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Bekhbat M. Glycolytic metabolism: Food for immune cells, fuel for depression? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100843. [PMID: 39263313 PMCID: PMC11387811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one biological pathway thought to impact the brain to contribute to major depressive disorder (MDD) and is reliably associated with resistance to standard antidepressant treatments. While peripheral immune cells, particularly monocytes, have been associated with aspects of increased inflammation in MDD and symptom severity, significant gaps in knowledge exist regarding the mechanisms by which these cells are activated to contribute to behavioral symptoms in MDD. One concept that has gained recent appreciation is that metabolic rewiring to glycolysis in activated myeloid cells plays a crucial role in facilitating these cells' pro-inflammatory functions, which may underlie myeloid contribution to systemic inflammation and its effects on the brain. Given emerging evidence from translational studies of depression that peripheral monocytes exhibit signs of glycolytic activation, better understanding the immunometabolic phenotypes of monocytes which are known to be elevated in MDD with high inflammation is a critical step toward comprehending and treating the impact of inflammation on the brain. This narrative review examines the extant literature on glycolytic metabolism of circulating monocytes in depression and discusses the functional implications of immunometabolic shifts at both cellular and systemic levels. Additionally, it proposes potential therapeutic applications of existing immunomodulators that target glycolysis and related metabolic pathways in order to reverse the impact of elevated inflammation on the brain and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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2
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Herbet G, Duffau H, Mandonnet E. Predictors of cognition after glioma surgery: connectotomy, structure-function phenotype, plasticity. Brain 2024; 147:2621-2635. [PMID: 38573324 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining preoperatively the maximal extent of resection that would preserve cognitive functions is the core challenge of brain tumour surgery. Over the past decade, the methodological framework to achieve this goal has been thoroughly renewed: the population-level topographically-focused voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping has been progressively overshadowed by machine learning (ML) algorithmics, in which the problem is framed as predicting cognitive outcomes in a patient-specific manner from a typically large set of variables. However, the choice of these predictors is of utmost importance, as they should be both informative and parsimonious. In this perspective, we first introduce the concept of connectotomy: instead of parameterizing resection topography through the status (intact/resected) of a huge number of voxels (or parcels) paving the whole brain in the Cartesian 3D-space, the connectotomy models the resection in the connectivity space, by computing a handful number of networks disconnection indices, measuring how the structural connectivity sustaining each network of interest was hit by the resection. This connectivity-informed reduction of dimensionality is a necessary step for efficiently implementing ML tools, given the relatively small number of patient-examples in available training datasets. We further argue that two other major sources of interindividual variability must be considered to improve the accuracy with which outcomes are predicted: the underlying structure-function phenotype and neuroplasticity, for which we provide an in-depth review and propose new ways of determining relevant predictors. We finally discuss the benefits of our approach for precision surgery of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier 34090, France
- Praxiling lab, UMR5267 CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier 34090, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75000, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier 34090, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
- Team 'Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors', U1191 Laboratory, Institute of Functional Genomics, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75010, France
- Frontlab, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Paris 75013, France
- Université de Paris Cité, UFR de médecine, Paris 75005, France
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3
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Li RQ, Zhu WW, Li C, Zhan KB, Zhang P, Xiao F, Jiang JM, Zou W. Hippocampal warburg effect mediates hydrogen sulfide-ameliorated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: Involving promotion of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00087-7. [PMID: 39025266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies have reported that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has ability to improve diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Recent research reveals that Warburg effect is associated with synaptic plasticity which plays a key role in cognition promotion. Herein, the present study was aimed to demonstrate whether hippocampal Warburg effect contributes to H2S-ameliorated DACD and further explore its potential mechanism. We found that H2S promoted the hippocampal Warburg effect and inhibited the OxPhos in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. It also improved the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in STZ-induced diabetic rats, as evidenced by the change of microstructures and the expression of different key-enzymes. Furthermore, inhibited hippocampal Warburg effect induced by DCA markedly abolished the improvement of H2S on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. DCA blocked H2S-attenuated the cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats, according to the Y-maze, Novel Objective Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests. Collectively, these findings indicated that the hippocampal Warburg effect mediates H2S-ameliorated DACD by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qi Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei-Wen Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cheng Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Emergency department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia-Mei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Wei Zou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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4
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Klug S, Murgaš M, Godbersen GM, Hacker M, Lanzenberger R, Hahn A. Synaptic signaling modeled by functional connectivity predicts metabolic demands of the human brain. Neuroimage 2024; 295:120658. [PMID: 38810891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The human brain is characterized by interacting large-scale functional networks fueled by glucose metabolism. Since former studies could not sufficiently clarify how these functional connections shape glucose metabolism, we aimed to provide a neurophysiologically-based approach. METHODS 51 healthy volunteers underwent simultaneous PET/MRI to obtain BOLD functional connectivity and [18F]FDG glucose metabolism. These multimodal imaging proxies of fMRI and PET were combined in a whole-brain extension of metabolic connectivity mapping. Specifically, functional connectivity of all brain regions were used as input to explain glucose metabolism of a given target region. This enabled the modeling of postsynaptic energy demands by incoming signals from distinct brain regions. RESULTS Functional connectivity input explained a substantial part of metabolic demands but with pronounced regional variations (34 - 76%). During cognitive task performance this multimodal association revealed a shift to higher network integration compared to resting state. In healthy aging, a dedifferentiation (decreased segregated/modular structure of the brain) of brain networks during rest was observed. Furthermore, by including data from mRNA maps, [11C]UCB-J synaptic density and aerobic glycolysis (oxygen-to-glucose index from PET data), we show that whole-brain functional input reflects non-oxidative, on-demand metabolism of synaptic signaling. The metabolically-derived directionality of functional inputs further marked them as top-down predictions. In addition, the approach uncovered formerly hidden networks with superior efficiency through metabolically informed network partitioning. CONCLUSIONS Applying multimodal imaging, we decipher a crucial part of the metabolic and neurophysiological basis of functional connections in the brain as interregional on-demand synaptic signaling fueled by anaerobic metabolism. The observed task- and age-related effects indicate promising future applications to characterize human brain function and clinical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Wolfe AD, Koberstein JN, Smith CB, Stewart ML, Gonzalez IJ, Hammarlund M, Hyman AA, Stork PJS, Goodman RH, Colón-Ramos DA. Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314699121. [PMID: 38198527 PMCID: PMC10801914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314699121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism supports neuronal function. While it is well established that changes in energy metabolism underpin brain plasticity and function, less is known about how individual neurons modulate their metabolic states to meet varying energy demands. This is because most approaches used to examine metabolism in living organisms lack the resolution to visualize energy metabolism within individual circuits, cells, or subcellular regions. Here, we adapted a biosensor for glycolysis, HYlight, for use in Caenorhabditis elegans to image dynamic changes in glycolysis within individual neurons and in vivo. We determined that neurons cell-autonomously perform glycolysis and modulate glycolytic states upon energy stress. By examining glycolysis in specific neurons, we documented a neuronal energy landscape comprising three general observations: 1) glycolytic states in neurons are diverse across individual cell types; 2) for a given condition, glycolytic states within individual neurons are reproducible across animals; and 3) for varying conditions of energy stress, glycolytic states are plastic and adapt to energy demands. Through genetic analyses, we uncovered roles for regulatory enzymes and mitochondrial localization in the cellular and subcellular dynamic regulation of glycolysis. Our study demonstrates the use of a single-cell glycolytic biosensor to examine how energy metabolism is distributed across cells and coupled to dynamic states of neuronal function and uncovers unique relationships between neuronal identities and metabolic landscapes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | | | - Chadwick B. Smith
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | | | - Ian J. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Anthony A. Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden01307, Germany
| | | | - Richard H. Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR97239
| | - Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06510
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Ji XH, Liu TT, Wei AH, Lei HP, Chen Y, Wu LN, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yan F, Chen MX, Jin H, Shi JS, Zhou SY, Jin F. Suppression of hnRNP A1 binding to HK1 RNA leads to glycolytic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease models. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1218267. [PMID: 37744386 PMCID: PMC10516183 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1218267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 in mouse hippocampal neurons (HT22) on glycolysis. Methods RIP and CLIP-qPCR were performed by HT22 in vitro to observe the mechanism of hnRNP A1 regulating the expression of key proteins in glycolysis. The RNA binding domain of hnRNP A1 protein in HT22 was inhibited by VPC-80051, and the effect of hnRNP A1 on glycolysis of HT22 was observed. Lentivirus overexpression of hnRNP A1 was used to observe the effect of overexpression of hnRNP A1 on glycolysis of Aβ25-35-injured HT22. The expression of hnRNP A1 in brain tissues of wild-type mice and triple-transgenic (APP/PS1/Tau) AD mice at different ages was studied by Western blot assay. Results The results of RIP experiment showed that hnRNP A1 and HK1 mRNA were significantly bound. The results of CLIP-qPCR showed that hnRNP A1 directly bound to the 2605-2821 region of HK1 mRNA. hnRNP A1 inhibitor can down-regulate the expression of HK1 mRNA and HK1 protein in HT22 cells. Overexpression of hnRNP A1 can significantly reduce the toxic effect of Aβ25-35 on neurons via the hnRNP A1/HK1/ pyruvate pathway. In addition, inhibition of hnRNP A1 binding to amyloid precursor protein (APP) RNA was found to increase Aβ expression, while Aβ25-35 also down-regulated hnRNP A1 expression by enhancing phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in HT22. They interact to form bidirectional regulation, further down-regulating the expression of hnRNP A1, and ultimately aggravating glycolytic dysfunction. Protein immunoblotting showed that hnRNP A1 decreased with age in mouse brain tissue, and the decrease was greater in AD mice, suggesting that the decrease of hnRNP A1 may be a predisposed factor in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ai-Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui-Ping Lei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shao-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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7
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Wolfe AD, Koberstein JN, Smith CB, Stewart ML, Hammarlund M, Hyman A, Stork PJ, Goodman R, Colón-Ramos DA. Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554774. [PMID: 37662365 PMCID: PMC10473759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism supports neuronal function. While it is well established that changes in energy metabolism underpin brain plasticity and function, less is known about how individual neurons modulate their metabolic states to meet varying energy demands. This is because most approaches used to examine metabolism in living organisms lack the resolution to visualize energy metabolism within individual circuits, cells, or subcellular regions. Here we adapted a biosensor for glycolysis, HYlight, for use in C. elegans to image dynamic changes in glycolysis within individual neurons and in vivo. We determined that neurons perform glycolysis cell-autonomously, and modulate glycolytic states upon energy stress. By examining glycolysis in specific neurons, we documented a neuronal energy landscape comprising three general observations: 1) glycolytic states in neurons are diverse across individual cell types; 2) for a given condition, glycolytic states within individual neurons are reproducible across animals; and 3) for varying conditions of energy stress, glycolytic states are plastic and adapt to energy demands. Through genetic analyses, we uncovered roles for regulatory enzymes and mitochondrial localization in the cellular and subcellular dynamic regulation of glycolysis. Our study demonstrates the use of a single-cell glycolytic biosensor to examine how energy metabolism is distributed across cells and coupled to dynamic states of neuronal function, and uncovers new relationships between neuronal identities and metabolic landscapes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - John N Koberstein
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chadwick B Smith
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa L Stewart
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip Js Stork
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Richard Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06536, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Béland-Millar A, Kirby A, Truong Y, Ouellette J, Yandiev S, Bouyakdan K, Pileggi C, Naz S, Yin M, Carrier M, Kotchetkov P, St-Pierre MK, Tremblay MÈ, Courchet J, Harper ME, Alquier T, Messier C, Shuhendler AJ, Lacoste B. 16p11.2 haploinsufficiency reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in brain endothelial cells and alters brain metabolism in adult mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112485. [PMID: 37149866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular abnormalities in mouse models of 16p11.2 deletion autism syndrome are reminiscent of alterations reported in murine models of glucose transporter deficiency, including reduced brain angiogenesis and behavioral alterations. Yet, whether cerebrovascular alterations in 16p11.2df/+ mice affect brain metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that anesthetized 16p11.2df/+ mice display elevated brain glucose uptake, a phenomenon recapitulated in mice with endothelial-specific 16p11.2 haplodeficiency. Awake 16p11.2df/+ mice display attenuated relative fluctuations of extracellular brain glucose following systemic glucose administration. Targeted metabolomics on cerebral cortex extracts reveals enhanced metabolic responses to systemic glucose in 16p11.2df/+ mice that also display reduced mitochondria number in brain endothelial cells. This is not associated with changes in mitochondria fusion or fission proteins, but 16p11.2df/+ brain endothelial cells lack the splice variant NT-PGC-1α, suggesting defective mitochondrial biogenesis. We propose that altered brain metabolism in 16p11.2df/+ mice is compensatory to endothelial dysfunction, shedding light on previously unknown adaptative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Béland-Millar
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yen Truong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- University Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shama Naz
- University of Ottawa Metabolomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Yin
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Pavel Kotchetkov
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julien Courchet
- University Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Messier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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9
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Nielsen AN, Kaplan S, Meyer D, Alexopoulos D, Kenley JK, Smyser TA, Wakschlag LS, Norton ES, Raghuraman N, Warner BB, Shimony JS, Luby JL, Neil JJ, Petersen SE, Barch DM, Rogers CE, Sylvester CM, Smyser CD. Maturation of large-scale brain systems over the first month of life. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2788-2803. [PMID: 35750056 PMCID: PMC10016041 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The period immediately after birth is a critical developmental window, capturing rapid maturation of brain structure and a child's earliest experiences. Large-scale brain systems are present at delivery, but how these brain systems mature during this narrow window (i.e. first weeks of life) marked by heightened neuroplasticity remains uncharted. Using multivariate pattern classification techniques and functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, we detected robust differences in brain systems related to age in newborns (n = 262; R2 = 0.51). Development over the first month of life occurred brain-wide, but differed and was more pronounced in brain systems previously characterized as developing early (i.e. sensorimotor networks) than in those characterized as developing late (i.e. association networks). The cingulo-opercular network was the only exception to this organizing principle, illuminating its early role in brain development. This study represents a step towards a normative brain "growth curve" that could be used to identify atypical brain maturation in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dominique Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations and Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Institute for Innovations and Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nandini Raghuraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeffery J Neil
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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10
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Goyal MS, Blazey T, Metcalf NV, McAvoy MP, Strain JF, Rahmani M, Durbin TJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TLS, Morris JC, Raichle ME, Vlassenko AG. Brain aerobic glycolysis and resilience in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212256120. [PMID: 36745794 PMCID: PMC9963219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212256120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of brain aerobic glycolysis (AG) in normal young adults correlates spatially with amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in individuals with symptomatic and preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). Brain AG decreases with age, but the functional significance of this decrease with regard to the development of AD symptomatology is poorly understood. Using PET measurements of regional blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose utilization-from which we derive AG-we find that cognitive impairment is strongly associated with loss of the typical youthful pattern of AG. In contrast, amyloid positivity without cognitive impairment was associated with preservation of youthful brain AG, which was even higher than that seen in cognitively unimpaired, amyloid negative adults. Similar findings were not seen for blood flow nor oxygen consumption. Finally, in cognitively unimpaired adults, white matter hyperintensity burden was found to be specifically associated with decreased youthful brain AG. Our results suggest that AG may have a role in the resilience and/or response to early stages of amyloid pathology and that age-related white matter disease may impair this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S. Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Nicholas V. Metcalf
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Mark P. McAvoy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
| | - Jeremy F. Strain
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Maryam Rahmani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Tony J. Durbin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
| | - Tammie L.-S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63130
- Department of Psychology & Brain Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Andrei G. Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63108
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11
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Deng S, Franklin CG, O'Boyle M, Zhang W, Heyl BL, Jerabek PA, Lu H, Fox PT. Hemodynamic and metabolic correspondence of resting-state voxel-based physiological metrics in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118923. [PMID: 35066157 PMCID: PMC9201851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based physiological (VBP) variables derived from blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI time-course variations include: amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Although these BOLD-derived variables can detect between-group (e.g. disease vs control) spatial pattern differences, physiological interpretations are not well established. The primary objective of this study was to quantify spatial correspondences between BOLD VBP variables and PET measurements of cerebral metabolic rate and hemodynamics, being well-validated physiological standards. To this end, quantitative, whole-brain PET images of metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlu; 18FDG) and oxygen (MRO2; 15OO), blood flow (BF; H215O) and blood volume (BV; C15O) were obtained in 16 healthy controls. In the same subjects, BOLD time-courses were obtained for computation of ALFF, fALFF and ReHo images. PET variables were compared pair-wise with BOLD variables. In group-averaged, across-region analyses, ALFF corresponded significantly only with BV (R = 0.64; p < 0.0001). fALFF corresponded most strongly with MRGlu (R = 0.79; p < 0.0001), but also significantly (p < 0.0001) with MRO2 (R = 0.68), BF (R = 0.68) and BV (R=0.68). ReHo performed similarly to fALFF, with significant strong correspondence (p < 0.0001) with MRGlu (R = 0.78), MRO2 (R = 0.54), and, but less strongly with BF (R = 0.50) and BV (R=0.50). Mutual information analyses further clarified these physiological interpretations. When conditioned by BV, ALFF retained no significant MRGlu, MRO2 or BF information. When conditioned by MRGlu, fALFF and ReHo retained no significant MRO2, BF or BV information. Of concern, however, the strength of PET-BOLD correspondences varied markedly by brain region, which calls for future investigation on physiological interpretations at a regional and per-subject basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Deng
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Crystal G Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael O'Boyle
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Betty L Heyl
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paul A Jerabek
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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12
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates the Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Rats via Promoting Hippocampal Microglia M2 Polarization by Enhancement of Hippocampal Warburg Effect. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2792348. [PMID: 35028004 PMCID: PMC8752224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2792348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of innovative therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is urgently needed. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in cognitive function. Therefore, this work is aimed at investigating whether H2S attenuates the cognitive impairment in PD and the underlying mechanisms. In the rotenone- (ROT-) established PD rat model, NaHS (a donor of H2S) attenuated the cognitive impairment and promoted microglia polarization from M1 towards M2 in the hippocampus of PD rats. NaHS also dramatically upregulated the Warburg effect in the hippocampus of PD rats. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG, an inhibitor of the Warburg effect) abolished NaHS-upregulated Warburg effect in the hippocampus of PD rats. Moreover, the inhibited hippocampal Warburg effect by 2-DG abrogated H2S-excited the enhancement of hippocampal microglia M2 polarization and the improvement of cognitive function in ROT-exposed rats. Our data demonstrated that H2S inhibits the cognitive dysfunction in PD via promoting microglia M2 polarization by enhancement of hippocampal Warburg effect.
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13
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Sodium hydrosulfide reverses β 2-microglobulin-induced depressive-like behaviors of male Sprague-Dawley rats: Involving improvement of synaptic plasticity and enhancement of Warburg effect in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113562. [PMID: 34499939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous works demonstrated that β2-microglobulin (β2m), a systemic pro-aging factor, induce depressive-like behaviors. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is identified as a potential target for treatment of depression. The aim of the present work is to explore whether H2S antagonizes β2m-induced depressive-like behaviors and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The depressive-like behaviors were detected using the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). The expressions of Warburg-related proteins, including hexokinase II (HK II), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), and synaptic plasticity-related proteins, including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin1 (SYN1), were determined by western blotting. RESULT we found that NaHS (the donor of H2S) attenuated the depressive-like behaviors in the β2m-exposed rats, as judged by NSFT, TST, FST, and OFT. We also demonstrated that NaHS enhanced the synaptic plasticity, as evidenced by the upregulations of PSD95 and SYN1 expressions in the hippocampus of β2m-exposed rats. Furthermore, NaHS improved the Warburg effect in the hippocampus of β2m-exposed rats, as evidenced by the upregulations of HK II, PKM2, LDHA and PDK1 expressions, and the downregulation of PDH expression. CONCLUSION H2S prevents β2m-induced depressive-like behaviors, which is involved in improvement of hippocampal synaptic plasticity as a result of enhancement of hippocampal Warburg effect.
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14
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Béland-Millar A, Messier C. Voluntary Behavior and Training Conditions Modulate in vivo Extracellular Glucose and Lactate in the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:732242. [PMID: 35058739 PMCID: PMC8764159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.732242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning or performing new behaviors requires significant neuronal signaling and is metabolically demanding. The metabolic cost of performing a behavior is mitigated by exposure and practice which result in diminished signaling and metabolic requirements. We examined the impact of novel and habituated wheel running, as well as effortful behaviors on the modulation of extracellular glucose and lactate using biosensors inserted in the primary motor cortex of mice. We found that motor behaviors produce increases in extracellular lactate and decreases in extracellular glucose in the primary motor cortex. These effects were modulated by experience, novelty and intensity of the behavior. The increase in extracellular lactate appears to be strongly associated with novelty of a behavior as well as the difficulty of performing a behavior. Our observations are consistent with the view that a main function of aerobic glycolysis is not to fuel the current neuronal activity but to sustain new bio-infrastructure as learning changes neural networks, chiefly through the shuttling of glucose derived carbons into the pentose phosphate pathway for the biosynthesis of nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claude Messier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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15
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Effects of aging on protein expression in mice brain microvessels: ROS scavengers, mRNA/protein stability, glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial complexes, and basement membrane components. GeroScience 2021; 44:371-388. [PMID: 34708300 PMCID: PMC8811117 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the cortical microvessels (MVs) of young, middle-aged, and old male and female mice were evaluated using discovery-based proteomics analysis (> 4,200 quantified proteins/group). Most DE proteins (> 90%) showed no significant differences between the sexes; however, some significant DE proteins showing sexual differences in MVs decreased from young (8.3%), to middle-aged (3.7%), to old (0.5%) mice. Therefore, we combined male and female data for age-dependent comparisons but noted sex differences for examination. Key proteins involved in the oxidative stress response, mRNA or protein stability, basement membrane (BM) composition, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial function were significantly altered with aging. Relative abundance of superoxide dismutase-1/-2, catalase and thioredoxin were reduced with aging. Proteins participating in either mRNA degradation or pre-mRNA splicing were significantly increased in old mice MVs, whereas protein stabilizing proteins decreased. Glycolytic proteins were not affected in middle age, but the relative abundance of these proteins decreased in MVs of old mice. Although most of the 41 examined proteins composing mitochondrial complexes I–V were reduced in old mice, six of these proteins showed a significant reduction in middle-aged mice, but the relative abundance increased in fourteen proteins. Nidogen, collagen, and laminin family members as well as perlecan showed differing patterns during aging, indicating BM reorganization starting in middle age. We suggest that increased oxidative stress during aging leads to adverse protein profile changes of brain cortical MVs that affect mRNA/protein stability, BM integrity, and ATP synthesis capacity.
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16
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Dehghan F, Zamani S, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Irisin injection mimics exercise effects on the brain proteome. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7422-7441. [PMID: 34655501 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity can endanger human health and increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease. Exercise has tremendous beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function, especially in older adults. It also improves brain-related outcomes in depression, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Irisin is a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise. This study aimed to assess the proteome alterations in adult male National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) mice brain tissue upon three different conditions including endurance exercise, resistance exercise and irisin injection. Quantification of irisin levels in blood was performed using irisin-ELISA Kit. Quantification and identification of proteins via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS showed the alteration of at least 21 proteins due to different treatments. Cellular pathway analysis revealed common beneficial effects of sole irisin treatment and different exercise procedures suggesting the capability of irisin injection to substitute the exercise when physical activity is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), León, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, Vegazana Campus, León, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Alm PA. Stuttering: A Disorder of Energy Supply to Neurons? Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:662204. [PMID: 34630054 PMCID: PMC8496059 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.662204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stuttering is a disorder characterized by intermittent loss of volitional control of speech movements. This hypothesis and theory article focuses on the proposal that stuttering may be related to an impairment of the energy supply to neurons. Findings from electroencephalography (EEG), brain imaging, genetics, and biochemistry are reviewed: (1) Analyses of the EEG spectra at rest have repeatedly reported reduced power in the beta band, which is compatible with indications of reduced metabolism. (2) Studies of the absolute level of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) show conflicting findings, with two studies reporting reduced rCBF in the frontal lobe, and two studies, based on a different method, reporting no group differences. This contradiction has not yet been resolved. (3) The pattern of reduction in the studies reporting reduced rCBF corresponds to the regional pattern of the glycolytic index (GI; Vaishnavi et al., 2010). High regional GI indicates high reliance on non-oxidative metabolism, i.e., glycolysis. (4) Variants of the gene ARNT2 have been associated with stuttering. This gene is primarily expressed in the brain, with a pattern roughly corresponding to the pattern of regional GI. A central function of the ARNT2 protein is to act as one part of a sensor system indicating low levels of oxygen in brain tissue and to activate appropriate responses, including activation of glycolysis. (5) It has been established that genes related to the functions of the lysosomes are implicated in some cases of stuttering. It is possible that these gene variants result in a reduced peak rate of energy supply to neurons. (6) Lastly, there are indications of interactions between the metabolic system and the dopamine system: for example, it is known that acute hypoxia results in an elevated tonic level of dopamine in the synapses. Will mild chronic limitations of energy supply also result in elevated levels of dopamine? The indications of such interaction effects suggest that the metabolic theory of stuttering should be explored in parallel with the exploration of the dopaminergic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per A. Alm
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Multiple bouts of high-intensity interval exercise reverse age-related functional connectivity disruptions without affecting motor learning in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17108. [PMID: 34429472 PMCID: PMC8385059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has emerged as an intervention that may mitigate age-related resting state functional connectivity and sensorimotor decline. Here, 42 healthy older adults rested or completed 3 sets of high-intensity interval exercise for a total of 23 min, then immediately practiced an implicit motor task with their non-dominant hand across five separate sessions. Participants completed resting state functional MRI before the first and after the fifth day of practice; they also returned 24-h and 35-days later to assess short- and long-term retention. Independent component analysis of resting state functional MRI revealed increased connectivity in the frontoparietal, the dorsal attentional, and cerebellar networks in the exercise group relative to the rest group. Seed-based analysis showed strengthened connectivity between the limbic system and right cerebellum, and between the right cerebellum and bilateral middle temporal gyri in the exercise group. There was no motor learning advantage for the exercise group. Our data suggest that exercise paired with an implicit motor learning task in older adults can augment resting state functional connectivity without enhancing behaviour beyond that stimulated by skilled motor practice.
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19
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Bonvento G, Bolaños JP. Astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation shapes brain activity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1546-1564. [PMID: 34348099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism. Deciphering how the brain accomplishes this complex task is crucial to understand central facets of human physiology and disease mechanisms. Each type of neural cell displays a peculiar metabolic signature, forcing the intercellular exchange of metabolites that serve as both energy precursors and paracrine signals. The paradigm of this biological feature is the astrocyte-neuron couple, in which the glycolytic metabolism of astrocytes contrasts with the mitochondrial oxidative activity of neurons. Astrocytes generate abundant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and shuttle to neurons glycolytically derived metabolites, such as L-lactate and L-serine, which sustain energy needs, conserve redox status, and modulate neurotransmitter-receptor activity. Conversely, early disruption of this metabolic cooperation may contribute to the initiation or progression of several neurological diseases, thus requiring innovative therapies to preserve brain energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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21
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22
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Mattson MP, Jia X. Glucose metabolic crosstalk and regulation in brain function and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102089. [PMID: 34118354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen turnover, produces ATP for energetic support and provides the precursors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Although glucose metabolism in neurons and astrocytes has been extensively studied, the glucose metabolism of microglia and oligodendrocytes, and their interactions with neurons and astrocytes, remain critical to understand brain function. Brain regions with heterogeneous cell composition and cell-type-specific profiles of glucose metabolism suggest that metabolic networks within the brain are complex. Signal transduction proteins including those in the Wnt, GSK-3β, PI3K-AKT, and AMPK pathways are involved in regulating these networks. Additionally, glycolytic enzymes and metabolites, such as hexokinase 2, acetyl-CoA, and enolase 2, are implicated in the modulation of cellular function, microglial activation, glycation, and acetylation of biomolecules. Given these extensive networks, glucose metabolism dysfunction in the whole brain or specific cell types is strongly associated with neurologic pathology including ischemic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. This review characterizes the glucose metabolism networks of the brain based on molecular signaling and cellular and regional interactions, and elucidates glucose metabolism-based mechanisms of neurological diseases and therapeutic approaches that may ameliorate metabolic abnormalities in those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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23
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Zhang X, Alshakhshir N, Zhao L. Glycolytic Metabolism, Brain Resilience, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662242. [PMID: 33994936 PMCID: PMC8113697 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. Despite decades of research, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are not well understood. Brain glucose hypometabolism has long been recognized as a prominent anomaly that occurs in the preclinical stage of AD. Recent studies suggest that glycolytic metabolism, the cytoplasmic pathway of the breakdown of glucose, may play a critical role in the development of AD. Glycolysis is essential for a variety of neural activities in the brain, including energy production, synaptic transmission, and redox homeostasis. Decreased glycolytic flux has been shown to correlate with the severity of amyloid and tau pathology in both preclinical and clinical AD patients. Moreover, increased glucose accumulation found in the brains of AD patients supports the hypothesis that glycolytic deficit may be a contributor to the development of this phenotype. Brain hyperglycemia also provides a plausible explanation for the well-documented link between AD and diabetes. Humans possess three primary variants of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene - ApoE∗ϵ2, ApoE∗ϵ3, and ApoE∗ϵ4 - that confer differential susceptibility to AD. Recent findings indicate that neuronal glycolysis is significantly affected by human ApoE isoforms and glycolytic robustness may serve as a major mechanism that renders an ApoE2-bearing brain more resistant against the neurodegenerative risks for AD. In addition to AD, glycolytic dysfunction has been observed in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, strengthening the concept of glycolytic dysfunction as a common pathway leading to neurodegeneration. Taken together, these advances highlight a promising translational opportunity that involves targeting glycolysis to bolster brain metabolic resilience and by such to alter the course of brain aging or disease development to prevent or reduce the risks for not only AD but also other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Nadine Alshakhshir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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24
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Zhu S, Guo Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Yin M, Chen X, Peng C. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:240-248. [PMID: 33246091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is a critical regulator in tumor metabolism. PKM2 has been demonstrated to overexpressed in various cancers and promoted proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. The errant expression of PKM2 has inspired people to investigate the function of PKM2 and the therapeutic potential in cancer. In addition, some studies have shown that the upregulation of PKM2 in tumor tissues is associated with the altered expression of lncRNAs and the poor survival. Therefore, researchers have begun to unravel the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated PKM2 expression in cancer metabolism. As the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in tumor development, it is necessary to identify the role of PKM2 in TME. In this review, we will introduce the role of PKM2 in different cancers as well as TME, and summarize the molecular mechanism of PKM2-related lncRNAs in cancer metabolism. We expect that this work will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2 that may help in developing therapeutic strategies in clinic for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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Newbold DJ, Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Seider NA, Montez DF, Gross SJ, Zheng A, Nielsen AN, Hoyt CR, Hampton JM, Ortega M, Adeyemo B, Miller DB, Van AN, Marek S, Schlaggar BL, Carter AR, Kay BP, Greene DJ, Raichle ME, Petersen SE, Snyder AZ, Dosenbach NUF. Cingulo-opercular control network and disused motor circuits joined in standby mode. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019128118. [PMID: 33753484 PMCID: PMC8020791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019128118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) during 2 wk of upper-limb casting revealed that disused motor regions became more strongly connected to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), an executive control network that includes regions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula. Disuse-driven increases in functional connectivity (FC) were specific to the CON and somatomotor networks and did not involve any other networks, such as the salience, frontoparietal, or default mode networks. Censoring and modeling analyses showed that FC increases during casting were mediated by large, spontaneous activity pulses that appeared in the disused motor regions and CON control regions. During limb constraint, disused motor circuits appear to enter a standby mode characterized by spontaneous activity pulses and strengthened connectivity to CON executive control regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah J Gross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Catherine R Hoyt
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek B Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Alexandre R Carter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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26
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Association of aerobic glycolysis with the structural connectome reveals a benefit-risk balancing mechanism in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2013232118. [PMID: 33443160 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013232118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis (AG), that is, the nonoxidative metabolism of glucose, contributes significantly to anabolic pathways, rapid energy generation, task-induced activity, and neuroprotection; yet high AG is also associated with pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-β deposition. An important yet unresolved question is whether and how the metabolic benefits and risks of brain AG is structurally shaped by connectome wiring. Using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques as well as computational models, we investigate the relationship between brain AG and the macroscopic connectome. Specifically, we propose a weighted regional distance-dependent model to estimate the total axonal projection length of a brain node. This model has been validated in a macaque connectome derived from tract-tracing data and shows a high correspondence between experimental and estimated axonal lengths. When applying this model to the human connectome, we find significant associations between the estimated total axonal projection length and AG across brain nodes, with higher levels primarily located in the default-mode and prefrontal regions. Moreover, brain AG significantly mediates the relationship between the structural and functional connectomes. Using a wiring optimization model, we find that the estimated total axonal projection length in these high-AG regions exhibits a high extent of wiring optimization. If these high-AG regions are randomly rewired, their total axonal length and vulnerability risk would substantially increase. Together, our results suggest that high-AG regions have expensive but still optimized wiring cost to fulfill metabolic requirements and simultaneously reduce vulnerability risk, thus revealing a benefit-risk balancing mechanism in the human brain.
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27
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Goyal MS, Gordon BA, Couture LE, Flores S, Xiong C, Morris JC, Raichle ME, L-S Benzinger T, Vlassenko AG. Spatiotemporal relationship between subthreshold amyloid accumulation and aerobic glycolysis in the human brain. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:165-175. [PMID: 33011615 PMCID: PMC7894981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, brain amyloid deposition has a distinct topography that correlates with aerobic glycolysis (AG), that is, the use of glucose beyond that predicted by oxygen consumption. The causes for this relationship remain unclear but might provide crucialinsight into how amyloid deposition begins. Here we develop methods to study the earliest topography of amyloid deposition based on amyloid imaging and investigate its spatiotemporal evolution with respect to the topography of AG in adults. We find that the spatiotemporal dynamics of amyloid deposition are largely explained by 1 factor, defined here as the amyloid topography dissimilarity index (ATDI). ATDI is bimodal, more highly dynamic during early amyloid accumulation, and predicts which individuals will cross a conservative quantitative threshold at least 3-5 years in advance. Using ATDI, we demonstrate that subthreshold amyloid accumulates primarily in regions that have high AG during early adulthood. Our findings suggest that early on-target subthreshold amyloid deposition mirrors its later regional pattern, which best corresponds to the topography of young adult brain AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S Goyal
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lars E Couture
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shaney Flores
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L-S Benzinger
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Neuroimaging Laboratories, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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28
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van Vugt FT, Near J, Hennessy T, Doyon J, Ostry DJ. Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: neurochemical signature in primary motor cortex and its relation to functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1615-1624. [PMID: 32997558 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00285.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest stages of sensorimotor learning involve learning the correspondence between movements and sensory results-a sensorimotor map. The present exploratory study investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of map acquisition by monitoring 25 participants as they acquired a new association between movements and sounds. Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure neurochemical concentrations in the left primary motor cortex during learning. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were also collected before and after training to assess learning-related changes in functional connectivity. There were monotonic increases in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and decreases in glucose during training, which extended into the subsequent rest period and, importantly, in the case of GABA correlated with the amount of learning: participants who showed greater behavioral learning showed greater GABA increase. The GABA change was furthermore correlated with changes in functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and a cluster of voxels in the right intraparietal sulcus: greater increases in GABA were associated with greater strengthening of connectivity. Transiently, there were increases in lactate and reductions in aspartate, which returned to baseline at the end of training, but only lactate showed a statistical trend to correlate with the amount of learning. In summary, during the earliest stages of sensorimotor learning, GABA levels are linked on a subject-level basis to both behavioral learning and a strengthening of functional connections that persists beyond the training period. The findings are consistent with the idea that GABA-mediated inhibition is linked to maintenance of newly learned information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Learning the mapping between movements and their sensory effects is a necessary step in the early stages of sensorimotor learning. There is evidence showing which brain areas are involved in early motor learning, but their role remains uncertain. Here, we show that GABA, a neurotransmitter linked to inhibitory processing, rises during and after learning and is involved in ongoing changes in resting-state networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T van Vugt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Hennessy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department Of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D J Ostry
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
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29
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Newbold DJ, Laumann TO, Hoyt CR, Hampton JM, Montez DF, Raut RV, Ortega M, Mitra A, Nielsen AN, Miller DB, Adeyemo B, Nguyen AL, Scheidter KM, Tanenbaum AB, Van AN, Marek S, Schlaggar BL, Carter AR, Greene DJ, Gordon EM, Raichle ME, Petersen SE, Snyder AZ, Dosenbach NUF. Plasticity and Spontaneous Activity Pulses in Disused Human Brain Circuits. Neuron 2020; 107:580-589.e6. [PMID: 32778224 PMCID: PMC7419711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To induce brain plasticity in humans, we casted the dominant upper extremity for 2 weeks and tracked changes in functional connectivity using daily 30-min scans of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Casting caused cortical and cerebellar regions controlling the disused extremity to functionally disconnect from the rest of the somatomotor system, while internal connectivity within the disused sub-circuit was maintained. Functional disconnection was evident within 48 h, progressed throughout the cast period, and reversed after cast removal. During the cast period, large, spontaneous pulses of activity propagated through the disused somatomotor sub-circuit. The adult brain seems to rely on regular use to maintain its functional architecture. Disuse-driven spontaneous activity pulses may help preserve functionally disconnected sub-circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catherine R Hoyt
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek B Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babatunde Adeyemo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristen M Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron B Tanenbaum
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexandre R Carter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX 76711, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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30
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Foster C, Steventon JJ, Helme D, Tomassini V, Wise RG. Cerebral Metabolic Changes During Visuomotor Adaptation Assessed Using Quantitative fMRI. Front Physiol 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 32457648 PMCID: PMC7227432 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain retains a lifelong ability to adapt through learning and in response to injury or disease-related damage, a process known as functional neuroplasticity. The neural energetics underlying functional brain plasticity have not been thoroughly investigated experimentally in the healthy human brain. A better understanding of the blood flow and metabolic changes that accompany motor skill acquisition, and which facilitate plasticity, is needed before subsequent translation to treatment interventions for recovery of function in disease. The aim of the current study was to characterize cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen consumption (relative CMRO2) responses, using calibrated fMRI conducted in 20 healthy participants, during performance of a serial reaction time task which induces rapid motor adaptation. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined from areas showing task-induced BOLD and CBF responses that decreased over time. BOLD, CBF and relative CMRO2 responses were calculated for each block of the task. Motor and somatosensory cortices and the cerebellum showed statistically significant positive responses to the task compared to baseline, but with decreasing amplitudes of BOLD, CBF, and CMRO2 response as the task progressed. In the cerebellum, there was a sustained positive BOLD response in the absence of a significant CMRO2 increase from baseline, for all but the first task blocks. This suggests that the brain may continue to elevate the supply energy even after CMRO2 has returned to near baseline levels. Relying on BOLD fMRI data alone in studies of plasticity may not reveal the nature of underlying metabolic responses and their changes over time. Calibrated fMRI approaches may offer a more complete picture of the energetic changes supporting plasticity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Foster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica J. Steventon
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Helme
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard G. Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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31
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Nagy PD, Lin W. Taking over Cellular Energy-Metabolism for TBSV Replication: The High ATP Requirement of an RNA Virus within the Viral Replication Organelle. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010056. [PMID: 31947719 PMCID: PMC7019945 DOI: 10.3390/v12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries on virus-driven hijacking and compartmentalization of the cellular glycolytic and fermentation pathways to support robust virus replication put the spotlight on the energy requirement of viral processes. The active recruitment of glycolytic enzymes in combination with fermentation enzymes by the viral replication proteins emphasizes the advantages of producing ATP locally within viral replication structures. This leads to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how viruses take over host metabolism to support the virus’s energy needs during the replication process. This review highlights our current understanding of how a small plant virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, exploits a conserved energy-generating cellular pathway during viral replication. The emerging picture is that viruses not only rewire cellular metabolic pathways to obtain the necessary resources from the infected cells but the fast replicating viruses might have to actively hijack and compartmentalize the energy-producing enzymes to provide a readily available source of ATP for viral replication process.
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32
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Blazey T, Snyder AZ, Su Y, Goyal MS, Lee JJ, Vlassenko AG, Arbeláez AM, Raichle ME. Quantitative positron emission tomography reveals regional differences in aerobic glycolysis within the human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2096-2102. [PMID: 29569986 PMCID: PMC6775584 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18767005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and oxygen metabolism are tightly coupled in the human brain, with the preponderance of the brain's glucose supply used to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. A fraction of glucose is consumed outside of oxidative phosphorylation despite the presence of sufficient oxygen to do so. We refer to this process as aerobic glycolysis. A recent positron emission tomography study reported that aerobic glycolysis is uniform within gray matter. Here, we analyze the same data and demonstrate robust regional differences in aerobic glycolysis within gray matter, a finding consistent with previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John J Lee
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Maria Arbeláez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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33
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Lin W, Liu Y, Molho M, Zhang S, Wang L, Xie L, Nagy PD. Co-opting the fermentation pathway for tombusvirus replication: Compartmentalization of cellular metabolic pathways for rapid ATP generation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008092. [PMID: 31648290 PMCID: PMC6830812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral replication proteins of plus-stranded RNA viruses orchestrate the biogenesis of the large viral replication compartments, including the numerous viral replicase complexes, which represent the sites of viral RNA replication. The formation and operation of these virus-driven structures require subversion of numerous cellular proteins, membrane deformation, membrane proliferation, changes in lipid composition of the hijacked cellular membranes and intensive viral RNA synthesis. These virus-driven processes require plentiful ATP and molecular building blocks produced at the sites of replication or delivered there. To obtain the necessary resources from the infected cells, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) rewires cellular metabolic pathways by co-opting aerobic glycolytic enzymes to produce ATP molecules within the replication compartment and enhance virus production. However, aerobic glycolysis requires the replenishing of the NAD+ pool. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficient recruitment of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) fermentation enzymes into the viral replication compartment. Depletion of Pdc1 in combination with deletion of the homologous PDC5 in yeast or knockdown of Pdc1 and Adh1 in plants reduced the efficiency of tombusvirus replication. Complementation approach revealed that the enzymatically functional Pdc1 is required to support tombusvirus replication. Measurements with an ATP biosensor revealed that both Pdc1 and Adh1 enzymes are required for efficient generation of ATP within the viral replication compartment. In vitro reconstitution experiments with the viral replicase show the pro-viral function of Pdc1 during the assembly of the viral replicase and the activation of the viral p92 RdRp, both of which require the co-opted ATP-driven Hsp70 protein chaperone. We propose that compartmentalization of the co-opted fermentation pathway in the tombusviral replication compartment benefits the virus by allowing for the rapid production of ATP locally, including replenishing of the regulatory NAD+ pool by the fermentation pathway. The compartmentalized production of NAD+ and ATP facilitates their efficient use by the co-opted ATP-dependent host factors to support robust tombusvirus replication. We propose that compartmentalization of the fermentation pathway gives an evolutionary advantage for tombusviruses to replicate rapidly to speed ahead of antiviral responses of the hosts and to outcompete other pathogenic viruses. We also show the dependence of turnip crinkle virus, bamboo mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus and the insect-infecting Flock House virus on the fermentation pathway, suggesting that a broad range of viruses might induce this pathway to support rapid replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Melissa Molho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longshen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peter D. Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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34
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Wang Q, Hu Y, Wan J, Dong B, Sun J. Lactate: A Novel Signaling Molecule in Synaptic Plasticity and Drug Addiction. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900008. [PMID: 31270822 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Lactate is emerging as a crucial regulatory nexus for energy metabolism in the brain and signaling transduction in synaptic plasticity, memory processes, and drug addiction instead of being merely a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis. In this review, the role of lactate in various memory processes, synapse plasticity and drug addiction on the basis of recent studies is summarized and discussed. To this end, three main parts are presented: first, lactate as an energy substrate in energy metabolism of the brain is described; second, lactate as a novel signaling molecule in synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, memory, and drug addiction is described; and third, in light of the above descriptions, it is plausible to speculate that lactate is predominantly a signaling molecule in specific memory processes and partly acts as an energy substrate. The future perspective in lactate signaling involving microglia and associated precise signaling pathways in the brain is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Paediatrics, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, China
| | - Jiale Wan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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35
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Aerobic Glycolysis Is Required for Spatial Memory Acquisition But Not Memory Retrieval in Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0389-18. [PMID: 30809587 PMCID: PMC6390195 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0389-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The consolidation of newly formed memories and their retrieval are energetically demanding processes. Aerobic glycolysis (AG), also known as the Warburg effect, consists of the production of lactate from glucose in the presence of oxygen. The astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis posits that astrocytes process glucose by AG to generate lactate, which is used as a fuel source within neurons to maintain synaptic activity. Studies in mice have demonstrated that lactate transport between astrocytes and neurons is required for long-term memory formation, yet the role of lactate production in memory acquisition and retrieval has not previously been explored. Here, we examined the effect of dichloroacetate (DCA), a chemical inhibitor of lactate production, on spatial learning and memory in mice using the Morris water maze (MWM). In vivo hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed decreased conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the mouse brain following DCA administration, concomitant with a reduction in the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. DCA exposure before each training session in the MWM impaired learning, which subsequently resulted in impaired memory during the probe trial. In contrast, mice that underwent training without DCA exposure, but received a single DCA injection before the probe trial exhibited normal memory. Our findings indicate that AG plays a key role during memory acquisition but is less important for the retrieval of established memories. Thus, the activation of AG may be important for learning-dependent synaptic plasticity rather than the activation of signaling cascades required for memory retrieval.
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36
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Arend C, Ehrke E, Dringen R. Consequences of a Metabolic Glucose-Depletion on the Survival and the Metabolism of Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2288-2300. [PMID: 30788754 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain astrocytes are considered to be highly glycolytic, but these cells also produce ATP via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. To investigate how a metabolic depletion of glucose will affect the metabolism of astrocytes, we applied glucose at an initial concentration of 2 mM to cultured primary astrocytes and monitored the cell viability and various metabolic parameters during an incubation for up to 2 weeks. Already within 2 days of incubation the cells had completely consumed the applied glucose and lactate had accumulated in the medium to a concentration of around 3 mM. During the subsequent 10 days of incubation, the cell viability was not compromised while the extracellular lactate concentration declined to values of around 0.2 mM, before the cell viability was compromised. Application of known inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism strongly accelerated glucose consumption and initial lactate production, while the lactate consumption was completely (antimycin A or 8-hydroxy efavirenz) and partially (efavirenz, metformin or tyrphostin 23) inhibited which caused rapid and delayed cell toxicity, respectively. The switch from glycolytic glucose metabolism to mitochondrial metabolism during the incubation was neither accompanied by alterations in the specific cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase activity or in the WST1 reduction capacity nor in the mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, but a cellular redistribution of mitochondria from a perinuclear to a more spread cytoplasmic localization was observed during the lactate consumption phase. These results demonstrate that cultured astrocytes survive a metabolism-induced glucose depletion very well by consuming lactate as fuel for mitochondrial ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Arend
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany. .,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
Prior work has identified many sex differences in the brain, including during brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, many of these studies are performed by comparing age-matched females and males. Evolutionary theorists have predicted that females might have more youthful brains (neoteny) as compared with males, but until now findings in support of this theory have been limited to postmortem transcriptional analysis, some of which is contradictory. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we analyzed sex differences in a unique brain PET dataset in over 200 normal human adults across the adult life span. We find that in terms of brain metabolism, the adult female brain is on average a few years younger than the male brain. Sex differences influence brain morphology and physiology during both development and aging. Here we apply a machine learning algorithm to a multiparametric brain PET imaging dataset acquired in a cohort of 20- to 82-year-old, cognitively normal adults (n = 205) to define their metabolic brain age. We find that throughout the adult life span the female brain has a persistently lower metabolic brain age—relative to their chronological age—compared with the male brain. The persistence of relatively younger metabolic brain age in females throughout adulthood suggests that development might in part influence sex differences in brain aging. Our results also demonstrate that trajectories of natural brain aging vary significantly among individuals and provide a method to measure this.
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38
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Margineanu MB, Mahmood H, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ. L-Lactate Regulates the Expression of Synaptic Plasticity and Neuroprotection Genes in Cortical Neurons: A Transcriptome Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:375. [PMID: 30364173 PMCID: PMC6191511 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a product of aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes, is required for memory formation and consolidation, and has recently emerged as a signaling molecule for neurons and various cell types in peripheral tissues. In particular lactate stimulates mRNA expression of a few plasticity-related genes. Here, we describe a RNA-seq study that unravels genome-wide transcriptomic responses to this energy metabolite in cortical neurons. Our results show that mRNA expression of 20 immediate-early genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and in synaptic plasticity were increased by more than twofold following 1 h of lactate stimulation. This effect was dependent on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity since it was prevented by pre-treatment with MK-801. Comparison with published datasets showed that a significant proportion of genes modulated by lactate were similarly regulated by a stimulation protocol activating specifically synaptic NMDARs known to result in upregulation of pro-survival and downregulation of pro-death genes. Remarkably, transcriptional responses to lactate were reproduced by NADH (for 74 of the 113 genes, FDR < 0.05), suggesting a redox-dependent mechanism of action. Longer-term gene expression changes observed after 6 h of lactate treatment affected genes involved in regulating neuronal excitability and genes coding for proteins localized at synapses. Gene set enrichment analyses performed with ranked lists of expressed genes revealed effects on molecular functions involved in epigenetic modulation, and on processes relevant to sleep physiology and behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety and hyperactivity. Overall, these results strengthen the notion that lactate effectively regulates activity-dependent and synaptic genes, and highlight new signaling effects of lactate in plasticity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Margineanu
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mahmood
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Laboratory for Cellular Imaging and Energetics, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Blazey T, Snyder AZ, Goyal MS, Vlassenko AG, Raichle ME. A systematic meta-analysis of oxygen-to-glucose and oxygen-to-carbohydrate ratios in the resting human brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204242. [PMID: 30248124 PMCID: PMC6152967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the predominant fuel supporting brain function. If the brain's entire glucose supply is consumed by oxidative phosphorylation, the molar ratio of oxygen to glucose consumption (OGI) is equal to 6. An OGI of less than 6 is evidence of non-oxidative glucose metabolism. Several studies have reported that the OGI in the resting human brain is less than 6.0, but the exact value remains uncertain. Additionally, it is not clear if lactate efflux accounts for the difference between OGI and its theoretical value of 6.0. To address these issues, we conducted a meta-analysis of OGI and oxygen-to-carbohydrate (glucose + 0.5*lactate; OCI) ratios in healthy young and middle-aged adults. We identified 47 studies that measured at least one of these ratios using arterio-venous differences of glucose, lactate, and oxygen. Using a Bayesian random effects model, the population median OGI was 5.46 95% credible interval (5.25-5.66), indicating that approximately 9% of the brain's glucose metabolism is non-oxidative. The population median OCI was 5.60 (5.36-5.84), suggesting that lactate efflux does not account for all non-oxidative glucose consumption. Significant heterogeneity across studies was observed, which implies that further work is needed to characterize how demographic and methodological factors influence measured cerebral metabolic ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Manu S. Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Andrei G. Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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40
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Abstract
Appraising success in meeting the world's nutritional needs has largely focused on infant mortality and anthropometric measurements with an emphasis on the first 1,000 days (conception to approximately age 2 years). This ignores the unique nutritional needs of the human brain. Although the intrauterine environment and the early postnatal years are important, equally critical periods follow during which the brain's intricate wiring is established for a lifetime of experience-driven remodeling. At the peak of this process during childhood, the human brain may account for 50% of the body's basal nutritional requirement. Thus, the consequences of proper nutritional management of the brain play out over a lifetime. Our motivation in preparing this review was to move the human brain into a more central position in the planning of nutritional programs. Here we review the macro- and micronutrient requirements of the human brain and how they are delivered, from conception to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S. Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Lora L. Iannotti
- Brown School, Institute for Public Health, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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41
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Brandon JA, Farmer BC, Williams HC, Johnson LA. APOE and Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroimaging of Metabolic and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:180. [PMID: 29962946 PMCID: PMC6010552 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and is associated with impairments in cerebral metabolism and cerebrovascular function. A substantial body of literature now points to E4 as a driver of multiple impairments seen in AD, including blunted brain insulin signaling, mismanagement of brain cholesterol and fatty acids, reductions in blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and decreased cerebral glucose uptake. Various neuroimaging techniques, in particular positron emission topography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been instrumental in characterizing these metabolic and vascular deficits associated with this important AD risk factor. In the current mini-review article, we summarize the known effects of APOE on cerebral metabolism and cerebrovascular function, with a special emphasis on recent findings via neuroimaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Brandon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brandon C Farmer
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Holden C Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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42
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Vlassenko AG, Gordon BA, Goyal MS, Su Y, Blazey TM, Durbin TJ, Couture LE, Christensen JJ, Jafri H, Morris JC, Raichle ME, Benzinger TLS. Aerobic glycolysis and tau deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:95-98. [PMID: 29655050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research of the human brain metabolism in vivo has largely focused on total glucose use (via fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) and, until recently, did not examine the use of glucose outside oxidative phosphorylation, which is known as aerobic glycolysis (AG). AG supports important functions including biosynthesis and neuroprotection but decreases dramatically with aging. This multitracer positron emission tomography study evaluated the relationship between AG, total glucose use (CMRGlc), oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), tau, and amyloid deposition in 42 individuals, including those at preclinical and symptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease. Our findings demonstrate that in individuals with amyloid burden, lower AG is associated with higher tau deposition. No such correlation was observed for CMRGlc or CMRO2. We suggest that aging-related loss of AG leading to decreased synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection may accelerate tauopathy in individuals with amyloid burden. Longitudinal AG and Alzheimer's disease pathology studies are needed to verify causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G Vlassenko
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tyler M Blazey
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tony J Durbin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lars E Couture
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jon J Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hussain Jafri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L-S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Metabolic Reprogramming and the Recovery of Physiological Functionality in 3D Cultures in Micro-Bioreactors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518979 PMCID: PMC5874888 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of physiological functionality, which is commonly seen in tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates (organoids, spheroids, acini, etc.), has been observed in cells of many origins (primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immortal cell lines). This plurality and plasticity suggest that probably several basic principles promote this recovery process. The aim of this study was to identify these basic principles and describe how they are regulated so that they can be taken in consideration when micro-bioreactors are designed. Here, we provide evidence that one of these basic principles is hypoxia, which is a natural consequence of multicellular structures grown in microgravity cultures. Hypoxia drives a partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis and an increased anabolic synthesis. A second principle is the activation of cytoplasmic glutaminolysis for lipogenesis. Glutaminolysis is activated in the presence of hypo- or normo-glycaemic conditions and in turn is geared to the hexosamine pathway. The reducing power needed is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway, a prime function of glucose metabolism. Cytoskeletal reconstruction, histone modification, and the recovery of the physiological phenotype can all be traced to adaptive changes in the underlying cellular metabolism. These changes are coordinated by mTOR/Akt, p53 and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, while myc and NF-kB appear to be relatively inactive. Partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis, originally described by Warburg, is independent of the cell’s rate of proliferation, but is interwoven with the cells abilities to execute advanced functionality needed for replicating the tissues physiological performance.
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Rittschof CC, Vekaria HJ, Palmer JH, Sullivan PG. Brain mitochondrial bioenergetics change with rapid and prolonged shifts in aggression in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.176917. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.176917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal function demands high-level energy production, and as such, a decline in mitochondrial respiration characterizes brain injury and disease. A growing number of studies, however, link brain mitochondrial function to behavioral modulation in non-diseased contexts. In the honey bee, we show for the first time that an acute social interaction, which invokes an aggressive response, may also cause a rapid decline in brain mitochondrial bioenergetics. The degree and speed of this decline has only been previously observed in the context of brain injury. Furthermore, in the honey bee, age-related increases in aggressive tendency are associated with increased baseline brain mitochondrial respiration, as well as increased plasticity in response to metabolic fuel type in vitro. Similarly, diet restriction and ketone body feeding, which commonly enhance mammalian brain mitochondrial function in vivo, cause increased aggression. Thus, even in normal behavioral contexts, brain mitochondria show a surprising degree of variation in function over both rapid and prolonged timescales, with age predicting both baseline function and plasticity in function. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is integral to modulating aggression-related neuronal signaling. We hypothesize that variation in function reflects mitochondrial calcium buffering activity, and that shifts in mitochondrial function signal to the neuronal soma to regulate gene expression and neural energetic state. Modulating brain energetic state is emerging as a critical component of the regulation of behavior in non-diseased contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C. Rittschof
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Ag. Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Hemendra J. Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and the Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone Street, 475 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Joseph H. Palmer
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Ag. Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and the Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone Street, 475 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
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DiNuzzo M, Nedergaard M. Brain energetics during the sleep-wake cycle. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 47:65-72. [PMID: 29024871 PMCID: PMC5732842 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain activity during wakefulness is associated with high metabolic rates that are believed to support information processing and memory encoding. In spite of loss of consciousness, sleep still carries a substantial energy cost. Experimental evidence supports a cerebral metabolic shift taking place during sleep that suppresses aerobic glycolysis, a hallmark of environment-oriented waking behavior and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies reveal that glial astrocytes respond to the reduction of wake-promoting neuromodulators by regulating volume, composition and glymphatic drainage of interstitial fluid. These events are accompanied by changes in neuronal discharge patterns, astrocyte-neuron interactions, synaptic transactions and underlying metabolic features. Internally-generated neuronal activity and network homeostasis are proposed to account for the high sleep-related energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY 14640, USA
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46
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Goyal MS, Vlassenko AG, Blazey TM, Su Y, Couture LE, Durbin TJ, Bateman RJ, Benzinger TLS, Morris JC, Raichle ME. Loss of Brain Aerobic Glycolysis in Normal Human Aging. Cell Metab 2017; 26:353-360.e3. [PMID: 28768174 PMCID: PMC5573225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The normal aging human brain experiences global decreases in metabolism, but whether this affects the topography of brain metabolism is unknown. Here we describe PET-based measurements of brain glucose uptake, oxygen utilization, and blood flow in cognitively normal adults from 20 to 82 years of age. Age-related decreases in brain glucose uptake exceed that of oxygen use, resulting in loss of brain aerobic glycolysis (AG). Whereas the topographies of total brain glucose uptake, oxygen utilization, and blood flow remain largely stable with age, brain AG topography changes significantly. Brain regions with high AG in young adults show the greatest change, as do regions with prolonged developmental transcriptional features (i.e., neoteny). The normal aging human brain thus undergoes characteristic metabolic changes, largely driven by global loss and topographic changes in brain AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tyler M Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lars E Couture
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tony J Durbin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L-S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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47
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Dagher A, Misic B. Holding Onto Youth. Cell Metab 2017; 26:284-285. [PMID: 28768166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis (AG), the synthesis of lactate despite the presence of oxygen, has been implicated in the growth of cancer cells, synaptic development, and brain plasticity. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Goyal et al. (2017) demonstrate that AG declines with age in the human brain, disappearing almost completely by age 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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48
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Saul MC, Seward CH, Troy JM, Zhang H, Sloofman LG, Lu X, Weisner PA, Caetano-Anolles D, Sun H, Zhao SD, Chandrasekaran S, Sinha S, Stubbs L. Transcriptional regulatory dynamics drive coordinated metabolic and neural response to social challenge in mice. Genome Res 2017; 27:959-972. [PMID: 28356321 PMCID: PMC5453329 DOI: 10.1101/gr.214221.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Agonistic encounters are powerful effectors of future behavior, and the ability to learn from this type of social challenge is an essential adaptive trait. We recently identified a conserved transcriptional program defining the response to social challenge across animal species, highly enriched in transcription factor (TF), energy metabolism, and developmental signaling genes. To understand the trajectory of this program and to uncover the most important regulatory influences controlling this response, we integrated gene expression data with the chromatin landscape in the hypothalamus, frontal cortex, and amygdala of socially challenged mice over time. The expression data revealed a complex spatiotemporal patterning of events starting with neural signaling molecules in the frontal cortex and ending in the modulation of developmental factors in the amygdala and hypothalamus, underpinned by a systems-wide shift in expression of energy metabolism-related genes. The transcriptional signals were correlated with significant shifts in chromatin accessibility and a network of challenge-associated TFs. Among these, the conserved metabolic and developmental regulator ESRRA was highlighted for an especially early and important regulatory role. Cell-type deconvolution analysis attributed the differential metabolic and developmental signals in this social context primarily to oligodendrocytes and neurons, respectively, and we show that ESRRA is expressed in both cell types. Localizing ESRRA binding sites in cortical chromatin, we show that this nuclear receptor binds both differentially expressed energy-related and neurodevelopmental TF genes. These data link metabolic and neurodevelopmental signaling to social challenge, and identify key regulatory drivers of this process with unprecedented tissue and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Saul
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Christopher H Seward
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Joseph M Troy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Illinois Informatics Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Laura G Sloofman
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xiaochen Lu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Patricia A Weisner
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Derek Caetano-Anolles
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sihai Dave Zhao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Computer Science
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lisa Stubbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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49
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Zilberter Y, Zilberter M. The vicious circle of hypometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: Ways and mechanisms of metabolic correction. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2217-2235. [PMID: 28463438 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypometabolism, characterized by decreased brain glucose consumption, is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Initial hypometabolic brain state, created by characteristic risk factors, may predispose the brain to acquired epilepsy and sporadic Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, which are the focus of this review. Analysis of available data suggests that deficient glucose metabolism is likely a primary initiating factor for these diseases, and that resulting neuronal dysfunction further promotes the metabolic imbalance, establishing an effective positive feedback loop and a downward spiral of disease progression. Therefore, metabolic correction leading to the normalization of abnormalities in glucose metabolism may be an efficient tool to treat the neurological disorders by counteracting their primary pathological mechanisms. Published and preliminary experimental results on this approach for treating Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy models support the efficacy of metabolic correction, confirming the highly promising nature of the strategy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Zilberter
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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50
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