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Morys F, Tremblay C, Rahayel S, Hansen JY, Dai A, Misic B, Dagher A. Neural correlates of obesity across the lifespan. Commun Biol 2024; 7:656. [PMID: 38806652 PMCID: PMC11133431 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between brain and obesity are bidirectional: changes in brain structure and function underpin over-eating, while chronic adiposity leads to brain atrophy. Investigating brain-obesity interactions across the lifespan can help better understand these relationships. This study explores the interaction between obesity and cortical morphometry in children, young adults, adults, and older adults. We also investigate the genetic, neurochemical, and cognitive correlates of the brain-obesity associations. Our findings reveal a pattern of lower cortical thickness in fronto-temporal brain regions associated with obesity across all age cohorts and varying age-dependent patterns in the remaining brain regions. In adults and older adults, obesity correlates with neurochemical changes and expression of inflammatory and mitochondrial genes. In children and older adults, adiposity is associated with modifications in brain regions involved in emotional and attentional processes. Thus, obesity might originate from cognitive changes during early adolescence, leading to neurodegeneration in later life through mitochondrial and inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Christina Tremblay
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady Rahayel
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alyssa Dai
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Mahlberg J, Giddens E, Tiego J, Bellgrove M, Fornito A, Verdejo-Garcia A. Common genetic factors for uncontrolled eating mechanisms. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1224-1233. [PMID: 38425083 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward-based eating drives are putative mechanisms of uncontrolled eating implicated in obesity and disordered eating (e.g., binge eating). Uncovering the genetic and environmental contributions to reward-related eating, and their genetic correlation with BMI, could shed light on key mechanisms underlying eating and weight-related disorders. METHOD We conducted a classical twin study to examine how much variance in uncontrolled eating phenotypes and body mass index (BMI) was explained by genetic factors, and the extent that these phenotypes shared common genetic factors. 353 monozygotic twins and 128 dizygotic twins completed the Reward-based Eating Drive 13 scale, which measures three distinct uncontrolled eating phenotypes (loss of control over eating, preoccupation with thoughts about food, and lack of satiety), and a demographic questionnaire which included height and weight for BMI calculation. We estimated additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) factors for each phenotype, as well as their genetic correlations, with a multivariate ACE model. A common pathway model also estimated whether genetic variance in the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was better explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor. RESULTS There were moderate genetic correlations between uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI (.26-.41). Variance from the uncontrolled eating phenotypes was also best explained by a common latent uncontrolled eating factor that was explained by additive genetic factors (52%). DISCUSSION These results suggest that uncontrolled eating phenotypes are heritable traits that also share genetic variance with BMI. This has implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underpin obesity and disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study clarifies the degree to which uncontrolled eating phenotypes and BMI are influenced by shared genetics and shows that vulnerability to uncontrolled eating traits is impacted by common genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mahlberg
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Giddens
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Janet R, Smallwood J, Hutcherson CA, Plassmann H, Mckeown B, Tusche A. Body mass index-dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314224121. [PMID: 38648482 PMCID: PMC11067012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Janet
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cendri A. Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E5, Canada
- Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, FontainebleauF-77300, France
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Paris75013, France
| | - Bronte Mckeown
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Lei C, Wu G, Cui Y, Xia H, Chen J, Zhan X, Lv Y, Li M, Zhang R, Zhu X. Development and validation of a cognitive dysfunction risk prediction model for the abdominal obesity population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1290286. [PMID: 38481441 PMCID: PMC10932956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1290286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was aimed to develop a nomogram that can accurately predict the likelihood of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with abdominal obesity by utilizing various predictor factors. Methods A total of 1490 cases of abdominal obesity were randomly selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2011-2014. The diagnostic criteria for abdominal obesity were as follows: waist size ≥ 102 cm for men and waist size ≥ 88 cm for women, and cognitive function was assessed by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Word Learning subtest, Delayed Word Recall Test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The cases were divided into two sets: a training set consisting of 1043 cases (70%) and a validation set consisting of 447 cases (30%). To create the model nomogram, multifactor logistic regression models were constructed based on the selected predictors identified through LASSO regression analysis. The model's performance was assessed using several metrics, including the consistency index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical benefit of the model. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sex, education level, 24-hour total fat intake, red blood cell folate concentration, depression, and moderate work activity were significant predictors of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with abdominal obesity (p < 0.05). These predictors were incorporated into the nomogram. The C-indices for the training and validation sets were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.875-0.842) and 0.805 (95% CI: 0.758-0.851), respectively. The corresponding AUC values were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.875-0.842) and 0.795 (95% CI: 0.753-0.847). The calibration curves demonstrated a satisfactory level of agreement between the nomogram model and the observed data. The DCA indicated that early intervention for at-risk populations would provide a net benefit, as indicated by the line graph. Conclusion Age, sex, education level, 24-hour total fat intake, red blood cell folate concentration, depression, and moderate work activity were identified as predictive factors for cognitive dysfunction in individuals with abdominal obesity. In conclusion, the nomogram model developed in this study can effectively predict the clinical risk of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lei
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gangjie Wu
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xia
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlan Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Nielsen DE, Adise S, Davis XS. Editorial: Unravelling complex biobehavioural contributors to obesity: omics, neural, and environmental considerations. Front Genet 2024; 15:1371642. [PMID: 38380427 PMCID: PMC10876997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1371642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daiva E. Nielsen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shana Adise
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xue Sun Davis
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Tolonen I, Saarinen A, Sebert S, Hintsanen M. Do compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adulthood body composition? Psychol Health 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38270065 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the associations of compassion and self-compassion with body composition, and whether adulthood compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition. The participants came from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study (n = 789, 52.1% women), with a mean age of 34.0 years. Compassion and self-compassion were measured with the Dispositional Positive Emotions Scale and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, respectively. Body composition was assessed using anthropometric and body fat measurements at a clinic. Childhood SEP included parental occupation, education, and employment. The results showed that high compassion was associated with three out of the five body composition measurements, namely lower waist circumference (B = -0.960, p = 0.039, 95% CI: -1.870; -0.498), body fat percentage (B = -0.693, p = 0.030, 95% CI: -1.317; -0.069), and fat mass index (B = -0.325, p = 0.023, 95% CI: -0.605; -0.044) (adjusted for sex, and childhood and adulthood SEP) but not with body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio. Self-compassion was not associated with body composition. Neither compassion nor self-compassion moderated the association between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition, as the interaction effects were not significant. Therefore, the dispositions did not protect against the negative effects of childhood SEP on adulthood body composition. High other-directed compassion may be, however, associated with healthier body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Tolonen
- Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Gerosa M, Canessa N, Morawetz C, Mattavelli G. Cognitive reappraisal of food craving and emotions: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsad077. [PMID: 38113382 PMCID: PMC10868133 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal in down-regulating food desire. Still, the neural bases of food craving down-regulation via reappraisal, as well as their degree of overlap vs specificity compared with emotion down-regulation, remain unclear. We addressed this gap through activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies on the neural bases of (i) food craving down-regulation and (ii) emotion down-regulation, alongside conjunction and subtraction analyses among the resulting maps. Exploratory meta-analyses on activations related to food viewing compared with active regulation and up-regulation of food craving have also been performed. Food and emotion down-regulation via reappraisal consistently engaged overlapping activations in dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, pre-supplementary motor and lateral posterior temporal cortices, mainly in the left hemisphere. Its distinctive association with the right anterior/posterior insula and left inferior frontal gyrus suggests that food craving down-regulation entails a more extensive integration of interoceptive information about bodily states and greater inhibitory control over the appetitive urge towards food compared with emotion down-regulation. This evidence is suggestive of unique interoceptive and motivational components elicited by food craving reappraisal, associated with distinctive patterns of fronto-insular activity. These results might inform theoretical models of food craving regulation and prompt novel therapeutic interventions for obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gerosa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Begum S, Hinton EC, Toumpakari Z, Frayling TM, Howe L, Johnson L, Lawrence N. Mediation and moderation of genetic risk of obesity through eating behaviours in two UK cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1926-1938. [PMID: 37410385 PMCID: PMC10749755 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI) remain unclear. METHODS We hypothesized that the relationship between BMI-genetic risk score (BMI-GRS) and BMI was mediated via disinhibition, emotional eating and hunger, and moderated by flexible (but not rigid) restraint within two UK cohorts: the Genetics of Appetite Study (GATE) (n = 2101, 2010-16) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n = 1679, 2014-18). Eating behaviour was measured by the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and Three-Factor Eating Questionaire-51. RESULTS The association between BMI-GRS and BMI were partially mediated by habitual, emotional and situational disinhibition in the GATE/ALSPAC meta-mediation [standardized betaindirect 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.06; 0.03, 0.01-0.04; 0.03, 0.01-0.04, respectively] external hunger and internal hunger in the GATE study (0.02, 0.01-0.03; 0.01, 0.001-0.02, respectively). There was evidence of mediation by emotional over/undereating and hunger in the ALSPAC study (0.02, 0.01-0.03; 0.01, 0.001-0.02; 0.01, 0.002-0.01, respectively). Rigid or flexible restraint did not moderate the direct association between BMI-GRS and BMI, but high flexible restraint moderated the effect of disinhibition subscales on BMI (reduction of the indirect mediation by -5% to -11% in GATE/ALSPAC) and external hunger (-5%) in GATE. High rigid restraint reduced the mediation via disinhibition subscales in GATE/ALSPAC (-4% to -11%) and external hunger (-3%) in GATE. CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to a higher BMI was partly explained by disinhibition and hunger in two large cohorts. Flexible/rigid restraint may play an important role in moderating the impact of predisposition to higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Begum
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eleanor C Hinton
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zoi Toumpakari
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Laura Howe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School/MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalia Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Kulisch LK, Arumäe K, Briley DA, Vainik U. Triangulating causality between childhood obesity and neurobehavior: Behavioral genetic and longitudinal evidence. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13392. [PMID: 36950909 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious health concern that is not yet fully understood. Previous research has linked obesity with neurobehavioral factors such as behavior, cognition, and brain morphology. The causal directions of these relationships remain mostly untested. We filled this gap by using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study cohort comprising 11,875 children aged 9-10. First, correlations between the age- and sex-specific 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) and neurobehavioral measures were cross-sectionally analyzed. Effects were then aggregated by neurobehavioral domain for causal analyses. Behavioral genetic Direction of Causation modeling was used to test the direction of each relationship. Findings were validated by longitudinal cross-lagged panel modeling. %BMIp95 correlated with impulsivity, motivation, psychopathology, eating behavior, and cognitive tests (executive functioning, language, memory, perception, working memory). Greater %BMIp95 was also associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal and temporal brain areas but with increased thickness in parietal and occipital areas. Similar although weaker patterns emerged for cortical surface area and volume. Behavioral genetic modeling suggested causal effects of %BMIp95 on eating behavior (β = 0.26), cognition (β = 0.05), cortical thickness (β = 0.15), and cortical surface area (β = 0.07). Personality/psychopathology (β = 0.09) and eating behavior (β = 0.16) appeared to influence %BMIp95. Longitudinal evidence broadly supported these findings. Results regarding cortical volume were inconsistent. Results supported causal effects of obesity on brain functioning and morphology. The present study highlights the importance of physical health for brain development and may inform interventions aimed at preventing or reducing pediatric obesity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A continuous measure related to obesity, %BMIp95, has correlations with various measures of brain functioning and structure Behavioral genetic and longitudinal modeling suggest causal links from personality, psychopathology, and eating behavior to %BMIp95 Results also indicate directional links from %BMIp95 to eating behavior, cognition, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area Obesity may play a role for healthy brain development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Konstantin Kulisch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Wilhem Wundt Institute for Pschology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Daniel A Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Xu H, Owens MM, MacKillop J. Neuroanatomical profile of BMI implicates impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2799-2808. [PMID: 37853988 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a disorder of excessive adiposity, typically assessed via the anthropometric density measure of BMI. Numerous studies have implicated BMI with differences in brain structure, but with highly inconsistent findings. METHODS Machine learning elastic net regression models with cross-validation were conducted to characterize a neuroanatomical morphometry profile associated with BMI in 1100 participants (22% BMI > 30, n = 242) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult project. RESULTS Using five-fold cross-validation, the multiregion neuroanatomical profile substantively predicted BMI (R2 = 10.05%), and this was robust in a held-out test set (R2 = 8.87%). In terms of specific regions, the neuroanatomical profile was enriched for nodes in the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. The relationship between the morphometry profile and BMI itself was partially mediated by impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings reveal a robust machine learning-derived neuroanatomical profile of BMI, one that comprises nodes in motivational brain networks and suggests the functional links to obesity are via self-regulatory capacity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Max M Owens
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3106. [PMID: 37513524 PMCID: PMC10383861 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the complex interactions among the neural, hormonal, and metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The key topics discussed include the role of organs, hormones, and neural circuits in maintaining metabolic balance. The review investigates the association between neuro-vulnerability and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and eating disorders, considering genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence neuro-vulnerability and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Neuroendocrine interactions and the neural regulation of food intake and energy expenditure are examined, with a focus on the impact of neuro-vulnerability on appetite dysregulation and altered energy expenditure. The role of neuroinflammation in metabolic health and neuro-vulnerability is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory processes. This review also evaluates the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying neuro-vulnerability and their potential applications in clinical settings. Furthermore, the association between neuro-vulnerability and eating disorders, as well as its contribution to obesity, is examined. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuro-vulnerability, including pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications, are reviewed. In conclusion, understanding the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their implications for metabolic health. Targeting neuro-vulnerability holds promise for developing innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, ultimately improving metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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Kaltenhauser S, Weber CF, Lin H, Mozayan A, Malhotra A, Constable RT, Acosta JN, Falcone GJ, Taylor SN, Ment LR, Sheth KN, Payabvash S. Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Imaging Metrics of Brain Integrity and Functional Connectivity in Children Aged 9 to 10 Years in the US, 2016-2018. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2314193. [PMID: 37200030 PMCID: PMC10196880 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Aside from widely known cardiovascular implications, higher weight in children may have negative associations with brain microstructure and neurodevelopment. Objective To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with imaging metrics that approximate brain health. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to examine the association of BMI and waist circumference with multimodal neuroimaging metrics of brain health in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 2 years. From 2016 to 2018, the multicenter ABCD study recruited more than 11 000 demographically representative children aged 9 to 10 years in the US. Children without any history of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders were included in this study, and a subsample of children who completed 2-year follow-up (34%) was included for longitudinal analysis. Exposures Children's weight, height, waist circumference, age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, handedness, puberty status, and magnetic resonance imaging scanner device were retrieved and included in the analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Association of preadolescents' BMI z scores and waist circumference with neuroimaging indicators of brain health: cortical morphometry, resting-state functional connectivity, and white matter microstructure and cytostructure. Results A total of 4576 children (2208 [48.3%] female) at a mean (SD) age of 10.0 years (7.6 months) were included in the baseline cross-sectional analysis. There were 609 (13.3%) Black, 925 (20.2%) Hispanic, and 2565 (56.1%) White participants. Of those, 1567 had complete 2-year clinical and imaging information at a mean (SD) age of 12.0 years (7.7 months). In cross-sectional analyses at both time points, higher BMI and waist circumference were associated with lower microstructural integrity and neurite density, most pronounced in the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P < .001; neurite density for BMI at baseline: P < .001; neurite density for waist circumference at baseline: P = .09; neurite density for BMI at second year: P = .002; neurite density for waist circumference at second year: P = .05), reduced functional connectivity in reward- and control-related networks (eg, within the salience network for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P < .002), and thinner brain cortex (eg, for the right rostral middle frontal for BMI and waist circumference at baseline and second year: P < .001). In longitudinal analysis, higher baseline BMI was most strongly associated with decelerated interval development of the prefrontal cortex (left rostral middle frontal: P = .003) and microstructure and cytostructure of the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy: P = .01; neurite density: P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, higher BMI and waist circumference among children aged 9 to 10 years were associated with imaging metrics of poorer brain structure and connectivity as well as hindered interval development. Future follow-up data from the ABCD study can reveal long-term neurocognitive implications of excess childhood weight. Imaging metrics that had the strongest association with BMI and waist circumference in this population-level analysis may serve as target biomarkers of brain integrity in future treatment trials of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kaltenhauser
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clara F. Weber
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Huang Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ali Mozayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julián N. Acosta
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah N. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura R. Ment
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Khan S, Hasan N, Khan S, Akhtar M, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Exploring effects of Simvastatin on coagulation mediators to alleviate the advancement of high cholesterol diet triggered neurodegeneration. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23342. [PMID: 36992618 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to investigate the possible effect of Simvastatin in ameliorating high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced neurodegeneration and to also investigate its possible action on coagulation mediators. In silico and in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the impact of Simvastatin on prime coagulation mediators. HCD was used to induce neuropathology in wistar rats and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of Simvastatin in preventing the advancement of neurodegeneration in obese rats. Biochemical analyses were used to estimate changes in lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory and coagulation markers. Simvastatin showed good theoretical affinity to coagulation proteins, significantly reversed changes in inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers which were induced by HCD. Enhanced fibrinolytic activity of Simvastatin was revealed through in vitro analysis. Immunohistoanalysis showed raised level of Nrf2. Histopathological studies also supported neuroprotective potential of Simvastatin in HCD fed rats. Simvastatin demonstrated reduced hypercoagulation, enhanced fibrinolysis and reversed neurodegeneration in HCD exposed rats suggesting its potential role in preventing the progression of neurodegeneration in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Noorul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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14
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Arrona-Cardoza P, Labonté K, Cisneros-Franco JM, Nielsen DE. The Effects of Food Advertisements on Food Intake and Neural Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Experimental Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:339-351. [PMID: 36914293 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food advertisements are ubiquitous in our daily environment. However, the relationships between exposure to food advertising and outcomes related to ingestive behavior require further investigation. The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral and neural responses to food advertising in experimental studies. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for articles published from January 2014 to November 2021 using a search strategy following PRISMA guidelines. Experimental studies conducted with human participants were included. A random-effects inverse-variance meta-analysis was performed on standardized mean differences (SMD) of food intake (behavioral outcome) between the food advertisement and nonfood advertisement conditions of each study. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, BMI group, study design, and advertising media type. A seed-based d mapping meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was performed to evaluate neural activity between experimental conditions. Nineteen articles were eligible for inclusion, 13 for food intake (n = 1303) and 6 for neural activity (n = 303). The pooled analysis of food intake revealed small, but statistically significant, effects of increased intake after viewing food advertising compared with the control condition among adults and children (adult SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.28; P = 0.01; I2 = 0; 95% CI: 0, 95.0%; Children SMD: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.37; P < 0.0001; I2 = 60.4%; 95% CI: 25.6%, 79.0%). The neuroimaging studies involved children only, and the pooled analysis corrected for multiple comparisons identified one significant cluster, the middle occipital gyrus, with increased activity after food advertising exposure compared with the control condition (peak coordinates: 30, -86, 12; z-value: 6.301, size: 226 voxels; P < 0.001). These findings suggest that acute exposure to food advertising increases food intake among children and adults and that the middle occipital gyrus is an implicated brain region among children. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022311357).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Labonté
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - José Miguel Cisneros-Franco
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada; Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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15
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Smith ML, Risse G, Sziklas V, Banks S, Small D, Frasnelli J, Klein D. Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Epilepsy, 2022: Hills We Have Climbed and the Hills Ahead. Cognition and Sensory Systems in Healthy and Diseased Subjects. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 140:109119. [PMID: 36804713 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes selected presentations from a session titled "Cognition and Sensory Systems in Healthy and Diseased Subjects", held to highlight and honor the work of Dr. Marilyn Jones-Gotman. The session was part of a two-day symposium, "Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Epilepsy, 2022: Hills We Have Climbed and the Hills Ahead". The session presented research on epilepsy and sensory systems by colleagues and former trainees of Dr. Jones-Gotman. The extended summaries provide an overview of historical and current work in the neuropsychology of epilepsy, neuropsychological and neuroimaging approaches to understanding brain organization, sex differences in brain mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, dietary influences on brain function and cognition, and expertise in olfactory training and language experiences and their implications for brain organization and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gail Risse
- Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Roseville, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Viviane Sziklas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Banks
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dana Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Korgan AC, Oliveira-Abreu K, Wei W, Martin SLA, Bridges ZJD, Leal-Cardoso JH, Kaczorowski CC, O'Connell KMS. High sucrose consumption decouples intrinsic and synaptic excitability of AgRP neurons without altering body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:224-235. [PMID: 36725979 PMCID: PMC10023568 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE As the obesity epidemic continues, the understanding of macronutrient influence on central nervous system function is critical for understanding diet-induced obesity and potential therapeutics, particularly in light of the increased sugar content in processed foods. Previous research showed mixed effects of sucrose feeding on body weight gain but has yet to reveal insight into the impact of sucrose on hypothalamic functioning. Here, we explore the impact of liquid sucrose feeding for 12 weeks on body weight, body composition, caloric intake, and hypothalamic AgRP neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. METHODS Patch-clamp electrophysiology of hypothalamic AgRP neurons, metabolic phenotyping and food intake were performed on C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS While mice given sugar-sweetened water do not gain significant weight, they do show subtle differences in body composition and caloric intake. When given sugar-sweetened water, mice show similar alterations to AgRP neuronal excitability as in high-fat diet obese models. Increased sugar consumption also primes mice for increased caloric intake and weight gain when given access to a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that elevated sucrose consumption increased activity of AgRP neurons and altered synaptic excitability. This may contribute to obesity in mice and humans with access to more palatable (HFD) diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Korgan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Klausen Oliveira-Abreu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Wei Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Zoey J D Bridges
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M S O'Connell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Yang Y, Morys F, Wu Q, Li J, Chen H. Pilot study of food-specific go/no-go training for overweight individuals: brain imaging data suggest inhibition shapes food evaluation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6464693. [PMID: 34918164 PMCID: PMC10074770 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-specific go/no-go training might reduce overeating and facilitate weight loss. In this pilot study, we examined whether a food-specific go/no-go training over five weeks, as compared to a non-food-specific training, could produce changes in behavioral and neural responses to food images and body weight. Here, we used a sample of 51 overweight participants divided into training and control groups whose brain activity and food evaluation were measured before and after the training. Compared with the control group, in the training group we found significant reductions in high-calorie food evaluation. We also found lower activations in inhibitory control- and reward-related brain regions in response to high-calorie food images. Further, activation change of the mid-insula in response to the high-calorie food images was positively associated with change in the evaluation of those images. However, we found no evidence for a significant effect of food-specific go/no-go training on body weight change. Our findings highlight that food-specific go/no-go training in overweight individuals can reduce high-calorie food evaluation, but also neural activations in inhibitory control- and reward- related brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qian Wu
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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18
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Eichen DM, Sim DJEK, Appleton-Knapp SL, Strong DR, Boutelle KN. Adults with overweight or obesity use less efficient memory strategies compared to adults with healthy weight on a verbal list learning task modified with food words. Appetite 2023; 181:106402. [PMID: 36460122 PMCID: PMC9836657 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest poorer episodic memory among adults with overweight (OW) relative to those with healthy weight (HW); however, few have used food stimuli. To understand the salience of food-related items when assessing memory, we adapted an episodic memory task, by replacing some non-food words with snack foods. Participants were 96 weight-loss seeking adults with OW compared to 48 adults with HW from the community matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and education. Overall memory ability was similar, although a trend showed the adults with HW performed better than adults with OW on immediate recall (d = 0.32, p = 0.07). However, there were clear differences in the use of learning strategies. Adults with HW utilized sematic clustering more effectively than adults with OW during all test phases (ds = 0.44-0.62; ps ≤ 0.01). Adults with HW also utilized serial clustering more effectively (d = 0.51; p < 0.01). Adults with HW showed better semantic clustering for both food and non-food words during immediate and short delay recall (ds = 0.42-0.78; ps ≤ 0.01) but semantic clustering was only better for the non-food category at long delay (d = 0.55; p < 0.01). These results show that adults with OW utilized less efficient learning strategies throughout the task and food-related content may impact learning. Clinically, these findings may suggest that weight-loss treatments should consider incorporating the teaching of learning and memory strategies to help increase utilization of new skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Eichen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA,Corresponding author. University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0874, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA., (D.M. Eichen)
| | - Dong-Jin E. Kang Sim
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David R. Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kerri N. Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, CA, USA,University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Chen HA, Hovens IB, Davis XS, Hutelin Z, Wall KM, Small DM. Identification of a novel link between adiposity and visuospatial perception. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:423-433. [PMID: 36546337 PMCID: PMC9877146 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent work has reported a negative association between BMI and performance on the Penn Line Orientation Task. To determine the reliability of this effect, a comprehensive assessment of visual function in individuals with healthy weight (HW) and those with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) was performed. METHODS Visual acuity/contrast, Penn Line Orientation Task, and higher-order visuospatial function were measured in 80 (40 with HW, 40 with OW/OB) case-control study participants. Adiposity, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, diet, physical activity, and heart rate variability were also assessed. A subgroup of 22 participants plus 5 additional participants (n = 27) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. RESULTS Compared with those with HW, individuals with OW/OB performed worse on tasks requiring judgments of line orientation. This effect was mediated by body fat percentage and was unrelated to other measures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed a negative association between BMI and response in the primary visual cortex (V1) during line orientation judgment. Performance was unrelated to V1 response but positively correlated with response in a network of regions, including the lateral occipital cortex, when BMI was accounted for in the model. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a selective deficit in line orientation perception associated with adiposity and blunted activation in the V1 that cannot be attributed to visual acuity and does not generalize to other visuospatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Alexander Chen
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Iris B. Hovens
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xue S. Davis
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Zach Hutelin
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kathryn M. Wall
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Dana M. Small
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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20
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Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for obesity in children. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36596778 PMCID: PMC9810659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a strong genetic component, with up to 20% of variance in body mass index (BMI) being accounted for by common polygenic variation. Most genetic polymorphisms associated with BMI are related to genes expressed in the central nervous system. At the same time, higher BMI is associated with neurocognitive changes. However, the direct link between genetics of obesity and neurobehavioral mechanisms related to weight gain is missing. Here, we use a large sample of participants (n > 4000) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort to investigate how genetic risk for obesity, expressed as polygenic risk score for BMI (BMI-PRS), is related to brain and behavioral measures in adolescents. In a series of analyses, we show that BMI-PRS is related to lower cortical volume and thickness in the frontal and temporal areas, relative to age-expected values. Relatedly, using structural equation modeling, we find that lower overall cortical volume is associated with higher impulsivity, which in turn is related to an increase in BMI 1 year later. In sum, our study shows that obesity might partially stem from genetic risk as expressed in brain changes in the frontal and temporal brain areas, and changes in impulsivity.
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21
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Morys F, Potvin O, Zeighami Y, Vogel J, Lamontagne-Caron R, Duchesne S, Dagher A. Obesity-Associated Neurodegeneration Pattern Mimics Alzheimer's Disease in an Observational Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1059-1071. [PMID: 36565111 PMCID: PMC9912737 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight in adulthood leads to health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Recently, excess weight has also been related to brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Reports show that obesity is linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related changes, such as cerebrovascular damage or amyloid-β accumulation. However, to date no research has conducted a direct comparison between brain atrophy patterns in AD and obesity. OBJECTIVE Here, we compared patterns of brain atrophy and amyloid-β/tau protein accumulation in obesity and AD using a sample of over 1,300 individuals from four groups: AD patients, healthy controls, obese otherwise healthy individuals, and lean individuals. METHODS We age- and sex-matched all groups to the AD-patients group and created cortical thickness maps of AD and obesity. This was done by comparing AD patients with healthy controls, and obese individuals with lean individuals. We then compared the AD and obesity maps using correlation analyses and permutation-based tests that account for spatial autocorrelation. Similarly, we compared obesity brain maps with amyloid-β and tau protein maps from other studies. RESULTS Obesity maps were highly correlated with AD maps but were not correlated with amyloid-β/tau protein maps. This effect was not accounted for by the presence of obesity in the AD group. CONCLUSION Our research confirms that obesity-related grey matter atrophy resembles that of AD. Excess weight management could lead to improved health outcomes, slow down cognitive decline in aging, and lower the risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Yashar Zeighami
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacob Vogel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Simon Duchesne
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Nicol G, Jansen M, Haddad R, Ricchio A, Yingling MD, Schweiger JA, Keenoy K, Evanoff BA, Newcomer JW. Use of an Interactive Obesity Treatment Approach in Individuals With Severe Mental Illness: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Proposed Engagement Criteria. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38496. [PMID: 36512399 PMCID: PMC9795399 DOI: 10.2196/38496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital and mobile health interventions are increasingly being used to support healthy lifestyle change, including in certain high-risk populations such as those with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Life expectancy in this population lags 15 years behind counterparts in the general population, primarily due to obesity-related health conditions. OBJECTIVE We tested the feasibility and usability of a 12-week interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA) to adults with chronic SMIs (depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder) receiving treatment in community settings. The iOTA incorporates short message service (SMS) text messages to supplement monthly in-person health coaching. METHODS Factors hypothesized to be associated with weight change were illness severity and treatment engagement. Severe psychiatric symptoms were defined as baseline Clinical Global Impression severity score of >5. Criterion engagement was defined as a text messaging response rate >80% during the first 4 weeks of treatment. Disordered eating, assessed with the Loss of Control Over Eating Scores, was also evaluated. Participants provided qualitative data, further informing assessment of intervention feasibility, usability, and acceptability. RESULTS A total of 26 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 48.5 (SD 15.67) years; 40% (10/26) were Black and 60% (15/26) female. Participants with lower symptom severity and adequate engagement demonstrated significantly decreased weight (F1,16=22.54, P<.001). Conversely, high symptom severity and lower text message response rates were associated with trend-level increases in weight (F1,7=4.33, P=.08). Loss-of-control eating was not observed to impact treatment outcome. Participants voiced preference for combination of live health coaching and text messaging, expressing desire for personalized message content. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the feasibility of delivering an adapted iOTA to SMI patients receiving care in community settings and suggest testable criteria for defining sufficient treatment engagement and psychiatric symptom severity, two factors known to impact weight loss outcomes. These important findings suggest specific adaptations may be needed for optimal treatment outcomes in individuals with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Nicol
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Madeline Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rita Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amanda Ricchio
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael D Yingling
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julia A Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Katie Keenoy
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bradley A Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John W Newcomer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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23
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Factors of Obesity and Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Asia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091271. [PMID: 36143948 PMCID: PMC9500686 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The East Asian region (China, Japan, and South Korea) is comprised of almost 1.5 billion people and recent industrialization has brought with it a pandemic of rising obesity, even in children. As these countries are rapidly aging and functioning at sub-replacement birthrates, the burgeoning costs of obesity-related care may threaten socialized healthcare systems and quality of life. However, a condition called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been found to be without immediate cardiopulmonary or diabetic risk. Thus, maintenance of the MHO condition for the obese in East Asia could buffer the burden of long-term obesity care on medical systems and knowledge of the biochemical, genetic, and physiological milieu associated with it could also provide new targets for intervention. Diverse physiological, psychological, environmental, and social factors play a role in obesogenesis and the transition of MHO to a metabolically unhealthy obesity. This review will give a broad survey of the various causes of obesity and MHO, with special emphasis on the East Asian population and studies from that region.
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24
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Stillman CM, Jakicic JM, Rogers RJ, Roecklein KA, Barrett G, Kang C, Erickson KI. The relationship between fat mass and obesity associated gene polymorphism rs9939609 and resting cerebral blood flow in a midlife sample with overweight and obesity. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:904545. [PMID: 36072887 PMCID: PMC9443082 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.904545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity associated fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) gene has been linked with increased BMI in adults. Higher BMI has been associated with poor brain health and may exert deleterious effects on neurocognitive health through cerebral hypoperfusion. However, it is unclear if there is a relationship between the FTO genotype and cerebral perfusion, or whether FTO genotype moderates the effects of weight loss on cerebral perfusion. Using data from a randomized controlled behavioral weight loss trial in adults with overweight and obesity, we tested (1) whether carriers of the A allele for FTO rs9939609 demonstrate different patterns of resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) compared to T carriers, and (2) whether the FTO genotype moderates the effects of weight loss on rCBF. We hypothesized that carriers of the A allele would exhibit lower resting CBF in frontal brain areas compared to T/T homozygotes at baseline, and that intervention-induced weight loss may partially remediate these differences.Methods and resultsOne hundred and five adults (75.2% female, mean age 44.9 years) with overweight or obesity were included in the analyses. These participants represent a subsample of participants in a larger randomized controlled trial (NCT01500356). A resting pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) scan was acquired to examine rCBF. Age, sex, and BMI were included as covariates. At baseline, A carriers had greater rCBF in a diffuse cluster extending into the brainstem, motor cortex, and occipital lobe, but lower perfusion in the temporal lobe. We found no evidence that FTO moderated the effect of the intervention group assignment on rCBF changes.ConclusionOverall, these results indicate that (a) individual variation in rCBF within a sample with overweight and obesity may be attributed to a common FTO variant, but (b) a weight loss intervention is effective at increasing rCBF, regardless of FTO genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chelsea M. Stillman,
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | | | - Kathryn A. Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Grant Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chaeryon Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
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25
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Leng X, Huang Y, Zhao S, Jiang X, Shi P, Chen H. Altered neural correlates of episodic memory for food and non-food cues in females with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2022; 175:106074. [PMID: 35525333 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory formation is fundamental to cognition and plays a key role in eating behaviors, indirectly promoting the maintenance and acceleration of weight gain. Impaired episodic memory function is a hallmark of people with overweight/obesity, nevertheless, little research has been conducted to explore the effects of overweight/obesity on neural networks associated with episodic memory. The current study aimed to unravel the behavioral responses and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the episodic memory for food and non-food cues in females with overweight/obesity. To explore this issue, a group of females with overweight/obesity (n = 26) and a group of age-matched females with healthy weight (n = 28) participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) event-related episodic memory paradigm, during which pictures of palatable food and pictures of neutral daily necessities were presented. Whole-brain analyses revealed differential engagement in several neural regions between the groups during an episodic memory task. Specifically, compared to the healthy weight controls, females with overweight/obesity exhibited reduced brain activity in the temporal, parietal, and frontal regions during episodic memory encoding and successful retrieval of both food and non-food cues. Additionally, activation patterns in the left hippocampus and right olfactory cortex of females with and without overweight/obesity suggested that item memory changed according to the type of stimuli presented during item memory. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity showed greater engagement of the left hippocampus and right olfactory cortex when processing food cues, but less activation of the left hippocampus and right olfactory cortex when presented with non-food cues. Consistent with the obesity and suboptimal food-related decision theoretical model, these findings provide evidence of dissociation of the neural underpinnings of episodic memory in females with overweight/obesity and underline important effects of overweight/obesity on brain functions related to episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Leng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xintong Jiang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Pan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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26
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Alrouh H, van Bergen E, de Zeeuw E, Dolan C, Boomsma DI. Intergenerational transmission of body mass index and associations with educational attainment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:890. [PMID: 35509009 PMCID: PMC9069759 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual differences in educational attainment (EA) and physical health, as indexed by body mass index (BMI), are correlated within persons and across generations. The present aim was to assess these associations while controlling for parental transmission. Methods We analyzed BMI and EA obtained for 8,866 families from the Netherlands. Data were available for 19,132 persons, including 6,901 parents (mean age 54) and 12,234 of their adult offspring (mean age 32). We employed structural equation modeling to simultaneously model the direct and indirect transmission of BMI and EA from parents to offspring, spousal correlations, and the residual within-person BMI-EA association and tested for gender differences in the transmission parameters. Results We found moderate intergeneration transmission for BMI (standardized beta ~ .20) and EA (~ .22), and substantial spousal correlations for BMI (.23) and EA (.51). Cross-trait parent to offspring transmission was weak. The strength of transmission was largely independent of parent or offspring gender. Negative within person EA-BMI correlations were observed for all family members (fathers, -0.102; mothers, -0.147; sons, -0.154; daughters, -0.173). About 60% of the EA-BMI correlation in offspring persisted after taking into account the intergeneration transmission. Conclusions The intergenerational transmission for BMI and EA is mainly predictive within traits. Significant spousal and within person correlations in the parental generation are responsible for the effect of parental EA on offspring BMI. Offspring EA and BMI are further correlated beyond parental influences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13270-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat Alrouh
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, Room MF-H557, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Elsje van Bergen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, Room MF-H557, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Research Institute LEARN!, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eveline de Zeeuw
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, Room MF-H557, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conor Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, Room MF-H557, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, Room MF-H557, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Pan X, Zhang M, Tian A, Chen L, Sun Z, Wang L, Chen P. Exploring the genetic correlation between obesity-related traits and regional brain volumes: Evidence from UK Biobank cohort. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102870. [PMID: 34872017 PMCID: PMC8648807 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a correlation between obesity-related variants and regional brain volumes. METHODS Based on a mixed linear model (MLM), we analyzed the association between 1,498 obesity-related SNPs in the GWAS Catalog and 164 regional brain volumes from 29,420 participants (discovery cohort N = 19,997, validation cohort N = 9,423) in UK Biobank. The statistically significant brain regions in association analysis were classified into 6 major neural networks (dopamine (DA) motive system, central autonomic network (CAN), cognitive emotion regulation, visual object recognition network, auditory object recognition network, and sensorimotor system). We summarized the association between obesity-related variants (metabolically healthy obesity variants, metabolically unhealthy obesity variants, and unclassified obesity-related variants) and neural networks. RESULTS From association analysis, we determined that 17 obesity-related SNPs were associated with 51 regional brain volumes. Several single SNPs (e.g., rs13107325-T (SLC39A8), rs1876829-C (CRHR1), and rs1538170-T (CENPW)) were associated with multiple regional brain volumes. In addition, several single brain regions (e.g., the white matter, the grey matter in the putamen, subcallosal cortex, and insular cortex) were associated with multiple obesity-related variants. The metabolically healthy obesity variants were mainly associated with the regional brain volumes in the DA motive system, sensorimotor system and cognitive emotion regulation neural networks, while metabolically unhealthy obesity variants were mainly associated with regional brain volumes in the CAN and total tissue volumes. In addition, unclassified obesity-related variants were mainly associated with auditory object recognition network and total tissue volumes. The results of MeSH (medical subject headings) enrichment analysis showed that obesity genes associated with brain structure pointed to the functional relatedness with 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), and high mobility group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2 protein). CONCLUSION In summary, we found that obesity-related variants were associated with different brain volume measures. On the basis of the multiple SNPs, we found that metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity-related SNPs were associated with different brain neural networks. Based on our enrichment analysis, modifications of the 5-HT4 pathway might be a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Miaoran Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Aowen Tian
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zewen Sun
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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28
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Arumäe K, Mõttus R, Vainik U. Beyond BMI: Personality traits' associations with adiposity and metabolic rate. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113703. [PMID: 35031345 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various personality traits are known to correlate with body mass index (BMI). However, this index of adiposity conflates fat mass with lean body mass and may therefore lead to biased estimates of correlations. Yet, rarely have studies looked beyond BMI to understand how adiposity and other physiological characteristics relate to these psychological traits. Using previously validated formulas, we calculated an improved measure of adiposity (relative fat mass, RFM), as well as basal metabolic rate (BMR); explored their associations with various personality traits; and assessed how personality traits' associations with RFM differ from their associations with BMI. In a subsample of the Estonian Biobank (N = 3535), we compared how the five domains and 30 facets of NEO Personality Inventory-3 correlated with RFM, BMI, and BMR. Various traits, notably Openness to Experience and its facets, were associated with RFM above and beyond BMI; these traits may relate to lower adiposity through eating habits. Assertiveness, a facet of Extraversion, correlated more strongly with BMI than with RFM and also correlated with BMR. These correlations mirror associations of metabolic rate with conceptually similar traits in non-human animals and are consistent with Assertiveness being based on biological processes. Finally, BMI-personality trait correlations appeared to conflate personality traits' associations with fat mass and lean mass; the use of BMI as an indicator of adiposity can lead to both attenuated and inflated estimates of personality trait-adiposity associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - René Mõttus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
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29
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Garcia-Garcia I, Neseliler S, Morys F, Dadar M, Yau YHC, Scala SG, Zeighami Y, Sun N, Collins DL, Vainik U, Dagher A. Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:129-136. [PMID: 34552208 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity increases the risk for obesity and weight gain. However, the precise role of impulsivity in the aetiology of overeating behavior and obesity is currently unknown. Here we examined the relationships between personality-related measures of impulsivity, Uncontrolled Eating, body mass index (BMI), and longitudinal weight changes. In addition, we analyzed the associations between general impulsivity domains and cortical thickness to elucidate brain vulnerability factors related to weight gain. METHODS Students (N = 2318) in their first year of university-a risky period for weight gain-completed questionnaire measures of impulsivity and eating behavior at the beginning of the school year. We also collected their weight at the end of the term (N = 1177). Impulsivity was divided into three factors: stress reactivity, reward sensitivity and lack of self-control. Using structural equation models, we tested a hierarchical relationship, in which impulsivity traits were associated with Uncontrolled Eating, which in turn predicted BMI and weight change. Seventy-one participants underwent T1-weighted MRI to investigate the correlation between impulsivity and cortical thickness. RESULTS Impulsivity traits showed positive correlations with Uncontrolled Eating. Higher scores in Uncontrolled Eating were in turn associated with higher BMI. None of the impulsivity-related measurements nor Uncontrolled Eating were correlated with longitudinal weight gain. Higher stress sensitivity was associated with increased cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus. Lack of self-control was positively associated with increased thickness in the superior medial frontal gyrus. Finally, higher reward sensitivity was associated with lower thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION The present study provides a comprehensive characterization of the relationships between different facets of impulsivity and obesity. We show that differences in impulsivity domains might be associated with BMI via Uncontrolled Eating. Our results might inform future clinical strategies aimed at fostering self-control abilities to prevent and/or treat unhealthy weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Garcia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selin Neseliler
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yvonne H C Yau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie G Scala
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Sun
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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30
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Tüngler A, Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Frenzel S, Terock J, Röder N, Homuth G, Völzke H, Bülow R, Grabe HJ, Janowitz D. Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24246. [PMID: 34930940 PMCID: PMC8688483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from previous studies suggests that elevated body mass index (BMI) and genetic risk for obesity is associated with reduced brain volume, particularly in areas of reward-related cognition, e.g. the medial prefrontal cortex (AC-MPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the striatum and the thalamus. However, only few studies examined the interplay between these factors in a joint approach. Moreover, previous findings are based on cross-sectional data. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between increased BMI, brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and genetic risk scores in a cohort of n = 502 community-dwelling participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a mean follow-up-time of 4.9 years. We found that (1) increased BMI values at baseline were associated with decreased brain parameters at follow-up. These effects were particularly pronounced for the OFC and AC-MPFC. (2) The genetic predisposition for BMI had no effect on brain parameters at baseline or follow-up. (3) The interaction between the genetic score for BMI and brain parameters had no effect on BMI at baseline. Finding a significant impact of overweight, but not genetic predisposition for obesity on altered brain structure suggests that metabolic mechanisms may underlie the relationship between obesity and altered brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tüngler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee 70, 18437, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Nele Röder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee 70, 18437, Stralsund, Germany.
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31
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Morys F, Dadar M, Dagher A. Association Between Midlife Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Cognitive Decline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4260-e4274. [PMID: 33677592 PMCID: PMC8475210 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic obesity is associated with several complications, including cognitive impairment and dementia. However, we have only piecemeal knowledge of the mechanisms linking obesity to central nervous system damage. Among candidate mechanisms are other elements of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, but also systemic inflammation. While there have been several neuroimaging studies linking adiposity to changes in brain morphometry, a comprehensive investigation of the relationship has so far not been done. OBJECTIVE To identify links between adiposity and cognitive dysfunction. METHODS This observational cohort study (UK Biobank), with an 8-year follow-up, included more than 20 000 participants from the general community, with a mean age of 63 years. Only participants with data available on both baseline and follow-up timepoints were included. The main outcome measures were cognitive performance and mediator variables: hypertension, diabetes, systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, gray matter measures, and cerebrovascular disease (volume of white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging). RESULTS Using structural equation modeling, we found that body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage were positively related to higher plasma C-reactive protein, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. In turn, hypertension and diabetes were related to cerebrovascular disease. Finally, cerebrovascular disease was associated with lower cortical thickness and volume and higher subcortical volumes, but also cognitive deficits (largest significant pcorrected = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We show that adiposity is related to poor cognition, with metabolic consequences of obesity and cerebrovascular disease as potential mediators. The outcomes have clinical implications, supporting a role for the management of adiposity in the prevention of late-life dementia and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Correspondence: Filip Morys, Ph.D., Université McGill, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Dong D, Wang Y, Long Z, Jackson T, Chang X, Zhou F, Chen H. The Association between Body Mass Index and Intra-Cortical Myelin: Findings from the Human Connectome Project. Nutrients 2021; 13:3221. [PMID: 34579106 PMCID: PMC8469469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-cortical myelin is a myelinated part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for the spread and synchronization of neuronal activity in the cortex. Recent animal studies have established a link between obesity and impaired oligodendrocyte maturation vis-à-vis cells that produce and maintain myelin; however, the association between obesity and intra-cortical myelination remains to be established. To investigate the effects of obesity on intra-cortical myelin in living humans, we employed a large, demographically well-characterized sample of healthy young adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1066). Intra-cortical myelin was assessed using a novel T1-w/T2-w ratio method. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), an indicator of obesity, and intra-cortical myelination, adjusting for covariates of no interest. We observed BMI was related to lower intra-cortical myelination in regions previously identified to be involved in reward processing (i.e., medial orbitofrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex), attention (i.e., visual cortex, inferior/middle temporal gyrus), and salience detection (i.e., insula, supramarginal gyrus) in response to viewing food cues (corrected p < 0.05). In addition, higher BMIs were associated with more intra-cortical myelination in regions associated with somatosensory processing (i.e., the somatosensory network) and inhibitory control (i.e., lateral inferior frontal gyrus, frontal pole). These findings were also replicated after controlling for key potential confounding factors including total intracranial volume, substance use, and fluid intelligence. Findings suggested that altered intra-cortical myelination may represent a novel microstructure-level substrate underlying prior abnormal obesity-related brain neural activity, and lays a foundation for future investigations designed to evaluate how living habits, such as dietary habit and physical activity, affect intra-cortical myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, China;
| | - Xuebin Chang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center for Information in Medicine, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; (D.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
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Oliva R, Budisavljević S, Castiello U, Begliomini C. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Binge-Eating Behavior: At the Roots of Unstoppable Eating. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091162. [PMID: 34573183 PMCID: PMC8468173 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating refers to episodes of uncontrolled eating accompanied by a perceived loss of control, which can be common in the general population. Given the profound negative consequences of persistent binge-eating such as weight and eating disorders, it is vital to determine what makes someone more vulnerable than others to engage in such a conduct. A total of 42 normal-weight individuals (21 with binge-eating episodes and 21 without binge-eating episodes) underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging measurement and Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess between-group differences in terms of gray matter volume (GMV), together with self-report impulsivity and binge-eating measures. The results showed binge-eating individuals as characterized by higher trait impulsivity and greater regional GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus: however, the GMV in this region appeared to be positively correlated only with measures of binge-eating but not with trait impulsivity measures. These findings provide novel insights on the neurobiological roots of BE in normal-weight individuals and highlight how this behavior can be associated with brain morphometric changes within prefrontal regions also in a non-clinical population. Overall, this study provides a further characterization of the neural correlates of binge-eating and novel insights into the treatment of its more severe pathological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Oliva
- Centro Terapia e Ricerca sui Disturbi Alimentari (Center for Eating Disorders Therapy and Research—CenTeR Disturbi Alimentari), 30172 Venice, Italy;
| | | | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6947
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Kong XZ, Postema M, Schijven D, Castillo AC, Pepe A, Crivello F, Joliot M, Mazoyer B, Fisher SE, Francks C. Large-Scale Phenomic and Genomic Analysis of Brain Asymmetrical Skew. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4151-4168. [PMID: 33836062 PMCID: PMC8328207 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral hemispheres show a left-right asymmetrical torque pattern, which has been claimed to be absent in chimpanzees. The functional significance and developmental mechanisms are unknown. Here, we carried out the largest-ever analysis of global brain shape asymmetry in magnetic resonance imaging data. Three population datasets were used, UK Biobank (N = 39 678), Human Connectome Project (N = 1113), and BIL&GIN (N = 453). At the population level, there was an anterior and dorsal skew of the right hemisphere, relative to the left. Both skews were associated independently with handedness, and various regional gray and white matter metrics oppositely in the two hemispheres, as well as other variables related to cognitive functions, sociodemographic factors, and physical and mental health. The two skews showed single nucleotide polymorphisms-based heritabilities of 4-13%, but also substantial polygenicity in causal mixture model analysis, and no individually significant loci were found in genome-wide association studies for either skew. There was evidence for a significant genetic correlation between horizontal brain skew and autism, which requires future replication. These results provide the first large-scale description of population-average brain skews and their inter-individual variations, their replicable associations with handedness, and insights into biological and other factors which associate with human brain asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Merel Postema
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Schijven
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Amaia Carrión Castillo
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex 33076, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex 33076, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex 33076, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex 33076, France
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
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35
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Inter-individual body mass variations relate to fractionated functional brain hierarchies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:735. [PMID: 34127795 PMCID: PMC8203627 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in body mass index (BMI) have been suggested to relate to atypical brain organization, yet connectome-level substrates of BMI and their neurobiological underpinnings remain unclear. Studying 325 healthy young adults, we examined associations between functional connectivity and inter-individual BMI variations. We utilized non-linear connectome manifold learning techniques to represent macroscale functional organization along continuous hierarchical axes that dissociate low level and higher order brain systems. We observed an increased differentiation between unimodal and heteromodal association networks in individuals with higher BMI, indicative of a disrupted modular architecture and hierarchy of the brain. Transcriptomic decoding and gene enrichment analyses identified genes previously implicated in genome-wide associations to BMI and specific cortical, striatal, and cerebellar cell types. These findings illustrate functional connectome substrates of BMI variations in healthy young adults and point to potential molecular associations.
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Vallis M, Macklin D. When behaviour meets biology: if obesity is a chronic medical disease what is obesity management? Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12443. [PMID: 33590712 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Vallis
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - D Macklin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medcan Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Satyal MK, Basso JC, Tegge AN, Metpally AR, Bickel WK. A novel model of obesity prediction: Neurobehaviors as targets for treatment. Behav Neurosci 2021; 135:426-442. [PMID: 34264693 PMCID: PMC9955328 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is on the rise, with approximately 30% of the world population classified as either overweight or obese. The United States has some of the highest rates of obesity, and in most countries in the world, obesity now poses more of a serious health concern than malnutrition. Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disorder that is both preventable and treatable; however, traditional interventions that target eating less and exercising more have low success rates, especially in the long term. Therefore, identifying the neurobehaviors that predict obesity is important to help identify targets to decrease BMI and improve obesity outcomes. Using the Competing Neurobehavioral Decisions System (CNDS) Theory, we hypothesized that individuals with obesity compared to individuals without obesity would display neurobehaviors marked by a hyperactive impulsive system and a hypoactive executive system. To test this hypothesis, we collected data from a battery of self-reported measures and neurocognitive assessments through Amazon Mechanical Turk from n = 178 obese (BMI ≥ 30) and n = 198 nonobese controls who were weight stable for the past 3 months. We found that compared to the nonobese control group, individuals with obesity showed heightened delay discounting (a marker of CNDS imbalance), impaired motivation, poor self-image, decreased affective state, and impaired executive function. Using a Bayesian network approach, we established a neurobehavioral model that predicts obesity with 64.4% accuracy and indicates an imbalance between impulsive and executive neural systems. Results from our study suggest that interventions targeting neurobehaviors may be integral to help improve obesity outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha K. Satyal
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Julia C. Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States,Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Allison N. Tegge
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States,Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Anvitha R. Metpally
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
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Adise S, Allgaier N, Laurent J, Hahn S, Chaarani B, Owens M, Yuan D, Nyugen P, Mackey S, Potter A, Garavan HP. Multimodal brain predictors of current weight and weight gain in children enrolled in the ABCD study ®. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100948. [PMID: 33862325 PMCID: PMC8066422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging assessments were utilized to identify generalizable brain correlates of current body mass index (BMI) and predictors of pathological weight gain (i.e., beyond normative development) one year later. Multimodal data from children enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® at 9-to-10-years-old, consisted of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting state (rs), and three task-based functional (f) MRI scans assessing reward processing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Cross-validated elastic-net regression revealed widespread structural associations with BMI (e.g., cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume, and DTI), which explained 35% of the variance in the training set and generalized well to the test set (R2 = 0.27). Widespread rsfMRI inter- and intra-network correlations were related to BMI (R2train = 0.21; R2test = 0.14), as were regional activations on the working memory task (R2train = 0.20; (R2test = 0.16). However, reward and inhibitory control tasks were unrelated to BMI. Further, pathological weight gain was predicted by structural features (Area Under the Curve (AUC)train = 0.83; AUCtest = 0.83, p < 0.001), but not by fMRI nor rsfMRI. These results establish generalizable brain correlates of current weight and future pathological weight gain. These results also suggest that sMRI may have particular value for identifying children at risk for pathological weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer Laurent
- Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sage Hahn
- Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Max Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - DeKang Yuan
- Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip Nyugen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Complex Systems, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hugh P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Lenneis A, Vainik U, Teder-Laving M, Ausmees L, Lemola S, Allik J, Realo A. Personality traits relate to chronotype at both the phenotypic and genetic level. J Pers 2021; 89:1206-1222. [PMID: 33998684 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences, and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level. METHODS Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (Mage = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies. RESULTS Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score. CONCLUSION Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lenneis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Liisi Ausmees
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,The Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Alatorre-Cruz GC, Downs H, Hagood D, Sorensen ST, Williams DK, Larson-Prior L. Effect of obesity on inhibitory control in preadolescents during stop-signal task. An event-related potentials study. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 165:56-67. [PMID: 33872629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preadolescence is a period in which structural and functional changes occur in brain network reorganization that relate to the development of executive control functions, particularly in the areas of attention and cognitive inhibition. Obesity has been associated with a deficit in executive functions and behavioral and electrophysiological differences using the go/no-go task (proactive inhibition), but no study has assessed brain-electrical activity using the stop-signal task (reactive inhibition) in this population. Therefore, we hypothesized that obese preadolescents would show less efficiency in reactive inhibition than their same-age non-obese peers. To test this hypothesis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected during a stop-signal task and compared between 27 obese preadolescents (mean BMI = 25.9; 9.65 years old) and 29 normal-weight preadolescents (mean BMI = 17.5; 9.60 years old). No significant differences between groups were observed in behavioral responses. As for ERPs, the obese group had an electrophysiological pattern associated with less efficient conflict monitoring during the "no-go" condition (i.e., less modulation of N200 latency based on the experimental condition), differences in attentional allocation in the "go" condition (less modulation of P300a latency based on experimental condition), and difficulties in rule retrieval from working memory associated with the trial-type in both experimental conditions (smaller P300b amplitude). We conclude that obese preadolescents displayed less ability to modulate conflict-monitoring in the "no-go" condition and attention allocation in the "go" condition, evidencing differences between groups in the development of attention and inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela C Alatorre-Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America.
| | - Heather Downs
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America.
| | - Darcy Hagood
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America.
| | - Seth T Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America.
| | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
| | - Linda Larson-Prior
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, United States of America; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
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Executive Functions and Body Weight at Different Ages: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041174. [PMID: 33918236 PMCID: PMC8065405 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have focused their attention on the role of cognitive processes on eating habits and body weight changes. Few studies have examined the relationship between the first stages of overweight and executive functions (EFs), excluding obesity conditions. This study is aimed to detect the involvement of the EFs and their predictive role on body mass index (BMI) in a sample of healthy individuals from childhood to young adulthood with a cross-sectional design. One-hundred and sixty-six healthy students were recruited from different Italian public schools: 46 children (age range: 7–11), 50 adolescents (age range: 15–18), 70 young adults (age range: 19–30). BMI was used to evaluate body weight and different EFs tasks were used to assess the EFs domains of inhibition, updating and shifting. After adjusting BMI for age, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was carried out for each EFs task. Pearson’s r correlations were reported for each of the age subgroups. Motor disinhibition was associated with greater BMI in the overall sample. Higher BMI was related to poorer set-shifting in adolescence and poorer motor inhibition in young adulthood, but higher BMI was not associated with EFs in childhood. Differences in the development of EFs over time may influence weight changes over time through different responses to food and eating behavior.
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Dake MD, De Marco M, Blackburn DJ, Wilkinson ID, Remes A, Liu Y, Pikkarainen M, Hallikainen M, Soininen H, Venneri A. Obesity and Brain Vulnerability in Normal and Abnormal Aging: A Multimodal MRI Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:65-77. [PMID: 33681718 PMCID: PMC7903016 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: How the relationship between obesity and MRI-defined neural properties varies across distinct stages of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease is unclear. Objective: We used multimodal neuroimaging to clarify this relationship. Methods: Scans were acquired from 47 patients clinically diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia, 68 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 57 cognitively healthy individuals. Voxel-wise associations were run between maps of gray matter volume, white matter integrity, and cerebral blood flow, and global/visceral obesity. Results: Negative associations were found in cognitively healthy individuals between obesity and white matter integrity and cerebral blood flow of temporo-parietal regions. In mild cognitive impairment, negative associations emerged in frontal, temporal, and brainstem regions. In mild dementia, a positive association was found between obesity and gray matter volume around the right temporoparietal junction. Conclusion: Obesity might contribute toward neural tissue vulnerability in cognitively healthy individuals and mild cognitive impairment, while a healthy weight in mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia could help preserve brain structure in the presence of age and disease-related weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohi D Dake
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matteo De Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anne Remes
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Pikkarainen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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43
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Leng X, Xiao M, Bian Z, Zhang Y, Shi P, Chen H. Episodic memory for food and non-food cues in females with obesity. Eat Behav 2021; 40:101472. [PMID: 33422906 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is typically thought of as the memory system that makes possible mental time travel through subjective time. This may serve an important function in allowing us to use recent dietary information to predict future food needs and integrate this information with current food availability to adapt motivation accordingly. Growing evidence has suggested that episodic memory influences and is influenced by obesity. However, there is limited available evidence on the characteristics of episodic memory for food and non-food cues in people with obesity. The present study attempts to address this association and apply an episodic memory task to evaluate item memory and source memory for food and non-food cues in females with obesity. Participants were 26 females with obesity and 30 females with healthy weight, who were undergraduate students aged 17-24 years. They completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, hunger visual analog scale, fullness visual analog scale, desire-to-eat visual analog scale, and an episodic memory task including item memory and source memory. Results showed that the episodic memory patterns of females with and without obesity changed according to the type of stimuli. Specifically, females with obesity outperformed females with healthy weight in item memory for food cues, but showed deficits in item memory for non-food cues and source memory for both food and non-food cues. Taken together, based on the obesity and suboptimal food-related decision theoretical model, these findings are of great theoretical and clinical significance to explore episodic memory pattern differences between people with and without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Leng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ziming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China.
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44
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Boswell RG, Potenza MN, Grilo CM. The Neurobiology of Binge-eating Disorder Compared with Obesity: Implications for Differential Therapeutics. Clin Ther 2021; 43:50-69. [PMID: 33257092 PMCID: PMC7902428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging work indicates divergence in the neurobiologies of binge-eating disorder (BED) and obesity despite their frequent co-occurrence. This review highlights specific distinguishing aspects of BED, including elevated impulsivity and compulsivity possibly involving the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, and discusses implications for differential therapeutics for BED. METHODS This narrative review describes epidemiologic, clinical, genetic, and preclinical differences between BED and obesity. Subsequently, this review discusses human neuroimaging work reporting differences in executive functioning, reward processing, and emotion reactivity in BED compared with obesity. Finally, on the basis of the neurobiology of BED, this review identifies existing and new therapeutic agents that may be most promising given their specific targets based on putative mechanisms of action relevant specifically to BED. FINDINGS BED is characterized by elevated impulsivity and compulsivity compared with obesity, which is reflected in divergent neurobiological characteristics and effective pharmacotherapies. Therapeutic agents that influence both reward and executive function systems may be especially effective for BED. IMPLICATIONS Greater attention to impulsivity/compulsivity-related, reward-related, and emotion reactivity-related processes may enhance conceptualization and treatment approaches for patients with BED. Consideration of these distinguishing characteristics and processes could have implications for more targeted pharmacologic treatment research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Boswell
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University, Department of Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, USA
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45
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Lenze EJ, Nicol GE, Barbour DL, Kannampallil T, Wong AWK, Piccirillo J, Drysdale AT, Sylvester CM, Haddad R, Miller JP, Low CA, Lenze SN, Freedland KE, Rodebaugh TL. Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E97-E110. [PMID: 33206039 PMCID: PMC7955843 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of precision medicine (individually tailored treatments) is not being achieved for neurobehavioural conditions such as psychiatric disorders. Traditional randomized clinical trial methods are insufficient for advancing precision medicine because of the dynamic complexity of these conditions. We present a pragmatic solution: the precision clinical trial framework, encompassing methods for individually tailored treatments. This framework includes the following: (1) treatment-targeted enrichment, which involves measuring patients' response after a brief bout of an intervention, and then randomizing patients to a full course of treatment, using the acute response to predict long-term outcomes; (2) adaptive treatments, which involve adjusting treatment parameters during the trial to individually optimize the treatment; and (3) precise measurement, which involves measuring predictor and outcome variables with high accuracy and reliability using techniques such as ecological momentary assessment. This review summarizes precision clinical trials and provides a research agenda, including new biomarkers such as precision neuroimaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalogram digital phenotyping and advances in statistical and machine-learning models. Validation of these approaches - and then widespread incorporation of the precision clinical trial framework - could help achieve the vision of precision medicine for neurobehavioural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Lenze
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Ginger E Nicol
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Dennis L Barbour
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Thomas Kannampallil
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Alex W K Wong
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Jay Piccirillo
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Andrew T Drysdale
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Rita Haddad
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - J Philip Miller
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Carissa A Low
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Shannon N Lenze
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Kenneth E Freedland
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Thomas L Rodebaugh
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
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46
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Rösch SA, Schmidt R, Lührs M, Ehlis AC, Hesse S, Hilbert A. Evidence of fNIRS-Based Prefrontal Cortex Hypoactivity in Obesity and Binge-Eating Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 11:E19. [PMID: 33375315 PMCID: PMC7823505 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OB) and associated binge-eating disorder (BED) show increased impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. Albeit well-established in neuropsychiatric research, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has rarely been used to study OB and BED. Here, we investigated fNIRS-based food-specific brain signalling, its association with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation, and the temporal variability in individuals with OB with and without BED compared to an age- and sex-stratified normal weight (NW) group. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) responses were recorded in individuals with OB (n = 15), OB + BED (n = 13), and NW (n = 12) in a passive viewing and a response inhibition task. Impulsivity and emotional dysregulation were self-reported; anthropometrics were objectively measured. The OB and NW groups were measured twice 7 days apart. Relative to the NW group, the OB and OB + BED groups showed PFC hyporesponsivity across tasks, whereas there were few significant differences between the OB and OB + BED groups. Greater levels of impulsivity were significantly associated with stronger PFC responses, while more emotional dysregulation was significantly associated with lower PFC responses. Temporal differences were found in the left orbitofrontal cortex responses, yet in opposite directions in the OB and NW groups. This study demonstrated diminished fNIRS-based PFC responses across OB phenotypes relative to a NW group. The association between impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and PFC hypoactivity supports the assumption that BED constitutes a specific OB phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Rösch
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Michael Lührs
- Brain Innovation B.V., Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioural Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
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47
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Shearrer GE, Sadler JR, Papantoni A, Burger KS. Earlier onset of menstruation is related to increased body mass index in adulthood and altered functional correlations between visual, task control and somatosensory brain networks. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12891. [PMID: 32939874 PMCID: PMC8045982 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Later onset of puberty has been associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adulthood independent of childhood BMI. However, how the relationship between time of onset of puberty and BMI in adulthood is associated with neurocognitive outcomes is largely unstudied. In the present study, women were sampled from the Human Connectome Project 1200 parcellation, timeseries and netmats1 release (PTN) release. Inclusion criteria were: four (15 minutes) resting state fMRI scans, current measured BMI, self-reported age at onset of menstruation (a proxy of age at onset of puberty) and no endocrine complications (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome). The effect of age at onset of menstruation, measured BMI at scan date and the interaction of age at onset of menstruation by BMI on brain functional correlation was modelled using fslnets (https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLNets) controlling for race and age at scan. Corrected significance was set at a family-wise error probability (pFWE) < 0.05. A final sample of n = 510 (age 29.5 years ± 3.6, BMI at scan 25.9 ± 5.6 and age at onset of menstruation 12.7 ± 1.6 were included. Age at onset of menstruation was negatively associated with BMI at scan (r = - 0.19, P < 0.001). The interaction between age at onset of menstruation and BMI at scan was associated with stronger correlation between a somatosensory and visual network (t = 3.45, pFWE = 0.026) and a visual network and cingulo-opercular task control network (t = 4.74, pFWE = 0.0002). Post-hoc analyses of behavioural/cognitive measures showed no effect of the interaction between BMI and age at onset of menstruation on behavioural/cognitive measures. However, post-hoc analyses of heritability showed adult BMI and the correlation between the visual and somatosensory networks have high heritability. In sum, we report increased correlation between visual, taste-associated and self-control brain regions in women at high BMI with later age at onset of menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Shearrer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Sadler
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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48
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Best JR, Dao E, Churchill R, Cosco TD. Associations Between Physical Fitness and Brain Structure in Young Adulthood. Front Psychol 2020; 11:608049. [PMID: 33281692 PMCID: PMC7705380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of associations between physical fitness and brain structure in young adulthood is lacking, and further, it is unclear the degree to which associations between physical fitness and brain health can be attributed to a common genetic pathway or to environmental factors that jointly influences physical fitness and brain health. This study examined genotype-confirmed monozygotic and dizygotic twins, along with non-twin full-siblings to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation within, and covariation between, physical fitness and brain structure. Participants were 1,065 young adults between the ages of 22 and 36 from open-access Young Adult Human Connectome Project (YA-HCP). Physical fitness was assessed by submaximal endurance (2-min walk test), grip strength, and body mass index. Brain structure was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging on a Siemens 3T customized 'Connectome Skyra' at Washington University in St. Louis, using a 32-channel Siemens head coil. Acquired T1-weighted images provided measures of cortical surface area and thickness, and subcortical volume following processing by the YA-HCP structural FreeSurfer pipeline. Diffusion weighted imaging was acquired to assess white matter tract integrity, as measured by fractional anisotropy, following processing by the YA-HCP diffusion pipeline and tensor fit. Following correction for multiple testing, body mass index was negatively associated with fractional anisotropy in various white matter regions of interest (all | z| statistics > 3.9) and positively associated with cortical thickness within the right superior parietal lobe (z statistic = 4.6). Performance-based measures of fitness (i.e., endurance and grip strength) were not associated with any structural neuroimaging markers. Behavioral genetic analysis suggested that heritability of white matter integrity varied by region, but consistently explained >50% of the phenotypic variation. Heritability of right superior parietal thickness was large (∼75% variation). Heritability of body mass index was also fairly large (∼60% variation). Generally, 1 2 to 2 3 of the correlation between brain structure and body mass index could be attributed to heritability effects. Overall, this study suggests that greater body mass index is associated with lower white matter integrity, which may be due to common genetic effects that impact body composition and white matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Best
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Churchill
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore D. Cosco
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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49
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D'Ardenne K, Savage CR, Small D, Vainik U, Stoeckel LE. Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials: Initial Report. Front Psychol 2020; 11:554127. [PMID: 33117225 PMCID: PMC7557362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.554127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are known to be related to cognitive abilities. The Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials Project aimed to identify the key cognitive and perceptual domains in which performance can influence treatment outcomes, including predicting, mediating, and moderating treatment outcome and to generate neuropsychological batteries comprised of well-validated, easy-to-administer tests that best measure these key domains. The ultimate goal is to facilitate inclusion of neuropsychological measures in clinical studies and trials so that we can gather more information on potential mediators of obesity and diabetes treatment outcomes. We will present the rationale for the project and three options for the neuropsychological batteries to satisfy varying time and other administration constraints. Future directions are discussed. Preprint version of the document is available at https://osf.io/preprints/nutrixiv/7jygx/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee D'Ardenne
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Cary R Savage
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dana Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center (MDPRC), Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luke E Stoeckel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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50
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Higher BMI, but not obesity-related genetic polymorphisms, correlates with lower structural connectivity of the reward network in a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:491-501. [PMID: 33100325 PMCID: PMC7906899 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is of complex origin, involving genetic and neurobehavioral factors. Genetic polymorphisms may increase the risk for developing obesity by modulating dopamine-dependent behaviors, such as reward processing. Yet, few studies have investigated the association of obesity, related genetic variants, and structural connectivity of the dopaminergic reward network. METHODS We analyzed 347 participants (age range: 20-59 years, BMI range: 17-38 kg/m2) of the LIFE-Adult Study. Genotyping for the single nucleotid polymorphisms rs1558902 (FTO) and rs1800497 (near dopamine D2 receptor) was performed on a microarray. Structural connectivity of the reward network was derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using deterministic tractography of Freesurfer-derived regions of interest. Using graph metrics, we extracted summary measures of clustering coefficient and connectivity strength between frontal and striatal brain regions. We used linear models to test the association of BMI, risk alleles of both variants, and reward network connectivity. RESULTS Higher BMI was significantly associated with lower connectivity strength for number of streamlines (β = -0.0025, 95%-C.I.: [-0.004, -0.0008], p = 0.0042), and, to lesser degree, fractional anisotropy (β = -0.0009, 95%-C.I. [-0.0016, -0.00008], p = 0.031), but not clustering coefficient. Strongest associations were found for left putamen, right accumbens, and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. As expected, the polymorphism rs1558902 in FTO was associated with higher BMI (F = 6.9, p < 0.001). None of the genetic variants was associated with reward network structural connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide evidence that higher BMI correlates with lower reward network structural connectivity. This result is in line with previous findings of obesity-related decline in white matter microstructure. We did not observe an association of variants in FTO or near DRD2 receptor with reward network structural connectivity in this population-based cohort with a wide range of BMI and age. Future research should further investigate the link between genetics, obesity and fronto-striatal structural connectivity.
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