1
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Wei B, Yang F, Yu L, Qiu C. Crosstalk between SUMOylation and other post-translational modifications in breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:107. [PMID: 39127633 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most prevalent tumor type and a foremost cause of mortality among women globally. The complex pathophysiological processes of breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression are regulated by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are triggered by different carcinogenic factors and signaling pathways, with small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMOylation) emerging as a particularly pivotal player in this context. Recent studies have demonstrated that SUMOylation does not act alone, but interacts with other PTMs, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation, thereby leading to the regulation of various pathological activities in breast cancer. This review explores novel and existing mechanisms of crosstalk between SUMOylation and other PTMs. Typically, SUMOylation is regulated by phosphorylation to exert feedback control, while also modulates subsequent ubiquitination, acetylation, or methylation. The crosstalk pairs in promoting or inhibiting breast cancer are protein-specific and site-specific. In mechanism, alterations in amino acid side chain charges, protein conformations, or the occupation of specific sites at specific domains or sites underlie the complex crosstalk. In summary, this review centers on elucidating the crosstalk between SUMOylation and other PTMs in breast cancer oncogenesis and progression and discuss the molecular mechanisms contributing to these interactions, offering insights into their potential applications in facilitating novel treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajin Wei
- The Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cong Qiu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Dong J, Zheng X. SENP1 knockdown potentiates the apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reduces cisplatin resistance of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells via inducing ferroptosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:319-330. [PMID: 38708853 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been regarded as a critical event in the process of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) has emerged as an oncogene in multiple human malignancies. The present work was to investigate the effects of SENP1 on the progression of DLBCL and the possible regulatory mechanism involving ferroptosis. SENP1 expression in DLBCL tissues, parental and cisplatin-resistant DLBCL cells were, respectively, tested by GEPIA database, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. Cell viability was estimated via CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry analysis estimated cell apoptosis and cycle. Western blot examined the expression of apoptosis-, cell cycle-, and ferroptosis-associated proteins. TBARS assay and BODIPY 581/591 C11 probe measured lipid peroxidation. Related assay kit assessed total iron levels. CCK-8 and flow cytometry evaluated cisplatin resistance. SENP1 expression was raised in DLBCL tissues and cells. SENP1 knockdown reduced cell viability, boosted cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and elevated cisplatin sensitivity in DLBCL. SENP1 depletion drove the ferroptosis of both parental and cisplatin-resistant DLBCL cells and ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 reversed the influences of SENP1 inhibition on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cisplatin resistance in DLBCL. Anyway, SENP1 absence might facilitate ferroptosis to obstruct the development of DLBCL and cisplatin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Department of Hematology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350212, China
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3
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Sun L, Ma K, Zhang S, Gu J, Wang H, Tan L. SENP2 promotes ESCC proliferation through SETDB1 deSUMOylation and enhanced fatty acid metabolism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34010. [PMID: 39071660 PMCID: PMC11277386 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis, and its metabolic reprogramming mechanism remains unclear. Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO) -specific protease(SENP2) is highly related to fatty acids metabolism in some normal tissue. Thus, this study investigates the correlation between SENP2 and ESCC, and the possible mechanism. SENP2 expression was up-regulated in ESCC tissues compared to normal tissues, with high levels associated with poor overall survival rates. Knockdown of SENP2 inhibited ESCC proliferation, fatty acid uptake, and oxidation in vitro. RNA-seq indicated that SENP2 upregulated PPARγ, CPT1A, ACSL1, and CD36, through the deSUMOylation of SETDB1. SENP2 promotes ESCC proliferation and enhances fatty acid uptake and oxidation. High expression of SENP2 may be a poor prognostic biomarker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Li B, Xiong X, Xu J, Peng D, Nie G, Wen N, Wang Y, Lu J. METTL3-mediated m 6A modification of lncRNA TSPAN12 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through SENP1-depentent deSUMOylation of EIF3I. Oncogene 2024; 43:1050-1062. [PMID: 38374407 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In a previous study, we discovered that the level of lnc-TSPAN12 was significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated with a low survival rate. However, the function and mechanism of lnc-TSPAN12 in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in HCC remains poorly understood. This study demonstrates that lnc-TSPAN12 positively influences migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells in vitro and promotes hepatic metastasis in vivo. The modification of N6-methyladenosine, driven by METTL3, is essential for the stability of lnc-TSPAN12, which may partially contribute to the upregulation of lnc-TSPAN12. Mechanistically, lnc-TSPAN12 exhibits direct interactions with EIF3I and SENP1, acting as a scaffold to enhance the SENP1-EIF3I interaction. As a result, the SUMOylation of EIF3I is inhibited, preventing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Ultimately, this activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, stimulating EMT and metastasis in HCC. Our findings shed light on the regulatory mechanism of lnc-TSPAN12 in HCC metastasis and identify the lnc-TSPAN12-EIF3I/SENP1 axis as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianze Xiong
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingzhong Peng
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guilin Nie
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningyuan Wen
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoqun Wang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Lu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Lin M, Zhang M, Yi B, Chen J, Wen S, Chen R, Chen T, Li Z. Emerging role of SENP1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1354323. [PMID: 38389923 PMCID: PMC10882314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1354323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acting as a cysteine protease, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)/sentrin-specific protease1 (SENP1) involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes through processing the precursor SUMO protein into mature form and deSUMOylating target protein. It has been reported that SENP1 is highly expressed and plays a carcinogenic role in various cancers. In this paper, we mainly explore the function and mechanism of SENP1 in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, stemness, angiogenesis, metabolism and drug resistance. Furthermore, the research progress of SENP1 inhibitors for cancer treatment is introduced. This study aims to provide theoretical references for cancer therapy by targeting SENP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Bei Yi
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jinchi Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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6
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Claessens LA, Vertegaal ACO. SUMO proteases: from cellular functions to disease. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00002-3. [PMID: 38326147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is critical in regulating diverse cellular processes including gene expression, cell cycle progression, genome integrity, cellular metabolism, and inflammation and immunity. The covalent attachment of SUMOs to target proteins is highly dynamic and reversible through the concerted action of SUMO conjugating and deconjugating enzymes. In mammalian cells, sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) are the most abundant family of deconjugating enzymes. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of the substrates and cellular and physiological processes controlled by SENPs. Notably, SENPs are emerging as significant players in cancer, as well as in other diseases, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Consequently, a growing amount of effort in the field is being directed towards the development of SENP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Claessens
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Xu X, Mao Y, Feng Z, Dai F, Gu T, Zheng J. SENP1 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating ACSL4 protein stability via SUMO1. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:34. [PMID: 38186303 PMCID: PMC10777466 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently one of the most common malignancies with a poor prognosis worldwide. Meanwhile, small ubiquitin‑like modifier (SUMO) specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) was associated with ferroptosis. However, the specific functions and underlying mechanisms of action of SENP1 in ferroptosis and tumor progression of HNSCC remain to be established. The findings of the present study implicated a novel ferroptosis pathway in the initiation and progression of HNSCC, providing new functional targets to guide future therapy. In the present study, The Cancer Genome Atlas database was employed to establish a gene model related to ferroptosis and verified SENP1 as a key gene via transcriptome sequencing. Expression of SENP1 in HNSCC tissue and CAL‑27 cells was detected based on reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Proliferation and migration abilities of cells were determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8, wound healing and Transwell experiments. Expression levels of iron, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation end‑product malondialdehyde (MDA) under conditions of silencing of SENP1 with shRNA lentivirus were assayed. Additionally, the relationship between SENP1 and long‑chain acyl‑coenzyme A synthase 4 (ACSL4) was validated with the aid of immunoblotting and co‑immunoprecipitation (co‑IP). Finally, the influence of shSENP1 on the expression of key ferroptosis proteins, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11, was evaluated via western blotting. It was revealed that SENP1 was significantly overexpressed in HNSCC and associated with low patient survival. Silencing of SENP1 led to significant suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, increase in the contents of iron ions and MDA and decline in GSH levels in HNSCC cells, thereby enhancing ferroptosis and inhibiting disease progression. Conversely, overexpression of SENP1 suppressed ferroptosis and promoted progression of HNSCC. Co‑IP and western blot analyses revealed a SUMOylation link between SENP1 and ACSL4. SENP1 reduced the stability of ACSL4 protein through deSUMOylation, leading to inhibition of ferroptosis. SENP1 silencing further inhibited the expression of the key iron death protein, GPX4, to regulate ferroptosis. Taken together, SENP1 deficiency promoted ferroptosis and inhibited tumor progression through reduction of SUMOylation of ACSL4 in HNSCC. The collective results of the present study supported the utility of SENP1 as an effective predictive biomarker for targeted treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Xu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Mao
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Gu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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8
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Kang L, Wang X, Wang J, Guo J, Zhang W, Lei R. SENP1 knockdown-mediated CTCF SUMOylation enhanced its stability and alleviated lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblasts via regulation of FOXA2 transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130500. [PMID: 37914145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive inflammation is the main cause of treatment failure in neonatal pneumonia (NP). CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) represents an important node in various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we tried to clarify the function and underlying molecular mechanism of CTCF on an in vitro cellular model of NP, which was generated by simulating the human lung fibroblast cell line WI-38 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The SUMOylation level and protein interaction were verified by Co-immunoprecipitation assay. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Inflammatory factors were examined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. The binding activity of CTCF to target promoter was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS LPS treatment restrained cell viability, promoted the production of inflammatory factors, and enhanced cell apoptosis. CTCF overexpression played anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles. Furthermore, CTCF was modified by SUMOylation with small ubiquitin-like modifier protein 1 (SUMO1). Interfering with sumo-specific protease 1 (SENP1) facilitated CTCF SUMOylation and protein stability, thus suppressing LPS-evoked inflammatory and apoptotic injuries. Moreover, CTCF could bind to the forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) promoter region to promote FOXA2 expression. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles of CTCF are associated with FOXA2 activation. In addition, SENP1 knockdown increased FOXA2 expression by enhancing the abundance and binding ability of CTCF. CONCLUSIONS SUMOylation of CTCF by SENP1 knockdown enhanced its protein stability and binding ability and it further alleviated LPS-evoked inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblasts by positively regulating FOXA2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Henan Children's Hospital, 450000 Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruirui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
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9
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Mu M, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhao C, Li X, Chen Z, Sun X, Yu J. USP51 facilitates colorectal cancer stemness and chemoresistance by forming a positive feed-forward loop with HIF1A. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2393-2407. [PMID: 37816999 PMCID: PMC10657471 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we have shown that USP51 promotes colorectal cancer stemness and chemoresistance, and high expression of USP51 predicts survival disadvantage in colorectal cancer patients. Mechanically, USP51 directly binds to Elongin C (ELOC) and forms a larger functional complex with VHL E3 ligase (USP51/VHL/CUL2/ELOB/ELOC/RBX1) to regulate the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HIF1A. USP51 efficiently deubiquitinates HIF1A and activates hypoxia-induced gene transcription. Conversely, the activation of HIF1A under hypoxia transcriptionally upregulates the expression of USP51. Thus, USP51 and HIF1A form a positive feedback loop. Further, we found that the SUMOylation of ELOC at K32 inhibits its binding to USP51. SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) mediates the deSUMOylation of ELOC, promoting the binding of USP51 to ELOC and facilitating the deubiquitination and stabilization of HIF1A by USP51. Importantly, USP51 plays a crucial role in promoting the HIF1A and SENP1-dependent proliferation, migration, stemness, and chemoresistance under hypoxia in colorectal cancer. Together, our data revealed that USP51 is an oncogene stabilizing the pro-survival protein HIF1A, offering a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Mu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenye Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Hurd M, Pino J, Jang K, Allevato MM, Vorontchikhina M, Ichikawa W, Zhao Y, Gates R, Villalpando E, Hamilton MJ, Faiola F, Pan S, Qi Y, Hung YW, Girke T, Ann D, Seewaldt V, Martinez E. MYC acetylated lysine residues drive oncogenic cell transformation and regulate select genetic programs for cell adhesion-independent growth and survival. Genes Dev 2023; 37:865-882. [PMID: 37852796 PMCID: PMC10691474 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350736.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The MYC oncogenic transcription factor is acetylated by the p300 and GCN5 histone acetyltransferases. The significance of MYC acetylation and the functions of specific acetylated lysine (AcK) residues have remained unclear. Here, we show that the major p300-acetylated K148(149) and K157(158) sites in human (or mouse) MYC and the main GCN5-acetylated K323 residue are reversibly acetylated in various malignant and nonmalignant cells. Oncogenic overexpression of MYC enhances its acetylation and alters the regulation of site-specific acetylation by proteasome and deacetylase inhibitors. Acetylation of MYC at different K residues differentially affects its stability in a cell type-dependent manner. Lysine-to-arginine substitutions indicate that although none of the AcK residues is required for MYC stimulation of adherent cell proliferation, individual AcK sites have gene-specific functions controlling select MYC-regulated processes in cell adhesion, contact inhibition, apoptosis, and/or metabolism and are required for the malignant cell transformation activity of MYC. Each AcK site is required for anchorage-independent growth of MYC-overexpressing cells in vitro, and both the AcK148(149) and AcK157(158) residues are also important for the tumorigenic activity of MYC transformed cells in vivo. The MYC AcK site-specific signaling pathways identified may offer new avenues for selective therapeutic targeting of MYC oncogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hurd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Kay Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Michael M Allevato
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Marina Vorontchikhina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Wataru Ichikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Ryan Gates
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Emily Villalpando
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Michael J Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Francesco Faiola
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Songqin Pan
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Hung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Ernest Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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11
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Lemma RB, Ledsaak M, Fuglerud BM, Rodríguez-Castañeda F, Eskeland R, Gabrielsen OS. MYB regulates the SUMO protease SENP1 and its novel interaction partner UXT, modulating MYB target genes and the SUMO landscape. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105062. [PMID: 37468105 PMCID: PMC10463205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification frequently found on nuclear proteins, including transcription factors (TFs) and coactivators. By controlling the activity of several TFs, SUMOylation may have far-reaching effects. MYB is an example of a developmental TF subjected to SUMO-mediated regulation, through both SUMO conjugation and SUMO binding. How SUMO affects MYB target genes is unknown. Here, we explored the global effect of reduced SUMOylation of MYB on its downstream gene programs. RNA-Seq in K562 cells after MYB knockdown and rescue with mutants having an altered SUMO status revealed a number of differentially regulated genes and distinct gene ontology term enrichments. Clearly, the SUMO status of MYB both quantitatively and qualitatively affects its regulome. The transcriptome data further revealed that MYB upregulates the SUMO protease SENP1, a key enzyme that removes SUMO conjugation from SUMOylated proteins. Given this role of SENP1 in the MYB regulome, we expanded the analysis, mapped interaction partners of SENP1, and identified UXT as a novel player affecting the SUMO system by acting as a repressor of SENP1. MYB inhibits the expression of UXT suggesting that MYB is able not only to control a specific gene program directly but also indirectly by affecting the SUMO landscape through SENP1 and UXT. These findings suggest an autoactivation loop whereby MYB, through enhancing SENP1 and reducing UXT, is itself being activated by a reduced level of repressive SUMOylation. We propose that overexpressed MYB, seen in multiple cancers, may drive this autoactivation loop and contribute to oncogenic activation of MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Berhanu Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Ledsaak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Gu Y, Fang Y, Wu X, Xu T, Hu T, Xu Y, Ma P, Wang Q, Shu Y. The emerging roles of SUMOylation in the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:58. [PMID: 37415251 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapies depend to a great extent on interactions between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which denotes the cancerous/non-cancerous cells, cytokines, chemokines, and various other factors around tumors. Cancer cells as well as stroma cells can not only obtain adaption to the TME but also sculpt their microenvironment through a series of signaling pathways. The post-translational modification (PTM) of eukaryotic cells by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins is now recognized as a key flexible pathway. Proteins involved in tumorigenesis guiding several biological processes including chromatin organization, DNA repair, transcription, protein trafficking, and signal conduction rely on SUMOylation. The purpose of this review is to explore the role that SUMOylation plays in the TME formation and reprogramming, emphasize the importance of targeting SUMOylation to intervene in the TME and discuss the potential of SUMOylation inhibitors (SUMOi) in ameliorating tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyue Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Wu X, Li JH, Xu L, Li YX, Zhu XX, Wang XY, Wu X, Zhao W, Ni X, Yin XY. SUMO specific peptidase 3 halts pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis via deSUMOylating DKC1. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01175-4. [PMID: 37188742 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, advances in the outcomes of patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have lagged behind these gained in the treatment of many other malignancies. Although the pivotal role of the SUMO pathway in PDAC has been illustrated, the underlying molecule drivers have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified SENP3 as a potential suppressor of PDAC progression through an in vivo metastatic model. Further studies revealed that SENP3 inhibited PDAC invasion in a SUMO system dependent fashion. Mechanistically, SENP3 interacted with DKC1 and, as such, catalyzed the deSUMOylation of DKC1, which accepted SUMO3 modifiers at three lysine residues. SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation caused DKC1 instability and disruption of the interaction between snoRNP proteins, which contributed to the impaired migration ability of PDAC. Indeed, overexpression of DKC1 abated the anti-metastasis effect of SENP3, and DKC1 was elevated in PDAC specimens and associated with a poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Collectively, our findings shed light on the essential role of SENP3/DKC1 axis in the progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingmei Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xuhao Ni
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Peng S, Wang M, Zhang S, Liu N, Li Q, Kang J, Chen L, Li M, Pang K, Huang J, Lu F, Zhao D, Zhang W. Hydrogen sulfide regulates SERCA2a SUMOylation by S-Sulfhydration of SENP1 to ameliorate cardiac systole-diastole function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114200. [PMID: 36750014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that eventually progresses to heart failure. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), an important calcium pump in cardiomyocytes, is closely related to myocardial systolic-diastolic function. In mammalian cells, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a second messenger, antioxidant, and sulfurizing agent, is involved in diverse biological processes. Despite the importance of H2S for protection against DCM, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether H2S regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis by acting on SERCA2a to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis during DCM. Db/db mice were injected with NaHS for 18 weeks. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with high glucose, palmitate, oleate, and NaHS for 48 h. Compared to the NaHS-treated groups, in vivo and in vitro type 2 diabetic models both showed reduced intracellular H2S content, reduced cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) expression, impaired cardiac function, decreased SERCA2a expression and decreased SERCA2a activity, reduced SUMOylation of SERCA2a, increased sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) expression, and disruption of calcium homeostasis leading to activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Compared to the NaHS-treated type 2 diabetes cellular model, overexpression of SENP1 C683A reduced the S-sulfhydration of SENP1, reduced the SUMOylation of SERCA2a, reduced the increased expression and activity of SERCA2a, and induced mitochondrial apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. These results suggested that exogenous H2S elevates SENP1 S-sulfhydration to increase SERCA2a SUMOylation, improve myocardial systolic-diastolic function, and decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qianzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lingxue Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kemiao Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Dechao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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15
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When Just One Phosphate Is One Too Many: The Multifaceted Interplay between Myc and Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054746. [PMID: 36902175 PMCID: PMC10003727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc transcription factors are key regulators of many cellular processes, with Myc target genes crucially implicated in the management of cell proliferation and stem pluripotency, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Given the wide involvement of Myc in cellular dynamics, it is not surprising that its overexpression is frequently associated with cancer. Noteworthy, in cancer cells where high Myc levels are maintained, the overexpression of Myc-associated kinases is often observed and required to foster tumour cells' proliferation. A mutual interplay exists between Myc and kinases: the latter, which are Myc transcriptional targets, phosphorylate Myc, allowing its transcriptional activity, highlighting a clear regulatory loop. At the protein level, Myc activity and turnover is also tightly regulated by kinases, with a finely tuned balance between translation and rapid protein degradation. In this perspective, we focus on the cross-regulation of Myc and its associated protein kinases underlying similar and redundant mechanisms of regulation at different levels, from transcriptional to post-translational events. Furthermore, a review of the indirect effects of known kinase inhibitors on Myc provides an opportunity to identify alternative and combined therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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16
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Li Y, Carey TS, Feng CH, Zhu HM, Sun XX, Dai MS. The Ubiquitin-specific Protease USP36 Associates with the Microprocessor Complex and Regulates miRNA Biogenesis by SUMOylating DGCR8. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:459-470. [PMID: 36950067 PMCID: PMC10026737 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
miRNA biogenesis is a cellular process that produces mature miRNAs from their primary transcripts, pri-miRNAs, via two RNAse III enzyme complexes: the Drosha-DGCR8 microprocessor complex in the nucleus and the Dicer-TRBP complex in the cytoplasm. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNA biogenesis is tightly regulated by posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications and aberrant miRNA biogenesis is associated with various human diseases including cancer. DGCR8 has been shown to be modified by SUMOylation. Yet, the SUMO ligase mediating DGCR8 SUMOylation is currently unknown. Here, we report that USP36, a nucleolar ubiquitin-specific protease essential for ribosome biogenesis, is a novel regulator of DGCR8. USP36 interacts with the microprocessor complex and promotes DGCR8 SUMOylation, specifically modified by SUMO2. USP36-mediated SUMOylation does not affect the levels of DGCR8 and the formation of the Drosha-DGCR8 complex, but promotes the binding of DGCR8 to pri-miRNAs. Consistently, abolishing DGCR8 SUMOylation significantly attenuates its binding to pri-miRNAs and knockdown of USP36 attenuates pri-miRNA processing, resulting in marked reduction of tested mature miRNAs. Induced expression of a SUMOylation-defective mutant of DGCR8 inhibits cell proliferation. Together, these results suggest that USP36 plays an important role in regulating miRNA biogenesis by SUMOylating DGCR8. Significance This study identifies that USP36 mediates DGCR8 SUMOylation by SUMO2 and is critical for miRNA biogenesis. As USP36 is frequently overexpressed in various human cancers, our study suggests that deregulated USP36-miRNA biogenesis pathway may contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Timothy S. Carey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine H. Feng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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17
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Karadkhelkar NM, Lin M, Eubanks LM, Janda KD. Demystifying the Druggability of the MYC Family of Oncogenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3259-3269. [PMID: 36734615 PMCID: PMC10182829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The MYC family of oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHLZ) transcriptional regulator that is responsible for moving the cell through the restriction point. Through the HLHZIP domain, MYC heterodimerizes with the bHLHLZ protein MAX, which enables this MYC-MAX complex to bind to E-box regulatory DNA elements thereby controlling transcription of a large group of genes and their proteins. Translationally, MYC is one of the foremost oncogenic targets, and deregulation of expression of the MYC family gene/proteins occurs in over half of all human tumors and is recognized as a hallmark of cancer initiation and maintenance. Additionally, unexpected roles for this oncoprotein have been found in cancers that nominally have a non-MYC etiology. Although MYC is rarely mutated, its gain of function in cancer results from overexpression or from amplification. Moreover, MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor possessing broad pathogenic prominence making it a coveted cancer target. A widely held notion within the biomedical research community is that the reliable modulation of MYC represents a tremendous therapeutic opportunity given its role in directly potentiating oncogenesis. However, the MYC-MAX heterodimer interaction contains a large surface area with a lack of well-defined binding sites creating the perception that targeting of MYC-MAX is forbidding. Here, we discuss the biochemistry behind MYC and MYC-MAX as it relates to cancer progression associated with these transcription factors. We also discuss the notion that MYC should no longer be regarded as undruggable, providing examples that a therapeutic window is achievable despite global MYC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant M. Karadkhelkar
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mingliang Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lisa M. Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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18
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Gao Q, Wang S, Zhang Z. E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 prevents colorectal cancer by reducing the stability of the YY1 protein and inhibiting the SENP1/c-myc axis. Gene Ther 2023; 30:51-63. [PMID: 34545207 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association between E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been identified, while the mechanism remains undefined. Tumor-promoting gene YY1 represents a downstream factor of SMURF2. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of SMURF2 on the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells and the underlying mechanism. The expression pattern of SMURF2 and YY1 in CRC clinical tissues and cells was characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the effect of SMURF2 and YY1 on the behaviors of CRC cells. After bioinformatics analysis, the relationship between YY1 and SENP1 as well as between SENP1 and c-myc was determined by luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. Rescue experiments were performed to show their involvement during CRC progression. Finally, in vivo models of tumor growth were established for validation. SMURF2 was lowly expressed and YY1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. YY1 overexpression resulted in promotion of CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which could be reversed by SMURF2. Furthermore, SMURF2 could induce ubiquitination-mediated degradation of YY1, which bound to the SENP1 promoter and upregulated SENP1 expression, leading to enhancement of c-myc expression. The in vivo data revealed the suppressive role of SMURF2 gain-of-function in tumor growth through downregulation of YY1, SENP1, or c-myc. Altogether, our data demonstrate the antitumor activity of SMURF2 in CRC and the anti-tumor mechanism associated with degradation of YY1 and downregulation of SENP1/c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfu Gao
- Anorectal Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, PR China
| | - Shanchao Wang
- Anorectal Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, PR China
| | - Zeyan Zhang
- Anorectal Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, PR China.
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19
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Son SH, Kim MY, Lim YS, Jin HC, Shin JH, Yi JK, Choi S, Park MA, Chae JH, Kang HC, Lee YJ, Uversky VN, Kim CG. SUMOylation-mediated PSME3-20 S proteasomal degradation of transcription factor CP2c is crucial for cell cycle progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4969. [PMID: 36706181 PMCID: PMC9882985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor CP2c (also known as TFCP2, α-CP2, LSF, and LBP-1c) is involved in diverse ubiquitous and tissue/stage-specific cellular processes and in human malignancies such as cancer. Despite its importance, many fundamental regulatory mechanisms of CP2c are still unclear. Here, we uncover an unprecedented mechanism of CP2c degradation via a previously unidentified SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome pathway and its biological meaning. CP2c is SUMOylated in a SUMO1-dependent way, and SUMOylated CP2c is degraded through the ubiquitin-independent PSME3 (also known as REGγ or PA28)/20S proteasome system. SUMOylated PSME3 could also interact with CP2c to degrade CP2c via the 20S proteasomal pathway. Moreover, precisely timed degradation of CP2c via the SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome axis is required for accurate progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, we reveal a unique SUMO1-mediated uncanonical 20S proteasome degradation mechanism via the SUMO1/PSME3 axis involving mutual SUMO-SIM interaction of CP2c and PSME3, providing previously unidentified mechanistic insights into the roles of dynamic degradation of CP2c in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Su Lim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Yi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul 04763, Korea
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20
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Li X, Fu X, Li H, Gao Y, Wang W, Liu Z, Shen Y. Leptin accelerates BMSC transformation into vertebral epiphyseal plate chondrocytes by activating SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation of SIRT3. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:293-306. [PMID: 36537765 PMCID: PMC9900084 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of multidirectional differentiation, and engrafted BMSCs can be used to replace damaged chondrocytes for treatment of intervertebral disc disease. However, chondroblast differentiation of implanted BMSCs is inhibited by the anoxic environment of the articular cavity. Here, we found that leptin enhanced the transformation of BMSCs into chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions. BMSCs isolated from mice were cultured in medium supplemented with leptin under hypoxia. The expression of MFN1/2 and OPA1 were increased only in BMSCs cultured in an anoxic environment. In addition, in hypoxic environments cell energy metabolism relies on glycolysis regulated by leptin, rather than by mitochondrial oxidation. The expression of the de-SUMOylation protease SENP1 was elevated, leading to SIRT3-mediated activation of PGC-1α; these processes were regulated by CREB phosphorylation, and promoted mitochondrial fusion and cell differentiation. The chondrogenic activity of BMSCs isolated from SIRT3-knockout mice was lower than that of BMSCs isolated from wildtype mice. Implantation of SIRT3-knockout murine-derived BMSCs did not significantly improve the articular cartilage layer of the disc. In conclusion, the hypoxic microenvironment promoted BMSC differentiation into chondrocytes, whereas osteoblast differentiation was inhibited. SENP1 activated SIRT3 through the deSUMOylation of mitochondria and eliminated the antagonistic effect of SIRT3 acetylation on phosphorylation. When phosphorylation activity of CREB was increased, phosphorylated CREB is then transferred to the nucleus, affecting PGC-1α. This promotes mitochondrial fusion and differentiation of BMSCs. Leptin not only maintains chondrogenic differentiation homeostasis of BMSCs, but also provides energy for differentiation of BMSCs under hypoxic conditions through glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Yingjian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Zude Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityChina
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21
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Zhang FL, Yang SY, Liao L, Zhang TM, Zhang YL, Hu SY, Deng L, Huang MY, Andriani L, Ma XY, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Dynamic SUMOylation of MORC2 orchestrates chromatin remodelling and DNA repair in response to DNA damage and drives chemoresistance in breast cancer. Theranostics 2023; 13:973-990. [PMID: 36793866 PMCID: PMC9925317 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SUMOylation regulates a plethora of biological processes, and its inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials as anticancer agents. Thus, identifying new targets with site-specific SUMOylation and defining their biological functions will not only provide new mechanistic insights into the SUMOylation signaling but also open an avenue for developing new strategy for cancer therapy. MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin-remodeling enzyme with an emerging role in the DNA damage response (DDR), but its regulatory mechanism remains enigmatic. Methods: In vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays were used to determine the SUMOylation levels of MORC2. Overexpression and knockdown of SUMO-associated enzymes were used to detect their effects on MORC2 SUMOylation. The effect of dynamic MORC2 SUMOylation on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs was examined through in vitro and in vivo functional assays. Immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, MNase, and chromatin segregation assays were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: Here, we report that MORC2 is modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) and SUMO2/3 at lysine 767 (K767) in a SUMO-interacting motif dependent manner. MORC2 SUMOylation is induced by SUMO E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) and reversed by deSUMOylase sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1). Intriguingly, SUMOylation of MORC2 is decreased at the early stage of DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs that attenuate the interaction of MORC2 with TRIM28. MORC2 deSUMOylation induces transient chromatin relaxation to enable efficient DNA repair. At the relatively late stage of DNA damage, MORC2 SUMOylation is restored, and SUMOylated MORC2 interacts with protein kinase CSK21 (casein kinase II subunit alpha), which in turn phosphorylates DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit), thus promoting DNA repair. Notably, expression of a SUMOylation-deficient mutant MORC2 or administration of SUMO inhibitor enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism of MORC2 by SUMOylation and reveal the intricate dynamics of MORC2 SUMOylation important for proper DDR. We also propose a promising strategy to sensitize MORC2-driven breast tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs by inhibition of the SUMO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Liao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tai-Mei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Ling Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min-Ying Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lisa Andriani
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhu Q, Liang P, Chu C, Zhang A, Zhou W. Protein sumoylation in normal and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1095142. [PMID: 36601585 PMCID: PMC9806136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1095142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation play pivotal roles in normal tissues and malignant tumors. Whereas stem cells are supposed to be genetically identical to their non-stem cell counterparts, cell stemness is deliberately regulated by a dynamic network of molecular mechanisms. Reversible post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are rapid and reversible non-genetic processes that regulate essentially all physiological and pathological process. Numerous studies have reported the involvement of post-translational protein modifications in the acquirement and maintenance of cell stemness. Recent studies underscore the importance of protein sumoylation, i.e., the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO), as a critical post-translational protein modification in the stem cell populations in development and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the functions of protein sumoylation in different kinds of normal and cancer stem cells. In addition, we describe the upstream regulators and the downstream effectors of protein sumoylation associated with cell stemness. We also introduce the translational studies aiming at sumoylation to target stem cells for disease treatment. Finally, we propose future directions for sumoylation studies in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhu
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuiying Chu
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Aili Zhang, ; Wenchao Zhou,
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Aili Zhang, ; Wenchao Zhou,
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23
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Vidal S, Bouzaher YH, El Motiam A, Seoane R, Rivas C. Overview of the regulation of the class IA PI3K/AKT pathway by SUMO. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:51-61. [PMID: 34753687 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is a major regulator of metabolism, migration, survival, proliferation, and antiviral immunity. Both an overactivation and an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway are related to different pathologies. Activation of this signaling pathway is tightly controlled through a multistep process and its deregulation can be associated with aberrant post-translational modifications including SUMOylation. Here, we review the complex modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by SUMOylation and we discuss its putative incvolvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yanis Hichem Bouzaher
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ahmed El Motiam
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health Systems, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, and Department of Lab Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Rocío Seoane
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Li H, Chen L, Li Y, Hou W. SUMO-specific protease 1 inhibitors-A literature and patent overview. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1207-1216. [PMID: 36631420 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2165910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is currently one of the biggest killers threatening human health. More and more studies have confirmed that SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is over-expressed in various cancer tissues. Therefore, targeting SENP1 expression may become a new strategy for tumor therapy. AREAS COVERED This review reports the latest advances in literature and patents on SENP1 inhibitor development over the past 10 years. With SENP1 as the keyword, articles and patents from PubMed, Google scholar and ScienceDirect databases were covered. EXPERT OPINION The available complex crystal structures of SENP1-SUMO1, afforded structure-based drug design opportunities, which led to the development of various isoform-selective small molecule inhibitors belonging to diverse classes (derivatives of benzamides, naphthalenesulfonic acids, pyridones, and the like). Preclinical studies have initially shown the potential advantages of these compounds, which have certain significance for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Leyuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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25
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Wei J, Wang H, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang J, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Recent research and development of inhibitors targeting sentrin-specific protease 1 for the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114650. [PMID: 35939992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)/sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1), is a cysteine protease that promotes SUMO maturation and deSUMOylation of target proteins and regulates transcription factors or co-regulatory factors to mediate gene transcription. Many studies have shown that SENP1 is the driving factor for a multitude of cancers including prostate cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer. Inhibition of SENP1 activity has been proved to inhibit the survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells, and increase their chemical and radiation sensitivity. Therefore, SENP1 is a promising anti-tumor target. At present, peptide inhibitors of SENP1 have entered clinical trials. Recently, many small molecule compounds and natural products were synthesized and identified as SENP1 inhibitors, and showed good tumor inhibitory activity in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the structure, physiological function, and role of SENP1 in tumorigenesis and development, focusing on the design and discovery of small molecule inhibitors of SENP1 from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, providing ideas for the development and research of small molecule inhibitors of SENP1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qinwen Zheng
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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26
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Lee MH, Sung K, Beebe D, Huang W, Shapiro D, Miyamoto S, Abel EJ. The SUMO protease SENP1 promotes aggressive behaviors of high HIF2α expressing renal cell carcinoma cells. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:65. [PMID: 36284084 PMCID: PMC9596416 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While an important role for the SUMO protease SENP1 is recognized in multiple solid cancers, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis, particularly the most dominant subtype, clear cell RCC (ccRCC), is poorly understood. Here we show that a combination of high HIF2α and SENP1 expression in ccRCC samples predicts poor patient survival. Using ccRCC cell models that express high HIF2α but low SENP1, we show that overexpression of SENP1 reduces sumoylation and ubiquitination of HIF2α, increases HIF2α transcriptional activity, and enhances expression of genes associated with cancer cell invasion, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Accordingly, ccRCC cells with high HIF2α and SENP1 showed increased invasion and sphere formation in vitro, and local invasion and metastasis in vivo. Finally, SENP1 overexpression caused high HIF2α ccRCC cells to acquire resistance to a clinical mTOR inhibitor, everolimus. These results reveal a combination of high SENP1 and HIF2α expression gives particularly poor prognosis for ccRCC patients and suggest that SENP1 may be an attractive new target for treating metastatic RCC (mRCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Kyung Sung
- grid.290496.00000 0001 1945 2072Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, the U.S. FDA, White Oak, MD 20993 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - David Beebe
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA ,grid.412639.b0000 0001 2191 1477University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Wei Huang
- grid.412639.b0000 0001 2191 1477University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Dan Shapiro
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA ,grid.412639.b0000 0001 2191 1477University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- grid.412639.b0000 0001 2191 1477University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - E. Jason Abel
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA ,grid.412639.b0000 0001 2191 1477University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705 USA
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27
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Multiple-Site SUMOylation of FMDV 3C Protease and Its Negative Role in Viral Replication. J Virol 2022; 96:e0061222. [PMID: 36005757 PMCID: PMC9472655 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00612-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation represents an important cellular process that regulates the activities of numerous host proteins as well as of many invasive viral proteins. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the first animal virus discovered. However, whether SUMOylation takes place during FMDV infection and what role it plays in FMDV pathogenesis have not been investigated. In the present study, we demonstrated that SUMOylation suppressed FMDV replication by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection coupled with pharmaceutical inhibition of SUMOylation, which was further confirmed by increased virus replication for SUMOylation-deficient FMDV with mutations in 3C protease, a target of SUMOylation. Moreover, we provided evidence that four lysine residues, Lys-51, -54, -110, and -159, worked together to confer the SUMOylation to the FMDV 3C protease, which may make SUMOylation of FMDV 3C more stable and improve the host's chance of suppressing the replication of FMDV. This is the first report that four lysine residues can be alternatively modified by SUMOylation. Finally, we showed that SUMOylation attenuated the cleavage ability, the inhibitory effect of the interferon signaling pathway, and the protein stability of FMDV 3C, which appeared to correlate with a decrease in FMDV replication. Taken together, the results of our experiments describe a novel cellular regulatory event that significantly restricts FMDV replication through the SUMOylation of 3C protease. IMPORTANCE FMD is a highly contagious and economically important disease in cloven-hoofed animals. SUMOylation, the covalent linkage of a small ubiquitin-like protein to a variety of substrate proteins, has emerged as an important posttranslational modification that plays multiple roles in diverse biological processes. In this study, four lysine residues of FMDV 3C were found to be alternatively modified by SUMOylation. In addition, we demonstrated that SUMOylation attenuated FMDV 3C function through multiple mechanisms, including cleavage ability, the inhibitory effect of the interferon signaling pathway, and protein stability, which, in turn, resulted in a decrease of FMDV replication. Our findings indicate that SUMOylation of FMDV 3C serves as a host cell defense against FMDV replication. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this process should offer novel insights to design an effective strategy to control the dissemination of FMDV in animals.
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28
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Cancer-Associated Dysregulation of Sumo Regulators: Proteases and Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148012. [PMID: 35887358 PMCID: PMC9316396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that has emerged in recent decades as a mechanism involved in controlling diverse physiological processes and that is essential in vertebrates. The SUMO pathway is regulated by several enzymes, proteases and ligases being the main actors involved in the control of sumoylation of specific targets. Dysregulation of the expression, localization and function of these enzymes produces physiological changes that can lead to the appearance of different types of cancer, depending on the enzymes and target proteins involved. Among the most studied proteases and ligases, those of the SENP and PIAS families stand out, respectively. While the proteases involved in this pathway have specific SUMO activity, the ligases may have additional functions unrelated to sumoylation, which makes it more difficult to study their SUMO-associated role in cancer process. In this review we update the knowledge and advances in relation to the impact of dysregulation of SUMO proteases and ligases in cancer initiation and progression.
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29
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Vertegaal ACO. Signalling mechanisms and cellular functions of SUMO. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:715-731. [PMID: 35750927 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that is catalysed by a small number of modifying enzymes but regulates thousands of target proteins in a dynamic manner. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) can be attached to target proteins as one or more monomers or in the form of polymers of different types. Non-covalent readers recognize SUMO-modified proteins via SUMO interaction motifs. SUMO simultaneously modifies groups of functionally related proteins to regulate predominantly nuclear processes, including gene expression, the DNA damage response, RNA processing, cell cycle progression and proteostasis. Recent progress has increased our understanding of the cellular and pathophysiological roles of SUMO modifications, extending their functions to the regulation of immunity, pluripotency and nuclear body assembly in response to oxidative stress, which partly occurs through the recently characterized mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation. Such progress in understanding the roles and regulation of sumoylation opens new avenues for the targeting of SUMO to treat disease, and indeed the first drug blocking sumoylation is currently under investigation in clinical trials as a possible anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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30
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Gomarasca M, Lombardi G, Maroni P. SUMOylation and NEDDylation in Primary and Metastatic Cancers to Bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:889002. [PMID: 35465332 PMCID: PMC9020829 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.889002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications comprise series of enzymatically-driven chemical modifications, virtually involving the entire cell proteome, that affect the fate of a target protein and, in turn, cell activity. Different classes of modifications can be established ranging from phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, lipidation and their inverse reactions. Among these, SUMOylation and NEDDylation are ubiquitin-like multi-enzymatic processes that determine the bound of SUMOs and NEDD8 labels, respectively, on defined amino acidic residues of a specific protein and regulate protein function. As fate-determinants of several effectors and mediators, SUMOylation and NEDDylation play relevant roles in many aspects of tumor cell biology. Bone represents a preferential site of metastasis for solid tumors (e.g., breast and prostate cancers) and the primary site of primitive tumors (e.g., osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma). Deregulation of SUMOylation and NEDDylation affects different aspects of neoplastic transformation and evolution such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, adaptation to hypoxia, expression and action of tumor suppressors and oncogenic mediators, and drug resistance. Thereby, they represent potential therapeutic targets. This narrative review aims at describing the involvement and regulation of SUMOylation and NEDDylation in tumor biology, with a specific focus on primary and secondary bone tumors, and to summarize and highlight their potentiality in diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi,
| | - Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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Xu Y, Yu Q, Wang P, Wu Z, Zhang L, Wu S, Li M, Wu B, Li H, Zhuang H, Zhang X, Huang Y, Gan X, Xu R. A Selective Small-Molecule c-Myc Degrader Potently Regresses Lethal c-Myc Overexpressing Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104344. [PMID: 35048559 PMCID: PMC8922104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
MYC oncogene is involved in the majority of human cancers and is often associated with poor outcomes, rendering it an extraordinarily desirable target, but therapeutic targeting of c-Myc protein has been a challenge for >30 years. Here, WBC100, a novel oral active molecule glue that selectively degrades c-Myc protein over other proteins and potently kills c-Myc overexpressing cancer cells is reported. WBC100 targets the nuclear localization signal 1 (NLS1)-Basic-nuclear localization signal 2 (NLS2) region of c-Myc and induces c-Myc protein degradation through ubiquitin E3 ligase CHIP mediated 26S proteasome pathway, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. In vivo, WBC100 potently regresses multiple lethal c-Myc overexpressing tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic, and gastric cancers with good tolerability in multiple xenograft mouse models. Identification of the NLS1-Basic-NLS2 region as a druggable pocket for targeting the "undruggable" c-Myc protein and that single-agent WBC100 potently regresses c-Myc overexpressing tumors through selective c-Myc proteolysis opens new perspectives for pharmacologically intervening c-Myc in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Qingfeng Yu
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Zhaoxing Wu
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Shuigao Wu
- Weben PharmaceuticalsHangzhou310051China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Molecular MedicineBeckman Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Haifeng Zhuang
- Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310009China
| | - Xuzhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Yu Huang
- Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310053China
| | | | - Rongzhen Xu
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionChina National Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical SciencesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China
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32
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Peng Y, Liu H, Liu J, Long J. Post-translational modifications on mitochondrial metabolic enzymes in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:11-23. [PMID: 34929314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell. The research of nearly a century has expanded our understanding of mitochondrion, far beyond the view that mitochondrion is an important energy generator of cells. During the initiation, growth and survival of tumor cells, significant mitochondrial metabolic changes have taken place in the important enzymes of respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, oxidative stress regulation and molecular signaling. Therefore, mitochondrial metabolic proteins are the key mediators of tumorigenesis. Post-translational modification is the molecular switch that regulates protein function. Understanding how these mitochondria-related post-translational modification function during tumorigenesis will bring new ideas for the next generation of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Zhang G, Zou J, Shi J, Qian B, Qiu K, Liu Q, Xie T, He Z, Xu H, Liao Y, Wu Y, Li Y, Xiao G, Yuan Y, Xiao R, Wu G, Zou X. Knockdown of ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2 promotes apoptosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1067. [PMID: 34753901 PMCID: PMC8578554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in the development of tumors. Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2 (UBA2) is an important member of the SUMO modification system; however, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the expression and function of UBA2 in ccRCC. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of UBA2 were found to be higher in ccRCC than in normal renal tissues and significantly related to the tumor size, Fuhrman grade, and tumor stage. UBA2 knockdown inhibited ccRCC cell growth, promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and decreased the abundance of a p53 mutant, c-Myc, and key enzymes of the SUMO modification system. Meanwhile, overexpression of UBA2 had the opposite effects. Overexpression of the p53 mutant or c-Myc alleviated the effects of UBA2 knockdown on ccRCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, targeting UBA2 may have a therapeutic potential against ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Jinglin Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Kaiyang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Wan'an People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343800, China
| | - Quanliang Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Tianpeng Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zhihua He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yunfeng Liao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Guancheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yuanhu Yuan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Rihai Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Gengqing Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
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Liu JY, Chen YJ, Feng HH, Chen ZL, Wang YL, Yang JE, Zhuang SM. LncRNA SNHG17 interacts with LRPPRC to stabilize c-Myc protein and promote G1/S transition and cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:970. [PMID: 34671012 PMCID: PMC8528917 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic c-Myc is a master regulator of G1/S transition. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerge as new regulators of various cell activities. Here, we found that lncRNA SnoRNA Host Gene 17 (SNHG17) was elevated at the early G1-phase of cell cycle. Both gain- and loss-of function studies disclosed that SNHG17 increased c-Myc protein level, accelerated G1/S transition and cell proliferation, and consequently promoted tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the 1-150-nt of SNHG17 physically interacted with the 1035-1369-aa of leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) protein, and disrupting this interaction abrogated the promoting role of SNHG17 in c-Myc expression, G1/S transition, and cell proliferation. The effect of SNHG17 in stimulating cell proliferation was attenuated by silencing c-Myc or LRPPRC. Furthermore, silencing SNHG17 or LRPPRC increased the level of ubiquitylated c-Myc and reduced the stability of c-Myc protein. Analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues revealed that SNHG17, LRPPRC, and c-Myc were significantly upregulated in HCC, and they showed a positive correlation with each other. High level of SNHG17 or LRPPRC was associated with worse survival of HCC patients. These data suggest that SNHG17 may inhibit c-Myc ubiquitination and thus enhance c-Myc level and facilitate proliferation by interacting with LRPPRC. Our findings identify a novel SNHG17-LRPPRC-c-Myc regulatory axis and elucidate its roles in G1/S transition and tumor growth, which may provide potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Hui Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Li Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jin-E Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xin Gang Xi Road 135#, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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35
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Carroll PA, Freie BW, Cheng PF, Kasinathan S, Gu H, Hedrich T, Dowdle JA, Venkataramani V, Ramani V, Wu X, Raftery D, Shendure J, Ayer DE, Muller CH, Eisenman RN. The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX balances metabolism and stress to suppress apoptosis and maintain spermatogenesis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001085. [PMID: 34669700 PMCID: PMC8528285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Male germ cell (GC) production is a metabolically driven and apoptosis-prone process. Here, we show that the glucose-sensing transcription factor (TF) MAX-Like protein X (MLX) and its binding partner MondoA are both required for male fertility in the mouse, as well as survival of human tumor cells derived from the male germ line. Loss of Mlx results in altered metabolism as well as activation of multiple stress pathways and GC apoptosis in the testes. This is concomitant with dysregulation of the expression of male-specific GC transcripts and proteins. Our genomic and functional analyses identify loci directly bound by MLX involved in these processes, including metabolic targets, obligate components of male-specific GC development, and apoptotic effectors. These in vivo and in vitro studies implicate MLX and other members of the proximal MYC network, such as MNT, in regulation of metabolism and differentiation, as well as in suppression of intrinsic and extrinsic death signaling pathways in both spermatogenesis and male germ cell tumors (MGCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Carroll
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Freie
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pei Feng Cheng
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sivakanthan Kasinathan
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theresa Hedrich
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James A. Dowdle
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijay Ramani
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Donald E. Ayer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Charles H. Muller
- Male Fertility Lab, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Eisenman
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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Wang L, Qian J, Yang Y, Gu C. Novel insights into the impact of the SUMOylation pathway in hematological malignancies (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:73. [PMID: 34368858 PMCID: PMC8360622 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system serves an important role in the regulation of protein stability and function. SUMOylation sustains the homeostatic equilibrium of protein function in normal tissues and numerous types of tumor. Accumulating evidence has revealed that SUMO enzymes participate in carcinogenesis via a series of complex cellular or extracellular processes. The present review outlines the physiological characteristics of the SUMOylation pathway and provides examples of SUMOylation participation in different cancer types, including in hematological malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma). It has been indicated that the SUMO pathway may influence chromosomal instability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and chemical drug resistance. The present review also discussed the possible relationship between SUMOylation and carcinogenic mechanisms, and evaluated their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Developing and investigating inhibitors of SUMO conjugation in the future may offer promising potential as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
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Abstract
Detection of post-translational modifications in c-Myc is an invaluable tool in assessing Myc status, particularly in cancer. However, it can be challenging to detect these modifications. The evaluation of phosphorylation status of c-Myc can also be challenging with the current commercially available phosphorylation sensitive antibodies. Here, we describe protocols for the immunoprecipitation of endogenous c-Myc to probe for phosphorylation status, as well as the detection of ubiquitination and SUMOylation on c-Myc. We will also discuss the challenges of detecting phosphorylated c-Myc in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by immunofluorescence and describe a protocol using a new rat monoclonal antibody we have generated suitable for this purpose.
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Sun XX, Li Y, Sears RC, Dai MS. Targeting the MYC Ubiquitination-Proteasome Degradation Pathway for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679445. [PMID: 34178666 PMCID: PMC8226175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated MYC overexpression and activation contributes to tumor growth and progression. Given the short half-life and unstable nature of the MYC protein, it is not surprising that the oncoprotein is highly regulated via diverse posttranslational mechanisms. Among them, ubiquitination dynamically controls the levels and activity of MYC during normal cell growth and homeostasis, whereas the disturbance of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination balance enables unwanted MYC stabilization and activation. In addition, MYC is also regulated by SUMOylation which crosstalks with the ubiquitination pathway and controls MYC protein stability and activity. In this mini-review, we will summarize current updates regarding MYC ubiquitination and provide perspectives about these MYC regulators as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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40
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Xianjun F, Xirui X, Jie T, Huiwen M, Shaojun Z, Qiaoyun L, Yunxin L, Xuqun S. Momordin Ic induces G0/1 phase arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells by suppressing SENP1/c-MYC signaling pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:249-258. [PMID: 34049792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordin Ic (MI) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid enriched in various Chinese natural medicines such as the fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Studies have shown that MI presents antitumor properties in liver and prostate cancers. However, the activity and potential mechanisms of MI against colorectal cancer remain elusive. Here, we showed that MI inhibited cell proliferation with G0/1 phase cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. Moreover, it was observed that MI increased apoptosis compared to untreated cells. Further investigation showed that the SUMOylation of c-Myc was enhanced by MI and led to the down-regulated protein level of c-Myc, which is involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. SENP1 has been demonstrated to be critical for the SUMOylation of c-Myc. Meanwhile, knockdown of SENP1 by siRNA abolished the effects of MI on c-Myc level and cell viability in colon cancer cells. Together, these results revealed that MI exerted an anti-tumor activity in colon cancer cells via SENP1/c-Myc signaling pathway. These finding provide an insight into the potential of MI for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xianjun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Xian Xirui
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Tang Jie
- Controlled Release Pharmaceutical Preparation Laboratory of Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, Hefei, 230000, PR China
| | - Mu Huiwen
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zheng Shaojun
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ling Qiaoyun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Liu Yunxin
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Sun Xuqun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China.
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41
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Zhang A, Tao W, Zhai K, Fang X, Huang Z, Yu JS, Sloan AE, Rich JN, Zhou W, Bao S. Protein sumoylation with SUMO1 promoted by Pin1 in glioma stem cells augments glioblastoma malignancy. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1809-1821. [PMID: 32592588 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumorigenic potential of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is associated with multiple reversible molecular alternations, but the role of posttranslational protein sumoylation in GSCs has not been elucidated. The development of GSC-targeting drugs relies on the discovery of GSC-preferential molecular modifications and the relevant signaling pathways. In this work, we investigated the protein sumoylation status, the major sumoylated substrate, and the key regulatory enzyme in GSCs to explore the therapeutic potential of disrupting protein sumoylation for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. METHODS Patient-derived GSCs, primary GBM sections, and intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine protein sumoylation and the related molecular mechanisms by immunoblot, quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic GBM xenograft models were applied to investigate the inhibition of tumor growth by disrupting protein sumoylation with short hairpin (sh)RNAs or molecular inhibitors. RESULTS We show that high levels of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1)-but not SUMO2/3-modified sumoylation are preferentially present in GSCs. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is a major SUMO1-sumoylated substrate in GSCs, whose sumoylation facilitates its interaction with c-Myc to stabilize c-Myc proteins. The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and functions as the key enzyme to promote SUMO1 sumoylation. Disruption of SUMO1 sumoylation by Pin1 silencing with shRNAs or inhibition with its inhibitor Juglone markedly abrogated GSC maintenance and mitigated GSC-driven tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that high SUMO1-modified protein sumoylation as a feature of GSCs is critical for GSC maintenance, suggesting that targeting SUMO1 sumoylation may effectively improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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42
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Ryu H, Sun XX, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang X, Dai RS, Zhu HM, Klimek J, David L, Fedorov LM, Azuma Y, Sears RC, Dai MS. The deubiquitinase USP36 promotes snoRNP group SUMOylation and is essential for ribosome biogenesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50684. [PMID: 33852194 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation plays a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis. Proteomic analyses and experimental evidence showed that a number of nucleolar proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis are modified by SUMO. However, how these proteins are SUMOylated in cells is less understood. Here, we report that USP36, a nucleolar deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), promotes nucleolar SUMOylation. Overexpression of USP36 enhances nucleolar SUMOylation, whereas its knockdown or genetic deletion reduces the levels of SUMOylation. USP36 interacts with SUMO2 and Ubc9 and directly mediates SUMOylation in cells and in vitro. We show that USP36 promotes the SUMOylation of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) components Nop58 and Nhp2 in cells and in vitro and their binding to snoRNAs. It also promotes the SUMOylation of snoRNP components Nop56 and DKC1. Functionally, we show that knockdown of USP36 markedly impairs rRNA processing and translation. Thus, USP36 promotes snoRNP group SUMOylation and is critical for ribosome biogenesis and protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Ryu
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roselyn S Dai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Larry David
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- OHSU Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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43
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Li J, Wu R, Yung MMH, Sun J, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang Y, Liu SS, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS, Braisted JC, Zheng W, Wei H, Gao Y, Nemes P, Pei H, Chan DW, Li Y, Zhu W. SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation of JAK2 regulates its kinase activity and platinum drug resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:341. [PMID: 33795649 PMCID: PMC8016909 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The JAK2/STAT pathway is hyperactivated in many cancers, and such hyperactivation is associated with a poor clinical prognosis and drug resistance. The mechanism regulating JAK2 activity is complex. Although translocation of JAK2 between nucleus and cytoplasm is an important regulatory mechanism, how JAK2 translocation is regulated and what is the physiological function of this translocation remain largely unknown. Here, we found that protease SENP1 directly interacts with and deSUMOylates JAK2, and the deSUMOylation of JAK2 leads to its accumulation at cytoplasm, where JAK2 is activated. Significantly, this novel SENP1/JAK2 axis is activated in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer in a manner dependent on a transcription factor RUNX2 and activated RUNX2/SENP1/JAK2 is critical for platinum-resistance in ovarian cancer. To explore the application of anti-SENP1/JAK2 for treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, we found SENP1 deficiency or treatment by SENP1 inhibitor Momordin Ic significantly overcomes platinum-resistance of ovarian cancer. Thus, this study not only identifies a novel mechanism regulating JAK2 activity, but also provides with a potential approach to treat platinum-resistant ovarian cancer by targeting SENP1/JAK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ruiqin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mingo M H Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zhuqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Stephanie S Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John C Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huiqiang Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute for Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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44
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Kroonen JS, Vertegaal ACO. Targeting SUMO Signaling to Wrestle Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:496-510. [PMID: 33353838 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) signaling cascade is critical for gene expression, genome integrity, and cell cycle progression. In this review, we discuss the important role SUMO may play in cancer and how to target SUMO signaling. Recently developed small molecule inhibitors enable therapeutic targeting of the SUMOylation pathway. Blocking SUMOylation not only leads to reduced cancer cell proliferation but also to an increased antitumor immune response by stimulating interferon (IFN) signaling, indicating that SUMOylation inhibitors have a dual mode of action that can be employed in the fight against cancer. The search for tumor types that can be treated with SUMOylation inhibitors is ongoing. Employing SUMO conjugation inhibitory drugs in the years to come has potential as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie S Kroonen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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45
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Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khattak S, Saddozai UAK, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Madni A, Haleem KS, Duan SF, Wu DD, Ji SP, Ji XY. Multifaceted behavior of PEST sequence enriched nuclear proteins in cancer biology and role in gene therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1658-1676. [PMID: 32841373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence enriched with proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) (PEST) is a signal-transducing agent providing unique features to its substrate nuclear proteins (PEST-NPs). The PEST motif is responsible for particular posttranslational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs impart distinct properties to PEST-NPs that are responsible for their activation/inhibition, intracellular localization, and stability/degradation. PEST-NPs participate in cancer metabolism, immunity, and protein transcription as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Gene-based therapeutics are getting the attention of researchers because of their cell specificity. PEST-NPs are good targets to explore as cancer therapeutics. Insights into PTMs of PEST-NPs demonstrate that these proteins not only interact with each other but also recruit other proteins to/from their active site to promote/inhibit tumors. Thus, the role of PEST-NPs in cancer biology is multivariate. It is hard to obtain therapeutic objectives with single gene therapy. An especially designed combination gene therapy might be a promising strategy in cancer treatment. This review highlights the multifaceted behavior of PEST-NPs in cancer biology. We have summarized a number of studies to address the influence of structure and PEST-mediated PTMs on activation, localization, stability, and protein-protein interactions of PEST-NPs. We also recommend researchers to adopt a pragmatic approach in gene-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Attia Afzal
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Umair A K Saddozai
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kashif S Haleem
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Ping Ji
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation & Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Bio-safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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46
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Chauhan KM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Liu AT, Sun XX, Dai MS. The SUMO-specific protease SENP1 deSUMOylates p53 and regulates its activity. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:189-197. [PMID: 32786121 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability and activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein are tightly regulated by various posttranslational modifications, including SUMOylation. p53 can be modified by both SUMO1 and SUMO2, although how SUMOylation regulates p53 activity is still obscure. Whether p53 activity is directly regulated by deSUMOylation is also unclear. Here, we show that SENP1, a SUMO-specific protease implicated in pro-oncogenic roles, is a p53 deSUMOylating enzyme. SENP1 interacts with p53 and deSUMOylates p53 in cells and in vitro. Knockdown of SENP1 markedly induced p53 transactivation activity. We further show that SENP1 depletion synergizes with DNA damage-inducing agent etoposide to induce p53 activation and the expression of p21, leading to synergistic growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our results reveal that SENP1 is a critical p53 deSUMOylating enzyme and a promising therapeutic target in wild-type p53 containing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Chauhan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Andrew T Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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47
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Olig2 SUMOylation protects against genotoxic damage response by antagonizing p53 gene targeting. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3146-3161. [PMID: 32483381 PMCID: PMC7560653 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of nuclear proteins, including transcription factors, nuclear receptors, and their coregulators, have attracted much attention in cancer research. Although phosphorylation of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) may contribute to the notorious resistance of gliomas to radiation and genotoxic drugs, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. We show here that in addition to phosphorylation, Olig2 is also conjugated by small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO1) at three lysine residues K27, K76, and K112. SUMOylation is required for Olig2 to suppress p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by genotoxic damage, and to enhance resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) in glioma. Both SUMOylation and triple serine motif (TSM) phosphorylation of Olig2 are required for the antiapoptotic function. Olig2 SUMOylation enhances its genetic targeting ability, which in turn occludes p53 recruitment to Cdkn1a promoter for DNA-damage responses. Our work uncovers a SUMOylation-dependent regulatory mechanism of Olig2 in regulating cancer survival.
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48
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Celen AB, Sahin U. Sumoylation on its 25th anniversary: mechanisms, pathology, and emerging concepts. FEBS J 2020; 287:3110-3140. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arda B. Celen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Center for Life Sciences and Technologies Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Umut Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Center for Life Sciences and Technologies Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey
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49
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Beaulieu ME, Castillo F, Soucek L. Structural and Biophysical Insights into the Function of the Intrinsically Disordered Myc Oncoprotein. Cells 2020; 9:E1038. [PMID: 32331235 PMCID: PMC7226237 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly limited. Indubitably though, its crucial and non-redundant role in cancer biology makes it an attractive target. However, achieving successful clinical Myc inhibition has proven challenging so far, as this nuclear protein is an intrinsically disordered polypeptide devoid of any classical ligand binding pockets. Indeed, Myc only adopts a (partially) folded structure in some contexts and upon interacting with some protein partners, for instance when dimerizing with MAX to bind DNA. Here, we review the cumulative knowledge on Myc structure and biophysics and discuss the implications for its biological function and the development of improved Myc inhibitors. We focus this biophysical walkthrough mainly on the basic region helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif (bHLHLZ), as it has been the principal target for inhibitory approaches so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Soucek
- Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (L.S.)
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Bellaterra, Spain
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50
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Cohn GM, Liefwalker DF, Langer EM, Sears RC. PIN1 Provides Dynamic Control of MYC in Response to Extrinsic Signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:224. [PMID: 32300594 PMCID: PMC7142217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a phosphorylation-directed member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family that facilitates conformational changes in phosphorylated targets such as c-MYC (MYC). Following signaling events that mediate phosphorylation of MYC at Serine 62, PIN1 establishes structurally distinct pools of MYC through its trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization activity at Proline 63. Through these isomerization steps, PIN1 functionally regulates MYC's stability, the molecular timing of its DNA binding and transcriptional activity, and its subnuclear localization. Recently, our group showed that Serine 62 phosphorylated MYC can associate with the inner basket of the nuclear pore (NP) in a PIN1-dependent manner. The poised euchromatin at the NP basket enables rapid cellular response to environmental signals and cell stress, and PIN1-mediated trafficking of MYC calibrates this response. In this perspective, we describe the molecular aspects of PIN1 target recognition and PIN1's function in the context of its temporal and spatial regulation of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Cohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ellen M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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