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Zhu C, Wang D, Chang C, Liu A, Zhou J, Yang T, Jiang Y, Li X, Jiang W. Dexmedetomidine alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by suppressing JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:239-252. [PMID: 38682172 PMCID: PMC11058545 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine displays multiple mechanisms of neuroprotection in ameliorating ischemic brain injury. In this study, we explored the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h to establish a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine (9 g/kg) was administered to rats 30 min after MCAO through intravenous injection, and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 200 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before MCAO. Brain damages were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and brain water content assessment. BBB permeability was examined by Evans blue staining. Expression levels of claudin-5, zonula occludens-1, occludin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as well as M1/M2 phenotypes-associated markers were assessed using immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine inflammatory cytokine levels. We found that dexmedetomidine or SB203580 attenuated infarct volume, brain edema, BBB permeability, and neuroinflammation, and promoted M2 microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Increased MMP-9 activity by ischemia/reperfusion injury was inhibited by dexmedetomidine or SB203580. Dexmedetomidine inhibited the activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, activation of JNK or p38 MAPK reversed the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against ischemic brain injury. Overall, dexmedetomidine ameliorated brain injury by alleviating BBB permeability and promoting M2 polarization in experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model by inhibiting the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Peopleʼs Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China
| | - Dili Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Peopleʼs Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Peopleʼs Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China
| | - Aofei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Peopleʼs Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Weijian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Veth TS, Kannegieter NM, de Graaf EL, Ruijtenbeek R, Joore J, Ressa A, Altelaar M. Innovative strategies for measuring kinase activity to accelerate the next wave of novel kinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103907. [PMID: 38301799 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) has gained significance owing to their therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer. In addition, there has been a rise in refining kinase activity assays, each possessing unique biological and analytical characteristics crucial for PKI development. However, the PKI development pipeline experiences high attrition rates and approved PKIs exhibit unexploited potential because of variable patient responses. Enhancing PKI development efficiency involves addressing challenges related to understanding the PKI mechanism of action and employing biomarkers for precision medicine. Selecting appropriate kinase activity assays for these challenges can overcome these attrition rate issues. This review delves into the current obstacles in kinase inhibitor development and elucidates kinase activity assays that can provide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik L de Graaf
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Joore
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Ressa
- Pepscope, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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3
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Hou Z, Liu H. Mapping the Protein Kinome: Current Strategy and Future Direction. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060925. [PMID: 36980266 PMCID: PMC10047437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinome includes over 500 different protein kinases, which form an integrated kinase network that regulates cellular phosphorylation signals. The kinome plays a central role in almost every cellular process and has strong linkages with many diseases. Thus, the evaluation of the cellular kinome in the physiological environment is essential to understand biological processes, disease development, and to target therapy. Currently, a number of strategies for kinome analysis have been developed, which are based on monitoring the phosphorylation of kinases or substrates. They have enabled researchers to tackle increasingly complex biological problems and pathological processes, and have promoted the development of kinase inhibitors. Additionally, with the increasing interest in how kinases participate in biological processes at spatial scales, it has become urgent to develop tools to estimate spatial kinome activity. With multidisciplinary efforts, a growing number of novel approaches have the potential to be applied to spatial kinome analysis. In this paper, we review the widely used methods used for kinome analysis and the challenges encountered in their applications. Meanwhile, potential approaches that may be of benefit to spatial kinome study are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- School of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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4
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Dan Y, Radic N, Gay M, Fernández-Torras A, Arauz G, Vilaseca M, Aloy P, Canovas B, Nebreda A. Characterization of p38α signaling networks in cancer cells using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100527. [PMID: 36894123 PMCID: PMC10105487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
p38α (encoded by MAPK14) is a protein kinase that regulates cellular responses to almost all types of environmental and intracellular stresses. Upon activation, p38α phosphorylates many substrates both in the cytoplasm and nucleus, allowing this pathway to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. While the role of p38α in the stress response has been widely investigated, its implication in cell homeostasis is less understood. To investigate the signaling networks regulated by p38α in proliferating cancer cells, we performed quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses in breast cancer cells in which this pathway had been either genetically targeted or chemically inhibited. Our study identified with high confidence 35 proteins and 82 phosphoproteins (114 phosphosites) that are modulated by p38α, and highlighted the implication of various protein kinases, including MK2 and mTOR, in the p38α-regulated signaling networks. Moreover, functional analyses revealed an important contribution of p38α to the regulation of cell adhesion, DNA replication and RNA metabolism. Indeed, we provide experimental evidence supporting that p38α facilitates cancer cell adhesion, and showed that this p38α function is likely mediated by the modulation of the adaptor protein ArgBP2. Collectively, our results illustrate the complexity of the p38α regulated signaling networks, provide valuable information on p38α-dependent phosphorylation events in cancer cells, and document a mechanism by which p38α can regulate cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Dan
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nevenka Radic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Gay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Fernández-Torras
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianluca Arauz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilaseca
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - AngelR Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Mitchell S, Moorhead GB, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Affinity-based profiling of endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatases by mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4919-4943. [PMID: 34518704 PMCID: PMC8822503 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) execute >90% of serine/threonine dephosphorylation in cells and tissues. While the role of PPPs in cell biology and diseases such as cancer, cardiac hypertrophy and Alzheimer's disease is well established, the molecular mechanisms governing and governed by PPPs still await discovery. Here we describe a chemical proteomic strategy, phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS), that enables the identification and quantification of PPPs and their posttranslational modifications in as little as 12 h. Using a specific but nonselective PPP inhibitor immobilized on beads, PIB-MS enables the efficient affinity-capture, identification and quantification of endogenous PPPs and associated proteins ('PPPome') from cells and tissues. PIB-MS captures functional, endogenous PPP subunit interactions and enables discovery of new binding partners. It performs PPP enrichment without exogenous expression of tagged proteins or specific antibodies. Because PPPs are among the most conserved proteins across evolution, PIB-MS can be employed in any cell line, tissue or organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sierra Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg B Moorhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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6
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Traub B, Roth A, Kornmann M, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4963-4984. [PMID: 34497429 PMCID: PMC8384741 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with high incidence and poor survival rates. With the aim to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Protein kinases are key regulatory players in basically all stages of development, maintaining physiologic functions but also being involved in pathogenic processes. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 kinases, representatives of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of protein kinases are important mediators of adequate response to cellular stress following inflammatory and metabolic stressors, DNA damage, and others. In their physiologic roles, they are responsible for the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the underlying pathways consequently has been identified in various cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. Pharmacological targeting of those pathways has been the field of interest for several years. While success in earlier studies was limited due to lacking specificity and off-target effects, more recent improvements in small molecule inhibitor design against stress-activated protein kinases and their use in combination therapies have shown promising in vitro results. Consequently, targeting of JNK, p38, and CK1 protein kinase family members may actually be of particular interest in the field of precision medicine in patients with highly deregulated kinase pathways related to these kinases. However, further studies are warranted, especially involving in vivo investigation and clinical trials, in order to advance inhibition of stress-activated kinases to the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Traub
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
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7
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Budikhina AS, Murugina NE, Maximchik PV, Dagil YA, Nikolaeva AM, Balyasova LS, Murugin VV, Selezneva EM, Pashchenkova YG, Chkadua GZ, Pinegin BV, Pashenkov MV. Interplay between NOD1 and TLR4 Receptors in Macrophages: Nonsynergistic Activation of Signaling Pathways Results in Synergistic Induction of Proinflammatory Gene Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2206-2220. [PMID: 33846227 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pattern-recognition receptors shape innate immune responses to pathogens. NOD1 and TLR4 are synergistically interacting receptors playing a pivotal role in the recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. However, mechanisms of their cooperation are poorly understood. It is unclear whether synergy is produced at the level of signaling pathways downstream of NOD1 and TLR4 or at more distal levels such as gene transcription. We analyzed sequential stages of human macrophage activation by a combination of NOD1 and TLR4 agonists (N-acetyl-d-muramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid [M-triDAP] and LPS, respectively). We show that events preceding or not requiring activation of transcription, such as activation of signaling kinases, rapid boost of glycolysis, and most importantly, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, are regulated nonsynergistically. However, at the output of the nucleus, the combination of M-triDAP and LPS synergistically induces expression of a subset of M-triDAP- and LPS-inducible genes, particularly those encoding proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL12B, and IL23A). This synergistic response develops between 1 and 4 h of agonist treatment and requires continuous signaling through NOD1. The synergistically regulated genes have a lower basal expression and higher inducibility at 4 h than those regulated nonsynergistically. Both gene subsets include NF-κB-inducible genes. Therefore, activation of the NF-κB pathway does not explain synergistic gene induction, implying involvement of other transcription factors. Inhibition of IKKβ or p38 MAPK lowers agonist-induced TNF mRNA expression but does not abolish synergy. Thus, nonsynergistic activation of NOD1- and TLR4-dependent signaling pathways results in the synergistic induction of a proinflammatory transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Budikhina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina E Murugina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina V Maximchik
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Dagil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Nikolaeva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Lyudmila S Balyasova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Murugin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yulia G Pashchenkova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Z Chkadua
- Laboratory of Experimental Diagnostics and Biotherapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Pinegin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Pashenkov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia;
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8
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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McGill MM, Sabikunnahar B, Fang Q, Teuscher C, Krementsov DN. The sex-specific role of p38 MAP kinase in CNS autoimmunity is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 342:577209. [PMID: 32200131 PMCID: PMC8978838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex is a critical factor in regulating immune function. A striking example of this is the higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and lupus in females compared to males. While many studies have implicated the role of sex hormones such as estrogens and androgens in these sex differences, surprisingly little is known about other molecular pathways that underlie sex differences or interact with sex hormones. We have previously shown that conditional ablation of p38α MAP kinase signaling in myeloid cells (p38αCKO) was protective in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in female but not male mice. This sex difference was dependent on the presence of sex hormones, leading us to hypothesize that the pathogenic function of p38α in EAE depends on estrogen signaling via one of the two nuclear estrogen receptors, encoded by Esr1 and Esr2 . To test this hypothesis, we performed experiments with p38αCKO macrophages, which demonstrated that the effects of estradiol and p38α were independent of one another in vitro . Since many sex hormone effects are lost in vitro, we generated p38αCKO mice lacking either Esr1 or Esr2 , and evaluated their EAE susceptibility in vivo . Myeloid-specific deletion of Esr1 abrogated protection in p38αCKO females, although global deletion of Esr1 and Esr2 did not. Moreover, global or myeloid-specific disruption of Esr1 unexpectedly promoted protection from EAE in p38αCKO males. Mechanistically, Esr1 deletion resulted in partial reprogramming of p38α-dependent transcriptional modules in male macrophages, in particular those regulated by TGFβ, BRD4, and SMARCA4. These results demonstrate that estrogen signaling in myeloid cells plays an important sex-specific role in programming their dependence on specific intracellular signaling pathways in the context of autoimmune disease pathogenesis, suggesting potential avenues for sex-specific therapeutics or combinatorial approaches for the treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Bristy Sabikunnahar
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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10
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Palve V, Liao Y, Remsing Rix LL, Rix U. Turning liabilities into opportunities: Off-target based drug repurposing in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:209-229. [PMID: 32044472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drugs and precision medicine have transformed the landscape of cancer therapy and significantly improved patient outcomes in many cases. However, as therapies are becoming more and more tailored to smaller patient populations and acquired resistance is limiting the duration of clinical responses, there is an ever increasing demand for new drugs, which is not easily met considering steadily rising drug attrition rates and development costs. Considering these challenges drug repurposing is an attractive complementary approach to traditional drug discovery that can satisfy some of these needs. This is facilitated by the fact that most targeted drugs, despite their implicit connotation, are not singularly specific, but rather display a wide spectrum of target selectivity. Importantly, some of the unintended drug "off-targets" are known anticancer targets in their own right. Others are becoming recognized as such in the process of elucidating off-target mechanisms that in fact are responsible for a drug's anticancer activity, thereby revealing potentially new cancer vulnerabilities. Harnessing such beneficial off-target effects can therefore lead to novel and promising precision medicine approaches. Here, we will discuss experimental and computational methods that are employed to specifically develop single target and network-based off-target repurposing strategies, for instance with drug combinations or polypharmacology drugs. By illustrating concrete examples that have led to clinical translation we will furthermore examine the various scientific and non-scientific factors that cumulatively determine the success of these efforts and thus can inform the future development of new and potentially lifesaving off-target based drug repurposing strategies for cancers that constitute important unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Palve
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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11
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Friman T. Mass spectrometry-based Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA®) for target deconvolution in phenotypic drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Johnson EO, Hung DT. A Point of Inflection and Reflection on Systems Chemical Biology. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2497-2511. [PMID: 31613592 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the past several decades, chemical biologists have been leveraging chemical principles for understanding biology, tackling disease, and biomanufacturing, while systems biologists have holistically applied computation and genome-scale experimental tools to the same problems. About a decade ago, the benefit of combining the philosophies of chemical biology with systems biology into systems chemical biology was advocated, with the potential to systematically understand the way small molecules affect biological systems. Recently, there has been an explosion in new technologies that permit massive expansion in the scale of biological experimentation, increase access to more diverse chemical space, and enable powerful computational interpretation of large datasets. Fueled by these rapidly increasing capabilities, systems chemical biology is now at an inflection point, poised to enter a new era of more holistic and integrated scientific discovery. Systems chemical biology is primed to reveal an integrated understanding of fundamental biology and to discover new chemical probes to comprehensively dissect and systematically understand that biology, thereby providing a path to novel strategies for discovering therapeutics, designing drug combinations, avoiding toxicity, and harnessing beneficial polypharmacology. In this Review, we examine the emergence of new capabilities driving us to this inflection point in systems chemical biology, and highlight holistic approaches and opportunities that are arising from integrating chemical biology with a systems-level understanding of the intersection of biology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eachan O. Johnson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Deborah T. Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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13
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Deredge D, Wintrode PL, Tulapurkar ME, Nagarsekar A, Zhang Y, Weber DJ, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. A temperature-dependent conformational shift in p38α MAPK substrate-binding region associated with changes in substrate phosphorylation profile. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12624-12637. [PMID: 31213525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile-range hyperthermia worsens and hypothermia mitigates lung injury, and temperature dependence of lung injury is blunted by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of the two predominant p38 isoforms, p38α is proinflammatory and p38β is cytoprotective. Here, we analyzed the temperature dependence of p38 MAPK activation, substrate interaction, and tertiary structure. Incubating HeLa cells at 39.5 °C stimulated modest p38 activation, but did not alter tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced p38 activation. In in vitro kinase assays containing activated p38α and MAPK-activated kinase-2 (MK2), MK2 phosphorylation was 14.5-fold greater at 39.5 °C than at 33 °C. By comparison, we observed only 3.1- and 1.9-fold differences for activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1α (STAT1α) and a 7.7-fold difference for p38β phosphorylation of MK2. The temperature dependence of p38α:substrate binding affinity, as measured by surface plasmon resonance, paralleled substrate phosphorylation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS (HDX-MS) of p38α performed at 33, 37, and 39.5 °C indicated temperature-dependent conformational changes in an α helix near the common docking and glutamate:aspartate substrate-binding domains at the known binding site for MK2. In contrast, HDX-MS analysis of p38β did not detect significant temperature-dependent conformational changes in this region. We observed no conformational changes in the catalytic domain of either isoform and no corresponding temperature dependence in the C-terminal p38α-interacting region of MK2. Because MK2 participates in the pathogenesis of lung injury, the observed changes in the structure and function of proinflammatory p38α may contribute to the temperature dependence of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Patrick L Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ashish Nagarsekar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - David J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 .,Medicine and Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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14
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Del Gaudio F, Pollastro F, Mozzicafreddo M, Riccio R, Minassi A, Monti MC. Chemoproteomic fishing identifies arzanol as a positive modulator of brain glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12863-12866. [PMID: 30375590 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The interactome of arzanol was investigated by MS-based chemical proteomics, a pioneering technology for small molecule target discovery. Brain glycogen phosphorylase (bGP), a key regulator of glucose metabolism so far refractory to small molecule modulation, was identified as the main high-affinity target of arzanol. Competitive affinity-based proteomics, DARTS, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance and in vitro biological assays provided molecular mechanistic insights into the arzanol-enzyme interaction, qualifying this positive modulator of bGP for further studies in the realm of neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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15
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Kaur U, Meng H, Lui F, Ma R, Ogburn RN, Johnson JHR, Fitzgerald MC, Jones LM. Proteome-Wide Structural Biology: An Emerging Field for the Structural Analysis of Proteins on the Proteomic Scale. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3614-3627. [PMID: 30222357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a suite of new mass-spectrometry-based proteomics methods has been developed that now enables the conformational properties of proteins and protein-ligand complexes to be studied in complex biological mixtures, from cell lysates to intact cells. Highlighted here are seven of the techniques in this new toolbox. These techniques include chemical cross-linking (XL-MS), hydroxyl radical footprinting (HRF), Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS), Limited Proteolysis (LiP), Pulse Proteolysis (PP), Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX), and Thermal Proteome Profiling (TPP). The above techniques all rely on conventional bottom-up proteomics strategies for peptide sequencing and protein identification. However, they have required the development of unconventional proteomic data analysis strategies. Discussed here are the current technical challenges associated with these different data analysis strategies as well as the relative analytical capabilities of the different techniques. The new biophysical capabilities that the above techniques bring to bear on proteomic research are also highlighted in the context of several different application areas in which these techniques have been used, including the study of protein ligand binding interactions (e.g., protein target discovery studies and protein interaction network analyses) and the characterization of biological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - He Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0346 , United States
| | | | - Renze Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0346 , United States
| | - Ryenne N Ogburn
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0346 , United States
| | - Julia H R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0346 , United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0346 , United States
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
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16
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Lyons SP, Jenkins NP, Nasa I, Choy MS, Adamo ME, Page R, Peti W, Moorhead GB, Kettenbach AN. A Quantitative Chemical Proteomic Strategy for Profiling Phosphoprotein Phosphatases from Yeast to Humans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2448-2461. [PMID: 30228194 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A "tug-of-war" between kinases and phosphatases establishes the phosphorylation states of proteins. While serine and threonine phosphorylation can be catalyzed by more than 400 protein kinases, the majority of serine and threonine dephosphorylation is carried out by seven phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs). The PPP family consists of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1), 2A (PP2A), 2B (PP2B), 4 (PP4), 5 (PP5), 6 (PP6), and 7 (PP7). The imbalance in numbers between serine- and threonine-directed kinases and phosphatases led to the early belief that PPPs are unspecific and that kinases are the primary determinants of protein phosphorylation. However, it is now clear that PPPs achieve specificity through association with noncatalytic subunits to form multimeric holoenzymes, which expands the number of functionally distinct signaling entities to several hundred. Although there has been great progress in deciphering signaling by kinases, much less is known about phosphatases.We have developed a chemical proteomic strategy for the systematic interrogation of endogenous PPP catalytic subunits and their interacting proteins, including regulatory and scaffolding subunits (the "PPPome"). PP1, PP2A, PP4, PP5, and PP6 were captured using an immobilized, specific but nonselective PPP inhibitor microcystin-LR (MCLR), followed by protein identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in a single analysis. Here, we combine this approach of phosphatase inhibitor bead profiling and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS) with label-free and tandem mass tag (TMT) quantification to map the PPPome in human cancer cell lines, mouse tissues, and yeast species, through which we identify cell- and tissue-type-specific PPP expression patterns and discover new PPP interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Nicole P Jenkins
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Meng S Choy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mark E Adamo
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Greg B Moorhead
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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17
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Chung SH, Biswas S, Sohn J, Jiang P, Dehghan S, Marzban H, Deng W. The p38α MAPK Deletion in Oligodendroglia does not Attenuate Myelination Defects in a Mouse Model of Periventricular Leukomalacia. Neuroscience 2018; 386:175-181. [PMID: 29966722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a severe type of white matter damage in premature infants and the most common cause of cerebral palsy. It is generally known to be caused by hypoxia and inflammation. Currently there is no effective treatment available, in part due to that the pathogenesis of the disease has not been well understood. The p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is the serine/threonine kinase and several in vitro studies demonstrated that p38 MAPK is essential for oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination. Indeed, our nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-specific oligodendroglial p38α MAPK conditional knockout (CKO) mice revealed its complex roles in myelination and remyelination. To identify the specific in vivo roles of oligodendroglial p38α MAPK in PVL, we generated a mouse PVL model by combination of LPS-mediated inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia in NG2-p38α MAPK CKO mice. Our results demonstrate that a selective deletion of p38α MAPK in oligodendrocyte did not attenuate myelination defects in the mouse model of PVL. Myelination phenotype revealed by MBP immunostaining was not significantly affected in the p38α MAPK CKO mice compared to the wildtype after PVL induction. The electron microscopic images demonstrated that the microstructure of myelin structures was not significantly different between the wild-type and p38α MAPK CKO mice. In addition, oligodendrocyte degeneration in the corpus callosum white matter area was unaffected in the p38α MAPK CKO during and after the PVL induction. These data indicate that p38α MAPK in oligodendrocyte has minimal effect on myelination and oligodendrocyte survival in the mouse PVL model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung H Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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18
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Kasuya Y, Umezawa H, Hatano M. Stress-Activated Protein Kinases in Spinal Cord Injury: Focus on Roles of p38. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030867. [PMID: 29543752 PMCID: PMC5877728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) consists of three phases-acute, secondary, and chronic damages-and limiting the development of secondary damage possibly improves functional recovery after SCI. A major component of the secondary phase of SCI is regarded as inflammation-triggered events: induction of cytokines, edema, microglial activation, apoptosis of cells including oligodendrocytes and neurons, demyelination, formation of the astrocytic scar, and so on. Two major stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)-are activated in various types of cells in response to cellular stresses such as apoptotic stimuli and inflammatory waves. In animal models of SCI, inhibition of either JNK or p38 has been shown to promote neuroprotection-associated functional recovery. Here, we provide an overview on the roles of SAPKs in SCI and, in particular, the pathological role of p38 will be discussed as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Umezawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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19
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Zhang J, Yin K, Sun J, Gao J, Du Q, Li H, Qiu J. Direct and tunable modulation of protein levels in rice and wheat with a synthetic small molecule. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:472-481. [PMID: 28682500 PMCID: PMC5787845 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct control of protein level enables rapid and efficient analyses of gene functions in crops. Previously, we developed the RDDK-Shield1 (Shld1) system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for direct modulation of protein stabilization using a synthetic small molecule. However, it was unclear whether this system is applicable to economically important crops. In this study, we show that the RDDK-Shld1 system enables rapid and tunable control of protein levels in rice and wheat. Accumulation of RDDK fusion proteins can be reversibly and spatio-temporally controlled by the synthetic small-molecule Shld1. Moreover, RDDK-Bar and RDDK-Pid3 fusions confer herbicide and rice blast resistance, respectively, in a Shld1-dependent manner. Therefore, the RDDK-Shld1 system provides a reversible and tunable technique for controlling protein functions and conditional expression of transgenes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kangquan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinlan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuli Du
- Department of Life Science and EngineeringJining UniversityQufuChina
- National Center for Soybean ImprovementNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Long Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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20
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Lee JY, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Yang SJ, Lee SJ, Noh EJ, Shin SJ, Park JH. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Contributes to Limiting Growth of Mycobacterium abscessus in the Lung of Mice by Regulating Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1477. [PMID: 29163541 PMCID: PMC5681718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a prominent cause of pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients and those with cystic fibrosis. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 2 is a cytosolic receptor which senses a bacterial peptidoglycan component, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Although nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) contributes to protect host against various microbial infections, it is still unclear whether NOD2 is essential to regulate host immune responses against M. abscessus infection. In this study, we sought to clarify the role of NOD2 and the underlying mechanism in host defense against M. abscessus infection. Mice were infected intranasally with M. abscessus and sacrificed at indicated time points. Bacterial survival, cytokines production, and pathology in the lungs were determined. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to clarify cellular mechanism of NOD2-mediated immune response. Bacterial clearance was impaired, and pathology was more severe in the lungs of NOD2-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. In macrophages, NOD2-mediated activation of p38 and JNK were required for production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and expression of iNOS in response to M. abscessus. NO was critical for limiting intracellular growth of the pathogen. Intranasal administration of MDP reduced in vivo bacterial replication and thus improved lung pathology in M. abscessus-infected mice. This study offers important new insights into the potential roles of the NOD2 in initiating and potentiating innate immune response against M. abscessus pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Jeong Noh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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21
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Kuenzi BM, Remsing Rix LL, Stewart PA, Fang B, Kinose F, Bryant AT, Boyle TA, Koomen JM, Haura EB, Rix U. Polypharmacology-based ceritinib repurposing using integrated functional proteomics. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:1222-1231. [PMID: 28991240 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drugs are effective when they directly inhibit strong disease drivers, but only a small fraction of diseases feature defined actionable drivers. Alternatively, network-based approaches can uncover new therapeutic opportunities. Applying an integrated phenotypic screening, chemical and phosphoproteomics strategy, here we describe the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor ceritinib as having activity across several ALK-negative lung cancer cell lines and identify new targets and network-wide signaling effects. Combining pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference revealed a polypharmacology mechanism involving the noncanonical targets IGF1R, FAK1, RSK1 and RSK2. Mutating the downstream signaling hub YB1 protected cells from ceritinib. Consistent with YB1 signaling being known to cause taxol resistance, combination of ceritinib with paclitaxel displayed strong synergy, particularly in cells expressing high FAK autophosphorylation, which we show to be prevalent in lung cancer. Together, we present a systems chemical biology platform for elucidating multikinase inhibitor polypharmacology mechanisms, subsequent design of synergistic drug combinations, and identification of mechanistic biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Kuenzi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul A Stewart
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Annamarie T Bryant
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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22
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Diaz JE, Morgan CW, Minogue CE, Hebert AS, Coon JJ, Wells JA. A Split-Abl Kinase for Direct Activation in Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1250-1258.e4. [PMID: 28919041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To dissect the cellular roles of individual kinases, it is useful to design tools for their selective activation. We describe the engineering of a split-cAbl kinase (sKin-Abl) that is rapidly activated in cells with rapamycin and allows temporal, dose, and compartmentalization control. Our design strategy involves an empirical screen in mammalian cells and identification of split site in the N lobe. This split site leads to complete loss of activity, which can be restored upon small-molecule-induced dimerization in cells. Remarkably, the split site is transportable to the related Src Tyr kinase and the distantly related Ser/Thr kinase, AKT, suggesting broader applications to kinases. To quantify the fold induction of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) modification, we employed quantitative proteomics, NeuCode SILAC. We identified a number of known Abl substrates, including autophosphorylation sites and novel pTyr targets, 432 pTyr sites in total. We believe that this split-kinase technology will be useful for direct activation of protein kinases in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Diaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles W Morgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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23
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Raza A, Crothers JW, McGill MM, Mawe GM, Teuscher C, Krementsov DN. Anti-inflammatory roles of p38α MAPK in macrophages are context dependent and require IL-10. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1219-1227. [PMID: 28877953 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0116-009rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway was originally identified as a master regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells. Numerous drugs targeting this kinase showed promise in preclinical models of inflammatory disease, but so far, none have shown efficacy in clinical trials. The reasons behind this are unclear, but may, in part, be explained by emerging anti-inflammatory functions of this kinase or overly refined selectivity of second-generation pharmacologic inhibitors. Here, we show that p38α signaling in macrophages plays pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in vivo and in vitro, with the outcome depending on the stimulus, output, kinetics, or mode of kinase inhibition (genetic vs. pharmacologic). Different pharmacologic inhibitors of p38 exhibit opposing effects, with second-generation inhibitors acting more specifically but inhibiting anti-inflammatory functions. Functionally, we show that the anti-inflammatory functions of p38α in macrophages are critically dependent on production of IL-10. Accordingly, in the absence of IL-10, inhibition of p38α signaling in macrophages is protective in a spontaneous model of colitis. Taken together, our results shed light on the limited clinical efficacy of drugs targeting p38 and suggest that their therapeutic efficacy can be significantly enhanced by simultaneous modulation of p38-dependent anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raza
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jessica W Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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24
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Salvador-Bernáldez M, Mateus SB, Del Barco Barrantes I, Arthur SC, Martínez-A C, Nebreda AR, Salvador JM. p38α regulates cytokine-induced IFNγ secretion via the Mnk1/eIF4E pathway in Th1 cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:814-823. [PMID: 28611474 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory processes. We used p38α-conditional, p38β-deficient and p38α/β double-null mouse models to address the role of these two p38 MAPK in CD4+ T cells, and found that p38α deficiency causes these cells to hyperproliferate. Our studies indicate that both p38α and p38β are dispensable for T helper cell type 1 (Th1) differentiation but, by controlling interferon (IFN)γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α production, are critical for normal Th1 effector function. We found that both p38α and p38β modulate T-cell receptor-induced IFNγ and TNFα production, whereas only p38α regulates cytokine-induced IFNγ production. The lack of p38α and p38β did not affect transcription and mRNA stability of Ifng. However, the absence of p38α in Th1 cells resulted in a decreased MNK1 phosphorylation after cytokine activation, and MNK1 inhibition blocked IFNγ production. Our results indicate that p38α regulates IFNγ secretion through the activation of the MNK1/eIF4E pathway of translation initiation and identify specific functions for p38α and p38β in T-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara B Mateus
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Del Barco Barrantes
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon C Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-A
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. LLuis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Wang S, Yang J, Li X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Si G, Tao Y, Zhao N, Hu X, Ma Y, Liu G. Discovery of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) Derivatives as Dual Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1/2 (NOD1/NOD2) Antagonists Sensitizing Paclitaxel (PTX) To Suppress Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) Growth in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5162-5192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Youzhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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26
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Cann ML, McDonald IM, East MP, Johnson GL, Graves LM. Measuring Kinase Activity-A Global Challenge. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3595-3606. [PMID: 28464261 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinase enzymes within a cell, known collectively as the kinome, play crucial roles in many signaling pathways, including survival, motility, differentiation, stress response, and many more. Aberrant signaling through kinase pathways is often linked to cancer, among other diseases. A major area of scientific research involves understanding the relationships between kinases, their targets, and how the kinome adapts to perturbations of the cellular system. This review will discuss many of the current and developing methods for studying kinase activity, and evaluate their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3595-3606, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Cann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box #7365, 120 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Ian M McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box #7365, 120 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Michael P East
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box #7365, 120 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box #7365, 120 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetic Medicine Building, Campus Box #7365, 120 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
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27
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Okumu DO, East MP, Levine M, Herring LE, Zhang R, Gilbert TSK, Litchfield DW, Zhang Y, Graves LM. BIRC6 mediates imatinib resistance independently of Mcl-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177871. [PMID: 28520795 PMCID: PMC5433768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a family of functionally and structurally related proteins that inhibit apoptosis. BIRC6 has been implicated in drug resistance in several different human cancers, however mechanisms regulating BIRC6 have not been extensively explored. Our phosphoproteomic analysis of an imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line (MYL-R) identified increased amounts of a BIRC6 peptide phosphorylated at S480, S482, and S486 compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells (MYL). Thus we investigated the role of BIRC6 in mediating imatinib resistance and compared it to the well-characterized anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1. Both BIRC6 and Mcl-1 were elevated in MYL-R compared to MYL cells. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of BIRC6 in MYL-R cells increased imatinib-stimulated caspase activation and resulted in a ~20-25-fold increase in imatinib sensitivity, without affecting Mcl-1. Treating MYL-R cells with CDK9 inhibitors decreased BIRC6 mRNA, but not BIRC6 protein levels. By contrast, while CDK9 inhibitors reduced Mcl-1 mRNA and protein, they did not affect imatinib sensitivity. Since the Src family kinase Lyn is highly expressed and active in MYL-R cells, we tested the effects of Lyn inhibition on BIRC6 and Mcl-1. RNAi-mediated knockdown or inhibition of Lyn (dasatinib/ponatinib) reduced BIRC6 protein stability and increased caspase activation. Inhibition of Lyn also increased formation of an N-terminal BIRC6 fragment in parallel with reduced amount of the BIRC6 phosphopeptide, suggesting that Lyn may regulate BIRC6 phosphorylation and stability. In summary, our data show that BIRC6 stability is dependent on Lyn, and that BIRC6 mediates imatinib sensitivity independently of Mcl-1 or CDK9. Hence, BIRC6 may be a novel target for the treatment of drug-resistant CML where Mcl-1 or CDK9 inhibitors have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis O. Okumu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael P. East
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Merlin Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raymond Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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28
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Shah NG, Tulapurkar ME, Ramarathnam A, Brophy A, Martinez R, Hom K, Hodges T, Samadani R, Singh IS, MacKerell AD, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. Novel Noncatalytic Substrate-Selective p38α-Specific MAPK Inhibitors with Endothelial-Stabilizing and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3296-3306. [PMID: 28298524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK family is composed of four kinases of which p38α/MAPK14 is the major proinflammatory member. These kinases contribute to many inflammatory diseases, but the currently available p38 catalytic inhibitors (e.g., SB203580) are poorly effective and cause toxicity. We reasoned that the failure of catalytic p38 inhibitors may derive from their activity against noninflammatory p38 isoforms (e.g., p38β/MAPK11) and loss of all p38α-dependent responses, including anti-inflammatory, counterregulatory responses via mitogen- and stress-activated kinase (MSK) 1/2 and Smad3. We used computer-aided drug design to target small molecules to a pocket near the p38α glutamate-aspartate (ED) substrate-docking site rather than the catalytic site, the sequence of which had only modest homology among p38 isoforms. We identified a lead compound, UM101, that was at least as effective as SB203580 in stabilizing endothelial barrier function, reducing inflammation, and mitigating LPS-induced mouse lung injury. Differential scanning fluorimetry and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated specific binding of UM101 to the computer-aided drug design-targeted pockets in p38α but not p38β. RNA sequencing analysis of TNF-α-stimulated gene expression revealed that UM101 inhibited only 28 of 61 SB203580-inhibited genes and 7 of 15 SB203580-inhibited transcription factors, but spared the anti-inflammatory MSK1/2 pathway. We provide proof of principle that small molecules that target the ED substrate-docking site may exert anti-inflammatory effects similar to the catalytic p38 inhibitors, but their isoform specificity and substrate selectivity may confer inherent advantages over catalytic inhibitors for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav G Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Aparna Ramarathnam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Amanda Brophy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ramon Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kellie Hom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Theresa Hodges
- University of Maryland Institute for Genome Science, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ramin Samadani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ishwar S Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; .,Medicine and Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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29
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Roberts SL, Dun XP, Dee G, Gray B, Mindos T, Parkinson DB. The role of p38alpha in Schwann cells in regulating peripheral nerve myelination and repair. J Neurochem 2017; 141:37-47. [PMID: 27973735 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is controlled by both positive and negative regulators within Schwann cells to ensure timely onset and correct myelin thickness for saltatory conduction by neurons. Transcription factors such as Sox10, octamer-binding transcription factor 6 (Oct6) and Krox20 form a positive regulatory network, whereas negative regulators such as cJun and Sox2 oppose myelination in Schwann cells. The role of the p38 MAPK pathway has been studied in PNS myelination, but its precise function remains unclear, with both positive and negative effects of p38 activity reported upon both myelination and processes of nerve repair. To clarify the role of p38 MAPK in the PNS, we have analysed mice with a Schwann cell-specific ablation of the major p38 isoform, p38alpha. In line with previous findings of an inhibitory role for p38 MAPK, we observe acceleration of post-natal myelination in p38alpha null nerves, a delay in myelin down-regulation following injury, together with a small increase in levels of re-myelination following injury. Finally we explored roles for p38alpha in controlling axonal regeneration and functional repair following PNS injury and observe that loss of p38alpha function in Schwann cells does not appear to affect these processes as previously reported. These studies therefore provide further proof for a role of p38 MAPK signalling in the control of myelination by Schwann cells in the PNS, but do not show an apparent role for signalling by this MAP kinase in Schwann cells controlling other elements of Wallerian degeneration and functional repair following injury. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Roberts
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Gemma Dee
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Bethany Gray
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Thomas Mindos
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - David B Parkinson
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Derriford, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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30
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Zeng L, Shin WH, Zhu X, Park SH, Park C, Tao WA, Kihara D. Discovery of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Binding Proteins in the Escherichia coli Proteome Using a Combined Energetic- and Structural-Bioinformatics-Based Approach. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:470-480. [PMID: 28152599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein-ligand interaction plays a critical role in regulating the biochemical functions of proteins. Discovering protein targets for ligands is vital to new drug development. Here, we present a strategy that combines experimental and computational approaches to identify ligand-binding proteins in a proteomic scale. For the experimental part, we coupled pulse proteolysis with filter-assisted sample preparation (FASP) and quantitative mass spectrometry. Under denaturing conditions, ligand binding affected protein stability, which resulted in altered protein abundance after pulse proteolysis. For the computational part, we used the software Patch-Surfer2.0. We applied the integrated approach to identify nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-binding proteins in the Escherichia coli proteome, which has over 4200 proteins. Pulse proteolysis and Patch-Surfer2.0 identified 78 and 36 potential NAD-binding proteins, respectively, including 12 proteins that were consistently detected by the two approaches. Interestingly, the 12 proteins included 8 that are not previously known as NAD binders. Further validation of these eight proteins showed that their binding affinities to NAD computed by AutoDock Vina are higher than their cognate ligands and also that their protein ratios in the pulse proteolysis are consistent with known NAD-binding proteins. These results strongly suggest that these eight proteins are indeed newly identified NAD binders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolei Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC Group , Seoul 06737, South Korea
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31
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Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. The role of p38 MAP-kinase in stress-induced senescence of human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Yuan LL, Wauson E, Duric V. Kinase-mediated signaling cascades in mood disorders and antidepressant treatment. J Neurogenet 2016; 30:178-184. [PMID: 27785950 PMCID: PMC5590647 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1245303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Kinase-mediated signaling cascades regulate a number of different molecular mechanisms involved in cellular homeostasis, and are viewed as one of the most common intracellular processes that are robustly dysregulated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders such as depression. Newly emerged, rapid acting antidepressants are able to achieve therapeutic improvement, possibly in part, through stimulating activity of kinase-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, advancements in our understanding of how kinases may contribute to development and treatment of depression seem crucial. However, current investigations are limited to a single or small number of kinases and are unable to detect novel kinases. Here, we review fast developing kinome profiling approaches that allow identification of multiple kinases and kinase network connections simultaneously, analyze technical limitation and challenges, and discuss their future applications to mood disorders and antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Eric Wauson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Vanja Duric
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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33
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Saxena C. Identification of protein binding partners of small molecules using label-free methods. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1017-25. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1227316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Talreja J, Talwar H, Ahmad N, Rastogi R, Samavati L. Dual Inhibition of Rip2 and IRAK1/4 Regulates IL-1β and IL-6 in Sarcoidosis Alveolar Macrophages and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1368-78. [PMID: 27402699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects the lungs. Our previous work indicates that activation of p38 plays a pivotal role in sarcoidosis inflammatory response. Therefore, we investigated the upstream kinase responsible for activation of p38 in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages (AMs) and PBMCs. We identified that sustained p38 phosphorylation in sarcoidosis AMs and PBMCs is associated with active MAPK kinase 4 but not with MAPK kinase 3/6. Additionally, we found that sarcoidosis AMs exhibit a higher expression of IRAK1, IRAK-M, and receptor interacting protein 2 (Rip2). Surprisingly, ex vivo treatment of sarcoidosis AMs or PBMCs with IRAK1/4 inhibitor led to a significant increase in IL-1β mRNA expression both spontaneously and in response to TLR2 ligand. However, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors significantly decreased both IL-1β and IL-6 production in sarcoidosis PBMCs and moderately in AMs. Importantly, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors led to decreased IFN-γ and IL-6 and decreased percentage of activated CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in PBMCs. These data suggest that in sarcoidosis, both pathways, namely IRAK and Rip2, are deregulated. Targeted modulation of Rip2 and IRAK pathways may prove to be a novel treatment for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Talreja
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Harvinder Talwar
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Ruchi Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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35
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Klebl BM, Kurtenbach A, Salassidis K, Daub H, Herget T. Host Cell Targets in HCV Therapy: Novel Strategy or Proven Practice? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 16:69-90. [PMID: 15889531 DOI: 10.1177/095632020501600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel antiviral drugs against hepatitis C is a challenging and competitive area of research. Progress of this research has been hampered due to the quasispecies nature of the hepatitis C virus, the absence of cellular infection models and the lack of easily accessible and highly representative animal models. The current combination therapy consisting of interferon-α and ribavirin mainly acts by supporting host cell defence. These therapeutics are the prototypic representatives of indirect antiviral agents as they act on cellular targets. However, the therapy is not a cure, when considered from the long-term perspective, for almost half of the chronically infected patients. This draws attention to the urgent need for more efficient treatments. Novel anti-hepatitis C treatments under study are directed against a number of so-called direct antiviral targets such as polymerases and proteases, which are encoded by the virus. Although such direct antiviral approaches have proven to be successful in several viral indications, there is a risk of resistant viruses developing. In order to avoid resistance, the development of indirect antiviral compounds has to be intensified. These act on host cell targets either by boosting the immune response or by blocking the virus host cell interaction. A particularly interesting approach is the development of inhibitors that interfere with signal transduction, such as protein kinase inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to stress the importance of developing indirect antiviral agents that act on host cell targets. In doing so, a large source of potential targets and mechanisms can be exploited, thus increasing the likelihood of success. Ultimately, combination therapies consisting of drugs against direct and indirect viral targets will most probably provide the solution to fighting and eradicating hepatitis C virus in patients.
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Kim YH, Ha S, Kim J, Ham SW. Identification of KPNB1 as a Cellular Target of Aminothiazole Derivatives with Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1406-9. [PMID: 27241026 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We found that aminothiazole derivative (E)-N-(5-benzylthiazol-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylamide (1) has strong anticancer activity, and undertook proteomics approaches to identify the target protein of compound 1, importin β1 (KPNB1). A competitive binding assay using fluorescein-labeled 1 showed that 1 has strong binding affinity for KPNB1 (Kd : ∼20 nm). Furthermore, through western blotting assays for KPNB1, KPNA2, EGFR, ErbB2, and STAT3, we confirmed that 1 has inhibitory effects on the importin pathway. KPBN1 appears to be overexpressed in several cancer cells, and siRNA-induced inhibition of KPNB1 shows significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, while leaving non-cancerous cells unaffected. Therefore, compound 1 is a promising new lead for the development of KPNB1-targeted anticancer agents. Fluorescein-labeled 1 could be a useful quantitative probe for the development of novel KPNB1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hak Kim
- Department, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyeong 4-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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Davis T, Brook AJC, Rokicki MJ, Bagley MC, Kipling D. Evaluating the Role of p38 MAPK in the Accelerated Cell Senescence of Werner Syndrome Fibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020023. [PMID: 27136566 PMCID: PMC4932541 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes show features of accelerated ageing and are used as models for human ageing, of which Werner syndrome (WS) is one of the most widely studied. WS fibroblasts show accelerated senescence that may result from p38 MAP kinase activation since it is prevented by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Thus, small molecule inhibition of p38-signalling may be a therapeutic strategy for WS. To develop this approach issues such as the in vivo toxicity and kinase selectivity of existing p38 inhibitors need to be addressed, so as to strengthen the evidence that p38 itself plays a critical role in mediating the effect of SB203580, and to find an inhibitor suitable for in vivo use. In this work we used a panel of different p38 inhibitors selected for: (1) having been used successfully in vivo in either animal models or human clinical trials; (2) different modes of binding to p38; and (3) different off-target kinase specificity profiles, in order to critically address the role of p38 in the premature senescence seen in WS cells. Our findings confirmed the involvement of p38 in accelerated cell senescence and identified p38 inhibitors suitable for in vivo use in WS, with BIRB 796 the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Amy J C Brook
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Michal J Rokicki
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
| | - Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF 14 4XN, UK.
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Chang SF, Li HC, Huang YP, Tasi WJ, Chou YY, Lu SC. SB203580 increases G-CSF production via a stem-loop destabilizing element in the 3' untranslated region in macrophages independently of its effect on p38 MAPK activity. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:3. [PMID: 26772539 PMCID: PMC4715298 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a major regulator of the production and survival of neutrophils. Regulation of G-CSF expression is complex and occurs at both transcription and post-transcription levels. Two distinct types of cis-acting elements in the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of G-CSF mRNA have been identified as destabilizing elements; these consist of adenylate uridylate-rich elements (AUREs) and a stem–loop destabilizing element (SLDE). Regulation of the stability of mRNA by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been indicated to be linked to AUREs in the 3’UTR. However, whether p38 MAPK is involved in the regulation of the stability of G-CSF mRNA has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, on the lipopolysaccharide-induced G-CSF expression in macrophages at the post-transcription level. Results Our study showed surprising results that SB203580 augmented the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the G-CSF mRNA levels in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and in THP-1 human macrophages. This effect was also seen in p38α MAPK knockdown RAW264.7 cells, showing that it was not due to inhibition of p38 MAPK activity. In the presence of actinomycin D, the decay of G-CSF mRNA was slower in SB203580-treated cells than in control cells, showing that SB203580 increased the stability of G-CSF mRNA. Reporter genes containing luciferase with or without the 3’UTR of G-CSF were constructed and transfected into RAW264.7 cells and the results showed that the presence of the 3’UTR reduced the luciferase mRNA levels and luciferase activity. Furthermore, SB203580 increased the luciferase mRNA levels and activity in RAW264.7 cells transfected with the luciferase reporter containing the 3’UTR, but not in cells transfected with the luciferase reporter without the 3’UTR. Mutations of the highly conserved SLDE in the 3’UTR abolished these effects, showing that the SLDE was essential for the SB203580-induced increase in the stability of mRNA. Conclusions SB203580 increases G-CSF expression in macrophages by increasing the stability of G-CSF mRNA via its 3’UTR, and the effect was not due to its inhibition of p38 MAPK activity. The results of this study also highlight a potential target for boosting endogenous production of G-CSF during neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ci Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 810, No.1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 810, No.1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ju Tasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 810, No.1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yi Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 810, No.1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 810, No.1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sumi NJ, Kuenzi BM, Knezevic CE, Remsing Rix LL, Rix U. Chemoproteomics Reveals Novel Protein and Lipid Kinase Targets of Clinical CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2680-6. [PMID: 26390342 PMCID: PMC4684772 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several selective CDK4/6 inhibitors are in clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Palbociclib (PD0332991) is included in the phase II/III Lung-MAP trial for squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSQ). We noted differential cellular activity between palbociclib and the structurally related ribociclib (LEE011) in LUSQ cells. Applying an unbiased mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics approach in H157 cells and primary tumor samples, we here report distinct proteome-wide target profiles of these two drug candidates in LUSQ, which encompass novel protein and, for palbociclib only, lipid kinases. In addition to CDK4 and 6, we observed CDK9 as a potent target of both drugs. Palbociclib interacted with several kinases not targeted by ribociclib, such as casein kinase 2 and PIK3R4, which regulate autophagy. Furthermore, palbociclib engaged several lipid kinases, most notably, PIK3CD and PIP4K2A/B/C. Accordingly, we observed modulation of autophagy and inhibition of AKT signaling by palbociclib but not ribociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Sumi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Brent M Kuenzi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Claire E Knezevic
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
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Radic-Sarikas B, Rix U, Stukalov A, Gridling M, Müller AC, Colinge J, Superti-Furga G, Bennett KL. Enhancing cognate target elution efficiency in gel-free chemical proteomics. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Bagley MC, Dwyer JE, Baashen M, Dix MC, Murziani PGS, Rokicki MJ, Kipling D, Davis T. The effect of RO3201195 and a pyrazolyl ketone P38 MAPK inhibitor library on the proliferation of Werner syndrome cells. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:947-56. [PMID: 26611938 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis of the pyrazolyl ketone p38 MAPK inhibitor RO3201195 in 7 steps and 15% overall yield, and the comparison of its effect upon the proliferation of Werner Syndrome cells with a library of pyrazolyl ketones, strengthens the evidence that p38 MAPK inhibition plays a critical role in modulating premature cellular senescence in this progeroid syndrome and the reversal of accelerated ageing observed in vitro on treatment with SB203580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Höfener M, Pachl F, Kuster B, Sewald N. Inhibitor-based affinity probes for the investigation of JAK signaling pathways. Proteomics 2015; 15:3066-74. [PMID: 25959371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Janus Kinase (JAK) signaling pathway plays a key role for many cellular processes and has recently been correlated with neuronal disorders. In order to understand new links of JAK family members with other signaling pathways, chemical proteomics tools with broad kinase coverage are desirable. A probe that shows outstanding kinase selectivity and allows for the enrichment of up to 133 kinases including many mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) members and JAK kinases has been developed. Furthermore, this probe was applied to establish the selectivity profile of the JAK1/2 inhibitor momelotinib that is currently evaluated in clinical phase 3 studies. These results render this probe a valuable tool for the investigation of JAK and JAK related signaling pathways and the selectivity profiling of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Höfener
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Lee JO, Kim N, Lee HJ, Lee YW, Kim JK, Kim HI, Lee SK, Kim SJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Visfatin, a novel adipokine, stimulates glucose uptake through the Ca2 +-dependent AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:251-62. [PMID: 26019302 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine produced by visceral fat. In the present study, visfatin increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. It also increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, whose knockdown blocked visfatin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Visfatin stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. However, inhibition of AMPKα2 with an inhibitor or with knockdown of AMPKα2 using siRNA blocked visfatin-induced glucose uptake, which indicates that visfatin stimulates glucose uptake through the AMPKα2 pathway. Visfatin increased the intracellular Ca(2) (+) concentration. STO-609, a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitor, blocked visfatin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Visfatin-mediated activation of p38 MAPK was AMPKα2-dependent. Furthermore, both inhibition and knockdown of p38 MAPK blocked visfatin-induced glucose uptake. Visfatin increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mRNA and protein levels. In addition, visfatin stimulated the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, and this effect was suppressed by AMPKα2 inhibition. The present results indicate that visfatin plays an important role in glucose metabolism via the Ca(2) (+)-mediated AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Kwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Ip Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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The p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase is a key regulator of myelination and remyelination in the CNS. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1748. [PMID: 25950478 PMCID: PMC4669698 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one of the serine/threonine kinases regulating a variety of biological processes, including cell-type specification, differentiation and migration. Previous in vitro studies using pharmacological inhibitors suggested that p38 MAPK is essential for oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination. To investigate the specific roles of p38α MAPK in OL development and myelination in vivo, we generated p38α conditional knockout (CKO) mice under the PLP and nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) gene promoters, as these genes are specifically expressed in OL progenitor cells (OPCs). Our data revealed that myelin synthesis was completely inhibited in OLs differentiated from primary OPC cultures derived from the NG2 Cre-p38α CKO mouse brains. Although an in vivo myelination defect was not obvious after gross examination of these mice, electron microscopic analysis showed that the ultrastructure of myelin bundles was severely impaired. Moreover, the onset of myelination in the corpus callosum was delayed in the knockout mice compared with p38α fl/fl control mice. A delay in OL differentiation in the central nervous system was observed with concomitant downregulation in the expression of OPC- and OL-specific genes such as Olig1 and Zfp488 during early postnatal development. OPC proliferation was not affected during this time. These data indicate that p38α is a positive regulator of OL differentiation and myelination. Unexpectedly, we observed an opposite effect of p38α on remyelination in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model. The p38α CKO mice exhibited better remyelination capability compared with p38α fl/fl mice following demyelination. The opposing roles of p38α in myelination and remyelination could be due to a strong anti-inflammatory effect of p38α or a dual reciprocal regulatory action of p38α on myelin formation during development and on remyelination after demyelination.
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Mirza Z, Schulten HJ, Farsi HM, Al-Maghrabi JA, Gari MA, Chaudhary AG, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH, Karim S. Molecular interaction of a kinase inhibitor midostaurin with anticancer drug targets, S100A8 and EGFR: transcriptional profiling and molecular docking study for kidney cancer therapeutics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119765. [PMID: 25789858 PMCID: PMC4366044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100A8 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteins are proto-oncogenes that are strongly expressed in a number of cancer types. EGFR promotes cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival by activating molecular pathways. Involvement of proinflammatory S100A8 in tumor cell differentiation and progression is largely unclear and not studied in kidney cancer (KC). S100A8 and EGFR are potential therapeutic biomarkers and anticancer drug targets for KC. In this study, we explored molecular mechanisms of interaction profiles of both molecules with potential anticancer drugs. We undertook transcriptional profiling in Saudi KCs using Affymetrix HuGene 1.0 ST arrays. We identified 1478 significantly expressed genes, including S100A8 and EGFR overexpression, using cut-off p value <0.05 and fold change ≥2. Additionally, we compared and confirmed our findings with expression data available at NCBI's GEO database. A significant number of genes associated with cancer showed involvement in cell cycle progression, DNA repair, tumor morphology, tissue development, and cell survival. Atherosclerosis signaling, leukocyte extravasation signaling, notch signaling, and IL-12 signaling were the most significantly disrupted signaling pathways. The present study provides an initial transcriptional profiling of Saudi KC patients. Our analysis suggests distinct transcriptomic signatures and pathways underlying molecular mechanisms of KC progression. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the kinase inhibitor "midostaurin" has amongst the selected drug targets, the best ligand properties to S100A8 and EGFR, with the implication that its binding inhibits downstream signaling in KC. This is the first structure-based docking study for the selected protein targets and anticancer drug, and the results indicate S100A8 and EGFR as attractive anticancer targets and midostaurin with effective drug properties for therapeutic intervention in KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ma Farsi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah A. Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdooh A. Gari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ga Chaudhary
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Huang G, Wang Y, Vogel P, Chi H. Control of IL-17 receptor signaling and tissue inflammation by the p38α-MKP-1 signaling axis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra24. [PMID: 25737586 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells that secrete the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), play a key pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. Through inducible and tissue-specific deletion systems, we described the time- and tissue-specific roles of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38α in mediating T(H)17 cell-induced tissue inflammation. Inducible deletion of Mapk14 (which encodes p38α) after the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model for human multiple sclerosis, protected mice from inflammation. Furthermore, the severity of EAE was markedly reduced in mice with specific loss of p38α in neuroectoderm-derived cells, including astrocytes, an effect that was associated with defective production of chemokines and decreased infiltration of the target tissue by immune cells. p38α linked IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) signaling to the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Mice that lacked MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), an inhibitor of p38α, had exacerbated EAE and enhanced expression of IL-17R-dependent genes. Our results suggest that the p38α-MKP-1 signaling axis links IL-17R signaling in tissue-resident cells to autoimmune inflammation dependent on infiltrating T(H)17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonghua Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of protein kinases are key tools for signal transduction research and represent a major class of targeted drugs. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics enable an unbiased view on kinase inhibitor selectivity and modes of action in the biological context. While chemical proteomics techniques utilizing quantitative mass spectrometry interrogate both target specificity and affinity in cellular extracts, proteome-wide phosphorylation analyses upon kinase inhibitor treatment identify signal transduction pathway and network regulation in an unbiased manner. Thus, critical information is provided to promote new insights into mechanisms of kinase signaling and their relevance for kinase inhibitor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Daub
- Evotec (München) GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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48
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Kasuya Y. [Trends in functions and inhibitors of p38]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 145:21-26. [PMID: 25743232 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.145.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Xie J, Belosevic M. Functional characterization of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2) of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:76-85. [PMID: 25242011 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the functional characterization of RIP2 of the goldfish. Quantitative expression analysis of goldfish RIP2 revealed the greatest mRNA levels in the spleen, monocytes and splenocytes. We generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgRIP2) and determined that anti-human RIP2 polyclonal antibody specifically recognized recombinant goldfish RIP2 (rgRIP2). Goldfish RIP2 activity was inhibited by the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. Treatment of goldfish macrophages with LPS, PGN, MDP, Poly I:C, heat-killed and live Mycobacterium marinum, and heat-killed Aeromonas salmonicida differentially changed the expression of RIP2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that RIP2 interacted with Nod1 and Nod2 receptors in eukaryotic cells. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that RIP2 over-expression caused the activation of the NF-κB signal pathway. In addition, RIP2 was involved in the regulation of the production of TNFα-2 and IL-1β1 in goldfish macrophages exposed to M. marinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Russell C, Lin AJS, Hains P, Simone MI, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. An integrated flow and microwave approach to a broad spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase inhibitor CTx-0152960 and the piperazinyl analogue CTx-0294885 were prepared using a hybrid flow and microwave approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Russell
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Andrew J. S. Lin
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Peter Hains
- Children's Medical Research Institute
- Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
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