1
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Widman CJ, Ventresca S, Dietrich J, Elmslie G, Smith H, Kaup G, Wesley A, Doenecke M, Williams FE, Schiefer IT, Ellis J, Messer WS. Allosteric modulators of M 1 muscarinic receptors enhance acetylcholine efficacy and decrease locomotor activity and turning behaviors in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14901. [PMID: 38942828 PMCID: PMC11213934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) has been identified as a potential strategy for regulating cholinergic signaling in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Most positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mAChR enhance agonist affinity and potency, while very few PAMs (e.g., amiodarone) selectively enhance G protein coupling efficacy. The key structural features of amiodarone responsible for enhancement of mAChR efficacy were examined in CHO cells expressing M1 receptors. Subsequent incorporation of these structural features into previously identified allosteric modulators of potency (i.e., n-benzyl isatins) generated ligands that demonstrated similar or better enhancement of mAChR efficacy, lower in vivo toxicity, and higher allosteric binding affinity relative to amiodarone. Notable ligands include 8a, c which respectively demonstrated the strongest binding affinity and the most robust enhancement of mAChR efficacy as calculated from an allosteric operational model. Amiodarone derivatives and hybrid ligands were additionally screened in wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) to provide preliminary in vivo toxicity data as well as to observe effects on locomotor and turning behaviors relative to other mAChR PAMs. Several compounds, including 8a, c, reduced locomotor activity and increased measures of turning behaviors in zebrafish, suggesting that allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptor efficacy might be useful in the treatment of repetitive behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Widman
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #1015, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Sestina Ventresca
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jillian Dietrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Gwendolynne Elmslie
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hazel Smith
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #1015, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Gina Kaup
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #1015, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Aaron Wesley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Madeline Doenecke
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #1015, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - John Ellis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - William S Messer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Mail Stop #1015, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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2
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Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Widman CJ, Ventresca S, Dietrich J, Elmslie G, Smith H, Kaup G, Wesley A, Doenecke M, Williams FE, Schiefer IT, Ellis J, Messer WS. Hybrid Allosteric Modulators of M1 Muscarinic Receptors Enhance Acetylcholine Efficacy and Decrease Locomotor Activity and Turning Behaviors in Zebrafish. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3901189. [PMID: 38410427 PMCID: PMC10896388 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3901189/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) has been identified as a potential strategy for regulating cholinergic signaling in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Most positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mAChR enhance agonist affinity and potency, while very few PAMs selectively enhance G-protein coupling efficacy (e.g., amiodarone). The key structural features of amiodarone responsible for enhancement of mAChR efficacy were examined in CHO cells expressing M1 receptors. Subsequent incorporation of these structural features into previously identified allosteric modulators of potency (i.e., n-benzyl isatins) generated hybrid ligands that demonstrated similar or better enhancement of mAChR efficacy, lower in vivo toxicity, and higher allosteric binding affinity relative to amiodarone. Notable hybrid ligands include 8a and 8b which respectively demonstrated the strongest binding affinity and the most robust enhancement of mAChR efficacy as calculated from an allosteric operational model. Amiodarone derivatives and hybrid ligands were additionally screened in wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) to provide preliminary in vivo toxicity data as well as to observe effects on locomotor and turning behaviors relative to other mAChR PAMs. Several compounds, including 8a and 8c, reduced locomotor activity and increased measures of turning behaviors in zebrafish, suggesting that allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptor efficacy might be useful in the treatment of repetitive behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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4
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Nunes EJ, Addy NA, Conn PJ, Foster DJ. Targeting the Actions of Muscarinic Receptors on Dopamine Systems: New Strategies for Treating Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:277-289. [PMID: 37552895 PMCID: PMC10841102 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-023858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic regulation of dopamine (DA) signaling has significant implications for numerous disorders, including schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood-related disorders. The activity of midbrain DA neurons and DA release patterns in terminal regions are tightly regulated by cholinergic neurons found in both the striatum and the hindbrain. These cholinergic neurons can modulate DA circuitry by activating numerous receptors, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes. This review specifically focuses on the complex role of M2, M4, and M5 mAChR subtypes in regulating DA neuron activity and DA release and the potential clinical implications of targeting these mAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA;
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Brooun A, Zhang J, Li C, Lam R, Cheng H, Shoemaker R, Daly J, Olaharski A. The pharmacologic and toxicologic characterization of the potent and selective KRAS G12D inhibitors ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116601. [PMID: 37321326 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two potent and selective KRASG12D inhibitors, ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024, were generated as possible clinical candidates to treat patients harboring G12D mutations in solid tumors. Both molecules exhibited strong anti-tumor activity in the KRASG12D mutant PDAC xenograft mouse models while ERAS-5024 also showed tumor growth inhibition when administered on an intermittent dosing regimen. Acute dose-limiting toxicity consistent with an allergic reaction was observed for both molecules shortly after administration at doses just above those which demonstrated anti-tumor activity, indicative of a narrow therapeutic index. A series of studies were subsequently conducted to identify a common underlying mechanism for the observed toxicity, including CETSA® (Cellular Thermal Shift Assay) as well as several functional off-target screens. Both ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024 were identified to agonize MRGPRX2 which has been linked to pseudo-allergic reactions. In vivo toxicologic characterization of both molecules included repeat-dose studies in the rat and dog. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in both species with ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024 and plasma exposure levels at the maximum tolerated doses were generally below that which caused strong anti-tumor activity, supporting the initial observation of a narrow therapeutic index. Additional overlapping toxicities included a reduction in reticulocytes and clinical pathological changes suggestive of an inflammatory response. Furthermore, increases in plasma histamine were observed in dogs administered ERAS-5024, supporting the hypothesis that MRGPRX2 agonism may be the cause of the pseudo-allergic reaction. This work highlights the importance of balancing both the safety and efficacy of KRASG12D inhibitors as this class of molecules begins to enter clinical development.
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Gheidi A, Fitzpatrick CJ, Gregory JD, Morrow JD. Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism dose-dependently decreases sign- but not goal-tracking behavior in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:871-880. [PMID: 36795109 PMCID: PMC10599605 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetylcholinergic antagonists have shown some promise in reducing addiction-related behaviors in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the psychological mechanisms by which these drugs are able to affect addictive behavior remain unclear. A particular key process for the development of addiction is the attribution of incentive salience to reward-related cues, which can be specifically measured in animals using a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure. When confronted with a lever that predicts food delivery, some rats engage with the lever directly (i.e., they sign track), indicating attribution of incentive-motivational properties to the lever itself. In contrast, others treat the lever as a predictive cue and approach the location of impending food delivery (i.e., they goal track), without treating the lever itself as a reward. OBJECTIVES We tested whether systemic antagonism of the either nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors would selectively affect sign- or goal-tracking behavior, indicating a selective effect on incentive salience attribution. METHODS A total of 98 male Sprague Dawley rats were either given the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (100, 50, or 10 µg/kg i.p.) or the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (0.3, 1.0, or 3 mg/kg i.p.) before being trained on a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure. RESULTS Scopolamine dose-dependently decreased sign tracking behavior and increased goal-tracking behavior. Mecamylamine reduced sign-tracking but did not affect goal-tracking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Antagonism of either muscarinic or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can reduce incentive sign-tracking behavior in male rats. This effect appears to be specifically due to a reduction in incentive salience attribution since goal-tracking either increased or was not affected by these manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gheidi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, USA
| | | | - Jordan D Gregory
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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7
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Teal LB, Bubser M, Duncan E, Gould RW, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. Selective M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator VU6008667 blocks acquisition of opioid self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109424. [PMID: 36720403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) may provide a novel non-opioid mechanism for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated that acute administration of the long-acting M5 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) ML375 attenuates established self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, oxycodone, and remifentanil in rats. In the present study, we characterized the effects of acute and repeated administration of the novel, short-acting M5 NAM VU6008667 on the reinforcing effects of oxycodone and reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behaviors in male Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as on physiological withdrawal from oxycodone. Acute VU6008667 decreased oxycodone self-administration under both fixed ratio 3 (FR3) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement and attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of lever pressing following extinction from oxycodone self-administration, a commonly used relapse model. When administered daily to opioid-naïve rats, VU6008667 prevented acquisition of oxycodone self-administration behavior. VU6008667 had minimal effects on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. After acute administration, VU6008667 did not inhibit sucrose self-administration and, when given chronically, delayed but did not prevent acquisition of sucrose maintained self-administration. VU6008667 also did not impact oxycodone induced anti-nociception or motor coordination, but mildly decreased novelty exploration. Finally, acute or daily VU6008667 administration did not impair cued fear conditioning. Overall, these results suggest that inhibition of the M5 mAChR may provide a novel, non-opioid based treatment for distinct aspects of OUD by inhibiting opioid intake in established OUD, reducing relapse during abstinence, and by reducing the risk of developing OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edith Duncan
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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8
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Teal LB, Ingram SM, Bubser M, McClure E, Jones CK. The Evolving Role of Animal Models in the Discovery and Development of Novel Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:37-99. [PMID: 36928846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Historically, animal models have been routinely used in the characterization of novel chemical entities (NCEs) for various psychiatric disorders. Animal models have been essential in the in vivo validation of novel drug targets, establishment of lead compound pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamic relationships, optimization of lead compounds through preclinical candidate selection, and development of translational measures of target occupancy and functional target engagement. Yet, with decades of multiple NCE failures in Phase II and III efficacy trials for different psychiatric disorders, the utility and value of animal models in the drug discovery process have come under intense scrutiny along with the widespread withdrawal of the pharmaceutical industry from psychiatric drug discovery. More recently, the development and utilization of animal models for the discovery of psychiatric NCEs has undergone a dynamic evolution with the application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for better design of preclinical to clinical translational studies combined with innovative genetic, neural circuitry-based, and automated testing technologies. In this chapter, the authors will discuss this evolving role of animal models for improving the different stages of the discovery and development in the identification of next generation treatments for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalonda M Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elliott McClure
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Capstick RA, Whomble D, Orsi DL, Felts AS, Rodriguez AL, Vinson PN, Chang S, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Han C. Discovery of a potent M 5 antagonist with improved clearance profile. Part 1: Piperidine amide-based antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128988. [PMID: 36113671 PMCID: PMC10939060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The lack of potent and selective tool compounds with pharmaceutically favorable properties limits the in vivo understanding of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 5 (M5) biology. Previously, we presented a highly potent and selective M5 antagonist VU6019650 with a suboptimal clearance profile as our second-generation tool compound. Herein, we disclose our ongoing efforts to generate next-generation M5 antagonists with improved clearance profiles. A mix and match approach between VU6019650 (lead) and VU0500325 (HTS hit) generated a piperidine amide-based novel M5 antagonist series. Several analogs within this series, including 29f, provided good on-target potency with improved clearance profiles, though room for improvement remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Whomble
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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10
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Razidlo JA, Fausner SML, Ingebretson AE, Wang LC, Petersen CL, Mirza S, Swank IN, Alvarez VA, Lemos JC. Chronic Loss of Muscarinic M5 Receptor Function Manifests Disparate Impairments in Exploratory Behavior in Male and Female Mice despite Common Dopamine Regulation. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6917-6930. [PMID: 35896424 PMCID: PMC9463982 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1424-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are five cloned muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5). Of these, the muscarinic type 5 receptor (M5) is the only one localized to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. Unlike M1-M4, the M5 receptor has relatively restricted expression in the brain, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, we performed an in-depth characterization of M5-dependent potentiation of dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and accompanying exploratory behaviors in male and female mice. We show that M5 receptors potentiate dopamine transmission by acting directly on the terminals within the nucleus accumbens. Using the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine, we revealed a unique concentration-response curve and a sensitivity to repeated forced swim stress or restraint stress exposure. We found that constitutive deletion of M5 receptors reduced exploration of the center of an open field while at the same time impairing normal habituation only in male mice. In addition, M5 deletion reduced exploration of salient stimuli, especially under conditions of high novelty, yet had no effect on hedonia assayed using the sucrose preference test or on stress-coping strategy assayed using the forced swim test. We conclude that M5 receptors are critical for both engaging with the environment and updating behavioral output in response to environment cues, specifically in male mice. A cardinal feature of mood and anxiety disorders is withdrawal from the environment. These data indicate that boosting M5 receptor activity may be a useful therapeutic target for ameliorating these symptoms of depression and anxiety.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The basic physiological and behavioral functions of the muscarinic M5 receptor remain understudied. Furthermore, its presence on dopamine neurons, relatively restricted expression in the brain, and recent crystallization make it an attractive target for therapeutic development. Yet, most preclinical studies of M5 receptor function have primarily focused on substance use disorders in male rodents. Here, we characterized the role of M5 receptors in potentiating dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens, finding impaired functioning after stress exposure. Furthermore, we show that M5 receptors can modulate exploratory behavior in a sex-specific manner, without affecting hedonic behavior. These findings further illustrate the therapeutic potential of the M5 receptor, warranting further research in the context of treating mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Razidlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Skylar M L Fausner
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Anna E Ingebretson
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Liuchang C Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Christopher L Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Salahudeen Mirza
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Isabella N Swank
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9411
| | - Julia C Lemos
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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11
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Garrison AT, Orsi DL, Capstick RA, Whomble D, Li J, Carter TR, Felts AS, Vinson PN, Rodriguez AL, Han A, Hajari K, Cho HP, Teal LB, Ragland MG, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Bubser M, Chang S, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Boutaud O, Blobaum AL, Foster DJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Han C. Development of VU6019650: A Potent, Highly Selective, and Systemically Active Orthosteric Antagonist of the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6273-6286. [PMID: 35417155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple addictive disorders, including opioid use disorder. Through chemical optimization of several functional high-throughput screening hits, VU6019650 (27b) was identified as a novel M5 orthosteric antagonist with high potency (human M5 IC50 = 36 nM), M5 subtype selectivity (>100-fold selectivity against human M1-4) and favorable physicochemical properties for systemic dosing in preclinical addiction models. In acute brain slice electrophysiology studies, 27b blocked the nonselective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M-induced increases in neuronal firing rates of midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, a part of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry. Moreover, 27b also inhibited oxycodone self-administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats within a dose range that did not impair general motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Garrison
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David Whomble
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jinming Li
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Allie Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Krishma Hajari
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Laura B Teal
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline G Ragland
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nathalie C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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12
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Okimoto R, Ino K, Ishizu K, Takamatsu H, Sakamoto K, Yuyama H, Imazumi K, Ohtake A, Masuda N, Takeda M. Muscarinic M 3 positive allosteric modulator ASP8302 enhances bladder contraction and improves voiding dysfunction in rats. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2022; 14:289-300. [PMID: 35150075 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscarinic M3 (M3 ) receptors mediate cholinergic smooth muscle contraction of the bladder. Current drugs targeting bladder M3 receptors for micturition disorders have a risk of cholinergic side effects due to excessive receptor activation and insufficient selectivity. We investigated the effect of ASP8302, a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of M3 receptors, on bladder function in rats. METHODS Modulation of carbachol-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ was assessed in cells expressing rat muscarinic receptors. Potentiation of bladder contractions was evaluated using isolated rat bladder strips and by measuring intravesical pressure in anesthetized rats. Conscious cystometry was performed to investigate the effects on residual urine volume and voiding efficiency in rat voiding dysfunction models induced by the α1 -adrenoceptor agonist midodrine and muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, and bladder outlet obstruction. To assess potential side effects, the number of stools and tracheal insufflation pressure were measured in conscious and anesthetized rats, respectively. RESULTS ASP8302 demonstrated PAM effects on the rat M3 receptor in cell assays, and augmented cholinergic bladder contractions both in vivo and in vitro. ASP8302 improved voiding efficiency and reduced residual urine volume in two voiding dysfunction models as effectively as distigmine bromide, but unlike distigmine bromide did not affect the number of stools or tracheal insufflation pressure. CONCLUSIONS Our results in rats indicate that ASP8302 improves voiding dysfunction by potentiating bladder contraction with fewer effects on cholinergic responses in other organs, and suggest a potential advantage over current cholinomimetic drugs for treating micturition disorders caused by insufficient bladder contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okimoto
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ino
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hironori Yuyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Akiyoshi Ohtake
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Masuda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020398. [PMID: 35203607 PMCID: PMC8962391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that cholinergic system function impairment plays a significant role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. During the past three decades, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) have been implicated in various pathologies and have been prominent targets of drug-design efforts. However, due to the high sequence homology of the orthosteric binding site, many drug candidates resulted in limited clinical success. Although several advances in treating peripheral pathologies have been achieved, targeting CNS pathologies remains challenging for researchers. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in recent years to develop functionally selective orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting the mAChRs with limited side effect profiles. This review highlights past efforts and focuses on recent advances in drug design targeting these receptors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression.
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14
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Burger WAC, Gentry PR, Berizzi AE, Vuckovic Z, van der Westhuizen ET, Thompson G, Yeasmin M, Lindsley CW, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Tobin AB, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Thal DM. Identification of a Novel Allosteric Site at the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3112-3123. [PMID: 34351123 PMCID: PMC7616173 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction and behavioral disorders. This has been in part due to promising preclinical studies with the M5 mAChR selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM), ML375. The binding site of ML375 remains unknown, however, making it difficult to develop improved M5 mAChR selective modulators. To determine the possible location of the ML375 binding site, we used radioligand binding and functional assays to show that ML375 does not interact with the well-characterized "common" mAChR allosteric site located in the receptor's extracellular vestibule, nor a previously proposed second allosteric site recognized by the modulator, amiodarone. Molecular docking was used to predict potential allosteric sites within the transmembrane (TM) domain of the M5 mAChR. These predicted sites were assessed using M5-M2 mAChR receptor chimeras and further targeted with site-directed mutagenesis, which enabled the identification of a putative binding site for ML375 at the interface of TMs 2-4. Collectively, these results identify a third allosteric site at the M5 mAChR and highlight the ability of allosteric modulators to selectively target highly conserved proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick R Gentry
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alice E Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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15
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Wysocka A, Palasz E, Steczkowska M, Niewiadomska G. Dangerous Liaisons: Tau Interaction with Muscarinic Receptors. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:224-237. [PMID: 32329686 PMCID: PMC7509759 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200424134311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's Disease - AD) remain poorly understood. There is also an imperative need for disease-modifying therapies in AD since the present treatments, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists, do not halt its progression. AD and other dementias present unique pathological features such as that of microtubule associated protein tau metabolic regulation. Tau has numerous binding partners, including signaling molecules, cytoskeletal elements and lipids, which suggests that it is a multifunctional protein. AD has also been associated with severe loss of cholinergic markers in the brain and such loss may be due to the toxic interaction of tau with cholinergic muscarinic receptors. By using specific antagonists of muscarinic receptors it was found in vitro that extracellular tau binds to M1 and M3 receptors and which the increase of intracellular calcium found in neuronal cells upon tau-binding. However, so far, the significance of tau signaling through muscarinic receptor in vivo in tauopathic models remains uncertain. The data reviewed in the present paper highlight the significant effect of M1 receptor/tau interaction in exacerbating tauopathy related pathological features and suggest that selective M1 agonists may serve as a prototype for future therapeutic development toward modification of currently intractable neurodegenerative diseases, such as tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Wysocka
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Palasz
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Chaudhary A, Singh V, Varadwaj PK, Mani A. Screening natural inhibitors against upregulated G-protein coupled receptors as potential therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:673-684. [PMID: 32900274 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1817784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Computational approaches have been helpful in high throughput screening of drug libraries and designing ligands against receptors. Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurological disorder, which causes dementia. In this disease neurons are damaged due to formation of Amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which along with some other factors contributes to disease development and progression. The objective of this study was to predict tertiary structures of five G-protein coulped neurotransmitter receptors; CHRM5, CYSLTR2, DRD5, GALR1 and HTR2C, that are upregulated in Alzheimer's disease, and to screen potential inhibitors for against these receptors. In this study, Comparative modelling, molecular docking, MMGBSA analysis, ADMET screening and molecular dynamics simulation were performed. Tertiary structures of the five GPCRs were predicted and further subjected to molecular docking against natural compounds. Pharmacokinetic studies of natural compounds were also conducted for assessing drug-likeness properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the structural stability and binding affinities of each complex. Finally, the results suggested that ZINC04098704, ZINC31170017, ZINC05998597, ZINC67911229, and ZINC67910690 had better binding affinity with CHRM5, CYSLTR2, DRD5, GALR1, and HTR2C (5-HT2C) proteins, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Devghat, Jhalwa Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Devghat, Jhalwa Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Nunes EJ, Rupprecht LE, Foster DJ, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Addy NA. Examining the role of muscarinic M5 receptors in VTA cholinergic modulation of depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108089. [PMID: 32268153 PMCID: PMC7313677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is implicated in mood disorders including depression and anxiety. Increased cholinergic tone in humans and rodents produces pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like effects. Cholinergic receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to mediate these responses in male rats, as measured by the sucrose preference test (SPT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST). However, these effects have not been examined in females, and the VTA muscarinic receptor subtype(s) mediating the pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like behavioral effects of increased cholinergic tone are unknown. We first examined the behavioral effects of increased VTA cholinergic tone in male and female rats, and then determined whether VTA muscarinic M5 receptors were mediating these effects. VTA infusion of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.5 μg, 1 μg and 2 μg/side) in males and females produced anhedonic-like, anxiogenic, pro-depressive-like responses on the SPT, EPM, and FST. In females, VTA administration of the muscarinic M5 selective negative allosteric modulator VU6000181 (0.68 ng, 2.3 ng, 6.8 ng/side for a 3 μM, 10 μM, 30 μM/side infusion) did not alter SPT, EPM nor FST behavior. However, in males intra-VTA infusion of VU6000181 alone reduced time spent immobile on the FST. Furthermore, co-infusion of VU6000181 with physostigmine, in male and female rats, attenuated the pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like behavioral responses induced by VTA physostigmine alone, in the SPT, EPM, and FST. Together, these data reveal a critical role of VTA M5 receptors in mediating the anhedonic, anxiogenic, and depressive-like behavioral effects of increased cholinergic tone in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
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18
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Baidoo N, Wolter M, Leri F. Opioid withdrawal and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:16-24. [PMID: 32294487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that learning and memory are central to substance dependence. This paper specifically reviews the effect of opioid withdrawal on memory consolidation. Although there is evidence that opioid withdrawal can interfere with initial acquisition and retrieval of older memories, there are several reasons to postulate a facilitatory action on the consolidation of newly acquired memories. In fact, there is substantial evidence that memory consolidation is facilitated by the release of stress hormones, that it requires the activation of the amygdala, of central noradrenergic and cholinergic pathways, and that it involves long-term potentiation. This review highlights evidence that very similar neurobiological processes are involved in opioid withdrawal, and summarizes recent results indicating that naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal enhanced consolidation in rats. From this neurocognitive perspective, therefore, opioid use may escalate during the addiction cycle in part because memories of stimuli and actions experienced during withdrawal are strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Niwa Y, Kanda GN, Yamada RG, Shi S, Sunagawa GA, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Fujishima H, Matsumoto N, Masumoto KH, Nagano M, Kasukawa T, Galloway J, Perrin D, Shigeyoshi Y, Ukai H, Kiyonari H, Sumiyama K, Ueda HR. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Chrm1 and Chrm3 Are Essential for REM Sleep. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2231-2247.e7. [PMID: 30157420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep regulation involves interdependent signaling among specialized neurons in distributed brain regions. Although acetylcholine promotes wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, it is unclear whether the cholinergic pathway is essential (i.e., absolutely required) for REM sleep because of redundancy from neural circuits to molecules. First, we demonstrate that synaptic inhibition of TrkA+ cholinergic neurons causes a severe short-sleep phenotype and that sleep reduction is mostly attributable to a shortened sleep duration in the dark phase. Subsequent comprehensive knockout of acetylcholine receptor genes by the triple-target CRISPR method reveals that a similar short-sleep phenotype appears in the knockout of two Gq-type acetylcholine receptors Chrm1 and Chrm3. Strikingly, Chrm1 and Chrm3 double knockout chronically diminishes REM sleep to an almost undetectable level. These results suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, Chrm1 and Chrm3, are essential for REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Niwa
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Genki N Kanda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rikuhiro G Yamada
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoi Shi
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Genshiro A Sunagawa
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maki Ukai-Tadenuma
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujishima
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Masumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan; Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Mianmi-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nagano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Large Scale Data Managing Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - James Galloway
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Dimitri Perrin
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama City, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Ukai
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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20
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Walker LC, Lawrence AJ. Allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptors in alcohol and substance use disorders. FROM STRUCTURE TO CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT: ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 2020; 88:233-275. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The 5 subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system where they play a vital role in physiology and pathologies. Recently, the M5 mAChR subtype has emerged as an exciting drug target for the treatment of drug addiction. We have determined the atomic structure of the M5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist tiotropium. The M5 mAChR structure now allows for a full comparison of all 5 mAChR subtypes and reveals that small differences in the extracellular loop regions can mediate orthosteric and allosteric ligand selectivity. Together, these findings open the door for future structure-based design of selective drugs that target this therapeutically important class of receptors. The human M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has recently emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for treating a range of disorders, including drug addiction. However, a lack of structural information for this receptor subtype has limited further drug development and validation. Here we report a high-resolution crystal structure of the human M5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist, tiotropium. This structure allowed for a comparison across all 5 mAChR family members that revealed important differences in both orthosteric and allosteric sites that could inform the rational design of selective ligands. These structural studies, together with chimeric swaps between the extracellular regions of the M2 and M5 mAChRs, provided structural insight into kinetic selectivity, where ligands show differential residency times between related family members. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the nature of orthosteric and allosteric ligand interaction across the mAChR family that could be exploited for the design of selective drugs.
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22
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Moran SP, Maksymetz J, Conn PJ. Targeting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors for the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1006-1020. [PMID: 31711626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) play important roles in regulating complex behaviors such as cognition, movement, and reward, making them ideally situated as potential drug targets for the treatment of several brain disorders. Recent advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mAChRs has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mAChR subtypes in the brain. Recently, mAChR allosteric modulators have entered clinical development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia, and have potential utility for other brain disorders. However, mAChR allosteric modulators can display a diverse array of pharmacological properties, and a more nuanced understanding of the mAChR will be necessary to best translate preclinical findings into successful clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Moran
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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23
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Gould RW, Gunter BW, Bubser M, Matthews RT, Teal LB, Ragland MG, Bridges TM, Garrison AT, Winder DG, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. Acute Negative Allosteric Modulation of M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Inhibits Oxycodone Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Reactivity with No Effect on Antinociception. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3740-3750. [PMID: 31268669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric condition characterized by compulsive opioid use, dependence, and repeated relapse after periods of abstinence. Given the high risk of developing OUD following prescription opioid use, the continued need for opioid-induced analgesia, and the limitations of current OUD treatments, it is necessary to develop novel, non-opioid-based treatments for OUD and decrease abuse potential of prescription opioids. Recent evidence suggests that negative allosteric modulation (NAM) of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5 mAChR) may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of OUD. Previous studies demonstrated localization of M5 mAChR expression within the mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry and that the selective M5 NAM ML375 attenuates both cocaine and alcohol self-administration in rats. In the present study, the effects of ML375 were evaluated in rats self-administering the μ-opioid agonists oxycodone or remifentanil on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule or on cue reactivity (a rodent model of relapse) in the absence of oxycodone following 72 h of abstinence. ML375 reduced the PR break point for oxycodone and remifentanil self-administration and attenuated cue-elicited responding. Importantly, ML375 did not affect sucrose pellet-maintained responding on a PR schedule or opioid-induced antinociception using the hot-plate and tail-flick assays. We also confirm expression of M5 mAChR mRNA in the ventral tegmental area and show that this is primarily on dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA-positive) neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that selective functional antagonism of the M5 mAChR may represent a novel, non-opioid-based treatment for OUD.
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24
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Teal LB, Gould RW, Felts AS, Jones CK. Selective allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:153-196. [PMID: 31378251 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) subtypes represent exciting new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD). Recent advances in the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators have revealed promising effects in preclinical models targeting the different symptoms observed in schizophrenia and SUD. M1 PAMs display potential for addressing the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, while M4 PAMs exhibit promise in treating preclinical models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In SUD, there is increasing support for modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry involved in SUD with selective M4 mAChR PAMs or M5 mAChR NAMs. Allosteric modulators of these mAChR subtypes have demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of cocaine and ethanol seeking, with indications that these ligand may also be useful for other substances of abuse, as well as in various stages in the cycle of addiction. Importantly, allosteric modulators of the different mAChR subtypes may provide viable treatment options, while conferring greater subtype specificity and corresponding enhanced therapeutic index than orthosteric muscarinic ligands and maintaining endogenous temporo-spatial ACh signaling. Overall, subtype specific mAChR allosteric modulators represent important novel therapeutic mechanisms for schizophrenia and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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25
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Bender AM, Garrison AT, Lindsley CW. The Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M 5: Therapeutic Implications and Allosteric Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1025-1034. [PMID: 30280567 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) was the most recent mAChR to be cloned and has since emerged as a potential therapeutic target for a number of indications. Early studies with knockout animals have provided clues to the receptor's role in physiological processes related to Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction, and until recently, useful subtype-selective tools to further probe the pharmacology of M5 have remained elusive. Small-molecule allosteric modulators have since gained traction as a means by which to selectively examine muscarinic pharmacology. This review highlights the discovery and optimization of M5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Bender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron T. Garrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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26
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Cholinergic M4 receptors are involved in morphine-induced expression of behavioral sensitization by regulating dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 360:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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NIDA's medication development priorities in response to the Opioid Crisis: ten most wanted. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:657-659. [PMID: 30538289 PMCID: PMC6372702 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Ma B, Mei D, Wang F, Liu Y, Zhou W. Cognitive enhancers as a treatment for heroin relapse and addiction. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:378-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Gunter BW, Gould RW, Bubser M, McGowan KM, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. Selective inhibition of M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates cocaine self-administration in rats. Addict Biol 2018; 23:1106-1116. [PMID: 29044937 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a debilitating health problem in the United States for which there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment options. Accumulating anatomical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5 ) plays a critical role in the regulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry, a major site of action for cocaine and other psychostimulants. In addition, M5 knockout mice exhibit reduced cocaine self-administration behaviors with no differences in sugar pellet-maintained responding relative to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of M5 mAChR may provide a novel pharmacological approach for targeting CUD. Recently, we reported the synthesis and characterization of ML375, a selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for the rat and human M5 mAChR with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for systemic dosing in rodents. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (0.1-0.75 mg/kg/infusion) under a 10-response fixed ratio or a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Under both schedules of reinforcement, ML375 produced dose-related reductions in cocaine self-administration. ML375 also modestly reduced sugar pellet-maintained responding on the 10-response, fixed ratio schedule but had no effect under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Further, ML375 did not affect general motor output as assessed by a rotarod test. Collectively, these results provide the first demonstration that selective inhibition of M5 using the M5 NAM ML375 can attenuate both the reinforcing effects and the relative strength of cocaine and suggest that M5 NAMs may represent a promising, novel treatment approach for CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak W. Gunter
- Department of Pharmacology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Robert W. Gould
- Department of Pharmacology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Kevin M. McGowan
- Department of Chemistry; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Department of Chemistry; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
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30
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Bender AM, Cho HP, Nance KD, Lingenfelter KS, Luscombe VB, Gentry PR, Voigtritter K, Berizzi AE, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Christopoulos A, Locuson CW, Bridges TM, Chang S, O’Neill JC, Zhan X, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery and Optimization of Potent and CNS Penetrant M 5-Preferring Positive Allosteric Modulators Derived from a Novel, Chiral N-(Indanyl)piperidine Amide Scaffold. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1572-1581. [PMID: 29678111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacology of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is the least understood of the five mAChR subtypes due to a historic lack of selective small molecule tools. To address this shortcoming, we have continued the optimization effort around the prototypical M5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) ML380 and have discovered and optimized a new series of M5 PAMs based on a chiral N-(indanyl)piperidine amide core with robust SAR, human and rat M5 PAM EC50 values <100 nM and rat brain/plasma Kp values of ∼0.40. Interestingly, unlike M1 and M4 PAMs with unprecedented mAChR subtype selectivity, this series of M5 PAMs displayed varying degrees of PAM activity at the other two natively Gq-coupled mAChRs, M1 and M3, yet were inactive at M2 and M4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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31
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Berizzi AE, Perry CJ, Shackleford DM, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Chen NA, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. Muscarinic M 5 receptors modulate ethanol seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1510-1517. [PMID: 29483658 PMCID: PMC5983544 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the cost to both individual and society, alcohol use disorders (AUDs) remain a major health risk within society, and both relapse and heavy drinking are still poorly controlled with current medications. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a centrally active and selective negative allosteric modulator for the rat M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), ML375, decreases ethanol self-administration and attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking in ethanol-preferring (iP) rats. Importantly, ML375 did not affect sucrose self-administration or general locomotor activity indicative of a selective effect on ethanol seeking. Based on the expression profile of M5 mAChRs in the brain and the distinct roles different aspects of the dorsal striatum have on long-term and short-term ethanol use, we studied whether intra-striatal microinjection of ML375 modulated ethanol intake in rats. We show in iP rats with an extensive history of ethanol intake that intra-dorsolateral (DL), but not intra-dorsomedial, striatal injections of ML375 reduced ethanol self-administration to a similar extent as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand varenicline, which has preclinical and clinical efficacy in reducing the reinforcing effects of ethanol. These data implicate the DL striatum as a locus for the effects of cholinergic-acting drugs on ethanol seeking in rats with a history of long-term ethanol use. Accordingly, we demonstrate in rats that selectively targeting the M5 mAChR can modulate both voluntary ethanol intake and cue-induced ethanol seeking and thereby provide direct evidence that the M5 mAChR is a potential novel target for pharmacotherapies aimed at treating AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Berizzi
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Christina J. Perry
- 0000 0004 0606 5526grid.418025.aThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - David M. Shackleford
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Nicola A. Chen
- 0000 0004 0606 5526grid.418025.aThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- 0000 0004 0606 5526grid.418025.aThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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32
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Opioid-induced rewards, locomotion, and dopamine activation: A proposed model for control by mesopontine and rostromedial tegmental neurons. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:72-82. [PMID: 28951251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine or heroin, increase forebrain dopamine (DA) release and locomotion, and support the acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) or self-administration. The most sensitive sites for these opioid effects in rodents are in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Opioid inhibition of GABA neurons in these sites is hypothesized to lead to arousing and rewarding effects through disinhibition of VTA DA neurons. We review findings that the laterodorsal tegmental (LDTg) and pedunculopontine tegmental (PPTg) nuclei, which each contain cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic cells, are important for these effects. LDTg and/or PPTg cholinergic inputs to VTA mediate opioid-induced locomotion and DA activation via VTA M5 muscarinic receptors. LDTg and/or PPTg cholinergic inputs to RMTg also modulate opioid-induced locomotion. Lesions or inhibition of LDTg or PPTg neurons reduce morphine-induced increases in forebrain DA release, acquisition of morphine CPP or self-administration. We propose a circuit model that links VTA and RMTg GABA with LDTg and PPTg neurons critical for DA-dependent opioid effects in drug-naïve rodents.
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Thomsen M, Sørensen G, Dencker D. Physiological roles of CNS muscarinic receptors gained from knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:411-420. [PMID: 28911965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because the five muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes have overlapping distributions in many CNS tissues, and because ligands with a high degree of selectivity for a given subtype long remained elusive, it has been difficult to determine the physiological functions of each receptor. Genetically engineered knockout mice, in which one or more muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype has been inactivated, have been instrumental in identifying muscarinic receptor functions in the CNS, at the neuronal, circuit, and behavioral level. These studies revealed important functions of muscarinic receptors modulating neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release in many brain regions, shaping neuronal plasticity, and affecting functions ranging from motor and sensory function to cognitive processes. As gene targeting technology evolves including the use of conditional, cell type specific strains, knockout mice are likely to continue to provide valuable insights into brain physiology and pathophysiology, and advance the development of new medications for a range of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addictions, as well as non-opioid analgesics. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Gunnar Sørensen
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Naser PV, Kuner R. Molecular, Cellular and Circuit Basis of Cholinergic Modulation of Pain. Neuroscience 2017; 387:135-148. [PMID: 28890048 PMCID: PMC6150928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being a key component of the autonomic nervous system, acetylcholine acts as a prominent neurotransmitter and neuromodulator upon release from key groups of cholinergic projection neurons and interneurons distributed across the central nervous system. It has been more than forty years since it was discovered that cholinergic transmission profoundly modifies the perception of pain. Directly activating cholinergic receptors or extending the action of endogenous acetylcholine via pharmacological blockade of acetylcholine esterase reduces pain in rodents as well as humans; conversely, inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors induces nociceptive hypersensitivity. Here, we aim to review the considerable progress in our understanding of peripheral, spinal and brain contributions to cholinergic modulation of pain. We discuss the distribution of cholinergic neurons, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors over the central nervous system and the synaptic and circuit-level modulation by cholinergic signaling. AchRs profoundly regulate nociceptive transmission at the level of the spinal cord via pre- as well as postsynaptic mechanisms. Moreover, we attempt to provide an overview of how some of the salient regions in the pain network spanning the brain, such as the primary somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex and descending modulatory systems are influenced by cholinergic modulation. Finally, we critically discuss the clinical relevance of cholinergic signaling to pain therapy. Cholinergic mechanisms contribute to several both conventional as well as unorthodox forms of pain treatments, and reciprocal interactions between cholinergic and opioidergic modulation impact on the function and efficacy of both opioids and cholinomimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Naser
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Networks Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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Sakata K, Overacre AE. Promoter IV-BDNF deficiency disturbs cholinergic gene expression of CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5: effects of drug and environmental treatments. J Neurochem 2017; 143:49-64. [PMID: 28722769 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes maturation of cholinergic neurons. However, how activity-dependent BDNF expression affects specific cholinergic gene expression remains unclear. This study addressed this question by determining mRNA levels of 22 acetylcholine receptor subunits, the choline transporter (CHT), and the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in mice deficient in activity-dependent BDNF via promoter IV (KIV) and control wild-type mice. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significant reductions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 (CHRNA5) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM5) in the hippocampus, but significant increases in M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM2) in the frontal cortex of KIV mice compared to wild-type mice. Three-week treatments with fluoxetine, phenelzine, duloxetine, imipramine, or an enriched environment treatment (EET) did not affect the altered expression of these genes except that EET increased CHRNA5 levels only in KIV frontal cortex. EET also increased levels of CHRNA7, CHT, and ChAT, again only in the KIV frontal cortex. The imipramine treatment was most prominent among the four antidepressants; it up-regulated hippocampal CHRM2 and frontal cortex CHRM5 in both genotypes, and frontal cortex CHRNA7 only in KIV mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that BDNF deficiency disturbs expression of CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5. Our results suggest that promoter IV-BDNF deficiency - which occurs under chronic stress - causes cholinergic dysfunctions via these receptors. EET is effective on CHRNA5, while its compensatory induction of other cholinergic genes or drugs targeting CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5 may become an alternative strategy to reverse these BDNF-linked cholinergic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Abigail E Overacre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Axen SD, Huang XP, Cáceres EL, Gendelev L, Roth BL, Keiser MJ. A Simple Representation of Three-Dimensional Molecular Structure. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7393-7409. [PMID: 28731335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Statistical and machine learning approaches predict drug-to-target relationships from 2D small-molecule topology patterns. One might expect 3D information to improve these calculations. Here we apply the logic of the extended connectivity fingerprint (ECFP) to develop a rapid, alignment-invariant 3D representation of molecular conformers, the extended three-dimensional fingerprint (E3FP). By integrating E3FP with the similarity ensemble approach (SEA), we achieve higher precision-recall performance relative to SEA with ECFP on ChEMBL20 and equivalent receiver operating characteristic performance. We identify classes of molecules for which E3FP is a better predictor of similarity in bioactivity than is ECFP. Finally, we report novel drug-to-target binding predictions inaccessible by 2D fingerprints and confirm three of them experimentally with ligand efficiencies from 0.442-0.637 kcal/mol/heavy atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Axen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elena L Cáceres
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Leo Gendelev
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael J Keiser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane NS 416A, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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Ponté C, Pi C, Palmaro A, Jouanjus E, Lapeyre‐Mestre M. Early signal of diverted use of tropicamide eye drops in France. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1791-1800. [PMID: 28239898 PMCID: PMC5510080 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tropicamide is a mydriatic drug used as eye-drops for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. From 2013, a diverted use by intravenous route has been suspected in Eastern Europe in opioids users. To date, no signal of misuse has been identified in France. The aims of this study were to investigate any early signals of a diverted use of tropicamide eye drops and to collect information regarding motives for the misuse and tropicamide-induced effects. METHODS Information was obtained at three levels: (1) at regional level (Midi-Pyrénées area), from reimbursement data and pharmacists' reports on suspicious requests; (2) at national level: from reimbursement data and prescriptions suggesting possible abuse from the OSIAP (Ordonnances Suspectes, Indicateur d'Abus Possible) survey; and (3) at international level: from VigiBase® reports and Web sources. Beta-blocker eye-drops were used as comparators. RESULTS In France, in 2014-2015, 17 (0.91%, 95% CI [0.53-1.46%]) falsified prescriptions involving tropicamide were identified in the OSIAP survey (compared with 0%, 95% CI [0-0.19%] for beta-blockers). Moreover, 37 other suspicious prescriptions were presented in 2015 (notified in 2016). In Midi-Pyrénées, seven patients aged 35-49 were reimbursed for 19-45 vials of 10 ml, in a year. Since September 2014, the regional Addictovigilance Centre has received 91 notifications of suspicious requests to obtain tropicamide. In VigiBase® , two cases were identified but none in France. An increased interest in tropicamide-related Internet searches was observed from Russia and Ukraine. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first early warnings of a tropicamide diverted use in France. Tropicamide abusers would seek euphoria or hallucinations. The high doses involved in intravenous administration could lead to serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ponté
- CEIP‐Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueUMR1027 Inserm‐Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Christian Pi
- Direction de la Santé Publique, Pôle Alertes, Risques et VigilancesARS Languedoc‐Roussillon‐Midi‐Pyrénées26–28 Parc club du Millénaire, 1 025, rue Henri BecquerelCS30001, 34067Montpellier Cedex 2France
| | - Aurore Palmaro
- CEIP‐Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueUMR1027 Inserm‐Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Emilie Jouanjus
- CEIP‐Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueUMR1027 Inserm‐Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Maryse Lapeyre‐Mestre
- CEIP‐Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueUMR1027 Inserm‐Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
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Lesscher HMB, Bailey A, Vanderschuren LJMJ. Genetic Variability in Adenosine Deaminase-Like Contributes to Variation in Alcohol Preference in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1271-1279. [PMID: 28449374 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial part of the risk for alcohol use disorder is determined by genetic factors. We previously used chromosome substitution (CSS) mice, to identify a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2. The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes within this QTL that confer the risk for alcohol preference. METHODS In order to delineate the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol consumption, we expanded on the QTL approach to identify candidate genes for high alcohol preference in mice. We narrowed down a QTL for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2, that we previously identified using CSS mice, to 4 candidate genes in silico. Expression levels of these candidate genes in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens-brain regions implicated in reward and addiction-were subsequently compared for the CSS-2 and the C57BL/6J host strain. RESULTS We observed increased expression of adenosine deaminase-like (Adal) in all 3 regions in CSS-2 mice. Moreover, we found that the adenosine deaminase inhibitor EHNA reduced the difference in alcohol preference between CSS-2 and C57BL/6J mice. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies Adal as a genetically protective factor against alcohol consumption in mice, in which elevated Adal levels contribute to low alcohol preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M B Lesscher
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience , Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education , St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience , Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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McGowan KM, Nance KD, Cho HP, Bridges TM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW. Continued optimization of the M 5 NAM ML375: Discovery of VU6008667, an M 5 NAM with high CNS penetration and a desired short half-life in rat for addiction studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1356-1359. [PMID: 28237763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the continued optimization of M5 NAM ML375 (VU0483253). While a valuable in vivo tool compound, ML375has an excessively long elimination half-life in rat (t1/2=80h), which can be problematic in certain rodent addiction paradigms (e.g., reinstatement). Thus, we required an M5 NAM of comparable potency to ML375, but with a rat t1/2 of less than 4h. Steep SAR plagued this chemotype, and here we detail aniline replacements that offered some improvements over ML375, but failed to advance. Ultimately, incorporation of a single methyl group to the 9b-phenyl ring acted as a metabolic shunt, providing (S)-11 (VU6008667), an equipotent M5 NAM, with high CNS penetration, excellent selectivity versus M1-4 and the desired short half-life (t1/2=2.3h) in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M McGowan
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hykeyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Anhydroecgonine methyl ester, a cocaine pyrolysis product, may contribute to cocaine behavioral sensitization. Toxicology 2017; 376:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Steidl S, Dhillon ES, Sharma N, Ludwig J. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists in the VTA and RMTg have opposite effects on morphine-induced locomotion in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:111-116. [PMID: 28143769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) each contribute to opiate reward and each receive inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, the two principle brainstem cholinergic cell groups. We compared the contributions of VTA or RMTg muscarinic cholinergic receptors to locomotion induced by morphine infusions into the same sites. VTA co-infusion of atropine completely blocked VTA morphine-induced locomotion providing additional support for the important role of VTA muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the stimulant effects of opiates. By contrast, RMTg co-infusion of atropine increased RMTg morphine-induced locomotion. Furthermore, RMTg co-infusion of the M3-selective antagonist 4-DAMP, but not the M4-selective antagonist Tropicamide, strongly increased RMTg morphine-induced locomotion. RMTg infusions of 4-DAMP, but not of Tropicamide, by themselves strongly increased drug-free locomotion. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the RMTg thus also contribute to the stimulant effects of morphine, but in a way opposite to those in VTA. We suggest that the net effect of endogenous cholinergic input to the RMTg on drug-free and on RMTg morphine-induced locomotion is inhibitory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Steidl
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois, 60626, USA.
| | - Ekamjeet S Dhillon
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois, 60626, USA
| | - Natasha Sharma
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois, 60626, USA
| | - Jessica Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois, 60626, USA
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Geanes AR, Cho HP, Nance KD, McGowan KM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Meiler J, Lindsley CW. Ligand-based virtual screen for the discovery of novel M5 inhibitor chemotypes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4487-4491. [PMID: 27503678 PMCID: PMC4996684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes a ligand-based virtual screening campaign utilizing SAR data around the M5 NAMs, ML375 and VU6000181. Both QSAR and shape scores were employed to virtually screen a 98,000-member compound library. Neither approach alone proved productive, but a consensus score of the two models identified a novel scaffold which proved to be a modestly selective, but weak inhibitor (VU0549108) of the M5 mAChR (M5 IC50=6.2μM, M1-4 IC50s>10μM) based on an unusual 8-((1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-oxa-4-thia-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane scaffold. [(3)H]-NMS binding studies showed that VU0549108 interacts with the orthosteric site (Ki of 2.7μM), but it is not clear if this is negative cooperativity or orthosteric binding. Interestingly, analogs synthesized around VU0549108 proved weak, and SAR was very steep. However, this campaign validated the approach and warranted further expansion to identify additional novel chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Geanes
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hykeyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin M McGowan
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Berizzi AE, Gentry PR, Rueda P, Den Hoedt S, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Christopoulos A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of M5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Allosteric Modulators. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:427-36. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Grasing K. A threshold model for opposing actions of acetylcholine on reward behavior: Molecular mechanisms and implications for treatment of substance abuse disorders. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:148-62. [PMID: 27316344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic system plays important roles in both learning and addiction. Medications that modify cholinergic tone can have pronounced effects on behaviors reinforced by natural and drug reinforcers. Importantly, enhancing the action of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system can either augment or diminish these behaviors. A threshold model is presented that can explain these seemingly contradictory results. Relatively low levels of ACh rise above a lower threshold, facilitating behaviors supported by drugs or natural reinforcers. Further increases in cholinergic tone that rise above a second upper threshold oppose the same behaviors. Accordingly, cholinesterase inhibitors, or agonists for nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, each have the potential to produce biphasic effects on reward behaviors. Pretreatment with either nicotinic or muscarinic antagonists can block drug- or food- reinforced behavior by maintaining cholinergic tone below its lower threshold. Potential threshold mediators include desensitization of nicotinic receptors and biphasic effects of ACh on the firing of medium spiny neurons. Nicotinic receptors with high- and low- affinity appear to play greater roles in reward enhancement and inhibition, respectively. Cholinergic inhibition of natural and drug rewards may serve as mediators of previously described opponent processes. Future studies should evaluate cholinergic agents across a broader range of doses, and include a variety of reinforced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Grasing
- From the Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, 151, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States; From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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Levran O, Randesi M, Peles E, Correa da Rosa J, Ott J, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. African-specific variability in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor M4: association with cocaine and heroin addiction. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:995-1003. [PMID: 27269905 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to determine whether polymorphisms in acetylcholine receptors contribute to opioid dependence and/or cocaine dependence. PATIENTS & METHODS The sample (n = 1860) was divided by drug and ancestry, and 55 polymorphisms (nine genes) were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 20 SNPs that showed nominally significant associations, the association of the African-specific CHRM4 SNP rs2229163 (Asn417=) with cocaine dependence survived correction for multiple testing (Pcorrected = 0.047). CHRM4 is located in a region of strong linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 11 that includes genes associated with schizophrenia. CHRM4 SNP rs2229163 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with several African-specific SNPs in DGKZ and AMBRA1. CONCLUSION Cholinergic receptors' variants may contribute to drug addiction and have a potential role as pharmacogenetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jurg Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System & NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wasserman DI, Tan JMJ, Kim JC, Yeomans JS. Muscarinic control of rostromedial tegmental nucleus GABA neurons and morphine-induced locomotion. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1761-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David I. Wasserman
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Joel M. J. Tan
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - John S. Yeomans
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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47
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Croy CH, Chan WY, Castetter AM, Watt ML, Quets AT, Felder CC. Characterization of PCS1055, a novel muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 782:70-6. [PMID: 27085897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of synthetic ligands selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes has been challenging due to the high sequence identity and structural homology among the five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Here, we report the pharmacological characterization of PCS1055, a novel muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist. PCS1055 inhibited radioligand [(3)H]-NMS binding to the M4 receptor with a Ki=6.5nM. Though the potency of PCS1055 is lower than that of pan-muscarinic antagonist atropine, it has better subtype selectivity over previously reported M4-selective reagents such as the muscarinic-peptide toxins (Karlsson et al., 1994; Santiago and Potter, 2001a) at the M1 subtype, and benzoxazine ligand PD102807 at the M3-subtype (Bohme et al., 2002). A detailed head-to-head comparison study using [(3)H]-NMS competitive binding assays characterizes the selectivity profiles of PCS1055 to that of other potent muscarinic-antagonist compounds PD102807, tropicamide, AF-DX-384, pirenzapine, and atropine. In addition to binding studies, the subtype specificity of PCS1055 is also demonstrated by functional receptor activation as readout by GTP-γ-[(35)S] binding. These GTP-γ-[(35)S] binding studies showed that PCS1055 exhibited 255-, 69.1-, 342- and >1000-fold greater inhibition of Oxo-M activity at the M4 versus the M1-, M2(-), M3-or M5 receptor subtypes, respectively. Schild analyses indicates that PCS1055 acts as a competitive antagonist to muscarinic M4 receptor, and confirms the affinity of the ligand to be low nanomolar, Kb=5.72nM. Therefore, PCS1055 represents a new M4-preferring antagonist that may be useful in elucidating the roles of M4 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie H Croy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Division, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Wai Y Chan
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Lilly Research Centre, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Castetter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Division, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Marla L Watt
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Division, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Anne T Quets
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Division, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Christian C Felder
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Division, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.
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48
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Gaub S, Fisher SE, Ehret G. Ultrasonic vocalizations of adult male Foxp2-mutant mice: behavioral contexts of arousal and emotion. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:243-59. [PMID: 26566793 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adult mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) occur in multiple behavioral and stimulus contexts associated with various levels of arousal, emotion and social interaction. Here, in three experiments of increasing stimulus intensity (water; female urine; male interacting with adult female), we tested the hypothesis that USVs of adult males express the strength of arousal and emotion via different USV parameters (18 parameters analyzed). Furthermore, we analyzed two mouse lines with heterozygous Foxp2 mutations (R552H missense, S321X nonsense), known to produce severe speech and language disorders in humans. These experiments allowed us to test whether intact Foxp2 function is necessary for developing full adult USV repertoires, and whether mutations of this gene influence instinctive vocal expressions based on arousal and emotion. The results suggest that USV calling rate characterizes the arousal level, while sound pressure and spectrotemporal call complexity (overtones/harmonics, type of frequency jumps) may provide indices of levels of positive emotion. The presence of Foxp2 mutations did not qualitatively affect the USVs; all USV types that were found in wild-type animals also occurred in heterozygous mutants. However, mice with Foxp2 mutations displayed quantitative differences in USVs as compared to wild-types, and these changes were context dependent. Compared to wild-type animals, heterozygous mutants emitted mainly longer and louder USVs at higher minimum frequencies with a higher occurrence rate of overtones/harmonics and complex frequency jump types. We discuss possible hypotheses about Foxp2 influence on emotional vocal expressions, which can be investigated in future experiments using selective knockdown of Foxp2 in specific brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gaub
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - S E Fisher
- Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Ehret
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Germany
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49
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding affinities of pethidine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5032-5. [PMID: 26494260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of pethidine analogs were synthesized and their affinities for the [(3)H]N-methyl-scopolamine (NMS) binding site on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) were determined using M1, M3 or M5 human mAChRs expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes. Compound 6b showed the highest binding affinities at M1, M3 and M5 mAChRs (Ki=0.67, 0.37, and 0.38 μM, respectively).
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50
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Bommagani S, Lee NR, Zhang X, Dwoskin LP, Zheng G. Synthesis of O- and N-alkylated products of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[ c][2,7]naphthyrin-5(6 H)-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:6472-6474. [PMID: 26663991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of O- and N-alkylated products of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyrin-5(6H)-one are presented. The O-alkylated analogues were synthesized through a reduction-cyclization cascade and a selective O-alkylation reaction; whereas the N-alkylated analogues were obtained through a key Buchwald coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobanbabu Bommagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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