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Ge T, Ning B, Wu Y, Chen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhao M. MicroRNA-specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers of apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:2499-2521. [PMID: 37878166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, it is involved in the regulation of apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. For example, the alteration of mitochondrial structure is facilitated by MicroRNA-1 through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, thereby mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MicroRNA-21 not only modulates the expression of NF-κB to suppress inflammatory signals but also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133 attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed the oxidative stress response, thereby mitigating cellular apoptosis. MicroRNA-139 modulates the extrinsic death signal of Fas, while MicroRNA-145 regulates endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload, both of which exert regulatory effects on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Therefore, the article categorizes the molecular mechanisms based on the three classical pathways and multiple signaling pathways of apoptosis. It summarizes the targets and pathways of MicroRNA therapy for ischemia-reperfusion injury and analyzes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bo Ning
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongqing Wu
- School of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hongfei Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shiji Avenue, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Deputy 2, Weiyang West Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712000, China.
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2
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Guo L, Li K, Ma Y, Niu H, Li J, Shao X, Li N, Sun Y, Wang H. MicroRNA-322-5p targeting Smurf2 regulates the TGF-β/Smad pathway to protect cardiac function and inhibit myocardial infarction. Hum Cell 2024; 37:972-985. [PMID: 38656742 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute coronary artery blockage leads to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells that rarely divide. Treatments preventing cardiomyocyte loss during AMI have a high therapeutic benefit. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the biological function and underlying regulatory molecular mechanism of miR-322-5p on myocardial infarction (MI). This study's miR-322-5p is downregulated in MI-injured hearts according to integrative bioinformatics and experimental analyses. In the MI rat model, miR-322-5p overexpression partially eliminated MI-induced changes in myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress markers, improved MI-caused impairment on cardiac functions, inhibited myocardial apoptosis, attenuated MI-caused alterations in TGF-β, p-Smad2, p-Smad4, and Smad7 protein levels. In oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured H9c2 cells, miR-322-5p overexpression partially rescued OGD-inhibited cell viability and attenuated OGD-caused alterations in the TGF-β/Smad signaling. miR-322-5p directly targeted Smurf2 and inhibited Smurf2 expression. In OGD-injured H9c2 cells, Smurf2 knockdown exerted similar effects to miR-322-5p overexpression upon cell viability and TGF-β/Smad signaling; moreover, Smurf2 knockdown partially attenuated miR-322-5p inhibition effects on OGD-injured H9c2 cells. In conclusion, miR-322-5p is downregulated in MI rat heart and OGD-stimulated rat cardiomyocytes; the miR-322-5p/Smurf2 axis improves OGD-inhibited cardiomyocyte cell viability and MI-induced cardiac injuries and dysfunction through the TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215129, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of General Practice, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiming Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuehui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Franco D, Sánchez-Fernández C, García-Padilla C, Lozano-Velasco E. Exploring the role non-coding RNAs during myocardial cell fate. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1339-1348. [PMID: 38775188 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial cell fate specification takes place during the early stages of heart development as the precardiac mesoderm is configured into two symmetrical sets of bilateral precursor cells. Molecular cues of the surrounding tissues specify and subsequently determine the early cardiomyocytes, that finally matured as the heart is completed at early postnatal stages. Over the last decade, we have greatly enhanced our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of cardiac development and thus of myocardial cell fate. The recent discovery of a novel layer of gene regulation by non-coding RNAs has flourished their implication in epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of cardiac development. In this review, we revised the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the functional role of non-coding RNAs during myocardial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen 23071, Spain
- Fundación Medina, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen 23071, Spain
- Fundación Medina, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen 23071, Spain
- Fundación Medina, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen 23071, Spain
- Fundación Medina, Granada, Spain
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4
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Nkechika V, Zhang N, Belsham DD. The Involvement of the microRNAs miR-466c and miR-340 in the Palmitate-Mediated Dysregulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:397. [PMID: 38674332 PMCID: PMC11048885 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets high in saturated fatty acids are associated with obesity and infertility. Palmitate, the most prevalent circulating saturated fatty acid, is sensed by hypothalamic neurons, contributing to homeostatic dysregulation. Notably, palmitate elevates the mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) mRNA and its activating transcription factor, GATA binding protein 4 (Gata4). GATA4 is essential for basal Gnrh expression by binding to its enhancer region, with Oct-1 (Oct1) and CEBP-β (Cebpb) playing regulatory roles. The pre- and post-transcriptional control of Gnrh by palmitate have not been investigated. Given the ability of palmitate to alter microRNAs (miRNAs), we hypothesized that palmitate-mediated dysregulation of Gnrh mRNA involves specific miRNAs. In the mHypoA-GnRH/GFP neurons, palmitate significantly downregulated six miRNAs (miR-125a, miR-181b, miR-340, miR-351, miR-466c and miR-503), and the repression was attenuated by co-treatment with 100 μM of oleate. Subsequent mimic transfections revealed that miR-466c significantly downregulates Gnrh, Gata4, and Chop mRNA and increases Per2, whereas miR-340 upregulates Gnrh, Gata4, Oct1, Cebpb, and Per2 mRNA. Our findings suggest that palmitate may indirectly regulate Gnrh at both the pre- and post-transcriptional levels by altering miR-466c and miR-340, which in turn regulate transcription factor expression levels. In summary, palmitate-mediated dysregulation of Gnrh and, consequently, reproductive function involves parallel transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nkechika
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (V.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ningtong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (V.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (V.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Wang G, Song S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. MicroRNA-322 overexpression reduces neural tube defects in diabetic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:254.e1-254.e13. [PMID: 37531989 PMCID: PMC10828117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia from pregestational diabetes mellitus induces neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Folate supplementation is the only effective way to prevent neural tube defects; however, some cases of neural tube defects are resistant to folate. Excess folate has been linked to higher maternal cancer risk and infant allergy. Therefore, additional interventions are needed. Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects can identify potential targets for preventing such defects. Despite not yet being in clinical use, growing evidence suggests that microRNAs are important intermediates in embryonic development and can serve as both biomarkers and drug targets for disease intervention. Our previous studies showed that maternal diabetes mellitus in vivo activates the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) in the developing embryo and that a high glucose condition in vitro reduces microRNA-322 (miR-322) levels. IRE1α is an RNA endonuclease; however, it is unknown whether IRE1α targets and degrades miR-322 specifically or whether miR-322 degradation leads to neural tube defects via apoptosis. We hypothesize that IRE1α can inhibit miR-322 in maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and that restoring miR-322 expression in developing neuroepithelium ameliorates neural tube defects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and to investigate the roles and relationship of a microRNA and an RNA endonuclease in mouse embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN To determine whether miR-322 reduction is necessary for neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, male mice carrying a transgene expressing miR-322 were mated with nondiabetic or diabetic wide-type female mice to generate embryos with or without miR-322 overexpression. At embryonic day 8.5 when the neural tube is not yet closed, embryos were harvested for the assessment of 3 miR-322 transcripts (primary, precursor, and mature miR-322), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and neuroepithelium cell survival. Neural tube defect incidences were determined in embryonic day 10.5 embryos when the neural tube should be closed if there is no neural tube defect formation. To identify which miR-322 transcript is affected by maternal diabetes mellitus and high glucose conditions, 3 miR-322 transcripts were assessed in embryos from dams with or without diabetes mellitus and in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells treated with different concentrations of glucose and at different time points. To determine whether the endonuclease IRE1α targets miR-322, small interfering RNA knockdown of IRE1α or overexpression of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α by DNA plasmid transfection was used to determine the effect of IRE1α deficiency or overexpression on miR-322 expression. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to reveal the direct targets of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α. RESULTS Maternal diabetes mellitus suppressed miR-322 expression in the developing neuroepithelium. Restoring miR-322 expression in the neuroepithelium blocked maternal diabetes mellitus-induced caspase-3 and caspase-8 cleavage and cell apoptosis, leading to a neural tube defect reduction. Reversal of maternal diabetes mellitus-inhibited miR-322 via transgenic overexpression prevented TRAF3 up-regulation in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. Activated IRE1α acted as an endonuclease and degraded precursor miR-322, resulting in mature miR-322 reduction. CONCLUSION This study supports the crucial role of the IRE1α-microRNA-TRAF3 circuit in the induction of neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and identifies IRE1α and miR-322 as potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shicong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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6
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Dong W, Weng JF, Zhu JB, Zheng YF, Liu LL, Dong C, Ruan Y, Fang X, Chen J, Liu WY, Peng XP, Chen XY. CREB-binding protein and HIF-1α/β-catenin to upregulate miR-322 and alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22996. [PMID: 37566526 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200596rrrrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a prevalent condition associated with numerous critical clinical conditions. miR-322 has been implicated in MIRI through poorly understood mechanisms. Our preliminary analysis indicated potential interaction of CREB-binding protein (CBP), a transcriptional coactivator and acetyltransferase, with HIF-1α/β-catenin, which might regulate miR-322 expression. We, therefore, hypothesized that CBP/HIF-1α/β-catenin/miR-322 axis might play a role in MIRI. Rat cardiomyocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation /reperfusion (OGD/R) and Langendorff perfused heart model were used to model MIRI in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We used various techniques such as CCK-8 assay, transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, western blotting, RT-qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase assay, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and TTC staining to assess cell viability, apoptosis, and the levels of CBP, HIF-1α, β-catenin, miR-322, and acetylation. Our results indicate that OGD/R in cardiomyocytes decreased CBP/HIF-1α/β-catenin/miR-322 expression, increased cell apoptosis and cytokines, and reduced cell viability. However, overexpression of CBP or miR-322 suppressed OGD/R-induced cell injury, while knockdown of HIF-1α/β-catenin further exacerbated the damage. HIF-1α/β-catenin bound to miR-322 promoter to promote its expression, while CBP acetylated HIF-1α/β-catenin for stabilization. Overexpression of CBP attenuated MIRI in rats by acetylating HIF-1α/β-catenin to stabilize their expression, resulting in stronger binding of HIF-1α/β-catenin with the miR-322 promoter and subsequent increased miR-322 levels. Therefore, activating CBP/HIF-1α/β-catenin/miR-322 signaling may be a potential approach to treat MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fei Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Fu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Munkhzul C, Lee JM, Kim B, Nguyen TTM, Ginting RP, Jeong D, Kim YK, Lee MW, Lee M. H19X-encoded microRNAs induced by IL-4 in adipocyte precursors regulate proliferation to facilitate differentiation. Biol Direct 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37322541 PMCID: PMC10273709 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an organ critical for systemic energy homeostasis, is influenced by type 2 immunity in its development and function. The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induces the proliferation of bipotential adipocyte precursors (APs) in white fat tissue and primes these cells for differentiation into beige adipocytes, which are specialized for thermogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively examined. Here, we identified six microRNA (miRNA) genes upregulated upon IL-4 stimulation in APs, miR-322, miR-503, miR-351, miR-542, miR-450a, and miR-450b; these are encoded in the H19X locus of the genome. Their expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor Klf4, whose expression also increases upon IL-4 stimulation. These miRNAs shared a large set of target genes, of which 381 genes were downregulated in mRNA expression upon IL-4 stimulation and enriched in Wnt signaling pathways. Two genes with downregulated expression, Ccnd1 and Fzd6, were repressed by H19X-encoded miRNAs. Additionally, the Wnt signaling activator LiCl downregulated the expression of this group of miRNAs in APs, indicating that Wnt signaling-related genes and these miRNAs form a double-negative feedback regulatory loop. This miRNA/Wnt feedback regulation modulated the elevated proliferation of APs induced by IL-4 stimulation and contributed to priming them for beige adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the aberrant expression of these miRNAs attenuates the differentiation of APs into beige adipocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that H19X-encoded miRNAs facilitate the transition of APs from proliferation to differentiation in the IL-4-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Boseon Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Thi Thanh My Nguyen
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Rehna Paula Ginting
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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Liu K, Peng X, Luo L. miR-322 promotes the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36932296 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that miR-322 regulates the functions of various stem cells. However, the role and mechanism of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) differentiation into cardiomyocytes remains unknown. Celf1 plays a vital role in stem cell differentiation and may be a potential target of miR-322 in ESCs' differentiation. We studied the function of miR-322An using mESCs transfected with lentivirus-mediated miR-322. RT-PCR results indicated that miR-322 increased NKX-2.5, MLC2V, and α-MHC mRNA expression, signifying that miR-322 might promote the differentiation of ESCs toward cardiomyocytes in vitro. The western blotting and immunofluorescence results confirmed this conclusion. In addition, the knockdown of miR-322 expression inhibited ESCs' differentiation toward cardiomyocytes in cultured ESCs in vitro. Western blotting results showed that miR-322 suppressed celf1 protein expression. Furthermore, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence results showed that celf1 may inhibit ESCs' differentiation toward cardiomyocytes in vitro. Overall, the results indicate that miR-322 might promote ESCs' differentiation toward cardiomyocytes by regulating celf1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China.
- , Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China
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9
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Zare A, Salehpour A, Khoradmehr A, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Almasi-Turk S, Mahdipour M, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. Epigenetic Modification Factors and microRNAs Network Associated with Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Cardiomyocytes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020569. [PMID: 36836926 PMCID: PMC9965891 DOI: 10.3390/life13020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we reviewed the differentiation of these cell types into cardiomyocytes from an epigenetic standpoint. We also provided a miRNA network that is devoted to the epigenetic commitment of stem cells toward cardiomyocyte cells and related diseases, such as congenital heart defects, comprehensively. Histone acetylation, methylation, DNA alterations, N6-methyladenosine (m6a) RNA methylation, and cardiac mitochondrial mutations are explored as potential tools for precise stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Aria Salehpour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sahar Almasi-Turk
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz 7135644144, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
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10
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The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
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11
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Jang J, Song G, Pettit SM, Li Q, Song X, Cai CL, Kaushal S, Li D. Epicardial HDAC3 Promotes Myocardial Growth Through a Novel MicroRNA Pathway. Circ Res 2022; 131:151-164. [PMID: 35722872 PMCID: PMC9308743 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment of the myocardial wall requires proper growth cues from nonmyocardial tissues. During heart development, the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells instruct myocardial growth by secreting essential factors including FGF (fibroblast growth factor) 9 and IGF (insulin-like growth factor) 2. However, it is poorly understood how the epicardial secreted factors are regulated, in particular by chromatin modifications for myocardial formation. The current study is to investigate whether and how HDAC (histone deacetylase) 3 in the developing epicardium regulates myocardial growth. METHODS Various cellular and mouse models in conjunction with biochemical and molecular tools were employed to study the role of HDAC3 in the developing epicardium. RESULTS We deleted Hdac3 in the developing murine epicardium, and mutant hearts showed ventricular myocardial wall hypoplasia with reduction of epicardium-derived cells. The cultured embryonic cardiomyocytes with supernatants from Hdac3 knockout (KO) mouse epicardial cells also showed decreased proliferation. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that Fgf9 and Igf2 were significantly downregulated in Hdac3 KO mouse epicardial cells. We further found that Fgf9 and Igf2 expression is dependent on HDAC3 deacetylase activity. The supplementation of FGF9 or IGF2 can rescue the myocardial proliferation defects treated by Hdac3 KO supernatant. Mechanistically, we identified that microRNA (miR)-322 and miR-503 were upregulated in Hdac3 KO mouse epicardial cells and Hdac3 epicardial KO hearts. Overexpression of miR-322 or miR-503 repressed FGF9 and IGF2 expression, while knockdown of miR-322 or miR-503 restored FGF9 and IGF2 expression in Hdac3 KO mouse epicardial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a critical signaling pathway in which epicardial HDAC3 promotes compact myocardial growth by stimulating FGF9 and IGF2 through repressing miR-322 or miR-503, providing novel insights in elucidating the etiology of congenital heart defects and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Guang Song
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sarah M. Pettit
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Qinshan Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Xiaosu Song
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Chen-leng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46201
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammation Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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12
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Sun P, Wang C, Mang G, Xu X, Fu S, Chen J, Wang X, Wang W, Li H, Zhao P, Li Y, Chen Q, Wang N, Tong Z, Fu X, Lang Y, Duan S, Liu D, Zhang M, Tian J. Extracellular vesicle-packaged mitochondrial disturbing miRNA exacerbates cardiac injury during acute myocardial infarction. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e779. [PMID: 35452193 PMCID: PMC9028097 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are effective communicators in biological signalling in cardiac physiology and pathology. However, the role of EVs in cardiac injury, particularly in ischemic myocardial scenarios, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐induced EVs can impair cardiomyocyte survival and exacerbate cardiac injury. EV‐encapsulated miR‐503, which is enriched during the early phase of AMI, is a critical molecule that mediates myocardial injury. Functional studies revealed that miR‐503 promoted cardiomyocyte death by directly binding to peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1β (PGC‐1β) and a mitochondrial deacetylase, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), thereby triggering mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death. Mechanistically, we identified endothelial cells as the primary source of miR‐503 in EVs after AMI. Hypoxia induced rapid H3K4 methylation of the promoter of the methyltransferase‐like 3 gene (METTL3) and resulted in its overexpression. METTL3 overexpression evokes N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐dependent miR‐503 biogenesis in endothelial cells. In summary, this study highlights a novel endogenous mechanism wherein EVs aggravate myocardial injury during the onset of AMI via endothelial cell‐secreted miR‐503 shuttling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Mang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Harbin city, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hairu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Naixin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Lang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shasha Duan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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13
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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14
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Liang R, Shen X, Wang F, Wang X, DesJarlais A, Syed A, Saba R, Tan Z, Yu F, Ji X, Shrestha S, Ren Y, Yang J, Park Y, Schwartz RJ, Soibam B, McConnell BK, Stewart MD, Kumar A, Liu Y. H19X-encoded miR-322(424)/miR-503 regulates muscle mass by targeting translation initiation factors. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:2174-2186. [PMID: 34704401 PMCID: PMC8718088 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating complication of many chronic diseases, disuse conditions, and ageing. Genome-wide gene expression analyses have identified that elevated levels of microRNAs encoded by the H19X locus are among the most significant changes in skeletal muscles in a wide scope of human cachectic conditions. We have previously reported that the H19X locus is important for the establishment of striated muscle fate during embryogenesis. However, the role of H19X-encoded microRNAs in regulating skeletal mass in adults is unknown. METHODS We have created a transgenic mouse strain in which ectopic expression of miR-322/miR-503 is driven by the skeletal muscle-specific muscle creatine kinase promoter. We also used an H19X mutant mouse strain in which transcription from the locus is interrupted by a gene trap. Animal phenotypes were analysed by standard histological methods. Underlying mechanisms were explored by using transcriptome profiling and validated in the two animal models and cultured myotubes. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the levels of H19X microRNAs are inversely related to postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Targeted overexpression of miR-322/miR-503 impeded skeletal muscle growth. The weight of gastrocnemius muscles of transgenic mice was only 54.5% of the counterparts of wild-type littermates. By contrast, interruption of transcription from the H19X locus stimulates postnatal muscle growth by 14.4-14.9% and attenuates the loss of skeletal muscle mass in response to starvation by 12.8-21.0%. Impeded muscle growth was not caused by impaired IGF1/AKT/mTOR signalling or a hyperactive ubiquitin-proteasome system, instead accompanied by markedly dropped abundance of translation initiation factors in transgenic mice. miR-322/miR-503 directly targets eIF4E, eIF4G1, eIF4B, eIF2B5, and eIF3M. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates a novel pathway wherein H19X microRNAs regulate skeletal muscle growth and atrophy through regulating the abundance of translation initiation factors, thereby protein synthesis. The study highlights how translation initiation factors lie at the crux of multiple signalling pathways that control skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Shen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Alex DesJarlais
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anam Syed
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Saba
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Ji
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shreesti Shrestha
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yinghong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M David Stewart
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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MicroRNAs and exosomes: Cardiac stem cells in heart diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153701. [PMID: 34872024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treating cardiovascular diseases with cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is a valid treatment among various stem cell-based therapies. With supplying the physiological need for cardiovascular cells as their main function, under pathological circumstances, CSCs can also reproduce the myocardial cells. Although studies have identified many of CSCs' functions, our knowledge of molecular pathways that regulate these functions is not complete enough. Either physiological or pathological studies have shown, stem cells proliferation and differentiation could be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). How miRNAs regulate CSC behavior is an interesting area of research that can help us study and control the function of these cells in vitro; an achievement that may be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The secretome of stem and progenitor cells has been studied and it has been determined that exosomes are the main source of their secretion which are very small vesicles at the nanoscale and originate from endosomes, which are secreted into the extracellular space and act as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication. Mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes release exosomes that have been shown to have cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects. Herein, we summarize the regulation roles of miRNAs and exosomes in cardiac stem cells.
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Hunkler HJ, Groß S, Thum T, Bär C. Non-coding RNAs: key regulators of reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac cell specification with therapeutic perspective for heart regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3071-3084. [PMID: 34718448 PMCID: PMC9732524 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes a massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can lead to heart failure accompanied by fibrosis, stiffening of the heart, and loss of function. Heart failure causes high mortality rates and is a huge socioeconomic burden, which, based on diets and lifestyle in the developed world, is expected to increase further in the next years. At present, the only curative treatment for heart failure is heart transplantation associated with a number of limitations such as donor organ availability and transplant rejection among others. Thus, the development of cellular reprogramming and defined differentiation protocols provide exciting new possibilities for cell therapy approaches and which opened up a new era in regenerative medicine. Consequently, tremendous research efforts were undertaken to gain a detailed molecular understanding of the reprogramming processes and the in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into functional CMs for transplantation into the patient's injured heart. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs emerged as critical regulators of gene expression that were shown to fine-tune cellular processes both on the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional level. Unsurprisingly, also cellular reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac differentiation and maturation are regulated by non-coding RNAs. In here, we review the current knowledge on non-coding RNAs in these processes and highlight how their modulation may enhance the quality and quantity of stem cells and their derivatives for safe and efficient clinical application in patients with heart failure. In addition, we summarize the clinical cell therapy efforts undertaken thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Hunkler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Groß
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bär
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
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17
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Schorr AL, Mangone M. miRNA-Based Regulation of Alternative RNA Splicing in Metazoans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111618. [PMID: 34769047 PMCID: PMC8584187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is an important regulatory process used by genes to increase their diversity. This process is mainly executed by specific classes of RNA binding proteins that act in a dosage-dependent manner to include or exclude selected exons in the final transcripts. While these processes are tightly regulated in cells and tissues, little is known on how the dosage of these factors is achieved and maintained. Several recent studies have suggested that alternative RNA splicing may be in part modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs (~22 nt in length) that inhibit translation of specific mRNA transcripts. As evidenced in tissues and in diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders, the dysregulation of miRNA pathways disrupts downstream alternative RNA splicing events by altering the dosage of splicing factors involved in RNA splicing. This attractive model suggests that miRNAs can not only influence the dosage of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level but also indirectly interfere in pre-mRNA splicing at the co-transcriptional level. The purpose of this review is to compile and analyze recent studies on miRNAs modulating alternative RNA splicing factors, and how these events contribute to transcript rearrangements in tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Schorr
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Marco Mangone
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-965-7957
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18
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In vitro CSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit the typical microRNA-mRNA blueprint of endogenous cardiomyocytes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1146. [PMID: 34593953 PMCID: PMC8484596 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs modulate cardiomyocyte specification by targeting mRNAs of cell cycle regulators and acting in cardiac muscle lineage gene regulatory loops. It is unknown if or to-what-extent these miRNA/mRNA networks are operative during cardiomyocyte differentiation of adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs). Clonally-derived mouse CSCs differentiated into contracting cardiomyocytes in vitro (iCMs). Comparison of "CSCs vs. iCMs" mRNome and microRNome showed a balanced up-regulation of CM-related mRNAs together with a down-regulation of cell cycle and DNA replication mRNAs. The down-regulation of cell cycle genes and the up-regulation of the mature myofilament genes in iCMs reached intermediate levels between those of fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyo-miRs were up-regulated in iCMs. The specific networks of miRNA/mRNAs operative in iCMs closely resembled those of adult CMs (aCMs). miR-1 and miR-499 enhanced myogenic commitment toward terminal differentiation of iCMs. In conclusions, CSC specification/differentiation into contracting iCMs follows known cardiomyo-MiR-dependent developmental cardiomyocyte differentiation trajectories and iCMs transcriptome/miRNome resembles that of CMs.
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Abstract
Manipulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression has been shown to induce cardiac regeneration, consolidating their therapeutic potential. However, studies often validate only a few miRNA targets in each experiment and hold these targets entirely accountable for the miRNAs' action, ignoring the other potential molecular and cellular events involved. In this report, experimentally validated miRNAs are used as a window of discovery for the possible genes and signaling pathways that are implicated in cardiac regeneration. A thorough evidence search was conducted, and identified miRNAs were submitted for in silico dissection using reliable bioinformatics tools. A total of 46 miRNAs were retrieved from existing literature. Shared targets between miRNAs included well-recognized genes such as BCL-2, CCND1, and PTEN. Transcription factors that are possibly involved in the regeneration process such as SP1, CTCF, and ZNF263 were also identified. The analysis confirmed well-established signaling pathways involved in cardiac regeneration such as Hippo, MAPK, and AKT signaling, and revealed new pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, and FoxO signaling on top of hormonal pathways such as thyroid, adrenergic, and estrogen signaling pathways. Additionally, a set of differentially expressed miRNAs were identified as potential future experimental candidates.
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20
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von Siebenthal M, Besic M, Gheinani AH, Akshay A, Lizun-Platoni S, Kunz N, Burkhard FC, Monastyrskaya K. Urinary miRNA profiles discriminate between obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction and healthy controls. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10204. [PMID: 33986358 PMCID: PMC8119692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urgency, frequency and incomplete emptying are the troublesome symptoms often shared between benign prostatic obstruction-induced (BLUTD) and neurogenic (NLUTD) lower urinary tract dysfunction. Previously, using bladder biopsies, we suggested a panel of miRNA biomarkers for different functional phenotypes of the bladder. Urine is a good source of circulating miRNAs, but sex- and age-matched controls are important for urinary metabolite comparison. In two groups of healthy subjects (average age 32 and 57 years old, respectively) the total protein and RNA content was very similar between age groups, but the number of secreted extracellular vesicles (uEVs) and expression of several miRNAs were higher in the young healthy male volunteers. Timing of urine collection was not important for these parameters. We also evaluated the suitability of urinary miRNAs for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). A three urinary miRNA signature (miR-10a-5p, miR-301b-3p and miR-363-3p) could discriminate between controls and patients with LUTD (BLUTD and NLUTD). This panel of representative miRNAs can be further explored to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for BOO. The age-related discrepancy in the urinary miRNA content observed in this study points to the importance of selecting appropriate, age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle von Siebenthal
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Besic
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akshay Akshay
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Kunz
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiona C Burkhard
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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Yuan T, Krishnan J. Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650566. [PMID: 33841185 PMCID: PMC8024481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult heart has a limited capacity to replace or regenerate damaged cardiac tissue following severe myocardial injury. Thus, therapies facilitating the induction of cardiac regeneration holds great promise for the treatment of end-stage heart failure, and for pathologies invoking severe cardiac dysfunction as a result of cardiomyocyte death. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that cardiac regeneration can be achieved through modulation and/or reprogramming of cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival signaling. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are reported to play critical roles in regulating key aspects of cardiomyocyte physiologic and pathologic signaling, including the regulation of cardiac regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will explore and detail the current understanding of ncRNA function in cardiac regeneration, and highlight established and novel strategies for the treatment of heart failure through modulation of ncRNAs-driven cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Ziegler N, Bader E, Epanchintsev A, Margerie D, Kannt A, Schmoll D. AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 define an isoform-specific gene signature in human pluripotent stem cells, differentially mediating cardiac lineage specification. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17659-17671. [PMID: 33454005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism that phosphorylates a wide range of proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. AMPK consists of three subunits: α, β, and γ. AMPKα and β are encoded by two genes, the γ subunit by three genes, all of which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. It is not fully understood, whether individual isoforms have different functions. Using RNA-Seq technology, we provide evidence that the loss of AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 lead to different gene expression profiles in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), indicating isoform-specific function. The knockout of AMPKβ2 was associated with a higher number of differentially regulated genes than the deletion of AMPKβ1, suggesting that AMPKβ2 has a more comprehensive impact on the transcriptome. Bioinformatics analysis identified cell differentiation as one biological function being specifically associated with AMPKβ2. Correspondingly, the two isoforms differentially affected lineage decision toward a cardiac cell fate. Although the lack of PRKAB1 impacted differentiation into cardiomyocytes only at late stages of cardiac maturation, the availability of PRKAB2 was indispensable for mesoderm specification as shown by gene expression analysis and histochemical staining for cardiac lineage markers such as cTnT, GATA4, and NKX2.5. Ultimately, the lack of AMPKβ1 impairs, whereas deficiency of AMPKβ2 abrogates differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that AMPK affects cellular physiology by engaging in the regulation of hiPSC transcription in an isoform-specific manner, providing the basis for further investigations elucidating the role of dedicated AMPK subunits in the modulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziegler
- Research & Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Erik Bader
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexey Epanchintsev
- Research & Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Margerie
- Research & Development, Digital Data Sciences, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Research & Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Schmoll
- Research & Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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23
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He Y, Cai Y, Pai PM, Ren X, Xia Z. The Causes and Consequences of miR-503 Dysregulation and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629611. [PMID: 33762949 PMCID: PMC7982518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that miRs participate in various biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and development, and the dysregulation of miRs expression are involved in different human diseases, such as neurological, cardiovascular disease and cancer. microRNA-503 (miR-503), one member of miR-16 family, has been studied widely in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies of miR-503 in vitro and in vivo, and how miR-503 regulates gene expression from different aspects of pathological processes of diseases, including carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and oxidative stress; We will also discuss the mechanisms of dysregulation of miR-503, and whether miR-503 could be applied as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pearl Mingchu Pai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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24
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Derkus B. Human cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes induce cardiac gene expressions in mesenchymal stromal cells within 3D hyaluronic acid hydrogels and in dose-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:2. [PMID: 33469781 PMCID: PMC7815535 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing a reliable lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells is vital in tissue engineering applications, however, this need remained unmet. Extracellular nanovesicles (particularly exosomes) have previously been shown to have this potential owing to their rich biochemical content including proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites. In this work, the potential of human cardiomyocytes-derived exosomes to induce in vitro cardiac gene expressions in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was evaluated. Cardiac exosomes (CExo) were integrated with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel, which was functionalized with tyramine (HA-Tyr) to enable the development of 3D (three dimensional), robust and bioactive hybrid cell culture construct through oxidative coupling. In HA-Tyr/CExo 3D hybrid hydrogels, hMSCs exhibited good viability and proliferation behaviours. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that cells incubated within HA-Tyr/CExo expressed early cardiac progenitor cell markers (GATA4, Nkx2.5 and Tbx5), but not cTnT, which is expressed in the late stages of cardiac differentiation and development. The expressions of cardiac genes were remarkably increased with increasing CExo concentration, signifying a dose-dependent induction of hMSCs. This report, to some extent, explains the potential of tissue-specific exosomes to induce lineage-specific differentiation. However, the strategy requires further mechanistic explanations so that it can be utilized in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Derkus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Dong W, Liu Q, Wang ZC, Du XX, Liu LL, Wang N, Weng JF, Peng XP. miR-322/miR-503 clusters regulate defective myoblast differentiation in myotonic dystrophy RNA-toxic by targeting Celf1. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:29-39. [PMID: 33613970 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a genetic disorder featured by muscular dystrophy. It is caused by CUG expansion in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene that leads to aberrant signaling and impaired myocyte differentiation. Many studies have shown that microRNAs are involved in the differentiation process of myoblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the miR-322/miR-503 cluster regulates intracellular signaling to affect cell differentiation. The cell model of DM1 was employed by expressing GFP-CUG200 or CUGBP Elav-like family member 1 (Celf1) in myoblasts. Immunostaining of MF-20 was performed to examine myocyte differentiation. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the levels of Celf1, MyoD, MyoG, Mef2c, miR-322/miR-503, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling. Dual luciferase assay was performed to validate the interaction between miR-322/miR-503 and Celf1. CUG expansion in myoblasts impaired the cell differentiation, increased the Celf1 level, but it decreased the miR-322/miR-503 levels. miR-322/miR-503 mimics restored the impaired differentiation caused by CUG expansion, while miR-322/miR-503 inhibitors further suppressed. miR-322/miR-503 directly targeted Celf1 and negatively regulated its expression. Knockdown of Celf1 promoted myocyte differentiation. Further, miR-322/miR-503 mimics rescued the impaired differentiation of myocytes caused by CUG expansion or Celf1 overexpression through suppressing of MEK/ERK signaling. miR-322/miR-503 cluster recover the defective myocyte differentiation caused by RNA-toxic via targeting Celf1. Restoring miR-322/miR-503 levels could be an avenue for DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Xiang Du
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Fei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
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26
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Zheng M, Wang M. A narrative review of the roles of the miR-15/107 family in heart disease: lessons and prospects for heart disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 33553359 PMCID: PMC7859774 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. To reduce morbidity and mortality among patients with heart disease, it is important to identify drug targets and biomarkers for more effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are characterized as a group of endogenous, small non-coding RNAs, which function by directly inhibiting target genes. The miR-15/107 family is a group of evolutionarily conserved miRNAs comprising 10 members that share an identical motif of AGCAGC, which determines overlapping target genes and cooperation in the biological process. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the predominant dysregulation of the miR-15/107 family in cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the miR-15/107 family, focusing on its role in the regulation in the development of the heart and the progression of heart disease. We also discuss the potential of different members of the miR-15/107 family as biomarkers for diverse heart disease, as well as the current applications and challenges in the use of the miR-15/107 family in clinical trials for various disease. This paper hopes to explore the potential of the miR-15/107 family as therapeutic targets or biomarkers and to provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Shen X, Xu F, Li M, Wu S, Zhang J, Wang A, Xu L, Liu Y, Zhu G. miR-322/-503 rescues myoblast defects in myotonic dystrophy type 1 cell model by targeting CUG repeats. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:891. [PMID: 33093470 PMCID: PMC7582138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common type of adult muscular dystrophy caused by the expanded triple-nucleotides (CUG) repeats. Myoblast in DM1 displayed many defects, including defective myoblast differentiation, ribonuclear foci, and aberrant alternative splicing. Despite many were revealed to function in DM1, microRNAs that regulated DM1 via directly targeting the expanded CUG repeats were rarely reported. Here we discovered that miR-322/-503 rescued myoblast defects in DM1 cell model by targeting the expanded CUG repeats. First, we studied the function of miR-322/-503 in normal C2C12 myoblast cells. Downregulation of miR-322/-503 significantly hindered the myoblast differentiation, while miR-322/-503 overexpression promoted the process. Next, we examined the role of miR-322/-503 in the DM1 C2C12 cell model. miR-322/-503 was downregulated in the differentiation of DM1 C2C12 cells. When we introduced ectopic miR-322/-503 expression into DM1 C2C12 cells, myoblast defects were almost fully rescued, marked by significant improvements of myoblast differentiation and repressions of ribonuclear foci formation and aberrant alternative splicing. Then we investigated the downstream mechanism of miR-322/-503 in DM1. Agreeing with our previous work, Celf1 was proven to be miR-322/-503′s target. Celf1 knockdown partially reproduced miR-322/-503′s function in rescuing DM1 C2C12 differentiation but was unable to repress ribonuclear foci, suggesting other targets of miR-322/-503 existed in the DM1 C2C12 cells. As the seed regions of miR-322 and miR-503 were complementary to the CUG repeats, we hypothesized that the CUG repeats were the target of miR-322/-503. Through expression tests, reporter assays, and colocalization staining, miR-322/-503 was proved to directly and specifically target the expanded CUG repeats in the DM1 cell model rather than the shorter ones in normal cells. Those results implied a potential therapeutic function of miR-322/-503 on DM1, which needed further investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
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28
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Castaldi A, Horie M, Rieger ME, Dubourd M, Sunohara M, Pandit K, Zhou B, Offringa IA, Marconett CN, Borok Z. Genome-wide integration of microRNA and transcriptomic profiles of differentiating human alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L173-L184. [PMID: 32432919 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00519.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium is comprised of two cell types, alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells, the latter being capable of self-renewal and transdifferentiation into AT1 cells for normal maintenance and restoration of epithelial integrity following injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of several biological processes, including cell differentiation; however, their role in establishment/maintenance of cellular identity in adult alveolar epithelium is not well understood. To investigate this question, we performed genome-wide analysis of sequential changes in miRNA and gene expression profiles using a well-established model in which human AT2 (hAT2) cells transdifferentiate into AT1-like cells over time in culture that recapitulates many aspects of transdifferentiation in vivo. We defined three phases of miRNA expression during the transdifferentiation process as "early," "late," and "consistently" changed, which were further subclassified as up- or downregulated. miRNAs with altered expression at all time points during transdifferentiation were the largest subgroup, suggesting the need for consistent regulation of signaling pathways to mediate this process. Target prediction analysis and integration with previously published gene expression data identified glucocorticoid signaling as the top pathway regulated by miRNAs. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) emerged as a central regulatory factor, whose downregulation correlated temporally with gain of hsa-miR-424 and hsa-miR-503 expression. Functional validation demonstrated specific targeting of these miRNAs to the 3'-untranslated region of SGK1. These data demonstrate the time-related contribution of miRNAs to the alveolar transdifferentiation process and suggest that inhibition of glucocorticoid signaling is necessary to achieve the AT1-like cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castaldi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan E Rieger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mickael Dubourd
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kusum Pandit
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ite A Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Comprehensive Overview of Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:197-211. [PMID: 32285413 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac development in the human embryo is characterized by the interactions of several transcription and growth factors leading the heart from a primordial linear tube into a synchronous contractile four-chamber organ. Studies on cardiogenesis showed that cell proliferation, differentiation, fate specification and morphogenesis are spatiotemporally coordinated by cell-cell interactions and intracellular signalling cross-talks. In recent years, research has focused on a class of inter- and intra-cellular modulators called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcribed from the noncoding portion of the DNA and involved in the proper formation of the heart. In this chapter, we will summarize the current state of the art on the roles of three major forms of ncRNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] in orchestrating the four sequential phases of cardiac organogenesis.
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30
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Wong LL, Zou R, Zhou L, Lim JY, Phua DCY, Liu C, Chong JPC, Ng JYX, Liew OW, Chan SP, Chen YT, Chan MMY, Yeo PSD, Ng TP, Ling LH, Sim D, Leong KTG, Ong HY, Jaufeerally F, Wong R, Chai P, Low AF, Lund M, Devlin G, Troughton R, Cameron VA, Doughty RN, Lam CSP, Too HP, Richards AM. Combining Circulating MicroRNA and NT-proBNP to Detect and Categorize Heart Failure Subtypes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1300-1313. [PMID: 30898206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians need improved tools to better identify nonacute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to derive and validate circulating microRNA signatures for nonacute heart failure (HF). METHODS Discovery and validation cohorts (N = 1,710), comprised 903 HF and 807 non-HF patients from Singapore and New Zealand (NZ). MicroRNA biomarker panel discovery in a Singapore cohort (n = 546) was independently validated in a second Singapore cohort (Validation 1; n = 448) and a NZ cohort (Validation 2; n = 716). RESULTS In discovery, an 8-microRNA panel identified HF with an area under the curve (AUC) 0.96, specificity 0.88, and accuracy 0.89. Corresponding metrics were 0.88, 0.66, and 0.77 in Validation 1, and 0.87, 0.58, and 0.74 in Validation 2. Combining microRNA panels with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) clearly improved specificity and accuracy from AUC 0.96, specificity 0.91, and accuracy 0.90 for NT-proBNP alone to corresponding metrics of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.93 in the discovery and 0.97, 0.96, and 0.93 in Validation 1. The 8-microRNA discovery panel distinguished HFpEF from HF with reduced ejection fraction with AUC 0.81, specificity 0.66, and accuracy 0.72. Corresponding metrics were 0.65, 0.41, and 0.56 in Validation 1 and 0.65, 0.41, and 0.62 in Validation 2. For phenotype categorization, combined markers achieved AUC 0.87, specificity 0.75, and accuracy 0.77 in the discovery with corresponding metrics of 0.74, 0.59, and 0.67 in Validation 1 and 0.72, 0.52, and 0.68 in Validation 2, as compared with NT-proBNP alone of AUC 0.71, specificity 0.46, and accuracy 0.62 in the discovery; with corresponding metrics of 0.72, 0.44, and 0.57 in Validation 1 and 0.69, 0.48, and 0.66 in Validation 2. Accordingly, false negative (FN) (81% Singapore and all NZ FN cases were HFpEF) as classified by a guideline-endorsed NT-proBNP ruleout threshold, were correctly reclassified by the 8-microRNA panel in the majority (72% and 88% of FN in Singapore and NZ, respectively) of cases. CONCLUSIONS Multi-microRNA panels in combination with NT-proBNP are highly discriminatory and improved specificity and accuracy in identifying nonacute HF. These findings suggest potential utility in the identification of nonacute HF, where clinical assessment, imaging, and NT-proBNP may not be definitive, especially in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruiyang Zou
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore; MiRXES Pted Ltd, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore; MiRXES Pted Ltd, Singapore
| | - Jia Yuen Lim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jenny P C Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y X Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Poh Shuan D Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Apex Heart Clinic, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng H Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre, Singhealth, Singapore
| | - Kui Toh G Leong
- Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hean Y Ong
- Department of Cardiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fazlur Jaufeerally
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Raymond Wong
- Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ping Chai
- Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Adrian F Low
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mayanna Lund
- Middlemore Hospital, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Troughton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vicky A Cameron
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert N Doughty
- Heart Health Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Phon Too
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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31
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Nemoto T, Kakinuma Y. Fetal malnutrition-induced catch up failure is caused by elevated levels of miR-322 in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1339. [PMID: 31992823 PMCID: PMC6987214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
If sufficient nutrition is not obtained during pregnancy, the fetus changes its endocrine system and metabolism to protect the brain, resulting in a loss of body size. The detailed mechanisms that determine the success or failure of growth catch-up are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which catch-up growth failure occurs. The body weights of rat pups at birth from dams whose calorie intake during pregnancy was reduced by 40% were significantly lower than those of controls, and some offspring failed to catch up. Short-body-length and low-bodyweight rats showed blood IGF-1 levels and mRNA expression levels of IGF-1 and growth hormone receptor (GHR) in the liver that were lower than those in controls. The next generation offspring from low-bodyweight non-catch-up (LBW-NCG) rats had high expression of miR-322 and low expression of GHR and IGF-1. The expression of miR-322 showed a significant negative correlation with GHR expression and body length, and overexpression of miR-322 suppressed GHR expression. We found that insufficient intake of calories during pregnancy causes catch-up growth failure due to increased expression of miR-322 and decreased expression of GHR in the livers of offspring, and this effect is inherited by the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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32
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Islas JF, Abbasgholizadeh R, Dacso C, Potaman VN, Navran S, Bond RA, Iyer D, Birla R, Schwartz RJ. β-Adrenergic stimuli and rotating suspension culture enhance conversion of human adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells into highly conductive cardiac progenitors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:306-318. [PMID: 31821703 DOI: 10.1002/term.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials using human adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs) for the treatment of cardiac diseases have shown improvement in cardiac function and were proven safe. However, hAdMSCs do not convert efficiently into cardiomyocytes (CMs) or vasculature. Thus, reprogramming hAdMSCs into myocyte progenitors may fare better in future investigations. To reprogramme hAdMSCs into electrically conductive cardiac progenitor cells, we pioneered a three-step reprogramming strategy that uses proven MESP1/ETS2 transcription factors, β-adrenergic and hypoxic signalling induced in three-dimensional (3D) cardiospheres. In Stage 1, ETS2 and MESP1 activated NNKX2.5, TBX5, MEF2C, dHAND, and GATA4 during the conversion of hAdMSCs into cardiac progenitor cells. Next, in Stage 2, β2AR activation repositioned cardiac progenitors into de novo immature conductive cardiac cells, along with the appearance of RYR2, CAV2.1, CAV3.1, NAV1.5, SERCA2, and CX45 gene transcripts and displayed action potentials. In Stage 3, electrical conduction that was fostered by 3D cardiospheres formed in a Synthecon®, Inc. rotating bioreactor induced the appearance of hypoxic genes: HIF-1α/β, PCG 1α/β, and NOS2, which coincided with the robust activation of adult contractile genes including MLC2v, TNNT2, and TNNI3, ion channel genes, and the appearance of hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN1-4). Conduction velocities doubled to ~200 mm/s after hypoxia and doubled yet again after dissociation of the 3D cell clusters to ~400 mm/s. By comparison, normal conduction velocities within working ventricular myocytes in the whole heart range from 0.5 to 1 m/s. Epinephrine stimulation of stage 3 cardiac cells in patches resulted in an increase in amplitude of the electrical wave, indicative of conductive cardiac cells. Our efficient protocol that converted hAdMSCs into highly conductive cardiac progenitors demonstrated the potential utilization of stage 3 cells for tissue engineering applications for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Texas Heart Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Clifford Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Richard A Bond
- College of Pharmacy, Science and Engineering Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dinakar Iyer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ravi Birla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Texas Heart Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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33
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George MR, Duan Q, Nagle A, Kathiriya IS, Huang Y, Rao K, Haldar SM, Bruneau BG. Minimal in vivo requirements for developmentally regulated cardiac long intergenic non-coding RNAs. Development 2019; 146:dev.185314. [PMID: 31784461 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been implicated in gene regulation, but their requirement for development needs empirical interrogation. We computationally identified nine murine lincRNAs that have developmentally regulated transcriptional and epigenomic profiles specific to early heart differentiation. Six of the nine lincRNAs had in vivo expression patterns supporting a potential function in heart development, including a transcript downstream of the cardiac transcription factor Hand2, which we named Handlr (Hand2-associated lincRNA), Rubie and Atcayos We genetically ablated these six lincRNAs in mouse, which suggested genomic regulatory roles for four of the cohort. However, none of the lincRNA deletions led to severe cardiac phenotypes. Thus, we stressed the hearts of adult Handlr and Atcayos mutant mice by transverse aortic banding and found that absence of these lincRNAs did not affect cardiac hypertrophy or left ventricular function post-stress. Our results support roles for lincRNA transcripts and/or transcription in the regulation of topologically associated genes. However, the individual importance of developmentally specific lincRNAs is yet to be established. Their status as either gene-like entities or epigenetic components of the nucleus should be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R George
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Irfan S Kathiriya
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kavitha Rao
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA .,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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34
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Barreto S, Hamel L, Schiatti T, Yang Y, George V. Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Stem Cells: Learning from Genetics and Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:E1536. [PMID: 31795206 PMCID: PMC6952950 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) show great potential as a cell resource for restoring cardiac function in patients affected by heart disease or heart failure. CPCs are proliferative and committed to cardiac fate, capable of generating cells of all the cardiac lineages. These cells offer a significant shift in paradigm over the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes owing to the latter's inability to recapitulate mature features of a native myocardium, limiting their translational applications. The iPSCs and direct reprogramming of somatic cells have been attempted to produce CPCs and, in this process, a variety of chemical and/or genetic factors have been evaluated for their ability to generate, expand, and maintain CPCs in vitro. However, the precise stoichiometry and spatiotemporal activity of these factors and the genetic interplay during embryonic CPC development remain challenging to reproduce in culture, in terms of efficiency, numbers, and translational potential. Recent advances in biomaterials to mimic the native cardiac microenvironment have shown promise to influence CPC regenerative functions, while being capable of integrating with host tissue. This review highlights recent developments and limitations in the generation and use of CPCs from stem cells, and the trends that influence the direction of research to promote better application of CPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barreto
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | | | - Teresa Schiatti
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Vinoj George
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
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35
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Pang JKS, Phua QH, Soh BS. Applications of miRNAs in cardiac development, disease progression and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31752983 PMCID: PMC6868784 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the complex human heart is tightly regulated at multiple levels, maintaining multipotency and proliferative state in the embryonic cardiovascular progenitors and thereafter suppressing progenitor characteristics to allow for terminal differentiation and maturation. Small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are at the level of post-transcriptional gene suppressors, which enhance the degradation or decay of their target protein-coding mRNAs. These miRNAs are known to play roles in a large number of biological events, cardiovascular development being no exception. A number of critical cardiac-specific miRNAs have been identified, of which structural developmental defects have been linked to dysregulation of miRNAs in the proliferating cardiac stem cells. These miRNAs present in the stem cell niche are lost when the cardiac progenitors terminally differentiate, resulting in the postnatal mitotic arrest of the heart. Therapeutic applications of these miRNAs extend to the realm of heart failure, whereby the death of heart cells in the ageing heart cannot be replaced due to the arrest of cell division. By utilizing miRNA therapy to control cell cycling, the regenerative potential of matured myocardium can be restored. This review will address the various cardiac progenitor-related miRNAs that control the development and proliferative potential of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qian Hua Phua
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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36
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López Castel A, Overby SJ, Artero R. MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Perspectives in Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225600. [PMID: 31717488 PMCID: PMC6888406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy involves two types of chronically debilitating rare neuromuscular diseases: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). Both share similarities in molecular cause, clinical signs, and symptoms with DM2 patients usually displaying milder phenotypes. It is well documented that key clinical symptoms in DM are associated with a strong mis-regulation of RNA metabolism observed in patient’s cells. This mis-regulation is triggered by two leading DM-linked events: the sequestration of Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) and the mis-regulation of the CUGBP RNA-Binding Protein Elav-Like Family Member 1 (CELF1) that cause significant alterations to their important functions in RNA processing. It has been suggested that DM1 may be treatable through endogenous modulation of the expression of MBNL and CELF1 proteins. In this study, we analyzed the recent identification of the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in DM and focus on the modulation of these miRNAs to therapeutically restore normal MBNL or CELF1 function. We also discuss additional prospective miRNA targets, the use of miRNAs as disease biomarkers, and additional promising miRNA-based and miRNA-targeting drug development strategies. This review provides a unifying overview of the dispersed data on miRNA available in the context of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo López Castel
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sarah Joann Overby
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (Eri Biotecmed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (R.A.)
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37
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Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Paulin R, Wu D, Hindmarch CCT, Archer SL, Song R, Moore JB, Provencher S, Zhang L, Uchida S. Clinical value of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C1-C28. [PMID: 31483703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed to RNA, mounting evidence indicates that only a minor proportion of these transcriptional products are actually translated into proteins. Since the discovery of the first non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the 1980s, the field has gone on to recognize ncRNAs as important molecular regulators of RNA activity and protein function, knowledge of which has stimulated the expansion of a scientific field that quests to understand the role of ncRNAs in cellular physiology, tissue homeostasis, and human disease. Although our knowledge of these molecules has significantly improved over the years, we have limited understanding of their precise functions, protein interacting partners, and tissue-specific activities. Adding to this complexity, it remains unknown exactly how many ncRNAs there are in existence. The increased use of high-throughput transcriptomics techniques has rapidly expanded the list of ncRNAs, which now includes classical ncRNAs (e.g., ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs), microRNAs, and long ncRNAs. In addition, splicing by-products of protein-coding genes and ncRNAs, so-called circular RNAs, are now being investigated. Because there is substantial heterogeneity in the functions of ncRNAs, we have summarized the present state of knowledge regarding the functions of ncRNAs in heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. This review highlights the pathophysiologic relevance of these ncRNAs in the context of human cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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38
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Fang X, Miao S, Yu Y, Ding F, Han X, Wu H, Zhao ZA, Wang Y, Hu S, Lei W. MIR148A family regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by inhibiting the DLL1-mediated NOTCH signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Chen Z, Su X, Shen Y, Jin Y, Luo T, Kim IM, Weintraub NL, Tang Y. MiR322 mediates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury via FBXW7/notch pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:67-74. [PMID: 31150734 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) causes loss of cardiomyocytes via oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. miR322, orthologous to human miR-424, was identified as an ischemia-induced angiogenic miRNA, but its cellular source and function in the setting of acute MI/R remains largely unknown. Using LacZ-tagged miR322 cluster reporter mice, we observed that vascular endothelial cells are the major cellular source of the miR322 cluster in adult hearts. Moreover, miR322 levels were significantly reduced in the heart at 24 h after MI/R injury. Intramyocardial injection of mimic-miR322 significantly diminished cardiac apoptosis (as determined by expression levels of active caspase 3 by Western blot analysis and immunostaining for TUNEL) and reduced infarct size by about 40%, in association with reduced FBXW7 and increased active Notch 1 levels in the ischemic hearts. FBXW7, which is an ubiquitin ligase that is crucial for activated Notch1 turnover, was identified as a direct target of miR322 via FBXW7 3'UTR reporter assay. Co-injection of FBXW7 plasmid with mimic-miR322 in ischemic hearts abolished the effect of mimic-miR322 to reduce apoptosis and infarct size in MI/R hearts. These data identify FBXW7 as a direct target of miR322 and suggest that miR322 could have potential therapeutic application for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xuan Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yue Jin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tong Luo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Fujita J, Tohyama S, Kishino Y, Okada M, Morita Y. Concise Review: Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:992-1002. [PMID: 31021504 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are the ideal cell sources for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In particular, regenerative therapy with hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is an unmet medical need for the treatment of severe heart failure. Cardiac differentiation protocols from hPSCs are made on the basis of cardiac development in vivo. However, current protocols have yet to yield 100% pure CMs, and their maturity is low. Cardiac development is regulated by the cardiac gene network, including transcription factors (TFs). According to our current understanding of cardiac development, cardiac TFs are sequentially expressed during cardiac commitment in hPSCs. Expression levels of each gene are strictly regulated by epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs significantly influence cardiac differentiation. These complex circuits of genetic and epigenetic factors dynamically affect protein expression and metabolic changes in cardiac differentiation and maturation. Here, we review cardiac differentiation protocols and their molecular machinery, closing with a discussion of the future challenges for producing hPSC-derived CMs. Stem Cells 2019;37:992-1002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Groenendyk J, Fan X, Peng Z, Kurgan L, Michalak M. Endoplasmic reticulum and the microRNA environment in the cardiovascular system 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:515-527. [PMID: 31063413 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses are important to human physiology and pathology, and the inability to adapt to cellular stress leads to cell death. To mitigate cellular stress and re-establish homeostasis, cells, including those in the cardiovascular system, activate stress coping response mechanisms. The endoplasmic reticulum, a component of the cellular reticular network in cardiac cells, mobilizes so-called endoplasmic reticulum stress coping responses, such as the unfolded protein response. MicroRNAs play an important part in the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis, perform a central role in the biology of the cardiac myocyte, and are involved in pathological cardiac function and remodeling. In this paper, we review a link between endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and microRNA with an emphasis on the impact on stress responses in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Groenendyk
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Xiao Fan
- b Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhenling Peng
- c Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- d Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.,e Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- a Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S7, Canada
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Aliberti P, Sethi R, Belgorosky A, Chandran UR, Plant TM, Walker WH. Gonadotrophin-mediated miRNA expression in testis at onset of puberty in rhesus monkey: predictions on regulation of thyroid hormone activity and DLK1-DIO3 locus. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:124-136. [PMID: 30590698 PMCID: PMC6396851 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of primate spermatogenesis remain poorly characterized. Previously, 48 h stimulation of the testes of three juvenile rhesus monkeys with pulsatile LH and FSH resulted in down-regulation of a cohort of genes recognized to favor spermatogonia stem cell renewal. This change in genetic landscape occurred in concert with amplification of Sertoli cell proliferation and the commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to differentiate. In this report, the non-protein coding small RNA transcriptomes of the same testes were characterized using RNA sequencing: 537 mature micro-RNAs (miRNAs), 322 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and 49 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) were identified. Pathway analysis of the 20 most highly expressed miRNAs suggested that these transcripts contribute to limiting the proliferation of the primate Sertoli cell during juvenile development. Gonadotrophin treatment resulted in differential expression of 35 miRNAs, 12 snoRNAs and four snRNA transcripts. Ten differentially expressed miRNAs were derived from the imprinted delta-like homolog 1-iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (DLK1-DIO3) locus that is linked to stem cell fate decisions. Four gonadotrophin-regulated expressed miRNAs were predicted to trigger a local increase in thyroid hormone activity within the juvenile testis. The latter finding leads us to predict that, in primates, a gonadotrophin-induced selective increase in testicular thyroid hormone activity, together with the established increase in androgen levels, at the onset of puberty is necessary for the normal timing of Sertoli cell maturation, and therefore initiation of spermatogenesis. Further examination of this hypothesis requires that peripubertal changes in thyroid hormone activity of the testis of a representative higher primate be determined empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aliberti
- Endocrine Service, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881(C 1245 AAM) C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rahil Sethi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Endocrine Service, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881(C 1245 AAM) C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tony M Plant
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wang F, Liang R, Tandon N, Matthews ER, Shrestha S, Yang J, Soibam B, Yang J, Liu Y. H19X-encoded miR-424(322)/-503 cluster: emerging roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, plasticity and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:903-920. [PMID: 30474694 PMCID: PMC6394552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miR-424(322)/-503 are mammal-specific members of the extended miR-15/107 microRNA family. They form a co-expression network with the imprinted lncRNA H19 in tetrapods. miR-424(322)/-503 regulate fundamental cellular processes including cell cycle, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia and other stress response. They control tissue differentiation (cardiomyocyte, skeletal muscle, monocyte) and remodeling (mammary gland involution), and paradoxically participate in tumor initiation and progression. Expression of miR-424(322)/-503 is governed by unique mechanisms involving sex hormones. Here, we summarize current literature and provide a primer for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Neha Tandon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Matthews
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shreesti Shrestha
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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MiR-15b and miR-322 inhibit SETD3 expression to repress muscle cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30796205 PMCID: PMC6385263 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SETD3 is a member of SET-domain containing methyltransferase family, which plays critical roles in various biological events. It has been shown that SETD3 could regulate the transcription of myogenic regulatory genes in C2C12 differentiation and promote myoblast determination. However, how SETD3 is regulated during myoblast differentiation is still unknown. Here, we report that two important microRNAs (miRNAs) could repress SETD3 and negatively contribute to myoblast differentiation. Using microRNA (miRNA) prediction engines, we identify and characterize miR-15b and miR-322 as the primary miRNAs that repress the expression of SETD3 through directly targeting the 3’-untranslated region of SETD3 gene. Functionally, overexpression of miR-15b or miR-322 leads to the repression of endogenous SETD3 expression and the inhibition of myoblast differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-15b or miR-322 derepresses endogenous SETD3 expression and facilitates myoblast differentiation. In addition, knockdown SETD3 in miR-15b or miR-322 repressed myoblasts is able to rescue the facilitated differentiation phenotype. More interestingly, we revealed that transcription factor E2F1 or FAM3B positively or negatively regulates miR-15b or miR-322 expression, respectively, during muscle cell differentiation, which in turn affects SETD3 expression. Therefore, our results establish two parallel cascade regulatory pathways, in which transcription factors regulate microRNAs fates, thereby controlling SETD3 expression and eventually determining skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Dong W, Xie F, Chen XY, Huang WL, Zhang YZ, Luo WB, Chen J, Xie MT, Peng XP. Inhibition of Smurf2 translation by miR-322/503 protects from ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating EZH2/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C253-C261. [PMID: 30649914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a common and lethal disease that threatens people's life worldwide. The underlying mechanisms are under intensive study and yet remain unclear. Here, we explored the function of miR-322/503 in myocardial I/R injury. We used isolated rat perfused heart as an in vivo model and H9c2 cells subjected with the oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion as in vitro model to study myocardial I/R injury. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the infarct size, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end label (TUNEL) staining was used to examine apoptosis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine expression levels of miR-322/503, Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), p-Akt, and p-GSK3β. Overexpression of miR-322/503 decreased infarct size, inhibited cell apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation through upregualtion of p-Akt and p-GSK3β. Thus the expression of miR-322/503 was reduced during I/R process. On the molecular level, miR-322/503 directly bound Smurf2 mRNA and suppressed its translation. Smurf2 ubiquitinated EZH2 and degraded EZH2, which could activate Akt/GSK3β signaling. Our study demonstrates that miR-322/503 plays a beneficial role in myocardial I/R injury. By inhibition of Smurf2 translation, miR-322/503 induces EZH2 expression and activates Akt/GSK3β pathway, thereby protecting cells from ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tuan Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Modification of Cardiac Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes by miR-322 Provides Protection against Myocardial Infarction through Nox2-Dependent Angiogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010018. [PMID: 30634641 PMCID: PMC6356993 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of cardiovascular mortality, and therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate the consequences of MI are a high priority. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been used to treat cardiac injury post-MI, and despite poor engraftment, they have been shown to inhibit apoptosis and to promote angiogenesis through poorly understood paracrine effects. We previously reported that the direct injection of exosomes derived from CPCs (CPCexo) into mouse hearts provides protection against apoptosis in a model of acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, we and others have reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) can enhance angiogenesis in endothelial cells (ECs). Here we examined whether bioengineered CPCexo transfected with a pro-angiogenic miR-322 (CPCexo-322) can improve therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of MI as compared to CPCexo. Systemic administration of CPCexo-322 in mice after ischemic injury provided greater protection post-MI than control CPCexo, in part, through enhanced angiogenesis in the border zones of infarcted hearts. Mechanistically, the treatment of cultured human ECs with CPCexo-322 resulted in a greater angiogenic response, as determined by increased EC migration and capillary tube formation via increased Nox2-derived ROS. Our study reveals that the engineering of CPCexo via microRNA (miR) programing can enhance angiogenesis, and this may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Wang F, Liang R, Soibam B, Yang J, Liu Y. Coregulatory long non-coding RNA and protein-coding genes in serum starved cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1862:84-95. [PMID: 30503397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum starvation is widely used in cell biology to trigger cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolic adaptations. Serum starvation-related molecular events have been well characterized at protein level but not at transcript level: how long non-coding RNAs contribute to the regulation of protein-coding genes is largely unknown. Here, we captured the lncRNA transcriptome in serum starved mouse embryonic fibroblasts and identified three main modes of action: cis-acting/coregulatory, trans-acting, and "miRNA-carrier". Whole-genome and individual gene level analyses support that our annotation provides an important platform for understanding lncRNA/protein-coding gene coregulatory mechanisms in serum starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States of America
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, United States of America.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States of America.
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Dong W, Chen X, Wang M, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Xiao Q, Peng X. Mir-206 partially rescues myogenesis deficiency by inhibiting CUGBP1 accumulation in the cell models of myotonic dystrophy. Neurol Res 2018; 41:9-18. [PMID: 30281408 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1493963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aim to determine how CUG-expansion and the abundance of Celf1 regulates normal myocyte differentiation and reveal the role ofmiR-206 in myotonic dystrohy and explore a possible gene therapy vector. Methods: we set up CUG-expansion and Celf1 overexpression C2C12 cell models to imitate the myocyte differentiation defects of DM1, then transfected AdvmiR-206 into cell models, tested the level of myogenic markers MyoD, MyoG, Mef2c, Celf1 by RT-PCRand Western Blotting, detected myotube formation by myosin heavy chain immunostaining. Result: 3'-UTR CUG-expansion leads to myotube defects and impaired myoblasts differentiation. Overexpression of Celf1 inhibits myoblast differentiation and impairs differentiation. Knockdown of Celf1 partially rescues differentiation defects of myoblasts harboring CUG-expansion. miR-206 incompletely reverses myoblast differentiation inhibition induced by CUG-expansion and partially recuses myoblast differentiation defects induced by Celf1 overexpression. Conclusions: Ectopic miR-206 mimicking the endogenous temporal patterns specifically drives a myocyte program that boosts myoblast lineages, likely by promoting the expression of MyoD to rectify the myogenic deficiency by stimulating the accumulation of Celf1. Abbreviations: DMPK: (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase); 3'-UTR: (3'-untranslated region); MBNL1: (muscleblind-like [Drosophila]); DM1: (myotonic dystrophy type 1); GFP: (green fluorescent protein); RT-PCR: (quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction); shRNA: (short hairpin RNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xuanying Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Menghong Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xing Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Qunlin Xiao
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,b Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
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Islas JF, Moreno-Cuevas JE. A MicroRNA Perspective on Cardiovascular Development and Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2075. [PMID: 30018214 PMCID: PMC6073753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the latest research pertaining to MicroRNAs (miRs) related to cardiovascular diseases. In today's molecular age, the key clinical aspects of diagnosing and treating these type of diseases are crucial, and miRs play an important role. Therefore, we have made a thorough analysis discussing the most important candidate protagonists of many pathways relating to such conditions as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and congenital heart disorders. We approach miRs initially from the fundamental molecular aspects and look at their role in developmental pathways, as well as regulatory mechanisms dysregulated under specific cardiovascular conditions. By doing so, we can better understand their functional roles. Next, we look at therapeutic aspects, including delivery and inhibition techniques. We conclude that a personal approach for treatment is paramount, and so understanding miRs is strategic for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Eugenio Moreno-Cuevas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
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50
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Kakimoto Y, Tanaka M, Hayashi H, Yokoyama K, Osawa M. Overexpression of miR-221 in sudden death with cardiac hypertrophy patients. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00639. [PMID: 30009269 PMCID: PMC6041564 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac hypertrophy is a well-known risk factor for heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). On the other hand, physiological cardiac hypertrophy is often observed in young healthy men, and it is difficult to predict SCD in cardiac hypertrophy subjects who do not show symptoms of heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) widely regulate biological activity and play pivotal roles in heart failure progression. In this study, we investigated whether miRNA expression is altered in SCD with cardiac hypertrophy (SCH). Methods Cardiac tissues were sampled at autopsy from SCH patients, compensated cardiac hypertrophy (CCH) subjects who died of causes other than heart failure, and control cases without cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. After histopathological examination, we performed deep sequencing and quantitative PCR of cardiac miRNAs. Results and discussion Although SCH and CCH showed indistinguishable histological features, their miRNA expression signatures were distinct. Among the 240 miRNAs stably detected in the heart, 8 were differentially expressed between SCH and CCH. Specifically, miR-221 increased in SCH compared to CCH and control cases. The significant elevation of cardiac miR-221 in SCH patients is correlated with lethal outcomes. Thus, our results indicate that an elevated miR-221 level is potentially associated with an increased risk of SCD in subjects with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yokoyama
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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