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Liu R, Collier JM, Abdul-Rahman NH, Capuk O, Zhang Z, Begum G. Dysregulation of Ion Channels and Transporters and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1748-1770. [PMID: 38300642 PMCID: PMC11272208 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in maintaining ion and fluid homeostasis, essential for brain metabolism and neuronal function. Regulation of nutrient, water, and ion transport across the BBB is tightly controlled by specialized ion transporters and channels located within its unique cellular components. These dynamic transport processes not only influence the BBB's structure but also impact vital signaling mechanisms, essential for its optimal function. Disruption in ion, pH, and fluid balance at the BBB is associated with brain pathology and has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the impact of ion transport dysregulation on BBB function in neurodegenerative dementias. Several factors contribute to this gap: the complex nature of these conditions, historical research focus on neuronal mechanisms and technical challenges in studying the ion transport mechanisms in in vivo models and the lack of efficient in vitro BBB dementia models. This review provides an overview of current research on the roles of ion transporters and channels at the BBB and poses specific research questions: 1) How are the expression and activity of key ion transporters altered in AD and vascular dementia (VaD); 2) Do these changes contribute to BBB dysfunction and disease progression; and 3) Can restoring ion transport function mitigate BBB dysfunction and improve clinical outcomes. Addressing these gaps will provide a greater insight into the vascular pathology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jenelle M Collier
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Okan Capuk
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kok M, Brodsky JL. The biogenesis of potassium transporters: implications of disease-associated mutations. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024:1-45. [PMID: 38946646 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2369986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of intracellular and extracellular potassium is tightly regulated due to the action of various ion transporters, channels, and pumps, which reside primarily in the kidney. Yet, potassium transporters and cotransporters play vital roles in all organs and cell types. Perhaps not surprisingly, defects in the biogenesis, function, and/or regulation of these proteins are linked to range of catastrophic human diseases, but to date, few drugs have been approved to treat these maladies. In this review, we discuss the structure, function, and activity of a group of potassium-chloride cotransporters, the KCCs, as well as the related sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters, the NKCCs. Diseases associated with each of the four KCCs and two NKCCs are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on how these complex membrane proteins fold and mature in the endoplasmic reticulum, how non-native forms of the cotransporters are destroyed in the cell, and which cellular factors oversee their maturation and transport to the cell surface. When known, we also outline how the levels and activities of each cotransporter are regulated. Open questions in the field and avenues for future investigations are further outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Kok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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van Andel DM, Sprengers JJ, Königs M, de Jonge MV, Bruining H. Effects of Bumetanide on Neurocognitive Functioning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:894-904. [PMID: 36626004 PMCID: PMC10907457 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the secondary-analysis of neurocognitive tests in the 'Bumetanide in Autism Medication and Biomarker' (BAMBI;EUDRA-CT-2014-001560-35) study, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled (1:1) trial testing 3-months bumetanide treatment (≤ 1 mg twice-daily) in unmedicated children 7-15 years with ASD. Children with IQ ≥ 70 were analyzed for baseline deficits and treatment-effects on the intention-to-treat-population with generalized-linear-models, principal component analysis and network analysis. Ninety-two children were allocated to treatment and 83 eligible for analyses. Heterogeneous neurocognitive impairments were found that were unaffected by bumetanide treatment. Network analysis showed higher modularity after treatment (mean difference:-0.165, 95%CI:-0.317 to - 0.013,p = .034) and changes in the relative importance of response inhibition in the neurocognitive network (mean difference:-0.037, 95%CI:-0.073 to - 0.001,p = .042). This study offers perspectives to include neurocognitive tests in ASD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinde M van Andel
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Sprengers
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam UMC Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maretha V de Jonge
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilgo Bruining
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- N=You Neurodevelopmental Precision Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Levvel, Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kim HR, Long M, Sekerková G, Maes A, Kennedy A, Martina M. Hypernegative GABA A Reversal Potential in Pyramidal Cells Contributes to Medial Prefrontal Cortex Deactivation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:522-532. [PMID: 37793537 PMCID: PMC10841847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been broadly reported in both neuropathic pain models and human chronic pain patients. Several cellular mechanisms may contribute to the inhibition of mPFC activity, including enhanced GABAergic inhibition. The functional effect of GABAA(γ-aminobutyric acid type A)-receptor activation depends on the concentration of intracellular chloride in the postsynaptic neuron, which is mainly regulated by the activity of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), 2 potassium-chloride cotransporters that import and extrude chloride, respectively. Recent work has shown that the NKCC1-KCC2 ratio is affected in numerous pathological conditions, and we hypothesized that it may contribute to the alteration of mPFC function in neuropathic pain. We used quantitative in situ hybridization to assess the level of expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 in the mPFC of a mouse model of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury), and we found that KCC2 transcript is increased in the mPFC of spared nerve injury mice while NKCC1 is not affected. Perforated patch recordings further showed that this results in the hypernegative reversal potential of the GABAA current in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. Computational simulations suggested that this change in GABAA reversal potential is sufficient to significantly reduce the overall activity of the cortical network. Thus, our results identify a novel pathological modulation of GABAA function and a new mechanism by which mPFC function is inhibited in neuropathic pain. Our data also help explain previous findings showing that activation of mPFC interneurons has proalgesic effect in neuropathic, but not in control conditions. PERSPECTIVE: Chronic pain is associated with the presence of depolarizing GABAA current in the spinal cord, suggesting that pharmacological NKCC1 antagonism has analgesic effects. However, our results show that in neuropathic pain, GABAA current is actually hyperinhibitory in the mPFC, where it contributes to the mPFC functional deactivation. This suggests caution in the use of NKCC1 antagonism to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haram R Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manzhao Long
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriella Sekerková
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amadeus Maes
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ann Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Rastoldo G, Tighilet B. The Vestibular Nuclei: A Cerebral Reservoir of Stem Cells Involved in Balance Function in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1422. [PMID: 38338702 PMCID: PMC10855768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the intriguing realm of neurogenesis in the vestibular nuclei-a critical brainstem region governing balance and spatial orientation. We retrace almost 20 years of research into vestibular neurogenesis, from its discovery in the feline model in 2007 to the recent discovery of a vestibular neural stem cell niche. We explore the reasons why neurogenesis is important in the vestibular nuclei and the triggers for activating the vestibular neurogenic niche. We develop the symbiotic relationship between neurogenesis and gliogenesis to promote vestibular compensation. Finally, we examine the potential impact of reactive neurogenesis on vestibular compensation, highlighting its role in restoring balance through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rastoldo
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France;
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France;
- GDR Vertige CNRS Unité GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
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Comas M, De Pietri Tonelli D, Berdondini L, Astiz M. Ontogeny of the circadian system: a multiscale process throughout development. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:36-46. [PMID: 38071123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The 24 h (circadian) timing system develops in mammals during the perinatal period. It carries out the essential task of anticipating daily recurring environmental changes to identify the best time of day for each molecular, cellular, and systemic process. Although significant knowledge has been acquired about the organization and function of the adult circadian system, relatively little is known about its ontogeny. During the perinatal period, the circadian system progressively gains functionality under the influence of the early environment. This review explores current evidence on the development of the circadian clock in mammals, highlighting the multilevel complexity of the process and the importance of gaining a better understanding of its underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Comas
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Luca Berdondini
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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7
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Bonassi G, Semprini M, Mandich P, Trevisan L, Marchese R, Lagravinese G, Barban F, Pelosin E, Chiappalone M, Mantini D, Avanzino L. Neural oscillations modulation during working memory in pre-manifest and early Huntington's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148540. [PMID: 37598900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently demonstrated specific spectral signatures associated with updating of memory information, working memory (WM) maintenance and readout, with relatively high spatial resolution by means of high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). WM is impaired already in early symptomatic HD (early-HD) and in pre-manifest HD (pre-HD). The aim of this study was to test whether hdEEG coupled to source localization allows for the identification of neuronal oscillations in specific frequency bands in 16 pre-HD and early-HD during different phases of a WM task. METHODS We examined modulation of neural oscillations by event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) of θ, β, gamma low, γLOW and γHIGH EEG bands in a-priori selected large fronto-parietal network, including the insula and the cerebellum. RESULTS We found: (i) Reduced θ oscillations in HD with respect to controls in almost all the areas of the WM network during the update and readout phases; (ii) Modulation of β oscillations, which increased during the maintenance phase of the WM task in both groups; (iii) correlation of γHIGH oscillations during WM task with disease burden score in HD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data show reduced phase-specific modulation of oscillations in pre-HD and early-HD, even in the presence of preserved dynamic of modulation. Particularly, reduced synchronization in the θ band in the areas of the WM network, consistent with abnormal long-range coordination of neuronal activity within this network, was found in update and readout phases in HD groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marianna Semprini
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisan
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Lagravinese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Barban
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dept. of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dept. of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Igarashi K, Kitanaka J, Kitanaka N, Takashi Y, Tanaka KI, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Kurimasa A, Nishitani Y, Sato T. Therapeutic potential for KCC2-targeted neurological diseases. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:431-438. [PMID: 38022385 PMCID: PMC10665825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, tend to show low K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) levels in the brain. The cause of these diseases has been associated with stress and neuroinflammation. However, since the pathogenesis of these diseases is not yet fully investigated, drug therapy is still limited to symptomatic therapy. Targeting KCC2, which is mainly expressed in the brain, seems to be an appropriate approach in the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss about stress and inflammation, KCC2 and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function, diseases which decrease the KCC2 levels in the brain, factors that regulate KCC2 activity, and the possibility to overcome neuronal dysfunction targeting KCC2. We also aimed to discuss the relationships between neurological diseases and LPS caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g), which is a type of oral bacterium. Clinical trials on oxytocin, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V Member 1 activator have been conducted to develop effective treatment methods. We believe that KCC2 modulators that regulate mitochondria, such as oxytocin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and SIRT1, can be potential targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Schoolof Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Nobue Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Schoolof Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Takashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937–13194, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
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Pethe A, Hamze M, Giannaki M, Heimrich B, Medina I, Hartmann AM, Roussa E. K +/Cl - cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and Na +/ HCO3- cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) interaction modulates profile of KCC2 phosphorylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1253424. [PMID: 37881493 PMCID: PMC10595033 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
K+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is a major Cl- extruder in mature neurons and is responsible for the establishment of low intracellular [Cl-], necessary for fast hyperpolarizing GABAA-receptor mediated synaptic inhibition. Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) is a pH regulatory protein expressed in neurons and glial cells. An interactome study identified NBCe1 as a possible interaction partner of KCC2. In this study, we investigated the putative effect of KCC2/NBCe1 interaction in baseline and the stimulus-induced phosphorylation pattern and function of KCC2. Primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cultures from wildtype (WT) and Nbce1-deficient mice, as well as HEK-293 cells stably transfected with KCC2WT, were used. The results show that KCC2 and NBCe1 are interaction partners in the mouse brain. In HEKKCC2 cells, pharmacological inhibition of NBCs with S0859 prevented staurosporine- and 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-induced KCC2 activation. In mature cultures of hippocampal neurons, however, S0859 completely inhibited postsynaptic GABAAR and, thus, could not be used as a tool to investigate the role of NBCs in GABA-dependent neuronal networks. In Nbce1-deficient immature hippocampal neurons, baseline phosphorylation of KCC2 at S940 was downregulated, compared to WT, and exposure to staurosporine failed to reduce pKCC2 S940 and T1007. In Nbce1-deficient mature neurons, baseline levels of pKCC2 S940 and T1007 were upregulated compared to WT, whereas after 4AP treatment, pKCC2 S940 was downregulated, and pKCC2 T1007 was further upregulated. Functional experiments showed that the levels of GABAAR reversal potential, baseline intracellular [Cl-], Cl- extrusion, and baseline intracellular pH were similar between WT and Nbce1-deficient neurons. Altogether, our data provide a primary description of the properties of KCC2/NBCe1 protein-protein interaction and implicate modulation of stimulus-mediated phosphorylation of KCC2 by NBCe1/KCC2 interaction-a mechanism with putative pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pethe
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mira Hamze
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marina Giannaki
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Igor Medina
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Maria Hartmann
- Division of Neurogenetics, Faculty VI, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Lutfi Ismaeel G, Makki AlHassani OJ, S Alazragi R, Hussein Ahmed A, H Mohamed A, Yasir Jasim N, Hassan Shari F, Almashhadani HA. Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state-of-the-art. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3363. [PMID: 37221947 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with remarkable self-renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) and improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and NT-3), pro-angiogenic mediators (e.g., FGF-2 and VEGF), and anti-inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, NSCs transplantation has become a reasonable and effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity to induce neurogenesis and vasculogenesis and dampen neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, various drawbacks such as lower migration and survival and less differential capacity to a particular cell lineage concerning the disease pathogenesis hinder their application. Thus, genetic engineering of NSCs before transplantation is recently regarded as an innovative strategy to bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified NSCs could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post-transplantation in vivo, making them an excellent option for neurological disease therapy. This review for the first time offers a comprehensive review of the therapeutic capability of genetically modified NSCs rather than naïve NSCs in neurological disease beyond brain tumors and sheds light on the recent progress and prospect in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Hussein Ahmed
- Department of Radiology and Sonar, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nisreen Yasir Jasim
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Falah Hassan Shari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Beatriz M, Rodrigues RJ, Vilaça R, Egas C, Pinheiro PS, Daley GQ, Schlaeger TM, Raimundo N, Rego AC, Lopes C. Extracellular vesicles improve GABAergic transmission in Huntington's disease iPSC-derived neurons. Theranostics 2023; 13:3707-3724. [PMID: 37441602 PMCID: PMC10334823 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry bioactive molecules associated with various biological processes, including miRNAs. In both Huntington's disease (HD) models and human samples, altered expression of miRNAs involved in synapse regulation was reported. Recently, the use of EV cargo to reverse phenotypic alterations in disease models with synaptopathy as the end result of the pathophysiological cascade has become an interesting possibility. Methods: Here, we assessed the contribution of EVs to GABAergic synaptic alterations using a human HD model and studied the miRNA content of isolated EVs. Results: After differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into electrophysiologically active striatal-like GABAergic neurons, we found that HD-derived neurons displayed reduced density of inhibitory synapse markers and GABA receptor-mediated ionotropic signaling. Treatment with EVs secreted by control (CTR) fibroblasts reversed the deficits in GABAergic synaptic transmission and increased the density of inhibitory synapses in HD-derived neuron cultures, while EVs from HD-derived fibroblasts had the opposite effects on CTR-derived neurons. Moreover, analysis of miRNAs from purified EVs identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs between manifest HD, premanifest, and CTR lines with predicted synaptic targets. Conclusion: The EV-mediated reversal of the abnormal GABAergic phenotype in HD-derived neurons reinforces the potential role of EV-miRNAs on synapse regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Beatriz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Vilaça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biocant- Transfer Technology Association, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo S. Pinheiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Q. Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Thorsten M. Schlaeger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- MIA - Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- MIA - Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Chen R, Swale DR. Functional interactions between potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC) and inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels in the insect central nervous system. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105389. [PMID: 37105628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The K+/Cl- cotransporter (KCC) is the primary mechanism by which mature neurons maintain low intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration and has been shown to be functionally coupled to the GABA-gated chloride channels (GGCC) in Drosophila central neurons. Further, pharmacological inhibition of KCC has been shown to lead to acute toxicity of mosquitoes that highlights the toxicological relevance of insect KCC. Yet, gaps in knowledge remain regarding physiological drivers of KCC function and interactions of ion flux mechanisms upstream of GGCC in insects. Considering this, we employed electrophysiological and fluorescent microscopy techniques to further characterize KCC in the insect nervous system. Fluorescent microscopy indicated insect KCC2 is expressed in rdl neurons, which is the neuron type responsible for GABA-mediated neurotransmission, and are coexpressed with inward rectifier potassium (Kir) 2 channels. Coexpression of Kir2 and KCC2 suggested the possibility of functional coupling between these two K+ flux pathways. Indeed, extracellular recordings of Drosophila CNS showed pre-block of Kir channels prior to block of KCC led to a significant (P < 0.001) increase in CNS firing rates over baseline that when taken together, supports functional coupling of Kir to KCC function. Additionally, we documented a synergistic increase to toxicity of VU0463271, an established KCC inhibitor, above the expected additive toxicity after co-treatment with the Kir inhibitor, VU041. These data expand current knowledge regarding the physiological roles of KCC and Kir channels in the insect nervous system by defining additional pathways that facilitate inhibitory neurotransmission through GGCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Daniel R Swale
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
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13
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Pajer K, Bellák T, Grósz T, Nógrádi B, Patai R, Sinkó J, Vinay L, Liabeuf S, Erdélyi M, Nógrádi A. Riluzole treatment modulates KCC2 and EAAT-2 receptor expression and Ca 2+ accumulation following ventral root avulsion injury. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151317. [PMID: 37099936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avulsion injury results in motoneuron death due to the increased excitotoxicity developing in the affected spinal segments. This study focused on possible short and long term molecular and receptor expression alterations which are thought to be linked to the excitotoxic events in the ventral horn with or without the anti-excitotoxic riluzole treatment. In our experimental model the left lumbar 4 and 5 (L4, 5) ventral roots of the spinal cord were avulsed. Treated animals received riluzole for 2 weeks. Riluzole is a compound that acts to block voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels. In control animals the L4, 5 ventral roots were avulsed without riluzole treatment. Expression of astrocytic EAAT-2 and that of KCC2 in motoneurons on the affected side of the L4 spinal segment were detected after the injury by confocal and dSTORM imaging, intracellular Ca2+ levels in motoneurons were quantified by electron microscopy. The KCC2 labeling in the lateral and ventrolateral parts of the L4 ventral horn was weaker compared with the medial part of L4 ventral horn in both groups. Riluzole treatment dramatically enhanced motoneuron survival but was not able to prevent the down-regulation of KCC2 expression in injured motoneurons. In contrast, riluzole successfully obviated the increase of intracellular calcium level and the decrease of EAAT-2 expression in astrocytes compared with untreated injured animals. We conclude that KCC2 may not be an essential component for survival of injured motoneurons and riluzole is able to modulate the intracellular level of calcium and expression of EAAT-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Pajer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bellák
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Grósz
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernát Nógrádi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Sinkó
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laurent Vinay
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS and Aix Marseille Université, Campus Santé Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Liabeuf
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS and Aix Marseille Université, Campus Santé Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Egawa K, Watanabe M, Shiraishi H, Sato D, Takahashi Y, Nishio S, Fukuda A. Imbalanced expression of cation-chloride cotransporters as a potential therapeutic target in an Angelman syndrome mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5685. [PMID: 37069177 PMCID: PMC10110603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene. Treatments for the main manifestations, including cognitive dysfunction or epilepsy, are still under development. Recently, the Cl- importer Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and the Cl- exporter K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) have garnered attention as therapeutic targets for many neurological disorders. Dysregulation of neuronal intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) is generally regarded as one of the mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction caused by imbalanced expression of these cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). Here, we analyzed the regulation of [Cl-]i and the effects of bumetanide, an NKCC1 inhibitor, in Angelman syndrome models (Ube3am-/p+ mice). We observed increased NKCC1 expression and decreased KCC2 expression in the hippocampi of Ube3am-/p+ mice. The average [Cl-]i of CA1 pyramidal neurons was not significantly different but demonstrated greater variance in Ube3am-/p+ mice. Tonic GABAA receptor-mediated Cl- conductance was reduced, which may have contributed to maintaining the normal average [Cl-]i. Bumetanide administration restores cognitive dysfunction in Ube3am-/p+ mice. Seizure susceptibility was also reduced regardless of the genotype. These results suggest that an imbalanced expression of CCCs is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of Ube3am-/p+ mice, although the average [Cl-]i is not altered. The blockage of NKCC1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Epilepsy Center, NHO, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-Ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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15
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Fogarty MJ. Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086962. [PMID: 37108127 PMCID: PMC10138861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, GABA and glycine play major trophic and synaptic roles in the establishment of the neuromotor system. In this review, we summarise the formation, function and maturation of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses within neuromotor circuits during development. We take special care to discuss the differences in limb and respiratory neuromotor control. We then investigate the influences that GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission has on two major developmental neuromotor disorders: Rett syndrome and spastic cerebral palsy. We present these two syndromes in order to contrast the approaches to disease mechanism and therapy. While both conditions have motor dysfunctions at their core, one condition Rett syndrome, despite having myriad symptoms, has scientists focused on the breathing abnormalities and their alleviation-to great clinical advances. By contrast, cerebral palsy remains a scientific quagmire or poor definitions, no widely adopted model and a lack of therapeutic focus. We conclude that the sheer abundance of diversity of inhibitory neurotransmitter targets should provide hope for intractable conditions, particularly those that exhibit broad spectra of dysfunction-such as spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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16
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Pressey JC, de Saint-Rome M, Raveendran VA, Woodin MA. Chloride transporters controlling neuronal excitability. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1095-1135. [PMID: 36302178 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability, which is the foundation of nervous system function. This inhibition is largely mediated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine that activate Cl--permeable ion channels, which means that the strength of inhibition depends on the Cl- gradient across the membrane. In neurons, the Cl- gradient is primarily mediated by two secondarily active cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), NKCC1 and KCC2. CCC-mediated regulation of the neuronal Cl- gradient is critical for healthy brain function, as dysregulation of CCCs has emerged as a key mechanism underlying neurological disorders including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and autism spectrum disorder. This review begins with an overview of neuronal chloride transporters before explaining the dependent relationship between these CCCs, Cl- regulation, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. We then discuss the evidence for how CCCs can be regulated, including by activity and their protein interactions, which underlie inhibitory synaptic plasticity. For readers who may be interested in conducting experiments on CCCs and neuronal excitability, we have included a section on techniques for estimating and recording intracellular Cl-, including their advantages and limitations. Although the focus of this review is on neurons, we also examine how Cl- is regulated in glial cells, which in turn regulate neuronal excitability through the tight relationship between this nonneuronal cell type and synapses. Finally, we discuss the relatively extensive and growing literature on how CCC-mediated neuronal excitability contributes to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Pressey
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda de Saint-Rome
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vineeth A Raveendran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie A Woodin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Sudhakar SK. Are GABAergic drugs beneficial in providing neuroprotection after traumatic brain injuries? A comprehensive literature review of preclinical studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1109406. [PMID: 36816561 PMCID: PMC9931759 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) caused by physical impact to the brain can adversely impact the welfare and well-being of the affected individuals. One of the leading causes of mortality and dysfunction in the world, TBI is a major public health problem facing the human community. Drugs that target GABAergic neurotransmission are commonly used for sedation in clinical TBI yet their potential to cause neuroprotection is unclear. In this paper, I have performed a rigorous literature review of the neuroprotective effects of drugs that increase GABAergic currents based on the results reported in preclinical literature. The drugs covered in this review include the following: propofol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, isoflurane, and other drugs that are agonists of GABAA receptors. A careful review of numerous preclinical studies reveals that these drugs fail to produce any neuroprotection after a primary impact to the brain. In numerous circumstances, they could be detrimental to neuroprotection by increasing the size of the contusional brain tissue and by severely interfering with behavioral and functional recovery. Therefore, anesthetic agents that work by enhancing the effect of neurotransmitter GABA should be administered with caution of TBI patients until a clear and concrete picture of their neuroprotective efficacy emerges in the clinical literature.
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18
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Endothelial LRP1-ICD Accelerates Cognition-Associated Alpha-Synuclein Pathology and Neurodegeneration through PARP1 Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:979-1003. [PMID: 36394710 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into Lewy bodies. In addition to motor impairment, PD commonly presents with cognitive impairment, a non-motor symptom with poor outcome. Cortical αSyn pathology correlates closely with vascular risk factors and vascular degeneration in cognitive impairment. However, how the brain microvasculature regulates αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we constructed a rapidly progressive PD model by injecting alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (αSyn PFFs) into the cerebral cortex and striatum. Brain capillaries in mice with cognitive impairment showed a reduction in diameter and length after 6 months, along with string vessel formation. The intracellular domain of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1-ICD) was upregulated in brain microvascular endothelium. LRP1-ICD promoted αSyn PFF uptake and exacerbated endothelial damage and neuronal apoptosis. Then, we overexpressed LRP1-ICD in brain capillaries using an adeno-associated virus carrying an endothelial-specific promoter. Endothelial LRP1-ICD worsened αSyn PFF-induced vascular damage, αSyn pathology, or neuron death in the cortex and hippocampus, resulting in severe motor and cognitive impairment. LRP1-ICD increased the synthesis of poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) in the presence of αSyn PFFs. Inhibition of PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) prevented vascular-derived injury, as did loss of PARP1 in the endothelium, which was further implicated in endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation. Together, we demonstrate a novel vascular mechanism of cognitive impairment in PD. These findings support a role for endothelial LRP1-ICD/PARP1 in αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration, and provide evidence for vascular protection strategies in PD therapy.
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19
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Cation-Chloride Cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1 as Therapeutic Targets in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031344. [PMID: 36771011 PMCID: PMC9920462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Down syndrome and epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, are conditions that affect not only individuals but societies on a global scale. Current therapies offer a means for small symptomatic relief, but recently there has been increasing demand for therapeutic alternatives. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling system has been investigated for developing new therapies as it has been noted that any dysfunction or changes to this system can contribute to disease progression. Expression of the K-Cl-2 (KCC2) and N-K-C1-1 (NKCC1) cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) has recently been linked to the disruption of GABAergic activity by affecting the polarity of GABAA receptor signaling. KCC2 and NKCC1 play a part in multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, making them a target of interest for potential therapies. This review explores current research suggesting the pathophysiological role and therapeutic importance of KCC2 and NKCC1 in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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20
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Rong J, Yang Y, Liang M, Zhong H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sha S, Chen L, Zhou R. Neonatal inflammation increases hippocampal KCC2 expression through methylation-mediated TGF-β1 downregulation leading to impaired hippocampal cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in adult mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 36691035 PMCID: PMC9872321 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neonatal inflammation leads to cognitive deficits in adulthood remain poorly understood. Inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission plays a vital role in controlling learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Since early-life inflammation has been reported to adversely affect the GABAergic synaptic transmission, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and how neonatal inflammation affects GABAergic synaptic transmission resulting in cognitive impairment. Neonatal mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 3-5. It was found that blocking GABAergic synaptic transmission reversed the deficit in hippocampus-dependent memory or the induction failure of long-term potentiation in the dorsal CA1 in adult LPS mice. An increase of mIPSCs amplitude was further detected in adult LPS mice indicative of postsynaptic potentiation of GABAergic transmission. Additionally, neonatal LPS resulted in the increased expression and function of K+-Cl--cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the dorsal CA1 during adulthood. The local TGF-β1 overexpression improved KCC2 expression and function, synaptic plasticity and memory of adult LPS mice. Adult LPS mice show hypermethylation of TGFb1 promoter and negatively correlate with reduced TGF-β1 transcripts. 5-Aza-deoxycytidine restored the changes in TGFb1 promoter methylation and TGF-β1 expression. Altogether, the results suggest that hypermethylation-induced reduction of TGF-β1 leads to enhanced GABAergic synaptic inhibition through increased KCC2 expression, which is a underlying mechanism of neonatal inflammation-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Min Liang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiquan Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yingchun Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Sha Sha
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Rong Zhou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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21
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Kreis A, Issa F, Yerna X, Jabbour C, Schakman O, de Clippele M, Tajeddine N, Pierrot N, Octave JN, Gualdani R, Gailly P. Conditional deletion of KCC2 impairs synaptic plasticity and both spatial and nonspatial memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1081657. [PMID: 37168681 PMCID: PMC10164999 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic inhibition through GABAA receptors (GABAAR) relies on two mechanisms, a shunting effect due to an increase in the postsynaptic membrane conductance and, in mature neurons, a hyperpolarization effect due to an entry of chloride into postsynaptic neurons. The second effect requires the action of the K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 which extrudes Cl- from the cell and maintains its cytosolic concentration very low. Neuronal chloride equilibrium seems to be dysregulated in several neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, schizophrenia, Down syndrome, or Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we used the KCC2 Cre-lox knockdown system to investigate the role of KCC2 in synaptic plasticity and memory formation in adult mice. Tamoxifen-induced conditional deletion of KCC2 in glutamatergic neurons of the forebrain was performed at 3 months of age and resulted in spatial and nonspatial learning impairment. On brain slices, the stimulation of Schaffer collaterals by a theta burst induced long-term potentiation (LTP). The lack of KCC2 did not affect potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) measured in the stratum radiatum (dendrites) but increased population spike (PS) amplitudes measured in the CA1 somatic layer, suggesting a reinforcement of the EPSP-PS potentiation, i.e., an increased ability of EPSPs to generate action potentials. At the cellular level, KCC2 deletion induced a positive shift in the reversal potential of GABAAR-driven Cl- currents (EGABA), suggesting an intracellular accumulation of chloride subsequent to the downregulation of KCC2. After treatment with bumetanide, an antagonist of the Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, spatial memory impairment, chloride accumulation, and EPSP-PS potentiation were rescued in mice lacking KCC2. The presented results emphasize the importance of chloride equilibrium and GABA-inhibiting ability in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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22
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Wu J, Möhle L, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Rafehi M, Stefan K, Stefan SM, Pahnke J. A Novel Huntington's Disease Assessment Platform to Support Future Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314763. [PMID: 36499090 PMCID: PMC9740291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder without efficient therapeutic options. The inefficient translation from preclinical and clinical research into clinical use is mainly attributed to the lack of (i) understanding of disease initiation, progression, and involved molecular mechanisms; (ii) knowledge of the possible HD target space and general data awareness; (iii) detailed characterizations of available disease models; (iv) better suitable models; and (v) reliable and sensitive biomarkers. To generate robust HD-like symptoms in a mouse model, the neomycin resistance cassette was excised from zQ175 mice, generating a new line: zQ175Δneo. We entirely describe the dynamics of behavioral, neuropathological, and immunohistological changes from 15-57 weeks of age. Specifically, zQ175Δneo mice showed early astrogliosis from 15 weeks; growth retardation, body weight loss, and anxiety-like behaviors from 29 weeks; motor deficits and reduced muscular strength from 36 weeks; and finally slight microgliosis at 57 weeks of age. Additionally, we collected the entire bioactivity network of small-molecule HD modulators in a multitarget dataset (HD_MDS). Hereby, we uncovered 358 unique compounds addressing over 80 different pharmacological targets and pathways. Our data will support future drug discovery approaches and may serve as useful assessment platform for drug discovery and development against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Iván Eiriz
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway; www.pahnkelab.eu
- Pahnke Lab (Drug Development and Chemical Biology), Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 4, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.M.S.); Tel.: +47-23-071-466 (J.P.)
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23
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Litwa K. Shared mechanisms of neural circuit disruption in tuberous sclerosis across lifespan: Bridging neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathology. Front Genet 2022; 13:997461. [PMID: 36506334 PMCID: PMC9732432 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) is a rare genetic disorder manifesting with multiple benign tumors impacting the function of vital organs. In TS patients, dominant negative mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 increase mTORC1 activity. Increased mTORC1 activity drives tumor formation, but also severely impacts central nervous system function, resulting in infantile seizures, intractable epilepsy, and TS-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, attention deficits, intellectual disability, and mood disorders. More recently, TS has also been linked with frontotemporal dementia. In addition to TS, accumulating evidence implicates increased mTORC1 activity in the pathology of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, TS provides a unique disease model to address whether developmental neural circuit abnormalities promote age-related neurodegeneration, while also providing insight into the therapeutic potential of mTORC1 inhibitors for both developing and degenerating neural circuits. In the following review, we explore the ability of both mouse and human brain organoid models to capture TS pathology, elucidate disease mechanisms, and shed light on how neurodevelopmental alterations may later contribute to age-related neurodegeneration.
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24
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Lam P, Vinnakota C, Guzmán BCF, Newland J, Peppercorn K, Tate WP, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Beta-Amyloid (Aβ1-42) Increases the Expression of NKCC1 in the Mouse Hippocampus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082440. [PMID: 35458638 PMCID: PMC9027496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing need for developing disease-modifying treatments as current therapies only provide marginal symptomatic relief. Recent evidence suggests the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system undergoes remodeling in AD, disrupting the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the brain. Altered expression levels of K-Cl-2 (KCC2) and N-K-Cl-1 (NKCC1), which are cation–chloride cotransporters (CCCs), have been implicated in disrupting GABAergic activity by regulating GABAA receptor signaling polarity in several neurological disorders, but these have not yet been explored in AD. NKCC1 and KCC2 regulate intracellular chloride [Cl−]i by accumulating and extruding Cl−, respectively. Increased NKCC1 expression in mature neurons has been reported in these disease conditions, and bumetanide, an NKCC1 inhibitor, is suggested to show potential therapeutic benefits. This study used primary mouse hippocampal neurons to explore if KCC2 and NKCC1 expression levels are altered following beta-amyloid (Aβ1-42) treatment and the potential neuroprotective effects of bumetanide. KCC2 and NKCC1 expression levels were also examined in 18-months-old male C57BL/6 mice following bilateral hippocampal Aβ1-42 stereotaxic injection. No change in KCC2 and NKCC1 expression levels were observed in mouse hippocampal neurons treated with 1 nM Aβ1-42, but NKCC1 expression increased 30-days post-Aβ1-42-injection in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. Primary mouse hippocampal cultures were treated with 1 nM Aβ1-42 alone or with various concentrations of bumetanide (1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM, 1 mM) to investigate the effect of the drug on cell viability. Aβ1-42 produced 53.1 ± 1.4% cell death after 5 days, and the addition of bumetanide did not reduce this. However, the drug at all concentrations significantly reduced cell viability, suggesting bumetanide is highly neurotoxic. In summary, these results suggest that chronic exposure to Aβ1-42 alters the balance of KCC2 and NKCC1 expression in a region-and layer-specific manner in mouse hippocampal tissue; therefore, this process most likely contributes to altered hippocampal E/I balance in this model. Furthermore, bumetanide induces hippocampal neurotoxicity, thus questioning its suitability for AD therapy. Further investigations are required to examine the effects of Aβ1-42 on KCC2 and NKCC1 expression and whether targeting CCCs might offer a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lam
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Chitra Vinnakota
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Beatriz Calvo-Flores Guzmán
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Julia Newland
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (K.P.); (W.P.T.)
| | - Warren P. Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (K.P.); (W.P.T.)
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Richard L. M. Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.L.); (C.V.); (B.C.-F.G.); (J.N.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9923-9346
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25
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Yarotskyy V, Lark ARS, Nass SR, Hahn YK, Marone MG, McQuiston AR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Chloride channels with ClC-1-like properties differentially regulate the excitability of dopamine receptor D1- and D2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C395-C409. [PMID: 35080921 PMCID: PMC8917939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00397.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic chloride (Cl-) regulation is critical for synaptic inhibition. In mature neurons, Cl- influx and extrusion are primarily controlled by ligand-gated anion channels (GABAA and glycine receptors) and the potassium chloride cotransporter K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), respectively. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a presence of a new source of Cl- influx in striatal neurons with properties similar to chloride voltage-gated channel 1 (ClC-1). Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings, we detected an outwardly rectifying voltage-dependent current that was impermeable to the large anion methanesulfonate (MsO-). The anionic current was sensitive to the ClC-1 inhibitor 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-AC) and the nonspecific blocker phloretin. The mean fractions of anionic current inhibition by MsO-, 9-AC, and phloretin were not significantly different, indicating that anionic current was caused by active ClC-1-like channels. In addition, we found that Cl- current was not sensitive to the transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A; Ano1) inhibitor Ani9 and that the outward Cl- rectification was preserved even at a very high intracellular Ca2+ concentration (2 mM), indicating that TMEM16B (Ano2) did not contribute to the total current. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the presence of ClC-1 channels in the striatum mainly localized to the somata of striatal neurons. Finally, we found that 9-AC decreased action potential firing frequencies and increased excitability in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) receptors in the brain slices, respectively. We conclude that ClC-1-like channels are preferentially located at the somata of MSNs, are functional, and can modulate neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Yarotskyy
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arianna R. S. Lark
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sara R. Nass
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael G. Marone
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - A. Rory McQuiston
- 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,3Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,3Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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26
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Bie B, Wu J, Lin F, Naguib M, Xu J. Suppression of hippocampal GABAergic transmission impairs memory in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174771. [PMID: 35041847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates the potential involvement of hippocampal GABAergic transmission in the process of memory acquisition and consolidation, while no consistent report is available to address the adaptation of hippocampal GABAergic transmission and its contribution to memory deficiency in the setting of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule that regulates GABAergic transmission. In the brain, mature BDNF is generated from the proteolytic cleavage of proBDNF, while BDNF and proBDNF have differential effects on central GABAergic transmission. First, the present study reports a remarkable increase of proBDNF/BNDF ratio in the hippocampal CA1 area in rodent models of AD, indicating a potential impaired process of BDNF maturation from proBDNF cleavage. We report a suppressed hippocampal GABAergic strength, potentially resulting from the reduced expression of anion chloride co-transporter KCC2 and subsequent positive shift of GABAergic Cl-equilibrium potential (ECl-), which is attenuated by microinjection of BDNF with proBDNF inhibitor TAT-Pep5. We also show that normalization of proBDNF/BDNF signaling or GABAergic ECl-by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of bumetanide remarkably improves the cognitive performance in Morris water maze test and fear conditioning test in rodent models of AD. These results demonstrate a critical role of hippocampal proBDNF/BDNF in regulating GABAergic transmission and contributing to memory dysfunction in rodent models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Bie
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed Naguib
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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27
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Lodovichi C, Ratto GM, Trevelyan AJ, Arosio D. Genetically encoded sensors for Chloride concentration. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 368:109455. [PMID: 34952088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insights into chloride regulation in neurons have come slowly, but they are likely to be critical for our understanding of how the brain works. The reason is that the intracellular Cl- level ([Cl-]i) is the key determinant of synaptic inhibitory function, and this in turn dictates all manner of neuronal network function. The true impact on the network will only be apparent, however, if Cl- is measured at many locations at once (multiple neurons, and also across the subcellular compartments of single neurons), which realistically, can only be achieved using imaging. The development of genetically-encoded anion biosensors (GABs) brings the additional benefit that Cl- imaging may be done in identified cell-classes and hopefully in subcellular compartments. Here, we describe the historical background and motivation behind the development of these sensors and how they have been used so far. There are, however, still major limitations for their use, the most important being the fact that all GABs are sensitive to both pH and Cl-. Disambiguating the two signals has proved a major challenge, but there are potential solutions; notable among these is ClopHensor, which has now been developed for in vivo measurements of both ion species. We also speculate on how these biosensors may yet be improved, and how this could advance our understanding of Cl- regulation and its impact on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lodovichi
- Neuroscience Institute-CNR, Depart. Biomedical Sciences, Unipd, Padova, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gian Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biofisica, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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28
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Serranilla M, Woodin MA. Striatal Chloride Dysregulation and Impaired GABAergic Signaling Due to Cation-Chloride Cotransporter Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:817013. [PMID: 35095429 PMCID: PMC8795088 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.817013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular chloride (Cl–) levels in mature neurons must be tightly regulated for the maintenance of fast synaptic inhibition. In the mature central nervous system (CNS), synaptic inhibition is primarily mediated by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), which binds to Cl– permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs). The intracellular Cl– concentration is primarily maintained by the antagonistic actions of two cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs): Cl–-importing Na+-K+-Cl– co-transporter-1 (NKCC1) and Cl– -exporting K+-Cl– co-transporter-2 (KCC2). In mature neurons in the healthy brain, KCC2 expression is higher than NKCC1, leading to lower levels of intracellular Cl–, and Cl– influx upon GABAAR activation. However, in neurons of the immature brain or in neurological disorders such as epilepsy and traumatic brain injury, impaired KCC2 function and/or enhanced NKCC1 expression lead to intracellular Cl– accumulation and GABA-mediated excitation. In Huntington’s disease (HD), KCC2- and NKCC1-mediated Cl–-regulation are also altered, which leads to GABA-mediated excitation and contributes to the development of cognitive and motor impairments. This review summarizes the role of Cl– (dys)regulation in the healthy and HD brain, with a focus on the basal ganglia (BG) circuitry and CCCs as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HD.
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29
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Pérez-Sisqués L, Solana-Balaguer J, Campoy-Campos G, Martín-Flores N, Sancho-Balsells A, Vives-Isern M, Soler-Palazón F, Garcia-Forn M, Masana M, Alberch J, Pérez-Navarro E, Giralt A, Malagelada C. RTP801/REDD1 Is Involved in Neuroinflammation and Modulates Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 12:34. [PMID: 35053183 PMCID: PMC8773874 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
RTP801/REDD1 is a stress-regulated protein whose levels are increased in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases (HD). RTP801 downregulation ameliorates behavioral abnormalities in several mouse models of these disorders. In HD, RTP801 mediates mutant huntingtin (mhtt) toxicity in in vitro models and its levels are increased in human iPSCs, human postmortem putamen samples, and in striatal synaptosomes from mouse models of the disease. Here, we investigated the role of RTP801 in the hippocampal pathophysiology of HD. We found that RTP801 levels are increased in the hippocampus of HD patients in correlation with gliosis markers. Although RTP801 expression is not altered in the hippocampus of the R6/1 mouse model of HD, neuronal RTP801 silencing in the dorsal hippocampus with shRNA containing AAV particles ameliorates cognitive alterations. This recovery is associated with a partial rescue of synaptic markers and with a reduction in inflammatory events, especially microgliosis. Altogether, our results indicate that RTP801 could be a marker of hippocampal neuroinflammation in HD patients and a promising therapeutic target of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Sisqués
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Júlia Solana-Balaguer
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Genís Campoy-Campos
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Núria Martín-Flores
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Vives-Isern
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Ferran Soler-Palazón
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
| | - Marta Garcia-Forn
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-S.); (J.S.-B.); (G.C.-C.); (N.M.-F.); (A.S.-B.); (M.V.-I.); (F.S.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.P.-N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Löscher W, Kaila K. CNS pharmacology of NKCC1 inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108910. [PMID: 34883135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride regulation and consequent effects on GABAergic signaling have been implicated in numerous CNS disorders. While KCC2 modulators are not yet clinically available, the loop diuretic bumetanide has been used off-label in attempts to treat brain disorders and as a tool for NKCC1 inhibition in preclinical models. Bumetanide is known to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects under some pathophysiological conditions. However, as shown in several species from neonates to adults (mice, rats, dogs, and by extrapolation in humans), at the low clinical doses of bumetanide approved for diuresis, this drug has negligible access into the CNS, reaching levels that are much lower than what is needed to inhibit NKCC1 in cells within the brain parenchyma. Several drug discovery strategies have been initiated over the last ∼15 years to develop brain-permeant compounds that, ideally, should be selective for NKCC1 to eliminate the diuresis mediated by inhibition of renal NKCC2. The strategies employed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of NKCC1 blockers include evaluation of other clinically approved loop diuretics; development of lipophilic prodrugs of bumetanide; development of side-chain derivatives of bumetanide; and unbiased high-throughput screening approaches of drug discovery based on large chemical compound libraries. The main outcomes are that (1), non-acidic loop diuretics such as azosemide and torasemide may have advantages as NKCC1 inhibitors vs. bumetanide; (2), bumetanide prodrugs lead to significantly higher brain levels than the parent drug and have lower diuretic activity; (3), the novel bumetanide side-chain derivatives do not exhibit any functionally relevant improvement of CNS accessibility or NKCC1 selectivity vs. bumetanide; (4) novel compounds discovered by high-throughput screening may resolve some of the inherent problems of bumetanide, but as yet this has not been achieved. Thus, further research is needed to optimize the design of brain-permeant NKCC1 inhibitors. In parallel, a major challenge is to identify the mechanisms whereby various NKCC1-expressing cellular targets of these drugs within (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes) and outside the brain parenchyma (e.g., the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and the endocrine system), as well as molecular off-target effects, might contribute to their reported therapeutic and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Lim WM, Chin EWM, Tang BL, Chen T, Goh ELK. WNK3 Maintains the GABAergic Inhibitory Tone, Synaptic Excitation and Neuronal Excitability via Regulation of KCC2 Cotransporter in Mature Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:762142. [PMID: 34858138 PMCID: PMC8631424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.762142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of chloride (Cl−)permeable gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA) receptors induces synaptic inhibition in mature and excitation in immature neurons. This developmental “switch” in GABA function controlled by its polarity depends on the postnatal decrease in intraneuronal Cl− concentration mediated by KCC2, a member of cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs). The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (With No Lysine [K]), is a potent regulator of all CCCs and is expressed in neurons. Here, we characterized the functions of WNK3 and its role in GABAergic signaling in cultured embryonic day 18 (E18) hippocampal neurons. We observed a decrease in WNK3 expression as neurons mature. Knocking down of WNK3 significantly hyperpolarized EGABA in mature neurons (DIV13–15) but had no effect on immature neurons (DIV6–8). This hyperpolarized EGABA in WNK3-deficient neurons was not due to the total expression of NKCC1 and KCC2, that remained unchanged. However, there was a reduction in phosphorylated KCC2 at the membrane, suggesting an increase in KCC2 chloride export activity. Furthermore, hyperpolarized EGABA observed in WNK3-deficient neurons can be reversed by the KCC2 inhibitor, VU024055, thus indicating that WNK3 acts through KCC2 to influence EGABA. Notably, WNK3 knockdown resulted in morphological changes in mature but not immature neurons. Electrophysiological characterization of WNK3-deficient mature neurons revealed reduced capacitances but increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic excitation. Hence, our study demonstrates that WNK3 maintains the “adult” GABAergic inhibitory tone in neurons and plays a role in the morphological development of neurons and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Meng Lim
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice W M Chin
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Savardi A, Borgogno M, De Vivo M, Cancedda L. Pharmacological tools to target NKCC1 in brain disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:1009-1034. [PMID: 34620512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2 are key regulators of neuronal chloride concentration. A defective NKCC1/KCC2 expression ratio is associated with several brain disorders. Preclinical/clinical studies have shown that NKCC1 inhibition by the United States FDA-approved diuretic bumetanide is a potential therapeutic strategy in preclinical/clinical studies of multiple neurological conditions. However, bumetanide has poor brain penetration and causes unwanted diuresis by inhibiting NKCC2 in the kidney. To overcome these issues, a growing number of studies have reported more brain-penetrating and/or selective bumetanide prodrugs, analogs, and new molecular entities. Here, we review the evidence for NKCC1 pharmacological inhibition as an effective strategy to manage neurological disorders. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of bumetanide repurposing and the benefits and risks of new NKCC1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Savardi
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy; Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Borgogno
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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33
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Portioli C, Ruiz Munevar MJ, De Vivo M, Cancedda L. Cation-coupled chloride cotransporters: chemical insights and disease implications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:832-849. [PMID: 34604727 PMCID: PMC8461084 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cation-coupled chloride cotransporters (CCCs) modulate the transport of sodium and/or potassium cations coupled with chloride anions across the cell membrane. CCCs thus help regulate intracellular ionic concentration and consequent cell volume homeostasis. This has been largely exploited in the past to develop diuretic drugs that act on CCCs expressed in the kidney. However, a growing wealth of evidence has demonstrated that CCCs are also critically involved in a great variety of other pathologies, motivating most recent drug discovery programs targeting CCCs. Here, we examine the structure–function relationship of CCCs. By linking recent high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data with older biochemical/functional studies on CCCs, we discuss the mechanistic insights and opportunities to design selective CCC modulators to treat diverse pathologies. The structural topology and function of all cation-coupled chloride cotransporters (CCCs) have been continuously investigated over the past 40 years, with great progress also thanks to the recent cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) resolution of the structures of five CCCs. In particular, such studies have clarified the structure–function relationship for the Na-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and K-Cl cotransporters KCC1–4. The constantly growing evidence of the crucial involvement of CCCs in physiological and various pathological conditions, as well as the evidence of their wide expression in diverse body tissues, has promoted CCCs as targets for the discovery and development of new, safer, and more selective/effective drugs for a plethora of pathologies. Post-translational modification anchor points on the structure of CCCs may offer alternative strategies for small molecule drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Portioli
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, IIT, Via Morego, 30 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, IIT, Via Morego, 30 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Via Varese 16b, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Yang X, Chu SF, Wang ZZ, Li FF, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts neuroprotective effects in 3-nitropronpionic acid-induced mouse model of Huntington's disease via suppressing MAPKs and NF-κB pathways in the striatum. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1409-1421. [PMID: 33214696 PMCID: PMC8379213 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of main neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by striatal atrophy, involuntary movements, and motor incoordination. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), an active ingredient in ginseng, possesses a variety of neuroprotective effects with low toxicity and side effects. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of Rg1 in a mouse model of HD and explored the underlying mechanisms. HD was induced in mice by injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP, i.p.) for 4 days. From the first day of 3-NP injection, the mice were administered Rg1 (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1, p.o.) for 5 days. We showed that oral pretreatment with Rg1 alleviated 3-NP-induced body weight loss and behavioral defects. Furthermore, pretreatment with Rg1 ameliorated 3-NP-induced neuronal loss and ultrastructural morphological damage in the striatum. Moreover, pretreatment with Rg1 reduced 3-NP-induced apoptosis and inhibited the activation of microglia, inflammatory mediators in the striatum. We revealed that Rg1 exerted neuroprotective effects by suppressing 3-NP-induced activation of the MAPKs and NF-κΒ signaling pathways in the striatum. Thus, our results suggest that Rg1 exerts therapeutic effects on 3-NP-induced HD mouse model via suppressing MAPKs and NF-κΒ signaling pathways. Rg1 may be served as a novel therapeutic option for HD.
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Bensalel J, Xu H, Lu ML, Capobianco E, Wei J. RNA-seq analysis reveals significant transcriptome changes in huntingtin-null human neuroblastoma cells. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34215255 PMCID: PMC8252266 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntingtin (Htt) protein is the product of the gene mutated in Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder. Normal Htt is essential for early embryogenesis and the development of the central nervous system. However, the role of Htt in adult tissues is less defined. Following the recent promising clinical trial in which both normal and mutant Htt mRNA were knocked down in HD patients, there is an urgent need to fully understand the molecular consequences of knocking out/down Htt in adult tissues. Htt has been identified as an important transcriptional regulator. Unbiased investigations of transcriptome changes with RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) have been done in multiple cell types in HD, further confirming that transcriptional dysregulation is a central pathogenic mechanism in HD. However, there is lack of direct understanding of the transcriptional regulation by normal Htt. METHODS To investigate the transcriptional role of normal Htt, we first knocked out Htt in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line using the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) gene editing approach. We then performed RNA-seq analysis on Htt-null and wild type SH-SY5Y cells to probe the global transcriptome changes induced by Htt deletion. RESULTS In general, Htt has a widespread effect on gene transcription. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using various bioinformatic tools revealed irregularities in pathways related to cell communication and signaling, and more specifically those related to neuron development, neurotransmission and synaptic signaling. We further examined the transcription factors that may regulate these DEGs. Consistent with the disrupted pathways associated with cellular development, we showed that Htt-null cells exhibited slower cell proliferation than wild type cells. We finally validated some of the top DEGS with quantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The widespread transcriptome changes in Htt-null cells could be directly caused by the loss of Htt-mediated transcriptional regulation or due to the secondary consequences of disruption in the gene regulatory network. Our study therefore provides valuable information about key genes associated with Htt-mediated transcription and improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular functions of normal and mutant Htt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bensalel
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Michael L Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Institute of Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Jianning Wei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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36
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Parrini M, Naskar S, Alberti M, Colombi I, Morelli G, Rocchi A, Nanni M, Piccardi F, Charles S, Ronzitti G, Mingozzi F, Contestabile A, Cancedda L. Restoring neuronal chloride homeostasis with anti-NKCC1 gene therapy rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3072-3092. [PMID: 34058387 PMCID: PMC8531145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A common feature of diverse brain disorders is the alteration of GABA-mediated inhibition because of aberrant, intracellular chloride homeostasis induced by changes in the expression and/or function of chloride transporters. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the chloride importer NKCC1 is able to rescue brain-related core deficits in animal models of these pathologies and in some human clinical studies. Here, we show that reducing NKCC1 expression by RNA interference in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) restores intracellular chloride concentration, efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, and neuronal network dynamics in vitro and ex vivo. Importantly, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated, neuron-specific NKCC1 knockdown in vivo rescues cognitive deficits in diverse behavioral tasks in Ts65Dn animals. Our results highlight a mechanistic link between NKCC1 expression and behavioral abnormalities in DS mice and establish a molecular target for new therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, to treat brain disorders characterized by neuronal chloride imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Parrini
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Shovan Naskar
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Micol Alberti
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colombi
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morelli
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Nanni
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Piccardi
- Animal Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Severine Charles
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Andrea Contestabile
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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37
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Neuronal Network Excitability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Puzzle of Similar versus Divergent Roles of Amyloid β and Tau. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0418-20.2020. [PMID: 33741601 PMCID: PMC8174042 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0418-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder that commonly causes dementia in the elderly. Recent evidence indicates that network abnormalities, including hypersynchrony, altered oscillatory rhythmic activity, interneuron dysfunction, and synaptic depression, may be key mediators of cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we discuss characteristics of neuronal network excitability in AD, and the role of Aβ and tau in the induction of network hyperexcitability. Many patients harboring genetic mutations that lead to increased Aβ production suffer from seizures and epilepsy before the development of plaques. Similarly, pathologic accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau has been associated with hyperexcitability in the hippocampus. We present common and divergent roles of tau and Aβ on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD, and hypotheses that could serve as a template for future experiments.
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38
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Pizzamiglio L, Focchi E, Cambria C, Ponzoni L, Ferrara S, Bifari F, Desiato G, Landsberger N, Murru L, Passafaro M, Sala M, Matteoli M, Menna E, Antonucci F. The DNA repair protein ATM as a target in autism spectrum disorder. JCI Insight 2021; 6:133654. [PMID: 33373327 PMCID: PMC7934840 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the GABAergic system has been reported in epilepsy, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. We recently demonstrated that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) directly shapes the development of the GABAergic system. Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge how the abnormal expression of ATM affects the pathological condition of autism. We exploited 2 different animal models of autism, the methyl CpG binding protein 2-null (Mecp2y/-) mouse model of Rett syndrome and mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid, and found increased ATM levels. Accordingly, treatment with the specific ATM kinase inhibitor KU55933 (KU) normalized molecular, functional, and behavioral defects in these mouse models, such as (a) delayed GABAergic development, (b) hippocampal hyperexcitability, (c) low cognitive performances, and (d) social impairments. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that KU administration to WT hippocampal neurons leads to (a) higher early growth response 4 activity on Kcc2b promoter, (b) increased expression of Mecp2, and (c) potentiated GABA transmission. These results provide evidence and molecular substrates for the pharmacological development of ATM inhibition in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Focchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Cambria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Ferrara
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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39
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Barbour AJ, Nass SR, Hahn YK, Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Restoration of KCC2 Membrane Localization in Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptor-Expressing Medium Spiny Neurons Rescues Locomotor Deficits in HIV Tat-Transgenic Mice. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211022089. [PMID: 34445881 PMCID: PMC8404672 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211022089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
People infected with HIV (PWH) are highly susceptible to striatal and hippocampal damage. Motor and memory impairments are common among these patients, likely as behavioral manifestations of damage to these brain regions. GABAergic dysfunction from HIV infection and viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription (Tat) have been well documented. We recently demonstrated that the neuron specific Cl- extruder, K+ Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), is diminished after exposure to HIV proteins, including Tat, resulting in disrupted GABAAR-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition. Here, we utilized doxycycline (DOX)-inducible, GFAP-driven HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice to further explore this phenomenon. After two weeks of Tat expression, we found no changes in hippocampal KCC2 levels, but a significant decrease in the striatum that was associated with hyperlocomotion in the open field assay. We were able to restore KCC2 activity and baseline locomotion with the KCC2 enhancer, CLP290. Additionally, we found that CLP290, whose mechanism of action has yet to be described, acts to restore phosphorylation of serine 940 resulting in increased KCC2 membrane localization. We also examined neuronal subpopulation contributions to the noted effects and found significant differences. Dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were selectively vulnerable to Tat-induced KCC2 loss, with no changes observed in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing MSNs. These results suggest that disinhibition/diminished hyperpolarization of dopamine D2 receptor-expressing MSNs can manifest as increased locomotion in this context. They further suggest that KCC2 activity might be a therapeutic target to alleviate motor disturbances related to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Barbour
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Sara R. Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Andrews K, Josiah SS, Zhang J. The Therapeutic Potential of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 in Huntington's Disease and Its Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9142. [PMID: 33266310 PMCID: PMC7730145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular chloride levels in the brain are regulated primarily through the opposing effects of two cation-chloride co-transporters (CCCs), namely K+-Cl- co-transporter-2 (KCC2) and Na+-K+-Cl- co-transporter-1 (NKCC1). These CCCs are differentially expressed throughout the course of development, thereby determining the excitatory-to-inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) switch. GABAergic excitation (depolarisation) is important in controlling the healthy development of the nervous system; as the brain matures, GABAergic inhibition (hyperpolarisation) prevails. This developmental switch in excitability is important, as uncontrolled regulation of neuronal excitability can have implications for health. Huntington's disease (HD) is an example of a genetic disorder whereby the expression levels of KCC2 are abnormal due to mutant protein interactions. Although HD is primarily considered a motor disease, many other clinical manifestations exist; these often present in advance of any movement abnormalities. Cognitive change, in addition to sleep disorders, is prevalent in the HD population; the effect of uncontrolled KCC2 function on cognition and sleep has also been explored. Several mechanisms by which KCC2 expression is reduced have been proposed recently, thereby suggesting extensive investigation of KCC2 as a possible therapeutic target for the development of pharmacological compounds that can effectively treat HD co-morbidities. Hence, this review summarizes the role of KCC2 in the healthy and HD brain, and highlights recent advances that attest to KCC2 as a strong research and therapeutic target candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK; (K.A.); (S.S.J.)
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Cepeda C, Levine MS. Synaptic Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: Lessons from Genetic Animal Models. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:20-40. [PMID: 33198566 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420972662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the functional and structural changes occurring in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in Huntington's disease (HD) has benefited considerably from the generation of genetic animal models. Most studies of synaptic alterations in HD models have focused on the striatum, but a more complete picture of synaptic dysfunction in the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical loop is emerging. Here, we provide a review and analysis of current developments in the study of synaptic alterations in these areas using HD rodent models. Recent evidence indicates that cortical maldevelopment plays a role in synaptic dysfunction along the corticostriatal pathway that may have its roots in the way mutant huntingtin interacts with synaptic proteins. Furthermore, a progressive disconnection in the corticostriatal pathway leads to abnormal function engaging extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors that contribute to eventual cell degeneration. In addition, biphasic increases followed by decreases in glutamate and dopamine release in the striatum could explain contrasting symptomatology in early and late stages of the disease. Changes in striatal output regions also are beginning to be examined. Finally, we highlight some therapeutic avenues aimed at rescuing synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cepeda
- IDDRC, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- IDDRC, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Prenatal Cold Stress Offspring Rats by 16S rRNA Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091619. [PMID: 32927774 PMCID: PMC7552136 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prenatal stress, including prenatal cold stress has long-term effects on offspring’s physical and mental health. Our previous study showed a reduction of anxiety-like behavior in offspring rats suffered from prenatal cold stress. It is well-known that gut microbiota was involved in a variety of physiological activities, such as emotion, cognition, and behavior. However, information on the comparison between prenatal cold stress and gut microbiota in offspring is limited. The current study compared the gut microbiota composition of the prenatal cold stress and non-stress offspring rats. Cold stressed during gestation period showed to change the offspring gut microbiota composition, and Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were significantly increased in prenatal cold stress offspring rat guts. With the hope, cold stress-induced negative effects of animals can be prevented by microbiological interventions. Abstract Our previous study showed a reduction of anxiety-like behavior in offspring rats suffered from prenatal cold stress; whether this was related to changes in the offspring gut microbiota is unclear. To obtain the evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in prenatal cold stress offspring, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used. Male and female offspring rat feces were collected from a room temperature group and a prenatal cold stress group (n ≥ 8) for microbial DNA extraction, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that prenatal cold stress could change the offspring’s gut microbiota composition. Prenatal cold stress significantly upregulates Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus_gasseri, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides-acidifaciens in female offspring, whereas prenatal cold stress significantly reduced Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae in male offspring. These data showed the characterization of gut microbiota in prenatal cold stress offspring rats, and these data suggest that microbiological intervention in the future can potentially prevent the negative effects caused by cold stress to animals.
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Barbour AJ, Hauser KF, McQuiston AR, Knapp PE. HIV and opiates dysregulate K +- Cl - cotransporter 2 (KCC2) to cause GABAergic dysfunction in primary human neurons and Tat-transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104878. [PMID: 32344154 PMCID: PMC7685173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of people infected with HIV (PWH) exhibit HIV-associated neuropathology (neuroHIV), even when receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Opiate use is widespread in PWH and exacerbates neuroHIV. While neurons themselves are not infected, they incur sublethal damage and GABAergic disruption is selectively vulnerable to viral and inflammatory factors released by infected/affected glia. Here, we demonstrate diminished K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) levels in primary human neurons after exposure to HIV-1 or HIV-1 proteins ± morphine. Resulting disruption of GABAAR-mediated hyperpolarization/inhibition was shown using genetically-encoded voltage (Archon1) and calcium (GCaMP6f) indicators. The HIV proteins Tat (acting through NMDA receptors) and R5-gp120 (acting via CCR5) but not X4-tropic gp120 (acting via CXCR4), and morphine (acting through μ-opioid receptors) all induced KCC2 loss. We demonstrate that modifying KCC2 levels or function, or antagonizing NMDAR, CCR5 or MOR rescues KCC2 and GABAAR-mediated hyperpolarization/inhibition in HIV, Tat, or gp120 ± morphine-exposed neurons. Using an inducible, Tat-transgenic mouse neuroHIV model, we found that chronic exposure to Tat also reduces KCC2. Our results identify KCC2 as a novel therapeutic target for ameliorating the pathobiology of neuroHIV, including PWH exposed to opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Barbour
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - A Rory McQuiston
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Ayka A, Şehirli AÖ. The Role of the SLC Transporters Protein in the Neurodegenerative Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:174-187. [PMID: 32329299 PMCID: PMC7236796 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily is one of the major sub-groups of membrane proteins in mammalian cells. The solute carrier proteins include more than 400 different membrane-spanning solute carriers organized with 65 families in the human. In solute carrier family neurons, neurotransmitter is considered to be a pharmacological target of neuropsychiatric drugs because of their important role in the recovery of neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline and regulation of their concentration in synaptic regions. Therefore, solute carrier transporters play vital and different roles in neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, the role of solute carrier transporters in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, Parkinson’s diseases, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, schizophrenia, and Epilepsy reviewed and discussed to see how defects or absences in SLC transporter cause neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we try to summarize what is known about solute carriers with respect to brain distribution and expression. The review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of solute carrier transporters in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Moslemi M, Khodagholi F, Asadi S, Rafiei S, Motamedi F. Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112354. [PMID: 31733312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory impairment manifests years before the onset of motor impairments in Huntington's disease (HD). Oxytocin (OXT), as a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide has a key role in both learning and memory. Hence, we investigated possible protective effect of OXT on instrumental fear conditioning memory impairment by 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD, considering sex and prenatal stress effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to restraint stress for 45 min three times a day, from the gestational day 8 to parturition. 3-NP was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) for 5-7 days after OXT (10 μg/μl. icv) injection in the male and female offspring rats respectively. One day after the last 3-NP injection, the rotarod and passive avoidance task were conducted. As the key molecular determinants in metabolism and memory processes, we measured the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the amount of receptor interacting protein3 (RIP3) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala using spectrophotometry and western blotting respectively. Besides, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was measured (GDH) as a chain between metabolism and memory formation. The results indicated that OXT improved learning and memory impairment caused by 3-NP or prenatal stress in both sexes. It was along with a significant decrease in the level of RIP3, AChE and GDH activities. However, in the presence of prenatal stress, the OXT could improve 3-NP induced learning and memory impairments just in female rats. So it could be suggested as an effective neurotherapeutic agent in diseases such as HD, but its sex and context dependency should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moslemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zajac M, Chakraborty K, Saha S, Mahadevan V, Infield DT, Accardi A, Qiu Z, Krishnan Y. What biologists want from their chloride reporters – a conversation between chemists and biologists. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs240390. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Impaired chloride transport affects diverse processes ranging from neuron excitability to water secretion, which underlie epilepsy and cystic fibrosis, respectively. The ability to image chloride fluxes with fluorescent probes has been essential for the investigation of the roles of chloride channels and transporters in health and disease. Therefore, developing effective fluorescent chloride reporters is critical to characterizing chloride transporters and discovering new ones. However, each chloride channel or transporter has a unique functional context that demands a suite of chloride probes with appropriate sensing characteristics. This Review seeks to juxtapose the biology of chloride transport with the chemistries underlying chloride sensors by exploring the various biological roles of chloride and highlighting the insights delivered by studies using chloride reporters. We then delineate the evolution of small-molecule sensors and genetically encoded chloride reporters. Finally, we analyze discussions with chloride biologists to identify the advantages and limitations of sensors in each biological context, as well as to recognize the key design challenges that must be overcome for developing the next generation of chloride sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kasturi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sonali Saha
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivek Mahadevan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Daniel T. Infield
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alessio Accardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Tang BL. The Expanding Therapeutic Potential of Neuronal KCC2. Cells 2020; 9:E240. [PMID: 31963584 PMCID: PMC7016893 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in GABAergic inhibitory neural transmission occur in neuronal injuries and neurological disorders. The potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2, SLC12A5) is a key modulator of inhibitory GABAergic inputs in healthy adult neurons, as its chloride (Cl-) extruding activity underlies the hyperpolarizing reversal potential for GABAA receptor Cl- currents (EGABA). Manipulation of KCC2 levels or activity improve symptoms associated with epilepsy and neuropathy. Recent works have now indicated that pharmacological enhancement of KCC2 function could reactivate dormant relay circuits in an injured mouse's spinal cord, leading to functional recovery and the attenuation of neuronal abnormality and disease phenotype associated with a mouse model of Rett syndrome (RTT). KCC2 interacts with Huntingtin and is downregulated in Huntington's disease (HD), which contributed to GABAergic excitation and memory deficits in the R6/2 mouse HD model. Here, these recent advances are highlighted, which attest to KCC2's growing potential as a therapeutic target for neuropathological conditions resulting from dysfunctional inhibitory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; ; Tel.: +65-6516-1040
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Pisella LI, Gaiarsa JL, Diabira D, Zhang J, Khalilov I, Duan J, Kahle KT, Medina I. Impaired regulation of KCC2 phosphorylation leads to neuronal network dysfunction and neurodevelopmental pathology. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaay0300. [PMID: 31615899 PMCID: PMC7192243 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
KCC2 is a vital neuronal K+/Cl- cotransporter that is implicated in the etiology of numerous neurological diseases. In normal cells, KCC2 undergoes developmental dephosphorylation at Thr906 and Thr1007 We engineered mice with heterozygous phosphomimetic mutations T906E and T1007E (KCC2E/+ ) to prevent the normal developmental dephosphorylation of these sites. Immature (postnatal day 15) but not juvenile (postnatal day 30) KCC2E/+ mice exhibited altered GABAergic inhibition, an increased glutamate/GABA synaptic ratio, and greater susceptibility to seizure. KCC2E/+ mice also had abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations at postnatal days 10 to 12 and impaired social behavior at postnatal day 60. Postnatal bumetanide treatment restored network activity by postnatal day 15 but failed to restore social behavior by postnatal day 60. Our data indicate that posttranslational KCC2 regulation controls the GABAergic developmental sequence in vivo, indicating that deregulation of KCC2 could be a risk factor for the emergence of neurological pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie I Pisella
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
| | - Diabé Diabira
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Ilgam Khalilov
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - JingJing Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France.
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Ramani M, Miller K, Brown J, Kumar R, Kadasamy J, McMahon L, Ballinger S, Ambalavanan N. Early Life Supraphysiological Levels of Oxygen Exposure Permanently Impairs Hippocampal Mitochondrial Function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13364. [PMID: 31527593 PMCID: PMC6746707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants requiring prolonged oxygen therapy often develop cognitive dysfunction in later life. Previously, we reported that 14-week-old young adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as newborns had spatial and learning deficits and hippocampal shrinkage. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanism was the induction of hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by neonatal hyperoxia. C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to 85% oxygen or room air from P2-P14. Hippocampal proteomic analysis was performed in young adult mice (14 weeks). Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured in neonatal (P14) and young adult mice. We found that hyperoxia exposure reduced mitochondrial ATP-linked oxygen consumption and increased state 4 respiration linked proton leak in both neonatal and young adult mice while complex I function was decreased at P14 but increased in young adult mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that hyperoxia exposure decreased complex I NDUFB8 and NDUFB11 and complex IV 7B subunits, but increased complex III subunit 9 in young adult mice. In conclusion, neonatal hyperoxia permanently impairs hippocampal mitochondrial function and alters complex I function. These hippocampal mitochondrial changes may account for cognitive deficits seen in children and adolescents born preterm and may potentially be a contributing mechanism in other oxidative stress associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manimaran Ramani
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Kiara Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jamelle Brown
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Departments of Bioinformatics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jegen Kadasamy
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lori McMahon
- Departments of cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Departments of cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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FGF2 and dual agonist of NCAM and FGF receptor 1, Enreptin, rescue neurite outgrowth loss in hippocampal neurons expressing mutated huntingtin proteins. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1493-1500. [PMID: 31501979 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed an in vitro model of Huntington disease (HD) by transfecting primary rat hippocampal neurons with plasmids coding for m-htt exon 1 with different number of CAG repeats (18, 50 and 115) and demonstrated the influence of the length of polyQ sequence on neurite elongation. We found that exogenously applied FGF2 significantly rescued the m-htt-induced loss of neurite outgrowth. Moreover, the Enreptin peptide, an FGFR1 and NCAM dual agonist, had a similar neuritogenic effect to FGF2 in clinically relevant m-htt 50Q-expressing neurons. This study has developed an in vitro model of primary hippocampal neurons transfected with m-htt-coding vectors that is a powerful tool to study m-htt-related effects on neuronal placticity.
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