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Prabhat A, Sami D, Ehlman A, Stumpf I, Seward T, Su W, Gong MC, Schroder EA, Delisle BP. Dim light at night unmasks sex-specific differences in circadian and autonomic regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1191. [PMID: 39333678 PMCID: PMC11437115 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Shift work and artificial light at night disrupt the entrainment of endogenous circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior to the day-night cycle. We hypothesized that exposure to dim light at night (dLAN) disrupts feeding rhythms, leading to sex-specific changes in autonomic signaling and day-night heart rate and blood pressure rhythms. Compared to mice housed in 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycles, mice exposed to dLAN showed reduced amplitudes in day-night feeding, heart rate, and blood pressure rhythms. In female mice, dLAN reduced the amplitude of day-night cardiovascular rhythms by decreasing the relative sympathetic regulation at night, while in male mice, it did so by increasing the relative sympathetic regulation during the daytime. Time-restricted feeding to the dim light cycle reversed these autonomic changes in both sexes. We conclude that dLAN induces sex-specific changes in autonomic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, and time-restricted feeding may represent a chronotherapeutic strategy to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of light at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
| | - Dema Sami
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Allison Ehlman
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Isabel Stumpf
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Tanya Seward
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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2
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Ribas-Latre A, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428601. [PMID: 39175542 PMCID: PMC11338815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining metabolic balance relies on accumulating nutrients during feeding periods and their subsequent release during fasting. In obesity and metabolic disorders, strategies aimed at reducing food intake while simulating fasting have garnered significant attention for weight loss. Caloric restriction (CR) diets and intermittent fasting (IF) interventions have emerged as effective approaches to improving cardiometabolic health. Although the comparative metabolic benefits of CR versus IF remain inconclusive, this review focuses on various forms of IF, particularly time-restricted eating (TRE). Methods This study employs a narrative review methodology, systematically collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the existing literature on TRE and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive and unbiased search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies, including pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Keywords such as "Obesity," "Intermittent Fasting," "Time-restricted eating," "Chronotype," and "Circadian rhythms" guided the search. The selected studies were critically appraised based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, allowing for a thorough exploration and synthesis of current knowledge. Results This article synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical studies on TRE and its metabolic effects, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identifying gaps for future research. It explores the metabolic outcomes of recent clinical trials employing different TRE protocols in individuals with overweight, obesity, or type II diabetes, emphasizing the significance of individual chronotype, which is often overlooked in practice. In contrast to human studies, animal models underscore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by obesity through time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions. Consequently, we examine pre-clinical evidence supporting the interplay between the circadian clock and TRF interventions. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of the microbiota, which TRE can modulate and its influence on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
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3
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Crowthers R, Thi Mong Nguyen T, Martinez D. Circadian disruptions and their role in the development of hypertension. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1433512. [PMID: 39170672 PMCID: PMC11335678 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1433512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian fluctuations in physiological setpoints are determined by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which exerts control over many target structures within and beyond the hypothalamus via projections. The SCN, or central pacemaker, orchestrates synchrony between the external environment and the internal circadian mechanism. The resulting cycles in hormone levels and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity provide precise messages to specific organs, adjusting, for example, their sensitivity to approaching hormones or metabolites. The SCN responds to both photic (light) and non-photic input. Circadian patterns are found in both heart rate and blood pressure, which are linked to daily variations in activity and autonomic nervous system activity. Variations in blood pressure are of great interest as several cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, arrhythmias, and hypertension are linked to circadian rhythm dysregulation. The disruption of normal day-night cycles, such as in shift work, social jetlag, or eating outside of normal hours leads to desynchronization of the central and peripheral clocks. This desynchronization leads to disorganization of the cellular processes that are normally driven by the interactions of the SCN and photic input. Here, we review autonomic system function and dysfunction due to regulation and interaction between different cardiorespiratory brain centers and the SCN, as well as social, lifestyle, and external factors that may impact the circadian control of blood pressure.
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4
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McHill AW, Butler MP. Eating Around the Clock: Circadian Rhythms of Eating and Metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2024; 44:25-50. [PMID: 38848598 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-014528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The time of day that we eat is increasingly recognized as contributing as importantly to overall health as the amount or quality of the food we eat. The endogenous circadian clock has evolved to promote intake at optimal times when an organism is intended to be awake and active, but electric lights and abundant food allow eating around the clock with deleterious health outcomes. In this review, we highlight literature pertaining to the effects of food timing on health, beginning with animal models and then translation into human experiments. We emphasize the pitfalls and opportunities that technological advances bring in bettering understanding of eating behaviors and their association with health and disease. There is great promise for restricting the timing of food intake both in clinical interventions and in public health campaigns for improving health via nonpharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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5
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Chacon AN, Su W, Hou T, Guo Z, Gong MC. Exenatide administration time determines the effects on blood pressure dipping in db/db mice via modulation of food intake and sympathetic activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601700. [PMID: 39005289 PMCID: PMC11245019 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetics have an increased prevalence of hypertension and nondipping blood pressure (BP), which worsen cardiovascular outcomes. Exenatide, a short acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) used to treat type 2 diabetes, also demonstrates blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. However, the mechanisms behind this and the impact of administration timing on BP dipping remain unclear. We investigated the effects of exenatide intraperitoneal injected at light onset (ZT0) or dark onset (ZT12) in diabetic (db/db) mice and nondiabetic controls. Using radio-telemetry and BioDAQ cages, we continuously monitored BP and food intake. Db/db mice exhibited non-dipping BP and increased food intake. ZT0 exenatide administration restored BP dipping by specifically lowering light-phase BP, while ZT12 exenatide reversed dipping by lowering dark-phase BP. These effects correlated with altered food intake patterns, and importantly, were abolished when food access was removed. Additionally, urinary norepinephrine excretion, measured by HPLC, was significantly reduced 6 hours post-exenatide at both ZT0 and ZT12, suggesting sympathetic nervous system involvement. Notably, combining exenatide with either ganglionic blocker mecamylamine or α-blocker prazosin did not enhance BP reduction beyond the individual effects of each blocker. These findings reveal that exenatide, when administered at light onset, restores BP dipping in db/db mice by suppressing light-phase food intake and sympathetic activity. Importantly, the efficacy of exenatide is dependent on food availability and its timing relative to circadian rhythms, highlighting the potential for chronotherapy in optimizing GLP-1RA- based treatments for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Graphic Abstract Article Highlights Maintaining a normal blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is vital for cardiovascular health, but diabetes often disrupts this rhythm. The effect of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), on BP rhythm in diabetes is uncertain.This study investigates the impact of exenatide administration timing on BP patterns in diabetic db/db mice.Findings indicate that exenatide given at the onset of rest restores normal BP dipping, while at the start of the active phase worsens BP rhythm by modulating food intake and sympathetic activity.Timing GLP-1 RA administration may optimize BP control and provide cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes patients.
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6
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Chen R, Zhang Z, Ma J, Liu B, Huang Z, Hu G, Huang J, Xu Y, Wang GZ. Circadian-driven tissue specificity is constrained under caloric restricted feeding conditions. Commun Biol 2024; 7:752. [PMID: 38902439 PMCID: PMC11190204 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue specificity is a fundamental property of an organ that affects numerous biological processes, including aging and longevity, and is regulated by the circadian clock. However, the distinction between circadian-affected tissue specificity and other tissue specificities remains poorly understood. Here, using multi-omics data on circadian rhythms in mice, we discovered that approximately 35% of tissue-specific genes are directly affected by circadian regulation. These circadian-affected tissue-specific genes have higher expression levels and are associated with metabolism in hepatocytes. They also exhibit specific features in long-reads sequencing data. Notably, these genes are associated with aging and longevity at both the gene level and at the network module level. The expression of these genes oscillates in response to caloric restricted feeding regimens, which have been demonstrated to promote longevity. In addition, aging and longevity genes are disrupted in various circadian disorders. Our study indicates that the modulation of circadian-affected tissue specificity is essential for understanding the circadian mechanisms that regulate aging and longevity at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renrui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ganlu Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 PMCID: PMC11207578 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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8
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Chi S, Zhang T, Pan Y, Niu S, Zhao L, Gu Z, Liu Q, Jin A, Wang W, Tan S. Time-restricted feeding alleviates metabolic implications of circadian disruption by regulating gut hormone release and brown fat activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:10443-10458. [PMID: 37916301 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with rotating and night shift work are highly susceptible to developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. This is primarily attributed to disruptions in the circadian rhythms caused by activities and irregular eating habits. Time-restricted feeding (tRF) limits the daily eating schedules and has been demonstrated to markedly improve several metabolic disorders. Although an intricate relationship exists between tRF and circadian rhythms, the underlying specific mechanism remains elusive. We used a sleep disruption device for activity interference and established a model of circadian rhythm disorder in mice with different genetic backgrounds. We found that circadian rhythm disruption led to abnormal hormone secretion in the gut and elevated insulin resistance. tRF improved metabolic abnormalities caused by circadian rhythm disruption, primarily by restoring the gut hormone secretion rhythm and activating brown fat thermogenesis. The crucial function of brown fat in tRF was confirmed using a mouse model with brown fat removal. We demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) effectively improved circadian rhythm disruption-induced metabolic disorders by restoring brown fat activation. Our findings demonstrate the potential benefits of CDCA in reversing metabolic disadvantages associated with irregular circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Chi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Taoyuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Shenghui Niu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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9
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Cheng WY, Desmet L, Depoortere I. Time-restricted eating for chronodisruption-related chronic diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14027. [PMID: 37553828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to the cyclic environmental changes including light-dark cycle or food availability. Misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and is closely associated with the development of metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Time-restricted eating (TRE, in human) is an emerging dietary approach for weight management. Recent studies have shown that TRE or time-restricted feeding (TRF, when referring to animals) has several beneficial health effects, which, however, are not limited to weight management. This review summarizes the effects of TRE/TRF on regulating energy metabolism, gut microbiota and homeostasis, development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we will address the role of circadian clocks in TRE/TRF and propose ways to optimize TRE as a dietary strategy to obtain maximal health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Desmet
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Morena da Silva F, Esser KA, Murach KA, Greene NP. Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284808. [PMID: 37563881 PMCID: PMC10858298 DOI: 10.1113/jp284808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h cycles evident in behaviour, physiology and metabolism. The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription-translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα/β, Per and Cry. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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11
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Liu J, Yi P, Liu F. The Effect of Early Time-Restricted Eating vs Later Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1824-1834. [PMID: 36702768 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It remains controversial whether the choice of the daily eating window early or later in time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention (early or later TRE) has different effects on weight loss and metabolic health. OBJECTIVE A network meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy between early and later TRE in adults with obesity or overweight. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until October 16, 2022. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of early and later TRE on body weight and metabolic parameters, including glycemic metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. RESULTS Twelve RCTs with 730 obese or overweight adults were included in this meta-analysis. Early TRE and later TRE both elicited moderate reductions in body weight and insulin resistance (IR) (homeostasis model assessment of IR) when compared to non-TRE. Interestingly, early TRE showed more effectiveness than later TRE in improving IR (early vs later TRE: -0.44; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.02; P < .05), whereas no statistically significant difference was detected in weight loss (early vs later TRE: -0.31 kg; 95% CI, -1.15 to 0.53 kg; P >.05). In addition, early TRE rather than later TRE showed significant benefits in glycemic metabolism and blood pressure when compared to non-TRE. No significant differences between early and later TRE were observed for fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that people may choose early TRE for more effective weight management and metabolic benefits. Nevertheless, further large-scale RCTs are warranted to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanhong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pan Yi
- Department of Business Group Insurance & Reinsurance, PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited Guangdong Branch, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510600, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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12
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Kuehn BM. Studies Suggest Time-Restricted Eating May Boost Metabolic Health. Circulation 2023; 147:1404-1406. [PMID: 37126570 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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13
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Koritala BSC, Lee YY, Gaspar LS, Bhadri SS, Su W, Wu G, Francey LJ, Ruben MD, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Smith DF. Obstructive sleep apnea in a mouse model is associated with tissue-specific transcriptomic changes in circadian rhythmicity and mean 24-hour gene expression. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002139. [PMID: 37252926 PMCID: PMC10228805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a major clinical feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The mechanisms that become dysregulated after periods of exposure to IH are unclear, particularly in the early stages of disease. The circadian clock governs a wide array of biological functions and is intimately associated with stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) under hypoxic conditions. In patients, IH occurs during the sleep phase of the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, potentially affecting their circadian rhythms. Alterations in the circadian clock have the potential to accelerate pathological processes, including other comorbid conditions that can be associated with chronic, untreated OSA. We hypothesized that changes in the circadian clock would manifest differently in those organs and systems known to be impacted by OSA. Using an IH model to represent OSA, we evaluated circadian rhythmicity and mean 24-hour expression of the transcriptome in 6 different mouse tissues, including the liver, lung, kidney, muscle, heart, and cerebellum, after a 7-day exposure to IH. We found that transcriptomic changes within cardiopulmonary tissues were more affected by IH than other tissues. Also, IH exposure resulted in an overall increase in core body temperature. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between early exposure to IH and changes in specific physiological outcomes. This study provides insight into the early pathophysiological mechanisms associated with IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laetitia S. Gaspar
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Shweta S. Bhadri
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lauren J. Francey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Ruben
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming C. Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David F. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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14
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Tang D, Tang Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Fu X. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204487. [PMID: 36737846 PMCID: PMC10037992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Qiuyan Tang
- Neurology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan610075China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
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15
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Gumz ML, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Balijepalli RC, Benedict C, Chen Y, Earnest DJ, Gamble KL, Garrison SR, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Hong Y, Ivy JR, Joe B, Laposky AD, Liang M, MacLaughlin EJ, Martino TA, Pollock DM, Redline S, Rogers A, Dan Rudic R, Schernhammer ES, Stergiou GS, St-Onge MP, Wang X, Wright J, Oh YS. Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report. Hypertension 2023; 80:503-522. [PMID: 36448463 PMCID: PMC9931676 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (M.L.G.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, The Columbia Hypertension Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A.)
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Research Department, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (Y.C.)
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX (D.J.E.)
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott R Garrison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada (S.R.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.C.G.)
| | | | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.R.I.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (B.J.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (A.D.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (M.L.)
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX (E.J.M.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- Center for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Amy Rogers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, GA (R.D.R.)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.S.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center, STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center' New York, NY (M.-P.S.-O.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, GA (X.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
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16
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Costello HM, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Juffre A, Bratanatawira P, Mckee A, Thelwell RS, Mendez VM, Wingo CS, Douma LG, Gumz ML. Adrenal-Specific KO of the Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Alters Blood Pressure Rhythm and Timing of Eating Behavior. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad001. [PMID: 36778748 PMCID: PMC9909366 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) is a core circadian clock protein and transcription factor that regulates many physiological functions, including blood pressure (BP). Male global Bmal1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit ∼10 mmHg reduction in BP, as well as a blunting of BP rhythm. The mechanisms of how BMAL1 regulates BP remains unclear. The adrenal gland synthesizes hormones, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, that influence BP rhythm. To determine the role of adrenal BMAL1 on BP regulation, adrenal-specific Bmal1 (ASCre/+ ::Bmal1) KO mice were generated using aldosterone synthase Cre recombinase to KO Bmal1 in the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa. We confirmed the localization and efficacy of the KO of BMAL1 to the zona glomerulosa. Male ASCre/+ ::Bmal1 KO mice displayed a shortened BP and activity period/circadian cycle (typically 24 h) by ∼1 h and delayed peak of BP and activity by ∼2 and 3 h, respectively, compared with littermate Cre- control mice. This difference was only evident when KO mice were in metabolic cages, which acted as a stressor, as serum corticosterone was increased in metabolic cages compared with home cages. AS Cre/+ ::Bmal1 KO mice also displayed altered diurnal variation in serum corticosterone. Furthermore, these mice have altered eating behaviors where they have a blunted night/day ratio of food intake, but no change in overall food consumed compared with controls. Overall, these data suggest that adrenal BMAL1 has a role in the regulation of BP rhythm and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Annalisse Mckee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryanne S Thelwell
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Victor M Mendez
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Research, North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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17
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Fang Y, Jo SK, Park SJ, Yang J, Ko YS, Lee HY, Oh SW, Cho WY, Kim K, Son GH, Kim MG. Role of the Circadian Clock and Effect of Time-Restricted Feeding in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100008. [PMID: 36748191 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most physiological functions exhibit circadian rhythmicity that is partly regulated by the molecular circadian clock. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the circadian clock and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of the clock gene in adenine-induced CKD and the mechanisms of interaction were investigated in mice in which Bmal1, the master regulator of the clock gene, was knocked out, and Bmal1 knockout (KO) tubule cells. We also determined whether the renoprotective effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF), a dietary strategy to enhance circadian rhythm, is clock gene-dependent. The mice with CKD showed altered expression of the core clock genes with a loss of diurnal variations in renal functions and key tubular transporter gene expression. Bmal1 KO mice developed more severe fibrosis, and transcriptome profiling followed by gene ontology analysis suggested that genes associated with the cell cycle, inflammation, and fatty acid oxidation pathways were significantly affected in the mutant mice. Tubule-specific deletion of BMAL1 in HK-2 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 led to upregulation of p21 and tumor necrosis α and exacerbated epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression upon transforming growth factor β stimulation. Finally, TRF in the mice with CKD partially restored the disrupted oscillation of the kidney clock genes, accompanied by improved cell cycle arrest and inflammation, leading to decreased fibrosis. However, the renoprotective effect of TRF was abolished in Bmal1 KO mice, suggesting that TRF is partially dependent on the clock gene. Our data demonstrate that the molecular clock system plays an important role in CKD via cell cycle regulation and inflammation. Understanding the role of the circadian clock in kidney diseases can be a new research field for developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Jo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ji Park
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Ko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yong Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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A Skeletal Muscle-Centric View on Time-Restricted Feeding and Obesity under Various Metabolic Challenges in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010422. [PMID: 36613864 PMCID: PMC9820735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of adults will suffer from obesity in the U.S. by 2030. High obesity rates can lead to high economic and healthcare burdens in addition to elevated mortality rates and reduced health span in patients. Emerging data demonstrate that obesity is a multifactorial complex disease with various etiologies including aging, a lifestyle of chronic high-fat diets (HFD), genetic predispositions, and circadian disruption. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF; TRE in humans) is an intervention demonstrated by studies to show promise as an effective alternative therapy for ameliorating the effects of obesity and metabolic disease. New studies have recently suggested that TRF/TRE modulates the skeletal muscle which plays a crucial role in metabolism historically observed to be impaired under obesity. Here we discuss recent findings regarding potential mechanisms underlying TRF's modulation of skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and structure which may shed light on future research related to TRF as a solution to obesity.
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19
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Forte M, Rodolico D, Ameri P, Catalucci D, Chimenti C, Crotti L, Schirone L, Pingitore A, Torella D, Iacovone G, Valenti V, Schiattarella GG, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 24:e3-e14. [PMID: 36729582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases still represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions can also be adopted for the prevention of these morbid conditions. Lifestyle changes include exercise and dietary restriction protocols, such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, which were shown to delay cardiovascular ageing and elicit health-promoting effects in preclinical models of cardiometabolic diseases. Beneficial effects are mediated by the restoration of multiple molecular mechanisms in heart and vessels that are compromised by metabolic stress. Exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. They also improve autophagy. The result of these effects is a marked improvement of vascular and heart function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary restriction in models of diabetes and obesity. We also discuss clinical studies and gap in animal-to-human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano.,National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS, Milan
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
| | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery 'Paride Stefanini' Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | | | | | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
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20
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Wang W, Wei R, Pan Q, Guo L. Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: a systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:77. [PMID: 36348493 PMCID: PMC9644535 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a cardiometabolic disease, hypertension has shown an obvious upward trend, becoming a global epidemic chronic disease. Lifestyle intervention is a fundamental method for lowering blood pressure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on blood pressure. Methods Studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to evaluate the effects of TRE on blood pressure. The time frame of search was from the start of database construction until July 14, 2022.There were no language restrictions. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using Stata version 16. The weighted mean difference with 95% CI was used to assess the effect of TRE on blood pressure, heart rate, weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. The main ending of this article were blood pressure and heart rate, while the secondary ending were weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Results Ten randomized controlled trials involving 694 patients were identified. TRE significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean difference = −4.15; 95% CI: −6.73, −2.30; P < 0.0001), but had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean difference = −2.06; 95% CI: −4.16, 0.02; P = 0.053) and no beneficial effect on heart rate (mean difference = 0.36; 95% CI: −2.83, 3.54; P = 0.0825). TRE promoted weight loss (mean difference = −1.63; 95% CI: −2.61, −0.64; P = 0.001) and decreased blood glucose levels (mean difference = −2.80; 95% CI: −4.64, −0.96; P = 0.003), but had no significant effect on total cholesterol (mean difference = 0.03, 95% CI: −10.01, 10.08; P = 0.995), HDL-C (mean difference = 0.85, 95% CI: −1.80, 3.49; P = 0.531), LDL-C (mean difference = −0.86, 95% CI: −6.47, 4.76; P = 0.764), or triglycerides (mean difference = −3.524, 95% CI: −9.49, 2.45; P = 0.248). In a separate meta-regression analysis, the degree of SBP change was related to weight loss (P = 0.044) but not to glucose improvement (P = 0.867). Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that TRE significantly reduced SBP, while no effect of reducing DBP was seen. The observed lower blood pressure may be attributed to significant weight loss. The effects of TRE on heart rate and blood lipid levels were not apparent.
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21
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Duan D, Bhat S, Jun JC, Sidhaye A. Time-Restricted Eating in Metabolic Syndrome-Focus on Blood Pressure Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:485-497. [PMID: 36066740 PMCID: PMC9446596 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a promising dietary intervention for weight loss and improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors. We aim to provide a critical review of blood pressure outcomes reported in clinical TRE studies in adults with metabolic syndrome, in the context of the proposed mechanisms that underlie the relationship between timing of eating and blood pressure. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical TRE studies report mixed results pertaining to blood pressure outcomes, likely due to significant heterogeneity in study design and TRE protocols. Mechanistically, TRE's metabolic benefits have been speculated to be mediated by alignment of meal timing with circadian regulation of metabolic processes and/or enhancement of catabolism as a result of prolonging the fasting period. TRE protocols that start and end earlier appear to have more pronounced blood pressure lowering effects. Blood pressure also tends to be lower with narrower eating windows. Concurrent weight loss is not consistently linked to blood pressure reduction, while lower insulin levels may be an important factor for blood pressure reduction. Notably, no published studies have reported 24-h blood pressure profiles or data on blood pressure variability. Blood pressure has only been examined in limited TRE studies, measured at a single time point. Given the clinical relevance of blood pressure's diurnal variability and the mechanistic evidence underlying timing of eating and blood pressure effects, more studies are needed to investigate TRE's effects on the diurnal variability of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St, Ste 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Salman Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St, Ste 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aniket Sidhaye
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St, Ste 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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22
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He M, Wang J, Liang Q, Li M, Guo H, Wang Y, Deji C, Sui J, Wang YW, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Qian B, Chen H, Ma M, Su S, Geng H, Zhou WX, Guo X, Zhu WZ, Zhang M, Chen Z, Rensen PC, Hui CC, Wang Y, Shi B. Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100777. [PMID: 36220069 PMCID: PMC9589024 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of carbohydrate-rich food combined with adverse eating patterns contributes to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in China. Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial to determine the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), an 8-h time-restricted eating (TRE) schedule, and their combination on body weight and abdominal fat area (i.e., primary outcomes) and cardiometabolic outcomes in participants with MetS. Compared with baseline, all 3-month treatments significantly reduce body weight and subcutaneous fat area, but only TRE and combination treatment reduce visceral fat area (VFA), fasting blood glucose, uric acid (UA), and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, compared with changes of LCD, TRE and combination treatment further decrease body weight and VFA, while only combination treatment yields more benefits on glycemic control, UA, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion, without change of physical activity, an 8-h TRE with or without LCD can serve as an effective treatment for MetS (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04475822).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cuomu Deji
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sui
- Department of Endocrinology and International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ya-wen Wang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Buyue Qian
- Network and Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huaixi Chen
- Network and Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mao Ma
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shi Su
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Geng
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-xu Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-zhi Zhu
- Med-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chi-chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Med-X institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Corresponding author
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Corresponding author
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23
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Petersen MC, Gallop MR, Flores Ramos S, Zarrinpar A, Broussard JL, Chondronikola M, Chaix A, Klein S. Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1991-2034. [PMID: 35834774 PMCID: PMC9423781 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology, and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we 1) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; 2) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; 3) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; 4) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and 4) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Molly R Gallop
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Departments of Nutrition and Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Hou T, Chacon AN, Su W, Katsumata Y, Guo Z, Gong MC. Role of sympathetic pathway in light-phase time-restricted feeding-induced blood pressure circadian rhythm alteration. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969345. [PMID: 36159491 PMCID: PMC9493072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm, independent of hypertension, is emerging as an index for future target organ damage and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Previous studies showed that changing food availability time alters BP rhythm in several mammalian species. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this, the current study specifically investigates (1) the relationship between rhythms of food intake and BP in wild-type mice; (2) effects of light-phase time-restricted feeding (TRF, food only available during light-phase) on BP circadian rhythm in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice; (3) the roles of the autonomic system and clock gene in light-phase TRF induced changes in BP circadian rhythm. Food intake and BP of C57BL/6J and db/db mice were simultaneously and continuously recorded using BioDAQ and telemetry systems under ad libitum or light-phase TRF. Per2 protein daily oscillation was recorded in vivo by IVIS spectrum in mPer2 Luc mice. Autonomic nerve activity was evaluated by heart rate variability, baroreflex, urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) excretion, and mRNA expressions of catecholamines biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes, and alpha-adrenergic receptors in mesenteric resistance arteries. We found that in wild-type mice, the BP level was correlated with the food intake temporally across the 24 h. Reversing the feeding time by imposing light-phase TRF resulted in reverse or inverted BP dipping. Interestingly, the net changes in food intake were correlated with the net alteration in BP temporally under light-phase TRF. In db/db mice, light-phase TRF worsened the existing non-dipping BP. The food intake and BP circadian rhythm changes were associated with alterations in Per2 protein daily oscillation and the time-of-day variations in heart rate variability, baroreflex, and urinary excretion of NE and Epi, and increased mRNA expression of Slc6a2 (encoding NE transporter) and Adra1d (encoding alpha-adrenergic receptor 1d) in the mesenteric resistance arteries, indicating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was modulated after light-phase TRF. Collectively, our results demonstrated that light-phase TRF results in reverse dipping of BP in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice and revealed the potential role of the sympathetic pathway in light-phase TRF-induced BP circadian rhythm alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Hou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aaron N. Chacon
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ming C. Gong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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25
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Brown MR, Matveyenko AV. It's What and When You Eat: An Overview of Transcriptional and Epigenetic Responses to Dietary Perturbations in Pancreatic Islets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842603. [PMID: 35355560 PMCID: PMC8960041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ever-changing modern environment is a significant contributor to the increased prevalence of many chronic diseases, and particularly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the modern era has ushered in numerous changes to our daily living conditions, changes in "what" and "when" we eat appear to disproportionately fuel the rise of T2DM. The pancreatic islet is a key biological controller of an organism's glucose homeostasis and thus plays an outsized role to coordinate the response to environmental factors to preserve euglycemia through a delicate balance of endocrine outputs. Both successful and failed adaptation to dynamic environmental stimuli has been postulated to occur due to changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of pathways associated with islet secretory function and survival. Therefore, in this review we examined and evaluated the current evidence elucidating the key epigenetic mechanisms and transcriptional programs underlying the islet's coordinated response to the interaction between the timing and the composition of dietary nutrients common to modern lifestyles. With the explosion of next generation sequencing, along with the development of novel informatic and -omic approaches, future work will continue to unravel the environmental-epigenetic relationship in islet biology with the goal of identifying transcriptional and epigenetic targets associated with islet perturbations in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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26
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Abstract
The reality of life in modern times is that our internal circadian rhythms are often out of alignment with the light/dark cycle of the external environment. This is known as circadian disruption, and a wealth of epidemiological evidence shows that it is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease remains the top cause of death in the United States, and kidney disease in particular is a tremendous public health burden that contributes to cardiovascular deaths. There is an urgent need for new treatments for kidney disease; circadian rhythm-based therapies may be of potential benefit. The goal of this Review is to summarize the existing data that demonstrate a connection between circadian rhythm disruption and renal impairment in humans. Specifically, we will focus on chronic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, hypertension, and aging. Importantly, the relationship between circadian dysfunction and pathophysiology is thought to be bidirectional. Here we discuss the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying circadian dysfunction in diseases of the kidney. Finally, we provide a brief overview of potential circadian rhythm-based interventions that could provide benefit in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mohandas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
| | | | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Xu YX, Liu GY, Jiang Q, Bi HQ, Wang SC, Zhang PP, Gao CB, Chen GH, Cheng WH, Chen GJ, Zhu DF, Zhong MK, Xu Q. Effect of Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Health and Sleep-Wake Rhythms in Aging Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745227. [PMID: 34557073 PMCID: PMC8453873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, an irreversible and unavoidable physiological process in all organisms, is often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, and fatigue. Thus, older adults are more likely to experience metabolic symptoms and sleep disturbances than are younger adults. Restricted feeding (RF) is a dietary regimen aimed at improving metabolic health and extending longevity, as well as reorganizing sleep-wake cycles. However, the potential of RF to improve metabolic health and sleep quality in older adults who are known to show a tendency toward increased weight gain and decreased sleep is unknown. To elucidate this issue, aged mice were assigned to an RF protocol during the active phase for 2 h per day for 2 weeks. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded during the RF regime in RF group and control mice. At the end of this period, body weight and blood biochemistry profiles, including blood glucose, cholesterol, and enzyme activity, in addition to dopamine concentrations in the brain, were measured in the RF group and age-matched controls. RF for 2 weeks improved the metabolic health of aged mice by reducing their body weights and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. At the beginning of the RF regime, sleep decreased in the dark period but not in the light period. After stable food entrainment was achieved (7 days post-RF commencement), the amount of time spent in wakefulness during the light period dramatically increased for 2 h before food availability, thereby increasing the mean duration of awake episodes and decreasing the number of wakefulness episodes. There was no significant difference in the sleep-wake time during the dark period in the RF group, with similar total amounts of wakefulness and sleep in a 24-h period to those of the controls. During the RF regime, dopamine levels in the midbrain increased in the RF group, pointing to its potential as the mechanism mediating metabolic symptoms and sleep-wake regulation during RF. In conclusion, our study suggested that RF during aging might prohibit or delay the onset of age-related diseases by improving metabolic health, without having a severe deleterious effect on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Qi Bi
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Chan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Bing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders and Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Fa Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Kui Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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