1
|
Xu F, Bao J, Liu Q, He X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Xing J, Zhou L, Yuan J. Simultaneous natural attenuation of Cr(VI) and nitrate in the hyporheic zone sediments from an upstream tributary of the Jinsha River in the Sichuan Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174145. [PMID: 38909795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater and surface water presents a considerable challenge for the natural attenuation of these two contaminants because their interactions in nature remain contentious. This study investigated the interplay between Cr(VI) and NO3- in hyporheic zone (HZ) sediments by integrating Cr(VI) reduction kinetics, NO3- transformation, microbial community structure, and a three-rate model. The concurrent natural attenuation of Cr(VI) and NO3- in the sediments was significantly influenced by their initial concentrations and redox conditions. The reduction of low concentrations of Cr(VI) (37.1 and 96.2 μM) was slightly enhanced by NO3-, while inhibitory effects were observed at high concentrations of Cr(VI) (200.0 μM). However, except for an initial low concentration of Cr(VI) (37.1 μM) and NO3- (450 μM), the reduction of NO3- was adversely affected by Cr(VI). The reduction rates and efficiencies of Cr(VI) and NO3- were noticeably lower under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. This phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of O2, which decreased the selectivity of sediments-associated Fe(II) towards Cr(VI) and NO3- and induced alterations in the microbial community structure, leading to subsequent changes in NO3- transformation. Furthermore, the three-rate model represents a robust approach for elucidating the reduction of Cr(VI) in the presence of co-contaminants, such as NO3- contamination under diverse redox conditions. This study provides further insights into the interaction mechanism between Cr(VI) and NO3- within the HZ, necessitating the consideration of the microbial toxicity of Cr(VI) and electron competition among Cr(VI), NO3-, and O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Xing
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Zhou
- Zhongshan Public Water Investment Co., Ltd, Zhongshan 528403, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Yuan
- Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China), Chengdu 610218, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clune JW, Cravotta CA, Husic A, Dozier HJ, Schimdt KE. Complex hydrology and variability of nitrogen sources in a karst watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024; 53:492-507. [PMID: 38825844 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Streams draining karst areas with rapid groundwater transit times may respond relatively quickly to nitrogen reduction strategies, but the complex hydrologic network of interconnected sinkholes and springs is challenging for determining the placement and effectiveness of management practices. This study aims to inform nitrogen reduction strategies in a representative agricultural karst setting of the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Fishing Creek watershed, Pennsylvania) with known elevated nitrate contamination and a previous documented groundwater residence time of less than a decade. During baseflow conditions, streamflow did not increase with drainage area. Headwaters and the main stem lost substantial flow to sinkholes until eventually discharging along large springs downstream. Seasonal hydrologic conditions shift the flow and nitrogen load spatially among losing and gaining stream sections. A compilation of nitrogen source inputs with the geochemistry and the pattern of enrichment of δ15N and δ18O suggest that the nitrogen in streams and springs during baseflow represents a mixture of manure, fertilizer, and wastewater sources with low potential for denitrification. The pH and calcite saturation index increased along generalized flow paths from headwaters to springs and indicate shorter groundwater residence times in baseflow during the spring versus summer. Given the substantial investment in management practices, fixed monitoring sites could incorporate synoptic water sampling to properly monitor long-term progress and help inform management actions in karst watersheds. Although karst watersheds have the potential to respond to nitrogen reduction strategies due to shorter groundwater residence times, high nitrogen inputs, effectiveness of conservation practices, and release of legacy nutrients within the karst cavities could confound progress of water quality goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Clune
- U.S. Geological Survey, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Admin Husic
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Margalef-Marti R, Thibault De Chanvalon A, Anschutz P, Amouroux D, Sebilo M. Synergies of chemodenitrification and denitrification in a saline inland lake. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142292. [PMID: 38729442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The interconnection between biotic and abiotic pathways involving the nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles has recently gained interest. While lacustrine ecosystems are considered prone to the biotic nitrate reduction (denitrification), their potential for promoting the abiotic nitrite reduction (chemodenitrification) remains unclear. In the present study, batch incubations were performed to assess the potential for chemodenitrification and denitrification in the saline inland lake Gallocanta. Sulfidic conditions are found in top sediments of the system while below (5-9 cm), it presents low organic carbon and high sulfate and ferrous iron availability. Anoxic incubations of sediment (5-9 cm) and water from the lake with nitrite revealed potential for chemodenitrification, especially when external ferrous iron was added. The obtained isotopic fractionation values for nitrite (ɛ15NNO2) were -6.8 and -12.3 ‰ and therefore, fell in the range of those previously reported for the nitrite reduction. The more pronounced ɛ15NNO2 (-12.3 ‰) measured in the experiment containing additional ferrous iron was attributed to a higher contribution of the chemodenitrification over biotic denitrification. Incubations containing nitrate also confirmed the potential for denitrification under autotrophic conditions (low organic carbon, high ferrous iron). Higher reaction rate constants were found in the experiment containing 100 μM compared to 400 μM nitrate. The obtained ɛ15NNO3 values (-8.5 and -15.1 ‰) during nitrate consumption fell in the range of those expected for the denitrification. A more pronounced ɛ15NNO3 (-15.1 ‰) was determined in the experiment presenting a lower reaction rate constant (400 μM nitrate). Therefore, in Gallocanta lake, nitrite generated during nitrate reduction can be further reduced by both the abiotic and biotic pathways. These findings establish the significance of chemodenitrification in lacustrine systems and support further exploration in aquatic environments with different levels of C, N, S, and Fe. This might be especially useful in predicting nitrous oxide emissions in natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Margalef-Marti
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France; Grup MAiMA, MAGH, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de La Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aubin Thibault De Chanvalon
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - Mathieu Sebilo
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Pau, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IEES, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kamjunke N, Sanders T. Complete exhaustion of dissolved nutrients in a large lowland river. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:660. [PMID: 38916758 PMCID: PMC11199228 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Riverine phytoplankton takes up phosphate, dissolved silicate, and nitrate. We investigated which nutrients are depleted during a Lagrangian sampling in the free-flowing part of the River Elbe in 2023. As part of this study, we tested the hypotheses that nutrient depletion might be caused by (1) above-average phytoplankton biomass or by (2) decreased nutrient load of the river during previous years. Phytoplankton biomass increased up to 350 km in rivers and stopped increasing exactly when soluble reactive phosphorus had been completely consumed, and molar carbon to phosphorus ratios of seston indicated the beginning phosphorus limitation. The concentrations of dissolved silicate and nitrate dropped below the detection limit as well. In contrast to the results from eight previous longitudinal samplings taken in 2018-2022, nitrate exhaustion was detected for the first time in 2023 within the transect. This was caused neither by an above-average phytoplankton biomass nor by a declined overall nutrient load of the river in 2018-2023. Instead, denitrification appears to be the most plausible explanation for the downstream decrease of nitrate and the loss of total nitrogen which was supported by enrichment of nitrate stable isotopes and a decreasing ratio of nitrate 15N/18O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kamjunke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Sanders
- Department of Aquatic Nutrient Cycles, Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deb S, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Rohe L. Microbial nitrogen transformations tracked by natural abundance isotope studies and microbiological methods: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172073. [PMID: 38554959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in the environment that exists in multiple oxidation states in nature. Numerous microbial processes are involved in its transformation. Knowledge about very complex N cycling has been growing rapidly in recent years, with new information about associated isotope effects and about the microbes involved in particular processes. Furthermore, molecular methods that are able to detect and quantify particular processes are being developed, applied and combined with other analytical approaches, which opens up new opportunities to enhance understanding of nitrogen transformation pathways. This review presents a summary of the microbial nitrogen transformation, including the respective isotope effects of nitrogen and oxygen on different nitrogen-bearing compounds (including nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and nitrous oxide), and the microbiological characteristics of these processes. It is supplemented by an overview of molecular methods applied for detecting and quantifying the activity of particular enzymes involved in N transformation pathways. This summary should help in the planning and interpretation of complex research studies applying isotope analyses of different N compounds and combining microbiological and isotopic methods in tracking complex N cycling, and in the integration of these results in modelling approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Deb
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Lena Rohe
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kantnerová K, Kuhlbusch N, Juchelka D, Hilkert A, Kopf S, Neubauer C. A guide to precise measurements of isotope abundance by ESI-Orbitrap MS. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00981-5. [PMID: 38654136 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur are widespread in nature. Nevertheless, their relative abundance is not the same everywhere. This is due to kinetic isotope effects in enzymes and other physical principles such as equilibrium thermodynamics. Variations in isotope ratios offer unique insights into environmental pollution, trophic relationships in ecology, metabolic disorders and Earth history including climate history. Although classical isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques still struggle to access intramolecular information like site-specific isotope abundance, electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry can be used to achieve precise and accurate intramolecular quantification of isotopically substituted molecules ('isotopocules'). This protocol describes two procedures. In the first one, we provide a step-by-step beginner's guide for performing multi-elemental, intramolecular and site-specific stable isotope analysis in unlabeled polar solutes by direct infusion. Using a widely available calibration solution, isotopocules of trifluoroacetic acid and immonium ions from the model peptide MRFA are quantified. In the second approach, nitrate is used as a simple model for a flow injection routine that enables access to a diverse range of naturally occurring isotopic signatures in inorganic oxyanions. Each procedure takes 2-3 h to complete and requires expertise only in general mass spectrometry. The workflows use optimized Orbitrap IRMS data-extraction and -processing software and are transferable to various analytes amenable to soft ionization, including metabolites, peptides, drugs and environmental pollutants. Optimized mass spectrometry systems will enable intramolecular isotope research in many areas of biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kantnerová
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nils Kuhlbusch
- Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kopf
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cajetan Neubauer
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han P, Tang X, Koch H, Dong X, Hou L, Wang D, Zhao Q, Li Z, Liu M, Lücker S, Shi G. Unveiling unique microbial nitrogen cycling and nitrification driver in coastal Antarctica. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3143. [PMID: 38609359 PMCID: PMC11014942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Largely removed from anthropogenic delivery of nitrogen (N), Antarctica has notably low levels of nitrogen. Though our understanding of biological sources of ammonia have been elucidated, the microbial drivers of nitrate (NO3-) cycling in coastal Antarctica remains poorly understood. Here, we explore microbial N cycling in coastal Antarctica, unraveling the biological origin of NO3- via oxygen isotopes in soil and lake sediment, and through the reconstruction of 1968 metagenome-assembled genomes from 29 microbial phyla. Our analysis reveals the metabolic potential for microbial N2 fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, but not for anaerobic ammonium oxidation, signifying a unique microbial N-cycling dynamic. We identify the predominance of complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira, capable of performing the entire nitrification process. Their adaptive strategies to the Antarctic environment likely include synthesis of trehalose for cold stress, high substrate affinity for resource utilization, and alternate metabolic pathways for nutrient-scarce conditions. We confirm the significant role of comammox Nitrospira in the autotrophic, nitrification process via 13C-DNA-based stable isotope probing. This research highlights the crucial contribution of nitrification to the N budget in coastal Antarctica, identifying comammox Nitrospira clade B as a nitrification driver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hanna Koch
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Xiyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Danhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiu Y, Felix JD, Murgulet D, Wetz M, Abdulla H. Isotopic compositions of organic and inorganic nitrogen reveal processing and source dynamics at septic influenced and undeveloped estuary sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171749. [PMID: 38494009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Historically, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has not been characterized in the nitrogen profiles of most estuaries despite its significant contribution to total nitrogen and projected increase in loading. The characterization of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DON processing from groundwater to surface water also remains unconstrained. This study attempts to fill in these knowledge gaps by quantifying the DON pool and potential sources in a semiarid, low inflow estuary (Baffin Bay, Texas) using stable isotope techniques. High NO3- and DON concentrations, and high δ15N-NH4+ (+55.0 ± 56.7 ‰), δ15N-NO3- (+23.9 ± 8.6 ‰) and δ15N-DON (+22.3 ± 6.5 ‰) were observed in groundwaters of a septic-influenced estuarine area, indicating coupled septic contamination and nitrification/denitrification. In contrast, groundwater of an undeveloped area provided evidence of inundation by bay water through high NH4+ concentrations and δ15N-NH4+ (+8.4 ± 3.0 ‰) resembling estuary porewater. NH4+ was the dominant nitrogen species in porewater of both areas and δ15N-NH4+ indicated production via organic nitrogen mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Surface water had similar nitrogen profiles (DON constituted ∼98 % of dissolved nitrogen pool) and potential source contributions, despite distinct nitrogen processing and profiles found in each water table. This was attributed to low nitrogen removal rates and prolonged mixing associated with long residence time. This study emphasizes the importance of DON in a low-inflow estuary and the isotopic approach to comprehensively examine both inorganic and organic N processing and sources serving as a guide to investigate N cycling in high DON estuaries globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Qiu
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - J David Felix
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Dorina Murgulet
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Michael Wetz
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma Q, Pang M, Huang Z, Mu R, Pang Y. Derivation and application of a parameter for denitrification rates in the Taihu Lake model based on an isotope-labeled denitrification experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15559-15570. [PMID: 38296932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the total nitrogen concentration in Taihu Lake has decreased significantly. Denitrification, as the main nitrogen removal process, is the key reason for the decrease. Here, the denitrification parameter values in the Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model were calculated based on isotope-labeled denitrification experiment instead of selecting the recommended values directly. This study further focused on EFDC denitrification parameter derivation with an experimental denitrification rate (Dtot) to reduce simulation errors. According to the EFDC nitrate deposition flux mechanism, the conversion equation between the denitrification rate of the first sediment layer ([Formula: see text]) in EFDC and Dtot was successfully derived. The results revealed a linear correlation between [Formula: see text] and (Dtot)1/2. The [Formula: see text] values of sampling points ranged from 0.25 to 0.27 m·day-1, within the range of model parameters. After substituting [Formula: see text] into the Taihu Lake EFDC model, the average percentage bias and determination coefficient of total nitrogen were 16.25% and 0.87, respectively. The average total nitrogen concentration reduction caused by denitrification at water quality calibration points ranged from 0.027 to 0.305 mg·L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Ma
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Min Pang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zhilin Huang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Ronghua Mu
- East China Inspection Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Lyu T, Li S, Jiang Z, Dang Z, Zhu X, Hu W, Yue FJ, Ji G. Unignorable enzyme-specific isotope fractionation for nitrate source identification in aquatic ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140771. [PMID: 38000558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in aquatic systems is a widespread problem across the world. The isotopic composition (δ15N, δ18O) of nitrate and their isotope effect (15ε, 18ε) can facilitate the identification of the source and transformation of nitrate. Although previous researches claimed the isotope fractionations may change the original δ15N/δ18O values and further bias identification of nitrate sources, isotope effect was often ignored due to its complexity. To fill the gap between the understanding and application, it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of isotopic fractionation based on available evidence. In this regard, this study summarized the available methods to determine isotope effects, thereby systematically comparing the magnitude of isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) in nitrification, denitrification and anammox. We found that the enzymatic reaction plays the key role in isotope fractionations, which is significantly affected by the difference in the affinity, substrate channel properties and redox potential of active site. Due to the overlapping of microbial processes and accumulation of uncertainties, the significant isotope effects at small scales inevitably decrease in large-scale ecosystems. However, the proportionality of N and O isotope fractionation (δ18O/δ15N; 18ε/15ε) associated with nitrate reduction generally follows enzyme-specific proportionalities (i.e., Nar, 0.95; Nap, 0.57; eukNR, 0.98) in aquatic ecosystems, providing enzyme-specific constant factors for the identification of nitrate transformation. With these results, this study finally discussed feasible source portioning methods when considering the isotope effect and aimed to improve the accuracy in nitrate source identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schulz G, van Beusekom JEE, Jacob J, Bold S, Schöl A, Ankele M, Sanders T, Dähnke K. Low discharge intensifies nitrogen retention in rivers - A case study in the Elbe River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166740. [PMID: 37659520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication due to excessive nutrient inputs is a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide, causing harmful algae blooms, seagrass loss and hypoxia. Decisions to combat eutrophication in the North Sea were made in the 1980s. Despite significant improvements during recent decades, high nitrogen loads and resulting eutrophication problems remain. In this study, long-term changes in nitrogen inputs to the Elbe Estuary (Germany) were characterized based on nitrogen data provided by the Elbe River Basin Community from 1985 to 2019. Additionally, surface water samples were taken at the weir separating the river from the estuary from 2011 to 2021 to characterize dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and nitrate stable isotope composition. The findings suggest a close coupling of river discharge with the riverine nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen loads decreased disproportionately with decreasing discharge. This decrease is due to intensified nitrogen retention in the Elbe catchment, which can double nitrogen retention compared to average discharge conditions. Phytoplankton growth was enhanced by long residence times and high light availability at low water levels. This suggests that the recent decreases in nitrogen loads in the Elbe River were not only a result of management measures in the catchment but were also amplified by a recent long-lasting drought in the catchment. Based on projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, more frequent and extensive droughts are anticipated, which may lead to future seasonal shifts to nitrate limitation in the lower Elbe River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Schulz
- Institute of Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | | | - Juliane Jacob
- Center for Sustainable Research Data Management, University Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Sina Bold
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg 20359, Germany
| | - Andreas Schöl
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz 56068, Germany
| | - Markus Ankele
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Tina Sanders
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Kirstin Dähnke
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matiatos I, Lazogiannis K, Papadopoulos A, Skoulikidis NT, Boeckx P, Dimitriou E. Stable isotopes reveal organic nitrogen pollution and cycling from point and non-point sources in a heavily cultivated (agricultural) Mediterranean river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166455. [PMID: 37607634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The Pinios River Basin (PRB) is the most intensively cultivated area in Greece, which hosts numerous industries and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis of water samples collected monthly for ∼1 ½ years in eight monitoring sites in the PRB revealed nitrate pollution of organic origin extending from upstream to downstream and occurring throughout the year, masking the signal from the application of synthetic fertilizers. Nitrate concentrations reached up to 3.6 mg/l as NO3--N, without exceeding the drinking water threshold of ∼11.0 mg/l (as NO3--N). However, the water quality status was "poor" or "bad" in ∼50 % of the samples based on a local index, which considers the potential impact of nitrate on aquatic biological communities. The δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18O-NO3- values ranged from +4.4 ‰ to +20.3 ‰ and from -0.5 ‰ to +14.4 ‰, respectively. The application of a Bayesian model showed that the proportional contribution of organic pollution from industries, animal breeding facilities and manure fertilizers exceeded 70 % in most river sites with an overall uncertainty of ∼0.3 (UI90 index). The δ18O-NO3- and its relationship with δ18O-H2O revealed N-cycling and mixing processes, which were difficult to identify apart from the uptake of nutrients by phytoplankton during the growing season and metabolic activities. The strong correlation of δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- values with a Land Use Index (LUI) and a Point Source Index (PSI) highlighted not only the role of non-point nitrate sources but also of point sources of nitrate pollution on water quality degradation, which are usually overlooked. The nitrification of organic wastes is the dominant nitrate source in most rivers in Europe. The systematic monitoring of rivers for nitrate isotopes will help improve the understanding of N-cycling and the impact of these pollutants on ecosystems and better inform policies for protection measures so to achieve good ecological status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Matiatos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Lazogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Anastasios Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Elias Dimitriou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Luo Z, Wang S, Nan Q, Ji G. Denitrification fractionates N and O isotopes of nitrate following a ratio independent of carbon sources in freshwaters. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2404-2415. [PMID: 37503781 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The stable isotope technique has been used in tracking nitrogen cycling processes, but the isotopic characteristics are influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the variability of nitrate isotopes in nature, we investigated the influence of organic carbon sources on isotope fractionation characteristics during microbial denitrification. Denitrifying cultures were inoculated with freshwater samples and enriched with five forms of organic compounds, that is, acetate, citrate, glucose, cellobiose, and leucine. Though the isotope enrichment factors of nitrogen and oxygen (15 ε and 18 ε) changed with carbon sources, 18 ε/15 ε always followed a proportionality near 1. Genome-centred metagenomics revealed the enrichment of a few populations, such as Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Atlantibacter, most of which contained both NapA- and NarG-type nitrate reductases. Metatranscriptome showed that both NapA and NarG were expressed but to different extents in the enrichments. Furthermore, isotopic data collected from a deep reservoir was analysed. The results showed δ18 O- and δ15 N-nitrate did not correlate in the surface water where nitrification was active, but 18 ε/15 ε followed a proportionality of 1.05 ± 011 in deeper waters (≥ 12 m) where denitrification controlled the nitrate isotope. The independence of 18 ε/15 ε from carbon sources provides an opportunity to determine heterotrophic denitrification and helps the interpretation of nitrate isotopes in freshwaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhongxin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Sustainable Hydropower Development, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Nan
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thompson CC, Tschoeke D, Coutinho FH, Leomil L, Garcia GD, Otsuki K, Turcq BJ, Moreira LS, Turcq PFM, Cordeiro RC, Asp NE, Thompson FL. Diversity of Microbiomes Across a 13,000-Year-Old Amazon Sediment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2202-2209. [PMID: 37017718 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is fundamental for understanding bacterial activities in sediments. However, only a limited number of studies have addressed the microbial diversity of Amazonian sediments. Here, we studied the microbiome of sediments from a 13,000-year BP core retrieved in a floodplain lake in Amazonia using metagenomics and biogeochemistry. Our aim was to evaluate the possible environmental influence over a river to a lake transition using a core sample. To this end, we sampled a core in the Airo Lake, a floodplain lake in the Negro River basin. The Negro River is the largest tributary of the Amazon River. The obtained core was divided into three strata: (i) surface, almost complete separation of the Airo Lake from the Negro River when the environment becomes more lentic with greater deposition of organic matter (black-colored sediment); (ii) transitional environment (reddish brown); and (iii) deep, environment with a tendency for greater past influence of the Negro River (brown color). The deepest sample possibly had the greatest influence of the Negro River as it represented the bottom of this river in the past, while the surface sample is the current Airo Lake bottom. In total, six metagenomes were obtained from the three different depth strata (total number of reads: 10.560.701; sequence length: 538 ± 24, mean ± standard deviation). The older (deeper) sediment strata contained a higher abundance of Burkholderia, Chitinophaga, Mucilaginibacter, and Geobacter, which represented ~ 25% of the metagenomic sequences. On the other hand, the more recent sediment strata had mainly Thermococcus, Termophilum, Sulfolobus, Archaeoglobus, and Methanosarcina (in total 11% of the metagenomic sequences). The sequence data were binned into metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The majority of the obtained MAGs (n = 16) corresponded to unknown taxa, suggesting they may belong to new species. The older strata sediment microbiome was enriched with sulfur cycle genes, TCA cycle, YgfZ, and ATP-dependent proteolysis in bacteria. Meanwhile, serine-glyoxylate cycle, stress response genes, bacterial cell division, cell division-ribosomal stress protein cluster, and oxidative stress increased in the younger strata. Metal resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes were found across the entire core, including genes coding for fluoroquinolones, polymyxin, vancomycin, and multidrug resistance transporters. These findings depict the possible microbial diversity during the depositional past events and provided clues of the past microbial metabolism throughout time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane C Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Tschoeke
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biomedical Engineer Program, COPPE (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Coutinho
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Leomil
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gizele D Garcia
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ Macae, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Macae, Brazil
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno J Turcq
- Institute de Recherche pour Le Dévelopment-Sorbonne, Université (UPMC, CNRS, IRD, MNHN) LOCEAN - Centre IRD France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Luciane S Moreira
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F M Turcq
- Institute de Recherche pour Le Dévelopment-Sorbonne, Université (UPMC, CNRS, IRD, MNHN) LOCEAN - Centre IRD France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Renato C Cordeiro
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nils E Asp
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Bragança, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Cao X, Yu H, Xu Y, Peng J, Qu J. Nitrate with enriched heavy oxygen isotope linked to changes in nitrogen source and transformation as groundwater table rises. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131527. [PMID: 37163892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a significant constituent of the total nitrogen pool in shallow aquifers and poses an escalating threat to groundwater resources, making it crucial to comprehend the source, conversion, and elimination of nitrogen using appropriate techniques. Although dual-isotope dynamics in nitrate have been widely used, uncertainties remain regarding the asynchronously temporal changes in δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NO3- observed in hypoxic aquifers. This study aimed to investigate changes in nitrogen sources and transformations using temporal changes in field-based NO3- isotopic composition, hydro-chemical variables, and environmental DNA profiling, as the groundwater table varied. The results showed that the larger enrichment in δ18O-NO3- (+13‰) compared with δ15N-NO3- (-2‰) on average during groundwater table rise was due to a combination of factors, including high 18O-based atmospheric N deposition, canopies nitrification, and soil nitrification transported vertically by rainfalls, and 18O-enriched O2 produced through microbial and root respiration within denitrification. The strong association between functional gene abundance and nitrogen-related indicators suggests that anammox was actively processed with nitrification but in small bacterial population during groundwater table rise. Furthermore, bacterial species associated with nitrogen-associated gradients provided insight into subsurface nitrogen transformation, with Burkholderiaceae species and Pseudorhodobacter potentially serving as bioindicators of denitrification, while Candidatus Nitrotogn represents soil nitrification. Fluctuating groundwater tables can cause shifts in hydro-chemical and isotopic composition, which in turn can indicate changes in nitrogen sources and transformations. These changes can be used to improve input sources for mixture models and aid in microbial remediation of nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng Y, Lu Y, Chen Y, Xu J, Jiang J. Microbial community structure and antibiotic resistance profiles in sediments with long-term aquaculture history. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118052. [PMID: 37141714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to examine the microbial populations and their resistance patterns towards antibiotics, including the impact of nitrogen metabolism in response to the reintroduction of antibiotics, as well as the presence of resistance genes in sediments from shrimp ponds that have been utilized for extended periods of 5, 15, and over 30 years. Results showed that the sediments exhibited a high prevalence of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Oxyphotobacteria as the most abundant bacterial phyla, accounting for 70.35-77.43% of the total bacterial community. The five most abundant phyla of fungi detected in all sediments, namely Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, constituted 24.26-32.54% of the total fungal community. It was highly probable that the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla serve as the primary reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the sediment, which included various genera like Sulfurovum, Woeseia, Sulfurimonas, Desulfosarcina, and Robiginitalea. Among these genera, Sulfurovum appeared to be the most widespread in the sediment of aquaculture ponds that have been in operation for more than three decades, while Woeseia dominated in ponds that have been recently reclaimed and have a 15-year aquaculture history. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were categorized into seven distinct groups according to their mechanism of action. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant ARGs was found to be the highest among all types, with an abundance ranging from 8.74 × 10-2 to 1.90 × 10-1 copies per 16S rRNA gene copies. The results of a comparative analysis of sediment samples with varying aquaculture histories indicated that the total relative abundance of ARGs was significantly diminished in sediment with a 15-year aquaculture history as opposed to sediment with either a 5-year or 30-year aquaculture history. Another assessment of antibiotic resistances in aquaculture sediments involved an examination of the effects of reintroducing antibiotics on nitrogen metabolism processes. The findings revealed that the rates of ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification in the sediment with a history of 5 years and 15 years, decreased as the concentration of oxytetracycline increased from 1 to 300, and 2000 mg/kg, and inhibitory effects were found to be less pronounced in sediments with a 5-year history compared to those with a 15-year history. In contrast, oxytetracycline exposure led to a significant decrease in the rates of these processes in aquaculture pond sediments with a >30 years of aquaculture history across all the concentrations tested. The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance profiles in aquaculture environments requires attention in future aquaculture management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Yongshan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Jinghua Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jinping Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jáuregui I, Vega-Mas I, Delaplace P, Vanderschuren H, Thonar C. An optimized hydroponic pipeline for large-scale identification of wheat genotypes with resilient biological nitrification inhibition activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1711-1721. [PMID: 36764923 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species have been reported to inhibit nitrification via their root exudates, the so-called biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). Given the potential of BNI-producing plants to sustainably mitigate N losses in agrosystems, identification of BNI activity in existing germplasms is of paramount importance. A hydroponic system was combined with an optimized Nitrosomonas europaea-based bioassay to determine the BNI activity of root exudates. The pipeline allows collecting and processing hundreds of root exudates simultaneously. An additional assay was established to assess the potential bactericide effect of the root exudates. The pipeline was used to unravel the impact of developmental stage, temperature and osmotic stress on the BNI trait in selected wheat genotypes. Biological nitrification inhibition activity appeared consistently higher in wheat at the pretillering stage as compared to the tillering stage. While low-temperatures did not alter BNI activities in root exudates, osmotic stress appeared to change the BNI activity in a genotype-dependent manner. Further analysis of Nitrosomonas culture after pre-exposure to root exudates suggested that BNI activity has no or limited bactericide effects. The present pipeline will be instrumental to further investigating the dynamics of BNI activity and to uncover the diversity of the BNI trait in plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jáuregui
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Izargi Vega-Mas
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Tropical Crop Improvement Laboratory, Biosystems Department, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cécile Thonar
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma Q, Pang M, Pang Y, Zhang L, Huang Z. Arrhenius equation construction and nitrate source identification of denitrification at the Lake Taihu sediment - water interface with 15 N isotope. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65702-65711. [PMID: 37093390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen in Taihu Lake, China has gradually decreased since 2015 while the total phosphorus concentration has exhibited an increasing trend, indicating an asynchronous change. The dominant nitrogen removal process in freshwater ecosystems is denitrification which primarily occurs at the sediment-water interface. In this study, 15 N isotope incubation experiments were attempted to analyze the effect of water temperature on denitrification, to construct the regional denitrification Arrhenius equations considering water temperature, and to identify the nitrate source of denitrification in Lake Taihu sediments. The results indicated that the potential N2 production rates and denitrification rates generally decreased in the west to east direction, which was significantly positively correlated with the nitrate concentration of overlying water by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (P < 0.05). In addition, when the water temperature was lower than 30 °C, the rates of the potential N2 production and denitrification were higher with an increase in water temperature, but when the water temperature was overhigh, denitrification was inhibited. The ratio of the total denitrification rate of nitrate from the water column in the sediment to the total denitrification rate during the incubation experiment was above 0.5 at each sampling site. This indicated that the denitrification in the Lake Taihu sediment primarily occurred at the expense of nitrate from the water column. The research results of Arrhenius equation construction and nitrate source identification of denitization can be applied to improve the accuracy of water quality model of Taihu Lake, which is of great significance to improve Taihu Lake water quality, and can act as a reference for the water environment treatment of other shallow eutrophic lakes in China and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Ma
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Min Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhilin Huang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Yu Z, Song X, Chi L, Wu Z, Yuan Y. Nitrate dynamics and source apportionment on the East China Sea shelf revealed by nitrate stable isotopes and a Bayesian mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161762. [PMID: 36702274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The excess input of nitrate is one of the primary factors triggering nearshore eutrophication. To estimate the source apportionment of nitrate on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf, the nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) collected in winter and late spring 2016 were analyzed alongside essential physical, chemical and biological parameters. The temporal and spatial distributions and characteristic values of nitrate-bearing water masses were presented. Accordingly, the end-member mixing model and Rayleigh model were applied to systematically analyze biogeochemical processes. The biogeochemical processes of nitrate were weak in winter, except in the southern ECS, where assimilation and nitrification probably occurred. In contrast, the biogeochemical processes were intensive in spring. The stable isotopic fractionations of N and O were unified in the whole area, and the ratio between δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NO3- was 1.81 ± 0.04, which indicated significant assimilation accompanying nitrification in spring. Furthermore, a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model was used to reveal the source contributions of nitrate on the ECS shelf for the first time, demonstrating that the Changjiang Diluted Water and Kuroshio Subsurface Water were always sustained and provided steady nitrate sources for the whole ECS. The nitrate inputs from the Yellow Sea to the northern ECS increased from approximately 30 % in spring to nearly 70 % in winter, while that from the Taiwan Strait Warm Water to the southern ECS decreased from approximately 40 % in spring to zero in winter. Moreover, although the nitrate contributions from nitrification were significantly weak in the middle and northern ECS during winter, they were important over the entire ECS during spring. This study qualitatively and quantitatively improves the understanding of seasonal nitrate control from various sources, and these findings are important for nutrient management and policy making to mitigate nearshore eutrophication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianbao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zaixing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongquan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung H, Kim YS, Yoo J, Han SJ, Lee J. Identification of nitrate sources in tap water sources across South Korea using multiple stable isotopes: Implications for land use and water management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161026. [PMID: 36549543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stable nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3) in conjunction with stable water isotopes (δ18O-H2O and δD-H2O) were used to identify nitrogen (N) sources and N-biogeochemical transformation in tap water sources sampled from 11 water purification plants across South Korea. The raw water sources are taken from rivers within the water supply basins, which indicates the quality of tap water is highly dependent on surrounding the land use type. We estimated the proportional contribution of the various N sources (AD: atmospheric deposition; SN: soil nitrogen; CF: chemical fertilizer; M&S: manure/sewage) using Bayesian Mixing Model. As a result, the contribution of N sources exhibited large seasonal and spatial differences, which were related to the type of land use in the water supply basins. Commonly, the M&S and SN were the dominant N source during the dry and wet seasons in almost regions, respectively. However, in the regions with high N loading ratios from urban and industrial sources, the M&S was the dominant N source during both the wet and dry seasons. In addition, the regions were characterized by high NO3- concentrations due to the decreased dilution effect of precipitation during the dry seasons. In contrast, the SN was the dominant N source in the regions with high N loading ratios from agricultural areas during both the wet and dry seasons. The NO3--N concentration during the wet season was significantly higher than those during the dry season in these regions due to the input of non-point sources with high concentrations. Meanwhile, denitrification and nitrification were observed in the watersheds. It is important to understand the isotope fractionation due to N-biogeochemical transformation for considering the potential misinterpretations of the origin and fate NO3-. Collectively, our findings provide a basis on N source control strategies to ensure tap water quality in complex land use areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Jung
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun S Kim
- Water Quality & Safety Management Center, K-water, Daejeon 34350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Water Quality & Safety Management Center, K-water, Daejeon 34350, Republic of Korea; Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Han
- Water Quality & Safety Management Center, K-water, Daejeon 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matiatos I, Araguás-Araguás L, Wassenaar LI, Monteiro LR, Harjung A, Douence C, Kralik M. Nitrate isotopes reveal N-cycled waters in a spring-fed agricultural catchment. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:27-47. [PMID: 36562699 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2157412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate stable isotopes provide information about nitrate contamination and cycling by microbial processes. The Fischa-Dagnitz (Austria) spring and river system in the agricultural catchment of the Vienna basin shows minor annual variance in nitrate concentrations. We measured nitrate isotopes (δ15N, δ18O) in the source spring and river up to the confluence with the Danube River (2019-2020) with chemical and water isotopes to assess mixing and nitrate transformation processes. The Fischa-Dagnitz spring showed almost stable nitrate concentration (3.3 ± 1.0 mg/l as NO3--N) year-round but surprisingly variable δ15N, δ18O-NO3- values ranging from +5.5 to +11.1‰ and from +0.5 to +8.1‰, respectively. The higher nitrate isotope values in summer were attributed to release of older denitrified water from the spring whose isotope signal was dampened downstream by mixing. A mixing model suggested denitrified groundwater contributed > 50 % of spring discharge at baseflow conditions. The isotopic composition of NO3- in the gaining streams was partly controlled by nitrification during autumn and winter months and assimilation during the growing season resulting in low and high δ15N-NO3- values, respectively. NO3- isotope variation helped disentangle denitrified groundwater inputs and biochemical cycling processes despite minor variation of NO3- concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Matiatos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Luis Araguás-Araguás
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Astrid Harjung
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Douence
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kralik
- Division of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CMESS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Itoh M, Osaka K, Iizuka K, Kosugi Y, Lion M, Shiodera S. Assessing the changes in river water quality across a land-use change (forest to oil palm plantation) in peninsular Malaysia using the stable isotopes of water and nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160319. [PMID: 36410477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land conversion from natural forests to plantations (e.g., oil palm) in Southeast Asia is one of the most intensive land-use changes occurring worldwide. To clarify the effects of oil palm plantations on water quality, we conducted multipoint river and stream water sampling in peninsular Malaysia at the end of the rainy season over a 3-year period (2013-2015). We measured the major dissolved ions and stable isotope ratios of water (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O) and nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) in water from the upper streams in mountainous forests to the midstream areas of two major rivers in peninsular Malaysia. The electrical conductivity increased, and the d-excess value (as an index of the degree of evaporation) decreased with increasing distance from the headwaters, suggesting the effect of evaporative enrichment and the addition of pollutants. We separated the sampling points into four groups (G1-G4) through cluster analysis of the water quality data. From the land use/land cover (LULC) classification maps developed from satellite images and local information, we found that G1 and G2 mainly consisted of sampling points in forested areas, while G3 and G4 were located in oil-palm-affected areas. The concentrations of major ions were higher in the oil palm areas, indicating the effects of fertilizer and limestone (i.e., pH adjustment) applications. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration did not differ among the groups, but the dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and δ15N-NO3- were higher in the oil palm area than in the forested area. Although the nitrogen concentration was low, even in the oil palm area, the significantly higher δ15N-NO3- in the oil palm area indicated substantial denitrification. This implies that denitrification contributed to the lowering of the NO3- concentration in rivers in the oil palm area, in addition to nutrient uptake by oil palm trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 670-0092, Hyogo, Japan; Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ken'ichi Osaka
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 522-8533, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Iizuka
- Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Marryanna Lion
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Malaysia.
| | - Satomi Shiodera
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Global Liberal Studies, Faculty of Global Liberal Studies, Nanzan University, Aichi 466-8673, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rempfert KR, Nothaft DB, Kraus EA, Asamoto CK, Evans RD, Spear JR, Matter JM, Kopf SH, Templeton AS. Subsurface biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in the actively serpentinizing Samail Ophiolite, Oman. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139633. [PMID: 37152731 PMCID: PMC10160414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life. N compounds such as ammonium ( NH 4 + ) may act as electron donors, while nitrate ( NO 3 - ) and nitrite ( NO 2 - ) may serve as electron acceptors to support energy metabolism. However, little is known regarding the availability and forms of N in subsurface ecosystems, particularly in serpentinite-hosted settings where hydrogen (H2) generated through water-rock reactions promotes habitable conditions for microbial life. Here, we analyzed N and oxygen (O) isotope composition to investigate the source, abundance, and cycling of N species within the Samail Ophiolite of Oman. The dominant dissolved N species was dependent on the fluid type, with Mg2+- HCO 3 - type fluids comprised mostly of NO 3 - , and Ca2+-OH- fluids comprised primarily of ammonia (NH3). We infer that fixed N is introduced to the serpentinite aquifer as NO 3 - . High concentrations of NO 3 - (>100 μM) with a relict meteoric oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O ~ 22‰, Δ17O ~ 6‰) were observed in shallow aquifer fluids, indicative of NO 3 - sourced from atmospheric deposition (rainwater NO 3 - : δ18O of 53.7‰, Δ17O of 16.8‰) mixed with NO 3 - produced in situ through nitrification (estimated endmember δ18O and Δ17O of ~0‰). Conversely, highly reacted hyperalkaline fluids had high concentrations of NH3 (>100 μM) with little NO 3 - detectable. We interpret that NH3 in hyperalkaline fluids is a product of NO 3 - reduction. The proportionality of the O and N isotope fractionation (18ε / 15ε) measured in Samail Ophiolite NO 3 - was close to unity (18ε / 15ε ~ 1), which is consistent with dissimilatory NO 3 - reduction with a membrane-bound reductase (NarG); however, abiotic reduction processes may also be occurring. The presence of genes commonly involved in N reduction processes (narG, napA, nrfA) in the metagenomes of biomass sourced from aquifer fluids supports potential biological involvement in the consumption of NO 3 - . Production of NH 4 + as the end-product of NO 3 - reduction via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) could retain N in the subsurface and fuel nitrification in the oxygenated near surface. Elevated bioavailable N in all sampled fluids indicates that N is not likely limiting as a nutrient in serpentinites of the Samail Ophiolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R. Rempfert
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Kaitlin R. Rempfert
| | - Daniel B. Nothaft
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Emily A. Kraus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Ciara K. Asamoto
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - R. Dave Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - John R. Spear
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Juerg M. Matter
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian H. Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Alexis S. Templeton
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Alexis S. Templeton
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boettger JD, Neubauer C, Kopf SH, Kubicki JD. Microbial Denitrification: Active Site and Reaction Path Models Predict New Isotopic Fingerprints. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2582-2594. [PMID: 36425342 PMCID: PMC9677970 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study of isotopic fingerprints in nitrate (δ15N, δ18O, Δ17O) has enabled pivotal insights into the global nitrogen cycle and revealed new knowledge gaps. Measuring populations of isotopic homologs of intact NO3 - ions (isotopologues) shows promise to advance the understanding of nitrogen cycling processes; however, we need new theory and predictions to guide laboratory experiments and field studies. We investigated the hypothesis that the isotopic composition of the residual nitrate pool is controlled by the N-O bond-breaking step in Nar dissimilatory nitrate reductase using molecular models of the enzyme active sites and associated kinetic isotope effects (KIEs). We integrated the molecular model results into reaction path models representing the reduction of nitrate under either closed-system or steady-state conditions. The predicted intrinsic KIE (15ε and 18ε) of the Nar active site matches observed fractionations in both culture and environmental studies. This is what would be expected if the isotopic composition of marine nitrate were controlled by dissimilatory nitrate reduction by Nar. For a closed system, the molecular models predict a pronounced negative 15N-18O clumping anomaly in residual nitrate. This signal could encode information about the amount of nitrate consumed in a closed system and thus constrain initial nitrate concentration and its isotopic composition. Similar clumped isotope anomalies can potentially be used to distinguish whether a system is open or closed to new nitrate addition. These mechanistic predictions can be tested and refined in combination with emerging ESI-Orbitrap measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Boettger
- Department
of Earth, Environmental, and Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Cajetan Neubauer
- Department
of Geological Sciences & Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sebastian H. Kopf
- Department
of Geological Sciences & Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - James D. Kubicki
- Department
of Earth, Environmental, and Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pensky J, Fisher AT, Gorski G, Schrad N, Dailey H, Beganskas S, Saltikov C. Enhanced cycling of nitrogen and metals during rapid infiltration: Implications for managed recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156439. [PMID: 35660593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present results from a series of plot-scale field experiments to quantify physical infiltration dynamics and the influence of adding a carbon-rich, permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the cycling of nitrogen and associated trace metals during rapid infiltration for managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Recent studies suggest that adding a bio-available carbon source to soils can enhance denitrification rates and associated N load reduction during moderate-to-rapid infiltration (≤1 m/day). We examined the potential for N removal during faster infiltration (>1 m/day), through coarse and carbon-poor soils, and how adding a carbon-rich PRB (wood chips) affects subsurface redox conditions and trace metal mobilization. During rapid infiltration, plots amended with a carbon-rich PRB generally demonstrated modest increases in subsurface loads of dissolved organic carbon, nitrite, manganese and iron, decreases in loads of nitrate and ammonium, and variable changes in arsenic. These trends differed considerably from those seen during infiltration through native soil without a carbon-rich PRB. Use of a carbon-rich soil amendment increased the fraction of dissolved N species that was removed at equivalent inflowing N loads. There is evidence that N removal took place primarily via denitrification. Shifts in microbial ecology following infiltration in all of the plots included increases in the relative abundances of microbes in the families Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Methylophilaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Sphingomonadaceae, all of which contain genera capable of carrying out denitrification. These results, in combination with studies that have tested other soil types, flow rates, and system scales, show how water quality can be improved during infiltration for managed recharge, even during rapid infiltration, with a carbon-rich soil amendment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pensky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
| | - Andrew T Fisher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Galen Gorski
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Nicole Schrad
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Hannah Dailey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Sarah Beganskas
- Water Resource Management, Delaware River Basin Commission, West Trenton, NJ 08628, United States
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Visser AN, Wankel SD, Frey C, Kappler A, Lehmann MF. Unchanged nitrate and nitrite isotope fractionation during heterotrophic and Fe(II)-mixotrophic denitrification suggest a non-enzymatic link between denitrification and Fe(II) oxidation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927475. [PMID: 36118224 PMCID: PMC9478938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-abundance measurements of nitrate and nitrite (NOx) isotope ratios (δ15N and δ18O) can be a valuable tool to study the biogeochemical fate of NOx species in the environment. A prerequisite for using NOx isotopes in this regard is an understanding of the mechanistic details of isotope fractionation (15ε, 18ε) associated with the biotic and abiotic NOx transformation processes involved (e.g., denitrification). However, possible impacts on isotope fractionation resulting from changing growth conditions during denitrification, different carbon substrates, or simply the presence of compounds that may be involved in NOx reduction as co-substrates [e.g., Fe(II)] remain uncertain. Here we investigated whether the type of organic substrate, i.e., short-chained organic acids, and the presence/absence of Fe(II) (mixotrophic vs. heterotrophic growth conditions) affect N and O isotope fractionation dynamics during nitrate (NO3–) and nitrite (NO2–) reduction in laboratory experiments with three strains of putative nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria and one canonical denitrifier. Our results revealed that 15ε and 18ε values obtained for heterotrophic (15ε-NO3–: 17.6 ± 2.8‰, 18ε-NO3–:18.1 ± 2.5‰; 15ε-NO2–: 14.4 ± 3.2‰) vs. mixotrophic (15ε-NO3–: 20.2 ± 1.4‰, 18ε-NO3–: 19.5 ± 1.5‰; 15ε-NO2–: 16.1 ± 1.4‰) growth conditions are very similar and fall within the range previously reported for classical heterotrophic denitrification. Moreover, availability of different short-chain organic acids (succinate vs. acetate), while slightly affecting the NOx reduction dynamics, did not produce distinct differences in N and O isotope effects. N isotope fractionation in abiotic controls, although exhibiting fluctuating results, even expressed transient inverse isotope dynamics (15ε-NO2–: –12.4 ± 1.3 ‰). These findings imply that neither the mechanisms ordaining cellular uptake of short-chain organic acids nor the presence of Fe(II) seem to systematically impact the overall N and O isotope effect during NOx reduction. The similar isotope effects detected during mixotrophic and heterotrophic NOx reduction, as well as the results obtained from the abiotic controls, may not only imply that the enzymatic control of NOx reduction in putative NDFeOx bacteria is decoupled from Fe(II) oxidation, but also that Fe(II) oxidation is indirectly driven by biologically (i.e., via organic compounds) or abiotically (catalysis via reactive surfaces) mediated processes co-occurring during heterotrophic denitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Neva Visser
- Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Anna-Neva Visser,
| | - Scott D. Wankel
- Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Frey
- Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Moritz F. Lehmann
- Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
- Moritz F. Lehmann,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aharoni I, Dahan O, Siebner H. Continuous monitoring of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) transformations along the waste-vadose zone - groundwater path of an uncontrolled landfill, using multiple N-species isotopic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118508. [PMID: 35533620 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates contain a heavy load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), posing a threat to water resources. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the processes that control its evolution (speciation, accumulation, or attenuation) during the percolation of leachates through the unsaturated zone, finally affecting the groundwater. However, tracking DIN transformations in this complex and inaccessible environment is challenging, and knowledge concerning this important topic under field conditions is scarce. The presented study used a unique monitoring system that allows sampling of repetitive samples from within the waste and the unsaturated zone. An array of 8 wells penetrating the underlying aquifer completed the spatial observation. Multiple N-species isotopic approach was applied to discern the dominating N-involving processes over the continuum - from the waste mound through the unsaturated zone and the underlying aquifer. Despite the considerable heterogeneity observed throughout the profile, the results provided a cohesive and valuable reflection of the evolution of the inorganic nitrogen pool in this highly contaminated environment. Leachates inside the waste had reducing characteristics with high accumulation of ammonium (up to 360 mg/l NH4+-N), and a distinct δ15N-NH4+ range (-3‰ to +10‰). The upper layers of the unsaturated zone underneath the landfill margins found to be aerated, promoting N oxidation which resulted in the accumulation of nitrate in the leachates (up to 490 mg/l NO3-N). Exceptionally high concentrations of nitrite (up to 126 mg/l NO2-N) were found as oxygen levels decreased in deeper sections of the vadose zone. Enrichment of δ15N-NO2- compared to δ15N-NO3- indicated the significance of autotropic nitrite reduction, controlling the DIN composition, correlated with NO2- accumulation and net DIN attenuation. The δ15N: δ18O ratio implied co-occurrence of denitrification in the leachates, even in the more oxidized sections, further contributing to N-attenuation in the unsaturated zone. In the aquifer, δ15N-NH4+ values and δ15N: δ18O ratio linked N contamination to the leachates source. The encounter with the oxidized groundwater promoted intensive nitrification. δ15N-NO2- values in the groundwater were lighter than both δ15N-NH4+ and δ15N-NO3- by 22‰ to 62‰, implying the co-occurrence of nitrification-denitrification processes. The effect of denitrification grew with decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) levels below 0.5 mg/l towards the center of the plume, contributing to net DIN attenuation in the plume. The findings are significant for any consideration of the risk posed by DIN, as well as remediation measures, in a landfill environment and other sites with a heavy load of degrading organic matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imri Aharoni
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
| | - Ofer Dahan
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Hagar Siebner
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miller AZ, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Coutinho ML, Gazquez F, Palma V, Sauro F, Pereira MF, Rull F, Toulkeridis T, Caldeira AT, Forti P, Calaforra JM. Organic geochemistry and mineralogy suggest anthropogenic impact in speleothem chemistry from volcanic show caves of the Galapagos. iScience 2022; 25:104556. [PMID: 35789844 PMCID: PMC9250005 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The network of lava tubes is one of the most unexploited natural wonders of the Galapagos Islands. Here, we provide the first morphological, mineralogical, and biogeochemical assessment of speleothems from volcanic caves of the Galapagos to understand their structure, composition, and origin, as well as to identify organic molecules preserved in speleothems. Mineralogical analyses revealed that moonmilk and coralloid speleothems from Bellavista and Royal Palm Caves were composed of calcite, opal-A, and minor amounts of clay minerals. Extracellular polymeric substances, fossilized bacteria, silica microspheres, and cell imprints on siliceous minerals evidenced microbe-mineral interactions and biologically-mediated silica precipitation. Alternating depositional layers between siliceous and carbonate minerals and the detection of biomarkers of surface vegetation and anthropogenic stressors indicated environmental and anthropogenic changes (agriculture, human waste, and cave visits) on these unique underground resources. Stable isotope analysis and Py-GC/MS were key to robustly identify biomarkers, allowing for implementation of future protection policies. Speleothems from lava tubes of Galapagos are archives of anthropogenic stressors Moonmilk and coralloids are composed of calcite, opal-A, and clay minerals Microbe-mineral interactions promote mineral dissolution and precipitation Biomarkers of surface vegetation and anthropogenic impacts detected by Py-GC/MS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z. Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Corresponding author
| | - Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Gazquez
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Andalusian Centre for the Monitoring and Assessment of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Vera Palma
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Francesco Sauro
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Rull
- CSIC-CAB Associated Unit ERICA, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Valladolid, Boecillo, Spain
| | | | | | - Paolo Forti
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Geology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - José M. Calaforra
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Andalusian Centre for the Monitoring and Assessment of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Harris SJ, Cendón DI, Hankin SI, Peterson MA, Xiao S, Kelly BFJ. Isotopic evidence for nitrate sources and controls on denitrification in groundwater beneath an irrigated agricultural district. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152606. [PMID: 35007575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of N fertilisers to enhance crop yield is common throughout the world. Many crops have historically been, or are still, fertilised with N in excess of the crop requirements. A portion of the excess N is transported into underlying aquifers in the form of NO3-, which is potentially discharged to surface waters. Denitrification can reduce the severity of NO3- export from groundwater. We sought to understand the occurrence and hydrogeochemical controls on denitrification in NO3--rich aquifers beneath the Emerald Irrigation Area (EIA), Queensland, Australia, a region of extensive cotton and cereal production. Multiple stable isotope (in H2O, NO3-, DIC, DOC and SO42-) and radioactive isotope (3H and 36Cl) tracers were used to develop a conceptual N process model. Fertiliser-derived N is likely incorporated and retained in the soil organic N pool prior to its mineralisation, nitrification, and migration into aquifers. This process, alongside the near absence of other anthropogenic N sources, results in a homogenised groundwater NO3- isotopic signature that allows for denitrification trends to be distinguished. Regional-scale denitrification manifests as groundwater becomes increasingly anaerobic during flow from an upgradient basalt aquifer to a downgradient alluvial aquifer. Dilution and denitrification occurs in localised electron donor-rich suboxic hyporheic zones beneath leaking irrigation channels. Using approximated isotope enrichment factors, estimates of regional-scale NO3- removal ranges from 22 to 93% (average: 63%), and from 57 to 91% (average: 79%) beneath leaking irrigation channels. In the predominantly oxic upgradient basalt aquifer, raised groundwater tables create pathways for NO3- to be transported to adjacent surface waters. In the alluvial aquifer, the transfer of NO3- is limited both physically (through groundwater-surface water disconnection) and chemically (through denitrification). These observations underscore the need to understand regional- and local-scale hydrogeological processes when assessing the impacts of groundwater NO3- on adjacent and end of system ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Harris
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Dioni I Cendón
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.
| | - Stuart I Hankin
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Mark A Peterson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Shuang Xiao
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Bryce F J Kelly
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shen J, Zerkle AL, Claire MW. Nitrogen Cycling and Biosignatures in a Hyperarid Mars Analog Environment. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:127-142. [PMID: 34652219 PMCID: PMC8861911 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hyperarid Atacama Desert is a unique Mars-analog environment with a large near-surface soil nitrate reservoir due to the lack of rainfall leaching for millennia. We investigated nitrogen (N) cycling and organic matter dynamics in this nitrate-rich terrestrial environment by analyzing the concentrations and isotopic compositions of nitrate, organic C, and organic N, coupled with microbial pathway-enzyme inferences, across a naturally occurring rainfall gradient. Nitrate deposits in sites with an annual precipitation of <10 mm carry atmospheric δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O signatures, while these values are overprinted by biological cycling in sites with >15 mm annual precipitation. Metagenomic analyses suggest that the Atacama Desert harbors a unique biological nitrogen cycle driven by nitrifier denitrification, nitric oxide dioxygenase-driven alternative nitrification, and organic N loss pathways. Nitrate assimilation is the only nitrate consumption pathway available in the driest sites, although some hyperarid sites also support organisms with ammonia lyase- and nitric oxide synthase-driven organic N loss. Nitrifier denitrification is enhanced in the "transition zone" desert environments, which are generally hyperarid but see occasional large rainfall events, and shifts to nitric oxide dioxygenase-driven alternative nitrifications in wetter arid sites. Since extremophilic microorganisms tend to exploit all reachable nutrients, both N and O isotope fractionations during N transformations are reduced. These results suggest that N cycling on the more recent dry Mars might be dominated by nitrate assimilation that cycles atmospheric nitrate and exchanges water O during intermittent wetting, resulting stable isotope biosignatures could shift away from martian atmospheric nitrate endmember. Early wetter Mars could nurture putative life that metabolized nitrate with traceable paleoenvironmental isotopic markers similar to microbial denitrification and nitrification stored in deep subsurface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Shen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Jianxun Shen, Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St Andrews KY16 9AL, United Kingdom, USA
| | - Aubrey L. Zerkle
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Claire
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wong WW, Cartwright I, Poh SC, Cook P. Sources and cycling of nitrogen revealed by stable isotopes in a highly populated large temperate coastal embayment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150408. [PMID: 34571224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of nitrogen sources and cycling processes is critical to the management of nitrogen pollution. Here, we used both stable (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NH4+) and radiogenic (222Rn) isotopes together with nitrogen concentrations to evaluate the relative importance of point (i.e. sewage) and diffuse sources (i.e. agricultural-derived NO3- from groundwater, drains and creeks) in driving nitrogen dynamic in a shallow coastal embayment, Port Phillip Bay (PPB) in Victoria, Australia. This study is an exemplar of nitrogen-limited coastal systems around the world where nitrogen contamination is prevalent and where constraining it may be challenging. In addition to surrounding land use, we found that the distributions of NO3- and NH4+ in the bay were closely linked to the presence of drift algae. Highest NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were 315 μmol L-1 and 2140 μmol L-1, respectively. Based on the isotopic signatures of NO3- (δ15N: 0.17 to 21‰; δ18O: 3 to 26‰) and NH4+ (δ15N: 30 to 39‰) in PPB, the high nitrogen concentrations were attributed to three major sources which varied between winter and summer; (1) nitrified sewage effluent and drift algae derived NH4+ mainly during winter, (2) NO3- mixture from atmospheric deposition, drains and creeks predominantly observed during summer and (3) groundwater and sewage derived NO3- during both surveys. The isotopic composition of NO3- also suggested the removal of agriculture-derived NO3- through denitrification was prevalent during transport. This study highlights the role of terrestrial-coastal interactions on nitrogen dynamics and illustrates the importance of submarine groundwater discharge as a prominent pathway of diffuse NO3- inputs. Quantifying the relative contributions of multiple NO3- input pathways, however, require more extensive efforts and is an important avenue for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen Wong
- Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Ian Cartwright
- School of Earth, Atmopsheric and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Seng Chee Poh
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Perran Cook
- Water Studies, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Beman JM, Vargas SM, Wilson JM, Perez-Coronel E, Karolewski JS, Vazquez S, Yu A, Cairo AE, White ME, Koester I, Aluwihare LI, Wankel SD. Substantial oxygen consumption by aerobic nitrite oxidation in oceanic oxygen minimum zones. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7043. [PMID: 34857761 PMCID: PMC8639706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are globally significant sites of biogeochemical cycling where microorganisms deplete dissolved oxygen (DO) to concentrations <20 µM. Amid intense competition for DO in these metabolically challenging environments, aerobic nitrite oxidation may consume significant amounts of DO and help maintain low DO concentrations, but this remains unquantified. Using parallel measurements of oxygen consumption rates and 15N-nitrite oxidation rates applied to both water column profiles and oxygen manipulation experiments, we show that the contribution of nitrite oxidation to overall DO consumption systematically increases as DO declines below 2 µM. Nitrite oxidation can account for all DO consumption only under DO concentrations <393 nM found in and below the secondary chlorophyll maximum. These patterns are consistent across sampling stations and experiments, reflecting coupling between nitrate reduction and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina with high oxygen affinity (based on isotopic and omic data). Collectively our results demonstrate that nitrite oxidation plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and biogeochemical dynamics of OMZs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Beman
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - S. M. Vargas
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - J. M. Wilson
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - E. Perez-Coronel
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - J. S. Karolewski
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - S. Vazquez
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - A. Yu
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - A. E. Cairo
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - M. E. White
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - I. Koester
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - L. I. Aluwihare
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S. D. Wankel
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xiong Y, Du Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Li D, Sun X, Liu G, Wang Y. Contrasting sources and fate of nitrogen compounds in different groundwater systems in the Central Yangtze River Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118119. [PMID: 34523528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although groundwater nitrogen pollution has been widely studied, the control of hydrogeological conditions on behavior of nitrogen compounds has been poorly understood. In this study, multiple stable isotopes (N/C/H/O), spectral characteristics of DOM coupled with water chemistry were used to reveal the sources and fate of nitrate and ammonium in three subareas with different hydrogeological conditions in the Central Yangtze River Basin. We identified three contrasting patterns of nitrogen sources and fate in groundwater controlled by different aquifer features. In a reducing porous aquifer mainly composed of carbonate minerals overlain by a thick low-permeability layer, the NH4-N concentration is high (mean 4.12 mg/L) but with quite low NO3-N concentration (mean 0.28 mg/L). The high ammonium is mainly from intense degradation of organic matter (OM), while denitrification at a higher rate results in nitrate removal. Feammox may be favored owing to abundant humics acting as the electron shuttle. In a weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mainly composed of aluminosilicate minerals overlain by a varying thickness of low-permeability layer, high ammonium occurs in a weakly reducing condition and is affected by both anthropogenic input and OM degradation, while high nitrate occurs in a more oxidizing condition and could be mainly from soil nitrogen, manure or sewage. Feammox may be also favored due to more acidic environment formed by weathering of aluminosilicate minerals, fluctuating redox condition and low abundance of labile organic carbon, while denitrification occurs at a slower rate coupled with concurrent re-oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. In an oxidizing porous - fissured aquifer system overlain by a thin low-permeability layer, the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate are both low, possibly due to strong hydrodynamic and flushing condition, although slightly higher concentration of nitrate exhibit similar sources and fate with the weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Dian Li
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangning Liu
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu H, Zeng W, Zhan M, Fan Z, Li J, Peng Y. Nitrogen removal performance of sulfur autotrophic denitrification under different S 2O 32- additions using isotopic fractionation of nitrogen and oxygen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148794. [PMID: 34323755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dual isotope fractionation of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) is an effective way to track the transformation of NO3--N in biological denitrification process. The Sulfur autotrophic denitrification combined with the different concentrations of S2O32- was investigated using the dual isotope fractionation of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) to reveal the nitrogen removal mechanism of the activated sludge. Based on successful autotrophic denitrification incubation, the modified Logistic model responded to the short-term effects of S2O32- addition on NO3--N removal and SO42- generation. Under the S2O32- addition of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 times of the incubation stage (49.29 mg/L-394.32 mg/L), the fractionation effect of N in NO3--N (15εNO3) decreased from 8.74 ± 1.81‰ to 2.08 ± 0.06‰, and the fractionation effect of O in NO3--N (18εNO3) declined from 11.34 ± 0.46‰ to 5.48 ± 0.46‰. The 15εNO3/18εNO3 was maintained at 0.46-0.94, indicating a negative correlation between addition amount and isotope effect, and the addition of high concentrations of S2O32- was not suitable for system stabilization. Moreover, the 18O-labeled H2O (δ18OH2O) tests significantly proved the presence of O exchange between NO2--N/NO3--N and H2O (67%/97%) during the nitrogen removal process, while the reoxidation of NO2--N was explored in the autotrophic denitrification. The kinetic models coupled with isotope fractionation effectively revealed the nitrogen removal characteristics in the autotrophic denitrification systems, and verified the difference between the activated sludge-based wastewater treatment process and the natural ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Mengjia Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao S, Fei Y, Tian X, Cui X, Zhang X, Yuan R, Li Y. Determining the origin and fate of nitrate in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, using environmental isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48343-48361. [PMID: 33907952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sources of nitrate contamination has been a long-term challenge in areas with different land uses. We investigated the biogeochemical processes and quantified the contribution of potential nitrate sources in the Nanyang Basin, the source area of the South to North Water Diversion Project in China. Hydrogeochemical characteristics, the dual-isotope method (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), and the Bayesian mixing model (SIAR) were combined. The results for 160 samples indicated that mean nitrate concentrations of residential area (162.83 mg L-1) and farmland (75.71 mg L-1) were higher compared with those of surface water (16.15 mg L-1) and forest (36.25 mg L-1). Hydrochemical facies and molar ratios of major ions indicated that the natural environment was greatly impacted by anthropogenic activities. Nitrification, ammonium volatilization, and mixing effects were the dominant processes in nitrogen transformation. The contributions of different sources to nitrate contamination were 45.41%, 35.81%, 17.87%, and 0.91% for sewage and manure, soil organic nitrogen, synthetic fertilizer, and atmospheric deposition, respectively. Undeveloped infrastructure and sewage disposal in rural areas were the main causes of nitrate contamination. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the development of measures to guarantee long-term water supply of the South to North Water Diversion Project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Cao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuhong Fei
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Cui
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, No.256, North Zhonghua Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Petelet-Giraud E, Baran N, Vergnaud-Ayraud V, Portal A, Michel C, Joulian C, Lucassou F. Elucidating heterogeneous nitrate contamination in a small basement aquifer. A multidisciplinary approach: NO 3 isotopes, CFCs-SF6, microbiological activity, geophysics and hydrogeology. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 241:103813. [PMID: 33906024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination of groundwater remains a major concern despite all the measures and efforts undertaken over the last decades to protect water resources. We focused on a small catchment in Brittany (France) facing nitrate pollution with concentrations over the European drinking water standard of 50 mg.L-1. This is a common situation in catchments where - supposedly effective - measures were applied for reducing the transfer of N to groundwater. At the scale of this small (~100 ha) basement aquifer, nitrate concentrations are very heterogeneous in the groundwater, sampled up to 15-20 m below the soil surface in several observation wells (hereafter referred as piezometers) and up to 110 m deep in a borehole drilled through a faulted area near the Spring (outlet of the catchment). We used complementary and robust approaches for exploring and constraining the driving parameters of nitrate transfer and distribution in groundwater. Detailed geological work and a geophysical electrical resistivity tomography survey identified the lithologies, tectonic structures and weathering layers. This highlighted a complex geological structure with several compartments delimited by faults, as well as the highly variable thickness of the weathered layer. It also illustrated the heterogeneity of the hydrosystem, some compartments appearing to be disconnected from the general groundwater flow. This was confirmed by geochemical analyses and by the mean apparent groundwater residence time based on CFCs-SF6 and noble-gas analyses, locally revealing old and nitrate-free groundwater, and very old water with a recharge temperature below than the current average temperature in the area, reflecting water dating back to the last period of glaciation (-19 to -17 ky). Nitrate isotopes clearly showed denitrification processes in a few piezometers, which was generally supported by microbiology and molecular biology results. This highlighted the presence of functional genes involved in denitrification as well as a capacity of the groundwater microbial community to denitrify when in situ conditions are favourable. This type of combined approach - covering chemistry, isotopic methods, dissolved gases, microbiological activity, geophysics and hydrogeology - appears to be indispensable for implementing the most relevant programme of measures and for accurately assessing their effectiveness, notably by considering the timeframe between implementation of the measures and their impact on groundwater quality.
Collapse
|
37
|
Asamoto CK, Rempfert KR, Luu VH, Younkin AD, Kopf SH. Enzyme-Specific Coupling of Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation of the Nap and Nar Nitrate Reductases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5537-5546. [PMID: 33687201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNR) to nitrite is the first step in denitrification, the main process through which bioavailable nitrogen is removed from ecosystems. DNR is catalyzed by both cytosolic (Nar) and periplasmic (Nap) nitrate reductases and fractionates the stable isotopes of nitrogen (14N, 15N) and oxygen (16O, 18O), which is reflected in residual environmental nitrate pools. Data on the relationship between the pattern in oxygen vs nitrogen isotope fractionation (18ε/15ε) suggests that systematic differences exist between marine and terrestrial ecosystems that are not fully understood. We examined the 18ε/15ε of nitrate-reducing microorganisms that encode Nar, Nap, or both enzymes, as well as gene deletion mutants of Nar and Nap to test the hypothesis that enzymatic differences alone could explain the environmental observations. We find that the distribution of 18ε/15ε fractionation ratios of all examined nitrate reductases forms two distinct peaks centered around an 18ε/15ε proportionality of 0.55 (Nap) and 0.91 (Nar), with the notable exception of the Bacillus Nar reductases, which cluster isotopically with the Nap reductases. Our findings may explain differences in 18ε/15ε fractionation between marine and terrestrial systems and challenge current knowledge about Nar 18ε/15ε signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara K Asamoto
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kaitlin R Rempfert
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Victoria H Luu
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Adam D Younkin
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sebastian H Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Grabb KC, Ding S, Ning X, Liu SM, Qian B. Characterizing the impact of Three Gorges Dam on the Changjiang (Yangtze River): A story of nitrogen biogeochemical cycling through the lens of nitrogen stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110759. [PMID: 33497682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The alterations of nitrogen sources and cycling within the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) and downstream the Changjiang were investigated to understand the impacts of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and anthropogenic inputs from the associated watershed. Water samples collected in October 2016 were analyzed for hydrologic parameters, nutrient concentrations, and stable isotopes of nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) and particulate matter. Nitrate dual stable isotope values ranged from +5.8‰ to +7.1‰ and -1.9‰ to +0.4‰ for δ15N and δ18O, respectively. δ15N values in particulate nitrogen (PN) ranged from +0.5‰ to +8.5‰, with slightly lower values before the dam. δ15N-NH4+ values ranged between +10.5‰ and +19.4‰, likely reflecting the presence of ammonium assimilation throughout the TGR. The contribution of different nitrogen sources was calculated using a Bayesian mixing model. These sources, including soil organic nitrogen, ammonium fertilizer, and sewage effluent, contributed to elevated DIN concentrations within the TGR (83.2 μM-178.5 μM). The construction of the dam has also likely induced changes in the river environment such as ammonium assimilation in the surface waters and nitrification and/or remineralization within the deep waters of the TGR. Overall, during this investigation period, the TGR acted as a sink of PN (retaining 29%), yet negligibly influenced levels of TDN with ~96.5% of TDN exported to the downstream Changjiang and estuary. It is important to understand the long-term impacts of the TGD on the ecological environment of the Changjiang. This study highlights the influence that anthropogenic nitrogen sources have on the natural biogeochemical cycling within the TGR, showing the urgent need to reduce anthropogenic nitrogen pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina C Grabb
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Shuai Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ning
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Bao Qian
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang H, Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhao T, Xu Z. Climatic and anthropogenic driving forces of the nitrogen cycling in a subtropical river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110721. [PMID: 33421426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, basin-scale understanding of nitrogen (N) cycling is lacking, which undermines riverine N pollution control efforts. Applying a multiple-isotopic approach, this study provided insights into the impacts of climate and anthropogenic activities on the N cycling at a basin scale. The isotopic compositions of the river water were regulated by a simple mixing process in winter, while unconservative processes (nitrification and denitrification) occurred in warm seasons. Denitrification dominated the N transformations in summer, while coupled nitrification-denitrification in soils after fertilization was responsible for the isotopic fractionations in spring and autumn. While at least 58.7% of the nitrate (NO3-) was removed from the basin, the NO3- loadings in the river remained high, suggesting that the ecosystem services could not balance the anthropogenic pollution. After correcting the isotopic fractionations, the sources of the riverine NO3- were quantified by a Markov chain Monte Carlo isotope mixing model. The contributions of point sources versus non-point sources changed dynamically with the precipitation and fertilization patterns. In summer and autumn, the soil organic N and chemical fertilizer dominated the riverine NO3-, with total contributions of 75.9% and 74.6%, respectively. The contributions from sewage and manure significantly increased during spring (47.9%) and winter (50.2%). Overall, the annual NO3- fluxes were from SON (28.7%), CF (28.1%), DS (18.2%), MA (23.9%), and AP (1.1%). In addition, we presented the large uncertainties in source apportionment that arose from the ignorance of isotope fractionations, highlighting the importance of considering the effect of isotopic fractionations in N source apportionment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tracing plant–environment interactions from organismal to planetary scales using stable isotopes: a mini review. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:301-316. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural isotope variation forms a mosaic of isotopically distinct pools across the biosphere and flows between pools integrate plant ecology with global biogeochemical cycling. Carbon, nitrogen, and water isotopic ratios (among others) can be measured in plant tissues, at root and foliar interfaces, and in adjacent atmospheric, water, and soil environments. Natural abundance isotopes provide ecological insight to complement and enhance biogeochemical research, such as understanding the physiological conditions during photosynthetic assimilation (e.g. water stress) or the contribution of unusual plant water or nutrient sources (e.g. fog, foliar deposition). While foundational concepts and methods have endured through four decades of research, technological improvements that enable measurement at fine spatiotemporal scales, of multiple isotopes, and of isotopomers, are advancing the field of stable isotope ecology. For example, isotope studies now benefit from the maturation of field-portable infrared spectroscopy, which allows the exploration of plant–environment sensitivity at physiological timescales. Isotope ecology is also benefiting from, and contributing to, new understanding of the plant–soil–atmosphere system, such as improving the representation of soil carbon pools and turnover in land surface models. At larger Earth-system scales, a maturing global coverage of isotope data and new data from site networks offer exciting synthesis opportunities to merge the insights of single-or multi-isotope analysis with ecosystem and remote sensing data in a data-driven modeling framework, to create geospatial isotope products essential for studies of global environmental change.
Collapse
|
41
|
Douglas AR, Murgulet D, Montagna PA. Hydroclimatic variability drives submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in an anthropogenically disturbed, semi-arid estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142574. [PMID: 33069908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient budgets in semi-arid estuaries, with ephemeral freshwater inflows and limited nutrient sources, are likely incomplete if contributions from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are not included. Here, the relative importance of saline/recirculated SGD-derived nutrient fluxes spatiotemporal variability to the overall nutrient budget is quantified for Nueces Bay, Texas, U.S.A., across hydroclimatic conditions ranging from drought to normal, to flood. On average, 67% of the variance in water quality is due to temporal differences while 16% is explained by spatial differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals three principal components: freshwater inflow (PC1 28.8%), saline/recirculated SGD and recycled nitrogen (PC2 15.6%), and total SGD and "new" nitrogen (PC3 11.2%). Total SGD porewater fluxes ranged from 29.9-690.3 mmol∙m-2d-1 for ammonium, 0.21-18.7 mmol∙m-2d-1 for nitrite+nitrate, 3.1-51.3 mmol∙m-2d-1 for phosphate, 57.1-719.7 mmol∙m-2d-1 for silicate, and 95.9-36,838.5 mmol∙m-2d-1 for dissolved organic carbon. Total and saline/recirculated SGD fluxes were on average 150-26,000 and 5.8-466 times, respectively, greater than surface runoff fluxes across all seasons. Nitrogen (N) enrichment in porewater occurs near the agricultural fields because of soil N flushing and percolation to groundwater, which facilitates N-rich groundwater fluxes. There were substantial "new" N inputs from terrestrial groundwater following precipitation while saline/recirculated SGD of recycled N accounts for only <4% of total SGD inputs. The "new" N inputs occur in the river and river mouth during flooding, and near the north shore where topography and hydraulic gradients are steeper during drought. Thus, while significant inputs of N may be associated with atmospheric deposition, or remineralization in the porewater, groundwater is the highest contributor to the nutrient budget in Nueces Bay. This result implies that nutrient management strategies should focus on land-use practices to reduce N contamination of shallow groundwater and subsequent contamination of estuaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Douglas
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Dorina Murgulet
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
| | - Paul A Montagna
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kobayashi K, Fukushima K, Onishi Y, Nishina K, Makabe A, Yano M, Wankel SD, Koba K, Okabe S. Influence of δ 18 O of water on measurements of δ 18 O of nitrite and nitrate. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8979. [PMID: 33053236 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2 - and NO3 - by the azide method and denitrifier method are sensitive to the δ18 O value of the sample water. However, the influence of δ18 OH2O on those measurements has not been quantitatively evaluated and documented so far. Therefore, we investigated the influence of δ18 OH2O of a sample on the δ18 O analysis of NO2 - and NO3 - . METHODS We prepared NO2 - and NO3 - standards (with known δ18 ONO2- and δ18 ONO3- values) dissolved in waters having different δ18 OH2O values (δ18 OH2O = -12.6, 25.9, 56.7, and 110.1‰). Nitrite and nitrate were converted into N2 O using the azide method and the denitrifier method, respectively. The isotope ratios of the generated N2 O were measured with a Sercon purge-and-trap gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (PT-GC/IRMS) system. The measured δ18 O values of the produced N2 O were plotted against known δ18 ONO2- and δ18 ONO3- values to evaluate the influence of exchange of an oxygen atom with H2 O during the conversion of NO2 - into N2 O and NO3 - into N2 O, respectively. RESULTS The degree of oxygen isotope exchange was 10.8 ± 0.3% in the azide method and 5.5 ± 1.0% in the denitrifier method, indicating that the azide method is more susceptible to artifacts arising from differences in the δ18 OH2O value of water than the denitrifier method. Thus, the intercept of the standard calibration curve must be corrected to account for differences in δ18 OH2O . Abiotic NO2 -H2 O equilibrium isotope effect experiments yielded a rate constant of (1.13 ± 007) × 10-2 (h-1 ) and an equilibrium isotope effect of 11.9 ± 0.1‰ under the condition of pH = 7.5, 30°C, and 2.5% salinity. CONCLUSIONS Oxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2 - by the azide method are highly sensitive to δ18 OH2O as a result of significant oxygen isotope exchange between NO2 - and H2 O. Therefore, to obtain the most accurate measurements water with the same δ18 OH2O value as that of the sample must be used to make the NO2 - and NO3 - standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukushima
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yuji Onishi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishina
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akiko Makabe
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Midori Yano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Scott D Wankel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhong X, Yan M, Ning X, Yan Z, Xin Y. Nitrate processing traced by nitrate dual isotopic composition in the early spring in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent shelf areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111699. [PMID: 33022495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is the major chemical form of N-nutrient to sustain primary production in Changjiang Estuary and adjacent seawaters. We employed δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- to constrain the source, cycling, and sink of nitrate in early spring. Both δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- differentiate significantly among Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC), and Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). In coastal areas, nitrate distribution and its isotopes are mainly affected by Changjiang inputs. Chemical fertilizers and sewage & manure originated nitrate jointly contribute the most nitrate in CDW. In offshore areas, nitrification contributes 44 ± 21% of the nitrate in YSCC and 17 ± 16% in TWC; assimilation is the dominant process to remove nitrate in TWC (35 ± 16%). Overall, nitrification and assimilation are the key nitrate cycling processes in early spring and co-shape the offshore distribution pattern of nitrate and its dual isotopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Maojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ning
- Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kotajima S, Koba K, Ikeda D, Terada A, Isaka K, Nishina K, Kimura Y, Makabe A, Yano M, Fujitani H, Ushiki N, Tsuneda S, Yoh M. Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Signatures of Nitrogen Compounds during Anammox in the Laboratory and a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 33162466 PMCID: PMC7734408 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopic fractionation factors against 15N and 18O during anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidization by nitrite) are critical for evaluating the importance of this process in natural environments. We performed batch incubation experiments with an anammox-dominated biomass to investigate nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic fractionation factors during anammox and also examined apparent isotope fractionation factors during anammox in an actual wastewater treatment plant. We conducted one incubation experiment with high δ18O of water to investigate the effects of water δ18O. The N isotopic fractionation factors estimated from incubation experiments and the wastewater treatment plant were similar to previous values. We also found that the N isotopic effect (15εNXR of -77.8 to -65.9‰ and 15ΔNXR of -31.3 to -30.4‰) and possibly O isotopic effect (18εNXR of -20.6‰) for anaerobic nitrite oxidation to nitrate were inverse. We applied the estimated isotopic fractionation factors to the ordinary differential equation model to clarify whether anammox induces deviations in the δ18O vs δ15N of nitrate from a linear trajectory of 1, similar to heterotrophic denitrification. Although this deviation has been attributed to nitrite oxidation, the O isotopic fractionation factor for anammox is crucial for obtaining a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling this deviation. In our model, anammox induced the trajectory of the δ18O vs δ15N of nitrate during denitrification to less than one, which strongly indicates that this deviation is evidence of nitrite oxidation by anammox under denitrifying conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotoku Kotajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University.,Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Daisuke Ikeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kazuichi Isaka
- Hitachi, Ltd.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
| | - Kazuya Nishina
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute of Environmental Sciences
| | | | - Akiko Makabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Project Team for Development of New-generation Research Protocol for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.,Present address: Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
| | - Midori Yano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University
| | - Hirotsugu Fujitani
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University.,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
| | - Norisuke Ushiki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University
| | - Muneoki Yoh
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wild LM, Rein A, Einsiedl F. Monte Carlo Simulations as a Decision Support to Interpret δ 15 N Values of Nitrate in Groundwater. GROUND WATER 2020; 58:571-582. [PMID: 31432513 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intense farming is often associated with the excessive use of manure or fertilizers and the subsequent deterioration of the groundwater quality in many aquifers worldwide. Stable isotopes of dissolved nitrate (δ15 N and δ18 O) are widely used to determine sources of nitrate contamination and denitrification processes in groundwater but are often difficult to interpret. Thus, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for a site in lower Bavaria, Germany, in order to explain δ15 N observations in a porous groundwater system with two aquifers, the main aquifer (MA) and several smaller perched aquifers (PA). For evaluating potential contributions, frequency distributions of δ15 N were simulated deriving from (I) the mixing of different nitrate sources, related to land use, as input to groundwater, combined with (II) transport of nitrate in groundwater and (III) microbial denitrification. Simulation results indicate a source-driven isotopic shift to heavier δ15 N values of nitrate in groundwater, which may be explained by land use changes toward a more intensified agriculture releasing high amounts of manure. Microbial denitrification may play a role in the PA, with simulated δ15 N distributions close to the observations. Denitrification processes are however unlikely for the MA, as reasonable simulation curve fits for such a scenario were obtained predominantly for unrealistic portions of nitrate sources and related land use. The applied approach can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the influence of different potential contributions, which might mask each other due to overlapping δ15 N ranges, and it can support the estimation of nitrate input related to land use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Wild
- Chair of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arno Rein
- Chair of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jiang H, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhou L, Zhou X, Pan K, Zhao T, Wang Y, Xu Z. Spatiotemporal variations of nitrate sources and dynamics in a typical agricultural riverine system under monsoon climate. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 93:98-108. [PMID: 32446463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution is a serious environmental issue in the Danjiangkou Reservoir region (DRR), the water source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China. In this research, seasonal surveys and a bi-weekly time series survey were conducted in the Qihe River Basin, one of the most densely populated agricultural basins in the DRR. Hydrochemical compositions (NO3- and Cl-), dual isotopes (δD-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3-), and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo isotope mixing model were jointly applied to unravel the sources, migrations, and transformations of the nitrate (NO3-) in the basin. It was revealed that the mixing between different sources was the main process controlling the isotopic compositions of the riverine NO3- in the upper-middle reaches. In contrast, denitrification occurred in the lower reaches. For the first time, the sources of NO3- were quantified at a basin scale in the DRR. Overall, the river transported 484.2 tons/year of NO3-N to the reservoir, of which 32.6%, 36.4%, 28.0%, and 3.0% was from soil organic nitrogen, chemical fertilizer, residential sewage and atmospheric precipitation, respectively. The NO3-N fluxes of the different sources were regulated by the monsoon climate and anthropogenic activities. For example, high precipitation and intense fertilization resulted in severe nonpoint source pollution. Denitrification thrived in soils and reservoirs in wet seasons. Temperature could regulate the migration, nitrification and denitrification processes. Based on the results, we suggest that the management strategies dealing with nitrogen pollution issue in the DRR should follow the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of NO3- sources, migration and transformation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaode Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Romanelli A, Soto DX, Matiatos I, Martínez DE, Esquius S. A biological and nitrate isotopic assessment framework to understand eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136909. [PMID: 32018104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a globally significant challenge facing aquatic ecosystems, mostly associated with human induced enrichment of these ecosystems with nitrogen and phosphorus. Given the complexity of assigning eutrophication issues to local primary N sources in field-based studies, this paper proposes a multi-stable isotope and biological framework to track nitrogen biogeochemical transformations, inputs and fate of nitrate in groundwater-dependent shallow lakes. Three representative freshwater ecosystems from the Pampa Plain (Argentina), with different land uses and topographic features were selected. Groundwater (N = 24), lake (N = 29) and stream (N = 20) samples were collected for isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-, δ18O-H2O) and hydrogeochemical (major ions and nutrients) determinations, and in the case of surface water, also for biological determinations (chlorophyll-a, fecal coliforms and nitrifying bacteria abundance). Both chemical and isotopic characteristics clearly indicated that denitrification was limited in lakes and streams, while evidence of assimilation in shallow lakes was confirmed. The results suggested that groundwater denitrification plays a role in the nitrate concentration pattern observed in the Pampeano Aquifer. The proportional contribution of nitrate sources to the inflow streams for all years were estimated by using Bayesian isotope mixing models, being ammonium nitrified in the system from soil and fertilizers ~50 - 75 %, sewage/manure ~20 - 40 % and atmospheric deposition ~5 - 15 %. In this sense, agricultural practices seem to have a relevant role in the eutrophication and water quality deterioration for these watersheds. However, limnological, bacterial and algal variables, assessed simultaneously with isotopic tracers, indicated spatio-temporal differences within and between these aquatic ecosystems. In the case of Nahuel Rucá Lake, animal manure was a significant source of nitrogen pollution, in contrast to La Brava Lake. In Los Padres Lake, agricultural practices were considered the main sources of nitrate input to the ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Romanelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, 3350 Funes St., Level 1, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - David X Soto
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel E Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CIC, 3350 Funes St., Level 1, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Soledad Esquius
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNMdP-CONICET), FCEyN, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Peng J, Cao X, Xu Y, Yu H, Duan G, Qu J. Isotopic and chemical evidence for nitrate sources and transformation processes in a plateau lake basin in Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134856. [PMID: 31818559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, multiple occurrences of algal blooms have substantially deteriorated water quality, especially for the nutrient budget in plateau lakes. Specifically, NO3- pollution has critically threatened groundwater quality, thus increasing human health risk if groundwater serves as a drinking source. To identify the origin and fate of NO3- in a plateau lake basin, we utilized nitrate isotope natural abundance and water chemistry information under land use frameworks and groundwater flow information. In December 2018, we collected water samples from aquifers (n = 33), rivers (n = 2), soil (n = 7), and lakes (n = 4) in Chenghai Lake basin, Southwest China. Our results showed that nearly 41% of groundwater samples failed to meet the drinking water standard of WHO and China (GB/T 5749-2006) of 50 mg/L for NO3- during the dry season. The high variation of δ15N-NO3- (from -3.3 to +41.3‰) and δ18O-NO3- (from -6.4 to +13.6‰) indicated multiple N sources and N cycling processes. Our analysis revealed that 16%-80% of nitrate in groundwater was derived from accumulated soil N, whereas 13%-76% was contributed from manure/landfill leachate. The contribution from atmospheric nitrogen deposition to aquifers was less than 3%. Manure/landfill and soil nitrogen were the primary N sources, contributing for 38.9% and 35.3% to N loading in lake. As for river water, soil nitrogen contributed for 69.7% and 37.2% in R1 and R2, respectively. The denitrification process significantly affects nitrate attenuation of N sources in aquifers. An increasing trend in NO3- concentration was noticed along the groundwater flow path (A-A') from mountain area to lake. Among different pathways, distinct nitrate sources loading downwards to the aquifers were observed in massive farmlands and residential areas. Thus, the information on both land-use and groundwater flow pathways is indispensable for modelling nitrate sources and transformation processes using the dual isotope approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoqi Duan
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Husic A, Fox J, Adams E, Pollock E, Ford W, Agouridis C, Backus J. Quantification of nitrate fate in a karst conduit using stable isotopes and numerical modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115348. [PMID: 31810032 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3⁻) fate estimates in turbulent karst pathways are lacking due, in part, to the difficulty of accessing remote subsurface environments. To address this knowledge and methodological gap, we collected NO3⁻, δ15NNO3, and δ18ONO3 data for 65 consecutive days, during a low-flow period, from within a phreatic conduit and its terminal end-point, a spring used for drinking water. To simulate nitrogen (N) fate within the karst conduit, the authors developed a numerical model of NO3⁻ isotope dynamics. During low-flow, data show an increase in NO3⁻ (from 1.78 to 1.87 mg N L-1; p < 10-4) coincident with a decrease in δ15NNO3 (from 7.7 to 6.8‰; p < 10-3) as material flows from within the conduit to the spring. Modeling results indicate that the nitrification of isotopically-lighter ammonium (δ15NNH4) acts as a mechanism for an increase in NO3⁻ that coincides with a decrease in δ15NNO3. Further, numerical modeling assists with quantifying isotopic overprinting of nitrification on denitrification (i.e., coincident NO3⁻ production during removal) by constraining the rates of the two processes. Modeled denitrification fluxes within the karst conduit (67.0 ± 19.0 mg N m-2 d-1) are an order-of-magnitude greater than laminar ground water pathways (1-10 mg N m-2 d-1) and an order-of-magnitude less than surface water systems (100-1000 mg N m-2 d-1). In this way, karst conduits are a unique interface of the processes and gradients that control both surface and ground water end-points. This study shows the efficacy of ambient N stable isotope data to reflect N transformations in subsurface karst and highlights the usefulness of stable isotopes to assist with water quality numerical modeling in karst. Lastly, we provide a rare, if not unique, estimate of N fate in subsurface conduits and provide a counterpoint to the paradigm that karst conduits are conservative source-to-sink conveyors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Admin Husic
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - James Fox
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ethan Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erik Pollock
- Stable Isotope Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - William Ford
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carmen Agouridis
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ceballos E, Margalef-Martí R, Carrey R, Frei R, Otero N, Soler A, Ayora C. Characterisation of the natural attenuation of chromium contamination in the presence of nitrate using isotopic methods. A case study from the Matanza-Riachuelo River basin, Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134331. [PMID: 31670212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The groundwater contamination by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in a site of the Matanza-Riachuelo River basin (MRB), Argentina, has been evaluated by determining the processes that control the natural mobility and attenuation of Cr(VI) in the presence of high nitrate (NO3-) contents. The groundwater Cr(VI) concentrations ranged between 1.9E-5 mM and 0.04 mM, while the NO3- concentrations ranged between 0.5 mM and 3.9 mM. In order to evaluate the natural attenuation of Cr(VI) and NO3- in the MRB groundwater, Cr and N isotopes were measured in these contaminants. In addition, laboratory batch experiments were performed to determine the isotope fractionation (ε) during the reduction of Cr(VI) under denitrifying conditions. While the Cr(VI) reduction rate is not affected by the presence of NO3-, the NO3- attenuation is slower in the presence of Cr(VI). Nevertheless, no significant differences on ε values were observed when testing the absence or presence of each contaminant. The ε53Cr determined in the batch experiments describe a two- stage trend, in which Stage I is characterized by ε53Cr ~-1.8‰ and Stage II by ε53Cr ~-0.9‰. The respective ε15NNO3 obtained is -23.9‰ whereas ε18ONO3 amount to -25.7‰. Using these ε values and a Rayleigh fractionation model we estimate that an average of 60% of the original Cr(VI) is removed from the groundwater of the contaminated site. Moreover, the average degree of NO3- attenuation by denitrification is found to be about 20%. This study provides valuable information about the dynamics of a complex system that can serve as a basis for efficient management of contaminated groundwater in the most populated and industrialized basin of Argentina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ceballos
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff", CONICET-UNCPBA-CIC, República de Italia 780, 47 (B7300), Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Rosanna Margalef-Martí
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, UB, C/Martí i Franquès, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Carrey
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, UB, C/Martí i Franquès, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Neus Otero
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, UB, C/Martí i Franquès, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellow, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, UB, C/Martí i Franquès, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayora
- Department of Geoscience, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|