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Bakshi B, Polasky S. The effect of forest composition on outdoor recreation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121397. [PMID: 38878569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate change will shift the composition of northern Minnesota forests from boreal to temperate by the end of the century. This shift in forest composition will likely affect outdoor recreation, a valuable ecosystem service and a key economic driver for the region. In this context, the objective of our paper is to empirically examine the relationship between forest composition and recreation. We analyze the effect of changes in forest composition for seven forest types on seven types of recreation using a lognormal pooled panel regression model for Minnesota's Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. Earlier research showed forest composition affected recreation at the level of broad groups of broadleaved or coniferous species. We find a statistically significant empirical association between forest composition and recreation at the forest type level (forest types within those broad groups). This relationship varies across forest types and recreation categories. For example, big game hunting is positively related to elm-ash-cottonwood and white-red-jack pine and negatively associated with aspen-birch. We find individual forest types within broad groups of broadleaved or coniferous forests, have different relationships with recreation, so that these broad groups are not sufficient in capturing the effect of forest composition on recreation. Our results are of interest in the context of current shifts in forest composition caused by climate change, which could also affect recreation. Our findings suggest adding a forest composition lens to existing policies could facilitate strategies for more effective recreation management and climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishali Bakshi
- Natural Resources Science and Management, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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An N, Lu N, Wang M, Chen Y, Wu F, Fu B. Plant size traits are key contributors in the spatial variation of net primary productivity across terrestrial biomes in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171412. [PMID: 38447733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial variability of ecosystem functions is an important step forward in predicting changes in ecosystems under global transformations. Plant functional traits are important drivers of ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). Although trait-based approaches have advanced rapidly, the extent to which specific plant functional traits are linked to the spatial diversity of NPP at a regional scale remains uncertain. Here, we used structural equation models (SEMs) to disentangle the relative effects of abiotic variables (i.e., climate, soil, nitrogen deposition, and human footprint) and biotic variables (i.e., plant functional traits and community structure) on the spatial variation of NPP across China and its eight biomes. Additionally, we investigated the indirect influence of climate and soil on the spatial variation of NPP by directly affecting plant functional traits. Abiotic and biotic variables collectively explained 62.6 % of the spatial differences of NPP within China, and 28.0 %-69.4 % across the eight distinct biomes. The most important abiotic factors, temperature and precipitation, had positive effects for NPP spatial variation. Interestingly, plant functional traits associated with the size of plant organs (i.e., plant height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density) were the primary biotic drivers, and their positive effects were independent of biome type. Incorporating plant functional traits improved predictions of NPP by 6.7 %-50.2 %, except for the alpine tundra on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our study identifies the principal factors regulating NPP spatial variation and highlights the importance of plant size traits in predictions of NPP variation at a large scale. These results provide new insights for involving plant size traits in carbon process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan An
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Library, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yongzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 999077, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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3
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Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, Alahmad B, Mmbaga BT, Masenga GG, Sampath V, Christiani DC, Haahtela T, Renz H. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1194-1205. [PMID: 38309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss significantly disrupt the functioning of the human immune system. These exposures manifest in a broad range of stimuli, including antigens, allergens, heat stress, pollutants, microbiota changes, and other toxic substances. Such exposures pose a direct and indirect threat to our body's primary line of defense, the epithelial barrier, affecting its physical integrity and functional efficacy. Furthermore, these climate-related environmental stressors can hyperstimulate the innate immune system and influence adaptive immunity-notably, in terms of developing and preserving immune tolerance. The loss or failure of immune tolerance can instigate a wide spectrum of noncommunicable diseases such as autoimmune conditions, allergy, respiratory illnesses, metabolic diseases, obesity, and others. As new evidence unfolds, there is a need for additional research in climate change and immunology that covers diverse environments in different global settings and uses modern biologic and epidemiologic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard G Masenga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Yang X, Feng Q, Zhu M, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang C, Wang Z, Feng Y. Vegetation communities and soil properties along the restoration process of the Jinqianghe mine site in the Qilian Mountains, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358309. [PMID: 38711611 PMCID: PMC11070538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The study explores the impact of mine grassland restoration on plant communities and soil properties in alpine grasslands, a subject of significant interest due to the observed relationship between grassland changes, plant communities, and soil properties. While prior research has mainly focused on the consequences of grassland degradation on plant diversity and soil characteristics, the specific effects of varying restoration degrees in alpine mining grasslands at the regional scale remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we established 15 sampling plots (0.5m×0.5m) across five different restoration degrees within alpine mining grasslands in the Qilian Mountains, China. Our objective was to assess the variations in plant diversity and soil properties along these restoration gradients. We conducted comprehensive analyses, encompassing soil properties [soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen, soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC)], plant characteristics (height, density, frequency, coverage, and aboveground biomass), and plant diversity indices (Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, Dominance, and Evenness indexes). Our findings included the identification and collection of 18 plant species from 11 families and 16 genera across the five restoration degrees: Very Low Restoration Degree (VLRD), Low Restoration Degree (LRD), Moderate Restoration Degree (MRD), High Restoration Degree (HRD), and Natural Grassland (NGL). Notably, species like Carex duriuscula, Cyperus rotundus, and Polygonum viviparum showed signs of recovery. Principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that soil pH, SWC, SOC, NO3-N, and AN were the primary environmental factors influencing plant communities. Specifically, soil pH and EC decreased as restoration levels increased, while SWC, AN, TP, NH4-N, TN, AP, SOC, and NO3-N exhibited a gradual increase with greater restoration efforts. Furthermore, the HRD plant community demonstrated similarities to the NGL, indicating the most effective natural recovery. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the responses of plant community characteristics, plant diversity, and soil properties across varying restoration degrees to environmental factors. It also elucidates the characteristics of plant communities along recovery gradients in alpine grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Technology Innovation Center for Mine Geological Environment Restoration in the Alpine and Arid Regions, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Feng
- Technology Innovation Center for Mine Geological Environment Restoration in the Alpine and Arid Regions, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, China
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Li T, Chang S, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Peng Z, Li L, Lou S, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhong H, Zhu H, Hou F, Nan Z. Interactive effects of grassland utilization and climatic factors govern the plant diversity-soil C relationship in steppe of North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171171. [PMID: 38402971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between plant diversity and the ecosystem carbon pool is important for understanding the role of biodiversity in regulating ecosystem functions. However, it is not clear how the relationship between plant diversity and soil carbon content changes under different grassland use patterns. In a 3-year study from 2013 to 2015, we investigated plant diversity and soil total carbon (TC) content of grasslands in northern China under different grassland utilization methods (grazing, mowing, and enclosure) and climatic conditions. Shannon-Wiener and Species richness index of grassland were significantly decreased by grazing and mowing. Plant diversity was positively correlated with annual precipitation (AP) and negatively correlated with annual mean temperature (AMT). AP was the primary regulator of plant diversity. Grazing and mowing decreased TC levels in grasslands compared with enclosures, especially in topsoil (0-20 cm). The average TC content was decreased by 58 % and 36 % in the 0-10 cm soil layer, while it was decreased by 68 % and 39 % in 10-20 cm soil layer. TC was positively correlated with AP and negatively correlated with AMT. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that plant diversity was positively correlated with soil TC, and the correlation decreased with an increase in the soil depth. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for predicting soil carbon storage in grasslands under human disturbances and climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yunxiang Cheng
- College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zechen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | | | - Huaping Zhong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Huazhong Zhu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Cheng C, Zhang J, Li M, Liu C, Xu L, He N. Vertical structural complexity of plant communities represents the combined effects of resource acquisition and environmental stress on the Tibetan Plateau. Commun Biol 2024; 7:395. [PMID: 38561417 PMCID: PMC10984992 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertical structural complexity (VSC) of plant communities reflects the occupancy of spatial niches and is closely related to resource utilization and environmental adaptation. However, understanding the large-scale spatial pattern of VSC and its underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we systematically investigate 2013 plant communities through grid sampling on the Tibetan Plateau. VSC is quantified as the maximum plant height within a plot (Height-max), coefficient of variation of plant height (Height-var), and Shannon evenness of plant height (Height-even). Precipitation dominates the spatial variation in VSC in forests and shrublands, supporting the classic physiological tolerance hypothesis. In contrast, for alpine meadows, steppes, and desert grasslands in extreme environments, non-resource limiting factors (e.g., wide diurnal temperature ranges and strong winds) dominate VSC variation. Generally, with the shifting of climate from favorable to extreme, the effect of resource availability gradually decreases, but the effect of non-resource limiting factors gradually increases, and that the physiological tolerance hypothesis only applicable in favorable conditions. With the help of machine learning models, maps of VSC at 1-km resolution are produced for the Tibetan Plateau. Our findings and maps of VSC provide insights into macroecological studies, especially for adaptation mechanisms and model optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Jing H, Xiong X, Jiang F, Pu X, Ma W, Li D, Liu Z, Wang Z. Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:403-413. [PMID: 37606847 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems, changing community composition and ecosystem functions. However, we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies (different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits, including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy) would change in response to climate change, and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity. Here, using long-term (1982-2017) observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness (SR) and functional richness (FRic) for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies. Specifically, based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum (leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, and specific leaf area), we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive, medium, and resource-conservative species. We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies. We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate, which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species. However, community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change. Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Jing
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xingshuo Xiong
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xucai Pu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Zhongling Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Yan K, Lu DS, Ding CJ, Wang Y, Tian YR, Su XH, Dong YF, Wang YP. Rare and abundant bacterial communities in poplar rhizosphere soils respond differently to genetic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168216. [PMID: 37923276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and soil microbes are important to plant hybrid breeding under global change. However, the relationship between host plants and rhizosphere soil microorganisms has not been fully elucidated. Understanding the rhizosphere microbial structure of parents and progenies would provide a deeper insight into how genetic effects modulate the relationship between plants and soil. In this study, two family groups of poplar trees (A: parents and their two progenies; B: parents and their one progeny) with different genetic backgrounds (including seven genotypes) were selected from a common garden, and their rhizobacterial communities were analyzed to explore parent-progeny relationships. Our results showed significant differences in phylogenetic diversity, the number of 16S genes and the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities (Adonis: R2 = 0.166, P < 0.01) between different family groups. Rhizosphere bacterial community structure was significantly dominated by genetic effects. Compared with abundant taxa, genetic effects were more powerful drivers of rare taxa. In addition, bacterial communities of hybrid progenies were all significantly more similar to their parents compared to the other group of parents, especially among rare taxa. The two poplar family groups exhibited differences between their rhizosphere bacterial co-occurrence networks. Group B had a relatively complex network with 2380 edges and 468 nodes, while group A had 1829 edges and 304 nodes. Soil organic carbon and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) also influenced the rhizosphere bacterial community assembly. This was especially true for soil C/N, which explained 23 % of the β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) variation in rare taxa. Our results reveal the relationship of rhizosphere microorganisms between parents and progenies. This can help facilitate an understanding of the combination of plant breeding with microbes resource utilization and provide a theoretical basis for scientific advancement to support the development of forestry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - De Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chang Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yong Ren Tian
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiao Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | | | - Yan Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Cultivation of Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Zhou Y, Chang S, Huang X, Wang W, Hou F, Wang Y, Nan Z. Assembly of typical steppe community and functional groups along the precipitation gradient from 1985 to 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167545. [PMID: 37793455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term observations have shown that structure and function of grasslands have changed due to climate change over the past decades. However, little is known about how grasslands respond to climate change along the precipitation gradient, and potential mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we utilize a long-term experiment in typical steppe to explore universal and differential mechanisms of community and functional groups assembly along the precipitation gradient. Our results indicated that the sensitivity of community and functional groups assembly to climate change was related to local precipitation. The strength of the positive effects of climate change on aboveground biomass, species richness, and their relationship of community decreased modestly with local precipitation. The mechanism behind this was the change in plant community composition of the precipitation-induced, annuals that was more responsive to climate change decreased as increased local precipitation. Furthermore, current and past climate both drove community and functional group assembly, and the role of past climate diminished with increasing local precipitation. Among them, climate fluctuation, average climate and current climate were the most critical climate indicators affecting community and functional groups assembly in low, medium and high precipitation sites, respectively. In conclusion, climatic change do not always exert identical effects on grasslands along the precipitation gradient. This could be critical importance for improving our ability to predict future changes in grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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10
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D’Antraccoli M, Peruzzi L, Conti F, Galasso G, Roma-Marzio F, Bartolucci F. Floristic Richness in a Mediterranean Hotspot: A Journey across Italy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38202320 PMCID: PMC10780309 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Species richness is a fundamental property of biodiversity patterns and is properly expressed by the species-area relationship (SAR), namely the increase in the number of species with the area. Here, we studied and explored the species-area relationship with respect to vascular plant species in Italy and compared vascular plant richness among Italian administrative regions. Concerning the entire vascular flora (native and alien), the best-performing formula is the Arrhenius' Power function: S = c Az. The constants of this function are c = 241.2 and z = 0.281. The best-performing formula concerning just native (c = 245.2 and z = 0.263) and alien (c = 10.1 and z = 0.404) richness is the Power function as well. The floristically richest Italian regions considering the entire flora are Liguria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Trentino-Alto Adige, which are also the regions that are richest in alien flora unfortunately. Regions of particular naturalistic interest are Abruzzo, Valle d'Aosta, and Molise, because only these three regions exhibit native floristic richness that is higher than expected, and this is coupled with an alien floristic richness that is lower than expected. On the contrary, four regions (Lombardia, Veneto, Toscana, and Emilia-Romagna) show potentially severe conservation problems due to biological invasions since they experience native floristic richness that is lower than expected, with an alien floristic richness that is higher than expected. This study offers for the first time the 'c' and 'z' constants specifically calibrated at the national level for Italian vascular flora. The availability of such constants allows the calculation of the number of expected species for a given area to be investigated, providing a robust starting hypothesis for floristic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D’Antraccoli
- Pisa Botanic Garden and Museum, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.R.-M.)
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- Pisa Botanic Garden and Museum, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.R.-M.)
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Conti
- Floristic Research Center of the Apennine, University of Camerino, Gran Sasso Laga National Park, San Colombo, Barisciano, 67021 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Gabriele Galasso
- Sezione di Botanica, Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso Venezia 55, 20121 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Roma-Marzio
- Pisa Botanic Garden and Museum, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.R.-M.)
| | - Fabrizio Bartolucci
- Floristic Research Center of the Apennine, University of Camerino, Gran Sasso Laga National Park, San Colombo, Barisciano, 67021 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.C.); (F.B.)
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11
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Noulèkoun F, Mensah S, Kim H, Jo H, Gouwakinnou GN, Houéhanou TD, Mensah M, Naab J, Son Y, Khamzina A. Tree size diversity is the major driver of aboveground carbon storage in dryland agroforestry parklands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22210. [PMID: 38097646 PMCID: PMC10721610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of agroforestry parkland systems for ecosystem and livelihood benefits, evidence on determinants of carbon storage in parklands remains scarce. Here, we assessed the direct and indirect influence of human management (selective harvesting of trees), abiotic factors (climate, topography, and soil) and multiple attributes of species diversity (taxonomic, functional, and structural) on aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks in 51 parklands in drylands of Benin. We used linear mixed-effects regressions and structural equation modeling to test the relative effects of these predictors on AGC stocks. We found that structural diversity (tree size diversity, HDBH) had the strongest (effect size β = 0.59, R2 = 54%) relationship with AGC stocks, followed by community-weighted mean of maximum height (CWMMAXH). Taxonomic diversity had no significant direct relationship with AGC stocks but influenced the latter indirectly through its negative effect on CWMMAXH, reflecting the impact of species selection by farmers. Elevation and soil total organic carbon content positively influenced AGC stocks both directly and indirectly via HDBH. No significant association was found between AGC stocks and tree harvesting factor. Our results suggest the mass ratio, niche complementarity and environmental favorability as underlying mechanisms of AGC storage in the parklands. Our findings also highlight the potential role of human-driven filtering of local species pool in regulating the effect of biodiversity on AGC storage in the parklands. We conclude that the promotion of AGC stocks in parklands is dependent on protecting tree regeneration in addition to enhancing tree size diversity and managing tall-stature trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Noulèkoun
- Agroforestry Systems and Ecology Laboratory (ASEL), Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sylvanus Mensah
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - HyungSub Kim
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Heejae Jo
- Agroforestry Systems and Ecology Laboratory (ASEL), Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Gérard N Gouwakinnou
- Research Unit of Biodiversity Conservation at the Interface People-Land Use and Climate Changes, Laboratory of Ecology, Botany and Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 125, Parakou, Benin
| | - Thierry D Houéhanou
- Research Unit of Biodiversity Conservation at the Interface People-Land Use and Climate Changes, Laboratory of Ecology, Botany and Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 125, Parakou, Benin
| | - Michael Mensah
- Department of Business Administration, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jesse Naab
- West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), P.O. Box 9507, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Yowhan Son
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Asia Khamzina
- Agroforestry Systems and Ecology Laboratory (ASEL), Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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12
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Li H, Terrer C, Berdugo M, Maestre FT, Zhu Z, Peñuelas J, Yu K, Luo L, Gong JY, Ye JS. Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad242. [PMID: 37900195 PMCID: PMC10600907 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown, however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity (1-precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ∼0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass (AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55 (P < 0.05). By coupling remote sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO2 enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. These findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
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13
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Fang K, Yang AL, Li YX, Zeng ZY, Wang RF, Li T, Zhao ZW, Zhang HB. Native plants change the endophyte assembly and growth of an invasive plant in response to climatic factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0109323. [PMID: 37815356 PMCID: PMC10617555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01093-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, microbial endophytes, and local plants can affect the establishment and expansion of invasive species, yet no study has been performed to assess these interactions. Using a growth chamber, we integrated the belowground (rhizosphere soils) and aboveground (mixture of mature leaf and leaf litter) microbiota into an experimental framework to evaluate the impacts of four native plants acting as microbial inoculation sources on endophyte assembly and growth of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora in response to drought stress and temperature change. We found that fungal and bacterial enrichment in the leaves and roots of A. adenophora exhibited distinct patterns in response to climatic factors. Many fungi were enriched in roots in response to high temperature and drought stress; in contrast, many bacteria were enriched in leaves in response to low temperature and drought stress. Inoculation of microbiota from phylogenetically close native plant species (i.e., Asteraceae Artemisia atrovirens) causes the recipient plant A. adenophora (Asteraceae) to enrich dominant microbial species from inoculation sources, which commonly results in a lower dissimilar endophytic microbiota and thus produces more negative growth effects when compared to non-Asteraceae inoculations. Drought, microbial inoculation source, and temperature directly impacted the growth of A. adenophora. Both drought and inoculation also indirectly impacted the growth of A. adenophora by changing the root endophytic fungal assembly. Our data indicate that native plant identity can greatly impact the endophyte assembly and host growth of invasive plants, which is regulated by drought and temperature.IMPORTANCEThere has been increasing interest in the interactions between global changes and plant invasions; however, it remains to quantify the role of microbial endophytes in plant invasion with a consideration of their variation in the root vs leaf of hosts, as well as the linkages between microbial inoculations, such as native plant species, and climatic factors, such as temperature and drought. Our study found that local plants acting as microbial inoculants can impact fungal and bacterial enrichment in the leaves and roots of the invasive plant Ageratina adenophora and thus produce distinct growth effects in response to climatic factors; endophyte-mediated invasion of A. adenophora is expected to operate more effectively under favorable moisture. Our study is important for understanding the interactions between climate change, microbial endophytes, and local plant identity in the establishment and expansion of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Fang Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Post E, Kaarlejärvi E, Macias-Fauria M, Watts DA, Bøving PS, Cahoon SMP, Higgins RC, John C, Kerby JT, Pedersen C, Post M, Sullivan PF. Large herbivore diversity slows sea ice-associated decline in arctic tundra diversity. Science 2023; 380:1282-1287. [PMID: 37347848 DOI: 10.1126/science.add2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is declining globally in response to multiple human stressors, including climate forcing. Nonetheless, local diversity trends are inconsistent in some taxa, obscuring contributions of local processes to global patterns. Arctic tundra diversity, including plants, fungi, and lichens, declined during a 15-year experiment that combined warming with exclusion of large herbivores known to influence tundra vegetation composition. Tundra diversity declined regardless of experimental treatment, as background growing season temperatures rose with sea ice loss. However, diversity declined slower with large herbivores than without them. This difference was associated with an increase in effective diversity of large herbivores as formerly abundant caribou declined and muskoxen increased. Efforts that promote herbivore diversity, such as rewilding, may help mitigate impacts of warming on tundra diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Post
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Research Center for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Macias-Fauria
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David A Watts
- Alaska State Virology Laboratory, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Pernille Sporon Bøving
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean M P Cahoon
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA
| | - R Conor Higgins
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christian John
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Kerby
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Pedersen
- Department of Landscape Monitoring, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Mason Post
- Department of Genome Sciences and Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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15
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Franzese J, Ripa RR. Common juniper, an overlooked conifer with high invasion potential in protected areas of Patagonia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9818. [PMID: 37330618 PMCID: PMC10276858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of early detection of biological invasions are widely recognized, especially for protected areas (PAs). However, research on incipient invasive plant species is scarce compared to species with a recognized history of invasion. Here, we characterized the invasion status of the non-native conifer Juniperus communis in PAs and interface areas of Andean Patagonia, Argentina. We mapped its distribution and described both the invasion and the environments this species inhabits through field studies, a literature review, and a citizen science initiative. We also modeled the species' potential distribution by comparing the climatic characteristics of its native range with those of the introduced ranges studied. The results show that J. communis is now widely distributed in the region, occurring naturally in diverse habitats, and frequently within and close to PAs. This species can be considered an incipient invader with a high potential for expansion in its regional distribution range, largely due to its high reproductive potential and the high habitat suitability of this environment. Early detection of a plant invasion affords a valuable opportunity to inform citizens of the potential risks to high conservation value ecosystems before the invader is perceived as a natural component of the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelina Franzese
- Investigaciones de Ecología en Ambientes Antropizados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET-UNCo), R8400, S. C. Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Ramiro Rubén Ripa
- Grupo de Genética Ecológica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET-UNCo), Evolutiva y de la Conservación, R8400, S. C. Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Evolución, Ecología Histórica y Ambiente (CONICET-UTN), San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
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16
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Abstract
Plant diseases are strongly influenced by host biodiversity, spatial structure, and abiotic conditions. All of these are undergoing rapid change, as the climate is warming, habitats are being lost, and nitrogen deposition is changing nutrient dynamics of ecosystems with ensuing consequences for biodiversity. Here, I review examples of plant-pathogen associations to demonstrate how our ability to understand, model and predict disease dynamics is becoming increasingly difficult, as both plant and pathogen populations and communities are undergoing extensive change. The extent of this change is influenced via both direct and combined effects of global change drivers, and especially the latter are still poorly understood. Change at one trophic level is expected to drive change also at the other, and hence feedback loops between plants and their pathogens are expected to drive changes in disease risk both through ecological as well as evolutionary mechanisms. Many of the examples discussed here demonstrate an increase in disease risk as a result of ongoing change, suggesting that unless we successfully mitigate global environmental change, plant disease is going to become an increasingly heavy burden on our societies with far-reaching consequences for food security and functioning of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Laine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO BOX 65 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Zu K, Zhang C, Chen F, Zhang Z, Ahmad S, Nabi G. Latitudinal gradients of angiosperm plant diversity and phylogenetic structure in China’s nature reserves. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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18
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Lebrija-Trejos E, Hernández A, Wright SJ. Effects of moisture and density-dependent interactions on tropical tree diversity. Nature 2023; 615:100-104. [PMID: 36792827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tree diversity increases with rainfall1,2. Direct physiological effects of moisture availability and indirect effects mediated by biotic interactions are hypothesized to contribute to this pantropical increase in diversity with rainfall2-6. Previous studies have demonstrated direct physiological effects of variation in moisture availability on tree survival and diversity5,7-10, but the indirect effects of variation in moisture availability on diversity mediated by biotic interactions have not been shown11. Here we evaluate the relationships between interannual variation in moisture availability, the strength of density-dependent interactions, and seedling diversity in central Panama. Diversity increased with soil moisture over the first year of life across 20 annual cohorts. These first-year changes in diversity persisted for at least 15 years. Differential survival of moisture-sensitive species did not contribute to the observed changes in diversity. Rather, negative density-dependent interactions among conspecifics were stronger and increased diversity in wetter years. This suggests that moisture availability enhances diversity indirectly through moisture-sensitive, density-dependent conspecific interactions. Pathogens and phytophagous insects mediate interactions among seedlings in tropical forests12-18, and many of these plant enemies are themselves moisture-sensitive19-27. Changes in moisture availability caused by climate change and habitat degradation may alter these interactions and tropical tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel.
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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19
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Chandra K, Spicer RA, Shukla A, Spicer T, Mehrotra RC, Singh AK. Paleogene Ficus leaves from India and their implications for fig evolution and diversification. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:1-21. [PMID: 36821420 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ficus is a scientifically and economically important genus with abundant fossil records from the Paleocene to Pleistocene, but with an intriguing early evolutionary history that remains unresolved. Here, the foliage of three well-preserved figs is described from the early Paleogene succession of the Gurha mine, Rajasthan, India. These fossils provide new morphological data that strengthens our understanding of the past occurrences of Ficus and, alongside all validly published records of fossil figs, helps to trace the evolutionary history of figs. METHODS Fossils were identified and described by comparison with their closest modern analogs using the Nearest Living Relative (NLR) technique. Validated fig records are listed and categorized into six geological time frames. Modern precipitation data for the current distributions of NLRs were downloaded from the Climatic Research Unit Timeseries. RESULTS Fossil leaves assigned to three new species Ficus paleodicranostyla, F. paleovariegata, and F. paleoauriculata closely resemble their modern analogs based on leaf morphology. Reliable fossil records were used to hypothesize historical fig distributions and paleodispersal pathways. Precipitation data suggest higher precipitations at the fossil locality during the early Paleogene than at present. CONCLUSIONS The fossils described herein supplement fig fossil records known from other regions indicating that figs were widely diverse across low latitudes by the early Paleogene. These data support a Eurasian origin for figs, highlight a pivotal role for the Indian subcontinent during the early phase of fig diversification, and depict a perhumid-to-humid climate with high rainfall concordant with paleoclimate evidence from the Gurha mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chandra
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - R A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Anumeha Shukla
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Teresa Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - R C Mehrotra
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
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20
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He X, Hanusch M, Ruiz-Hernández V, Junker RR. Accuracy of mutual predictions of plant and microbial communities vary along a successional gradient in an alpine glacier forefield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1017847. [PMID: 36714711 PMCID: PMC9880484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Receding glaciers create virtually uninhabited substrates waiting for initial colonization of bacteria, fungi and plants. These glacier forefields serve as an ideal ecosystem for studying transformations in community composition and diversity over time and the interactions between taxonomic groups in a dynamic landscape. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the composition and diversity of bacteria, fungi, and plant communities as well as environmental factors along a successional gradient. We used random forest analysis assessing how well the composition and diversity of taxonomic groups and environmental factors mutually predict each other. We did not identify a single best indicator for all taxonomic and environmental properties, but found specific predictors to be most accurate for each taxon and environmental factor. The accuracy of prediction varied considerably along the successional gradient, highlighting the dynamic environmental conditions along the successional gradient that may also affect biotic interactions across taxa. This was also reflected by the high accuracy of predictions of plot age by all taxa. Next to plot age, our results indicate a strong importance of pH and temperature in structuring microbial and plant community composition. In addition, taxonomic groups predicted the community composition of each other more accurately than environmental factors, which may either suggest that these groups similarly respond to other not measured environmental factors or that direct interactions between taxa shape the composition of their communities. In contrast, diversity of taxa was not well predicted, suggesting that community composition of one taxonomic group is not a strong driver of the diversity of another group. Our study provides insights into the successional development of multidiverse communities shaped by complex interactions between taxonomic groups and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie He
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hanusch
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria Ruiz-Hernández
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert R. Junker
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Climate Effects on Prairie Productivity Partially Ameliorated by Soil Nutrients and Plant Community Responses. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Native annual forbs decline in California coastal prairies over 15 years despite grazing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278608. [PMID: 36472993 PMCID: PMC9725146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock grazing is often used as a land management tool to maximize vegetation diversity in grassland ecosystems worldwide. Prior research has shown that cattle grazing benefits native annual forb species in California's coastal prairies, but drought and increasing aridity may alter this relationship. In 2016 and 2017, we resurveyed the vegetation structure, native annual forb cover, and native annual forb richness in ten grazed and ungrazed prairies that were originally measured in 2000 and 2001 along a 200-km gradient from Monterey to Sonoma counties in California. We found that grazed prairies continued to have significantly lower vegetation height and thatch depth than ungrazed prairies, and that shrub encroachment over the 15-year period was significantly greater in ungrazed prairies. Furthermore, grazed prairies continued to have greater native annual forb richness (4.9 species per site) than ungrazed sites (3.0 species per site), but native annual forb richness declined by 2.8 species per site in grazed prairies and 0.1 species per site in ungrazed prairies between survey periods. We suggest that severe drought and increasing aridity may be driving declines in native annual forb richness in grazed prairies. The species we recorded only in earlier surveys were disproportionately wetland-associated and had higher average specific leaf area than species that remained through the second survey period. Finally, the cover of native annual species increased regardless of whether prairies were grazed, suggesting that the high precipitation in 2017 may have benefitted the native annual forb species that persisted at sites between surveys. Our study shows that weather conditions affect the outcomes of land management strategies.
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Chown SL. Macrophysiology for decision‐making. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Reynaert S, Zi L, AbdElgawad H, De Boeck HJ, Vindušková O, Nijs I, Beemster G, Asard H. Does previous exposure to extreme precipitation regimes result in acclimated grassland communities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156368. [PMID: 35654184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will likely increase weather persistence in the mid-latitudes, resulting in precipitation regimes (PR) with longer dry and wet periods compared to historic averages. This could affect terrestrial ecosystems substantially through the increased occurrence of repeated, prolonged drought and water logging conditions. Climate history is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to consecutive environmental extremes, through direct damage, community restructuring as well as morphological and physiological acclimation in species or individuals. However, it is unclear how community restructuring and individual metabolic acclimation effects interact to determine ecosystem responses to subsequent climate extremes. Here, we investigated, if and how, differences in exposure to extreme or historically normal PR induced long-lasting (i.e. legacy) effects at the level of community (e.g., species composition), plant (e.g., biomass), and molecular composition (e.g., sugars, lipids, stress markers). Experimental grassland communities were exposed to long (extreme) or short (historically normal) dry/wet cycles in year 1 (Y1), followed by exposure to an identical PR or the opposite PR in year 2 (Y2). Results indicate that exposure to extreme PR in Y1, reduced diversity but induced apparent acclimation effects in all climate scenarios, stimulating biomass (higher productivity and structural sugar content) in Y2. In contrast, plants pre-exposed to normal PR, showed more activated stress responses (higher proline and antioxidants) under extreme PR in Y2. Overall, Y1 acclimation effects were strongest in the dominant grasses, indicating comparatively high phenotypical plasticity. However, Y2 drought intensity also correlated with grass productivity and structural sugar findings, suggesting that responses to short-term soil water deficits contributed to the observed patterns. Interactions between different legacy effects are discussed. We conclude that more extreme PR will likely alter diversity in the short-to midterm and select for acclimated grassland communities with increased productivity and attenuated molecular stress responses under future climate regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Reynaert
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lin Zi
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Olga Vindušková
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague 128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Balmaki B, Rostami MA, Christensen T, Leger EA, Allen JM, Feldman CR, Forister ML, Dyer LA. Modern approaches for leveraging biodiversity collections to understand change in plant-insect interactions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.924941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on plant-pollinator interactions requires a diversity of perspectives and approaches, and documenting changing pollinator-plant interactions due to declining insect diversity and climate change is especially challenging. Natural history collections are increasingly important for such research and can provide ecological information across broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we describe novel approaches that integrate museum specimens from insect and plant collections with field observations to quantify pollen networks over large spatial and temporal gradients. We present methodological strategies for evaluating insect-pollen network parameters based on pollen collected from museum insect specimens. These methods provide insight into spatial and temporal variation in pollen-insect interactions and complement other approaches to studying pollination, such as pollinator observation networks and flower enclosure experiments. We present example data from butterfly pollen networks over the past century in the Great Basin Desert and Sierra Nevada Mountains, United States. Complementary to these approaches, we describe rapid pollen identification methods that can increase speed and accuracy of taxonomic determinations, using pollen grains collected from herbarium specimens. As an example, we describe a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automate identification of pollen. We extracted images of pollen grains from 21 common species from herbarium specimens at the University of Nevada Reno (RENO). The CNN model achieved exceptional accuracy of identification, with a correct classification rate of 98.8%. These and similar approaches can transform the way we estimate pollination network parameters and greatly change inferences from existing networks, which have exploded over the past few decades. These techniques also allow us to address critical ecological questions related to mutualistic networks, community ecology, and conservation biology. Museum collections remain a bountiful source of data for biodiversity science and understanding global change.
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26
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Momayyezi M, Rippner DA, Duong FV, Raja PV, Brown PJ, Kluepfel DA, Earles JM, Forrestel EJ, Gilbert ME, McElrone AJ. Structural and functional leaf diversity lead to variability in photosynthetic capacity across a range of Juglans regia genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2351-2365. [PMID: 35642731 PMCID: PMC9543909 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other cropping systems, few walnut cultivars are used as scion in commercial production. Germplasm collections can be used to diversify cultivar options and hold potential for improving crop productivity, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we explored the anatomical and biochemical bases of photosynthetic capacity and response to water stress in 11 Juglans regia accessions in the U.S. department of agriculture, agricultural research service (USDA-ARS) National Clonal Germplasm. Net assimilation rate (An ) differed significantly among accessions and was greater in lower latitudes coincident with higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances, leaf thickness, mesophyll porosity, gas-phase diffusion, leaf nitrogen and lower leaf mass and stomatal density. High CO2 -saturated assimilation rates led to increases in An under diffusional and biochemical limitations. Greater An was found in lower-latitude accessions native to climates with more frost-free days, greater precipitation seasonality and lower temperature seasonality. As expected, water stress consistently impaired photosynthesis with the highest % reductions in lower-latitude accessions (A3, A5 and A9), which had the highest An under well-watered conditions. However, An for A3 and A5 remained among the highest under dehydration. J. regia accessions, which have leaf structural traits and biochemistry that enhance photosynthesis, could be used as commercial scions or breeding parents to enhance productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Fiona V. Duong
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pranav V. Raja
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - J. Mason Earles
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Andrew J. McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- USDA‐ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDavisCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Penjor U, Cushman SA, Kaszta ŻM, Sherub S, Macdonald DW. Effects of land use and climate change on functional and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in a Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ugyen Penjor
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
- Department of Forests and Park Services Nature Conservation Division Thimphu Bhutan
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
- USDA, Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Żaneta M. Kaszta
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
| | - Sherub Sherub
- Department of Forests and Park Services Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research Bumthang Bhutan
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
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Richness, not evenness, varies across water availability gradients in grassy biomes on five continents. Oecologia 2022; 199:649-659. [PMID: 35833986 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We sought to understand the role that water availability (expressed as an aridity index) plays in determining regional and global patterns of richness and evenness, and in turn how these water availability-diversity relationships may result in different richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. We examined relationships between water availability, richness and evenness for eight grassy biomes spanning broad water availability gradients on five continents. Our study found that relationships between richness and water availability switched from positive for drier (South Africa, Tibet and USA) vs. negative for wetter (India) biomes, though were not significant for the remaining biomes. In contrast, only the India biome showed a significant relationship between water availability and evenness, which was negative. Globally, the richness-water availability relationship was hump-shaped, however, not significant for evenness. At the regional scale, a positive richness-evenness relationship was found for grassy biomes in India and Inner Mongolia, China. In contrast, this relationship was weakly concave-up globally. These results suggest that different, independent factors are determining patterns of species richness and evenness in grassy biomes, resulting in differing richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. As a consequence, richness and evenness may respond very differently across spatial gradients to anthropogenic changes, such as climate change.
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29
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Steinbauer K, Lamprecht A, Winkler M, Di Cecco V, Fasching V, Ghosn D, Maringer A, Remoundou I, Suen M, Stanisci A, Venn S, Pauli H. Recent changes in high-mountain plant community functional composition in contrasting climate regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154541. [PMID: 35302025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-mountain plant communities are strongly determined by abiotic conditions, especially low temperature, and are therefore susceptible to effects of climate warming. Rising temperatures, however, also lead to increased evapotranspiration, which, together with projected shifts in seasonal precipitation patterns, could lead to prolonged, detrimental water deficiencies. The current study aims at comparing alpine plant communities along elevation and water availability gradients from humid conditions (north-eastern Alps) to a moderate (Central Apennines) and a pronounced dry period during summer (Lefka Ori, Crete) in the Mediterranean area. We do this in order to (1) detect relationships between community-based indices (plant functional leaf and growth traits, thermic vegetation indicator, plant life forms, vegetation cover and diversity) and soil temperature and snow duration and (2) assess if climatic changes have already affected the vegetation, by determining directional changes over time (14-year period; 2001-2015) in these indices in the three regions. Plant community indices responded to decreasing temperatures along the elevation gradient in the NE-Alps and the Apennines, but this elevation effect almost disappeared in the summer-dry mountains of Crete. This suggests a shift from low-temperature to drought-dominated ecological filters. Leaf trait (Leaf Dry Matter Content and Specific Leaf Area) responses changed in direction from the Alps to the Apennines, indicating that drought effects already become discernible at the northern margin of the Mediterranean. Over time, a slight increase in vegetation cover was found in all regions, but thermophilisation occurred only in the NE-Alps and Apennines, accompanied by a decline of cold-adapted cushion plants in the Alps. On Crete, xeromorphic shrubs were increasing in abundance. Although critical biodiversity losses have not yet been observed, an intensified monitoring of combined warming-drought impacts will be required in view of threatened alpine plants that are either locally restricted in the south or weakly adapted to drought in the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; UNESCO-Chair on Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, Carinthia University of Applied Science, 9524 Villach, Austria; E.C.O. - Institut für Ökologie, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria.
| | - A Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Di Cecco
- Maiella Seed Bank, Maiella National Park, Loc. Colle Madonna, Lama dei Peligni 66010, Italy
| | - V Fasching
- GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Ghosn
- Department of Geoinformation in Environmental Management - CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllio Agrokepiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - A Maringer
- Gesaeuse National Park, 8911 Admont, Austria
| | - I Remoundou
- Department of Geoinformation in Environmental Management - CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllio Agrokepiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - M Suen
- Gesaeuse National Park, 8911 Admont, Austria
| | - A Stanisci
- Dep. Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Termoli 86039, Italy
| | - S Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - H Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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A Drying-Rewetting Cycle Imposes More Important Shifts on Soil Microbial Communities than Does Reduced Precipitation. mSystems 2022; 7:e0024722. [PMID: 35762785 PMCID: PMC9426475 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global changes will result in altered precipitation patterns, among which the increasing frequency of drought events has the highest deleterious potential for agriculture. Soil microbes have shown some promise to help crops adapt to drought events, but it is uncertain how crop-associated microorganisms will respond to altered precipitation patterns. To investigate this matter, we conducted a field experiment where we seeded two wheat cultivars (one resistant to water stress and the other sensitive) that were subjected to four precipitation exclusion (PE) regimes (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% exclusion). These cultivars were sampled seven times (every 2 weeks, from May to August) within one growing season to investigate short-term microbiome responses to altered precipitation regimes and seasonality using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing. One of the most striking features of the data set was the dramatic shift in microbial community diversity, structure, and composition together with a doubling of the relative abundance of the archaeal ammonia oxidizer genus Nitrososphaera following an important drying-rewetting event. Comparatively small but significant effects of PE and wheat cultivar on microbial community diversity, composition, and structure were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate an uneven response of microbial taxa to decreasing soil water content, which was dwarfed by drying-rewetting events, to which soil bacteria and archaea were more sensitive than fungi. Importantly, our study showed that an increase in drying-rewetting cycles will cause larger shifts in soil microbial communities than a decrease in total precipitation, suggesting that under climate changes, the distribution of precipitation will be more important than small variations in the total quantity of precipitation. IMPORTANCE Climate change will have a profound effect on the precipitation patterns of global terrestrial ecosystems. Seasonal and interannual uneven distributions of precipitation will lead to increasing frequencies and intensities of extreme drought and rainfall events, which will affect crop productivity and nutrient contents in various agroecosystems. However, we still lack knowledge about the responses of soil microbial communities to reduced precipitation and drying-rewetting events in agroecosystems. Our results demonstrated an uneven response of the soil microbiome and a dramatic shift in microbial community diversity and structure to a significant drying-rewetting event with a large increase in the relative abundance of archaeal ammonia oxidizers. These findings highlight the larger importance of rewetting of dry soils on microbial communities, as compared to decreased precipitation, with potential for changes in the soil nitrogen cycling.
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Oliveira BF, Moore FC, Dong X. Biodiversity mediates ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:628. [PMID: 35761028 PMCID: PMC9237054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rich body of evidence from local-scale experiments and observational studies has revealed stabilizing effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. However, whether these effects emerge across entire regions and continents remains largely overlooked. Here we combine data on the distribution of more than 57,500 plant species and remote-sensing observations throughout the entire Western Hemisphere to investigate the role of multiple facets of plant diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in mediating the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability at the regional-scale over the past 20 years. We show that, across multiple biomes, regions of greater plant diversity exhibit lower sensitivity (more stable over time) to temperature variability at the interannual and seasonal-scales. While these areas can display lower sensitivity to interannual variability in precipitation, they emerge as highly sensitive to precipitation seasonality. Conserving landscapes of greater diversity may help stabilize ecosystem functioning under climate change, possibly securing the continuous provisions of productivity-related ecosystem service to people. With the help of spatial autoregressive models, the relationship between multiple facets of plant biodiversity and ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability is explored on a landscape-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno F Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), FRB, Montpellier, France.
| | - Frances C Moore
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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32
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Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:878-889. [PMID: 35577983 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world, yet their functioning is threatened by anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Global actions to conserve tropical forests could be enhanced by having local knowledge on the forests' functional diversity and functional redundancy as proxies for their capacity to respond to global environmental change. Here we create estimates of plant functional diversity and redundancy across the tropics by combining a dataset of 16 morphological, chemical and photosynthetic plant traits sampled from 2,461 individual trees from 74 sites distributed across four continents together with local climate data for the past half century. Our findings suggest a strong link between climate and functional diversity and redundancy with the three trait groups responding similarly across the tropics and climate gradient. We show that drier tropical forests are overall less functionally diverse than wetter forests and that functional redundancy declines with increasing soil water and vapour pressure deficits. Areas with high functional diversity and high functional redundancy tend to better maintain ecosystem functioning, such as aboveground biomass, after extreme weather events. Our predictions suggest that the lower functional diversity and lower functional redundancy of drier tropical forests, in comparison with wetter forests, may leave them more at risk of shifting towards alternative states in face of further declines in water availability across tropical regions.
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Lucas-Borja ME, Zema DA, Fernández C, Soria R, Miralles I, Santana VM, Pérez-Romero J, Del Campo AD, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Limited contribution of post-fire eco-engineering techniques to support post-fire plant diversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152894. [PMID: 34998748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eco-engineering techniques are generally effective at reducing soil erosion and restore vegetal cover after wildfire. However, less evidence exists on the effects of the post-fire eco-engineering techniques to restore plant diversity. To fill this knowledge gap, a standardized regional-scale analysis of the influence of post-fire eco-engineering techniques (log erosion barriers, contour felled log debris, mulching, chipping and felling, in some cases with burning) on species richness and diversity is proposed, adopting the Iberian Peninsula as case study. In general, no significant differences in species richness and diversity (Shannon) were found between the forest treated with different post-fire eco-engineering techniques, and the burned and non-treated soils. Only small significant differences were found for some sites treated with log erosion barriers or mulching. The latter technique increased species richness and diversity in some pine species and shrublands. Contour felled log debris with burning slightly increased vegetation diversity, while log erosion barriers, chipping and felling were not successful in supporting plant diversity. This research will help forest managers and agents in Mediterranean forest to decide the best postfire management option for wildfire affected forest, and in the development of more effective post-fire strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Department of Agroforestry Technology, Science and Genetics, School of Advanced Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, E-02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Demetrio Antonio Zema
- AGRARIA Department, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Cristina Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán, Consellería do Medio Rural, Carretera de Marín, km 4, 36153 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rocío Soria
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Isabel Miralles
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Victor M Santana
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Medioambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Parque Tecnológico, C/Charles R. Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias V, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Romero
- Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio D Del Campo
- Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Han X, Xu Y, Huang J, Zang R. Species Diversity Regulates Ecological Strategy Spectra of Forest Vegetation Across Different Climatic Zones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807369. [PMID: 35310647 PMCID: PMC8924497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological strategy is the tactics employed by species in adapting to abiotic and biotic conditions. The ecological strategy spectrum is defined as the relative proportion of species in different ecological strategy types within a community. Determinants of ecological strategy spectrum of plant community explored by most previous studies are about abiotic factors. Yet, the roles of biotic factors in driving variations of ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different geographic regions remains unknown. In this study, we established 200 0.04-ha forest dynamics plots (FDPs) and measured three-leaf functional traits of tree and shrub species in four forest vegetation types across four climatic zones. Based on Grime's competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) triangular framework, and the StrateFy method, we categorized species into four ecological strategy groups (i.e., C-, S-, Int-, and R-groups) and related the ecological spectra of the forests to three species diversity indices [i.e., species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and stem density (stem abundance)]. Linear regression, redundancy analysis, and variance partition analysis were utilized for assessing the roles of species diversity in regulating ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different climatic zones. We found that the proportion of species in the C- and Int-groups increased, while the proportion of species in the S-group decreased, with the increase of three indices of species diversity. Among the three species diversity indices, stem abundance played the most important role in driving variations in ecological strategy spectra of forests across different climatic zones. Our finding highlights the necessity of accounting for biotic factors, especially stem abundance, in modeling or predicting the geographical distributions of plant species with varied ecological adaptation strategies to future environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Relative Importance of Landscape and Climate Factors to the Species Diversity of Plant Growth Forms along an East Asian Archipelago. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on island biogeography theory have limitations in that they are mostly focused on total plant species and the landscape factors of the islands. Our study was conducted to overcome these limitations by dividing the plants into five growth forms and analyzing climate and landscape factors on inhabited islands, uninhabited islands, and overall. This was achieved using plant data from 578 islands of an archipelago in South Korea. To test the relationship between the species richness of each growth form and environmental factors, we performed ordinary least squares regressions and multi-model inference tests. The results showed that the island area had the largest influence on species richness of all growth forms in overall and uninhabited islands. Moreover, climate factors, in addition to island area, significantly affected species richness of all growth forms on inhabited islands. However, the effect and of isolation-related landscape factors (i.e., distance from the mainland and structural connectivity) were different among growth forms and island categories. Our study reveals that there are differences in the effects of environmental factors on the growth forms of plants among island categories. This suggests that biodiversity management and conservation strategies should be applied separately to different growth forms and islands.
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Bizic M, Ionescu D, Karnatak R, Musseau CL, Onandia G, Berger SA, Nejstgaard JC, Lischeid G, Gessner MO, Wollrab S, Grossart HP. Land-use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1716-1734. [PMID: 35028982 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in land use and agricultural intensification threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of small water bodies. We studied 67 kettle holes (KH) in an agricultural landscape in northeastern Germany using landscape-scale metatranscriptomics, to understand the responses of active bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic communities, to land-use type. These KH are proxies of the millions of small standing water bodies of glacial origin spread across the northern hemisphere. Like other landscapes in Europe, the study area has been used for intensive agriculture since the 1950s. In contrast to a parallel eDNA study which revealed the homogenization of biodiversity across KH conceivably resulting from long-lasting intensive agriculture, land-use type affected the structure of the active KH communities during spring crop fertilization, but not a month later. This effect was more pronounced in eukaryotes than in bacteria. In contrast, gene expression patterns did not differ between months or across land-use type, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy across the KH communities. Variability in gene expression was best explained by active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures, suggesting that these changes in functioning are primarily driven by interactions between organisms. Our results show that influences of the surrounding landscape result in temporary changes in the activity of different community members. Thus, even in KH where biodiversity has been homogenized, communities continue to respond to land management. This needs to be considered when developing sustainable management options for restoration purposes and for successful mitigation of further biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bizic
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - D Ionescu
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - R Karnatak
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - C L Musseau
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Onandia
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - S A Berger
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Nejstgaard
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Lischeid
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M O Gessner
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Wollrab
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - H-P Grossart
- Departments of Experimental Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin and Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
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Sánchez AM, Peralta AML, Luzuriaga AL, Prieto M, Escudero A. Climate change and biocrust disturbance synergistically decreased taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in annual communities on gypsiferous soils. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Sánchez
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Rey Juan Carlos Univ. Madrid Spain
| | - Ana M. L. Peralta
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Rey Juan Carlos Univ. Madrid Spain
| | | | - María Prieto
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Rey Juan Carlos Univ. Madrid Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Rey Juan Carlos Univ. Madrid Spain
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Bai X, Zhao W, Wang J, Ferreira CSS. Precipitation drives the floristic composition and diversity of temperate grasslands in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lakoba VT, Atwater DZ, Thomas VE, Strahm BD, Barney JN. A global invader’s niche dynamics with intercontinental introduction, novel habitats, and climate change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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40
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Bera BK, Tzuk O, Bennett JJR, Meron E. Linking spatial self-organization to community assembly and biodiversity. eLife 2021; 10:e73819. [PMID: 34570698 PMCID: PMC8497052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal shifts to drier climates impose environmental stresses on plant communities that may result in community reassembly and threatened ecosystem services, but also may trigger self-organization in spatial patterns of biota and resources, which act to relax these stresses. The complex relationships between these counteracting processes - community reassembly and spatial self-organization - have hardly been studied. Using a spatio-temporal model of dryland plant communities and a trait-based approach, we study the response of such communities to increasing water-deficit stress. We first show that spatial patterning acts to reverse shifts from fast-growing species to stress-tolerant species, as well as to reverse functional-diversity loss. We then show that spatial self-organization buffers the impact of further stress on community structure. Finally, we identify multistability ranges of uniform and patterned community states and use them to propose forms of non-uniform ecosystem management that integrate the need for provisioning ecosystem services with the need to preserve community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidesh K Bera
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, BIDR, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusIsrael
| | - Omer Tzuk
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Jamie JR Bennett
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, BIDR, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusIsrael
| | - Ehud Meron
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, BIDR, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusIsrael
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
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Coupling Relationship of Leaf Economic and Hydraulic Traits of Alhagisparsifolia Shap. in a Hyper-Arid Desert Ecosystem. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091867. [PMID: 34579402 PMCID: PMC8465641 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Alhagisparsifolia Shap. was used to test the hypothesis that leaf economic and hydraulic traits are coupled in plants in a hyper-arid region. Five economic traits and six hydraulic traits were examined to explore the relationship. Results showed that the stomatal density (SD) on both surfaces was coupled with maximum stomatal conductance to water vapor (gwmax) and leaf tissue density (TD). SD on adaxial surface (SDaba) was significantly positively related to vein density (VD) but negatively related to leaf thickness (LT) and stomatal length on adaxial surface (SLada). Nitrogen concentration based on mass (Nmass) was significantly negatively correlated with leaf mass per area (LMA), LT, and VD, whereas nitrogen concentration based on area (Narea) was significantly positively related to LMA and TD. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) contributed the most to the changes in LT and stomatal length (SL). Soil salt contributed the most to TD, SD, and gwmax. Soli nutrients influenced the most of LMA and VD. Mean annual temperature contributed the most to Nmass and Narea. In conclusion, the economics of leaves coupled with their hydraulic traits provides an economical and efficient strategy to adapt to the harsh environment in hyper-arid regions.
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Teng J, Tian J, Barnard R, Yu G, Kuzyakov Y, Zhou J. Aboveground and Belowground Plant Traits Explain Latitudinal Patterns in Topsoil Fungal Communities From Tropical to Cold Temperate Forests. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633751. [PMID: 34177822 PMCID: PMC8222577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi predominate the forest topsoil microbial biomass and participate in biogeochemical cycling as decomposers, symbionts, and pathogens. They are intimately associated with plants but their interactions with aboveground and belowground plant traits are unclear. Here, we evaluated soil fungal communities and their relationships with leaf and root traits in nine forest ecosystems ranging from tropical to cold temperate along a 3,700-km transect in eastern China. Basidiomycota was the most abundant phylum, followed by Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chytridiomycota. There was no latitudinal trend in total, saprotrophic, and pathotrophic fungal richness. However, ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance and richness increased with latitude significantly and reached maxima in temperate forests. Saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi were most abundant in tropical and subtropical forests and their abundance decreased with latitude. Spatial and climatic factors, soil properties, and plant traits collectively explained 45% of the variance in soil fungal richness. Specific root length and root biomass had the greatest direct effects on total fungal richness. Specific root length was the key determinant of saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungal richness while root phosphorus content was the main biotic factor determining ectomycorrhizal fungal richness. In contrast, spatial and climatic features, soil properties, total leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, specific root length, and root biomass collectively explained >60% of the variance in fungal community composition. Soil fungal richness and composition are strongly controlled by both aboveground and belowground plant traits. The findings of this study provide new evidence that plant traits predict soil fungal diversity distribution at the continental scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Teng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Romain Barnard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Li X, Zuo X, Yue P, Zhao X, Hu Y, Guo X, Guo A, Xu C, Yu Q. Drought of early time in growing season decreases community aboveground biomass, but increases belowground biomass in a desert steppe. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 34074246 PMCID: PMC8170925 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing drought induced by global climate changes is altering the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. However, there is a lack of understanding of how drought affects the trade-off of above- and belowground biomass in desert steppe. We conducted a four-year (2015–2018) drought experiment to examine the responses of community above-and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB) to manipulated drought and natural drought in the early period of growing season (from March to June) in a desert steppe. We compared the associations of drought with species diversity (species richness and density), community-weighted means (CWM) of five traits, and soil factors (soil Water, soil carbon content, and soil nitrogen content) for grass communities. Meanwhile, we used the structural equation modeling (SEM) to elucidate whether drought affects AGB and BGB by altering species diversity, functional traits, or soil factors. Results We found that manipulated drought affected soil water content, but not on soil carbon and nitrogen content. Experimental drought reduced the species richness, and species modified the CWM of traits to cope with a natural drought of an early time in the growing season. We also found that the experimental and natural drought decreased AGB, while natural drought increased BGB. AGB was positively correlated with species richness, density, CWM of plant height, and soil water. BGB was negatively correlated with CWM of plant height, CWM of leaf dry matter content, and soil nitrogen content, while was positively correlated with CWM of specific leaf area, CWM of leaf nitrogen content, soil water, and soil carbon content. The SEM results indicated that the experimental and natural drought indirectly decreased AGB by reducing species richness and plant height, while natural drought and soil nitrogen content directly affected BGB. Conclusions These results suggest that species richness and functional traits can modulate the effects of drought on AGB, however natural drought and soil nitrogen determine BGB. Our findings demonstrate that the long-term observation and experiment are necessary to understand the underlying mechanism of the allocation and trade-off of community above-and belowground biomass. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01842-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aixia Guo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chong Xu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10008, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10008, China
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Liu D, Zhang C, Ogaya R, Fernández‐Martínez M, Pugh TAM, Peñuelas J. Increasing climatic sensitivity of global grassland vegetation biomass and species diversity correlates with water availability. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1761-1771. [PMID: 33577084 PMCID: PMC8252445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are key repositories of biodiversity and carbon storage and are heavily impacted by effects of global warming and changes in precipitation regimes. Patterns of grassland dynamics associated with variability in future climate conditions across spatiotemporal scales are yet to be adequately quantified. Here, we performed a global meta-analysis of year and growing season sensitivities of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and species richness (SR) and diversity (Shannon index, H) to experimental climate warming and precipitation shifts. All four variables were sensitive to climate change. Their sensitivities to shifts in precipitation were correlated with local background water availability, such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aridity, and AGB and ANPP sensitivities were greater in dry habitats than in nonwater-limited habitats. There was no effect of duration of experiment (short vs long term) on sensitivities. Temporal trends in ANPP and SR sensitivity depended on local water availability; ANPP sensitivity to warming increased over time and SR sensitivity to irrigation decreased over time. Our results provide a global overview of the sensitivities of grassland function and diversity to climate change that will improve the understanding of ecological responses across spatiotemporal scales and inform policies for conservation in dry climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
| | - Chao Zhang
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- Optics of Photosynthesis LaboratoryInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia)08193Spain
| | | | - Thomas A. M. Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLund22362Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia)08193Spain
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45
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Sedio BE, Spasojevic MJ, Myers JA, Wright SJ, Person MD, Chandrasekaran H, Dwenger JH, Prechi ML, López CA, Allen DN, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Baltzer JL, Bourg NA, Castillo BT, Day NJ, Dewald-Wang E, Dick CW, James TY, Kueneman JG, LaManna J, Lutz JA, McGregor IR, McMahon SM, Parker GG, Parker JD, Vandermeer JH. Chemical Similarity of Co-occurring Trees Decreases With Precipitation and Temperature in North American Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.679638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diversity varies immensely over large-scale gradients in temperature, precipitation, and seasonality at global and regional scales. This relationship may be driven in part by climatic variation in the relative importance of abiotic and biotic interactions to the diversity and composition of plant communities. In particular, biotic interactions may become stronger and more host specific with increasing precipitation and temperature, resulting in greater plant species richness in wetter and warmer environments. This hypothesis predicts that the many defensive compounds found in plants’ metabolomes should increase in richness and decrease in interspecific similarity with precipitation, temperature, and plant diversity. To test this prediction, we compared patterns of chemical and morphological trait diversity of 140 woody plant species among seven temperate forests in North America representing 16.2°C variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), 2,115 mm variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP), and from 10 to 68 co-occurring species. We used untargeted metabolomics methods based on data generated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify, classify, and compare 13,480 unique foliar metabolites and to quantify the metabolomic similarity of species in each community with respect to the whole metabolome and each of five broad classes of metabolites. In addition, we compiled morphological trait data from existing databases and field surveys for three commonly measured traits (specific leaf area [SLA], wood density, and seed mass) for comparison with foliar metabolomes. We found that chemical defense strategies and growth and allocation strategies reflected by these traits largely represented orthogonal axes of variation. In addition, functional dispersion of SLA increased with MAP, whereas functional richness of wood density and seed mass increased with MAT. In contrast, chemical similarity of co-occurring species decreased with both MAT and MAP, and metabolite richness increased with MAT. Variation in metabolite richness among communities was positively correlated with species richness, but variation in mean chemical similarity was not. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that plant metabolomes play a more important role in community assembly in wetter and warmer climates, even at temperate latitudes, and suggest that metabolomic traits can provide unique insight to studies of trait-based community assembly.
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Yang T, Tedersoo L, Fu X, Zhao C, Liu X, Gao G, Cheng L, Adams JM, Chu H. Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 37938216 PMCID: PMC9723781 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Island biogeography theory (IBT) is one of the most fruitful paradigms in macroecology, positing positive species-area and negative species-isolation relationships for the distribution of organisms. Biotic interactions are also crucial for diversity maintenance on islands. In the context of a timberline tree species (Betula ermanii) as "virtual island", we surveyed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal diversity along a 430-m vertical gradient on the top of Changbai Mountain, China, sampling fine roots and neighboring soils of B. ermanii. Besides elevation, soil properties and plant functional traits, endophytic and saprotrophic fungal diversity were assessed as candidate predictors to construct integrative models. EcM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, and exhibited positive diversity to diameter at breast height and negative diversity to distance from forest edge relationships in both roots and soils. Integrative models further showed that saprotrophic fungal diversity was the strongest predictor of EcM fungal diversity, directly enhancing EcM fungal diversity in roots and soils. Our study supports IBT as a basic framework to explain EcM fungal diversity. The diversity-begets-diversity hypothesis within the fungal kingdom is more predictive for EcM fungal diversity within the IBT framework, which reveals a tight association between saprotrophic and EcM fungal lineages in the timberline ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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47
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Didaras NA, Kafantaris I, Dimitriou TG, Mitsagga C, Karatasou K, Giavasis I, Stagos D, Amoutzias GD, Hatjina F, Mossialos D. Biological Properties of Bee Bread Collected from Apiaries Located across Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050555. [PMID: 34068740 PMCID: PMC8151309 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee bread is the only fermented product of the beehive. It constitutes the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements in honeybee nutrition and it exerts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, though research on these aspects has been limited so far. In this study 18 samples of Greek bee bread, two of which were monofloral, were collected during different seasons from diverse locations such as Crete and Mount Athos and were tested for their bioactivity. Samples were analyzed for their antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antimicrobial activity of each sample was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Our data demonstrate that all samples exert inhibitory and most of them bactericidal activity against at least two pathogens. Furthermore, all samples exert significant antioxidant activity, where the monofloral Castanea Sativa sample demonstrated superior antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were not strongly correlated. Furthermore, machine learning methods demonstrated that the palynological composition of the samples is a good predictor of their TPC and ABTS activity. This is the first study that focuses on the biological properties of Greek bee bread and demonstrates that bee bread can be considered a functional food and a possible source of novel antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Asoutis Didaras
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (N.A.D.); (I.K.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Ioannis Kafantaris
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (N.A.D.); (I.K.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Tilemachos G. Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (N.A.D.); (I.K.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
| | - Katerina Karatasou
- Apicultural Centre of Larissa, Federation of Greek Beekeepers Associations, 41222 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
| | - Dimitris Stagos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Grigoris D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation DEMETER, 63200 Nea Moudania, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Molecular Bacteriology, Virology, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (N.A.D.); (I.K.); (T.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-056-5270
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Responses of plant diversity to precipitation change are strongest at local spatial scales and in drylands. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2489. [PMID: 33941779 PMCID: PMC8093425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigating and adapting to climate change requires an understanding of the magnitude and nature by which climate change will influence the diversity of plants across the world’s ecosystems. Experiments can causally link precipitation change to plant diversity change, however, these experiments vary in their methods and in the diversity metrics reported, making synthesis elusive. Here, we explicitly account for a number of potentially confounding variables, including spatial grain, treatment magnitude and direction and background climatic conditions, to synthesize data across 72 precipitation manipulation experiments. We find that the effects of treatments with higher magnitude of precipitation manipulation on plant diversity are strongest at the smallest spatial scale, and in drier environments. Our synthesis emphasizes that quantifying differential responses of ecosystems requires explicit consideration of spatial grain and the magnitude of experimental manipulation. Given that diversity provides essential ecosystem services, especially in dry and semi-dry areas, our finding that these dry ecosystems are particular sensitive to projected changes in precipitation has important implications for their conservation and management. The responses of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in precipitation patterns are highly context-dependent. Here the authors perform a quantitative synthesis of field rainfall manipulation experiments, showing stronger effects of precipitation on plant diversity at small spatial scales and in arid biomes.
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49
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Uhey D, Haubensak K, Hofstetter R. Mid-elevational Peaks in Diversity of Ground-dwelling Arthropods with High Species Turnover on the Colorado Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:337-347. [PMID: 33459773 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of biodiversity along elevational gradients elucidate how climate shapes biological communities and help predict ecosystem responses to environmental change. Arid elevational gradients are particularly interesting because temperature limitations at high elevations and precipitation limitations at low elevations cause mid-elevation peaks in diversity. Ground-dwelling arthropods form highly diverse communities but few studies document elevational patterns of their full diversity. Here we investigate the elevational patterns of ground-dwelling arthropods in northern Arizona on the Colorado Plateau, an arid and understudied region in the United States. We sampled seven sites along an elevation gradient from 1,566 to 2,688 m corresponding to a difference of 6.5°C average annual temperature and 620 mm average annual precipitation. We captured 16,942 specimens comprising 169 species, mostly ants and beetles, and discovered a new ant species. First- and second-order elevation terms significantly correlated to multiple measures of arthropod α and β diversity. Arthropod abundance, richness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index peaked at mid-elevations, with functional groups (i.e., omnivores, predators, detritivores, and herbivores) showing similar patterns. Community composition varied significantly across the gradient, correlated with changes in elevation, and was driven by shifts of ants dominating low- to mid-elevations, to beetles dominating high-elevations. Dissimilarity among sites was driven by high species turnover with 59% of species exclusive to a single site, whereas nestedness among sites was low except at the lowest elevation site. High rates of turnover and elevation-dependent communities suggest that ground-dwelling arthropods are highly vulnerable to environmental change, particularly at lower elevations in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Uhey
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Karen Haubensak
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Richard Hofstetter
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ
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50
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Huxley JD, Spasojevic MJ. Area Not Geographic Isolation Mediates Biodiversity Responses of Alpine Refugia to Climate Change. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.633697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate refugia, where local populations of species can persist through periods of unfavorable regional climate, play a key role in the maintenance of regional biodiversity during times of environmental change. However, the ability of refugia to buffer biodiversity change may be mediated by the landscape context of refugial habitats. Here, we examined how plant communities restricted to refugial sky islands of alpine tundra in the Colorado Rockies are changing in response to rapid climate change in the region (increased temperature, declining snowpack, and earlier snow melt-out) and if these biodiversity changes are mediated by the area or geographic isolation of the sky island. We resampled plant communities in 153 plots at seven sky islands distributed across the Colorado Rockies at two time points separated by 12 years (2007/2008–2019/2020) and found changes in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity over time. Specifically, we found an increase in species richness, a trend toward increased phylogenetic diversity, a shift toward leaf traits associated with the stress-tolerant end of leaf economics spectrum (e.g., lower specific leaf area, higher leaf dry matter content), and a decrease in the functional dispersion of specific leaf area. Importantly, these changes were partially mediated by refugial area but not by geographic isolation, suggesting that dispersal from nearby areas of tundra does not play a strong role in mediating these changes, while site characteristics associated with a larger area (e.g., environmental heterogeneity, larger community size) may be relatively more important. Taken together, these results suggest that considering the landscape context (area and geographic isolation) of refugia may be critical for prioritizing the conservation of specific refugial sites that provide the most conservation value.
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