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McAllan L, Baranasic D, Villicaña S, Brown S, Zhang W, Lehne B, Adamo M, Jenkinson A, Elkalaawy M, Mohammadi B, Hashemi M, Fernandes N, Lambie N, Williams R, Christiansen C, Yang Y, Zudina L, Lagou V, Tan S, Castillo-Fernandez J, King JWD, Soong R, Elliott P, Scott J, Prokopenko I, Cebola I, Loh M, Lenhard B, Batterham RL, Bell JT, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Scott WR. Integrative genomic analyses in adipocytes implicate DNA methylation in human obesity and diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2784. [PMID: 37188674 PMCID: PMC10185556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation variations are prevalent in human obesity but evidence of a causative role in disease pathogenesis is limited. Here, we combine epigenome-wide association and integrative genomics to investigate the impact of adipocyte DNA methylation variations in human obesity. We discover extensive DNA methylation changes that are robustly associated with obesity (N = 190 samples, 691 loci in subcutaneous and 173 loci in visceral adipocytes, P < 1 × 10-7). We connect obesity-associated methylation variations to transcriptomic changes at >500 target genes, and identify putative methylation-transcription factor interactions. Through Mendelian Randomisation, we infer causal effects of methylation on obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disturbances at 59 independent loci. Targeted methylation sequencing, CRISPR-activation and gene silencing in adipocytes, further identifies regional methylation variations, underlying regulatory elements and novel cellular metabolic effects. Our results indicate DNA methylation is an important determinant of human obesity and its metabolic complications, and reveal mechanisms through which altered methylation may impact adipocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam McAllan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Damir Baranasic
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sergio Villicaña
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Scarlett Brown
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marco Adamo
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Andrew Jenkinson
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Mohamed Elkalaawy
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Borzoueh Mohammadi
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Majid Hashemi
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Nadia Fernandes
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathalie Lambie
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colette Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Youwen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Liudmila Zudina
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sili Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - James W D King
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Richie Soong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- UCLH Bariatric Centre for Weight Loss, Weight Management and Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals, Ground Floor West Wing, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
- National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - William R Scott
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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2
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Zhao X, Qi Y, Wu T, Cheng G. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of the Jejunum Tissue Response to Colostrum and Milk Feeding in Dairy Calves during the Passive Immunity Period. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010145. [PMID: 36611753 PMCID: PMC9817995 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the feeding of calves are of increasing importance for the development of the dairy industry. While colostrum is essential for the health of newborn calves, knowledge of protein phosphorylation alterations in neonatal calves that are fed colostrum or mature milk is lacking. Here, mid-jejunum tissue samples were collected from calves that received colostrum or milk. Subsequently, the jejunum phosphoproteome was analyzed using a phosphopeptide enrichment method, i.e., titanium immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 2093 phosphopeptides carrying unique 1851 phosphorylation sites corresponding to 1180 phosphoproteins were identified. Of the 1180 phosphoproteins, 314 phosphorylation sites on 241 proteins were differentially expressed between the groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the phosphoproteins were strongly associated with developmental and macromolecule metabolic processes, signal transduction, and responses to stimuli and insulin. Pathway analysis showed that the spliceosome, Hippo, insulin, and neurotrophin signaling pathways were enriched. These results reveal the expression pattern and changes in the function of phosphoproteins in bovine jejunum tissues under different feeding conditions and provide further insights into the crucial role of colostrum feeding during the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-65146065; Fax: +86-551-62160275
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3
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Malaguarnera R, Gabriele C, Santamaria G, Giuliano M, Vella V, Massimino M, Vigneri P, Cuda G, Gaspari M, Belfiore A. Comparative proteomic analysis of insulin receptor isoform A and B signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111739. [PMID: 35940390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing generating two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The roles of IR-A in cancer and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well known but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their different biological effects are poorly understood. We aimed to identify different or similar protein substrates and signaling linked to each IR isoforms. We employed mouse fibroblasts lacking IGF1R gene and expressing exclusively either IR-A or IR-B. By proteomic analysis a total of 2530 proteins were identified and quantified. Proteins and pathways mostly associated with insulin-activated IR-A were involved in cancer, stemness and interferon signaling. Instead, proteins and pathways associated with insulin-stimulated IR-B-expressing cells were mostly involved in metabolic or tumor suppressive functions. These results show that IR-A and IR-B recruit partially different multiprotein complexes in response to insulin, suggesting partially different functions of IR isoforms in physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Gabriele
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Marika Giuliano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Veronica Vella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Catania, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Catania, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
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Rewiring of the Liver Transcriptome across Multiple Time-Scales Is Associated with the Weight Loss-Independent Resolution of NAFLD Following RYGB. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040318. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery potently improves obesity and a myriad of obesity-associated co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Time-series omics data are increasingly being utilized to provide insight into the mechanistic underpinnings that correspond to metabolic adaptations in RYGB. However, the conventional computational biology methods used to interpret these temporal multi-dimensional datasets have been generally limited to pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) of isolated pair-wise comparisons based on either experimental condition or time point, neither of which adequately capture responses to perturbations that span multiple time scales. To address this, we have developed a novel graph network-based analysis workflow designed to identify modules enriched with biomolecules that share common dynamic profiles, where the network is constructed from all known biological interactions available through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource. This methodology was applied to time-series RNAseq transcriptomics data collected on rodent liver samples following RYGB, and those of sham-operated and weight-matched control groups, to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the improvement of as NAFLD. We report several network modules exhibiting a statistically significant enrichment of genes whose expression trends capture acute-phase as well as long term physiological responses to RYGB in a single analysis. Of note, we found the HIF1 and P53 signaling cascades to be associated with the immediate and the long-term response to RYGB, respectively. The discovery of less intuitive network modules that may have gone overlooked with conventional PEA techniques provides a framework for identifying novel drug targets for NAFLD and other metabolic syndrome co-morbidities.
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Fazakerley DJ, Koumanov F, Holman GD. GLUT4 On the move. Biochem J 2022; 479:445-462. [PMID: 35147164 PMCID: PMC8883492 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin rapidly stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Signals from the occupied insulin receptor are translated into downstream signalling changes in serine/threonine kinases within timescales of seconds, and this is followed by delivery and accumulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Kinetic studies have led to realisation that there are distinct phases of this stimulation by insulin. There is a rapid initial burst of GLUT4 delivered to the cell surface from a subcellular reservoir compartment and this is followed by a steady-state level of continuing stimulation in which GLUT4 recycles through a large itinerary of subcellular locations. Here, we provide an overview of the phases of insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and the molecules that are currently considered to activate these trafficking steps. Furthermore, we suggest how use of new experimental approaches together with phospho-proteomic data may help to further identify mechanisms for activation of these trafficking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Department for Health, Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
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Pan C, Li M, Wang J, Chu X, Xiong J, Yang X, Tang Y, Ma D, Yuan C, Zhu J, Chang Y, Zhang J, Wang C. miR-4431 targets TRIP10/PRKD1 and impairs glucose metabolism. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:617-627. [PMID: 34800086 PMCID: PMC9017615 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Introduction Obesity is considered an important risk factor for many metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the role of miR‐4431 in the obesity‐associated pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods Subjects were divided into normal control (n = 36), obese (n = 36), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 12) groups, and serum miR‐4431 levels were analyzed. Adenovirus‐vectored miR‐4431 mimic or sponge was intraperitoneally injected into the normal diet group and the high‐fat diet group (HFD) mice to investigate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid levels. The downstream target genes of miR‐4431 were predicted using bioinformatics, and they were verified in vitro. Results Serum miR‐4431 levels were significantly high in obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals, and positively correlated with the body mass index and fasting plasma glucose levels. In HFD mice, miR‐4431 levels in the serum, white adipose tissue, and liver were significantly increased. Moreover, miR‐4431 impaired glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism in mice. Bioinformatic prediction suggested that TRIP10 and PRKD1 could be the downstream target genes of miR‐4431. The HFD mice showed a remarkable reduction in the mRNA levels of TRIP10 and PRKD1 in the liver, which were countered by blocking miR‐4431. In HepG2 and L02 cells, miR‐4431 could downregulate TRIP10 and PRKD1 while blocking glucose uptake. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐4431 could bind TRIP10 and PRKD1 3′‐UTR. Conclusion miR‐4431 targets TRIP10/PRKD1 and impairs glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongge Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaolong Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianyu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yihan Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Dingling Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Shihezi, China
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Machin PA, Tsonou E, Hornigold DC, Welch HCE. Rho Family GTPases and Rho GEFs in Glucose Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040915. [PMID: 33923452 PMCID: PMC8074089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis leading to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is the cause of an increasing world health crisis. New intriguing roles have emerged for Rho family GTPases and their Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activators in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. This review summates the current knowledge, focusing in particular on the roles of Rho GEFs in the processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. We discuss the ten Rho GEFs that are known so far to regulate glucose homeostasis, nine of which are in mammals, and one is in yeast. Among the mammalian Rho GEFs, P-Rex1, Vav2, Vav3, Tiam1, Kalirin and Plekhg4 were shown to mediate the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and/or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. The Rho GEFs P-Rex1, Vav2, Tiam1 and β-PIX were found to control the glucose-stimulated release of insulin by pancreatic β cells. In vivo studies demonstrated the involvement of the Rho GEFs P-Rex2, Vav2, Vav3 and PDZ-RhoGEF in glucose tolerance and/or insulin sensitivity, with deletion of these GEFs either contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome or protecting from it. This research is in its infancy. Considering that over 80 Rho GEFs exist, it is likely that future research will identify more roles for Rho GEFs in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly A. Machin
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Elpida Tsonou
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK;
| | - David C. Hornigold
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK;
| | - Heidi C. E. Welch
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; (P.A.M.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1223-496-596
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9
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Sun YN, Huang JQ, Chen ZZ, Du M, Ren FZ, Luo J, Fang B. Amyotrophy Induced by a High-Fat Diet Is Closely Related to Inflammation and Protein Degradation Determined by Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis in Skeletal Muscle of C57BL/6 J Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:294-302. [PMID: 31618431 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscle results in dysfunction and atrophy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in modulating the structure and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanisms in mice. METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice (n = 30) were allowed 1 wk for acclimatization. After 6 mice with low body weight were removed from the study, the remaining 24 mice were fed with a normal-fat diet (NFD; 10% energy from fat, n = 12) or an HFD (60% energy from fat, n = 12) for 24 wk. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose and lipid concentrations were measured, and skeletal muscle was collected for atrophy analysis, inflammation measurements, and phosphoproteomic analysis. RESULTS Compared with the NFD, the HFD increased (P < 0.05) body weight (35.8%), serum glucose (64.5%), and lipid (27.3%) concentrations, along with elevated (P < 0.05) expressions of the atrophy-related proteins muscle ring finger 1 (MURF1; 27.6%) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFBX; 44.5%) in skeletal muscle. Phosphoproteomic analysis illustrated 64 proteins with differential degrees of phosphorylation between the HFD and NFD groups. These proteins were mainly involved in modulating cytoskeleton [adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) and actin-α skeletal muscle (ACTA1)], inflammation [NF-κB-activating protein (NKAP) and serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 (RIOK3)], glucose metabolism [Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (TRIP10); protein kinase C, and casein kinase II substrate protein 3 (PACSIN3)], and protein degradation [heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90AA1)]. The HFD-induced inhibitions of the insulin signaling pathway and activations of inflammation in skeletal muscle were verified by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis in C57BL/6 J mice fed an NFD or HFD for 24 wk revealed that the phosphorylation of inflammatory proteins and proteins associated with glucose metabolism at specific serine residues may play critical roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by an HFD. This work provides information regarding underlying molecular mechanisms for inflammation-induced dysfunction and atrophy in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zhou Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Blue RE, Curry EG, Engels NM, Lee EY, Giudice J. How alternative splicing affects membrane-trafficking dynamics. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs216465. [PMID: 29769303 PMCID: PMC6031328 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell biology field has outstanding working knowledge of the fundamentals of membrane-trafficking pathways, which are of critical importance in health and disease. Current challenges include understanding how trafficking pathways are fine-tuned for specialized tissue functions in vivo and during development. In parallel, the ENCODE project and numerous genetic studies have revealed that alternative splicing regulates gene expression in tissues and throughout development at a post-transcriptional level. This Review summarizes recent discoveries demonstrating that alternative splicing affects tissue specialization and membrane-trafficking proteins during development, and examines how this regulation is altered in human disease. We first discuss how alternative splicing of clathrin, SNAREs and BAR-domain proteins influences endocytosis, secretion and membrane dynamics, respectively. We then focus on the role of RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of splicing of membrane-trafficking proteins in health and disease. Overall, our aim is to comprehensively summarize how trafficking is molecularly influenced by alternative splicing and identify future directions centered on its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ennessa G Curry
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nichlas M Engels
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eunice Y Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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11
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Aspenström P. BAR Domain Proteins Regulate Rho GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:33-53. [PMID: 30151649 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain is a membrane lipid binding domain present in a wide variety of proteins, often proteins with a role in Rho-regulated signaling pathways. BAR domains do not only confer binding to lipid bilayers, they also possess a membrane sculpturing ability and thereby directly control the topology of biomembranes. BAR domain-containing proteins participate in a plethora of physiological processes but the common denominator is their capacity to link membrane dynamics to actin dynamics and thereby integrate processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, vesicle trafficking, cell morphogenesis and cell migration. The Rho family of small GTPases constitutes an important bridging theme for many BAR domain-containing proteins. This review article will focus predominantly on the role of BAR proteins as regulators or effectors of Rho GTPases and it will only briefly discuss the structural and biophysical function of the BAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, and Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Ameen GI, Mora S. Cbl downregulation increases RBP4 expression in adipocytes of female mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:29-41. [PMID: 29114012 PMCID: PMC5744582 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity leads to adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance and diabetes. Adipose tissue produces adipokines that contribute to regulate insulin sensitivity. In turn, insulin stimulates the production and release of some adipokines. Casitas-b-lymphoma proteins (c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl3) are intracellular adaptor signalling proteins that are rapidly phosphorylated by activation of tyrosine kinase receptors. c-Cbl is rapidly phosphorylated by insulin in adipocytes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Cbl signalling regulates adipokine expression in adipose tissue. We determined the adipokine profile of WAT of Cbl-/- and Cbl+/+ mice in the C57BL6 background. Female Cbl-/- mice exhibited altered expression of adiponectin, leptin and RBP4 in visceral adipose tissue, while no significant changes were seen in male mice. TNFα and IL6 levels were unaffected by Cbl depletion. RBP4 expression was unchanged in liver. Adipose tissue of Cbl-/- animals showed increased basal activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) compared to Cbl+/+. c-Cbl knockdown in 3T3L1 adipocytes also increased basal ERK phosphorylation and RBP4 expression. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in Cbl-depleted 3T3L1 adipocytes or in adipose tissue explants of Cbl-/- mice reduced RBP4 mRNA. 17β-Estradiol increased RBP4 mRNA in adipocytes. Cbl depletion did not change ER expression but increased phosphorylation of ERα at S118, a target site for ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibition reduced phosphoER and RBP4 levels. These findings suggest that Cbl contributes to regulate RBP4 expression in adipose of female mice through ERK1/2-mediated activation of ERα. Since Cbl signalling is compromised in diabetes, these data highlight a novel mechanism that upregulates RBP4 locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulizar Issa Ameen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Silvia Mora
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Dahlman I, Belarbi Y, Laurencikiene J, Pettersson AM, Arner P, Kulyté A. Comprehensive functional screening of miRNAs involved in fat cell insulin sensitivity among women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E482-E494. [PMID: 28270439 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00251.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The key pathological link between obesity and type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are not entirely identified. micro-RNAs (miRNA) are dysregulated in obesity and may contribute to insulin resistance. Our objective was to detect and functionally investigate miRNAs linked to insulin sensitivity in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). Subjects were selected based on the insulin-stimulated lipogenesis response of subcutaneous adipocytes. Global miRNA profiling was performed in abdominal scWAT of 18 obese insulin-resistance (OIR), 21 obese insulin-sensitive (OIS), and 9 lean women. miRNAs demonstrating differential expression between OIR and OIS women were overexpressed in human in vitro-differentiated adipocytes followed by assessment of lipogenesis and identification of miRNA targets by measuring mRNA/protein expression and 3'-untranslated region analysis. Eleven miRNAs displayed differential expression between OIR and OIS states. Overexpression of miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in human in vitro differentiated adipocytes and directly or indirectly affected several genes/proteins involved in insulin signaling at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Adipose expression of miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p was positively associated with insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in scWAT independent of body mass index. In conclusion, miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p are linked to scWAT insulin resistance independent of obesity and influence insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by interacting at different steps with insulin-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dahlman
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasmina Belarbi
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie M Pettersson
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Zhou X, Shentu P, Xu Y. Spatiotemporal Regulators for Insulin-Stimulated GLUT4 Vesicle Exocytosis. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1683678. [PMID: 28529958 PMCID: PMC5424486 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1683678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin increases glucose uptake and storage in muscle and adipose cells, which is accomplished through the mobilization of intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the cell surface upon stimulation. Importantly, the dysfunction of insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking is strongly linked with peripheral insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in human. The insulin signaling pathway, key signaling molecules involved, and precise trafficking itinerary of GSVs are largely identified. Understanding the interaction between insulin signaling molecules and key regulatory proteins that are involved in spatiotemporal regulation of GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis is of great importance to explain the pathogenesis of diabetes and may provide new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ping Shentu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- *Yingke Xu:
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15
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Erasmus JC, Bruche S, Pizarro L, Maimari N, Pogglioli T, Tomlinson C, Lees J, Zalivina I, Wheeler A, Alberts A, Russo A, Braga VMM. Defining functional interactions during biogenesis of epithelial junctions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13542. [PMID: 27922008 PMCID: PMC5150262 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of extensive recent progress, a comprehensive understanding of how actin cytoskeleton remodelling supports stable junctions remains to be established. Here we design a platform that integrates actin functions with optimized phenotypic clustering and identify new cytoskeletal proteins, their functional hierarchy and pathways that modulate E-cadherin adhesion. Depletion of EEF1A, an actin bundling protein, increases E-cadherin levels at junctions without a corresponding reinforcement of cell–cell contacts. This unexpected result reflects a more dynamic and mobile junctional actin in EEF1A-depleted cells. A partner for EEF1A in cadherin contact maintenance is the formin DIAPH2, which interacts with EEF1A. In contrast, depletion of either the endocytic regulator TRIP10 or the Rho GTPase activator VAV2 reduces E-cadherin levels at junctions. TRIP10 binds to and requires VAV2 function for its junctional localization. Overall, we present new conceptual insights on junction stabilization, which integrate known and novel pathways with impact for epithelial morphogenesis, homeostasis and diseases. Formation and reinforcement of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion depends on intracellular trafficking and interactions with the actin cytoskeleton, but how these are coordinated is not known. Here the authors conduct a focused phenotypic screen to identify new pathways regulating cell–cell junction homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S Bruche
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - L Pizarro
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Computing Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - N Maimari
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - T Pogglioli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery &Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Lees
- Department Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - I Zalivina
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A Wheeler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A Alberts
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - A Russo
- Computing Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - V M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Abstract
BAR proteins comprise a heterogeneous group of multi-domain proteins with diverse biological functions. The common denominator is the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain that not only confers targeting to lipid bilayers, but also provides scaffolding to mold lipid membranes into concave or convex surfaces. This function of BAR proteins is an important determinant in the dynamic reconstruction of membrane vesicles, as well as of the plasma membrane. Several BAR proteins function as linkers between cytoskeletal regulation and membrane dynamics. These links are provided by direct interactions between BAR proteins and actin-nucleation-promoting factors of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family and the Diaphanous-related formins. The Rho GTPases are key factors for orchestration of this intricate interplay. This review describes how BAR proteins regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, as well as how Rho GTPases regulate the function of BAR proteins. This mutual collaboration is a central factor in the regulation of vital cellular processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, intracellular transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- a Department of Microbiology and Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet ; Stockholm , Sweden
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17
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Kawaguchi Y, Mizuta T. Interaction between hepatitis C virus and metabolic factors. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2888-2901. [PMID: 24659880 PMCID: PMC3961972 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disrupts the normal metabolism processes, but is also influenced by several of the host’s metabolic factors. An obvious and significantly detrimental pathophysiological feature of HCV infection is insulin resistance in hepatic and peripheral tissues. Substantial research efforts have been put forth recently to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HCV-induced insulin resistance, and several cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, have been identified as important contributors to the development of insulin resistance in the distant peripheral tissues of HCV-infected patients and animal models. The demonstrated etiologies of HCV-induced whole-body insulin resistance include oxidative stress, lipid metabolism abnormalities, hepatic steatosis and iron overload. In addition, myriad effects of this condition have been characterized, including glucose intolerance, resistance to antiviral therapy, progression of hepatic fibrosis, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and general decrease in quality of life. Metabolic-related conditions and disorders, such as visceral obesity and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to synergistically enhance HCV-induced metabolic disturbance, and are associated with worse prognosis. Yet, the molecular interactions between HCV-induced metabolic disturbance and host-associated metabolic factors remain largely unknown. The diet and lifestyle recommendations for chronic hepatitis C are basically the same as those for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Specifically, patients are suggested to restrict their dietary iron intake, abstain from alcohol and tobacco, and increase their intake of green tea and coffee (to attain the beneficial effects of caffeine and polyphenols). While successful clinical management of HCV-infected patients with metabolic disorders has also been achieved with some anti-diabetic (i.e., metformin) and anti-lipid (i.e., statins) medications, it is recommended that sulfonylurea and insulin be avoided.
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18
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Roignot J, Bonacci T, Ghigo E, Iovanna JL, Soubeyran P. Oligomerization and phosphorylation dependent regulation of ArgBP2 adaptive capabilities and associated functions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87130. [PMID: 24475245 PMCID: PMC3903627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ArgBP2 (Arg-Binding Protein 2/SORBS2) is an adaptor protein involved in cytoskeleton associated signal transduction, thereby regulating cell migration and adhesion. These features are associated with its antitumoral role in pancreatic cancer cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of ArgBP2, mediated by c-Abl kinase and counterbalanced by PTP-PEST phosphatase, regulates many of its interactions. However, the exact mechanisms of action and of regulation of ArgBP2 remain largely unknown. We found that ArgBP2 has the capacity to form oligomers which are destabilized by tyrosine phosphorylation. We could show that ArgBP2 oligomerization involves the binding of one of its SH3 domains to a specific proline rich cluster. ArgBP2 self-association increases its binding to some of its molecular partners and decreased its affinity for others. Hence, the phosphorylation/oligomerization state of ArgBP2 directly regulates its functions by modulating its adaptive capabilities. Importantly, using a human pancreatic cancer cell model (MiaPaCa-2 cells), we could validate that this property of ArgBP2 is critical for its cytoskeleton associated functions. In conclusions, we describe a new mechanism of regulation of ArgBP2 where tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein interfere with a SH3 mediated self-interaction, thereby controlling its panel of interacting partners and related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Roignot
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Bonacci
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- URMITE-IRD198, CNRS UMR7278, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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CIP4 is required for the hypertrophic growth of neonatal cardiac myocytes. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:56. [PMID: 23915320 PMCID: PMC3750294 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CIP4 is a scaffold protein that regulates membrane deformation and tubulation, organization of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis of growth factor receptors, and vesicle trafficking. Although expressed in the heart, CIP4 has not been studied with regards to its potential function in cardiac myocytes. RESULTS We now show using RNA interference that CIP4 expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes is required for the induction of non-mitotic, hypertrophic growth by the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, the IL-6 cytokine leukemia inhibitor factor, and fetal bovine serum, as assayed using morphometry, immunocytochemistry for the hypertrophic marker atrial natriuretic factor and [3H]leucine incorporation for de novo protein synthesis. This requirement was consistent with the induction of CIP4 expression by hypertrophic stimulation. The inhibition of myocyte hypertrophy by CIP4 small interfering oligonucleotides (siRNA) was rescued by expression of a recombinant CIP4 protein, but not by a mutant lacking the N-terminal FCH domain responsible for CIP4 intracellular localization. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that CIP4 plays a significant role in the intracellular hypertrophic signal transduction network that controls the growth of cardiac myocytes in heart disease.
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20
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Ramalingam L, Oh E, Thurmond DC. Novel roles for insulin receptor (IR) in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells via new and unexpected substrates. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2815-34. [PMID: 23052216 PMCID: PMC3556358 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway regulates whole-body glucose homeostasis by transducing extracellular signals from the insulin receptor (IR) to downstream intracellular targets, thus coordinating a multitude of biological functions. Dysregulation of IR or its signal transduction is associated with insulin resistance, which may culminate in type 2 diabetes. Following initial stimulation of IR, insulin signaling diverges into different pathways, activating multiple substrates that have roles in various metabolic and cellular processes. The integration of multiple pathways arising from IR activation continues to expand as new IR substrates are identified and characterized. Accordingly, our review will focus on roles for IR substrates as they pertain to three primary areas: metabolism/glucose uptake, mitogenesis/growth, and aging/longevity. While IR functions in a seemingly pleiotropic manner in many cell types, through these three main roles in fat and skeletal muscle cells, IR multi-tasks to regulate whole-body glucose homeostasis to impact healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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21
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Leu YW, Huang THM, Hsiao SH. Epigenetic reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 754:195-211. [PMID: 22956503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various sources and induced into different cell types. Although MSCs possess immune privilege and are more easily obtained than embryonic stem cells, their propensity to tumorigenesis has not been fully explored. Epigenomic changes in DNA methylation and chromatin structure have been hypothesized to be critical in the determination of lineage-specific differentiation and tumorigenesis of MSCs, but this has not been formally proven. We applied a targeted DNA methylation method to methylate a Polycomb group protein-governed gene, Trip10, in MSCs, which accelerated the cell fate determination of MSCs. In addition, targeted methylation of HIC1 and RassF1A, both tumor suppressor genes, transformed MSCs into tumor stem cell-like cells. This new method will allow better control of the differentiation of MSCs and their use in downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Leu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan.
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22
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Bridges D, Chang L, Lodhi IJ, Clark NA, Saltiel AR. TC10 is regulated by caveolin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42451. [PMID: 22900022 PMCID: PMC3416860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TC10 is a small GTPase found in lipid raft microdomains of adipocytes. The protein undergoes activation in response to insulin, and plays a key role in the regulation of glucose uptake by the hormone. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS TC10 requires high concentrations of magnesium in order to stabilize guanine nucleotide binding. Kinetic analysis of this process revealed that magnesium acutely decreased the nucleotide release and exchange rates of TC10, suggesting that the G protein may behave as a rapidly exchanging, and therefore active protein in vivo. However, in adipocytes, the activity of TC10 is not constitutive, indicating that mechanisms must exist to maintain the G protein in a low activity state in untreated cells. Thus, we searched for proteins that might bind to and stabilize TC10 in the inactive state. We found that Caveolin interacts with TC10 only when GDP-bound and stabilizes GDP binding. Moreover, knockdown of Caveolin 1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased the basal activity state of TC10. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Together these data suggest that TC10 is intrinsically active in vivo, but is maintained in the inactive state by binding to Caveolin 1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes under basal conditions, permitting its activation by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Bridges
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Louise Chang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Irfan J. Lodhi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Natalie A. Clark
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Bogan JS, Rubin BR, Yu C, Löffler MG, Orme CM, Belman JP, McNally LJ, Hao M, Cresswell JA. Endoproteolytic cleavage of TUG protein regulates GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23932-47. [PMID: 22610098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.339457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells, insulin causes the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Previous data support a model in which TUG traps GLUT4-containing vesicles and tethers them intracellularly in unstimulated cells and in which insulin mobilizes this pool of vesicles by releasing this tether. Here we show that TUG undergoes site-specific endoproteolytic cleavage, which separates a GLUT4-binding, N-terminal region of TUG from a C-terminal region previously suggested to bind an intracellular anchor. Cleavage is accelerated by insulin stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is highly dependent upon adipocyte differentiation. The N-terminal TUG cleavage product has properties of a novel 18-kDa ubiquitin-like modifier, which we call TUGUL. The C-terminal product is observed at the expected size of 42 kDa and also as a 54-kDa form that is released from membranes into the cytosol. In transfected cells, intact TUG links GLUT4 to PIST and also binds Golgin-160 through its C-terminal region. PIST is an effector of TC10α, a GTPase previously shown to transmit an insulin signal required for GLUT4 translocation, and we show using RNAi that TC10α is required for TUG proteolytic processing. Finally, we demonstrate that a cleavage-resistant form of TUG does not support highly insulin-responsive GLUT4 translocation or glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Together with previous results, these data support a model whereby insulin stimulates TUG cleavage to liberate GLUT4 storage vesicles from the Golgi matrix, which promotes GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface and enhances glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA.
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The BAR Domain Superfamily Proteins from Subcellular Structures to Human Diseases. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:91-117. [PMID: 24957964 PMCID: PMC4021885 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have complicated membrane systems. The outermost plasma membrane contains various substructures, such as invaginations and protrusions, which are involved in endocytosis and cell migration. Moreover, the intracellular membrane compartments, such as autophagosomes and endosomes, are essential for cellular viability. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) domain superfamily proteins are important players in membrane remodeling through their structurally determined membrane binding surfaces. A variety of BAR domain superfamily proteins exist, and each family member appears to be involved in the formation of certain subcellular structures or intracellular membrane compartments. Most of the BAR domain superfamily proteins contain SH3 domains, which bind to the membrane scission molecule, dynamin, as well as the actin regulatory WASP/WAVE proteins and several signal transduction molecules, providing possible links between the membrane and the cytoskeleton or other machineries. In this review, we summarize the current information about each BAR superfamily protein with an SH3 domain(s). The involvement of BAR domain superfamily proteins in various diseases is also discussed.
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Qualmann B, Koch D, Kessels MM. Let's go bananas: revisiting the endocytic BAR code. EMBO J 2011; 30:3501-15. [PMID: 21878992 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Against the odds of membrane resistance, members of the BIN/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain superfamily shape membranes and their activity is indispensable for a plethora of life functions. While crystal structures of different BAR dimers advanced our understanding of membrane shaping by scaffolding and hydrophobic insertion mechanisms considerably, especially life-imaging techniques and loss-of-function studies of clathrin-mediated endocytosis with its gradually increasing curvature show that the initial idea that solely BAR domain curvatures determine their functions is oversimplified. Diagonal placing, lateral lipid-binding modes, additional lipid-binding modules, tilde shapes and formation of macromolecular lattices with different modes of organisation and arrangement increase versatility. A picture emerges, in which BAR domain proteins create macromolecular platforms, that recruit and connect different binding partners and ensure the connection and coordination of the different events during the endocytic process, such as membrane invagination, coat formation, actin nucleation, vesicle size control, fission, detachment and uncoating, in time and space, and may thereby offer mechanistic explanations for how coordination, directionality and effectiveness of a complex process with several steps and key players can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Qualmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University Hospital Jena-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
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Wakita Y, Kakimoto T, Katoh H, Negishi M. The F-BAR protein Rapostlin regulates dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32672-83. [PMID: 21768103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pombe Cdc15 homology proteins, characterized by Fer/CIP4 homology Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs/extended Fer/CIP4 homology (F-BAR/EFC) domains with membrane invaginating property, play critical roles in a variety of membrane reorganization processes. Among them, Rapostlin/formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17) has attracted increasing attention as a critical coordinator of endocytosis. Here we found that Rapostlin was expressed in the developing rat brain, including the hippocampus, in late developmental stages when accelerated dendritic spine formation and maturation occur. In primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, knockdown of Rapostlin by shRNA or overexpression of Rapostlin-QQ, an F-BAR domain mutant of Rapostlin that has no ability to induce membrane invagination, led to a significant decrease in spine density. Expression of shRNA-resistant wild-type Rapostlin effectively restored spine density in Rapostlin knockdown neurons, whereas expression of Rapostlin deletion mutants lacking the protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) or Src homology 3 (SH3) domain did not. In addition, knockdown of Rapostlin or overexpression of Rapostlin-QQ reduced the uptake of transferrin in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of Rnd2, which binds to the HR1 domain of Rapostlin, also reduced spine density and the transferrin uptake. These results suggest that Rapostlin and Rnd2 cooperatively regulate spine density. Indeed, Rnd2 enhanced the Rapostlin-induced tubular membrane invagination. We conclude that the F-BAR protein Rapostlin, whose activity is regulated by Rnd2, plays a key role in spine formation through the regulation of membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Wakita
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Sit ST, Manser E. Rho GTPases and their role in organizing the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:679-83. [PMID: 21321325 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.064964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Tuck Sit
- sGSK Group, A-Star Neuroscience Research Partnership, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Morcavallo A, Gaspari M, Pandini G, Palummo A, Cuda G, Larsen MR, Vigneri R, Belfiore A. Research resource: New and diverse substrates for the insulin receptor isoform A revealed by quantitative proteomics after stimulation with IGF-II or insulin. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1456-68. [PMID: 21680660 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The isoform A of the insulin receptor (IR) (IR-A) is a bifunctional receptor, because it binds both insulin and IGF-II. IR-A activation by IGF-II plays a role in development, but its physiological role in adults is unknown. IGF-II signaling through IR-A is deregulated in cancer and favors tumor progression. We hypothesized that IGF-II binding to the IR-A elicits a unique signaling pathway. In order to obtain an unbiased evaluation of IR-A substrates differentially involved after IGF-II and insulin stimulation, we performed quantitative proteomics of IR-A substrates recruited to tyrosine-phosphorylated protein complexes using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture in combination with antiphosphotyrosine antibody pull down and mass spectrometry. Using cells expressing only the human IR-A and lacking the IGF-I receptor, we identified 38 IR-A substrates. Only 10 were known IR mediators, whereas 28 substrates were not previously related to IR signaling. Eleven substrates were recruited by stimulation with both ligands: two equally recruited by IGF-II and insulin, three more strongly recruited by IGF-II, and six more strongly recruited by insulin. Moreover, 14 substrates were recruited solely by IGF-II and 13 solely by insulin stimulation. Interestingly, discoidin domain receptors, involved in cell migration and tumor metastasis, and ephrin receptor B4, involved in bidirectional signaling upon cell-cell contact, were predominantly activated by IGF-II. These findings indicate that IR-A activation by IGF-II elicits a unique signaling pathway that may play a distinct role in physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaide Morcavallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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29
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Hu J, Mukhopadhyay A, Truesdell P, Chander H, Mukhopadhyay UK, Mak AS, Craig AWB. Cdc42-interacting protein 4 is a Src substrate that regulates invadopodia and invasiveness of breast tumors by promoting MT1-MMP endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1739-51. [PMID: 21525036 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that promote extracellular matrix degradation and invasiveness of tumor cells. Src protein-tyrosine kinase is a potent inducer of invadopodia and tumor metastases. Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) adaptor protein interacts with actin regulatory proteins and regulates endocytosis. Here, we show that CIP4 is a Src substrate that localizes to invadopodia in MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells expressing activated Src (MDA-SrcYF). To probe the function of CIP4 in invadopodia, we established stable CIP4 knockdown in MDA-SrcYF cell lines by RNA interference. Compared with control cells, CIP4 knockdown cells degrade more extracellular matrix (ECM), have increased numbers of mature invadopodia and are more invasive through matrigel. Similar results are observed with knockdown of CIP4 in EGF-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. This inhibitory role of CIP4 is explained by our finding that CIP4 limits surface expression of transmembrane type I matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP), by promoting MT1-MMP internalization. Ectopic expression of CIP4 reduces ECM digestion by MDA-SrcYF cells, and this activity is enhanced by mutation of the major Src phosphorylation site in CIP4 (Y471). Overall, our results identify CIP4 as a suppressor of Src-induced invadopodia and invasion in breast tumor cells by promoting endocytosis of MT1-MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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30
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Foley K, Boguslavsky S, Klip A. Endocytosis, recycling, and regulated exocytosis of glucose transporter 4. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3048-61. [PMID: 21405107 DOI: 10.1021/bi2000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is responsible for the uptake of glucose into muscle and adipose tissues. Under resting conditions, GLUT4 is dynamically retained through idle cycling among selective intracellular compartments, from whence it undergoes slow recycling to the plasma membrane (PM). This dynamic retention can be released by command from intracellular signals elicited by insulin and other stimuli, which result in 2-10-fold increases in the surface level of GLUT4. Insulin-derived signals promote translocation of GLUT4 to the PM from a specialized compartment termed GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSV). Much effort has been devoted to the characterization of the intracellular compartments and dynamics of GLUT4 cycling and to the signals by which GLUT4 is sorted into, and recruited from, GSV. This review summarizes our understanding of intracellular GLUT4 traffic during its internalization from the membrane, its slow, constitutive recycling, and its regulated exocytosis in response to insulin. In spite of specific differences in GLUT4 dynamic behavior in adipose and muscle cells, the generalities of its endocytic and exocytic itineraries are consistent and an array of regulatory proteins that regulate each vesicular traffic event emerges from these cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Foley
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1X8, Canada
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31
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Hsu CC, Leu YW, Tseng MJ, Lee KD, Kuo TY, Yen JY, Lai YL, Hung YC, Sun WS, Chen CM, Chu PY, Yeh KT, Yan PS, Chang YS, Huang THM, Hsiao SH. Functional characterization of Trip10 in cancer cell growth and survival. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:12. [PMID: 21299869 PMCID: PMC3044094 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Cdc42-interacting protein-4, Trip10 (also known as CIP4), is a multi-domain adaptor protein involved in diverse cellular processes, which functions in a tissue-specific and cell lineage-specific manner. We previously found that Trip10 is highly expressed in estrogen receptor-expressing (ER+) breast cancer cells. Estrogen receptor depletion reduced Trip10 expression by progressively increasing DNA methylation. We hypothesized that Trip10 functions as a tumor suppressor and may be involved in the malignancy of ER-negative (ER-) breast cancer. To test this hypothesis and evaluate whether Trip10 is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation in other cancers, we evaluated DNA methylation of Trip10 in liver cancer, brain tumor, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Methods We applied methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing to determine the DNA methylation of Trip10 in various cancer cell lines and tumor specimens. We also overexpressed Trip10 to observe its effect on colony formation and in vivo tumorigenesis. Results We found that Trip10 is hypermethylated in brain tumor and breast cancer, but hypomethylated in liver cancer. Overexpressed Trip10 was associated with endogenous Cdc42 and huntingtin in IMR-32 brain tumor cells and CP70 ovarian cancer cells. However, overexpression of Trip10 promoted colony formation in IMR-32 cells and tumorigenesis in mice inoculated with IMR-32 cells, whereas overexpressed Trip10 substantially suppressed colony formation in CP70 cells and tumorigenesis in mice inoculated with CP70 cells. Conclusions Trip10 regulates cancer cell growth and death in a cancer type-specific manner. Differential DNA methylation of Trip10 can either promote cell survival or cell death in a cell type-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Human Epigenomics Center, Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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32
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Hsiao SH, Lee KD, Hsu CC, Tseng MJ, Jin VX, Sun WS, Hung YC, Yeh KT, Yan PS, Lai YY, Sun HS, Lu YJ, Chang YS, Tsai SJ, Huang THM, Leu YW. DNA methylation of the Trip10 promoter accelerates mesenchymal stem cell lineage determination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:305-12. [PMID: 20727853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation and histone modification controls cell fate during development and homeostasis in adulthood. Aberrant epigenetic modifications may lead to abnormal development, even diseases. We have found that Trip10 (thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10), an adaptor protein involved in diverse functions, is epigenetically regulated during lineage-specific induction of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To determine whether DNA methylation-induced gene silencing is sufficient to restrict cell fate changes, we applied an invitro method to specifically methylate the promoter of Trip10. Our hypothesis was that the methylation status of the Trip10 promoter in MSCs alters the differentiation preference of MSCs. Transfection of in vitro-methylated Trip10 promoter DNA into MSCs resulted in progressive accumulation of cytosine methylation at the endogenous Trip10 promoter, reduced Trip10 expression, and accelerated MSC-to-neuron and MSC-to-osteocyte differentiation. A two-component EGFP reporter gene system was established to confirm the level of transcriptional silencing and visualize the targeted DNA methylation. EGFP expression induced in the reporter system by targeted Trip10 methylation was reversed by adding 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, confirming that the suppressed Trip10 expression and disrupted MSC differentiation resulted from the in vitro-introduced methylations in the Trip10 promoter. With this targeted DNA methylation and reporter system, we are able to monitor the progression of locus-specific DNA methylation in vivo and correlate such changes with potential functional changes. Using this approach, we have established a new role for Trip10, showing that the level of Trip10 expression is associated with the maintenance and differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Hsiao
- Human Epigenomics Center, Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Højlund K, Bowen BP, Hwang H, Flynn CR, Madireddy L, Geetha T, Langlais P, Meyer C, Mandarino LJ, Yi Z. In vivo phosphoproteome of human skeletal muscle revealed by phosphopeptide enrichment and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:4954-65. [PMID: 19764811 DOI: 10.1021/pr9007267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in signal transduction pathways that regulate substrate and energy metabolism, contractile function, and muscle mass in human skeletal muscle. Abnormal phosphorylation of signaling enzymes has been identified in insulin-resistant muscle using phosphoepitope-specific antibodies, but its role in other skeletal muscle disorders remains largely unknown. This may be in part due to insufficient knowledge of relevant targets. Here, we therefore present the first large-scale in vivo phosphoproteomic study of human skeletal muscle from 3 lean, healthy volunteers. Trypsin digestion of 3-5 mg human skeletal muscle protein was followed by phosphopeptide enrichment using SCX and TiO(2). The resulting phosphopeptides were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Using this unbiased approach, we identified 306 distinct in vivo phosphorylation sites in 127 proteins, including 240 phosphoserines, 53 phosphothreonines, and 13 phosphotyrosines in at least 2 out of 3 subjects. In addition, 61 ambiguous phosphorylation sites were identified in at least 2 out of 3 subjects. The majority of phosphoproteins detected are involved in sarcomeric function, excitation-contraction coupling (the Ca(2+)-cycle), glycolysis, and glycogen metabolism. Of particular interest, we identified multiple novel phosphorylation sites on several sarcomeric Z-disk proteins known to be involved in signaling and muscle disorders. These results provide numerous new targets for the investigation of human skeletal muscle phosphoproteins in health and disease and demonstrate feasibility of phosphoproteomics research of human skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Højlund
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3704, USA
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Feng Y, Hartig SM, Bechill JE, Blanchard EG, Caudell E, Corey SJ. The Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) gene knock-out mouse reveals delayed and decreased endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:4348-54. [PMID: 19920150 PMCID: PMC2836039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly described F-BAR (Fer/CIP4 and Bin, amphiphysin, Rvs) family of proteins includes Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4), formin-binding protein-17 (FBP-17) and transactivator of cytoskeletal assembly-1 (Toca-1), and drives membrane deformation and invagination. Membrane remodeling affects endocytosis, vesicle budding, and cargo selection. The F-BAR family presents a novel family of proteins, which little is known about their in vivo function. We investigated the physiological role of CIP4, by creating Cip4-null mice through homologous recombination. Compared with their wild-type littermates, the Cip4-null mice displayed lower early post-prandial glucose levels. Adipocytes isolated from Cip4-null mice exhibited increased [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose uptake compared with cells from wild-type mice. The enhanced insulin sensitivity was not due to higher levels of insulin or phospho-Akt, a critical player in insulin signaling. However, higher glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels were detected in muscle membrane fractions in Cip4-null mice under insulin stimulation. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Cip4-null mice demonstrated decreased transferrin uptake, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, and horseradish peroxidase uptake, indicating that CIP4 affects multiple modes of endocytosis. These studies demonstrate a physiological role for CIP4 in endocytosis leading to a whole animal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Feng
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John E. Bechill
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Elisabeth G. Blanchard
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Eva Caudell
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Seth J. Corey
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
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Hu J, Troglio F, Mukhopadhyay A, Everingham S, Kwok E, Scita G, Craig AWB. F-BAR-containing adaptor CIP4 localizes to early endosomes and regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor trafficking and downregulation. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1686-97. [PMID: 19632321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42-Interacting Protein-4 (CIP4) family adaptors have been implicated in promoting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) internalization, however, their unique or overlapping functions remain unclear. Here, we show that although CIP4 was not required for early events in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR, CIP4 localizes to vesicles containing EGFR and Rab5. Furthermore, expression of constitutively active Rab5 led to accumulation of CIP4 and the related adaptor Toca-1 in giant endosomes. Using a mutagenesis approach, we show that localization of CIP4 to endosomes is mediated in part via the curved phosphoinositide-binding face of the CIP4 F-BAR domain. Downregulation of CIP4 in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells by RNA interference led to elevated EGFR levels, compared to control cells. Although surface expression of EGFR was not affected by CIP4 silencing, EGF-induced transit of EGFR from EEA1-positive endosomes to lysosomes was reduced compared to control cells. This correlated with more robust activation of ERK kinase and entry to S phase in CIP4-depleted A431 cells, compared to control cells. The combined silencing of CIP4 and Toca-1 was more effective in driving cells into S phase, suggesting a partial redundancy in their functions. Overall, our results implicate CIP4 and Toca-1 in regulating late events in EGFR trafficking from endosomes that serves to limit sustained ERK activation within the endosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Hu
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics and Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Roignot J, Taïeb D, Suliman M, Dusetti NJ, Iovanna JL, Soubeyran P. CIP4 is a new ArgBP2 interacting protein that modulates the ArgBP2 mediated control of WAVE1 phosphorylation and cancer cell migration. Cancer Lett 2009; 288:116-23. [PMID: 19631450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ArgBP2 is a multi-adapter protein involved in signal transduction associated to the cytoskeleton and was shown to regulate the migration and adhesion of pancreatic cancer cells thereby modulating their tumorigenicity. Here we describe the interaction of ArgBP2 with CIP4, a new associated protein identified by yeast two-hybrid. We found that both proteins modulated their reciprocal tyrosine phosphorylation catalyzed by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We observed that, like ArgBP2, CIP4 directly interacted with WAVE1 and could enhance its phosphorylation by c-Abl. ArgBP2 and CIP4 acted synergistically to increase WAVE1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, we could show that CIP4 was dispensable for the ArgBP2 induced blockade of cell migration whereas its overexpression was deleterious for this important function of ArgBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roignot
- INSERM, U.624, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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37
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You H, Zhang W, Moertel L, McManus DP, Gobert GN. Transcriptional profiles of adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum in response to insulin reveal increased expression of genes involved in growth and development. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39:1551-9. [PMID: 19596015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis was used to investigate differential gene regulation in adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum cultured in the presence or absence of insulin in vitro. A total of 1,101 genes were up- or down-regulated in response to insulin, the majority of differential expression occurring 24h after the addition of insulin to the cultures. Genes differentially expressed in male or female worms were predominantly involved in growth and development, with significant sex-specific differences in transcriptional profiles evident. Insulin appeared to promote protein synthesis and control protein degradation more prominently in male parasites. The study also indicated that insulin plays a more pronounced role in the uptake of glucose in unpaired female parasites, as reflected in the increased stimulation of gene expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase sub-pathway of insulin signalling. Insulin may also impact on the sexual differentiation and fecundity of female schistosomes by activation of the mitogenic-activated protein kinase sub-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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38
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Hartig SM, Ishikura S, Hicklen RS, Feng Y, Blanchard EG, Voelker KA, Pichot CS, Grange RW, Raphael RM, Klip A, Corey SJ. The F-BAR protein CIP4 promotes GLUT4 endocytosis through bidirectional interactions with N-WASp and Dynamin-2. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2283-91. [PMID: 19509061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
F-BAR proteins are a newly described family of proteins with unknown physiological significance. Because F-BAR proteins, including Cdc42 interacting protein-4 (CIP4), drive membrane deformation and affect endocytosis, we investigated the role of CIP4 in GLUT4 traffic by flow cytometry in GLUT4myc-expressing L6 myoblasts (L6 GLUT4myc). L6 GLUT4myc cells express CIP4a as the predominant F-BAR protein. siRNA knockdown of CIP4 increased insulin-stimulated (14)C-deoxyglucose uptake by elevating cell-surface GLUT4. Enhanced surface GLUT4 was due to decreased endocytosis, which correlated with lower transferrin internalization. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous CIP4 revealed that CIP4 interacted with N-WASp and Dynamin-2 in an insulin-dependent manner. FRET confirmed the insulin-dependent, subcellular properties of these interactions. Insulin exposure stimulated specific interactions in plasma membrane and cytosolic compartments, followed by a steady-state response that underlies the coordination of proteins needed for GLUT4 traffic. Our findings reveal a physiological function for F-BAR proteins, supporting a previously unrecognized role for the F-BAR protein CIP4 in GLUT4 endocytosis, and show that interactions between CIP4 and Dynamin-2 and between CIP4 and NWASp are spatially coordinated to promote function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Hartig
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Kobashigawa Y, Kumeta H, Kanoh D, Inagaki F. The NMR structure of the TC10- and Cdc42-interacting domain of CIP4. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2009; 44:113-8. [PMID: 19387844 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-009-9317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobashigawa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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40
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Kim YJ, Park T. Genes are differentially expressed in the epididymal fat of rats rendered obese by a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2009; 28:414-22. [PMID: 19083440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to identify the visceral adipose tissue genes differentially expressed in a well-characterized rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either the HFD (17 g lard + 3 g corn oil/100 g) or the normal diet (5 g corn oil/100 g) for 9 weeks. The HFD rats weighed 55% more and accumulated 85% to 133% greater visceral fats than did the normal-diet rats (P < .05). Animals given the HFD for 9 weeks acquired dyslipidemia, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia along with the overexpression of several obesity-related genes, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, resistin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, in the epididymal adipose tissue. The differential gene expression profile obtained from the cDNA microarray analysis followed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmation led to a recruitment of several uncharacterized adipose tissue genes responding to the HFD. We report herein, for the first time, that a series of genes which might be implicated in the insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 translocation, such as protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), cell division cycle 42-interacting protein 4, syntaxin 6, linker of T-cell receptor pathways 10, as well as the genes which might be involved in cancer development, such as heat shock 10-kd protein 1, and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, were differentially expressed in the epididymal adipose tissue of rats rendered obese by an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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41
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Bernard JR, Saito M, Liao YH, Yaspelkis BB, Ivy JL. Exercise training increases components of the c-Cbl-associated protein/c-Cbl signaling cascade in muscle of obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 2008; 57:858-66. [PMID: 18502271 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether alterations in the c-Cbl-associated protein/c-Cbl pathway and/or p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase) were associated with improved skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness in exercise-trained obese Zucker rats. Obese Zucker rats ran 5 d/wk on a motorized treadmill for 90 minutes over a 7-week period. Age-matched obese Zucker rats (OB-SED) and their lean littermates (LN-SED) were obtained to serve as nontrained controls. Twenty-four (OB-EX-24 h) or 48 hours (OB-EX-48 h) after the last exercise bout, the trained rats were studied via the hind limb perfusion technique in the presence of insulin. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly decreased across the skeletal muscle of OB-SED rats compared with LN-SED, but was normalized in the obese rats by 7 weeks of training. The insulin-stimulated plasma membrane protein concentrations of TC10 and glucose transporter 4 were reduced in the sedentary Zuckers, but both proteins were increased by the training protocol. Training did not increase insulin-stimulated p38 MAP kinase protein concentration, nor did it have an effect on insulin-stimulated p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that skeletal muscle insulin resistance is associated with reduced expression of TC10 and that this deficiency can be corrected with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Bernard
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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42
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Jun HS, Hwang K, Kim Y, Park T. High-fat diet alters PP2A, TC10, and CIP4 expression in visceral adipose tissue of rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1226-31. [PMID: 18388891 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate a possible link between high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) proteins, potential downstream components of the IRS/PI3K/AKT and CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, respectively, in the visceral adipose tissue. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups and were given either HFD or the normal diet (ND) for 8 weeks. The HFD-induced changes in the expression of the epididymal adipose tissue genes involved in the insulin-signaling pathways were evaluated using real-time reverse-transcription PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS The exposure of rats to HFD for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the expression of PP2A at both the transcriptional and translational levels, along with a marked reduction in the levels of phosphorylated AKT and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the cytosol of visceral adipocytes, compared with the ND rats. Besides, there were significant HFD-induced decreases in the mRNA and protein levels of CIP4 and TC10 in the adipose tissue of rats. DISCUSSION These data suggest that HFD might have a relevance to insulin resistance by increasing the expression of PP2A, an inhibitor of AKT activity in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and also by suppressing the expression of TC10 and CIP4, downstream effectors of the Cbl/CAP/TC10 insulin-signaling cascade in the visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seung Jun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Lodhi IJ, Bridges D, Chiang SH, Zhang Y, Cheng A, Geletka LM, Weisman LS, Saltiel AR. Insulin stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate production via the activation of Rab5. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2718-28. [PMID: 18434594 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-01-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) plays an important role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Insulin promotes the production of PI(3)P at the plasma membrane by a process dependent on TC10 activation. Here, we report that insulin-stimulated PI(3)P production requires the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase that plays a critical role in phosphoinositide synthesis and turnover. This activation occurs at the plasma membrane and is downstream of TC10. TC10 stimulates Rab5 activity via the recruitment of GAPEX-5, a VPS9 domain-containing guanyl nucleotide exchange factor that forms a complex with TC10. Although overexpression of plasma membrane-localized GAPEX-5 or constitutively active Rab5 promotes PI(3)P formation, knockdown of GAPEX-5 or overexpression of a dominant negative Rab5 mutant blocks the effects of insulin or TC10 on this process. Concomitant with its effect on PI(3)P levels, the knockdown of GAPEX-5 blocks insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake. Together, these studies suggest that the TC10/GAPEX-5/Rab5 axis mediates insulin-stimulated production of PI(3)P, which regulates trafficking of Glut4 vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan J Lodhi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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44
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Aspenström P. Roles of F-BAR/PCH proteins in the regulation of membrane dynamics and actin reorganization. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 272:1-31. [PMID: 19121815 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pombe Cdc15 Homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signaling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. The hallmark of the PCH proteins is the presence of a Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvsp (F-BAR) domain; therefore they are commonly referred to as F-BAR proteins. The prototype F-BAR protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in the formation of the contractile actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. Vertebrate F-BAR proteins have an established role in binding phospholipids and they participate in membrane deformations, for instance, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. This way the F-BAR proteins will function as linkers between the actin polymerization apparatus and the machinery regulating membrane dynamics. Interestingly, some members of the F-BAR proteins are implicated in inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders and the observations can be expected to have clinical implications for the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Hou JC, Pessin JE. Ins (endocytosis) and outs (exocytosis) of GLUT4 trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2007; 19:466-73. [PMID: 17644329 PMCID: PMC2041936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is the major insulin-regulated glucose transporter expressed mainly in muscle and adipose tissue. GLUT4 is stored in a poorly characterized intracellular vesicular compartment and translocates to the cell surface in response to insulin stimulation resulting in an increased glucose uptake. This process is essential for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and involves a complex interplay of trafficking events and intracellular signaling cascades. Recent studies have identified sortilin as an essential element for the formation of GLUT4 storage vesicles during adipogenesis and Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing Arf-binding protein (GGA) as a key coat adaptor for the entry of newly synthesized GLUT4 into the specialized compartment. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation from this compartment to the plasma membrane appears to require the Akt/protein kinase B substrate termed AS160 (Akt substrate of 160kDa). In addition, the VPS9 domain-containing protein Gapex-5 in complex with CIP4 appears to function as a Rab31 guanylnucleotide exchange factor that is necessary for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Here, we attempt to summarize recent advances in GLUT4 vesicle biogenesis, intracellular trafficking and membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Chunqiu Hou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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46
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Falasca M, Hughes WE, Dominguez V, Sala G, Fostira F, Fang MQ, Cazzolli R, Shepherd PR, James DE, Maffucci T. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2alpha in insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28226-36. [PMID: 17644513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704357200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family can be activated by several stimuli, indicating that these enzymes can regulate many intracellular processes. Nevertheless, to date, there has been no definitive identification of their in vivo product, their mechanism(s) of activation, or their precise intracellular roles. By metabolic labeling, we here identify phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate as the sole in vivo product of the insulin-dependent activation of PI3K-C2alpha, confirming the emerging role of such a phosphoinositide in signaling. We demonstrate that activation of PI3K-C2alpha involves its recruitment to the plasma membrane and that activation is mediated by the GTPase TC10. This is the first report showing a membrane targeting-mediated mechanism of activation for PI3K-C2alpha and that a small GTP-binding protein can activate a class II PI3K isoform. We also demonstrate that PI3K-C2alpha contributes to maximal insulin-induced translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and subsequent glucose uptake, definitely assessing the role of this enzyme in insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Inositide Signalling Group, Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
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47
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Chitu V, Stanley ER. Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins: coordinators of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:145-56. [PMID: 17296299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion, motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis involve the coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton and of the plasma membrane. The 'Pombe Cdc15 homology' (PCH) family of adaptor proteins has recently been shown to coordinate the membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics involved in these processes by curving membranes, recruiting dynamin and controlling the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in PCH family members or proteins that interact with them are associated with autoinflammatory, neurological or neoplastic diseases. Here, we review the nature, actions and disease associations of the vertebrate PCH family members, highlighting their fundamental roles in the regulation of processes involving membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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48
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Lodhi IJ, Chiang SH, Chang L, Vollenweider D, Watson RT, Inoue M, Pessin JE, Saltiel AR. Gapex-5, a Rab31 guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates Glut4 trafficking in adipocytes. Cell Metab 2007; 5:59-72. [PMID: 17189207 PMCID: PMC1779820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by promoting translocation of the Glut4 glucose transporter from intracellular storage compartments to the plasma membrane. In the absence of insulin, Glut4 is retained intracellularly; the mechanism underlying this process remains uncertain. Using the TC10-interacting protein CIP4 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we cloned a RasGAP and VPS9 domain-containing protein, Gapex-5/RME-6. The VPS9 domain is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab31, a Rab5 subfamily GTPase implicated in trans-Golgi network (TGN)-to-endosome trafficking. Overexpression of Rab31 blocks insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation, whereas knockdown of Rab31 potentiates insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake. Gapex-5 is predominantly cytosolic in untreated cells; its overexpression promotes intracellular retention of Glut4 in adipocytes. Insulin recruits the CIP4/Gapex-5 complex to the plasma membrane, thus reducing Rab31 activity and permitting Glut4 vesicles to translocate to the cell surface, where Glut4 docks and fuses to transport glucose into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan J. Lodhi
- Life Sciences Institute
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Daniel Vollenweider
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Robert T. Watson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Jeffrey E. Pessin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- *Corresponding author: Alan R. Saltiel Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan 210 Washtenaw Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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49
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Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that activation of the Rho family member GTPase TC10 is necessary but not sufficient for the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin. We show here that endogenous TC10alpha is rapidly activated in response to insulin in 3T3L1 adipocytes in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent manner, whereas platelet-derived growth factor was without effect. Knockdown of TC10alpha but not TC10beta by RNA interference inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as the translocation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane. In contrast, loss of TC10alpha had no effect on the stimulation of Akt by insulin. Additionally, knockdown of TC10alpha inhibited insulin-stimulated translocation of its effector CIP4. These data indicate that TC10alpha is specifically required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Chang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, USA
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50
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Aspenström P, Fransson A, Richnau N. Pombe Cdc15 homology proteins: regulators of membrane dynamics and the actin cytoskeleton. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 31:670-9. [PMID: 17074490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signalling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. For example, the prototype PCH protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in assembly of the contractile ring, which is needed to separate dividing cells. Recently, mammalian PCH proteins have been found to bind phospholipids and to participate in membrane deformation. These findings suggest that PCH proteins are crucial linkers of membrane dynamics and actin polymerization, for example, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. Intriguingly, some members of the PCH protein family are mutated in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, which has implications for the identification of cures for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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