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Ullsperger M. Beyond peaks and troughs: Multiplexed performance monitoring signals in the EEG. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14553. [PMID: 38415791 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With the discovery of event-related potentials elicited by errors more than 30 years ago, a new avenue of research on performance monitoring, cognitive control, and decision making emerged. Since then, the field has developed and expanded fulminantly. After a brief overview on the EEG correlates of performance monitoring, this article reviews recent advancements based on single-trial analyses using independent component analysis, multiple regression, and multivariate pattern classification. Given the close interconnection between performance monitoring and reinforcement learning, computational modeling and model-based EEG analyses have made a particularly strong impact. The reviewed findings demonstrate that error- and feedback-related EEG dynamics represent variables reflecting how performance-monitoring signals are weighted and transformed into an adaptation signal that guides future decisions and actions. The model-based single-trial analysis approach goes far beyond conventional peak-and-trough analyses of event-related potentials and enables testing mechanistic theories of performance monitoring, cognitive control, and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ullsperger
- Department of Neuropsychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Toba MN, Malkinson TS, Howells H, Mackie MA, Spagna A. Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:418-454. [PMID: 36967445 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention, working memory, and executive control are commonly considered distinct cognitive functions with important reciprocal interactions. Yet, longstanding evidence from lesion studies has demonstrated both overlap and dissociation in their behavioural expression and anatomical underpinnings, suggesting that a lower dimensional framework could be employed to further identify processes supporting goal-directed behaviour. Here, we describe the anatomical and functional correspondence between attention, working memory, and executive control by providing an overview of cognitive models, as well as recent data from lesion studies, invasive and non-invasive multimodal neuroimaging and brain stimulation. We emphasize the benefits of considering converging evidence from multiple methodologies centred on the identification of brain mechanisms supporting goal-driven behaviour. We propose that expanding on this approach should enable the construction of a comprehensive anatomo-functional framework with testable new hypotheses, and aid clinical neuroscience to intervene on impairments of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica N Toba
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), University Hospital of Amiens and University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
- CHU Amiens Picardie - Site Sud, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Avenue René Laënnec, 80054, Amiens Cedex 1, France.
| | - Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa-Ann Mackie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA.
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3
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Pierzchajlo S, Jernsäther T, Fontana L, Almeida R, Olofsson JK. Olfactory Categorization Is Shaped by a Transmodal Cortical Network for Evaluating Perceptual Predictions. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1232232024. [PMID: 38561229 PMCID: PMC11140662 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1232-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Creating and evaluating predictions are considered important features in sensory perception. Little is known about processing differences between the senses and their cortical substrates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that olfaction, the sense of smell, would be highly dependent on (nonolfactory) object-predictive cues and involve distinct cortical processing features. We developed a novel paradigm to compare prediction error processing across senses. Participants listened to spoken word cues (e.g., "lilac") and determined whether target stimuli (odors or pictures) matched the word cue or not. In two behavioral experiments (total n = 113; 72 female), the disparity between congruent and incongruent response times was exaggerated for olfactory relative to visual targets, indicating a greater dependency on predictive verbal cues to process olfactory targets. A preregistered fMRI study (n = 30; 19 female) revealed the anterior cingulate cortex (a region central for error detection) being more activated by incongruent olfactory targets, indicating a role for olfactory predictive error processing. Additionally, both the primary olfactory and visual cortices were significantly activated for incongruent olfactory targets, suggesting olfactory prediction errors are dependent on cross-sensory processing resources, whereas visual prediction errors are not. We propose that olfaction is characterized by a strong dependency on predictive (nonolfactory) cues and that odors are evaluated in the context of such predictions by a designated transmodal cortical network. Our results indicate differences in how predictive cues are used by different senses in rapid decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Pierzchajlo
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Teodor Jernsäther
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Lara Fontana
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Rita Almeida
- Stockholm University Brain Imaging Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
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Kilteni K, Ehrsson HH. Dynamic changes in somatosensory and cerebellar activity mediate temporal recalibration of self-touch. Commun Biol 2024; 7:522. [PMID: 38702520 PMCID: PMC11068753 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An organism's ability to accurately anticipate the sensations caused by its own actions is crucial for a wide range of behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive functions. Notably, the sensorimotor expectations produced when touching one's own body attenuate such sensations, making them feel weaker and less ticklish and rendering them easily distinguishable from potentially harmful touches of external origin. How the brain learns and keeps these action-related sensory expectations updated is unclear. Here we employ psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging to pinpoint the behavioral and neural substrates of dynamic recalibration of expected temporal delays in self-touch. Our psychophysical results reveal that self-touches are less attenuated after systematic exposure to delayed self-generated touches, while responses in the contralateral somatosensory cortex that normally distinguish between delayed and nondelayed self-generated touches become indistinguishable. During the exposure, the ipsilateral anterior cerebellum shows increased activity, supporting its proposed role in recalibrating sensorimotor predictions. Moreover, responses in the cingulate areas gradually increase, suggesting that as delay adaptation progresses, the nondelayed self-touches trigger activity related to cognitive conflict. Together, our results show that sensorimotor predictions in the simplest act of touching one's own body are upheld by a sophisticated and flexible neural mechanism that maintains them accurate in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kilteni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - H Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Bianco V, Arrigoni E, Di Russo F, Romero Lauro LJ, Pisoni A. Top-down reconfiguration of SMA cortical connectivity during action preparation. iScience 2023; 26:107430. [PMID: 37575197 PMCID: PMC10415800 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bereitschaftspotential (BP), a scalp potential recorded in humans during action preparation, is characterized by a slow amplitude increase over fronto-central regions as action execution approaches. We recorded TMS evoked-potentials (TEP) stimulating the supplementary motor area (SMA) at different time-points during a Go/No-Go task to assess whether and how cortical excitability and connectivity of this region change as the BP increases. When approaching BP peak, left SMA reactivity resulted greater. Concurrently, its effective connectivity increased with the left occipital areas, while it decreased with the right inferior frontal gyrus, indicating a fast reconfiguration of cortical networks during the preparation of the forthcoming action. Functional connectivity patterns supported these findings, suggesting a critical role of frequency-specific inter-areal interactions in implementing top-down mechanisms in the sensorimotor system prior to action. These findings reveal that BP time-course reflects quantitative and qualitative changes in SMA communication patterns that shape mechanisms involved in motor readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Arrigoni
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonor Josefina Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Nandi B, Ostrand A, Johnson V, Ford TJ, Gazzaley A, Zanto TP. Musical Training Facilitates Exogenous Temporal Attention via Delta Phase Entrainment within a Sensorimotor Network. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3365-3378. [PMID: 36977585 PMCID: PMC10162458 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0220-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal orienting of attention plays an important role in our day-to-day lives and can use timing information from exogenous or endogenous sources. Yet, it is unclear what neural mechanisms give rise to temporal attention, and it is debated whether both exogenous and endogenous forms of temporal attention share a common neural source. Here, older adult nonmusicians (N = 47, 24 female) were randomized to undergo 8 weeks of either rhythm training, which places demands on exogenous temporal attention, or word search training as a control. The goal was to assess (1) the neural basis of exogenous temporal attention and (2) whether training-induced improvements in exogenous temporal attention can transfer to enhanced endogenous temporal attention abilities, thereby providing support for a common neural mechanism of temporal attention. Before and after training, exogenous temporal attention was assessed using a rhythmic synchronization paradigm, whereas endogenous temporal attention was evaluated via a temporally cued visual discrimination task. Results showed that rhythm training improved performance on the exogenous temporal attention task, which was associated with increased intertrial coherence within the δ (1-4 Hz) band as assessed by EEG recordings. Source localization revealed increased δ-band intertrial coherence arose from a sensorimotor network, including premotor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Despite these improvements in exogenous temporal attention, such benefits were not transferred to endogenous attentional ability. These results support the notion that exogenous and endogenous temporal attention uses independent neural sources, with exogenous temporal attention relying on the precise timing of δ band oscillations within a sensorimotor network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Allocating attention to specific points in time is known as temporal attention, and may arise from external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) sources. Despite its importance to our daily lives, it is unclear how the brain gives rise to temporal attention and whether exogenous- or endogenous-based sources for temporal attention rely on shared brain regions. Here, we demonstrate that musical rhythm training improves exogenous temporal attention, which was associated with more consistent timing of neural activity in sensory and motor processing brain regions. However, these benefits did not extend to endogenous temporal attention, indicating that temporal attention relies on different brain regions depending on the source of timing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijurika Nandi
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Avery Ostrand
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Vinith Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Tiffany J Ford
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Adam Gazzaley
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Theodore P Zanto
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscape, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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Muralidharan V, Aron AR, Cohen MX, Schmidt R. Two modes of midfrontal theta suggest a role in conflict and error processing. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120107. [PMID: 37059155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Midfrontal theta increases during scenarios when conflicts are successfully resolved. Often considered a generic signal of cognitive control, its temporal nature has hardly been investigated. Using advanced spatiotemporal techniques, we uncover that midfrontal theta occurs as a transient oscillation or "event" at single trials with their timing reflecting computationally distinct modes. Single-trial analyses of electrophysiological data from participants performing the Flanker (N = 24) and Simon task (N = 15) were used to probe the relationship between theta and metrics of stimulus-response conflict. We specifically investigated "partial errors", in which a small burst of muscle activity in the incorrect response effector occurred, quickly followed by a correction. We found that transient theta events in single trials could be categorized into two distinct theta modes based on their relative timing to different task events. Theta events from the first mode occurred briefly after the task stimulus and might reflect conflict-related processing of the stimulus. In contrast, theta events from the second mode were more likely to occur around the time partial errors were committed, suggesting they were elicited by a potential upcoming error. Importantly, in trials in which a full error was committed, this "error-related theta" occurred too late with respect to the onset of the erroneous muscle response, supporting the role of theta also in error correction. We conclude that different modes of transient midfrontal theta can be adopted in single trials not only to process stimulus-response conflict, but also to correct erroneous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Muralidharan
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Center for Brain Sciences and Applications, School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, India.
| | - Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael X Cohen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, and Donders Centre for Neuroscience
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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8
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Fu Z, Sajad A, Errington SP, Schall JD, Rutishauser U. Neurophysiological mechanisms of error monitoring in human and non-human primates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:153-172. [PMID: 36707544 PMCID: PMC10231843 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Performance monitoring is an important executive function that allows us to gain insight into our own behaviour. This remarkable ability relies on the frontal cortex, and its impairment is an aspect of many psychiatric diseases. In recent years, recordings from the macaque and human medial frontal cortex have offered a detailed understanding of the neurophysiological substrate that underlies performance monitoring. Here we review the discovery of single-neuron correlates of error monitoring, a key aspect of performance monitoring, in both species. These neurons are the generators of the error-related negativity, which is a non-invasive biomarker that indexes error detection. We evaluate a set of tasks that allows the synergistic elucidation of the mechanisms of cognitive control across the two species, consider differences in brain anatomy and testing conditions across species, and describe the clinical relevance of these findings for understanding psychopathology. Last, we integrate the body of experimental facts into a theoretical framework that offers a new perspective on how error signals are computed in both species and makes novel, testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Amirsaman Sajad
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P Errington
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Experiencing sweet taste is associated with an increase in prosocial behavior. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1954. [PMID: 36732349 PMCID: PMC9894851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste may be the first sense that emerged in evolution. Taste is also a very important sense since it signals potential beneficial or dangerous effects of foods. Given this fundamental role of taste in our lives, it is not surprising that taste also affects our psychological perception and thinking. For example, previous research demonstrated remarkable psychological effects of sweet taste experiences, suggesting that sweetness may be a source domain for prosocial functioning. Recent research reports that briefly experiencing sweet taste made participants more helpful in their intentions and behavior. The current study aims to test this hypothesis and to examine the neural underpinnings of this effect by using an fMRI approach. Participants were asked to taste sweet, salty, and neutral taste while lying in the fMRI scanner. Subsequently their prosocial behavior was tested by playing the dictator game, a measure of prosocial behavior. Results showed that sweet taste was associated with an increase in prosocial behavior compared with previously experiencing salty taste but did not affect control stimuli ratings. FMRI results revealed a modulation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex associated with this sweetness effect. This brain area is known to play a central role for monitoring conflicts and decisions and has been directly linked to selfish and prosocial economic decisions. The results demonstrate that sweet taste has complex psychological effects including positive and socially desirable outcomes. We discuss the results with other studies on psychological sweetness effects and suggest possible implications of these findings.
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Gorka SM, Manzler CA, Jones EE, Smith RJ, Bryan CJ. Reward-related neural dysfunction in youth with a history of suicidal ideation: The importance of temporal predictability. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:20-26. [PMID: 36549196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal reward processing is an important yet understudied risk factor for suicide. Recent neuroimaging studies have found that suicidality is associated with abnormal reward-related neural reactivity and connectivity across a wide range of brain regions and circuits. The varying, and oftentimes discrepant, findings have hindered progress in elucidating the neurobiological link between reward processing dysfunction and suicide risk. Some of this variability is likely related to different reward-related paradigms that are utilized across studies. The primary aim of the current study was to address these issues by comparing neural reactivity between youth with and without a history of suicidal ideation during direct manipulation of reward parameters. A total of 108 unmedicated youth, ages 17-19, were classified into two groups: 1) history of suicidal ideation (n = 39) and 2) no history of suicidal ideation (n = 69). All participants completed a novel reward anticipation task probing anticipation of predictable (P-reward) and unpredictable (U-reward) monetary reward. Results revealed that compared with controls, youth with a history of suicidal ideation exhibited increased neural activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right anterior insula (aINS) during anticipation of U-reward. There were no group differences during anticipation of P-reward. These findings suggest that propensity for suicidal ideation may be related to specific abnormalities during anticipation of U-reward, but not P-reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Charles A Manzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily E Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Reid J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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11
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Wu J, Huang J, Li J, Chen X, Xiao Y. The role of conflict processing mechanism in deception responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18300. [PMID: 36316417 PMCID: PMC9622869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of studies have described the potential neural mechanism of deception, but most deception studies have relied upon deception from experimental supervisor instruction. Experimental control (participants follow instructions to deceive without any risk) means that the deception occurs in a way that does not come close to the real deception. In the current study, a neural imaging experiment on deception closer to the real deception was conducted. Event-related potential (ERP) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) techniques were used to explore the neural mechanism of deception. The results showed that deceptive response evoked larger medial-frontal negativity (MFN) and smaller response-locked positivity (RLP) than truthful response. We interpret these findings to indicate that conflict detection and emotional processing are associated with deception. In addition, magnitudes of alpha and beta oscillations after the deceptive response were significantly smaller than those after the truthful response, demonstrating that deception is associated with neural oscillations reflecting conflict adjustment. The results comprehensively characterized the physiological properties of the brain oscillations elicited by a deceptive response and provided a theoretical foundation for detection in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Beijing Machine and Equipment Institute, Beijing, 100854 China ,grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Beijing Machine and Equipment Institute, Beijing, 100854 China
| | - Xianglin Chen
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Beijing Institute of Information Technology, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Yi Xiao
- grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
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12
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Ku BS, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Compton MT, Cornblatt BA, Druss BG, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF. The associations between area-level residential instability and gray matter volumes from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) consortium. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:1-9. [PMID: 35066429 PMCID: PMC8960350 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Area-level residential instability (ARI), an index of social fragmentation, has been shown to explain the association between urbanicity and psychosis. Urban upbringing has been shown to be associated with reduced gray matter volumes (GMV)s of brain regions corresponding to the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (CMFG) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). We hypothesize that greater ARI will be associated with reduced right CMFG and rACC GMVs. METHODS Data were collected at baseline as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2. Counties where participants resided during childhood were geographically coded using the US Census to area-level factors. ARI was defined as the percentage of residents living in a different house 5 years ago. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations between ARI and GMVs. RESULTS This study included 29 healthy controls (HC)s and 64 clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) individuals who were aged 12 to 24 years, had remained in their baseline residential area, and had magnetic resonance imaging scans. ARI was associated with reduced right CMFG (adjusted β = -0.258; 95% CI = -0.502 to -0.015) and right rACC volumes (adjusted β = -0.318; 95% CI = -0.612 to -0.023). The interaction term (ARI-by-diagnostic group) in the prediction of both brain regions was not significant, indicating that the relationships between ARI and regional brain volumes held for both CHR-P and HCs. CONCLUSIONS ARI may adversely impact similar brain regions as urban upbringing. Further investigation into the potential mechanisms of the relationship between ARI and neurobiology, including social stress, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Pennycook G. A framework for understanding reasoning errors: From fake news to climate change and beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Ahmari SE, Rauch SL. The prefrontal cortex and OCD. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:211-224. [PMID: 34400778 PMCID: PMC8617188 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent and severe neuropsychiatric disorder, with an incidence of 1.5-3% worldwide. However, despite the clear public health burden of OCD and relatively well-defined symptom criteria, effective treatments are still limited, spotlighting the need for investigation of the neural substrates of the disorder. Human neuroimaging studies have consistently highlighted abnormal activity patterns in prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and connected circuits in OCD during both symptom provocation and performance of neurocognitive tasks. Because of recent technical advances, these findings can now be leveraged to develop novel targeted interventions. Here we will highlight current theories regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex in the generation of OCD symptoms, discuss ways in which this knowledge can be used to improve treatments for this often disabling illness, and lay out challenges in the field for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Ahmari
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Grill F, Johansson J, Axelsson J, Brynolfsson P, Nyberg L, Rieckmann A. Dissecting Motor and Cognitive Component Processes of a Finger-Tapping Task With Hybrid Dopamine Positron Emission Tomography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:733091. [PMID: 34912200 PMCID: PMC8667474 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.733091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine is involved in facilitation of motor action as well as various cognitive and emotional functions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the primary imaging method used to investigate dopamine function in humans. Previous PET studies have shown striatal dopamine release during simple finger tapping in both the putamen and the caudate. It is likely that dopamine release in the putamen is related to motor processes while dopamine release in the caudate could signal sustained cognitive component processes of the task, but the poor temporal resolution of PET has hindered firm conclusions. In this study we simultaneously collected [11C]Raclopride PET and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data while participants performed finger tapping, with fMRI being able to isolate activations related to individual tapping events. The results revealed fMRI-PET overlap in the bilateral putamen, which is consistent with a motor component process. Selective PET responses in the caudate, ventral striatum, and right posterior putamen, were also observed but did not overlap with fMRI responses to tapping events, suggesting that these reflect non-motor component processes of finger tapping. Our findings suggest an interplay between motor and non-motor-related dopamine release during simple finger tapping and illustrate the potential of hybrid PET-fMRI in revealing distinct component processes of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Grill
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Brynolfsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,The Munich Center for the Economics of Aging, Max-Planck-Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany
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16
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Lin MH, Davies PL, Taylor BK, Prince MA, Gavin WJ. Modeling electrophysiological measures of decision-making and performance monitoring in neurotypical children engaging in a speeded flanker task. Psychophysiology 2021; 59:e13972. [PMID: 34818441 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the role of error processing in behavioral adaptation in children by testing relationships between error-related and stimulus-related event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained from two sessions of a speeded Eriksen flanker task. First, path models of averaged ERP components and mean response times (N1 → P2 → N2 → P3 → RTs) while controlling for trait effects, age, and sex, on each was examined separately for correct and incorrect trials from each session. While the model demonstrated acceptable fit statistics, the four models yielded diverse results. Next, path models for correct and incorrect trials were tested using latent variables defined by factoring together respective measures of ERP component amplitudes from each session. Comparison of correct and incorrect models revealed significant differences in the relationships between the successive measures of neural processing after controlling for trait effects. Moreover, latent variable models controlling for both trait and session-specific state variables yielded excellent model fit while models without session-specific state variables did not. In the final model, the error-related neural activity (i.e., the ERN and Pe) from incorrect trials was found to significantly relate to the stream of neural processes contributing to trials with the correct behavior. Importantly, the relationship between RT and error detection in the final model signifies a brain-and-behavior feedback loop. These findings provided empirical evidence that supports the adaptive orienting theory of error processing by demonstrating how the neural signals of error processing influence behavioral adaptations that facilitate correct behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Patricia L Davies
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William J Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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17
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Shen YK, Ge QM, Pan YC, Shu HY, Zhang LJ, Li QY, Liang RB, Shao Y, Yu Y. Decreased gray matter volume and increased white matter volume in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a voxel-based morphometry study. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23182-23192. [PMID: 34623972 PMCID: PMC8544331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure white and gray matter volume (WMV, GMV) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). MATERIAL Eighteen patients (9 men, 9 women) with nAMD and 18 (9 men, 9 women) healthy controls (HCs) aligned were recruited. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and VBM of three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed. And we also apply t-tests to look for GMV and WMV differences between groups. Correlation analysis was utilized to probe the connection between observational GMV and WMV values of diverse brain areas and the severity of HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale). Also, distinctions between nAMD and HCs in GMV can be presented with the help of a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. RESULTS Compared with HCs, GMV values were significantly lower in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the right inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole of left superior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate and para cingulate gyrus. While WMV was slightly increased in these areas. HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale) scores portrayed a non-linear correlation with the GMV value of the right inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus of the nAMD group (r=-0.6629, P=0.0027)(r=-0.9451, P<0.0001)(r=-0.6183, P=0.0062). Moreover, the ROC curve analysis of the mean VBM values for altered brain regions indicated high diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION These results indicated that patients with nAMD have abnormal GMV and WMV and formed a basis for future research on pathological mechanisms in this disease. Moreover, decreased gray matter volume in particular brain regions might be associated with choroidal neovascularization and abnormal HADS score. It might help to explain the pathological mechanism of anxiety and depression in patients with nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Min Ge
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ye Shu
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Center of National Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Michelet T, Badets A. The anterior midcingulate cortex might be a neuronal substrate for the ideomotor mechanism. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2345-2355. [PMID: 34185100 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The way the brain controls voluntary movements for normal and pathological subject remains puzzling. In this selective review, we provide unreported harmonies between the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) activities and the ideomotor mechanism postulating that voluntary movements are controlled by the anticipation of the expected perceptual consequences of an action, critically involving bidirectional interplay of a given motor activity and corresponding sensory feedback. Among other evidence, we found that the required asymmetry in the bidirectional interplay between a given motor command and its expected sensory effect could rely on the specific activity of aMCC neurons when observing errors and successes. We confirm this hypothesis by presenting a pathological perspective, studying obsessive-compulsive and other related disorders in which hyperactivated and uniform aMCC activities should lead to a circular-reflex process that results in persistent ideas and repeated actions. By evaluating normal and pathological data, we propose considering the aMCC at a central position within the cerebral network involved in the ideomotor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michelet
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Badets
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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19
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Taga M, Curci A, Pizzamigglio S, Lacal I, Turner DL, Fu CHY. Motor adaptation and internal model formation in a robot-mediated forcefield. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:73-87. [PMID: 38665359 PMCID: PMC10917215 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Motor adaptation relies on error-based learning for accurate movements in changing environments. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms driving individual differences in performance are unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potential can provide a direct measure of cortical excitability. Objective To investigate cortical excitability as a predictor of motor learning and motor adaptation in a robot-mediated forcefield. Methods A group of 15 right-handed healthy participants (mean age 23 years) performed a robot-mediated forcefield perturbation task. There were two conditions: unperturbed non-adaptation and perturbed adaptation. TMS was applied in the resting state at baseline and following motor adaptation over the contralateral primary motor cortex (left M1). Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was continuously recorded, and cortical excitability was measured by TMS-evoked potential (TEP). Motor learning was quantified by the motor learning index. Results Larger error-related negativity (ERN) in fronto-central regions was associated with improved motor performance as measured by a reduction in trajectory errors. Baseline TEP N100 peak amplitude predicted motor learning (P = 0.005), which was significantly attenuated relative to baseline (P = 0.0018) following motor adaptation. Conclusions ERN reflected the formation of a predictive internal model adapted to the forcefield perturbation. Attenuation in TEP N100 amplitude reflected an increase in cortical excitability with motor adaptation reflecting neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor cortex. TEP N100 is a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome in robot-mediated therapy and a mechanism to investigate psychomotor abnormalities in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Taga
- School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Annacarmen Curci
- School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Sara Pizzamigglio
- Department of Computer Science, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Irene Lacal
- Department of Computer Science, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Duncan L Turner
- School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Adamczyk P, Jáni M, Ligeza TS, Płonka O, Błądziński P, Wyczesany M. On the Role of Bilateral Brain Hypofunction and Abnormal Lateralization of Cortical Information Flow as Neural Underpinnings of Conventional Metaphor Processing Impairment in Schizophrenia: An fMRI and EEG Study. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:537-554. [PMID: 33973137 PMCID: PMC8195899 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Figurative language processing (e.g. metaphors) is commonly impaired in schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the neural activity and propagation of information within neural circuits related to the figurative speech, as a neural substrate of impaired conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia. The study included 30 schizophrenia outpatients and 30 healthy controls, all of whom were assessed with a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) punchline-based metaphor comprehension task including literal (neutral), figurative (metaphorical) and nonsense (absurd) endings. The blood oxygenation level-dependent signal was recorded with 3T MRI scanner and direction and strength of cortical information flow in the time course of task processing was estimated with a 64-channel EEG input for directed transfer function. The presented results revealed that the behavioral manifestation of impaired figurative language in schizophrenia is related to the hypofunction in the bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal brain regions (fMRI) and various differences in effective connectivity in the fronto-temporo-parietal circuit (EEG). Schizophrenia outpatients showed an abnormal pattern of connectivity during metaphor processing which was related to bilateral (but more pronounced at the left hemisphere) hypoactivation of the brain. Moreover, we found reversed lateralization patterns, i.e. a rightward-shifted pattern during metaphor processing in schizophrenia compared to the control group. In conclusion, the presented findings revealed that the impairment of the conventional metaphor processing in schizophrenia is related to the bilateral brain hypofunction, which supports the evidence on reversed lateralization of the language neural network and the existence of compensatory recruitment of alternative neural circuits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Adamczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martin Jáni
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz S Ligeza
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Płonka
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Błądziński
- Community Psychiatry and Psychosis Research Center, Chair of Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Cao H, Cannon TD. Distinct and temporally associated neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive controls: Evidence from a stop-signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2677-2690. [PMID: 33797816 PMCID: PMC8127156 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is built upon the interactions of multiple brain regions. It is currently unclear whether the involved regions are temporally separable in relation to different cognitive processes and how these regions are temporally associated in relation to different task performances. Here, using stop-signal task data acquired from 119 healthy participants, we showed that concurrent and poststop cognitive controls were associated with temporally distinct but interrelated neural mechanisms. Specifically, concurrent cognitive control activated regions in the cingulo-opercular network (including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC], insula, and thalamus), together with superior temporal gyrus, secondary motor areas, and visual cortex; while regions in the fronto-parietal network (including the lateral prefrontal cortex [lPFC] and inferior parietal lobule) and cerebellum were only activated during poststop cognitive control. The associations of activities between concurrent and poststop regions were dependent on task performance, with the most notable difference in the cerebellum. Importantly, while concurrent and poststop signals were significantly correlated during successful cognitive control, concurrent activations during erroneous trials were only correlated with posterror activations in the fronto-parietal network but not cerebellum. Instead, the cerebellar activation during posterror cognitive control was likely to be driven secondarily by posterror activation in the lPFC. Further, a dynamic causal modeling analysis demonstrated that postsuccess cognitive control was associated with inhibitory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum, while excitatory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum was present during posterror cognitive control. Overall, these findings suggest dissociable but temporally related neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive control processes in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Zhuang JY, Xie J, Li P, Fan M, Bode S. Neural profiles of observing acceptance and rejection decisions in human mate choice copying. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117929. [PMID: 33675996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate choice copying refers to an agent copying the choice for a potential sexual/romantic partner made by a relevant model and has been observed across many species. This study investigated the neural profiles of two copying strategies in humans - acceptance and rejection copying - using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Female participants observed female models accepting, rejecting, or being undecided about (control), males as potential romantic partners before and after rating their own willingness to choose the same males. We found that observing acceptance shifted participants' own choices towards acceptance, while observing rejection shifted participants' choices towards rejection. A network of motivation-, conflict- and reinforcement learning related brain regions was activated for observing the models' decisions. The rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (rACCg) and the caudate in particular were activated more strongly when observing acceptance. Activation in the inferior parietal lobe directly scaled with the magnitude of changes in choices after observing acceptance, while activation in the ACCg also scaled with changes after observing rejection. These findings point to partly dissociable neural profiles for copying strategies that might be linked to different contributions of incentive-driven and vicarious motivation, potentially reflecting the presence or absence of internalised reward experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Zhuang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China.
| | - Jiajia Xie
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, China
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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23
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Pezzetta R, Wokke ME, Aglioti SM, Ridderinkhof KR. Doing it Wrong: A Systematic Review on Electrocortical and Behavioral Correlates of Error Monitoring in Patients with Neurological Disorders. Neuroscience 2021; 486:103-125. [PMID: 33516775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Detecting errors in one's own and other's actions is a crucial ability for learning and adapting behavior to everchanging, highly volatile environments. Studies in healthy people demonstrate that monitoring errors in one's own and others' actions are underpinned by specific neural systems that are dysfunctional in a variety of neurological disorders. In this review, we first briefly discuss the main findings concerning error detection and error awareness in healthy subjects, the current theoretical models, and the tasks usually applied to investigate these processes. Then, we report a systematic search for evidence of dysfunctional error monitoring among neurological populations (basal ganglia, neurodegenerative, white-matter diseases and acquired brain injury). In particular, we examine electrophysiological and behavioral evidence for specific alterations of error processing in neurological disorders. Error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude were reduced in most (although not all) neurological patient groups, whereas Positivity Error (Pe) amplitude appeared not to be affected in most patient groups. Also theta activity was reduced in some neurological groups, but consistent evidence on the oscillatory activity has not been provided thus far. Behaviorally, we did not observe relevant patterns of pronounced dysfunctional (post-) error processing. Finally, we discuss limitations of the existing literature, conclusive points, open questions and new possible methodological approaches for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pezzetta
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
| | - M E Wokke
- Programs in Psychology and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S M Aglioti
- Sapienza University of Rome and CNLS@Sapienza at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - K R Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018, WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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An ERP investigation of the working memory stroop effect. Neuropsychologia 2021; 152:107752. [PMID: 33453265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neural activity associated with the Working Memory (WM) Stroop effect. Stroop facilitation and interference effects in WM were also investigated by adding a neutral condition to the WM Stroop paradigm. In each trial, participants were first asked to remember a word in WM, then respond to the color of the subsequent rectangle. The word meaning and rectangular color were congruent, incongruent, or irrelevant (neutral). Finally, a probe word appeared and participants judged whether it was the same as the first presented word. For the color decision task, behavioral results showed that 1) RTs were longer for the incongruent than congruent condition, indicating a WM Stroop effect; 2) RTs were shorter for the congruent than neutral condition, indicating a WM Stroop facilitation effect; and 3) RTs were shorter for the incongruent than neutral condition, indicating no Stroop interference effect in WM. ERPs locked to the rectangle revealed that 1) greater N2 and P3 activity was evoked for the incongruent than congruent condition, indicating more intensive conflict detection and conflict resolution processes for the incongruent condition; and 2) enhanced N2 but decreased P3 components were evoked for the neutral than the congruent and incongruent conditions, indicating a more intensive conflict monitoring process but decreased conflict resolution process for the neutral condition. These results demonstrate that when WM content is congruent with the attention task, it can facilitate attention, but WM content may not interfere with attention when they are incongruent.
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Jiang Q, Wang Q, Li H. The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning: Electrophysiological evidence from ERPs. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2020; 74:733-745. [PMID: 33124938 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820974213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intention is a typical mental state in the theory of mind. However, to date, there have been theoretical debates on the conceptual structure of intention. The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning remains unclear. The present event-related potential (ERP) study had two purposes: first, to investigate the neural correlates of intention reasoning based on a differentiated conceptual structure distinguishing desire and intention; second, to investigate the neural basis of intention reasoning for different agents. Thus, we compared the neural activity elicited by intention reasoning for self and for others when the intention matched or mismatched the desire of the agent. The results revealed that three ERP components distinguished among different types of intention reasoning. A negative-going ERP deflection with right frontal distribution between 400 and 500 ms might reflect the cognitive conflict involved in intention reasoning, a right frontal late positive component might be associated with the categorisation of agents, and a centro-parietal late slow wave might indicate the conceptual mental operations associated with decoupling mechanisms in intention processing. These findings implied the neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning and provided neural evidence for the differentiated conception of intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Research Centre of Psychology and Education, School of Marxism, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Salvador CE, Kraus BT, Ackerman JM, Gelfand MJ, Kitayama S. Interdependent self-construal predicts reduced sensitivity to norms under pathogen threat: An electrocortical investigation. Biol Psychol 2020; 157:107970. [PMID: 33096149 PMCID: PMC7573572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of threat, norm violations often induce strong neural responses. Neural responses to norm violations entail the N400 and upper-alpha suppression. Interdependent self-construal is associated with buffering of the effect of threat. The two neural responses show similar patterns for threat and interdependent SC.
Prior evidence suggests that external threat motivates people to monitor norm violations. However, the effect of threat may be attenuated for those high in interdependent self-construal (SC) because this SC affords a sense of protection against the threat. Here, we tested this possibility by priming or not priming young American adults with a pathogen threat. We then had participants read norm-violating or normal behaviors while assessing two electrocortical markers: N400 (indexing the detection of norm violations) and suppression of upper α-band power (indexing vigilance to the violations). In the threat priming condition, interdependent SC predicted decreased responsiveness to norm violations. In the control priming condition, however, interdependent SC predicted increased responsiveness. Our work suggests that interdependent SC may provide a sense of security under threat.
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Palidis DJ, Gribble PL. EEG correlates of physical effort and reward processing during reinforcement learning. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:610-622. [PMID: 32727262 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00370.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effort-based decision making is often modeled using subjective value, a function of reward discounted by effort. We asked whether EEG event-related potential (ERP) correlates of reward processing are also modulated by physical effort. Human participants performed a task in which they were required to accurately produce target levels of muscle activation to receive rewards. Quadriceps muscle activation was recorded with electromyography (EMG) during isometric knee extension. On a given trial, the target muscle activation required either low or high effort. The effort was determined probabilistically according to a binary choice, such that the responses were associated with 20% and 80% probability of high effort. This contingency could only be learned through experience, and it reversed periodically. Binary reinforcement feedback depended on accurately producing the target muscle activity. Participants adaptively avoided effort by switching responses more frequently after choices that resulted in hard effort. Feedback after participants' choices that revealed the resulting effort requirement did not elicit modulation of the feedback-related negativity/reward positivity (FRN/RP). However, the neural response to reinforcement outcome after effort production was increased by preceding physical effort. Source decomposition revealed separable early and late positive deflections contributing to the ERP. The main effect of reward outcome, characteristic of the FRN/RP, loaded onto the earlier component, whereas the reward × effort interaction was observed only in the later positivity, which resembled the P300. Thus, retrospective effort modulates reward processing. This may explain paradoxical behavioral findings whereby rewards requiring more effort to obtain can become more powerful reinforcers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Choices probabilistically determined the physical effort requirements for a subsequent task, and reward depended on task performance. Feedback revealing whether choices resulted in easy or hard effort did not elicit reinforcement learning signals. However, the neural responses to reinforcement were modulated by preceding effort. Thus, effort itself was not treated as loss or punishment, but it affected the responses to subsequent reinforcement outcomes. This may explain how effort can enhance the motivational effect of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios J Palidis
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul L Gribble
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
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Brandmeyer T, Delorme A. Meditation and the Wandering Mind: A Theoretical Framework of Underlying Neurocognitive Mechanisms. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:39-66. [PMID: 32598855 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620917340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the practice of meditation, the tendency of the mind to wander away from the object of focus is ubiquitous. The occurrence of mind wandering in the context of meditation provides individuals a unique and intimate opportunity to closely examine the nature of the wandering mind by cultivating an awareness of ongoing thought patterns, while simultaneously aiming to cultivate equanimity (evenness of temper or disposition) and compassion toward the content of thoughts, interpretations, and bodily sensations. In this article we provide a theoretical framework that highlights the neurocognitive mechanisms by which contemplative practices influence the neural and phenomenological processes underlying spontaneous thought. Our theoretical model focuses on several converging mechanisms: the role of meta-awareness in facilitating an increased moment-to-moment awareness of spontaneous thought processes, the effects of meditation practice on key structures underlying both the top-down cognitive processes and bottom-up sensory processes implicated in attention and emotion regulation, and the influence of contemplative practice on the neural substrates underlying perception and perceptual decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Brandmeyer
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.,Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paul Sabatier.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5549
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paul Sabatier.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5549.,Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute of Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego
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Brandmeyer T, Delorme A. Closed-Loop Frontal Midlineθ Neurofeedback: A Novel Approach for Training Focused-Attention Meditation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:246. [PMID: 32714171 PMCID: PMC7344173 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical oscillations serve as an index of both sensory and cognitive processes and represent one of the most promising candidates for training and targeting the top-down mechanisms underlying executive functions. Research findings suggest that theta (θ) oscillations (3-7 Hz) recorded over frontal-midline electrodes are broadly associated with a number of higher-order cognitive processes and may serve as the mechanistic backbone for cognitive control. Frontal-midline theta (FMθ) oscillations have also been shown to inversely correlate with activity in the default mode network (DMN), a network in the brain linked to spontaneous thought processes such as mind-wandering and rumination. In line with these findings, we previously observed increased FMθ oscillations in expert meditation practitioners during reported periods of focused-attention meditation practice when compared to periods of mind-wandering. In an effort to narrow the explanatory gap by directly connecting observed neurophysiological activity in the brain to the phenomenological nature of reported experience, we designed a methodologically novel and adaptive neurofeedback protocol with the aim of modulating FMθ while having meditation novice participants implement breath-focus strategies derived from focused-attention mediation practices. Participants who received eight sessions of the adaptive FMθ-meditation neurofeedback protocol were able to significantly modulate FMθ over frontal electrodes using focused-attention meditation strategies relative to their baseline by the end of the training and demonstrated significantly faster reaction times on correct trials during the n-back working memory task assessed before and after the FMθ-meditation neurofeedback protocol. No significant differences in frontal theta activity or behavior were observed in the active control participants who received age and gender matched sham neurofeedback. These findings help lay the groundwork for the development of brain training protocols and neurofeedback applications that aim to train features of the mental states and traits associated with focused-attention meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Brandmeyer
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute of Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Criaud M, Wulff M, Alegria AA, Barker GJ, Giampietro V, Rubia K. Increased left inferior fronto-striatal activation during error monitoring after fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102311. [PMID: 32570204 PMCID: PMC7306625 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a self-regulation disorder, with impairments in error monitoring associated with underactivation of the related brain network(s). Psychostimulant medication improves ADHD symptoms and can upregulate brain function, but has side effects, with limited evidence for longer-term effects. Real-time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) has potential longer-term neuroplastic effects. We previously reported the effects of 11 runs of 8.5 min of fMRI-NF of the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) in adolescents with ADHD. This resulted in improvement of clinical symptom and enhanced rIFC activation post-pre treatment during response inhibition, when compared to a control group receiving fMRI-NF of the left parahippocampal gyrus (lPHG). In the current study we applied a novel analysis to the existing data by investigating the effects of fMRI-NF of rIFC in 16 adolescents with ADHD compared to fMRI-NF of lPHG in 11 adolescents with ADHD on the neurofunctional correlates of error monitoring during the same fMRI tracking stop task and potential associations with cognitive and clinical measures. We found stronger performance adjustment to errors in the rIFC-NF compared to the control lPHG-NF group. At the brain function level, fMRI-NF of rIFC compared to that of lPHG was associated with increased activation in error monitoring regions of the left IFC, premotor cortex, insula and putamen. The increased activation in left IFC-insular-striatal error monitoring regions in the rIFC-NF relative to the lPHG-NF group was furthermore trend-wise correlated with NF-induced ADHD symptom improvements. The findings of this study show, that during error monitoring, fMRI-NF training of rIFC upregulation elicited improvement in post-error behavioural adjustments and concomitant increased activation in left hemispheric fronto-insular-striatal and premotor regions mediating self-control and self-monitoring functions. This suggests that the administration of fMRI-NF of the rIFC may have had an impact on wider networks of self-regulation and self-monitoring in adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Criaud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - M Wulff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A A Alegria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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31
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Niessen E, Ant JM, Bode S, Saliger J, Karbe H, Fink GR, Stahl J, Weiss PH. Preserved performance monitoring and error detection in left hemisphere stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102307. [PMID: 32570207 PMCID: PMC7306623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the lesion site, a stroke typically affects various aspects of cognitive control. While executing a task, the performance monitoring system constantly compares an intended action plan with the executed action and thereby registers inaccurate actions in case of any mismatch. When errors occur, the performance monitoring system signals the need for more cognitive control, which is most efficient when the subject notices errors rather than processing them subconsciously. The current study aimed to investigate performance monitoring and error detection in a large sample of patients with left hemisphere (LH) stroke. In addition to clinical and neuropsychological tests, 24 LH stroke patients and 32 healthy age-matched controls performed a Go/Nogo task with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. This set-up enabled us to compare performance monitoring at the behavioral and the neural level. EEG data were analyzed using event-related potentials [ERPs; e.g., the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) and error positivity (Pe)] and additionally more sensitive whole-brain multivariate pattern classification analyses (MVPA). We hypothesized that LH stroke patients would show behavioural deficits in error detection when compared to healthy controls, mirrored by differences in neural signals, in particular reflected in the Pe component. Interestingly, despite clinically relevant cognitive deficits (e.g., aphasia and apraxia) including executive dysfunction (trail making test), we did not observe any behavioral impairments related to performance monitoring and error processing in the current LH stroke patients. Patients also showed similar results for Ne/ERN and Pe components, compared to the control group, and a highly similar prediction of errors from multivariate signals. ERP abnormalities during stimulus processing (i.e., N2 and P3) demonstrated the specificity of these findings in the current LH stroke patients. In contrast to previous studies, by employing a relatively large patient sample, a well-controlled experimental paradigm with a standardized error signaling procedure, and advanced data analysis, we were able to show that performance monitoring (of simple actions) is a preserved cognitive control function in LH stroke patients that might constitute a useful resource in rehabilitative therapies for re-learning impeded functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Niessen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jana M Ant
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Karbe
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
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32
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Wang Y, Cheung H, Yee LTS, Tse CY. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and theta oscillations: Different feedback signals for non-conform and conform decisions. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Neural correlates of performance monitoring in adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: A study of event-related potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:597-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Investigation of Delayed Response during Real-Time Cursor Control Using Electroencephalography. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:1418437. [PMID: 32089811 PMCID: PMC7031728 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1418437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Error-related brain activation has been investigated for advanced brain-machine interfaces (BMI). However, how a delayed response of cursor control in BMI systems should be handled is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how participants responded to delayed cursor control. Six subjects participated in the experiment and performed a wrist-bending task. For three distinct delay intervals (an interval where participants could not perceive the delay, an interval where participants could not be sure whether there was a delay or not, and an interval where participants could perceive the delay), we assessed two types of binary classifications (“Yes + No” vs. “I don't know” and “Yes” vs. “No”) based on participants' responses and applied delay times (thus, four types of classification, overall). For most participants, the “Yes vs. No” classification had higher accuracy than “Yes + No” vs. “I don't know” classification. For the “Yes + No” vs. “I don't know” classification, most participants displayed higher accuracy based on response classification than delay classification. Our results demonstrate that a class only for “I don't know” largely contributed to these differences. Many independent components (ICs) that exhibited high accuracy in “Yes + No” vs. “I don't know” response classification were associated with activation of areas from the frontal to parietal lobes, while many ICs that showed high accuracy in the “Yes vs. No” classification were associated with activation of an area ranging from the parietal to the occipital lobes and were more broadly localized in cortical regions than was seen for the “Yes + No” vs. “I don't know” classification. Our results suggest that small and large delays in real-time cursor control differ not only in the magnitude of the delay but should be handled as distinct information in different ways and might involve differential processing in the brain.
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Banich MT. The Stroop Effect Occurs at Multiple Points Along a Cascade of Control: Evidence From Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2164. [PMID: 31681058 PMCID: PMC6797819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article argues that the Stroop effect can be generated at a variety of stages from stimulus input to response selection. As such, there are multiple loci at which the Stroop effect occurs. Evidence for this viewpoint is provided by a review of neuroimaging studies that were specifically designed to isolate levels of interference in the Stroop task and the underlying neural systems that work to control the effects of interference at those levels. In particular, the evidence suggests that lateral prefrontal regions work to bias processing toward the task-relevant dimension of a Stroop stimulus (e.g., its color) and away from the task-irrelevant dimension (e.g., the meaning of the word). Medial prefrontal regions, in contrast, tend to be more involved in response-related and late-stage aspects of control. Importantly, it is argued that this control occurs in a cascade-like manner, such that the degree of control that is exerted at earlier stages influences the degree of control that needs to be exerted at later stages. As such, the degree of behavioral interference that is observed is the culmination of processing in specific brain regions as well as their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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Abstract
Many studies suggest that social punishment is beneficial for cooperation and consequently maintaining the social norms in society. Neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies show that the brain regions which respond to violations of social norms, the understanding of the mind of others and the executive functions, are involved during social punishment. Despite the rising number of studies on social punishment, the concordant map of activations - the set of key regions responsible for the general brain response to social punishment - is still unknown. By using coordinate-based fMRI meta-analysis, the present study examined the concordant map of neural activations associated with various social punishment tasks. A total of 17 articles with 18 contrasts including 383 participants, equalling 191 foci were included in activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis. The majority of the studies (61%) employed the widely used neuroeconomic paradigms, such as fairness-related norm tasks (Ultimatum Game, third-party punishment game), while the remaining tasks reported criminal scenarios evaluation and social rejection tasks. The analysis revealed concordant activation in the bilateral claustrum, right interior frontal and left superior frontal gyri. This study provides an integrative view on brain responses to social punishment.
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Chen Y, Huang X, Wu M, Li K, Hu X, Jiang P, Chen L, He N, Dai J, Wang S, He M, Guo L, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Disrupted brain functional networks in drug-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder assessed using graph theory analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4877-4887. [PMID: 31361385 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed functional brain network abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results have been inconsistent, potentially related to confounding medication effects. Furthermore, specific topological alterations in functional networks and their role in behavioral inhibition dysfunction remain to be established. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 51 drug-naïve children with ADHD and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding the partial correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, and graph theory was used to analyze network topological properties. The Stroop test was used to assess cognitive inhibitory abilities. Nonparametric permutation tests were used to compare the topological architectures in the two groups. Compared with healthy subjects, brain networks in ADHD patients demonstrated altered topological characteristics, including lower global (FDR q = 0.01) and local efficiency (p = 0.032, uncorrected) and a longer path length (FDR q = 0.01). Lower nodal efficiencies were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group (FDR both q < 0.05). Altered global and nodal topological efficiencies were associated with the severity of inhibitory cognitive control deficits and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD (p <0 .05). Alterations in network topologies in drug-naïve ADHD patients indicate weaker small-worldization with decreased segregation and integration of functional brain networks. Deficits in the cingulo-fronto-parietal attention network were associated with inhibitory control deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manxi He
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanting Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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38
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Imhof MF, Rüsseler J. Performance Monitoring and Correct Response Significance in Conscientious Individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:239. [PMID: 31354456 PMCID: PMC6637316 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is sufficient evidence to believe that variations in the error-related negativity (ERN) are linked to dispositional characteristics in individuals. However, explanations of individual differences in the amplitude of the ERN cannot be derived from functional theories of the ERN. The ERN has a counterpart that occurs after correct responses (correct-response negativity, CRN). Based on the assumption that ERN and CRN reflect an identical cognitive process, variations in CRN might be associated with dispositional characteristics as well. Higher CRN amplitudes have been found to reflect task engagement. In the present study, a simple-choice-reaction task was used to investigate ERN and CRN amplitudes in relation to their score on a conscientiousness scale. The task consisted of a simple rule that required pressing the left or right key when a circle or square appeared, respectively. During alternative conditions that occur infrequently, participants were instructed to violate or reverse the previously established response rules. Smaller ΔERN amplitudes (manifested in almost equal CRN and ERN amplitudes) and a tendency of better task performance from participants scoring high on the conscientiousness scale might indicate a greater focus on the task and higher motivation of responding correctly. In addition, higher Pc amplitudes directly following the CRN indicated that the response monitoring system of less conscientious participants showed a higher disengagement. The role of individual differences in CRN amplitude should be studied in future experiments on performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Imhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Jascha Rüsseler
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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39
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Deng Y, Gu N, Parviainen T, Zhou C. Predicting domain-specific actions in expert table tennis players activates the semantic brain network. Neuroimage 2019; 200:482-489. [PMID: 31284027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor expertise acquired during long-term training in sports enables top athletes to predict the outcomes of domain-specific actions better than nonexperts do. However, whether expert players encode actions, in addition to the concrete sensorimotor level, also at a more abstract, conceptual level, remains unclear. The present study manipulated the congruence between body kinematics and the subsequent ball trajectory in videos of an expert player performing table tennis serves. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the brain activity was evaluated in expert and nonexpert table tennis players during their predictions on the fate of the ball trajectory in congruent versus incongruent videos. Compared with novices, expert players showed greater activation in the sensorimotor areas (right precentral and postcentral gyri) in the comparison between incongruent vs. congruent videos. They also showed greater activation in areas related to semantic processing: the posterior inferior parietal lobe (angular gyrus), middle temporal gyrus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate that action anticipation in expert table tennis players engages both semantic and sensorimotor regions and suggests that skilled action observation in sports utilizes predictions both at motor-kinematic and conceptual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- School of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Nan Gu
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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40
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Emotional prosody Stroop effect in Hindi: An event related potential study. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019. [PMID: 31196434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Prosody processing is an important aspect of language comprehension. Previous research on emotional word-prosody conflict has shown that participants are worse when emotional prosody and word meaning are incongruent. Studies with event-related potentials have shown a congruency effect in N400 component. There has been no study on emotional processing in Hindi language in the context of conflict between emotional word meaning and prosody. We used happy and angry words spoken using happy and angry prosody. Participants had to identify whether the word had a happy or angry word meaning. The results showed a congruency effect with worse performance in incongruent trials indicating an emotional Stroop effect in Hindi. The ERP results showed that prosody information is detected very early, which can be seen in the N1 component. In addition, there was a congruency effect in N400. The results show that prosody is processed very early and emotional meaning-prosody congruency effect is obtained with Hindi. Further studies would be needed to investigate similarities and differences in cognitive control associated with language processing.
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41
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Trujillo-Rodríguez D, Faymonville ME, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Demertzi A. Hypnosis for cingulate-mediated analgesia and disease treatment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 166:327-339. [PMID: 31731920 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypnosis is a technique that induces changes in perceptual experience through response to specific suggestions. By means of functional neuroimaging, a large body of clinical and experimental studies has shown that hypnotic processes modify internal (self-awareness) as well as external (environmental awareness) brain networks. Objective quantifications of this kind permit the characterization of cerebral changes after hypnotic induction and its uses in the clinical setting. Hypnosedation is one such application, as it combines hypnosis with local anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. The power of this technique lies in the avoidance of general anesthesia and its potential complications that emerge during and after surgery. Hypnosedation is associated with improved intraoperative comfort and reduced perioperative anxiety and pain. It ensures a faster recovery of the patient and diminishes the intraoperative requirements for sedative or analgesic drugs. Mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain perception under hypnotic conditions involve cortical and subcortical areas, mainly the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices as well as the basal ganglia and thalami. In that respect, hypnosis-induced analgesia is an effective and highly cost-effective alternative to sedation during surgery and symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Physiology of Cognition Research Lab, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M-E Faymonville
- Algology Department, Liège University Hospital and Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - A Vanhaudenhuyse
- Algology Department, Liège University Hospital and Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Demertzi
- Physiology of Cognition Research Lab, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
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42
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Embury CM, Wiesman AI, McDermott TJ, Proskovec AL, Heinrichs-Graham E, Lord GH, Brau KL, Drincic AT, Desouza CV, Wilson TW. The impact of type 1 diabetes on neural activity serving attention. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1093-1100. [PMID: 30368968 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has been associated with alterations in attentional processing and other cognitive functions, and previous studies have found alterations in both brain structure and function in affected patients. However, these previous neuroimaging studies have generally examined older patients, particularly those with major comorbidities known to affect functioning independent of diabetes. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the neural dynamics of selective attention processing in a young group of patients with type 1 diabetes who were otherwise healthy (i.e., without major comorbidities). Our hypothesis was that these patients would exhibit significant aberrations in attention circuitry relative to closely matched controls. The final sample included 69 participants age 19-35 years old, 35 with type 1 diabetes and 34 matched nondiabetic controls, who completed an Eriksen flanker task while undergoing magnetoencephalography. Significant group differences in flanker interference activity were found across a network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate, inferior parietal cortices, paracentral lobule, and the left precentral gyrus. In addition, neural activity in the anterior cingulate and the paracentral lobule was correlated with disease duration in patients with type 1 diabetes. These findings suggest that alterations in the neural circuitry underlying selective attention emerge early in the disease process and are specifically related to type 1 diabetes and not common comorbidities. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies in large cohorts to clarify the clinical implications of type 1 diabetes on cognition and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Embury
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Timothy J McDermott
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy L Proskovec
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Grace H Lord
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kaitlin L Brau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Andjela T Drincic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cyrus V Desouza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska
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43
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Shared gray matter reductions across alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in the anterior cingulate cortex: A dual meta-analysis. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 10:100132. [PMID: 30627600 PMCID: PMC6302237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The considerable comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) poses a greater public health burden than either condition alone. Although there is a substantial body of evidence linking the direct neurotoxic effect of heavy drinking to gray matter (GM) deficits, as well as a growing body of literature supporting a strong association between PTSD and GM alterations, there is scant research interrogating the direct interaction of the two disorders. In order to generate data-driven, specific hypotheses regarding the overlapping neural substrates of PTSD and AUD, we conducted a meta-analysis of GM volumes in each disorder relative to healthy control subjects. We found shared GM deficits in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) across both disorders relative to healthy control participants. These findings suggest that reduced volumes of the ACC across PTSD and AUD may have implications for the development, expression, or treatment of symptoms linked to these frequently co-existing disorders. Recommendations are made for future work aimed at delineating the specific and shared effects of traumatic stress and alcoholism on neural integrity.
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44
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Lo SL. A meta-analytic review of the event-related potentials (ERN and N2) in childhood and adolescence: Providing a developmental perspective on the conflict monitoring theory. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Boschin EA, Brkic MM, Simons JS, Buckley MJ. Distinct Roles for the Anterior Cingulate and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices During Conflict Between Abstract Rules. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:34-45. [PMID: 28365775 PMCID: PMC5939207 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct patterns of activity within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) reported in neuroimaging studies during tasks involving conflict between competing responses have often been cited as evidence for their key contributions to conflict-monitoring and behavioral adaptation, respectively. However, supporting evidence from neuropsychological patients has been scarce and contradictory. We administered a well-studied analog of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, designed to elicit conflict between 2 abstract rules, to a cohort of 6 patients with damage to ACC or dlPFC. Patients who had sustained more significant damage to the ACC were not impaired either on a measure of "conflict cost" nor on measures of "conflict-induced behavioral adaptation." In contrast, damage to dlPFC did not affect the conflict cost measure but abolished the patients' ability to adapt their behavior following exposure to conflict, compared with controls. This pattern of results complements the findings from nonhuman primates with more circumscribed lesions to ACC or dlPFC on the same task and provides converging evidence that ACC is not necessary for performance when conflict is elicited between 2 abstract rules, whereas dlPFC plays a fundamental role in behavioral adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Boschin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Merima M Brkic
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mark J Buckley
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
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46
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On the influence of informational content and key-response effect mapping on implicit learning and error monitoring in the serial reaction time (SRT) task. Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:259-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Chun JW, Choi J, Kim JY, Cho H, Ahn KJ, Nam JH, Choi JS, Kim DJ. Altered brain activity and the effect of personality traits in excessive smartphone use during facial emotion processing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12156. [PMID: 28939856 PMCID: PMC5610339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use is a phenomenon related to maladaptive smartphone use, leading to negative consequences. This study set out with the aim of assessing the effects of excessive smartphone use on behavioral and neural responses during facial emotional processing. We examined 25 excessive smartphone users and 27 normal control users using functional MRI during facial emotion processing and investigated Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS). The excessive smartphone use group (SP) showed neural deactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during the presentation of an angry face and emotional transition compared to that of the normal control group (NC). Additionally, the SP revealed neural deactivation of the superior temporal sulcus and temporo-parietal junction related to social interaction during emotional transition compared to the NC. We found that BAS-Reward Responsiveness level was correlated with behavioral responses during repeated happy faces related to emotional reward in SP compared to NC. It can thus be suggested that excessive smartphone use is likely to fail on cognitive control during emotional processing, and this impairment might be influenced on emotional processing related to social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Nam
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Gavazzi G, Orsolini S, Rossi A, Bianchi A, Bartolini E, Nicolai E, Soricelli A, Aiello M, Diciotti S, Viggiano MP, Mascalchi M. Alexithymic trait is associated with right IFG and pre-SMA activation in non-emotional response inhibition in healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:150-154. [PMID: 28827128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Event-related fMRI studies have explored emotion inhibitory processes in alexithymic individuals and have demonstrated abnormal BOLD activations in the processing of emotional stimuli. So far, no study has explored the relationship between the alexithymic trait and the general inhibition process, namely utilizing stimuli devoid of emotional valence. In this study 26 healthy subjects were administered the Toronto Alexithymic Scale (TAS-20) questionnaire to measure the alexithymic trait and performed an event related Go/Nogo task build up with letters during fMRI acquisition. We found no correlation between the TAS-20 z-score and the reaction times during the Go/Nogo task. Conversely, we observed a positive correlation between the degree of alexithymic trait -measured with the TAS-20 and the Nogo-Go activation of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and the right pre-Supplementary Motor Area. These data suggest that the general process of response inhibition may be modulated by the individual degree of alexithymic trait. We propose that such a relationship could reflect a compensatory mechanism implemented by participants with higher degree of alexithymic trait to reach a correct inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Gavazzi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Orsolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aiello
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- "Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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49
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Adamczyk P, Wyczesany M, Domagalik A, Daren A, Cepuch K, Błądziński P, Cechnicki A, Marek T. Neural circuit of verbal humor comprehension in schizophrenia - an fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:525-540. [PMID: 28652967 PMCID: PMC5473647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit problems with understanding the figurative meaning of language. This study evaluates neural correlates of diminished humor comprehension observed in schizophrenia. The study included chronic schizophrenia (SCH) outpatients (n = 20), and sex, age and education level matched healthy controls (n = 20). The fMRI punchline based humor comprehension task consisted of 60 stories of which 20 had funny, 20 nonsensical and 20 neutral (not funny) punchlines. After the punchlines were presented, the participants were asked to indicate whether the story was comprehensible and how funny it was. Three contrasts were analyzed in both groups reflecting stages of humor processing: abstract vs neutral stories - incongruity detection; funny vs abstract - incongruity resolution and elaboration; and funny vs neutral - complete humor processing. Additionally, parametric modulation analysis was performed using both subjective ratings separately. Between-group comparisons revealed that the SCH subjects had attenuated activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (BA 41) in case of irresolvable incongruity processing of nonsensical puns; in the left dorsomedial middle and superior frontal gyri (BA 8/9) in case of incongruity resolution and elaboration processing of funny puns; and in the interhemispheric dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24) in case of complete processing of funny puns. Additionally, during comprehensibility ratings the SCH group showed a suppressed activity in the left dorsomedial middle and superior frontal gyri (BA 8/9) and revealed weaker activation during funniness ratings in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24). Interestingly, these differences in the SCH group were accompanied behaviorally by a protraction of time in both types of rating responses and by indicating funny punchlines less comprehensible. Summarizing, our results indicate neural substrates of humor comprehension processing impairments in schizophrenia, which is accompanied by fronto-temporal hypoactivation.
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Key Words
- ABS, absurd/nonsensical punchline
- ACC, anterior cingulate cortex
- BA, Brodmann's area
- CON, healthy controls/control group
- Communication skills
- EEG, electroencephalography
- ERPs, EEG event-related potentials
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- FUN, funny punchline
- FWHM, full-width-at-half-maximum
- Figurative meaning
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging
- GLM, general linear model
- Humor
- IFG, inferior frontal gyrus
- IPL, Inferior Parietal Lobule
- ISI, interstimulus-interval
- L, left hemisphere
- MFG, medial frontal gyrus
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates
- MOG, middle occipital gyrus
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTG, middle temporal gyrus
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NEU, neutral/unfunny punchline
- PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- R, right hemisphere
- RHLB, Right Hemisphere Language Battery
- RT, reaction time
- SCH, schizophrenia outpatients/clinical group
- SD, standard deviations
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SFG, Superior Frontal Gyrus
- SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony
- STG, superior temporal gyrus
- Schizophrenia
- TP, temporal pole
- TPJ, temporoparietal junction
- ToM, theory of mind.
- dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
- dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- dmMFG, dorsomedial Middle Frontal Gyrus
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy
- k, number of voxels in analyzed cluster size
- ns, non-significant group difference
- pSTG, posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus
- sLORETA, standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Adamczyk
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Neurobiology Department, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Daren
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Cepuch
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Błądziński
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cechnicki
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Psychosis Research and Psychotherapy Unit, Association for the Development of Psychiatry and Community Care, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Neurobiology Department, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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50
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Electrophysiological evidence for attentional capture by irrelevant angry facial expressions: Naturalistic faces. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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