fast dissolution, where 2.5 mol/L Br- is appropriate for Au dissolution. Moreover, selective dissolution of base metal, Pd/Ag, and Au can be achieved via ligand alteration and be further combined with electrodeposition technique for multi metal recovery and oxidant regeneration. This halide-regulated strategy can lead PM recycling from pollutive status towards environmentally friendly road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghuai Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Yan X, Ma S, Tang J, Tanner D, Ulstrup J, Xiao X, Zhang J. Direct electron transfer of fructose dehydrogenase immobilized on thiol-gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Wang E, Gao Y. Elucidating the stabilities and properties of the thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters with detaching the staple motifs. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044302. [PMID: 34340381 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been widely studied in areas of catalysis, biosensors, and bioengineering. In real applications, e.g., catalytic reactions, the thiolate groups are normally partially detached. However, which of the thiolate groups are easily detached and how the detachment of the ligands affects the geometries and electronic structures of the Au nanoclusters have been rarely studied. In this work, we employed the density functional theory calculations as well as the molecular orbital analysis to explore the detachment effect of the ligands using nine thiolate-protected AuNCs as examples. Our results showed that there existed a nearly linear relationship between the averaged detachment energies and the numbers of Au atoms in the motifs. Detaching longer motifs normally required more energies owing to the stronger aurophilic effects. For detaching a full motif, based on the structure decomposition via the grand unified model, analysis on the inner Au core indicated that the change in Au-Au bond length was more sensitive for the inter-block compared to the intra-block. The detachment of the -SH fragment generally needs less energy and brings less structural deformations when compared to the removal of a full motif. Molecular orbital analysis showed that the relative energies of the HOMO orbitals were elevated, which led to the narrow down of the HOMO-LUMO gap. This work provides a primary description of the correlation of the ligands' detachment with the relative stabilities and structures of the AuNCs, which would be beneficial for establishing the structure-property relationship of AuNCs in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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35
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Chatterjee T, Das G, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti P. Effect of gold nanoparticles on the structure and neuroprotective function of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT). Sci Rep 2021; 11:14296. [PMID: 34253804 PMCID: PMC8275801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillation of peptides and proteins is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases and is a global concern. Aging leads to the formation of abnormal isoaspartate (isoAsp) residues from isomerization of normal aspartates in proteins, triggering fibril formation that leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is a repair enzyme which recognizes and converts altered isoAsp residues back to normal aspartate. Here we report the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different sizes on the structure and function of PIMT. Spherical AuNPs, viz. AuNS5, AuNS50 and AuNS100 (the number indicating the diameter in nm) stabilize PIMT, with AuNS100 exhibiting the best efficacy, as evident from various biophysical experiments. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed endothermic, but entropy driven mode of binding of PIMT with all the three AuNSs. Methyltransferase activity assay showed enhanced activity of PIMT in presence of all AuNSs, the maximum being with AuNS100. The efficacy of PIMT in presence of AuNS100 was further demonstrated by the reduction of fibrillation of Aβ42, the peptide that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The enhancement of anti-fibrillation activity of PIMT with AuNS100 was confirmed from cell survival assay with PC12 derived neuronal cells against Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Chatterjee
- grid.418423.80000 0004 1768 2239Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Gaurav Das
- grid.417635.20000 0001 2216 5074Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India ,grid.417635.20000 0001 2216 5074Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- grid.417635.20000 0001 2216 5074Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India ,grid.417635.20000 0001 2216 5074Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India ,grid.462385.e0000 0004 1775 4538Present Address: Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037 India
| | - Pinak Chakrabarti
- grid.418423.80000 0004 1768 2239Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054 India
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36
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Wang E, Xu WW, Zhu B, Gao Y. Understanding the Chemical Insights of Staple Motifs of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2001836. [PMID: 32761984 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the fundamental understanding of the basic structures of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters is essential to their bottom-up synthesis as well as their further application explorations. The thiolate ligands that cover the central metal core in staple motifs are vital for the stability of the gold clusters. However, the knowledge about the geometrical and bonding characters of the thiolate ligands has not been fully uncovered yet. In this work, density functional theory calculations and molecular orbital analysis are applied to show that the Au atoms in the thiolate ligands are hypervalent. The chemical insights of the linear SAuS configuration as well as the lengthened AuS bond by combining the 3-center 4-electron (3c-4e) model and the well-recognized valence shell electron pair repulsion theory are revealed. Valence bond formulations of the motifs are given to provide more chemical insights, for example, the resonant structures, to show how the thiolate motif forms one covalent bond and one dative covalent bond with the Au core. This work provides a thorough understanding of the structure and bonding pattern of thiolate ligands of Au nanoclusters, which is important for the rational design of ligands-protected Au nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Wang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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Borah R, Ninakanti R, Nuyts G, Peeters H, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Nuti S, Vande Velde C, De Wael K, Lenaerts S, Bals S, Verbruggen SW. Selectivity in the Ligand Functionalization of Photocatalytic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Phase Transfer and Self-Assembly Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:9011-9021. [PMID: 33880788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of TiO2 , ZnO, WO3 and CuO with amine-terminated (oleylamine) and thiol-terminated (dodecane-1-thiol) alkyl-chain ligands was studied under ambient conditions. A high selectivity was observed in the binding specificity of a ligand towards nanoparticles of these different oxides. It was observed that oleylamine binds stably to only TiO2 and WO3 , whereas dodecane-1-thiol binds stably only to ZnO and CuO. Similarly, polar-to-nonpolar solvent phase transfer of TiO2 and WO3 nanoparticles could be achieved by using oleylamine, but not dodecane-1-thiol, whereas the opposite holds for ZnO and CuO. The surface chemistry of ligand-functionalized nanoparticles was probed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy, which enabled the occupation of the ligands at the active sites to be elucidated. The photostability of the ligands on the nanoparticle surface was determined by the photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of the material. Although TiO2 and WO3 degrade the ligands within 24 h under both UV and visible light, ligands on ZnO and CuO remain unaffected. The gathered insights are also highly relevant from an application point of view. As an example, because the ligand-functionalized nanoparticles are hydrophobic in nature, they can be self-assembled at the air-water interface to give nanoparticle films with demonstrated photocatalytic as well as anti-fogging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Borah
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rajeshreddy Ninakanti
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Peeters
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Nuti
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vande Velde
- Intelligence in Processes, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation (AXES), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silvia Lenaerts
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Material Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sammy W Verbruggen
- Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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38
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Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay S, Dey A. Kinetic Isotope Effects on Electron Transfer Across Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:597-605. [PMID: 33411526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions requiring controlled delivery of protons and electrons are important in storage of energy in small molecules. While control over proton transfer can be achieved by installing appropriate chemical functionality in the catalyst, control of electron-transfer (ET) rates can be achieved by utilizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on electrodes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the ET through SAM to an immobilized or covalently attached redox-active species is desirable. Long-range ET across several SAM-covered Au electrodes to covalently attached ferrocene is investigated using protonated and deuterated thiols (R-SH/R-SD). The rate of tunneling is measured using both chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry, and it shows a prominent kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The KIE is ∼2 (normal) for medium-chain-length thiols but ∼0.47 (inverse) for long-chain thiols. These results imply substantial contribution from the classical modes at the Au-(H)SR interface, which shifts substantially upon deuteration of the thiols, to the ET process. The underlying H/D KIE of these exchangeable thiol protons should be considered when analyzing solvent isotope effects in catalysis utilizing SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
| | - Sabyasachi Bandyopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
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39
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Yan J, Frøkjær EE, Engelbrekt C, Leimkühler S, Ulstrup J, Wollenberger U, Xiao X, Zhang J. Voltammetry and Single‐Molecule In Situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy of the Redox Metalloenzyme Human Sulfite Oxidase. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yan
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- State key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P.R. China
| | - Emil Egede Frøkjær
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology University of Potsdam 14476 PotsdamPotsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Department of Molecular Enzymology University of Potsdam 14476 PotsdamPotsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Building 207, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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40
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Ahmad SN, Zaharim WN, Sulaiman S, Hasan Baseri DF, Mohd Rosli NA, Ang LS, Yahaya NZ, Watanabe I. Density Functional Theory Studies of the Electronic Structure and Muon Hyperfine Interaction in [Au 25(SR) 18] 0 and [Au 25(SeR) 18] 0 Nanoclusters. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33253-33261. [PMID: 33403287 PMCID: PMC7774246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory computational investigation was performed to study the electronic structures, muon sites, and the associated hyperfine interactions in [Au25(SR)18]0 and [Au25(SeR)18]0 where R is phenylethane. The calculated electronic structures show inhomogeneous spin density distribution and are also affected by different ligands. The two most stable muon sites near Au atoms in the thiolated system are MAu11 and MAu6. When the thiolate ligands were replaced by selenolate ligands, the lowest energy positions of muons moved to MAu6 and MAu5. Muons prefer to stop inside the Au12 icosahedral shell, away from the central Au and the staple motifs region. Muonium states at phenyl ring and S/Se atoms in the ligand were found to be stable and the Fermi contact fields are much larger as compared to the field experienced by muons near Au atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N. Ahmad
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Wan N. Zaharim
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN
Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advance Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau
Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Shukri Sulaiman
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN
Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advance Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau
Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Physics
Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Dang F. Hasan Baseri
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nur A. Mohd Rosli
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lee S. Ang
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Perlis Branch,
Arau Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Z. Yahaya
- Physics
Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Meson
Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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41
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Koyappayil A, Lee MH. Ultrasensitive Materials for Electrochemical Biosensor Labels. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010089. [PMID: 33375629 PMCID: PMC7796367 DOI: 10.3390/s21010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the fabrication of the first electrochemical biosensor by Leland C. Clark in 1956, various labeled and label-free sensors have been reported for the detection of biomolecules. Labels such as nanoparticles, enzymes, Quantum dots, redox-active molecules, low dimensional carbon materials, etc. have been employed for the detection of biomolecules. Because of the absence of cross-reaction and highly selective detection, labeled biosensors are advantageous and preferred over label-free biosensors. The biosensors with labels depend mainly on optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical principles. Labels combined with electrochemical techniques resulted in the selective and sensitive determination of biomolecules. The present review focuses on categorizing the advancement and advantages of different labeling methods applied simultaneously with the electrochemical techniques in the past few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5503; Fax: +82-2-814-2651
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42
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Dief EM, Vogel YB, Peiris CR, Le Brun AP, Gonçales VR, Ciampi S, Reimers JR, Darwish N. Covalent Linkages of Molecules and Proteins to Si-H Surfaces Formed by Disulfide Reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14999-15009. [PMID: 33271017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiols and disulfide contacts have been, for decades, key for connecting organic molecules to surfaces and nanoclusters as they form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metals such as gold (Au) under mild conditions. In contrast, they have not been similarly deployed on Si owing to the harsh conditions required for monolayer formation. Here, we show that SAMs can be simply formed by dipping Si-H surfaces into dilute solutions of organic molecules or proteins comprising disulfide bonds. We demonstrate that S-S bonds can be spontaneously reduced on Si-H, forming covalent Si-S bonds in the presence of traces of water, and that this grafting can be catalyzed by electrochemical potential. Cyclic disulfide can be spontaneously reduced to form complete monolayers in 1 h, and the reduction can be catalyzed electrochemically to form full surface coverages within 15 min. In contrast, the kinetics of SAM formation of the cyclic disulfide molecule on Au was found to be three-fold slower than that on Si. It is also demonstrated that dilute thiol solutions can form monolayers on Si-H following oxidation to disulfides under ambient conditions; the supply of too much oxygen, however, inhibits SAM formation. The electron transfer kinetics of the Si-S-enabled SAMs on Si-H is comparable to that on Au, suggesting that Si-S contacts are electrically transmissive. We further demonstrate the prospect of this spontaneous disulfide reduction by forming a monolayer of protein azurin on a Si-H surface within 1 h. The direct reduction of disulfides on Si electrodes presents new capabilities for a range of fields, including molecular electronics, for which highly conducting SAM-electrode contacts are necessary and for emerging fields such as biomolecular electronics as disulfide linkages could be exploited to wire proteins between Si electrodes, within the context of the current Si-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Yan B Vogel
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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43
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Direct Electrochemical Enzyme Electron Transfer on Electrodes Modified by Self-Assembled Molecular Monolayers. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) have long been recognized as crucial “bridges” between redox enzymes and solid electrode surfaces, on which the enzymes undergo direct electron transfer (DET)—for example, in enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) and biosensors. SAMs possess a wide range of terminal groups that enable productive enzyme adsorption and fine-tuning in favorable orientations on the electrode. The tunneling distance and SAM chain length, and the contacting terminal SAM groups, are the most significant controlling factors in DET-type bioelectrocatalysis. In particular, SAM-modified nanostructured electrode materials have recently been extensively explored to improve the catalytic activity and stability of redox proteins immobilized on electrochemical surfaces. In this report, we present an overview of recent investigations of electrochemical enzyme DET processes on SAMs with a focus on single-crystal and nanoporous gold electrodes. Specifically, we consider the preparation and characterization methods of SAMs, as well as SAM applications in promoting interfacial electrochemical electron transfer of redox proteins and enzymes. The strategic selection of SAMs to accord with the properties of the core redox protein/enzymes is also highlighted.
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44
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Nanoparticles as labels of specific-recognition reactions for the determination of biomolecules by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Bhattacharya S, Speyer G, Ferry DK, Bumm LA. A Comprehensive Study of the Bridge Site and Substrate Relaxation Asymmetry for Methanethiol Adsorption on Au(111) at Low Coverage. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20874-20881. [PMID: 32875222 PMCID: PMC7450628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use dispersion-corrected density functional theory to explore the bridge-site asymmetry for methanethiol adsorbed on Au(111) with two different S-C bond orientations. We attribute the asymmetry to the intrinsic character of the Au(111) surface rather than the adsorbate. The preference for bridge-fcc versus bridge-hcp SCH3 adsorption sites is controlled by the S-C bond orientation. The system energy difference favors the bridge-fcc site by 8.1 meV on the unrelaxed Au(111) surface. Relaxing the Au substrate increased this energy difference to 26.1 meV. This asymmetry is also reflected in the atomic displacement of the relaxed Au surface. Although in both cases, the bridge-site Au atoms shift away from the fcc 3-fold hollow site, the motion is greater for the bridge-fcc allowing a more favorable geometry for the sulfur atom to bond to the bridging atoms. We confirm that the adsorption energy is strongly dependent on the S-C bond orientation and position, which can be understood in terms of a simple coordination geometry model. This work has important implications for alkanethiol surface diffusion and the structure of their self-assembled monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Bhattacharya
- Homer
L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Gil Speyer
- Research
Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - David K. Ferry
- School
of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lloyd A. Bumm
- Homer
L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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46
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Kazemi MS, Rasaeinezhad S, Es’haghi Z. Evaluation of flutamide loading capacity of biosynthesis of plant-mediated glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles by Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss extract. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Shermukhamedov SA, Nazmutdinov RR, Zinkicheva TT, Bronshtein MD, Zhang J, Mao B, Tian Z, Yan J, Wu DY, Ulstrup J. Electronic Spillover from a Metallic Nanoparticle: Can Simple Electrochemical Electron Transfer Processes Be Catalyzed by Electronic Coupling of a Molecular Scale Gold Nanoparticle Simultaneously to the Redox Molecule and the Electrode? J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10646-10658. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shokirbek A. Shermukhamedov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street, 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Renat R. Nazmutdinov
- Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street, 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara T. Zinkicheva
- Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street, 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Michael D. Bronshtein
- Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street, 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Bldg. 207, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street, 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Bldg. 207, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Li JH, Yu ZW, Li JQ, Fan YL, Gao Z, Xiong JB, Wang L, Tao Y, Yang LX, Xiao YX, Luo F. Constructing PtI@COF for semi-hydrogenation reactions of phenylacetylene. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Peiris CR, Ciampi S, Dief EM, Zhang J, Canfield PJ, Le Brun AP, Kosov DS, Reimers JR, Darwish N. Spontaneous S-Si bonding of alkanethiols to Si(111)-H: towards Si-molecule-Si circuits. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5246-5256. [PMID: 34122981 PMCID: PMC8159313 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of covalently linked self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon surfaces, using mild conditions, in a way that is compatible with silicon-electronics fabrication technologies. In molecular electronics, SAMs of functional molecules tethered to gold via sulfur linkages dominate, but these devices are not robust in design and not amenable to scalable manufacture. Whereas covalent bonding to silicon has long been recognized as an attractive alternative, only formation processes involving high temperature and/or pressure, strong chemicals, or irradiation are known. To make molecular devices on silicon under mild conditions with properties reminiscent of Au–S ones, we exploit the susceptibility of thiols to oxidation by dissolved O2, initiating free-radical polymerization mechanisms without causing oxidative damage to the surface. Without thiols present, dissolved O2 would normally oxidize the silicon and hence reaction conditions such as these have been strenuously avoided in the past. The surface coverage on Si(111)–H is measured to be very high, 75% of a full monolayer, with density-functional theory calculations used to profile spontaneous reaction mechanisms. The impact of the Si–S chemistry in single-molecule electronics is demonstrated using STM-junction approaches by forming Si–hexanedithiol–Si junctions. Si–S contacts result in single-molecule wires that are mechanically stable, with an average lifetime at room temperature of 2.7 s, which is five folds higher than that reported for conventional molecular junctions formed between gold electrodes. The enhanced “ON” lifetime of this single-molecule circuit enables previously inaccessible electrical measurements on single molecules. Spontaneously formed Si–S bonds enable monolayer and single-molecule Si–molecule–Si circuits.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Peter J Canfield
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) Lucas Heights NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Daniel S Kosov
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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50
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Requejo KI, Liopo AV, Zubarev ER. Gold Nanorod Synthesis with Small Thiolated Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3758-3769. [PMID: 32216357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Size and shape tunability have been widely demonstrated for gold nanorods (AuNRs), but reproducible and reliable protocols for the synthesis of small nanocrystals with high yield are still needed for potential biomedical applications. Here, we present novel seed-mediated and seedless protocols for gold nanorods by incorporating bioadditives or small thiolated molecules during the growth stage. The bioadditives glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), l-cysteine (l-cys), and l-methionine (l-met) are utilized in nanomolar and micromolar concentrations to modify the aspect ratio of AuNRs in a reproducible form. Overall, smaller aspect ratios are achieved for both synthetic approaches due to reduction in length or increment in length and width depending on the method, type of bioadditive and the strength of its interaction with the nanorod surface. For the seeded synthesis, only GSSG produces large nanorods in high yield, whereas for the seedless method GSH and GSSG form small nanorods with higher quality when compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne I Requejo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 S Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 S Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 S Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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