1
|
Lu X, Wang M, Yue H, Feng X, Tian Y, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. Novel peptides from sea cucumber intestines hydrolyzed by neutral protease alleviate exercise-induced fatigue via upregulating the glutaminemediated Ca 2+ /Calcineurin signaling pathway in mice. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1727-1738. [PMID: 38258958 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sea cucumber intestines are considered a valuable resource in the sea cucumber processing industry due to their balanced amino acid composition. Studies have reported that peptides rich in glutamate and branched-chain amino acids have anti-fatigue properties. However, the function of the sea cucumber intestine in reducing exercise-induced fatigue remains unclear. In this study, we enzymatically hydrolyzed low molecular weight peptides from sea cucumber intestines (SCIP) and administered SCIP orally to mice to examine its effects on exercise-induced fatigue using swimming and pole-climbing exhaustion experiments. The results revealed that supplementation with SCIP significantly prolonged the exhaustion time of swimming in mice, decreased blood lactate and urea nitrogen levels, and increased liver and muscle glycogen levels following a weight-loaded swimming test. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated a notable increase the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fiber and a significant decrease the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fiber following SCIP supplementation. Furthermore, SCIP upregulated mRNA expression levels of Ca2+ /Calcineurin upstream and downstream regulators, thereby contributing to the promotion of skeletal muscle fiber type conversion. This study presents the initial evidence establishing SCIP as a potential enhancer of skeletal muscle fatigue resistance, consequently providing a theoretical foundation for the valuable utilization of sea cucumber intestines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Lu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tian
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lambert MR, Gussoni E. Tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) function in skeletal muscle and in myopathy. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 37936227 PMCID: PMC10629095 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin genes (TPM1-4) contribute to the functional diversity of skeletal muscle fibers. Since its discovery in 1988, the TPM3 gene has been recognized as an indispensable regulator of muscle contraction in slow muscle fibers. Recent advances suggest that TPM3 isoforms hold more extensive functions during skeletal muscle development and in postnatal muscle. Additionally, mutations in the TPM3 gene have been associated with the features of congenital myopathies. The use of different in vitro and in vivo model systems has leveraged the discovery of several disease mechanisms associated with TPM3-related myopathy. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which TPM3 mutations lead to muscle dysfunction remain unclear. This review consolidates over three decades of research about the role of TPM3 in skeletal muscle. Overall, the progress made has led to a better understanding of the phenotypic spectrum in patients affected by mutations in this gene. The comprehensive body of work generated over these decades has also laid robust groundwork for capturing the multiple functions this protein plays in muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Lambert
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadaki S, Fujita R, Hayashi T, Nakamura A, Okamura Y, Fuseya S, Hamada M, Warabi E, Kuno A, Ishii A, Muratani M, Okada R, Shiba D, Kudo T, Takeda S, Takahashi S. Large Maf transcription factor family is a major regulator of fast type IIb myofiber determination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112289. [PMID: 36952339 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibers are broadly characterized as fatigue-resistant slow-twitch (type I) fibers and rapidly fatiguing fast-twitch (type IIa/IIx/IIb) fibers. However, the molecular regulation of myofiber type is not entirely understood; particularly, information on regulators of fast-twitch muscle is scarce. Here, we demonstrate that the large Maf transcription factor family dictates fast type IIb myofiber specification in mice. Remarkably, the ablation of three large Mafs leads to the drastic loss of type IIb myofibers, resulting in enhanced endurance capacity and the reduction of muscle force. Conversely, the overexpression of each large Maf in the type I soleus muscle induces type IIb myofibers. Mechanistically, a large Maf directly binds to the Maf recognition element on the promoter of myosin heavy chain 4, which encodes the type IIb myosin heavy chain, driving its expression. This work identifies the large Maf transcription factor family as a major regulator for fast type IIb muscle determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sadaki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ayano Nakamura
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yui Okamura
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Risa Okada
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuhnen G, Guedes Russomanno T, Murgia M, Pillon NJ, Schönfelder M, Wackerhage H. Genes Whose Gain or Loss of Function Changes Type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B Muscle Fibre Proportions in Mice—A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112933. [PMID: 36361732 PMCID: PMC9658117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle fibres are classified as type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B. These classifications are based on the expression of the dominant myosin heavy chain isoform. Muscle fibre-specific gene expression and proportions of muscle fibre types change during development and in response to exercise, chronic electrical stimulation, or inactivity. To identify genes whose gain or loss-of-function alters type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice, we conducted a systematic review of transgenic mouse studies. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. We identified 25 “muscle fibre genes” (Akirin1, Bdkrb2, Bdnf, Camk4, Ccnd3, Cpt1a, Epas1, Esrrg, Foxj3, Foxo1, Il15, Mapk12, Mstn, Myod1, Ncor1, Nfatc1, Nol3, Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Sirt1, Sirt3, Thra, Thrb, Trib3, and Vgll2) whose gain or loss-of-function significantly changes type 1, 2A, 2X or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice. The fact that 15 of the 25 muscle fibre genes are transcriptional regulators suggests that muscle fibre-specific gene expression is primarily regulated transcriptionally. A reanalysis of existing datasets revealed that the expression of Ppargc1a and Vgll2 increases and Mstn decreases after exercise, respectively. This suggests that these genes help to regulate the muscle fibre adaptation to exercise. Finally, there are many known DNA sequence variants of muscle fibre genes. It seems likely that such DNA sequence variants contribute to the large variation of muscle fibre type proportions in the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabryela Kuhnen
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiago Guedes Russomanno
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- Max Planck Institute, Martinsried, 82152 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hughes DC, Hardee JP, Waddell DS, Goodman CA. CORP: Gene delivery into murine skeletal muscle using in vivo electroporation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:41-59. [PMID: 35511722 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategy of gene delivery into skeletal muscles has provided exciting avenues in identifying new potential therapeutics towards muscular disorders and addressing basic research questions in muscle physiology through overexpression and knockdown studies. In vivo electroporation methodology offers a simple, rapidly effective technique for the delivery of plasmid DNA into post-mitotic skeletal muscle fibers and the ability to easily explore the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity. The purpose of this review is to describe how to robustly electroporate plasmid DNA into different hindlimb muscles of rodent models. Further, key parameters (e.g., voltage, hyaluronidase, plasmid concentration) which contribute to the successful introduction of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle fibers will be discussed. In addition, details on processing tissue for immunohistochemistry and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis will be outlined. The overall goal of this review is to provide the basic and necessary information needed for successful implementation of in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA and thus open new avenues of discovery research in skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Attwaters M, Hughes SM. Cellular and molecular pathways controlling muscle size in response to exercise. FEBS J 2022; 289:1428-1456. [PMID: 33755332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery of ATP and motor proteins to synaptic neurotransmitters and growth factor control of cell differentiation, skeletal muscle has provided an extreme model system in which to understand aspects of tissue function. Muscle is one of the few tissues that can undergo both increase and decrease in size during everyday life. Muscle size depends on its contractile activity, but the precise cellular and molecular pathway(s) by which the activity stimulus influences muscle size and strength remain unclear. Four correlates of muscle contraction could, in theory, regulate muscle growth: nerve-derived signals, cytoplasmic calcium dynamics, the rate of ATP consumption and physical force. Here, we summarise the evidence for and against each stimulus and what is known or remains unclear concerning their molecular signal transduction pathways and cellular effects. Skeletal muscle can grow in three ways, by generation of new syncytial fibres, addition of nuclei from muscle stem cells to existing fibres or increase in cytoplasmic volume/nucleus. Evidence suggests the latter two processes contribute to exercise-induced growth. Fibre growth requires increase in sarcolemmal surface area and cytoplasmic volume at different rates. It has long been known that high-force exercise is a particularly effective growth stimulus, but how this stimulus is sensed and drives coordinated growth that is appropriately scaled across organelles remains a mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Attwaters
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng C, Shi H, Kirkpatrick LT, Ricome A, Park S, Scheffler JM, Hannon KM, Grant AL, Gerrard DE. Driving an Oxidative Phenotype Protects Myh4 Null Mice From Myofiber Loss During Postnatal Growth. Front Physiol 2022; 12:785151. [PMID: 35283757 PMCID: PMC8908108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth is accompanied by increases in fast fiber type compositions and hypertrophy, raising the possibility that a slow to fast transition may be partially requisite for increases in muscle mass. To test this hypothesis, we ablated the Myh4 gene, and thus myosin heavy chain IIB protein and corresponding fibers in mice, and examined its consequences on postnatal muscle growth. Wild-type and Myh4–/– mice had the same number of muscle fibers at 2 weeks postnatal. However, the gastrocnemius muscle lost up to 50% of its fibers between 2 and 4 weeks of age, though stabilizing thereafter. To compensate for the lack of functional IIB fibers, type I, IIA, and IIX(D) fibers increased in prevalence and size. To address whether slowing the slow-to-fast fiber transition process would rescue fiber loss in Myh4–/– mice, we stimulated the oxidative program in muscle of Myh4–/– mice either by overexpression of PGC-1α, a well-established model for fast-to-slow fiber transition, or by feeding mice AICAR, a potent AMP kinase agonist. Forcing an oxidative metabolism in muscle only partially protected the gastrocnemius muscle from loss of fibers in Myh4–/– mice. To explore whether traditional means of stimulating muscle hypertrophy could overcome the muscling deficits in postnatal Myh4–/– mice, myostatin null mice were bred with Myh4–/– mice, or Myh4–/– mice were fed the growth promotant clenbuterol. Interestingly, both genetic and pharmacological stimulations had little impact on mice lacking a functional Myh4 gene suggesting that the existing muscle fibers have maximized its capacity to enlarge to compensate for the lack of its neighboring IIB fibers. Curiously, however, cell signaling events responsible for IIB fiber formation remained intact in the tissue. These findings further show disrupting the slow-to-fast transition of muscle fibers compromises muscle growth postnatally and suggest that type IIB myosin heavy chain expression and its corresponding fiber type may be necessary for fiber maintenance, transition and hypertrophy in mice. The fact that forcing muscle metabolism toward a more oxidative phenotype can partially compensates for the lack of an intact Myh4 gene provides new avenues for attenuating the loss of fast-twitch fibers in aged or diseased muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zeng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hao Shi
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Research Group, Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Laila T. Kirkpatrick
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Research Group, Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aymeric Ricome
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jason M. Scheffler
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Research Group, Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Hannon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alan L. Grant
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Research Group, Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - David E. Gerrard
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Research Group, Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: David E. Gerrard,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alix-Fages C, Del Vecchio A, Baz-Valle E, Santos-Concejero J, Balsalobre-Fernández C. The role of the neural stimulus in regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1111-1128. [PMID: 35138447 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training is frequently performed with the goal of stimulating muscle hypertrophy. Due to the key roles motor unit recruitment and mechanical tension play to induce muscle growth, when programming, the manipulation of the training variables is oriented to provoke the correct stimulus. Although it is known that the nervous system is responsible for the control of motor units and active muscle force, muscle hypertrophy researchers and trainers tend to only focus on the adaptations of the musculotendinous unit and not in the nervous system behaviour. To better guide resistance exercise prescription for muscle hypertrophy and aiming to delve into the mechanisms that maximize this goal, this review provides evidence-based considerations for possible effects of neural behaviour on muscle growth when programming resistance training, and future neurophysiological measurement that should be tested when training to increase muscle mass. Combined information from the neural and muscular structures will allow to understand the exact adaptations of the muscle in response to a given input (neural drive to the muscle). Changes at different levels of the nervous system will affect the control of motor units and mechanical forces during resistance training, thus impacting the potential hypertrophic adaptations. Additionally, this article addresses how neural adaptations and fatigue accumulation that occur when resistance training may influence the hypertrophic response and propose neurophysiological assessments that may improve our understanding of resistance training variables that impact on muscular adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alix-Fages
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Fco Tomas y Valiente 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alessandro Del Vecchio
- Neuromuscular Physiology and Neural Interfacing Group, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Eneko Baz-Valle
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Fco Tomas y Valiente 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Plotkin DL, Roberts MD, Haun CT, Schoenfeld BJ. Muscle Fiber Type Transitions with Exercise Training: Shifting Perspectives. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9090127. [PMID: 34564332 PMCID: PMC8473039 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human muscle fibers are generally classified by myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms characterized by slow to fast contractile speeds. Type I, or slow-twitch fibers, are seen in high abundance in elite endurance athletes, such as long-distance runners and cyclists. Alternatively, fast-twitch IIa and IIx fibers are abundant in elite power athletes, such as weightlifters and sprinters. While cross-sectional comparisons have shown marked differences between athletes, longitudinal data have not clearly converged on patterns in fiber type shifts over time, particularly between slow and fast fibers. However, not all fiber type identification techniques are created equal and, thus, may limit interpretation. Hybrid fibers, which express more than one MHC type (I/IIa, IIa/IIx, I/IIa/IIx), may make up a significant proportion of fibers. The measurement of the distribution of fibers would necessitate the ability to identify hybrid fibers, which is best done through single fiber analysis. Current evidence using the most appropriate techniques suggests a clear ability of fibers to shift between hybrid and pure fibers as well as between slow and fast fiber types. The context and extent to which this occurs, along with the limitations of current evidence, are discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Plotkin
- Health Sciences Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (D.L.P.); (B.J.S.)
| | | | - Cody T. Haun
- Fitomics, LLC., Pelham, AL 35124, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Health Sciences Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (D.L.P.); (B.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schiaffino S, Reggiani C, Akimoto T, Blaauw B. Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:169-183. [PMID: 33216041 PMCID: PMC8075408 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be induced by hormones and growth factors acting directly as positive regulators of muscle growth or indirectly by neutralizing negative regulators, and by mechanical signals mediating the effect of resistance exercise. Muscle growth during hypertrophy is controlled at the translational level, through the stimulation of protein synthesis, and at the transcriptional level, through the activation of ribosomal RNAs and muscle-specific genes. mTORC1 has a central role in the regulation of both protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis. Several transcription factors and co-activators, including MEF2, SRF, PGC-1α4, and YAP promote the growth of the myofibers. Satellite cell proliferation and fusion is involved in some but not all muscle hypertrophy models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deshmukh AS, Steenberg DE, Hostrup M, Birk JB, Larsen JK, Santos A, Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Schéele CC, Murgia M, Kiens B, Richter EA, Mann M, Wojtaszewski JFP. Deep muscle-proteomic analysis of freeze-dried human muscle biopsies reveals fiber type-specific adaptations to exercise training. Nat Commun 2021; 12:304. [PMID: 33436631 PMCID: PMC7803955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle conveys several of the health-promoting effects of exercise; yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Studying skeletal muscle is challenging due to its different fiber types and the presence of non-muscle cells. This can be circumvented by isolation of single muscle fibers. Here, we develop a workflow enabling proteomics analysis of pools of isolated muscle fibers from freeze-dried human muscle biopsies. We identify more than 4000 proteins in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Exercise training alters expression of 237 and 172 proteins in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers, respectively. Interestingly, expression levels of secreted proteins and proteins involved in transcription, mitochondrial metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, and fat and glucose metabolism adapts to training in a fiber type-specific manner. Our data provide a resource to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying muscle function and health, and our workflow allows fiber type-specific proteomic analyses of snap-frozen non-embedded human muscle biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Deshmukh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - D E Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J K Larsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Santos
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C C Schéele
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Murgia
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - B Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu X, Zhou X, Ding X, Chu M, Liang C, Pei J, Xiong L, Bao P, Guo X, Yan P. Reference gene selection and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression in muscle tissues of domestic yak (Bos grunniens). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228493. [PMID: 32027673 PMCID: PMC7004298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is the most crucial livestock in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, providing meat and other necessities for local people. The skeletal muscle of adult livestock is composed of muscle fibers, and fiber composition in muscle has influence on meat qualities, such as tenderness, pH, and color. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool to evaluate the gene expression of muscle fiber, but the normalization of the data depends on the stability of expressed reference genes. Unfortunately, there is no consensus for an ideal reference gene for data normalization in muscle tissues of yak. In this study, we aimed to assess the stability of 14 commonly used candidate reference genes by using five algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delat Ct and Refinder). Our results suggested UXT and PRL13A were the most stable reference genes, while the most commonly used reference gene, GAPDH, was most variably expressed across different muscle tissues. We also found that the extensor digitorum lateralis (EDL), trapezius pars thoracica (TPT), and psoas major (PM) muscle had the higher content of type I muscle fibers and the lowest content of type IIB muscle fibers, while gluteobiceps (GB) muscle had the highest content of type IIB muscle fibers. Our study provides the suitable reference genes for accurate analysis of yak muscle fiber composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuelan Zhou
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PY); (XG)
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Lab of Yak Breeding Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PY); (XG)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Segalés J, Perdiguero E, Serrano AL, Sousa-Victor P, Ortet L, Jardí M, Budanov AV, Garcia-Prat L, Sandri M, Thomson DM, Karin M, Hee Lee J, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Sestrin prevents atrophy of disused and aging muscles by integrating anabolic and catabolic signals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 31929511 PMCID: PMC6955241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique property of skeletal muscle is its ability to adapt its mass to changes in activity. Inactivity, as in disuse or aging, causes atrophy, the loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to physical incapacity and poor quality of life. Here, through a combination of transcriptomics and transgenesis, we identify sestrins, a family of stress-inducible metabolic regulators, as protective factors against muscle wasting. Sestrin expression decreases during inactivity and its genetic deficiency exacerbates muscle wasting; conversely, sestrin overexpression suffices to prevent atrophy. This protection occurs through mTORC1 inhibition, which upregulates autophagy, and AKT activation, which in turn inhibits FoxO-regulated ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis. This study reveals sestrin as a central integrator of anabolic and degradative pathways preventing muscle wasting. Since sestrin also protected muscles against aging-induced atrophy, our findings have implications for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Segalés
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ortet
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Jardí
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Garcia-Prat
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - David M Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain.
- ICREA, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rimer M. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 regulate neuromuscular junction and myofiber phenotypes in mammalian skeletal muscle. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134671. [PMID: 31805372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron of the spinal cord and a skeletal muscle fiber in the periphery. Reciprocal interactions between these excitable cells, and between them and others cell types present within the muscle tissue, shape the development, homeostasis and plasticity of skeletal muscle. An important aim in the field is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular interactions, which include identifying the nature of the signals and receptors involved but also of the downstream intracellular signaling cascades elicited by them. This review focuses on work that shows that skeletal muscle fiber-derived extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), ubiquitous and prototypical intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases, have modulatory roles in the maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse and in the acquisition and preservation of fiber type identity in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mendell Rimer
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center and Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Bryan, TX 77807 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang T, Xu Y, Yuan Y, Xu P, Zhang C, Li F, Wang L, Yin C, Zhang L, Cai X, Zhu C, Xu J, Liang B, Schaul S, Xie P, Yue D, Liao Z, Yu L, Luo L, Zhou G, Yang J, He Z, Du M, Zhou Y, Deng B, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Shu G, Jiang Q. Succinate induces skeletal muscle fiber remodeling via SUNCR1 signaling. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47892. [PMID: 31318145 PMCID: PMC6727026 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of skeletal muscle fiber from fast twitch to slow-twitch is important for sustained and tonic contractile events, maintenance of energy homeostasis, and the alleviation of fatigue. Skeletal muscle remodeling is effectively induced by endurance or aerobic exercise, which also generates several tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, including succinate. However, whether succinate regulates muscle fiber-type transitions remains unclear. Here, we found that dietary succinate supplementation increased endurance exercise ability, myosin heavy chain I expression, aerobic enzyme activity, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle. By contrast, succinate decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate production, and myosin heavy chain IIb expression. Further, by using pharmacological or genetic loss-of-function models generated by phospholipase Cβ antagonists, SUNCR1 global knockout, or SUNCR1 gastrocnemius-specific knockdown, we found that the effects of succinate on skeletal muscle fiber-type remodeling are mediated by SUNCR1 and its downstream calcium/NFAT signaling pathway. In summary, our results demonstrate succinate induces transition of skeletal muscle fiber via SUNCR1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest the potential beneficial use of succinate-based compounds in both athletic and sedentary populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ya‐Qiong Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ye‐Xian Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ping‐Wen Xu
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Cha Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐Na Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Cong Yin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xing‐Cai Cai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Can‐Jun Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing‐Ren Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bing‐Qing Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Pei‐Pei Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Dong Yue
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zheng‐Rui Liao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lu‐Lu Yu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lv Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Gan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jin‐Ping Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhi‐Hui He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Man Du
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yu‐Ping Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bai‐Chuan Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Song‐Bo Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiao‐Tong Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qian‐Yun Xi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yong‐Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qing‐Yan Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional RegulationCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Honda M, Tsuchimochi H, Hitachi K, Ohno S. Transcriptional cofactor Vgll2 is required for functional adaptations of skeletal muscle induced by chronic overload. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15809-15824. [PMID: 30724341 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of heterogeneous populations of myofibers classified as slow- and fast-twitch fibers. Myofiber size and composition are drastically changed in response to physiological demands. We previously showed that transcriptional cofactor vestigial-like (Vgll) 2 is a pivotal regulator of slow muscle gene programming under sedentary conditions. However, whether Vgll2 is required for skeletal muscle adaptations after chronic overload is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of Vgll2 in chronic overload-inducing skeletal muscle adaptations using synergist ablation (SA) on plantaris. We found that Vgll2 is an essential regulator of the switch towards a slow-contractile phenotype and oxidative metabolism during chronic overload. Mice lacking Vgll2 exhibited limited fiber type transition and downregulation of genes related to lactate metabolism and their regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α1, after SA, was augmented in Vgll2-deficient mice compared with in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, increased muscle usage elevated Vgll2 levels and promoted the interaction between Vgll2 and its transcription partners such as TEA domain1 (TEAD1), MEF2c, and NFATc1. Calcium ionophore treatment promoted nuclear translocation of Vgll2 and increased TEAD-dependent MYH7 promotor activity in a Vgll2-dependent manner. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Vgll2 plays an important role for functional adaptation of skeletal muscle to chronic overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Honda
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fajardo VA, Chambers PJ, Juracic ES, Rietze BA, Gamu D, Bellissimo C, Kwon F, Quadrilatero J, Russell Tupling A. Sarcolipin deletion in mdx mice impairs calcineurin signalling and worsens dystrophic pathology. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:4094-4102. [PMID: 30137316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe form of muscular dystrophy affecting 1 in 3500 live male births. Although there is no cure for DMD, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing calcineurin signalling and promoting the slow fibre phenotype have shown promise in mdx mice, which is the classical mouse model for DMD. Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small protein that regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump and its expression is highly upregulated in dystrophic skeletal muscle. We have recently shown that SLN in skeletal muscle amplifies calcineurin signalling thereby increasing myofibre size and the slow fibre phenotype. Therefore, in the present study we sought to determine the physiological impact of genetic Sln deletion in mdx mice, particularly on calcineurin signalling, fibre-type distribution and size and dystrophic pathology. We generated an mdx/Sln-null (mdx/SlnKO) mouse colony and hypothesized that the soleus and diaphragm muscles from these mice would display blunted calcineurin signalling, smaller myofibre sizes, an increased proportion of fast fibres and worsened dystrophic pathology compared with mdx mice. Our results show that calcineurin signalling was impaired in mdx/SlnKO mice as indicated by reductions in utrophin, stabilin-2 and calcineurin expression. In addition, mdx/SlnKO muscles contained smaller myofibres, exhibited a slow-to-fast fibre-type switch that corresponded with reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins and displayed a worsened dystrophic pathology compared with mdx muscles. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a critical role for SLN upregulation in dystrophic muscles and suggest that SLN can be viewed as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Emma S Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Bradley A Rietze
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Daniel Gamu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | | | - Frenk Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Meng J, Wang X, Zeng Y, Li L, Xin Y, Yao X, Liu W. Analysis of Equine ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms in Yili Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Schiaffino S. Muscle fiber type diversity revealed by anti-myosin heavy chain antibodies. FEBS J 2018; 285:3688-3694. [PMID: 29761627 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Different forms of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs), coded by a large family of sarcomeric MYH genes, are expressed in striated muscles. The generation of specific anti-MyHC antibodies has provided a powerful tool to define the fiber types present in skeletal muscles, their functional properties, their response to conditions that affect muscle plasticity and their changes in muscle disorders. Cardiomyocyte heterogeneity has been revealed by the serendipitous observation that different MyHCs are present in atrial and ventricular myocardium and in heart conduction tissue. Developmental MyHCs present in embryonic and fetal/neonatal skeletal muscle are re-expressed during muscle regeneration and can be used to identify regenerating fibers in muscle diseases. MyHC isoforms provide cell type-specific markers to identify the signaling pathways that control muscle cell identity and are an essential reference to interpret the results of single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mosole S, Zampieri S, Furlan S, Carraro U, Löefler S, Kern H, Volpe P, Nori A. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle of Old Sedentary People. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418768998. [PMID: 29662923 PMCID: PMC5896842 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418768998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in preventing muscle atrophy and chronic diseases in adults and in the elderly. Calcium (Ca2+) cycling and activation of specific molecular pathways are essential in contraction-induced muscle adaptation. This study attains human muscle sections and total homogenates prepared from biopsies obtained before (control) and after 9 weeks of training by electrical stimulation (ES) on a group of volunteers. The aim of the study was to investigate about the molecular mechanisms that support functional muscle improvement by ES. Evidences of kinase/phosphatase pathways activation after ES were obtained. Moreover, expression of Sarcalumenin, Calsequestrin and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Serca) isoforms was regulated by training. In conclusion, this work shows that neuromuscular ES applied to vastus lateralis muscle of sedentary seniors combines fiber remodeling with activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin molecular pathways and modulation of key Ca2+-handling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mosole
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Furlan
- Institute of Neuroscience Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Carraro
- IRRCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefan Löefler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Pölten, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zampieri S, Mammucari C, Romanello V, Barberi L, Pietrangelo L, Fusella A, Mosole S, Gherardi G, Höfer C, Löfler S, Sarabon N, Cvecka J, Krenn M, Carraro U, Kern H, Protasi F, Musarò A, Sandri M, Rizzuto R. Physical exercise in aging human skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial calcium uniporter expression levels and affects mitochondria dynamics. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13005. [PMID: 28039397 PMCID: PMC5210373 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age‐related sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass with decline in specific force, having dramatic consequences on mobility and quality of life in seniors. The etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial and underlying mechanisms are currently not fully elucidated. Physical exercise is known to have beneficial effects on muscle trophism and force production. Alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) have been recently shown to affect muscle trophism in vivo in mice. To understand the relevance of MCU‐dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in aging and to investigate the effect of physical exercise on MCU expression and mitochondria dynamics, we analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies from 70‐year‐old subjects 9 weeks trained with either neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) or leg press. Here, we demonstrate that improved muscle function and structure induced by both trainings are linked to increased protein levels of MCU. Ultrastructural analyses by electron microscopy showed remodeling of mitochondrial apparatus in ES‐trained muscles that is consistent with an adaptation to physical exercise, a response likely mediated by an increased expression of mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1. Altogether these results indicate that the ES‐dependent physiological effects on skeletal muscle size and force are associated with changes in mitochondrial‐related proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial shape. These original findings in aging human skeletal muscle confirm the data obtained in mice and propose MCU and mitochondria‐related proteins as potential pharmacological targets to counteract age‐related muscle loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zampieri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria .,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Barberi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine & DNICS University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aurora Fusella
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine & DNICS University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Mosole
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Höfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nejc Sarabon
- Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jan Cvecka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matthias Krenn
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ugo Carraro
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venezia, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, CeSI-Met - Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine & DNICS University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science at Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fajardo VA, Rietze BA, Chambers PJ, Bellissimo C, Bombardier E, Quadrilatero J, Tupling AR. Effects of sarcolipin deletion on skeletal muscle adaptive responses to functional overload and unload. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C154-C161. [PMID: 28592414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of sarcolipin (SLN), a regulator of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), stimulates calcineurin signaling to enhance skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Some studies have shown that calcineurin may also control skeletal muscle mass and remodeling in response to functional overload and unload stimuli by increasing myofiber size and the proportion of slow fibers. To examine whether SLN might mediate these adaptive responses, we performed soleus and gastrocnemius tenotomy in wild-type (WT) and Sln-null (Sln-/-) mice and examined the overloaded plantaris and unloaded/tenotomized soleus muscles. In the WT overloaded plantaris, we observed ectopic expression of SLN, myofiber hypertrophy, increased fiber number, and a fast-to-slow fiber type shift, which were associated with increased calcineurin signaling (NFAT dephosphorylation and increased stabilin-2 protein content) and reduced SERCA activity. In the WT tenotomized soleus, we observed a 14-fold increase in SLN protein, myofiber atrophy, decreased fiber number, and a slow-to-fast fiber type shift, which were also associated with increased calcineurin signaling and reduced SERCA activity. Genetic deletion of Sln altered these physiological outcomes, with the overloaded plantaris myofibers failing to grow in size and number, and transition towards the slow fiber type, while the unloaded soleus muscles exhibited greater reductions in fiber size and number, and an accelerated slow-to-fast fiber type shift. In both the Sln-/- overloaded and unloaded muscles, these findings were associated with elevated SERCA activity and blunted calcineurin signaling. Thus, SLN plays an important role in adaptive muscle remodeling potentially through calcineurin stimulation, which could have important implications for other muscle diseases and conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley A Rietze
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fajardo VA, Gamu D, Mitchell A, Bloemberg D, Bombardier E, Chambers PJ, Bellissimo C, Quadrilatero J, Tupling AR. Sarcolipin deletion exacerbates soleus muscle atrophy and weakness in phospholamban overexpressing mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173708. [PMID: 28278204 PMCID: PMC5344511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) and phospholamban (PLN) are two small proteins that regulate the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pumps. In a recent study, we discovered that Pln overexpression (PlnOE) in slow-twitch type I skeletal muscle fibers drastically impaired SERCA function and caused a centronuclear myopathy-like phenotype, severe muscle atrophy and weakness, and an 8 to 9-fold upregulation of SLN protein in the soleus muscles. Here, we sought to determine the physiological role of SLN upregulation, and based on its role as a SERCA inhibitor, we hypothesized that it would represent a maladaptive response that contributes to the SERCA dysfunction and the overall myopathy observed in the PlnOE mice. To this end, we crossed Sln-null (SlnKO) mice with PlnOE mice to generate a PlnOE/SlnKO mouse colony and assessed SERCA function, CNM pathology, in vitro contractility, muscle mass, calcineurin signaling, daily activity and food intake, and proteolytic enzyme activity. Our results indicate that genetic deletion of Sln did not improve SERCA function nor rescue the CNM phenotype, but did result in exacerbated muscle atrophy and weakness, due to a failure to induce type II fiber compensatory hypertrophy and a reduction in total myofiber count. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that impaired calcineurin activation and resultant decreased expression of stabilin-2, and/or impaired autophagic signaling could be involved. Future studies should examine these possibilities. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the importance of SLN upregulation in combating muscle myopathy in the PlnOE mice, and since SLN is upregulated across several myopathies, our findings may reveal SLN as a novel and universal therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Daniel Gamu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Darin Bloemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Eric Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Paige J. Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Catherine Bellissimo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28127382 PMCID: PMC5259894 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is primarily composed of polar phospho- and sphingolipids, which have established biological effects on neuroplasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MFGM supplementation on the neuromuscular system during post-natal development. Methods Growing rats received dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures consisting of complex milk lipids (CML), beta serum concentrate (BSC) or a complex milk lipid concentrate (CMLc) (which lacks MFGM proteins) from post-natal day 10 to day 70. Results Supplementation with MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids (BSC and CMLc, but not CML) increased the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration, with no effect on plasma phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) or sphingomyelin (SM). In contrast, muscle PC was reduced in rats receiving supplementation with both BSC and CMLc, whereas muscle PI, PE, PS and SM remained unchanged. Rats receiving BSC and CMLc (but not CML) displayed a slow-to-fast muscle fibre type profile shift (MyHCI → MyHCIIa) that was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in myogenic differentiation (myogenic regulatory factors) and relatively fast fibre type specialisation (Myh2 and Nfatc4). Expression of neuromuscular development genes, including nerve cell markers, components of the synaptogenic agrin–LRP4 pathway and acetylcholine receptor subunits, was also increased in muscle of rats supplemented with BSC and CMLc (but not CML). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids can promote neuromuscular development during post-natal growth in rats, leading to shifts in adult muscle phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
27
|
Koulmann N, Richard‐Bulteau H, Crassous B, Serrurier B, Pasdeloup M, Bigard X, Banzet S. Physical exercise during muscle regeneration improves recovery of the slow/oxidative phenotype. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:91-100. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Koulmann
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
- Ecole du Val‐de‐GrâceParis France
| | - Hélène Richard‐Bulteau
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
| | - Brigitte Crassous
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
| | - Bernard Serrurier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
| | - Marielle Pasdeloup
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
| | - Xavier Bigard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements OpérationnelsBretigny‐Sur‐Orge France
- Ecole du Val‐de‐GrâceParis France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Ecole du Val‐de‐GrâceParis France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Soutien Médico‐Chirurgical des Forces1 rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany92140Clamart France
- INSERM U1197Clamart France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Güth R, Chaidez A, Samanta MP, Unguez GA. Properties of skeletal muscle in the teleost Sternopygus macrurus are unaffected by short-term electrical inactivity. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:699-710. [PMID: 27449658 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is distinguished from other tissues on the basis of its shape, biochemistry, and physiological function. Based on mammalian studies, fiber size, fiber types, and gene expression profiles are regulated, in part, by the electrical activity exerted by the nervous system. To address whether similar adaptations to changes in electrical activity in skeletal muscle occur in teleosts, we studied these phenotypic properties of ventral muscle in the electric fish Sternopygus macrurus following 2 and 5 days of electrical inactivation by spinal transection. Our data show that morphological and biochemical properties of skeletal muscle remained largely unchanged after these treatments. Specifically, the distribution of type I and type II muscle fibers and the cross-sectional areas of these fiber types observed in control fish remained unaltered after each spinal transection survival period. This response to electrical inactivation was generally reflected at the transcript level in real-time PCR and RNA-seq data by showing little effect on the transcript levels of genes associated with muscle fiber type differentiation and plasticity, the sarcomere complex, and pathways implicated in the regulation of muscle fiber size. Data from this first study characterizing the acute influence of neural activity on muscle mass and sarcomere gene expression in a teleost are discussed in the context of comparative studies in mammalian model systems and vertebrate species from different lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Güth
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; and
| | - Alexander Chaidez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; and
| | | | - Graciela A Unguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sebastián D, Sorianello E, Segalés J, Irazoki A, Ruiz-Bonilla V, Sala D, Planet E, Berenguer-Llergo A, Muñoz JP, Sánchez-Feutrie M, Plana N, Hernández-Álvarez MI, Serrano AL, Palacín M, Zorzano A. Mfn2 deficiency links age-related sarcopenia and impaired autophagy to activation of an adaptive mitophagy pathway. EMBO J 2016; 35:1677-93. [PMID: 27334614 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged mitochondria are considered major contributors to aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these mitochondrial alterations remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays a key role in the control of muscle mitochondrial damage. We show that aging is characterized by a progressive reduction in Mfn2 in mouse skeletal muscle and that skeletal muscle Mfn2 ablation in mice generates a gene signature linked to aging. Furthermore, analysis of muscle Mfn2-deficient mice revealed that aging-induced Mfn2 decrease underlies the age-related alterations in metabolic homeostasis and sarcopenia. Mfn2 deficiency reduced autophagy and impaired mitochondrial quality, which contributed to an exacerbated age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, aging-induced Mfn2 deficiency triggers a ROS-dependent adaptive signaling pathway through induction of HIF1α transcription factor and BNIP3. This pathway compensates for the loss of mitochondrial autophagy and minimizes mitochondrial damage. Our findings reveal that Mfn2 repression in muscle during aging is a determinant for the inhibition of mitophagy and accumulation of damaged mitochondria and triggers the induction of a mitochondrial quality control pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ruiz-Bonilla
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Berenguer-Llergo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Feutrie
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Plana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Palmer EE, Jarrett KE, Sachdev RK, Al Zahrani F, Hashem MO, Ibrahim N, Sampaio H, Kandula T, Macintosh R, Gupta R, Conlon DM, Billheimer JT, Rader DJ, Funato K, Walkey CJ, Lee CS, Loo C, Brammah S, Elakis G, Zhu Y, Buckley M, Kirk EP, Bye A, Alkuraya FS, Roscioli T, Lagor WR. Neuronal deficiency of ARV1 causes an autosomal recessive epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3042-3054. [PMID: 27270415 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an individual who presented with severe neurodevelopmental delay and an intractable infantile-onset seizure disorder. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous single nucleotide change that abolishes a splice donor site in the ARV1 gene (c.294 + 1G > A homozygous). This variant completely prevented splicing in minigene assays, and resulted in exon skipping and an in-frame deletion of 40 amino acids in primary human fibroblasts (NP_073623.1: p.(Lys59_Asn98del). The p.(Lys59_Asn98del) and previously reported p.(Gly189Arg) ARV1 variants were evaluated for protein expression and function. The p.(Gly189Arg) variant partially rescued the temperature-dependent growth defect in arv1Δ yeast, while p.(Lys59-Asn98del) completely failed to rescue at restrictive temperature. In contrast to wild type human ARV1, neither variant expressed detectable levels of protein in mammalian cells. Mice with a neuronal deletion of Arv1 recapitulated the human phenotype, exhibiting seizures and a severe survival defect in adulthood. Our data support ARV1 deficiency as a cause of autosomal recessive epileptic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Palmer
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Kelsey E Jarrett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rani K Sachdev
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Fatema Al Zahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Omar Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hugo Sampaio
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Tejaswi Kandula
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Donna M Conlon
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Billheimer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kouichi Funato
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyam, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Christine Loo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,SEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | | | - Ying Zhu
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,SEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | - Edwin P Kirk
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.,SEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Ann Bye
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Randwick Campus, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute, 370 Victoria St Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Men XM, Deng B, Tao X, Qi KK, Xu ZW. Association Analysis of Myosin Heavy-chain Genes mRNA Transcription with the Corresponding Proteins Expression of Longissimus Muscle in Growing Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:457-63. [PMID: 26949945 PMCID: PMC4782079 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate the correlations between MyHC mRNA transcription and their corresponding protein expressions in porcine longissimus muscle (LM) during postnatal growth of pigs. Five DLY (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) crossbred pigs were selected, slaughtered and sampled at postnatal 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days, respectively. Each muscle was subjected to quantity MyHCs protein contents through an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to quantity myosin heavy-chains (MyHCs) mRNA abundances using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We calculated the proportion (%) of each MyHC to total of four MyHC for two levels, respectively. Moreover, the activities of several key energy metabolism enzymes were determined in LM. The result showed that mRNA transcription and protein expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx and IIb in LM all presented some obvious changes with postnatal aging of pigs, especially at the early stage after birth, and their mRNA transcriptions were easy to be influenced than their protein expressions. The relative proportion of each MyHC mRNA was significantly positively related to that of its corresponding protein (p<0.01), and MyHC I mRNA proportion was positively correlated with creatine kinase (CK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities (p<0.05). These data suggested that MyHC mRNA transcription can be used to reflect MyHC expression, metabolism property and adaptive plasticity of porcine skeletal muscles, and MyHC mRNA composition could be a molecular index reflecting muscle fiber type characteristics.
Collapse
|
32
|
Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Tagliazucchi GM, Pallafacchina G, Tothova J, Argentini C, Agatea L, Abraham R, Ahdesmäki M, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Schiaffino S, Blaauw B. The calcineurin-NFAT pathway controls activity-dependent circadian gene expression in slow skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2015; 4:823-33. [PMID: 26629406 PMCID: PMC4632177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical activity and circadian rhythms are well-established determinants of human health and disease, but the relationship between muscle activity and the circadian regulation of muscle genes is a relatively new area of research. It is unknown whether muscle activity and muscle clock rhythms are coupled together, nor whether activity rhythms can drive circadian gene expression in skeletal muscle. Methods We compared the circadian transcriptomes of two mouse hindlimb muscles with vastly different circadian activity patterns, the continuously active slow soleus and the sporadically active fast tibialis anterior, in the presence or absence of a functional skeletal muscle clock (skeletal muscle-specific Bmal1 KO). In addition, we compared the effect of denervation on muscle circadian gene expression. Results We found that different skeletal muscles exhibit major differences in their circadian transcriptomes, yet core clock gene oscillations were essentially identical in fast and slow muscles. Furthermore, denervation caused relatively minor changes in circadian expression of most core clock genes, yet major differences in expression level, phase and amplitude of many muscle circadian genes. Conclusions We report that activity controls the oscillation of around 15% of skeletal muscle circadian genes independently of the core muscle clock, and we have identified the Ca2+-dependent calcineurin-NFAT pathway as an important mediator of activity-dependent circadian gene expression, showing that circadian locomotor activity rhythms drive circadian rhythms of NFAT nuclear translocation and target gene expression. Activity is a major extrinsic factor driving ∼15% of muscle circadian genes. Calcineurin-NFAT drives activity-dependent circadian gene expression in muscle. The majority of skeletal muscle circadian genes are muscle type-specific. A common set of skeletal muscle circadian genes are clock-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Dyar
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | | | - Guidantonio Malagoli Tagliazucchi
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy ; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy ; Institute of Neurosciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Jana Tothova
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Argentini
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Agatea
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Reimar Abraham
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Miika Ahdesmäki
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy ; Institute of Neurosciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Eilers W, Jaspers RT, de Haan A, Ferrié C, Valdivieso P, Flück M. CaMKII content affects contractile, but not mitochondrial, characteristics in regenerating skeletal muscle. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 14:7. [PMID: 25515219 PMCID: PMC4277655 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-014-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The multi-meric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the main CaMK in skeletal muscle and its expression increases with endurance training. CaMK family members are implicated in contraction-induced regulation of calcium handling, fast myosin type IIA expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of an increased CaMKII content for the expression of the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype in vivo. Towards this end we attempted to co-express alpha- and beta-CaMKII isoforms in skeletal muscle and characterised the effect on the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype. Results Fast-twitch muscle m. gastrocnemius (GM) and slow-twitch muscle m. soleus (SOL) of the right leg of 3-month old rats were transfected via electro-transfer of injected expression plasmids for native α/β CaMKII. Effects were identified from the comparison to control-transfected muscles of the contralateral leg and non-transfected muscles. α/β CaMKII content in muscle fibres was 4-5-fold increased 7 days after transfection. The transfection rate was more pronounced in SOL than GM muscle (i.e. 12.6 vs. 3.5%). The overexpressed α/β CaMKII was functional as shown through increased threonine 287 phosphorylation of β-CaMKII after isometric exercise and down-regulated transcripts COXI, COXIV, SDHB after high-intensity exercise in situ. α/β CaMKII overexpression under normal cage activity accelerated excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation in SOL muscle in association with increased SERCA2, ANXV and fast myosin type IIA/X content but did not affect mitochondrial protein content. These effects were observed on a background of regenerating muscle fibres. Conclusion Elevated CaMKII content promotes a slow-to-fast type fibre shift in regenerating muscle but is not sufficient to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the absence of an endurance stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Eilers
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnold de Haan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Céline Ferrié
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Flück
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Mechanisms modulating skeletal muscle phenotype. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1645-87. [PMID: 24265241 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a variety of highly specialized fibers whose selective recruitment allows muscles to fulfill their diverse functional tasks. In addition, skeletal muscle fibers can change their structural and functional properties to perform new tasks or respond to new conditions. The adaptive changes of muscle fibers can occur in response to variations in the pattern of neural stimulation, loading conditions, availability of substrates, and hormonal signals. The new conditions can be detected by multiple sensors, from membrane receptors for hormones and cytokines, to metabolic sensors, which detect high-energy phosphate concentration, oxygen and oxygen free radicals, to calcium binding proteins, which sense variations in intracellular calcium induced by nerve activity, to load sensors located in the sarcomeric and sarcolemmal cytoskeleton. These sensors trigger cascades of signaling pathways which may ultimately lead to changes in fiber size and fiber type. Changes in fiber size reflect an imbalance in protein turnover with either protein accumulation, leading to muscle hypertrophy, or protein loss, with consequent muscle atrophy. Changes in fiber type reflect a reprogramming of gene transcription leading to a remodeling of fiber contractile properties (slow-fast transitions) or metabolic profile (glycolytic-oxidative transitions). While myonuclei are in postmitotic state, satellite cells represent a reserve of new nuclei and can be involved in the adaptive response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pessina P, Cabrera D, Morales MG, Riquelme CA, Gutiérrez J, Serrano AL, Brandan E, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Novel and optimized strategies for inducing fibrosis in vivo: focus on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:7. [PMID: 25157321 PMCID: PMC4142391 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis, an excessive collagen accumulation, results in scar formation, impairing function of vital organs and tissues. Fibrosis is a hallmark of muscular dystrophies, including the lethal Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which remains incurable. Substitution of muscle by fibrotic tissue also complicates gene/cell therapies for DMD. Yet, no optimal models to study muscle fibrosis are available. In the widely used mdx mouse model for DMD, extensive fibrosis develops in the diaphragm only at advanced adulthood, and at about two years of age in the ‘easy-to-access’ limb muscles, thus precluding fibrosis research and the testing of novel therapies. Methods We developed distinct experimental strategies, ranging from chronic exercise to increasing muscle damage on limb muscles of young mdx mice, by myotoxin injection, surgically induced trauma (laceration or denervation) or intramuscular delivery of profibrotic growth factors (such as TGFβ). We also extended these approaches to muscle of normal non-dystrophic mice. Results These strategies resulted in advanced and enhanced muscle fibrosis in young mdx mice, which persisted over time, and correlated with reduced muscle force, thus mimicking the severe DMD phenotype. Furthermore, increased fibrosis was also obtained by combining these procedures in muscles of normal mice, mirroring aberrant repair after severe trauma. Conclusions We have developed new and improved experimental strategies to accelerate and enhance muscle fibrosis in vivo. These strategies will allow rapidly assessing fibrosis in the easily accessible limb muscles of young mdx mice, without necessarily having to use old animals. The extension of these fibrogenic regimes to the muscle of non-dystrophic wild-type mice will allow fibrosis assessment in a wide array of pre-existing transgenic mouse lines, which in turn will facilitate understanding the mechanisms of fibrogenesis. These strategies should improve our ability to combat fibrosis-driven dystrophy progression and aberrant regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pessina
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Morales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia A Riquelme
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Genetic Dissection of the Physiological Role of Skeletal Muscle in Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/635146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary deficiency underlying metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, in which insulin-responsive peripheral tissues fail to maintain glucose homeostasis. Because skeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-induced glucose uptake, impairments in skeletal muscle’s insulin responsiveness play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. For example, skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes patients and their offspring exhibit reduced ratios of slow oxidative muscle. These observations suggest the possibility of applying muscle remodeling to recover insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. Skeletal muscle is highly adaptive to external stimulations such as exercise; however, in practice it is often not practical or possible to enforce the necessary intensity to obtain measurable benefits to the metabolic syndrome patient population. Therefore, identifying molecular targets for inducing muscle remodeling would provide new approaches to treat metabolic syndrome. In this review, the physiological properties of skeletal muscle, genetic analysis of metabolic syndrome in human populations and model organisms, and genetically engineered mouse models will be discussed in regard to the prospect of applying skeletal muscle remodeling as possible therapy for metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ostrovidov S, Shi X, Zhang L, Liang X, Kim SB, Fujie T, Ramalingam M, Chen M, Nakajima K, Al-Hazmi F, Bae H, Memic A, Khademhosseini A. Myotube formation on gelatin nanofibers – Multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6268-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
38
|
Ferraro E, Giammarioli AM, Chiandotto S, Spoletini I, Rosano G. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle remodeling and metabolic adaptation: redox signaling and role of autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:154-76. [PMID: 24450966 PMCID: PMC4048572 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. Exercise evokes signaling pathways that strongly modify myofiber metabolism and physiological and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Regular physical activity is beneficial for health and is highly recommended for the prevention of several chronic conditions. In this review, we have focused our attention on the pathways that are known to mediate physical training-induced plasticity. RECENT ADVANCES An important role for redox signaling has recently been proposed in exercise-mediated muscle remodeling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) activation. Still more currently, autophagy has also been found to be involved in metabolic adaptation to exercise. CRITICAL ISSUES Both redox signaling and autophagy are processes with ambivalent effects; they can be detrimental and beneficial, depending on their delicate balance. As such, understanding their role in the chain of events induced by exercise and leading to skeletal muscle remodeling is a very complicated matter. Moreover, the study of the signaling induced by exercise is made even more difficult by the fact that exercise can be performed with several different modalities, with this having different repercussions on adaptation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Unraveling the complexity of the molecular signaling triggered by exercise on skeletal muscle is crucial in order to define the therapeutic potentiality of physical training and to identify new pharmacological compounds that are able to reproduce some beneficial effects of exercise. In evaluating the effect of new "exercise mimetics," it will also be necessary to take into account the involvement of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and autophagy and their controversial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferraro
- 1 Pathophysiology and Treatment of Muscle Wasting Disorders Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vitadello M, Gherardini J, Gorza L. The stress protein/chaperone Grp94 counteracts muscle disuse atrophy by stabilizing subsarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2479-96. [PMID: 24093939 PMCID: PMC4025603 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Redox and growth-factor imbalance fosters muscle disuse atrophy. Since the endoplasmic-reticulum chaperone Grp94 is required for folding insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and for antioxidant cytoprotection, we investigated its involvement in muscle mass loss due to inactivity. RESULTS Rat soleus muscles were transfected in vivo and analyzed after 7 days of hindlimb unloading, an experimental model of muscle disuse atrophy, or standard caging. Increased muscle protein carbonylation and decreased Grp94 protein levels (p<0.05) characterized atrophic unloaded solei. Recombinant Grp94 expression significantly reduced atrophy of transfected myofibers, compared with untransfected and empty-vector transfected ones (p<0.01), and decreased the percentage of carbonylated myofibers (p=0.001). Conversely, expression of two different N-terminal deleted Grp94 species did not attenuate myofiber atrophy. No change in myofiber trophism was detected in transfected ambulatory solei. The absence of effects on atrophic untransfected myofibers excluded a major role for IGFs folded by recombinant Grp94. Immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assays to investigate chaperone interaction with muscle atrophy regulators identified 160 kDa neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) as a new Grp94 partner. Unloading was demonstrated to untether nNOS from myofiber subsarcolemma; here, we show that such nNOS localization, revealed by means of NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, appeared preserved in unloaded myofibers expressing recombinant Grp94, compared to those transfected with the empty vector or deleted Grp94 cDNA (p<0.02). INNOVATION Grp94 interacts with nNOS and prevents its untethering from sarcolemma in unloaded myofibers. CONCLUSION Maintenance of Grp94 expression is sufficient to counter unloading atrophy and oxidative stress by mechanistically stabilizing nNOS-multiprotein complex at the myofiber sarcolemma.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wan L, Ma J, Xu G, Wang D, Wang N. Molecular cloning, structural analysis and tissue expression of protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene in Tianfu goat muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2346-58. [PMID: 24514563 PMCID: PMC3958854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene, also called calcineurin Aα, was cloned and its expression characterized in Tianfu goat muscle. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that Tianfu goat PPP3CA was detected in cardiac muscle, biceps femoris muscle, abdominal muscle, longissimus dors muscle, and soleus muscle. High expression levels were found in biceps femoris muscle, longissimus muscle and abdominal muscle (p < 0.01), and low expression levels were seen in cardiac muscle and soleus muscle (p > 0.05). In addition, the spatial-temporal mRNA expression levels showed different variation trends in different muscles with the age of the goats. Western blotting further revealed that PPP3CA protein was expressed in the above-mentioned tissues, with the highest level in biceps femoris muscle, and the lowest level in soleus muscle. In this study, we isolated the full-length coding sequence of Tianfu goat PPP3CA gene, analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression in different muscle tissues from different age stages. These results provide a foundation for understanding the function of the PPP3CA gene in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jisi Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gangyi Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Daihua Wang
- Mianyang Agriculture Bureau, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nianlu Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Organ transplantation is one of the medical miracles or the 20th century. It has the capacity to substantially improve exercise performance and quality of life in patients who are severely limited with chronic organ failure. We focus on the most commonly performed solid-organ transplants and describe peak exercise performance following recovery from transplantation. Across all of the common transplants, evaluated significant reduction in VO2peak is seen (typically renal and liver 65%-80% with heart and/or lung 50%-60% of predicted). Those with the lowest VO2peak pretransplant have the lowest VO2peak posttransplant. Overall very few patients have a VO2peak in the normal range. Investigation of the cause of the reduction of VO2peak has identified many factors pre- and posttransplant that may contribute. These include organ-specific factors in the otherwise well-functioning allograft (e.g., chronotropic incompetence in heart transplantation) as well as allograft dysfunction itself (e.g., chronic lung allograft dysfunction). However, looking across all transplants, a pattern emerges. A low muscle mass with qualitative change in large exercising skeletal muscle groups is seen pretransplant. Many factor posttransplant aggravate these changes or prevent them recovering, especially calcineurin antagonist drugs which are key immunosuppressing agents. This results in the reduction of VO2peak despite restoration of near normal function of the initially failing organ system. As such organ transplantation has provided an experiment of nature that has focused our attention on an important confounder of chronic organ failure-skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Williams
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Adams GR, Bamman MM. Characterization and regulation of mechanical loading-induced compensatory muscle hypertrophy. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:2829-70. [PMID: 23720267 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian systems, skeletal muscle exists in a dynamic state that monitors and regulates the physiological investment in muscle size to meet the current level of functional demand. This review attempts to consolidate current knowledge concerning development of the compensatory hypertrophy that occurs in response to a sustained increase in the mechanical loading of skeletal muscle. Topics covered include: defining and measuring compensatory hypertrophy, experimental models, loading stimulus parameters, acute responses to increased loading, hyperplasia, myofiber-type adaptations, the involvement of satellite cells, mRNA translational control, mechanotransduction, and endocrinology. The authors conclude with their impressions of current knowledge gaps in the field that are ripe for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fontes-Oliveira CC, Busquets S, Fuster G, Ametller E, Figueras M, Olivan M, Toledo M, López-Soriano FJ, Qu X, Demuth J, Stevens P, Varbanov A, Wang F, Isfort RJ, Argilés JM. A differential pattern of gene expression in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats reveals dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling together with additional muscle alterations. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:233-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibely Cristine Fontes-Oliveira
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Elisabet Ametller
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Maite Figueras
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Francisco J. López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Jeffrey Demuth
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Paula Stevens
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Alex Varbanov
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Robert J. Isfort
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zanou N, Gailly P. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regeneration: interplay between the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4117-30. [PMID: 23552962 PMCID: PMC11113627 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate in response to muscle damage. This ability is conferred by the presence of myogenic stem cells called satellite cells. In response to stimuli such as injury or exercise, these cells become activated and express myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), i.e., transcription factors of the myogenic lineage including Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and Mrf4 to proliferate and differentiate into myofibers. The MRF family of proteins controls the transcription of important muscle-specific proteins such as myosin heavy chain and muscle creatine kinase. Different growth factors are secreted during muscle repair among which insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are the only ones that promote both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and that play a key role in muscle regeneration and hypertrophy. Different isoforms of IGFs are expressed during muscle repair: IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb, or IGF-IEc (also known as mechano growth factor, MGF) and IGF-II. MGF is expressed first and is observed in satellite cells and in proliferating myoblasts whereas IGF-Ia and IGF-II expression occurs at the state of muscle fiber formation. Interestingly, several studies report the induction of MRFs in response to IGFs stimulation. Inversely, IGFs expression may also be regulated by MRFs. Various mechanisms are proposed to support these interactions. In this review, we describe the general process of muscle hypertrophy and regeneration and decipher the interactions between the two groups of factors involved in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Zanou
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 55 av. Hippocrate, B1.55.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium,
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Spletter ML, Schnorrer F. Transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing cooperate in muscle fiber-type specification in flies and mammals. Exp Cell Res 2013; 321:90-8. [PMID: 24145055 PMCID: PMC4040393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscles coordinate body movements throughout the animal kingdom. Each skeletal muscle is built of large, multi-nucleated cells, called myofibers, which are classified into several functionally distinct types. The typical fiber-type composition of each muscle arises during development, and in mammals is extensively adjusted in response to postnatal exercise. Understanding how functionally distinct muscle fiber-types arise is important for unraveling the molecular basis of diseases from cardiomyopathies to muscular dystrophies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in Drosophila and mammals in understanding how muscle fiber-type specification is controlled by the regulation of transcription and alternative splicing. We illustrate the cooperation of general myogenic transcription factors with muscle fiber-type specific transcriptional regulators as a basic principle for fiber-type specification, which is conserved from flies to mammals. We also examine how regulated alternative splicing of sarcomeric proteins in both flies and mammals can directly instruct the physiological and biophysical differences between fiber-types. Thus, research in Drosophila can provide important mechanistic insight into muscle fiber specification, which is relevant to homologous processes in mammals and to the pathology of muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Spletter
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Coletti D, Teodori L, Lin Z, Beranudin JF, Adamo S. Restoration versus reconstruction: cellular mechanisms of skin, nerve and muscle regeneration compared. Regen Med Res 2013; 1:4. [PMID: 25984323 PMCID: PMC4375925 DOI: 10.1186/2050-490x-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissues characterized by a high turnover or following acute injury, regeneration replaces damaged cells and is involved in adaptation to external cues, leading to homeostasis of many tissues during adult life. An understanding of the mechanics underlying tissue regeneration is highly relevant to regenerative medicine-based interventions. In order to investigate the existence a leitmotif of tissue regeneration, we compared the cellular aspects of regeneration of skin, nerve and skeletal muscle, three organs characterized by different types of anatomical and functional organization. Epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that migrates from the edge of the wound on the underlying dermis to rebuild lost tissue. Peripheral neurons are elongated cells whose neurites are organized in bundles, within an endoneurium of connective tissue; they either die upon injury or undergo remodeling and axon regrowth. Skeletal muscle is characterized by elongated syncytial cells, i.e. muscle fibers, that can temporarily survive in broken pieces; satellite cells residing along the fibers form new fibers, which ultimately fuse with the old ones as well as with each other to restore the previous organization. Satellite cell asymmetrical division grants a reservoir of undifferentiated cells, while other stem cell populations of muscle and non-muscle origin participate in muscle renewal. Following damage, all the tissues analyzed here go through three phases: inflammation, regeneration and maturation. Another common feature is the occurrence of cellular de-differentiation and/or differentiation events, including gene transcription, which are typical of embryonic development. Nonetheless, various strategies are used by different tissues to replace their lost parts. The epidermis regenerates ex novo, whereas neurons restore their missing parts; muscle fibers use a mixed strategy, based on the regrowth of missing parts through reconstruction by means of newborn fibers. The choice of either strategy is influenced by the anatomical, physical and chemical features of the cells as well as by the extracellular matrix typical of a given tissue, which points to the existence of differential, evolutionary-based mechanisms for specific tissue regeneration. The shared, ordered sequence of steps that characterize the regeneration processes examined suggests it may be possible to model this extremely important phenomenon to reproduce multicellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Coletti
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR4 Ageing, Stress, Inflammation, 75005 Paris, France ; Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Kragujevac, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- ENEA-Frascati, UTAPRAD-DIM, Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory, 00044 Rome, Italy
| | - Zhenlin Lin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR4 Ageing, Stress, Inflammation, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Sergio Adamo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Kragujevac, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
D'Arcy CE, Feeney SJ, McLean CA, Gehrig SM, Lynch GS, Smith JE, Cowling BS, Mitchell CA, McGrath MJ. Identification of FHL1 as a therapeutic target for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:618-36. [PMID: 24087791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Utrophin is a potential therapeutic target for the fatal muscle disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In adult skeletal muscle, utrophin is restricted to the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions and can compensate for dystrophin loss in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, but requires sarcolemmal localization. NFATc1-mediated transcription regulates utrophin expression and the LIM protein, FHL1 which promotes muscle hypertrophy, is a transcriptional activator of NFATc1. By generating mdx/FHL1-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that FHL1 potentiates NFATc1 activation of utrophin to ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. Transgenic FHL1 expression increased sarcolemmal membrane stability, reduced muscle degeneration, decreased inflammation and conferred protection from contraction-induced injury in mdx mice. Significantly, FHL1 expression also reduced progressive muscle degeneration and fibrosis in the diaphragm of aged mdx mice. FHL1 enhanced NFATc1 activation of the utrophin promoter and increased sarcolemmal expression of utrophin in muscles of mdx mice, directing the assembly of a substitute utrophin-glycoprotein complex, and revealing a novel FHL1-NFATc1-utrophin signaling axis that can functionally compensate for dystrophin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E D'Arcy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jorquera G, Altamirano F, Contreras-Ferrat A, Almarza G, Buvinic S, Jacquemond V, Jaimovich E, Casas M. Cav1.1 controls frequency-dependent events regulating adult skeletal muscle plasticity. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1189-98. [PMID: 23321639 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important pending question in neuromuscular biology is how skeletal muscle cells decipher the stimulation pattern coming from motoneurons to define their phenotype as slow or fast twitch muscle fibers. We have previously shown that voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (Cav1.1) acts as a voltage sensor for activation of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P₃]-dependent Ca(2+) signals that regulates gene expression. ATP released by muscle cells after electrical stimulation through pannexin-1 channels plays a key role in this process. We show now that stimulation frequency determines both ATP release and Ins(1,4,5)P₃ production in adult skeletal muscle and that Cav1.1 and pannexin-1 colocalize in the transverse tubules. Both ATP release and increased Ins(1,4,5)P₃ was seen in flexor digitorum brevis fibers stimulated with 270 pulses at 20 Hz, but not at 90 Hz. 20 Hz stimulation induced transcriptional changes related to fast-to-slow muscle fiber phenotype transition that required ATP release. Addition of 30 µM ATP to fibers induced the same transcriptional changes observed after 20 Hz stimulation. Myotubes lacking the Cav1.1-α1 subunit released almost no ATP after electrical stimulation, showing that Cav1.1 has a central role in this process. In adult muscle fibers, ATP release and the transcriptional changes produced by 20 Hz stimulation were blocked by both the Cav1.1 antagonist nifedipine (25 µM) and by the Cav1.1 agonist (-)S-BayK 8644 (10 µM). We propose a new role for Cav1.1, independent of its calcium channel activity, in the activation of signaling pathways allowing muscle fibers to decipher the frequency of electrical stimulation and to activate specific transcriptional programs that define their phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de Célula, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027-8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Intense resistance exercise induces early and transient increases in ryanodine receptor 1 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49326. [PMID: 23173055 PMCID: PMC3500289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) critically contributes to skeletal muscle contraction abilities by mediating Ca2+ion oscillation between sarcoplasmatic and myofibrillar compartments, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses contraction-induced energetic stress by phosphorylation at Thr172. Phosphorylation of RyR1 at serine2843 (pRyR1Ser2843) results in leaky RyR1 channels and impaired Ca2+homeostasis. Because acute resistance exercise exerts decreased contraction performance in skeletal muscle, preceded by high rates of Ca2+-oscillation and energetic stress, intense myofiber contractions may induce increased RyR1 and AMPK phosphorylation. However, no data are available regarding the time-course and magnitude of early RyR1 and AMPK phosphorylation in human myofibers in response to acute resistance exercise. Purpose Determine the effects and early time-course of resistance exercise on pRyR1Ser2843 and pAMPKThr172 in type I and II myofibers. Methods 7 male subjects (age 23±2 years, height: 185±7 cm, weight: 82±5 kg) performed 3 sets of 8 repetitions of maximum eccentric knee extensions. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, 15, 30 and 60 min post exercise. pRyR1Ser2843 and pAMPKThr172 levels were determined by western blot and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry techniques. Results While total RyR1 and total AMPK levels remained unchanged, RyR1 was significantly more abundant in type II than type I myofibers. pRyR1Ser2843 increased 15 min and peaked 30 min (p<0.01) post exercise in both myofiber types. Type I fibers showed relatively higher increases in pRyR1Ser2843 levels than type II myofibers and remained elevated up to 60 min post resistance exercise (p<0.05). pAMPKThr172 also increased 15 to 30 min post exercise (p<0.01) in type I and II myofibers and in whole skeletal muscle. Conclusion Resistance exercise induces acutely increased pRyR1Ser2843 and concomitantly pAMPKThr172 levels for up to 30 min in resistance exercised myofibers. This provides a time-course by which pRyR1Ser2843 can mechanistically impact Ca2+handling properties and consequently induce reduced myofiber contractility beyond immediate fatiguing mechanisms.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)-Calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase, is important for Ca(2+) mediated signal transduction. The main objective of this study was to examine the potential role of calcineurin in idiopathic mental handicap. Calcineurin levels were estimated in 20 children in the age group of 5-16 years with idiopathic mental handicap attending the Special. Education Centre for the Mentally Handicapped in Hyderabad. The results of the present study showed decreased activity of serum calcineurin in children with idiopathic mental handicap compared to those of normal subjects in the same age group. The observations thus suggest impaired calcineurin activity in children with mental handicap. Calcineurin that is involved in biosynthesis and release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal brain is affected thereby causing brain damage and leading to mental handicap. Impaired calcineurin activity was already indicated in many human diseases such as Down's syndrome, Alzheimers, Brain ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy etc. It is therefore necessary to check the calcineurin levels in children with mental handicap to understand the role of calcineurin in the causation of Mental handicap.
Collapse
|