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Ma F, Huang X, Zhou J, Zhang N, Deng M, Zheng Y, Zhao M, Chen W, Zhou W, Zhai L, Zhong L, Pang K, Liu X, Zhong X, Ren Y, Liu Y, Sun Q, Sun J. The 'Candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi' effectors SJP1 and SJP2 destabilise the bifunctional regulator ZjTCP7 to modulate floral transition and shoot branching. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2895-2910. [PMID: 38623040 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplasmic SAP11 effectors alter host plant architecture and flowering time. However, the exact mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Two SAP11-like effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, from 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi' induce shoot branching proliferation. Here, the transcription factor ZjTCP7 was identified as a central target of these two effectors to regulate floral transition and shoot branching. Ectopic expression of ZjTCP7 resulted in enhanced bolting and earlier flowering than did the control. Interaction and expression assays demonstrated that ZjTCP7 interacted with the ZjFT-ZjFD module, thereby enhancing the ability of these genes to directly bind to the ZjAP1 promoter. The effectors SJP1 and SJP2 unravelled the florigen activation complex by specifically destabilising ZjTCP7 and ZjFD to delay floral initiation. Moreover, the shoot branching of the ZjTCP7-SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis lines were comparable to those of the SJP1/2 lines, suggesting the involvement of ZjTCP7 in the regulation of shoot branching. ZjTCP7 interacted with the branching repressor ZjBRC1 to enhance suppression of the auxin efflux carrier ZjPIN3 expression. ZjTCP7 also directly bound to and upregulated the auxin biosynthesis gene ZjYUCCA2, thereby promoting auxin accumulation. Our findings confirm that ZjTCP7 serves as a bifunctional regulator destabilised by the effectors SJP1 and SJP2 to modulate plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Junyong Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingsheng Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunyan Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenmin Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaixue Pang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyue Zhong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qibao Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Shen J, Jiang Y, Pan J, Sun L, Li Q, He W, Sun P, Zhao B, Zhao H, Ke X, Guo Y, Yang T, Li Z. The GRAS transcription factor CsTL regulates tendril formation in cucumber. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2818-2833. [PMID: 38630900 PMCID: PMC11289639 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, Cs) tendrils are slender vegetative organs that typically require manual removal to ensure orderly growth during greenhouse cultivation. Here, we identified cucumber tendril-less (tl), a Tnt1 retrotransposon-induced insertion mutant lacking tendrils. Map-based cloning identified the mutated gene, CsaV3_3G003590, which we designated as CsTL, which is homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (AtLAS). Knocking out CsTL repressed tendril formation but did not affect branch initiation, whereas overexpression (OE) of CsTL resulted in the formation of two or more tendrils in one leaf axil. Although expression of two cucumber genes regulating tendril formation, Tendril (CsTEN) and Unusual Floral Organs (CsUFO), was significantly decreased in CsTL knockout lines, these two genes were not direct downstream targets of CsTL. Instead, CsTL physically interacted with CsTEN, an interaction that further enhanced CsTEN-mediated expression of CsUFO. In Arabidopsis, the CsTL homolog AtLAS acts upstream of REVOLUTA (REV) to regulate branch initiation. Knocking out cucumber CsREV inhibited branch formation without affecting tendril initiation. Furthermore, genomic regions containing CsTL and AtLAS were not syntenic between the cucumber and Arabidopsis genomes, whereas REV orthologs were found on a shared syntenic block. Our results revealed not only that cucumber CsTL possesses a divergent function in promoting tendril formation but also that CsREV retains its conserved function in shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Pan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Linhan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjing He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Piaoyun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bosi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xubo Ke
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yalu Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Chen J, Liu L, Wang G, Chen G, Liu X, Li M, Han L, Song W, Wang S, Li C, Wang Z, Huang Y, Gu C, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Zhang X. The AGAMOUS-LIKE 16-GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 1 module regulates axillary bud outgrowth via catabolism of abscisic acid in cucumber. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2689-2708. [PMID: 38581430 PMCID: PMC11218829 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lateral branches are important components of shoot architecture and directly affect crop yield and production cost. Although sporadic studies have implicated abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in axillary bud outgrowth, the function of ABA catabolism and its upstream regulators in shoot branching remain elusive. Here, we showed that the MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (CsAGL16) is a positive regulator of axillary bud outgrowth in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Functional disruption of CsAGL16 led to reduced bud outgrowth, whereas overexpression of CsAGL16 resulted in enhanced branching. CsAGL16 directly binds to the promoter of the ABA 8'-hydroxylase gene CsCYP707A4 and promotes its expression. Loss of CsCYP707A4 function inhibited axillary bud outgrowth and increased ABA levels. Elevated expression of CsCYP707A4 or treatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor largely rescued the Csagl16 mutant phenotype. Moreover, cucumber General Regulatory Factor 1 (CsGRF1) interacts with CsAGL16 and antagonizes CsAGL16-mediated CsCYP707A4 activation. Disruption of CsGRF1 resulted in elongated branches and decreased ABA levels in the axillary buds. The Csagl16 Csgrf1 double mutant exhibited a branching phenotype resembling that of the Csagl16 single mutant. Therefore, our data suggest that the CsAGL16-CsGRF1 module regulates axillary bud outgrowth via CsCYP707A4-mediated ABA catabolism in cucumber. Our findings provide a strategy to manipulate ABA levels in axillary buds during crop breeding to produce desirable branching phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengan Yang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang C, Li J, Fang K, Yao H, Chai X, Du Y, Wang J, Hao N, Cao J, Li B, Wu T. CsHLS1-CsSCL28 module regulates compact plant architecture in cucumber. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1724-1739. [PMID: 38261466 PMCID: PMC11123426 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Increased planting densities boost crop yields. A compact plant architecture facilitates dense planting. However, the mechanisms regulating compact plant architecture in cucurbits remain unclear. In this study, we identified a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) compact plant architecture (cpa1) mutant from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library that exhibited distinctive phenotypic traits, including reduced leaf petiole angle and leaf size. The candidate mutation causes a premature stop codon in CsaV3_1G036420, which shares similarity to Arabidopsis HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1) encoding putative histone N-acetyltransferase (HAT) protein and was named CsHLS1. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, CsHLS1 was predominantly expressed in leaf petiole bases and leaves. Constitutive overexpressing CsHLS1 in cpa1 restored the wild-type plant architecture. Knockout of CsHLS1 resulted in reduces leaf petiole angle and leaf size and as well as decreased acetylation levels. Furthermore, CsHLS1 directly interacted with CsSCL28 and negatively regulated compact plant architecture in cucumber. Importantly, CsHLS1 knockout increased the photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrogen in cucumbers, thereby maintaining cucumber yield at normal density. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic breeding resource and gene target for creating a compact plant architecture for dense cucumber planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Jie Li
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Kai Fang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Hongxin Yao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Xingwen Chai
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research InstituteHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaChangshaChina
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Wu M, Bian X, Hu S, Huang B, Shen J, Du Y, Wang Y, Xu M, Xu H, Yang M, Wu S. A gradient of the HD-Zip regulator Woolly regulates multicellular trichome morphogenesis in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2375-2392. [PMID: 38470570 PMCID: PMC11132899 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Homeodomain (HD) proteins regulate embryogenesis in animals such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), often in a concentration-dependent manner. HD-leucine zipper (Zip) IV family genes are unique to plants and often function in the L1 epidermal cell layer. However, our understanding of the roles of HD-Zip IV family genes in plant morphogenesis is limited. In this study, we investigated the morphogenesis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) multicellular trichomes, a type of micro-organ in plants. We found that a gradient of the HD-Zip IV regulator Woolly (Wo) coordinates spatially polarized cell division and cell expansion in multicellular trichomes. Moreover, we identified a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor-encoding gene, SlBRANCHED2a (SlBRC2a), as a key downstream target of Wo that regulates the transition from cell division to cell expansion. High levels of Wo promote cell division in apical trichome cells, whereas in basal trichome cells, Wo mediates a negative feedback loop with SlBRC2a that forces basal cells to enter endoreduplication. The restricted high and low activities of Wo pattern the morphogenesis of tomato multicellular trichomes. These findings provide insights into the functions of HD-Zip IV genes during plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinLiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - XinXin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - ShouRong Hu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - BenBen Huang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JingYuan Shen
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YaDi Du
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YanLi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MengYuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - HuiMin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MeiNa Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Han Y, Qu M, Liu Z, Kang C. Transcription factor FveMYB117a inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by regulating cytokinin homeostasis in woodland strawberry. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2427-2446. [PMID: 38547429 PMCID: PMC11132891 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching affects plant architecture. In strawberry (Fragaria L.), short branches (crowns) develop from dormant axillary buds to form inflorescences and flowers. While this developmental transition contributes greatly to perenniality and yield in strawberry, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear and understudied. In the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), we identified and characterized 2 independent mutants showing more crowns. Both mutant alleles reside in FveMYB117a, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene highly expressed in shoot apical meristems, axillary buds, and young leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of several cytokinin pathway genes was altered in the fvemyb117a mutant. Consistently, active cytokinins were significantly increased in the axillary buds of the fvemyb117a mutant. Exogenous application of cytokinin enhanced crown outgrowth in the wild type, whereas the cytokinin inhibitors suppressed crown outgrowth in the fvemyb117a mutant. FveMYB117a binds directly to the promoters of the cytokinin homeostasis genes FveIPT2 encoding an isopentenyltransferase and FveCKX1 encoding a cytokinin oxidase to regulate their expression. Conversely, the type-B Arabidopsis response regulators FveARR1 and FveARR2b can directly inhibit the expression of FveMYB117a, indicative of a negative feedback regulation. In conclusion, we identified FveMYB117a as a key repressor of crown outgrowth by inhibiting cytokinin accumulation and provide a mechanistic basis for bud fate transition in an herbaceous perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Xing N, Li X, Wu S, Wang Z. Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Key Genes from the Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Pathway Regulating Plant Height and Leaf Size in Capsicum baccatum. Cells 2024; 13:827. [PMID: 38786049 PMCID: PMC11119896 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant structure-related agronomic traits like plant height and leaf size are critical for growth, development, and crop yield. Defining the types of genes involved in regulating plant structure size is essential for the molecular-assisted breeding of peppers. This research conducted comparative transcriptome analyses using Capsicum baccatum germplasm HNUCB0112 and HNUCB0222 and their F2 generation as materials. A total of 6574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, which contain 379 differentially expressed transcription factors, mainly including transcription factor families such as TCP, WRKY, AUX/IAA, and MYB. Seven classes of DEGs were annotated in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA). The 26 modules were obtained by WGCNA analysis, and the MEpink module was positively correlated with plant height and leaf size, and hub genes associated with plant height and leaf size were anticipated. Differential genes were verified by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the RNA-Seq results, demonstrating the accuracy of the sequencing results. These results enhance our understanding of the developmental regulatory networks governing pepper key traits like plant height and leaf size and offer new information for future research on the pepper plant architecture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (N.X.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Wen S, Hu Q, Wang J, Li H. Transcriptome analysis and functional validation reveal the novel role of LhCYCL in axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:55. [PMID: 38727895 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching significantly influences yield and timber quality in woody plants, with hybrid Liriodendron being particularly valuable due to its rapid growth. However, understanding of the mechanisms governing shoot branching in hybrid Liriodendron remains limited. In this study, we systematically examined axillary bud development using morphological and anatomical approaches and selected four distinct developmental stages for an extensive transcriptome analysis. A total of 9,449 differentially expressed genes have been identified, many of which are involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we identified several transcription factors downregulated during early axillary bud development, including a noteworthy gene annotated as CYC-like from the TCP TF family, which emerged as a strong candidate for modulating axillary bud development. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the highest expression levels of LhCYCL in hybrid Liriodendron axillary buds, while histochemical β-glucuronidase staining suggested its potential role in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf axil development. Ectopic expression of LhCYCL in A. thaliana led to an increase of branches and a decrease of plant height, accompanied by altered expression of genes involved in the plant hormone signaling pathways. This indicates the involvement of LhCYCL in regulating shoot branching through plant hormone signaling pathways. In summary, our results emphasize the pivotal role played by LhCYCL in shoot branching, offering insights into the function of the CYC-like gene and establishing a robust foundation for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms governing axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Su X, Zheng J, Diao X, Yang Z, Yu D, Huang F. MtTCP18 Regulates Plant Structure in Medicago truncatula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1012. [PMID: 38611541 PMCID: PMC11013128 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant structure has a large influence on crop yield formation, with branching and plant height being the important factors that make it up. We identified a gene, MtTCP18, encoding a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor highly conserved with Arabidopsis gene BRC1 (BRANCHED1) in Medicago truncatula. Sequence analysis revealed that MtTCP18 included a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) motif and R domain. Expression analysis showed that MtTCP18 was expressed in all organs examined, with relatively higher expression in pods and axillary buds. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MtTCP18 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited transcriptional activation activity. These results supported its role as a transcription factor. Meanwhile, we identified a homozygous mutant line (NF14875) with a mutation caused by Tnt1 insertion into MtTCP18. Mutant analysis showed that the mutation of MtTCP18 altered plant structure, with increased plant height and branch number. Moreover, we found that the expression of auxin early response genes was modulated in the mutant. Therefore, MtTCP18 may be a promising candidate gene for breeders to optimize plant structure for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (Z.Y.); (D.Y.)
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10
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Tian H, Tang B, Fan W, Pan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu G. The role of strigolactone analog (GR24) in endogenous hormone metabolism and hormone-related gene expression in tobacco axillary buds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 38150090 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Strigolactone has the potential to influence hormone metabolism, in addition to having a role in inhibiting axillary bud elongation, which could be regulated by the expression of phytohormones-related genes. The elongation of axillary buds affects the economic benefits of tobacco. In this study, it was investigated the effect of strigolactone (SL) on the elongation of tobacco axillary buds and its endogenous hormone metabolism and related gene expression by applying the artificial analog of SL, GR24, and an inhibitor of SL synthesis, TIS-108, to the axillary buds. The results showed that the elongation of axillary buds was significantly inhibited by GR24 on day 2 and day 9. Ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry results further showed that SL significantly affected the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, altering both their levels and the ratios between each endogenous hormone. Particularly, the levels of auxin (IAA), trans-zeatin-riboside (tZR), N6-(∆2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), gibberellin A4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) were decreased after GR24 treatment on day 9, but the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) were significantly increased. Further analysis of endogenous hormonal balance revealed that after the treatment with GR24 on day 9, the ratio of IAA to cytokinin (CTK) was markedly increased, but the ratios of IAA to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ACC, JAs, and, GAs were notably decreased. In addition, according to RNA-seq analysis, multiple differentially expressed genes were found, such as GH3.1, AUX/IAA, SUAR20, IPT, CKX1, GA2ox1, ACO3, ERF1, PR1, and HCT, which may play critical roles in the biosynthesis, deactivation, signaling pathway of phytohormones, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids to regulate the elongation of axillary buds in tobacco. This work lays the certain theoretical foundation for the application of SL in regulating the elongation of axillary buds of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tian
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxi Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuwei Fan
- Yimen County Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yimen, 651100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Peng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Liu T, Dong L, Wang E, Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Xu S, Liang Z, Ma H, Nie B, Song B. StHAB1, a negative regulatory factor in abscisic acid signaling, plays crucial roles in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6708-6721. [PMID: 37479226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is critical in drought tolerance and plant growth. Group A protein type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of ABA signaling and plant adaptation to stress. Knowledge about the functions of potato group A PP2Cs is limited. Here, we report that the potato group A PP2C StHAB1 is broadly expressed in potato plants and strongly induced by ABA and drought. Suppression of StHAB1 enhanced potato ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance, whereas overexpression of the dominant mutant StHAB1G276D compromised ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance. StHAB1 interacts with almost all ABA receptors and the Snf1-Related Kinase OST1. Suppressing StHAB1 and overexpressing StHAB1G276D alter potato growth morphology; notably, overexpression of StHAB1G276D causes excessive shoot branching. RNA-sequencing analyses identified that the auxin efflux carrier genes StPIN3, StPIN5, and StPIN8 were up-regulated in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds. Correspondingly, the auxin concentration was reduced in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, consistent with the role of auxin in repressing lateral branch outgrowth. The expression of BRANCHED1s (StBRC1a and StBRC1b) was unchanged in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, suggesting that StHAB1G276D overexpression does not cause axillary bud outgrowth via regulation of BRC1 expression. Our findings demonstrate that StHAB1 is vital in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liepeng Dong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Shijing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Bihua Nie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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12
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Gu C, Han R, Liu C, Fang G, Yuan Q, Zheng Z, Yu Q, Jiang J, Liu S, Xie L, Wei H, Zhang Q, Liu G. Heritable epigenetic modification of BpPIN1 is associated with leaf shapes in Betula pendula. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1811-1824. [PMID: 37406032 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The new variety Betula pendula 'Dalecarlica', selected from Betula pendula, shows high ornamental value owing to its lobed leaf shape. In this study, to identify the genetic components of leaf shape formation, we performed bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker-based fine mapping to identify the causal gene responsible for lobed leaves in B. pendula 'Dalecarlica'. The most significant variations associated with leaf shape were identified within the gene BpPIN1 encoding a member of the PIN-FORMED family, responsible for the auxin efflux carrier. We further confirmed the hypomethylation at the promoter region promoting the expression level of BpPIN1, which causes stronger and longer veins and lobed leaf shape in B. pendula 'Dalecarlica'. These results indicated that DNA methylation at the BpPIN1 promoter region is associated with leaf shapes in B. pendula. Our findings revealed an epigenetic mechanism of BpPIN1 in the regulation of leaf shape in Betula Linn. (birch), which could help in the molecular breeding of ornamental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Rui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Chaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Gonggui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Zhimin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33580, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Throckmorton Center, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA
| | - Linan Xie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, No. 51, Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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13
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Barrera-Rojas CH, Vicente MH, Pinheiro Brito DA, Silva EM, Lopez AM, Ferigolo LF, do Carmo RM, Silva CMS, Silva GFF, Correa JPO, Notini MM, Freschi L, Cubas P, Nogueira FTS. Tomato miR156-targeted SlSBP15 represses shoot branching by modulating hormone dynamics and interacting with GOBLET and BRANCHED1b. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5124-5139. [PMID: 37347477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The miRNA156 (miR156)/SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL/SBP) regulatory hub is highly conserved among phylogenetically distinct species, but how it interconnects multiple pathways to converge to common integrators controlling shoot architecture is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the miR156/SlSBP15 node modulates tomato shoot branching by connecting multiple phytohormones with classical genetic pathways regulating both axillary bud development and outgrowth. miR156-overexpressing plants (156-OE) displayed high shoot branching, whereas plants overexpressing a miR156-resistant SlSBP15 allele (rSBP15) showed arrested shoot branching. Importantly, the rSBP15 allele was able to partially restore the wild-type shoot branching phenotype in the 156-OE background. rSBP15 plants have tiny axillary buds, and their activation is dependent on shoot apex-derived auxin transport inhibition. Hormonal measurements revealed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were lower in 156-OE and higher in rSBP15 axillary buds, respectively. Genetic and molecular data indicated that SlSBP15 regulates axillary bud development and outgrowth by inhibiting auxin transport and GOBLET (GOB) activity, and by interacting with tomato BRANCHED1b (SlBRC1b) to control ABA levels within axillary buds. Collectively, our data provide a new mechanism by which the miR156/SPL/SBP hub regulates shoot branching, and suggest that modulating SlSBP15 activity might have potential applications in shaping tomato shoot architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernán Barrera-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Armando Pinheiro Brito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Eder M Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Aitor Muñoz Lopez
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia F Ferigolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Monteiro do Carmo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina M S Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F F Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Joao P O Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Notini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, CEP: 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
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15
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Li R, Ma R, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Zong Y, Zhu Y, Chen W, Li Y, Guo W. A Study of the Molecular Regulatory Network of VcTCP18 during Blueberry Bud Dormancy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37514210 PMCID: PMC10385817 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BRANCHED1 (BRC1) is a crucial member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) gene family and is well known for playing a central role in shoot branching by controlling buds' paradormancy. However, the expression characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanism of BRC1 during blueberry bud dormancy are unclear. To shed light on these topics, shoots of three blueberry cultivars with different chilling requirements (CRs) were decapitated in summer to induce paradormancy release and subjected to different levels of chilling in winter to induce endodormancy release. The results showed that the high-CR cultivar 'Chandler' had the strongest apical dominance among the three cultivars; additionally, the expression of VcTCP18, which is homologous to BRC1, was the highest under both the decapitation treatment and low-temperature treatment. The 'Emerald' cultivar, with a low CR, demonstrated the opposite trend. These findings suggest that VcTCP18 plays a negative regulatory role in bud break and that there may be a correlation between the CR and tree shape. Through yeast 1-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we finally screened 21 upstream regulatory genes, including eight transcription factors: zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1/4/5/9, MYB4, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), ASIL2-like, and bHLH035. It was found that these upstream regulatory genes positively or negatively regulated the expression of VcTCP18 based on the transcriptome expression profile. In summary, this study enriched our understanding of the regulatory network of BRCl during bud dormancy and provided new insights into the function of BRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Yuling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Youyin Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Jinhua Polytechinc, Jinhua 321007, China;
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (R.L.); (R.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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16
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Zhang M, Qin S, Yan J, Li L, Xu M, Liu Y, Zhang W. Genome-wide identification and analysis of TCP family genes in Medicago sativa reveal their critical roles in Na +/K + homeostasis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37280506 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicago sativa is the most important forage world widely, and is characterized by high quality and large biomass. While abiotic factors such as salt stress can negatively impact the growth and productivity of alfalfa. Maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis in the cytoplasm helps reduce cell damage and nutritional deprivation, which increases a salt-tolerance of plant. Teosinte Branched1/ Cycloidea/ Proliferating cell factors (TCP) family genes, a group of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), involved in regulating plant growth and development and abiotic stresses. Recent studies have shown TCPs control the Na+/K+ concentration of plants during salt stress. In order to improve alfalfa salt tolerance, it is important to identify alfalfa TCP genes and investigate if and how they regulate alfalfa Na+/K+ homeostasis. RESULTS Seventy-one MsTCPs including 23 non-redundant TCP genes were identified in the database of alfalfa genome (C.V XinJiangDaYe), they were classified into class I PCF (37 members) and class II: CIN (28 members) and CYC/TB1 (9 members). Their distribution on chromosome were unequally. MsTCPs belonging to PCF were expressed specifically in different organs without regularity, which belonging to CIN class were mainly expressed in mature leaves. MsTCPs belongs to CYC/TB1 clade had the highest expression level at meristem. Cis-elements in the promoter of MsTCPs were also predicted, the results indicated that most of the MsTCPs will be induced by phytohormone and stress treatments, especially by ABA-related stimulus including salinity stress. We found 20 out of 23 MsTCPs were up-regulated in 200 mM NaCl treatment, and MsTCP3/14/15/18 were significantly induced by 10 μM KCl, a K+ deficiency treatment. Fourteen non-redundant MsTCPs contained miR319 target site, 11 of them were upregulated in MIM319 transgenic alfalfa, and among them four (MsTCP3/4/10A/B) genes were directly degraded by miR319. MIM319 transgene alfalfa plants showed a salt sensitive phenotype, which caused by a lower content of potassium in alfalfa at least partly. The expression of potassium transported related genes showed significantly higher expression in MIM319 plants. CONCLUSIONS We systematically analyzes the MsTCP gene family at a genome-wide level and reported that miR319-TCPs model played a function in K+ up-taking and/ or transportation especially in salt stress. The study provide valuable information for future study of TCP genes in alfalfa and supplies candidate genes for salt-tolerance alfalfa molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shangqian Qin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingzhi Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cao D, Chabikwa T, Barbier F, Dun EA, Fichtner F, Dong L, Kerr SC, Beveridge CA. Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1420-1434. [PMID: 36690819 PMCID: PMC10231355 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently, the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance. Here we show that auxin depletion after decapitation is not always the initial trigger of rapid cytokinin (CK) increases in buds that are instead correlated with enhanced sugars. Auxin may also act through strigolactones (SLs) which have been shown to suppress branching after decapitation, but here we show that SLs do not have a significant effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation. We report here that when sucrose or CK is abundant, SLs are less inhibitory during the bud release stage compared to during later stages and that SL treatment rapidly inhibits CK accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum) axillary buds of intact plants. After initial bud release, we find an important role of gibberellin (GA) in promoting sustained bud growth downstream of auxin. We are, therefore, able to suggest a model of apical dominance that integrates auxin, sucrose, SLs, CKs, and GAs and describes differences in signalling across stages of bud release to sustained growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tinashe Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francois Barbier
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Yang F, Njogu MK, Hesbon O, Wang Y, Lou Q, Cheng C, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J. Epistatic interaction between CsCEN and CsSHBY in regulating indeterminate/determinate growth of lateral branch in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:112. [PMID: 37052719 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two genetic loci, det-ma (CsCEN) and det-lb, showed epistatic interaction on indeterminate/determinate growth of LB in cucumber. CsSHBY was identified as the candidate gene for det-lb locus. Plant architecture depends on the spatial regulation of meristems from both main axis (MA) and lateral branches (LBs). Fate (indeterminate or determinate) of these meristems is a crucial source of architectural diversity determining crop productivity and management. CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER 1/SELF-PRUNING (CETS) gene family have been well known as pivotal regulators for indeterminate/determinate growth of MA. Nevertheless, genes that regulate LB indeterminacy/determinacy remained unclear. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has typical monopodial growth and multiple lateral branches. Both MA and LBs had indeterminate or determinate growth, and indeterminate/determinate growth of LB was controlled by two distinct loci, det-ma (CsCEN) and det-lb. In our study, based on bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method, the det-lb locus was mapped on a 60.6 kb region on chromosome 1 harboring only one gene CsaV3_1G044330, which encoded a putative vacuolar-sorting protein (designated as CsSHBY). Multipoint mutations in CsSHBY were identified in D082 and D226, compared with CCMC, including nonsynonymous SNP mutations and a 6-bp deletion in exons. Further, qPCR showed that CsSHBY was highly expressed in lateral bud of CCMC, suggesting that CsSHBY might play an active role in regulating indeterminate/determinate growth of LB. Genetic analyses showed that det-ma (CsCEN) had an epistatic effect on det-lb (CsSHBY), and CsCEN could activate CsSHBY promoter by Dual luciferase and GUS activity assays. Meanwhile, Cscen or Csshby was found to influence auxin contents and CsYUCs and CsPINs expression levels. These findings provided new insights into precisely optimizing plant architecture for yield improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Martin Kagiki Njogu
- Department of Plant Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya
| | - Obel Hesbon
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Ji Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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19
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Fan X, Li Y, Deng CH, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Qiu C, Xu X, Han Z, Li W. Strigolactone regulates adventitious root formation via the MdSMXL7-MdWRKY6-MdBRC1 signaling cascade in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:772-786. [PMID: 36575587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propagation through stem cuttings is a popular method worldwide for species such as fruit tree rootstocks and forest trees. Adventitious root (AR) formation from stem cuttings is crucial for effective and successful clonal propagation of apple rootstocks. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified hormones involved in AR formation. However, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning this process remain elusive. In the present study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, as well as rooting assays using stable transgenic apple materials, revealed that MdBRC1 served as a key gene in the inhibition of AR formation by SLs. We have demonstrated that MdSMXL7 and MdWRKY6 synergistically regulated MdBRC1 expression, depending on the interactions of MdSMXL7 and MdWRKY6 at the protein level downstream of SLs as well as the direct promoter binding on MdBRC1 by MdWRKY6. Furthermore, biochemical studies and genetic analysis revealed that MdBRC1 inhibited AR formation by triggering the expression of MdGH3.1 in a transcriptional activation pathway. Finally, the present study not only proposes a component, MdWRKY6, that enables MdSMXL7 to regulate MdBRC1 during the process of SL-controlled AR formation in apple, but also provides prospective target genes to enhance AR formation capacity using CRISPR (i.e. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology, particularly in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mt Albert, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Shiyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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20
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Vegetable biology and breeding in the genomics era. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:226-250. [PMID: 36508122 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable crops provide a rich source of essential nutrients for humanity and represent critical economic values to global rural societies. However, genetic studies of vegetable crops have lagged behind major food crops, such as rice, wheat and maize, thereby limiting the application of molecular breeding. In the past decades, genome sequencing technologies have been increasingly applied in genetic studies and breeding of vegetables. In this review, we recapitulate recent progress on reference genome construction, population genomics and the exploitation of multi-omics datasets in vegetable crops. These advances have enabled an in-depth understanding of their domestication and evolution, and facilitated the genetic dissection of numerous agronomic traits, which jointly expedites the exploitation of state-of-the-art biotechnologies in vegetable breeding. We further provide perspectives of further directions for vegetable genomics and indicate how the ever-increasing omics data could accelerate genetic, biological studies and breeding in vegetable crops.
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21
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Dong Z, Tang M, Cui X, Zhao C, Tong C, Liu Y, Xiang Y, Li Z, Huang J, Cheng X, Liu S. Integrating GWAS, linkage mapping and gene expression analyses reveal the genetic control of first branch height in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1080999. [PMID: 36589070 PMCID: PMC9798901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a crucial oil crop cultivated worldwide. First branch height, an essential component of rapeseed plant architecture, has an important effect on yield and mechanized harvesting; however, the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, based on the 60K single nucleotide polymorphism array and a recombinant inbred lines population derived from M083 and 888-5, a total of 19 QTLs were detected in five environments, distributed on linkage groups A02, A09, A10, C06, and C07, which explained phenotypic variation ranging from 4.87 to 29.87%. Furthermore, 26 significant SNPs were discovered on Chr.A02 by genome-wide association study in a diversity panel of 324 re-sequencing accessions. The major QTL of the first branch height trait was co-located on Chr.A02 by integrating linkage mapping and association mapping. Eleven candidate genes were screened via allelic variation analysis, inter-subgenomic synteny analysis, and differential expression of genes in parental shoot apical meristem tissues. Among these genes, BnaA02g13010D, which encodes a TCP transcription factor, was confirmed as the target gene according to gene function annotation, haplotype analysis, and full-length gene sequencing, which revealed that TATA insertion/deletion in the promoter region was closely linked to significantly phenotypic differences BnaA02.TCP1 M083 overexpression resulted in decreased branch height and increased branch number in Arabidopsis. These results provide a genetic basis for first branch height and the ideal architecture of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Dong
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Ji T, Ma S, Liang M, Wang X, Gao L, Tian Y. Reference genes identification for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis in Cucumis sativus under Meloidogyne incognita infection and Pseudomonas treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061921. [PMID: 36589116 PMCID: PMC9799720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
qRT-PCR is a common and key technical means to study gene expression in biological research. However, reliability and accuracy of quantification by qRT-PCR is entirely dependent on the identification of appropriate reference genes. Cucumber as an economical vegetable is widely cultivated worldwide and is subject to serious nematode infection, especially from M. incognita. Plant could employ beneficial soil bacteria in the rhizosphere to enhance plant adaptability to various stresses. In this study, the optimal reference genes in cucumber under M. incognita stress and Pseudomonas treatment were calculated and confirmed. A total of thirteen candidate reference genes were identified across three different treatments. Of these, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper programs combined RefFinder software identified EF1 and UBI are the most suitable reference gene in the root knot and whole root of cucumber infected M. incognita, respectively, and CACS is the most suitable reference gene in the whole root of cucumber treated by Pseudomonas. The work first validated the most suitable reference genes for the normalization gene expression in cucumber by nematode infected or Pseudomonas inoculated, and these results would facilitate the further research on M. incognita or Pseudomonas soil rhizosphere microbe interaction with cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihong Gao
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Tian, ; Lihong Gao,
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23
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Wei J, Yang Q, Ni J, Gao Y, Tang Y, Bai S, Teng Y. Early defoliation induces auxin redistribution, promoting paradormancy release in pear buds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2739-2756. [PMID: 36200868 PMCID: PMC9706473 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paradormancy of fruit trees occurs in summer and autumn when signals from adjacent organs stimulate buds to develop slowly. This stage has received less attention that the other stages of dormancy, and the underlying mechanism remains uncharacterized. Early defoliation in late summer and early autumn is usually followed by out-of-season blooming in pear (Pyrus spp.), which substantially decreases the number of buds the following spring and negatively affects fruit production. This early bud flush is an example of paradormancy release. Here, we determined that flower bud auxin content is stable after defoliation; however, polar distribution of the pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier 1b (PpyPIN1b) implied that auxin tends to be exported from buds. Transcriptome analysis of floral buds after artificial defoliation revealed changes in auxin metabolism, transport, and signal transduction pathways. Exogenous application of a high concentration of the auxin analog 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (300 mg/L) suppressed PpyPIN1b expression and its protein accumulation in the cell membrane, likely leading to decreased auxin efflux from buds, which hindered flower bud sprouting. Furthermore, carbohydrates and additional hormones also influenced out-of-season flowering. Our results indicate that defoliation-induced auxin efflux from buds accelerates bud paradormancy release. This differs from release of apical-dominance-related lateral bud paradormancy after the apex is removed. Our findings and proposed model further elucidate the mechanism underlying paradormancy and will help researchers to develop methods for inhibiting early defoliation-induced out-of-season bud sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxin Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong 264670, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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24
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Wen S, Tu Z, Wei L, Li H. Liriodendron chinense LcMAX1 regulates primary root growth and shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:1-10. [PMID: 36084353 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play prominent roles in regulating shoot branching and root architecture in model plants. However, their roles in non-model (particularly woody) plants remain unclear. Liriodendron chinense is a timber tree species widely planted in southern China. The outturn percentage and wood quality of L. chinense are greatly affected by the branching characteristics of its shoot, and the rooting ability of the cuttings is key for its vegetative propagation. Here, we isolated and analyzed the function of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (LcMAX1) gene, which is involved in L. chinense SL biosynthesis. RT-qPCR showed that LcMAX1 was highly expressed in the roots and axillary buds. LcMAX1 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus. LcMAX1 ectopic expression promoted primary root growth, whereas there were no phenotypic differences in shoot branching between transgenic and wild-type (WT) A. thaliana plants. LcMAX1 overexpression in the max1 mutant restored them to the WT A. thaliana phenotypes. Additionally, AtPIN1, AtPIN2, and AtBRC1 expressions were significantly upregulated in transgenic A. thaliana and the max1 mutant. It was therefore speculated that LcMAX1 promotes primary root growth by regulating expression of auxin transport-related genes in A. thaliana, and LcMAX1 inhibits shoot branching by upregulating expression of AtBRC1 in the max1 mutant. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the root development and shoot branching functions of LcMAX1 were similar to those of AtMAX1. Our findings provide a foundation for obtaining further insights into root and branch development in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Lingming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
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Feng J, Deng Q, Lu H, Wei D, Wang Z, Tang Q. Brassica juncea BRC1-1 induced by SD negatively regulates flowering by directly interacting with BjuFT and BjuFUL promoter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986811. [PMID: 36247593 PMCID: PMC9561848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is crucial for sexual reproductive success in angiosperms. The core regulatory factors, such as FT, FUL, and SOC1, are responsible for promoting flowering. BRANCHED 1 (BRC1) is a TCP transcription factor gene that plays an important role in the regulation of branching and flowering in diverse plant species. However, the functions of BjuBRC1 in Brassica juncea are largely unknown. In this study, four homologs of BjuBRC1 were identified and the mechanism by which BjuBRC1 may function in the regulation of flowering time was investigated. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that BjuBRC1 contained a conserved TCP domain with two nuclear localization signals. A subcellular localization assay verified the nuclear localization of BjuBRC1. Expression analysis revealed that BjuBRC1-1 was induced by short days and was expressed abundantly in the leaf, flower, and floral bud but not in the root and stem in B. juncea. Overexpression of BjuBRC1-1 in the Arabidopsis brc1 mutant showed that BjuBRC1-1 delayed flowering time. Bimolecular fluorescent complementary and luciferase complementation assays showed that four BjuBRC1 proteins could interact with BjuFT in vivo. Notably, BjuBRC1 proteins formed heterodimers in vivo that may impact on their function of negatively regulating flowering time. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, and luciferase activity assays showed that BjuBRC1-1 could directly bind to the promoter of BjuFUL, but not BjuFT or BjuSOC1, to repress its expression. These results were supported by the reduced expression of AtFUL in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing BjuBRC1-1. Taken together, the results indicate that BjuBRC1 genes likely have a conserved function in the negative regulation of flowering in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinlin Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
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The CsHEC1-CsOVATE module contributes to fruit neck length variation via modulating auxin biosynthesis in cucumber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209717119. [PMID: 36122223 PMCID: PMC9522363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209717119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit neck is the proximal portion of the fruit with undesirable taste that has detrimental effects on fruit shape and commercial value in cucumber. Despite the dramatic variations in fruit neck length of cucumber germplasms, the genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying fruit neck elongation remain mysterious. In this study, we found that Cucumis sativus HECATE1 (CsHEC1) was highly expressed in fruit neck. Knockout of CsHEC1 resulted in shortened fruit neck and decreased auxin accumulation, whereas overexpression of CsHEC1 displayed the opposite effects, suggesting that CsHEC1 positively regulated fruit neck length by modulating local auxin level. Further analysis showed that CsHEC1 directly bound to the promoter of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 (CsYUC4) and activated its expression. Enhanced expression of CsYUC4 resulted in elongated fruit neck and elevated auxin content. Moreover, knockout of CsOVATE resulted in longer fruit neck and higher auxin. Genetic and biochemical data showed that CsOVATE physically interacted with CsHEC1 to antagonize its function by attenuating the CsHEC1-mediated CsYUC4 transcriptional activation. In cucumber germplasms, the expression of CsHEC1 and CsYUC4 positively correlated with fruit neck length, while that of CsOVATE showed a negative correlation. Together, our results revealed a CsHEC1-CsOVATE regulatory module that confers fruit neck length variation via CsYUC4-mediated auxin biosynthesis in cucumber.
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Wang K, Zhang N, Fu X, Zhang H, Liu S, Pu X, Wang X, Si H. StTCP15 regulates potato tuber sprouting by modulating the dynamic balance between abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009552. [PMID: 36186016 PMCID: PMC9523429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The major stages of the potato life cycle are tuber dormancy and sprouting, however, there is still known very little of the mechanisms that control these processes. TCP (Theosinte branch I, Cycloidea, proliferationcell factors 1 and 2) transcription factors play a key role in plant growth and dormancy related developmental processes. Previous researches demonstrated that TCP transcription factor StTCP15 had a function in the promotion of dormancy. To elucidate the function of StTCP15 gene, it was cloned from potato cultivar "Desiree," which encodes a polypeptide consisting of 414 amino acids and is mainly found in the nucleus. The potato tubers of StTCP15 overexpression lines sprouted in advance, while the potato tubers of StTCP15 down-regulated expression lines showed delayed sprouting. In addition, it was also found that overexpression lines of StTCP15 extremely significantly reduced the ratio of abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellic acid (GA3), while the superoxide dismutase activity decreased, and the activity of peroxidase and catalase increased compared with the wild type. The opposite result was found in the down-regulated expression lines of StTCP15 gene. Three interacting proteins, StSnRK1, StF-Box and StGID1, were screened by Yeast two-hybrid, and verified by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation and Split-luciferase, indicating that StTCP15 could affect ABA and GA3 signaling pathways to regulate potato tuber dormancy and sprouting. Together, these results demonstrated that StTCP15 regulated potato tuber dormancy and sprouting by affecting the dynamic balance between ABA and GA3. The result could provide some information on the molecular mechanism of StTCP15 regulating potato tuber dormancy and sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Pu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Han T, Yu J, Zhuang J, Wang Z, Sun X, Zhang Y. The Characterization of Columnar Apple Gene MdCoL Promoter and Its Response to Abscisic Acid, Brassinosteroid and Gibberellic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810781. [PMID: 36142696 PMCID: PMC9505010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Columnar apple was an important germplasm resource to develop compact cultivars for labor-saving cultivation and to study fruit tree architecture. MdCoL is a strong candidate gene for controlling the columnar phenotype in apple. In this study, a 2000 bp upstream region of MdCoL was cloned as a full-length promoter, named MdCoLp1. To gain a better understanding of the characterization of the MdCoL promoter, cis-acting elements and the binding sites of transcription factors were predicted and analyzed, and four binary expression vectors consisting of the GUS reporter gene under the control of the MdCoL promoter was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to analyze the response to abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellic acid (GA3) of MdCoL promoters. Multiple transcription factors involving TCP, BEL1 and BES1/BZR1 and other transcription factor (TF) binding sites were predicted on the promoter of MdCoL. Histochemical staining showed that both full-length and 5′ truncated promoters could initiate GUS expression. The GUS activity was the most in leaf and stem, and mainly concentrated in the fibrovascular tissue, followed by root, and the least activity was observed in silique and flower. In addition, MdCoL expression was mainly localized in the quiescent center (QC) and lateral root growing point of root tip and the vascular tissue of stem and leaf by in situ hybridization. The results of exogenous hormones treatment showed that ABA and BR could activate the activity of the MdCoL promoter, while GA3 had opposite effects. In columnar apple seedlings, ABA treatment could upregulate the expression of MdCoL, but GA3 and BR restrained the transcription level of MdCoL. These results provide the foundation for deciphering the regulatory network of hormones affecting MdCoL transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence:
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Roles of Auxin in the Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance of Horticultural Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172761. [PMID: 36078168 PMCID: PMC9454831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin, a plant hormone, regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Many current studies on auxin focus on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, or on field crops, such as rice and wheat. There are relatively few studies on what role auxin plays in various physiological processes of a range of horticultural plants. In this paper, recent studies on the role of auxin in horticultural plant growth, development, and stress response are reviewed to provide novel insights for horticultural researchers and cultivators to improve the quality and application of horticultural crops.
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30
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Research Progress on the Leaf Morphology, Fruit Development and Plant Architecture of the Cucumber. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162128. [PMID: 36015432 PMCID: PMC9415855 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual climbing herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the most important economic crops in the world. The breeding of cucumber varieties with excellent agronomic characteristics has gained more attention in recent years. The size and shape of the leaves or fruit and the plant architecture are important agronomic traits that influence crop management and productivity, thus determining the crop yields and consumer preferences. The growth of the plant is precisely regulated by both environmental stimuli and internal signals. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant morphological regulation of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, our understanding of the control mechanisms of the growth and development of cucumber is still limited. This paper reviews the regulation of phytohormones in plant growth and expounds the latest progress in research regarding the genetic regulation pathways in leaf development, fruit size and shape, branching, and plant type in cucumber, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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31
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Zhai L, Yang L, Xiao X, Jiang J, Guan Z, Fang W, Chen F, Chen S. PIN and PILS family genes analyses in Chrysanthemum seticuspe reveal their potential functions in flower bud development and drought stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:67-78. [PMID: 35970365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Auxin affects almost all plant growth and developmental processes. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) family genes determine the direction and distribution gradient of auxin flow by polar localization on the cell membrane. However, there are no systematic studies on PIN and PILS family genes in chrysanthemum. Here, 18 PIN and 13 PILS genes were identified in Chrysanthemum seticuspe. The evolutionary relationships, physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, chromosome localization, collinearity, and expression characteristics of these genes were analyzed. CsPIN10a, CsPIN10b, and CsPIN10c are unique PIN genes in C. seticuspe. Expression pattern analysis showed that these genes had different tissue specificities, and the expression levels of CsPIN8, CsPINS1, CsPILS6, and CsPILS10 were linearly related to the developmental period of the flower buds. In situ hybridization assay showed that CsPIN1a, CsPIN1b, and CsPILS8 were expressed in floret primordia and petal tips, and CsPIN1a was specifically expressed in the middle of the bract primordia, which might regulate lateral expansion of the bracts. CsPIN and CsPILS family genes are also involved in drought stress responses. This study provides theoretical support for the cultivation of new varieties with attractive flower forms and high drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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32
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Recent Progress in the Regeneration and Genetic Transformation System of Cucumber. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), belonging to the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), is one of the major vegetable crops in China. Conventional genetic breeding methods are ineffective for improving the tolerance of cucumber to various environmental stresses, diseases, and pests in the short term, but bio-engineering technologies can be applied to cucumber breeding to produce new cultivars with high yield and quality. Regeneration and genetic transformation systems are key technologies in modern cucumber breeding. Compared with regeneration systems, genetic transformation systems are not yet fully effective, and the low efficiency of genetic transformation is a bottleneck in cucumber cultivation. Here, we systematically review the key factors influencing the regeneration and genetic transformation of cucumber plants, including the selection of genotype, source of explants and forms of exogenous hormones added to the medium, the methods of transgene introduction and co-cultivation, and selection methods. In addition, we also focus on recent advances in the study of molecular mechanisms underlying important agronomic traits using genetic transformation technology, such as fruit length, fruit warts, and floral development. This review provides reference information for future research on improvements in cucumber varieties.
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Cheng Z, Song X, Liu X, Yan S, Song W, Wang Z, Han L, Zhao J, Yan L, Zhou Z, Zhang X. SPATULA and ALCATRAZ confer female sterility and fruit cavity via mediating pistil development in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1553-1569. [PMID: 35389464 PMCID: PMC9237723 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and seeds play essential roles in plant sexual reproduction and the human diet. Successful fertilization involves delivery of sperm in the pollen tube to the egg cell within the ovary along the transmitting tract (TT). Fruit cavity is an undesirable trait directly affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus) commercial value. However, the regulatory genes underlying fruit cavity formation and female fertility determination remain unknown in crops. Here, we characterized a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) gene C. sativus SPATULA (CsSPT) and its redundant and divergent function with ALCATRAZ (CsALC) in cucumber. CsSPT transcripts were enriched in reproductive organs. Mutation of CsSPT resulted in 60% reduction in female fertility, with seed produced only in the upper portion of fruits. Csspt Csalc mutants displayed complete loss of female fertility and fruit cavity due to carpel separation. Further examination showed that stigmas in the double mutant turned outward with defective papillae identity, and extracellular matrix contents in the abnormal TT were dramatically reduced, which resulted in no path for pollen tube extension and no ovules fertilized. Biochemical and transcriptome analysis showed that CsSPT and CsALC act in homodimers and heterodimers to confer fruit cavity and female sterility by mediating genes involved in TT development, auxin-mediated signaling, and cell wall organization in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Fan S, Zhang Z, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang P. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmTCP19L increasing susceptibility to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267502. [PMID: 35679334 PMCID: PMC9182224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors is one of the superfamilies of plant-specific transcription factors involved in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress. However, there is no report on the research of the TCP transcription factors in soybean response to Phytophthora sojae. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector into soybean cultivar "Williams 82" and generated targeted mutants of GmTCP19L gene, which was previously related to involve in soybean responses to P. sojae. We obtained the tcp19l mutants with 2-bp deletion at GmTCP19L coding region, and the frameshift mutations produced premature translation termination codons and truncated GmTCP19L proteins, increasing susceptibility to P. sojae in the T2-generation. These results suggest that GmTCP19L encodes a TCP transcription factor that affects plant defense in soybean. The new soybean germplasm with homozygous tcp19l mutations but the BAR and Cas9 sequences were undetectable using strip and PCR methods, respectively, suggesting directions for the breeding or genetic engineering of disease-resistant soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- Crop Science Post-doctoral Station, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Piwu Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Liang J, Wu Z, Zheng J, Koskela EA, Fan L, Fan G, Gao D, Dong Z, Hou S, Feng Z, Wang F, Hytönen T, Wang H. The GATA factor HANABA TARANU promotes runner formation by regulating axillary bud initiation and outgrowth in cultivated strawberry. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1237-1254. [PMID: 35384101 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A runner, as an elongated branch, develops from the axillary bud (AXB) in the leaf axil and is crucial for the clonal propagation of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Runner formation occurs in at least two steps: AXB initiation and AXB outgrowth. HANABA TARANU (HAN ) encodes a GATA transcription factor that affects AXB initiation in Arabidopsis and promotes branching in grass species, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the function of a strawberry HAN homolog FaHAN in runner formation was characterized. FaHAN transcripts can be detected in the leaf axils. Overexpression (OE) of FaHAN increased the number of runners, mainly by enhancing AXB outgrowth, in strawberry. The expression of the strawberry homolog of BRANCHED1 , a key inhibitor of AXB outgrowth in many plant species, was significantly downregulated in the AXBs of FaHAN -OE lines, whereas the expression of the strawberry homolog of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, a marker gene for AXB initiation in Arabidopsis, was upregulated. Moreover, several genes of gibberellin biosynthesis and cytokinin signaling pathways were activated, whereas the auxin response pathway genes were repressed. Further assays indicated that FaHAN could be directly activated by FaNAC2, the overexpression of which in strawberry also increased the number of runners. The silencing of FaNAC2 or FaHAN inhibited AXB initiation and led to a higher proportion of dormant AXBs, confirming their roles in the control of runner formation. Taken together, our results revealed a FaNAC2-FaHAN pathway in the control of runner formation and have provided a means to enhance the vegetative propagation of cultivated strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Elli A Koskela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lingjiao Fan
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangxun Fan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dehang Gao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenfei Dong
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengfan Hou
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zekun Feng
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- NIAB EMR, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Jin K, Wang Y, Zhuo R, Xu J, Lu Z, Fan H, Huang B, Qiao G. TCP Transcription Factors Involved in Shoot Development of Ma Bamboo ( Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884443. [PMID: 35620688 PMCID: PMC9127963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) is the most widely cultivated clumping bamboo in Southern China and is valuable for both consumption and wood production. The development of bamboo shoots involving the occurrence of lateral buds is unique, and it affects both shoot yield and the resulting timber. Plant-specific TCP transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development, particularly in lateral bud outgrowth and morphogenesis. However, the comprehensive information of the TCP genes in Ma bamboo remains poorly understood. In this study, 66 TCP transcription factors were identified in Ma bamboo at the genome-wide level. Members of the same subfamily had conservative gene structures and conserved motifs. The collinear analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication occurred widely in the TCP transcription factors of Ma bamboo, which mainly led to the expansion of a gene family. Cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response were found in the promoter regions of DlTCPs. Expression patterns revealed that DlTCPs have tissue expression specificity, which is usually highly expressed in shoots and leaves. Subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation experiments demonstrated that the five candidate TCP proteins were typical self-activating nuclear-localized transcription factors. Additionally, the transcriptome analysis of the bamboo shoot buds at different developmental stages helped to clarify the underlying functions of the TCP members during the growth of bamboo shoots. DlTCP12-C, significantly downregulated as the bamboo shoots developed, was selected to further verify its molecular function in Arabidopsis. The DlTCP12-C overexpressing lines exhibited a marked reduction in the number of rosettes and branches compared with the wild type in Arabidopsis, suggesting that DlTCP12-C conservatively inhibits lateral bud outgrowth and branching in plants. This study provides useful insights into the evolutionary patterns and molecular functions of the TCP transcription factors in Ma bamboo and provides a valuable reference for further research on the regulatory mechanism of bamboo shoot development and lateral bud growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Forestry Faculty, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuchou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guirong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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Yi M, Yang H, Yang S, Wang J. Overexpression of SHORT-ROOT2 transcription factor enhances the outgrowth of mature axillary buds in poplar trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2469-2486. [PMID: 35107566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factors play important roles in asymmetric cell division and radial patterning of Arabidopsis roots. In hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba clone INRA 717-1B4), PtaSHR2 was preferentially expressed in axillary buds (AXBs) and transcriptionally up-regulated during AXB maturation and activation. Overexpression of SHR2 (PtSHR2OE) induced an enhanced outgrowth of AXBs below the bud maturation point, with a simultaneous transition of an active shoot apex into an arrested terminal bud. The larger and more mature AXBs of PtSHR2OE trees revealed altered expression of genes involved in axillary meristem initiation and bud activation, as well as a higher ratio of cytokinin to auxin. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of PtSHR2OE-induced high branching, subsequent molecular and biochemical studies showed that compared with wild-type trees, decapitation induced a quicker bud outburst in PtSHR2OE trees, which could be fully inhibited by exogenous application of auxin or cytokinin biosynthesis inhibitor, but not by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Our results indicated that overexpression of PtSHR2B disturbed the internal hormonal balance in AXBs by interfering with the basipetal transport of auxin, rather than causing auxin biosynthesis deficiency or auxin insensitivity, thereby releasing mature AXBs from apical dominance and promoting their outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heyu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Ge H, Li G, Wan S, Zhao A, Huang Y, Ma R, Zhang R, Song Y, Sha G. Whole genome re-sequencing and transcriptome reveal an alteration in hormone signal transduction in a more-branching mutant of apple. Gene 2022; 818:146214. [PMID: 35066064 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Branch number is an important trait in grafted apple breeding and cultivation. To provide new information on molecular mechanisms of apple branching, whole reduced-representation genomes and transcriptome of a wild-type (WT) apple (Malus spectabilis) and its more-branching (MB) mutant at the branching stage were examined in this study. Comparison of WT and MB genomes against the Malus domestica reference genome identified 14,908,939 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 173,315 insertions and deletions (InDels) in WT and 1,483,221 SNPs and 1,725,977 InDels in MB. Analysis of the genetic variation between MB and WT revealed 1,048,575 SNPs and 37,327 InDels. Among them, 24,303 SNPs and 891 InDels mapped to coding regions of 5,072 and 596 genes, respectively. GO and KEGG functional annotation of 3,846 and 944 genes, respectively, identified 32 variant genes related to plant hormone signal transduction that were involved in auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid pathways. The transcriptome pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis were also significantly enriched during MB branching. Furthermore, transcriptome data suggested the regulatory roles of auxin signaling, increase of cytokinin and genes of cytokinin synthesis and signaling, and the suppressed abscisic acid signaling. Our findings suggest that branching development in apple is regulated by plant hormone signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Ge
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Shuwei Wan
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Aihong Zhao
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Yue Huang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Rongqun Ma
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Yongjun Song
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Guangli Sha
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Hirakawa T, Tanno S. In Vitro Propagation of Humulus lupulus through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081066. [PMID: 35448794 PMCID: PMC9031650 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humulus lupulus (hop) is a necessary material for beer brewing. Improved breeding cultivars of hops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat stress, accompanying climate change have been developed. However, a propagation system, which is needed for the proliferation of new cultivars, is not currently available for hops. In this study, we found that treatment of stem explants with 0.01–0.05 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) induced the development of axillary buds in the hop cultivar Kirin-2, resulting in the proliferation of shoot branching. Additionally, 0.01 ppm benzyl adenine (BA) enhanced the development of axillary buds formed in response to 0.05 ppm GA3 in various hop cultivars, particularly Nugget. The development of axillary buds was strongly repressed by the application of 0.05 ppm BA at a concentration equal to the 0.05 ppm GA3 concentration, which showed the possibility that a high concentration of cytokinin preferentially prevents the effect of GA3 on the development of axillary buds in hops. These results indicated that combined treatment of stem explants with GA3 and cytokinin at appropriate concentrations is effective for the propagation of proliferated hop cultivars through shoot branching.
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Liu X, Yang X, Xie Q, Miao H, Bo K, Dong S, Xin T, Gu X, Sun J, Zhang S. NS encodes an auxin transporter that regulates the 'numerous spines' trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:325-336. [PMID: 35181968 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit spine is an important agronomic trait in cucumber and the "numerous spines (ns)" cucumber varieties are popular in Europe and West Asia. Although the classical genetic locus of ns was reported more than two decades ago, the NS gene has not been cloned yet. In this study, nine genetic loci for the different densities of fruit spines were identified by a genome-wide association study. Among the nine loci, fsdG2.1 was closely associated with the classical genetic locus ns, which harbors a candidate gene Csa2G264590. Overexpression of Csa2G264590 resulted in lower fruit spine density, and the knockout mutant generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed an increased spine density, demonstrating that the Csa2G264590 gene is NS. NS is specifically expressed in the fruit peel and spine. Genetic analysis showed that NS regulates fruit spine development independently of the tuberculate gene, Tu, which regulates spine development on tubercules; the cucumber glabrous mutants csgl1 and csgl3 are epistatic to ns. Furthermore, we found that auxin levels in the fruit peel and spine were significantly lower in the knockout mutant ns-cr. Moreover, RNA-sequencing showed that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was enriched. Notably, most of the auxin responsive Aux/IAA family genes were downregulated in ns-cr. Haplotype analysis showed that the non-functional haplotype of NS exists exclusively in the Eurasian cucumber backgrounds. Taken together, the cloning of NS gene provides new insights into the regulatory network of fruit spine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoyun Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tongxu Xin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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41
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Wang M, Ogé L, Pérez Garcia MD, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Le Gourrierec J, Hamama L, Sakr S. Antagonistic Effect of Sucrose Availability and Auxin on Rosa Axillary Bud Metabolism and Signaling, Based on the Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830840. [PMID: 35392520 PMCID: PMC8982072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is crucial for successful plant development and plant response to environmental factors. Extensive investigations have revealed the involvement of an intricate regulatory network including hormones and sugars. Recent studies have demonstrated that two major systemic regulators-auxin and sugar-antagonistically regulate plant branching. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this crosstalk. We carried out two complementary untargeted approaches-RNA-seq and metabolomics-on explant stem buds fed with different concentrations of auxin and sucrose resulting in dormant and non-dormant buds. Buds responded to the combined effect of auxin and sugar by massive reprogramming of the transcriptome and metabolome. The antagonistic effect of sucrose and auxin targeted several important physiological processes, including sink strength, the amino acid metabolism, the sulfate metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, the nucleic acid metabolism, and phytohormone signaling. Further experiments revealed a role of the TOR-kinase signaling pathway in bud outgrowth through at least downregulation of Rosa hybrida BRANCHED1 (RhBRC1). These new findings represent a cornerstone to further investigate the diverse molecular mechanisms that drive the integration of endogenous factors during shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | | | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jose Le Gourrierec
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
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Grundmann L, Känel A, Muth J, Beinecke F, Jekat M, Shen Y, Kudithipudi C, Xu D, Yang J, Warek U, Strickland J, Prüfer D, Noll GA. Tissue-specific expression of barnase in tobacco delays axillary shoot development after topping. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:411-413. [PMID: 34861093 PMCID: PMC8882766 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Grundmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEMünsterGermany
| | - Andrea Känel
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jost Muth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Farina Beinecke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEMünsterGermany
| | - Marion Jekat
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEMünsterGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEMünsterGermany
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Gundula A. Noll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEMünsterGermany
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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Ma J, Xie L, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Zhang D. Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Bud Outgrowth by Modulating Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Signalling Pathways in Apple Identified via Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020581. [PMID: 35054767 PMCID: PMC8776233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclanilide (CYC), a plant growth regulator, is a potent shoot branching agent in apple. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The current study revealed that CYC treatment resulted in massive reprogramming of the axillary bud transcriptome, implicating several hormones in the response. We observed a marked increase (approximately 2-fold) in the level of zeatin riboside and a significant decrease (approximately 2-fold) in the level of abscisic acid (ABA). Zeatin metabolism gene cytokinin (CTK) oxidase 1 (CKX 1) was down-regulated at 168 h after CYC treatment compared with the control. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated the turquoise module clusters exhibited the highest positive correlation with zeatin riboside (r = 0.92) and the highest negative correlation with ABA (r = -0.8). A total of 37 genes were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in the turquoise module. Among them, the expressions of CTK receptor genes WOODEN LEG and the CTK type-A response regulators genes ARR3 and ARR9 were up-regulated. ABA signal response genes protein phosphatase 2C genes ABI2 and ABI5 were down-regulated in lateral buds after CYC treatment at 168 h. In addition, exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA, a synthetic type of CTK) and CYC enhanced the inducing effect of CYC, whereas exogenous application of lovastatin (a synthetic type of inhibitor of CTK biosynthesis) or ABA and CYC weakened the promoting effect of CYC. These results collectively revealed that the stimulation of bud growth by CYC might involve CTK biosynthesis and signalling, including genes CKX1 and ARR3/9, which provided a direction for further study of the branching promoting mechanism of CYC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dong Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-029-87082849
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Dou J, Yang H, Sun D, Yang S, Sun S, Zhao S, Lu X, Zhu H, Liu D, Ma C, Liu W, Yang L. The branchless gene Clbl in watermelon encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein regulates the number of lateral branches. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:65-79. [PMID: 34562124 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A SNP mutation in Clbl gene encoding TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein is responsible for watermelon branchless. Lateral branching is one of the most important traits, which directly determines plant architecture and crop productivity. Commercial watermelon has the characteristics of multiple lateral branches, and it is time-consuming and labor-costing to manually remove the lateral branches in traditional watermelon cultivation. In our present study, a lateral branchless trait was identified in watermelon material WCZ, and genetic analysis revealed that it was controlled by a single recessive gene, which named as Clbl (Citrullus lanatus branchless). A bulked segregant sequencing (BSA-seq) and linkage analysis was conducted to primarily map Clbl on watermelon chromosome 4. Next-generation sequencing-aided marker discovery and a large mapping population consisting of 1406 F2 plants were used to further map Clbl locus into a 9011-bp candidate region, which harbored only one candidate gene Cla018392 encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein. Sequence comparison of Cla018392 between two parental lines revealed that there was a SNP detected from C to A in the coding region in the branchless inbred line WCZ, which resulted in a mutation from alanine (GCA) to glutamate (GAA) at the fourth exon. A dCAPS marker was developed from the SNP locus, which was co-segregated with the branchless phenotype in both BC1 and F2 population, and it was further validated in 152 natural watermelon accessions. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization showed that the expression level of Cla018392 was significantly reduced in the axillary bud and apical bud in branchless line WCZ. Ectopic expression of ClTFL1 in Arabidopsis showed an increased number of lateral branches. The results of this study will be helpful for better understanding the molecular mechanism of lateral branch development in watermelon and for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for new branchless watermelon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongling Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shouru Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Khuvung K, Silva Gutierrez FAO, Reinhardt D. How Strigolactone Shapes Shoot Architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889045. [PMID: 35903239 PMCID: PMC9315439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite its central role in the control of plant architecture, strigolactone has been recognized as a phytohormone only 15 years ago. Together with auxin, it regulates shoot branching in response to genetically encoded programs, as well as environmental cues. A central determinant of shoot architecture is apical dominance, i.e., the tendency of the main shoot apex to inhibit the outgrowth of axillary buds. Hence, the execution of apical dominance requires long-distance communication between the shoot apex and all axillary meristems. While the role of strigolactone and auxin in apical dominance appears to be conserved among flowering plants, the mechanisms involved in bud activation may be more divergent, and include not only hormonal pathways but also sugar signaling. Here, we discuss how spatial aspects of SL biosynthesis, transport, and sensing may relate to apical dominance, and we consider the mechanisms acting locally in axillary buds during dormancy and bud activation.
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Wu F, Gao Y, Yang W, Sui N, Zhu J. Biological Functions of Strigolactones and Their Crosstalk With Other Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821563. [PMID: 35283865 PMCID: PMC8908206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are small chemicals critical for plant development and adaptation to a changing environment. Strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid-derived small signalling molecules and a class of phytohormones, regulate multiple developmental processes and respond to diverse environmental signals. SLs also coordinate adjustments in the balance of resource distribution by strategic modification of the plant development, allowing plants to adapt to nutrient deficiency. Instead of operating independently, SL interplays with abscisic acid, cytokinin, auxin, ethylene, and some other plant phytohormones, forming elaborate signalling networks. Hormone signalling crosstalk in plant development and environmental response may occur in a fully concerted manner or as a cascade of sequential events. In many cases, the exact underlying mechanism is unclear because of the different effects of phytohormones and the varying backgrounds of their actions. In this review, we systematically summarise the synthesis, signal transduction, and biological functions of SLs and further highlight the significance of crosstalk between SLs and other phytohormones during plant development and resistance to ever-changing environments.
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Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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Goetz M, Rabinovich M, Smith HM. The role of auxin and sugar signaling in dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1189-1201. [PMID: 34734274 PMCID: PMC8566266 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dominance inhibition of shoot growth by fruit load is a major factor that regulates shoot architecture and limits yield in agriculture and horticulture crops. In annual plants, the inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load occurs at a late stage of inflorescence development termed the end of flowering transition. Physiological studies show this transition is mediated by production and export of auxin from developing fruits in close proximity to the inflorescence apex. In the meristem, cessation of inflorescence growth is controlled in part by the age-dependent pathway, which regulates the timing of arrest. Here, we show the end of flowering transition is a two-step process in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The first stage is characterized by a cessation of inflorescence growth, while immature fruit continues to develop. At this stage, dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load is associated with a selective dampening of auxin transport in the apical region of the stem. Subsequently, an increase in auxin response in the vascular tissues of the apical stem where developing fruits are attached marks the second stage for the end of flowering transition. Similar to the vegetative and floral transition, the end of flowering transition is associated with a change in sugar signaling and metabolism in the inflorescence apex. Taken together, our results suggest that during the end of flowering transition, dominance inhibition of inflorescence shoot growth by fruit load is mediated by auxin and sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Goetz
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maia Rabinovich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Harley M Smith
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Xu E, Chai L, Zhang S, Yu R, Zhang X, Xu C, Hu Y. Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1495-1504. [PMID: 34764442 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones that control shoot branching and communications between host plants and symbiotic fungi or root parasitic plants. Extensive studies have identified the key components participating in SL biosynthesis and signalling, whereas the catabolism or deactivation of endogenous SLs in planta remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) and its orthologues function as efficient hydrolases of SLs. We show that overexpression of AtCXE15 promotes shoot branching by dampening SL-inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. We further demonstrate that AtCXE15 could bind and efficiently hydrolyse SLs both in vitro and in planta. We also provide evidence that AtCXE15 is capable of catalysing hydrolysis of diverse SL analogues and that such CXE15-dependent catabolism of SLs is evolutionarily conserved in seed plants. These results disclose a catalytic mechanism underlying homoeostatic regulation of SLs in plants, which also provides a rational approach to spatial-temporally manipulate the endogenous SLs and thus architecture of crops and ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Chongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
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Zhou J, Ma F, Yao Y, Deng M, Chen M, Zhang S, Li Y, Yang J, Zhang N, Huang J, Sun Q, Sun J. Jujube witches' broom phytoplasma effectors SJP1 and SJP2 induce lateral bud outgrowth by repressing the ZjBRC1-controlled auxin efflux channel. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3257-3272. [PMID: 34189742 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensively controlling phytoplasma-associated jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease is extremely challenging for the jujube industry. Although the pathogenesis of phytoplasma disease has been highlighted in many plant species, the release of lateral buds from dormancy under JWB phytoplasma infection has not been characterized in woody perennial jujube. Here, two 16SrV-B group phytoplasma effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, were experimentally determined to induce witches' broom with increased lateral branches. In vivo interaction and subcellular localization analyses showed that both SJP1 and SJP2 were translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to target the CYC/TB1-TCP transcription factor ZjBRC1. The N- and C-terminal coiled-coil domains of SJP1 and SJP2 were required for the TCP-binding ability. ZjBRC1 bound directly to the auxin efflux carrier ZjPIN1c/3 promoters and down-regulated their expression to promote the accumulation of endogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid in jujube calli. Furthermore, JWB phytoplasma infection suppressed ZjBRC1 accumulation and induced ZjPIN1c/3 expression to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth. Therefore, SJP1 and SJP2 stimulate lateral bud outgrowth, at least partly, by repressing the ZjBRC1-controlled auxin efflux channel in jujube, representing a potential strategy for comprehensive phytoplasma-associated disease control and a resource for gene editing breeding to create new cultivars with varying degrees of shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei City, China
| | - Fuli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Yu Yao
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Mingsheng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Shanqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Jingqiu Huang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
| | - Qibao Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei City, China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, China
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