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De Solis AJ, Del Río-Martín A, Radermacher J, Chen W, Steuernagel L, Bauder CA, Eggersmann FR, Morgan DA, Cremer AL, Sué M, Germer M, Kukat C, Vollmar S, Backes H, Rahmouni K, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Reciprocal activity of AgRP and POMC neurons governs coordinated control of feeding and metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:473-493. [PMID: 38378998 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons reciprocally regulate food intake. Here, we combine non-interacting recombinases to simultaneously express functionally opposing chemogenetic receptors in AgRP and POMC neurons for comparing metabolic responses in male and female mice with simultaneous activation of AgRP and inhibition of POMC neurons with isolated activation of AgRP neurons or isolated inhibition of POMC neurons. We show that food intake is regulated by the additive effect of AgRP neuron activation and POMC neuron inhibition, while systemic insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis are differentially modulated by isolated-versus-simultaneous regulation of AgRP and POMC neurons. We identify a neurocircuit engaging Npy1R-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, where activated AgRP neurons and inhibited POMC neurons cooperate to promote food consumption and activate Th+ neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Collectively, these results unveil how food intake is precisely regulated by the simultaneous bidirectional interplay between AgRP and POMC neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J De Solis
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Radermacher
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fynn R Eggersmann
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Cremer
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Germer
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Narimatsu Y, Kato M, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Moriwaki S, Ogasawara A, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Neurosecretory Protein GM-Expressing Neurons Participate in Lipid Storage and Inflammation in Newly Developed Cre Driver Male Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3230. [PMID: 38137451 PMCID: PMC10740756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces inflammation in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, resulting in metabolic disorders. A novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), was previously identified in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. While NPGM plays an important role in lipid metabolism in chicks, its metabolic regulatory effects in mammals remain unclear. In this study, a novel Cre driver line, NPGM-Cre, was generated for cell-specific manipulation. Cre-dependent overexpression of Npgm led to fat accumulation without increased food consumption in male NPGM-Cre mice. Chemogenetic activation of NPGM neurons in the hypothalamus acutely promoted feeding behavior and chronically resulted in a transient increase in body mass gain. Furthermore, the ablated NPGM neurons exhibited a tendency to be glucose intolerant, with infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages into the adipose tissue. These results suggest that NPGM neurons may regulate lipid storage and inflammatory responses, thereby maintaining glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan (E.I.-U.); (S.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan (E.I.-U.); (S.M.)
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3
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Mirabella PN, Fenselau H. Advanced neurobiological tools to interrogate metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:639-654. [PMID: 37674015 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered neurobiological tools for the manipulation of cellular activity, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, have become a cornerstone of modern neuroscience research. These tools are invaluable for the interrogation of the central control of metabolism as they provide a direct means to establish a causal relationship between brain activity and biological processes at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. The utility of these methods has grown substantially due to advances in cellular-targeting strategies, alongside improvements in the resolution and potency of such tools. Furthermore, the potential to recapitulate endogenous cellular signalling has been enriched by insights into the molecular signatures and activity dynamics of discrete brain cell types. However, each modulatory tool has a specific set of advantages and limitations; therefore, tool selection and suitability are of paramount importance to optimally interrogate the cellular and circuit-based underpinnings of metabolic outcomes within the organism. Here, we describe the key principles and uses of engineered neurobiological tools. We also highlight inspiring applications and outline critical considerations to be made when using these tools within the field of metabolism research. We contend that the appropriate application of these biotechnological advances will enable the delineation of the central circuitry regulating systemic metabolism with unprecedented potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholas Mirabella
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Douglass JD, Ness KM, Valdearcos M, Wyse-Jackson A, Dorfman MD, Frey JM, Fasnacht RD, Santiago OD, Niraula A, Banerjee J, Robblee M, Koliwad SK, Thaler JP. Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1613-1629.e8. [PMID: 37572666 PMCID: PMC10528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the body-weight-independent contribution of microglia to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here, we show that reducing microglial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. Conversely, two genetic approaches to increase microglial pro-inflammatory signaling (deletion of an NF-κB pathway inhibitor and chemogenetic activation through a modified Gq-coupled muscarinic receptor) improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in both lean and obese rodents. Microglial regulation of glucose homeostasis involves a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent mechanism that increases activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and other hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons, ultimately leading to a marked amplification of first-phase insulin secretion via a parasympathetic pathway. Overall, these data indicate that microglia regulate glucose homeostasis in a body-weight-independent manner, an unexpected mechanism that limits the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Douglass
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly M Ness
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Wyse-Jackson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mauricio D Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael D Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia D Santiago
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anzela Niraula
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jineta Banerjee
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan Robblee
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joshua P Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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5
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Laule C, Atasoy D. Hunger potentiated. Cell Metab 2023; 35:723-725. [PMID: 37137283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dieting often fails in the long run becuase of an ever-growing urge to eat. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Grzelka et al. unveil a brain circuit that is potentiated during caloric restriction and incites rebound increases in food consumption and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Laule
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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6
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Chen W, Mehlkop O, Scharn A, Nolte H, Klemm P, Henschke S, Steuernagel L, Sotelo-Hitschfeld T, Kaya E, Wunderlich CM, Langer T, Kononenko NL, Giavalisco P, Brüning JC. Nutrient-sensing AgRP neurons relay control of liver autophagy during energy deprivation. Cell Metab 2023; 35:786-806.e13. [PMID: 37075752 PMCID: PMC10173804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy represents a key regulator of aging and metabolism in sensing energy deprivation. We find that fasting in mice activates autophagy in the liver paralleled by activation of hypothalamic AgRP neurons. Optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of AgRP neurons induces autophagy, alters phosphorylation of autophagy regulators, and promotes ketogenesis. AgRP neuron-dependent induction of liver autophagy relies on NPY release in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) via presynaptic inhibition of NPY1R-expressing neurons to activate PVHCRH neurons. Conversely, inhibiting AgRP neurons during energy deprivation abrogates induction of hepatic autophagy and rewiring of metabolism. AgRP neuron activation increases circulating corticosterone concentrations, and reduction of hepatic glucocorticoid receptor expression attenuates AgRP neuron-dependent activation of hepatic autophagy. Collectively, our study reveals a fundamental regulatory principle of liver autophagy in control of metabolic adaptation during nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Mehlkop
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Scharn
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sinika Henschke
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Maria Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Claus Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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7
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Qi X, Cui K, Zhang Y, Wang L, Tong J, Sun W, Shao S, Wang J, Wang C, Sun X, Xiao L, Xi K, Cui S, Liu F, Ma L, Zheng J, Yi M, Wan Y. A nociceptive neuronal ensemble in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex underlies pain chronicity. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111833. [PMID: 36516746 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain chronicity involves unpleasant experience in both somatosensory and affective aspects, accompanied with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuroplastic alterations. However, whether specific PFC neuronal ensembles underlie pain chronicity remains elusive. Here we identify a nociceptive neuronal ensemble in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which shows prominent reactivity to nociceptive stimuli. We observed that this ensemble shows distinct molecular characteristics and is densely connected to pain-related regions including basolateral amygdala (BLA) and lateral parabrachial nuclei (LPB). Prolonged chemogenetic activation of this nociceptive neuronal ensemble, but not a randomly transfected subset of dmPFC neurons, induces chronic pain-like behaviors in normal mice. By contrast, silencing the nociceptive dmPFC neurons relieves both pain hypersensitivity and anxiety in mice with chronic inflammatory pain. These results suggest the presence of specific dmPFC neuronal ensembles in processing nociceptive information and regulating pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Qi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Kun Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Linshu Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jifu Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Liming Xiao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Longyu Ma
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R. China.
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8
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Zhang Q, Tang Q, Purohit NM, Davenport JB, Brennan C, Patel RK, Godschall E, Zwiefel LS, Spano A, Campbell JN, Güler AD. Food-induced dopamine signaling in AgRP neurons promotes feeding. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111718. [PMID: 36450244 PMCID: PMC9753708 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are pressing public health concerns. Overconsumption of calories leads to weight gain; however, neural mechanisms underlying excessive food consumption are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1) expressed in the agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) neurons of the arcuate hypothalamus is required for appropriate responses to a high-fat diet (HFD). Stimulation of Drd1 and AgRP/NPY co-expressing arcuate neurons is sufficient to induce voracious feeding. Delivery of a HFD after food deprivation acutely induces dopamine (DA) release in the ARC, whereas animals that lack Drd1 expression in ARCAgRP/NPY neurons (Drd1AgRP-KO) exhibit attenuated foraging and refeeding of HFD. These results define a role for the DA input to the ARC that encodes acute responses to food and position Drd1 signaling in the ARCAgRP/NPY neurons as an integrator of the hedonic and homeostatic neuronal feeding circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Qijun Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Nidhi M. Purohit
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Julia B. Davenport
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Charles Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Rahul K. Patel
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Elizabeth Godschall
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Larry S. Zwiefel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anthony Spano
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - John N. Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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9
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Gaziano I, Corneliussen S, Biglari N, Neuhaus R, Shen L, Sotelo-Hitschfeld T, Klemm P, Steuernagel L, De Solis AJ, Chen W, Wunderlich FT, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Dopamine-inhibited POMCDrd2+ neurons in the ARC acutely regulate feeding and body temperature. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162753. [PMID: 36345942 PMCID: PMC9675440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine acts on neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, which controls homeostatic feeding responses. Here we demonstrate a differential enrichment of dopamine receptor 1 (Drd1) expression in food intake-promoting agouti related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons and a large proportion of Drd2-expressing anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Owing to the nature of these receptors, this translates into a predominant activation of AgRP/NPY neurons upon dopamine stimulation and a larger proportion of dopamine-inhibited POMC neurons. Employing intersectional targeting of Drd2-expressing POMC neurons, we reveal that dopamine-mediated POMC neuron inhibition is Drd2 dependent and that POMCDrd2+ neurons exhibit differential expression of neuropeptide signaling mediators compared with the global POMC neuron population, which manifests in enhanced somatostatin responsiveness of POMCDrd2+ neurons. Selective chemogenetic activation of POMCDrd2+ neurons uncovered their ability to acutely suppress feeding and to preserve body temperature in fasted mice. Collectively, the present study provides the molecular and functional characterization of POMCDrd2+ neurons and aids our understanding of dopamine-dependent control of homeostatic energy-regulatory neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Gaziano
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Svenja Corneliussen
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Institute for Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - René Neuhaus
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Linyan Shen
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Paul Klemm
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Alain J. De Solis
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - F. Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Obesity and Cancer group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Institute for Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Laing BT, Jayan A, Erbaugh LJ, Park AS, Wilson DJ, Aponte Y. Regulation of body weight and food intake by AGRP neurons during opioid dependence and abstinence in mice. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:977642. [PMID: 36110920 PMCID: PMC9468932 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.977642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of body weight maintenance and opioid dependence are often treated as independent disorders. Here, we assessed the effects of both acute and long-term administration of morphine with and without chemogenetic activation of agouti-related peptide (AGRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARCAGRP neurons) to elucidate whether morphine and neuronal activation affect feeding behavior and body weight. First, we characterized interactions of opioids and energy deficit in wild-type mice. We observed that opioid administration attenuated both fasting-induced refeeding and ghrelin-stimulated feeding. Moreover, antagonism of opioid receptors blocked fasting-induced refeeding behavior. Next, we interfaced chemogenetics with opioid dependence. For chemogenetic experiments of ARCAGRP neurons, we conducted a priori behavioral qualification and post-mortem FOS immunostaining verification of arcuate activation following ARCAGRP chemogenetic activation. We administered clozapine during short-term and long-term morphine administration paradigms to determine the effects of dependence on food intake and body weight. We found that morphine occluded feeding behavior characteristic of chemogenetic activation of ARCAGRP neurons. Notably, activation of ARCAGRP neurons attenuated opioid-induced weight loss but did not evoke weight gain during opioid dependence. Consistent with these findings, we observed that morphine administration did not block fasting-induced activation of the ARC. Together, these results highlight the strength of opioidergic effects on body weight maintenance and demonstrate the utility of ARCAGRP neuron manipulations as a lever to influence energy balance throughout the development of opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton T. Laing
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aishwarya Jayan
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lydia J. Erbaugh
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anika S. Park
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danielle J. Wilson
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yeka Aponte
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Development of "Hunger Neurons" and the Unanticipated Relationship Between Energy Metabolism and Mother-Infant Interactions. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:907-914. [PMID: 35397878 PMCID: PMC10184517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of a lifetime, the perinatal period plays an outsized role in the function of physiological systems. Here, we discuss how neurons that regulate energy metabolism contribute to the infant's relationship with the mother. We focus our discussion on Agrp neurons, which are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These neurons heavily regulate energy metabolism. Because offspring transition from a period of dependence on the caregiver to independence, we discuss the importance of the caregiver-offspring relationship for the function of Agrp neurons. We present evidence that in the adult, Agrp neurons motivate the animal to eat, while in the neonate, they motivate the offspring to seek the proximity of the caregiver. We specifically highlight the peculiarities in the development of Agrp neurons and how they relate to the regulation of metabolism and behavior over the course of a lifetime. In sum, this review considers the unique insights that ontogenetic studies can offer toward our understanding of complex biological systems, such as the regulation of energy metabolism and mother-infant attachment.
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12
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The DREADDful Hurdles and Opportunities of the Chronic Chemogenetic Toolbox. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071110. [PMID: 35406674 PMCID: PMC8998042 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic character of chemogenetics has been put forward as one of the assets of the technique, particularly in comparison to optogenetics. Yet, the vast majority of chemogenetic studies have focused on acute applications, while repeated, long-term neuromodulation has only been booming in the past few years. Unfortunately, together with the rising number of studies, various hurdles have also been uncovered, especially in relation to its chronic application. It becomes increasingly clear that chronic neuromodulation warrants caution and that the effects of acute neuromodulation cannot be extrapolated towards chronic experiments. Deciphering the underlying cellular and molecular causes of these discrepancies could truly unlock the chronic chemogenetic toolbox and possibly even pave the way for chemogenetics towards clinical application. Indeed, we are only scratching the surface of what is possible with chemogenetic research. For example, most investigations are concentrated on behavioral read-outs, whereas dissecting the underlying molecular signature after (chronic) neuromodulation could reveal novel insights in terms of basic neuroscience and deregulated neural circuits. In this review, we highlight the hurdles associated with the use of chemogenetic experiments, as well as the unexplored research questions for which chemogenetics offers the ideal research platform, with a particular focus on its long-term application.
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13
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Kolesov DV, Sokolinskaya EL, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Molecular Tools for Targeted Control of Nerve Cell Electrical Activity. Part II. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:17-32. [PMID: 35127143 PMCID: PMC8807539 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern life sciences, the issue of a specific, exogenously directed manipulation of a cell's biochemistry is a highly topical one. In the case of electrically excitable cells, the aim of the manipulation is to control the cells' electrical activity, with the result being either excitation with subsequent generation of an action potential or inhibition and suppression of the excitatory currents. The techniques of electrical activity stimulation are of particular significance in tackling the most challenging basic problem: figuring out how the nervous system of higher multicellular organisms functions. At this juncture, when neuroscience is gradually abandoning the reductionist approach in favor of the direct investigation of complex neuronal systems, minimally invasive methods for brain tissue stimulation are becoming the basic element in the toolbox of those involved in the field. In this review, we describe three approaches that are based on the delivery of exogenous, genetically encoded molecules sensitive to external stimuli into the nervous tissue. These approaches include optogenetics (overviewed in Part I), as well as chemogenetics and thermogenetics (described here, in Part II), which is significantly different not only in the nature of the stimuli and structure of the appropriate effector proteins, but also in the details of experimental applications. The latter circumstance is an indication that these are rather complementary than competing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. L. Sokolinskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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14
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Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J. Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100944. [PMID: 34425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is the fine regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake. Negative energy balance causes body weight loss, while positive energy balance promotes weight gain. Modern societies offer a maladapted way of life, where easy access to palatable foods and the lack of opportunities to perform physical activity are considered the roots of the obesity pandemic. Physical exercise increases energy expenditure and, consequently, is supposed to promote weight loss. Paradoxically, physical exercise acutely drives anorexigenic-like effects, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using an evolutionary background, this review aims to highlight the potential involvement of the melanocortin system and other hypothalamic neural circuitries regulating energy balance during and after physical exercise. The physiological significance of these changes will be explored, and possible signalling agents will be addressed. The knowledge discussed here might be important for clarifying obesity aetiology as well as new therapeutic approaches for body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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15
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Deem JD, Faber CL, Morton GJ. AgRP neurons: Regulators of feeding, energy expenditure, and behavior. FEBS J 2021; 289:2362-2381. [PMID: 34469623 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that express agouti-related peptide (AgRP) govern a critical aspect of survival: the drive to eat. Equally important to survival is the timing at which food is consumed-seeking or eating food to alleviate hunger in the face of a more pressing threat, like the risk of predation, is clearly maladaptive. To ensure optimal prioritization of behaviors within a given environment, therefore, AgRP neurons must integrate signals of internal need states with contextual environmental cues. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight recent advances that extend our understanding of AgRP neurons, including the neural circuits they engage to regulate feeding, energy expenditure, and behavior. We also discuss key findings that illustrate how both classical feedback and anticipatory feedforward signals regulate this neuronal population and how the integration of these signals may be disrupted in states of energy excess. Finally, we examine both technical and conceptual challenges facing the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Chronic glucocorticoid treatment induces hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia in part through actions on AgRP neurons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13776. [PMID: 34215821 PMCID: PMC8253818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed anti-inflammatory medicines, but their use can lead to metabolic side-effects. These may occur through direct actions of GCs on peripheral organs, but could also be mediated by the hypothalamic AgRP neurons, which can increase food intake and modify peripheral metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of chronic treatment with the GC corticosterone (Cort, 75 μg/ml in drinking water) in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on AgRP neurons. Female AgRP-GR KO mice had delayed onset of Cort-induced hyperphagia. However, AgRP-GR KO had little impact on the increased body weight or adiposity seen with 3 weeks Cort treatment. Cort caused hepatic steatosis in control mice, but in Cort treated female AgRP-GR KO mice there was a 25% reduction in liver lipid content and lower plasma triglycerides. Additionally, Cort treatment led to hyperinsulinaemia, but compared to controls, Cort-treated AgRP-GR KO mice had both lower fasting insulin levels and lower insulin levels during a glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, these data indicate that GCs do act through AgRP neurons to contribute, at least in part, to the adverse metabolic consequences of chronic GC treatment.
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17
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Meister J, Wang L, Pydi SP, Wess J. Chemogenetic approaches to identify metabolically important GPCR signaling pathways: Therapeutic implications. J Neurochem 2021; 158:603-620. [PMID: 33540469 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug) are designer G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are widely used in the neuroscience field to modulate neuronal activity. In this review, we will focus on DREADD studies carried out with genetically engineered mice aimed at elucidating signaling pathways important for maintaining proper glucose and energy homeostasis. The availability of muscarinic receptor-based DREADDs endowed with selectivity for one of the four major classes of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs , Gi , Gq , and G12 ) has been instrumental in dissecting the physiological and pathophysiological roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in metabolically important cell types. The novel insights gained from this work should inform the development of novel classes of drugs useful for the treatment of several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Abstract
Interoceptive signals from gut and adipose tissue and sensory cues from the environment are integrated by hubs in the brain to regulate feeding behavior and maintain homeostatic control of body weight. In vivo neural recordings have revealed that these signals control the activity of multiple layers of hunger neurons and eating is not only the result of feedback correction to a set point, but can also be under the influence of anticipatory regulations. A series of recent technical developments have revealed how peripheral and sensory signals, in particular, from the gut are conveyed to the brain to integrate neural circuits. Here, we describe the mechanisms involved in gastrointestinal stimulation by nutrients and how these signals act on the hindbrain to generate motivated behaviors. We also consider the organization of multidirectional intra- and extrahypothalamic circuits and how this has created a framework for understanding neural control of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moura-Assis
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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