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Jeon Y, Kim D, Lee S, Lee K, Ko Y, Kwon G, Park J, Kim UJ, Hwang SY, Kim J, You J. Multiscale Porous Carbon Materials by In Situ Growth of Metal-Organic Framework in the Micro-Channel of Delignified Wood for High-Performance Water Purification. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2695. [PMID: 37836336 PMCID: PMC10574260 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon materials are suitable as highly efficient adsorbents for the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this study, we developed multiscale porous and heteroatom (O, N)-doped activated carbon aerogels (CAs) based on mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals and wood using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation, in situ synthesis, and carbonization/activation. The surface carboxyl groups in a TEMPO-oxidized wood (TW) can provide considerably large nucleation sites for ZIF-8. Consequently, ZIF-8, with excellent porosity, was successfully loaded into the TW via in situ growth to enhance the specific surface area and enable heteroatom doping. Thereafter, the ZIF-8-loaded TW was subjected to a direct carbonization/activation process, and the obtained activated CA, denoted as ZIF-8/TW-CA, exhibited a highly interconnected porous structure containing multiscale (micro, meso, and macro) pores. Additionally, the resultant ZIF-8/TW-CA exhibited a low density, high specific surface area, and excellent organic dye adsorption capacity of 56.0 mg cm-3, 785.8 m2 g-1, and 169.4 mg g-1, respectively. Given its sustainable, scalable, and low-cost wood platform, the proposed high-performance CA is expected to enable the substantial expansion of strategies for environmental protection, energy storage, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Jeon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Dabum Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Kangyun Lee
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Youngsang Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Goomin Kwon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung-Jin Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea (S.Y.H.)
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Bongard RD, Lepley M, Gastonguay A, Syrlybaeva RR, Talipov MR, Lipinsky RAJ, Leigh NR, Brahmbhatt J, Kutty R, Rathore R, Ramchandran R, Sem DS. Discovery and Characterization of Halogenated Xanthene Inhibitors of DUSP5 as Potential Photodynamic Therapeutics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019; 375:114-131. [PMID: 31839699 PMCID: PMC6910256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dual specific phosphatases (DUSPs) are an important class of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulators, and are drug targets for treating vascular diseases. Previously we had shown that DUSP5 plays a role in embryonic vertebrate vascular patterning. Herein, we screened a library of FDA-approved drugs and related compounds, using a para-nitrophenylphosphate substrate (pNPP)-based assay. This assay identified merbromin (also known as mercurochrome) as targeting DUSP5; and, we subsequently identified xanthene-ring based merbromin analogs eosin Y, erythrosin B, and rose bengal, all of which inhibit DUSP5 in vitro. Inhibition was time-dependent for merbromin, eosin Y, 2',7'-dibromofluorescein, and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, with enzyme inhibition increasing over time. Reaction progress curve data fit best to a slow-binding model of irreversible enzyme inactivation. Potency of the time-dependent compounds, except for 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, was diminished when dithiothreitol (DTT) was present, suggesting thiol reactivity. Two additional merbromin analogs, erythrosin B and rose bengal also inhibit DUSP5, but have the therapeutic advantage of being less sensitive to DTT and exhibiting little time dependence for inhibition. Inhibition potency is correlated with the xanthene dye's LUMO energy, which affects ability to form light-activated radical anions, a likely active inhibitor form. Consistent with this hypothesis, rose bengal inhibition is light-dependent and demonstrates the expected red shifted spectrum upon binding to DUSP5, with a Kd of 690 nM. These studies provide a mechanistic foundation for further development of xanthene dyes for treating vascular diseases that respond to DUSP5 inhibition, with the following relative potencies: rose bengal > merbromin > erythrosin B > eosin Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Bongard
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 North Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097
| | - Michael Lepley
- Immucor Inc., 20925 Crossroads Circle, Waukesha, WI 53186
| | - Adam Gastonguay
- Nelson Mullins, One Post Office Square, 30 Floor, Boston MA 02109
| | - Raulia R. Syrlybaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Marat R. Talipov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Rachel A. Jones Lipinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14 Street, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Noah R. Leigh
- Milwaukee Health Department, 841 N. Broadway, Milwaukee, WI 53202
| | - Jaladhi Brahmbhatt
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center Paten, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Raman Kutty
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Wehr Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 1881, 535 N. 14 Street, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Research Institute (CRI) Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Daniel S. Sem
- Center for Structure-based Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800 North Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, WI 53097
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Investigation of the effect of erythrosine B on amyloid beta peptide using molecular modeling. J Mol Model 2016; 22:92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Low-Calorie Bread Baked with Charred Cellulose Granules and Wheat Flour to Eliminate Toxic Xanthene Food Dye in the Alimentary Canal. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2173-80. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bao B, Meng Z, Li N, Meng Z, Zhang L, Cao Y, Yao W, Shan M, Ding A. Design, synthesis and antiviral activity studies of schizonepetin derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17193-203. [PMID: 23965980 PMCID: PMC3759959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of schizonepetin derivatives have been designed and synthesized in order to obtain potent antivirus agents. The antiviral activity against HSV-1 and influenza virus H3N2 as well as the cytotoxicity of these derivatives was evaluated by using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay in vitro. Compounds M2, M4, M5 and M34 showed higher inhibitory activity against HSV-1 virus with the TC50 values being in micromole. Compounds M28, M33, and M35 showed higher inhibitory activity against influenza virus H3N2 with their TC50 values being 96.4, 71.0 and 75.4 μM, respectively. Preliminary biological activity evaluation indicated that the anti-H3N2 and anti-HSV-1 activities improved obviously through the introduction of halogen into the structure of schizonepetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Zheng Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Nianguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhengjie Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China; E-Mail:
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (A.D.); Tel.: +86-25-8581-1523 (A.D.); Fax: +86-25-8581-1524 (A.D.)
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; E-Mails: (B.B.); (Z.M.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (M.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (A.D.); Tel.: +86-25-8581-1523 (A.D.); Fax: +86-25-8581-1524 (A.D.)
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Niemann S, Burghardt M, Popp C, Riederer M. Aqueous pathways dominate permeation of solutes across Pisum sativum seed coats and mediate solute transport via diffusion and bulk flow of water. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1027-36. [PMID: 23146121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The permeability of seed coats to solutes either of biological or anthropogenic origin plays a major role in germination, seedling growth and seed treatment by pesticides. An experimental set-up was designed for investigating the mechanisms of seed coat permeation, which allows steady-state experiments with isolated seed coats of Pisum sativum. Permeances were measured for a set of organic model compounds with different physicochemical properties and sizes. The results show that narrow aqueous pathways dominate the diffusion of solutes across pea seed coats, as indicated by a correlation of permeances with the molecular sizes of the compounds instead of their lipophilicity. Further indicators for an aqueous pathway are small size selectivity and a small effect of temperature on permeation. The application of an osmotic water potential gradient across isolated seed coats leads to an increase in solute transfer, indicating that the aqueous pathways form a water-filled continuum across the seed coat allowing the bulk flow of water. Thus, the uptake of organic solutes across pea testae has two components: (1) by diffusion and (2) by bulk water inflow, which, however, is relevant only during imbibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Niemann
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Botanik ll - Ökophysiologie und Vegetationsökologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Qi H, Takano H, Kato Y, Wu Q, Ogata C, Zhu B, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. Hydrogen [corrected] peroxide-dependent photocytotoxicity by phloxine B, a xanthene-type food colorant. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:704-12. [PMID: 21565256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phloxine B (PhB; 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-fluorescein), an artificial xanthene colorant, has been used as a red coloring agent in drugs and cosmetics as well as foods in some countries. However, little effort has been devoted to the study of this colorant as a potentially useful medicinal agent. METHODS We investigated the daily light-induced photocytotoxicity of PhB in two human leukemia cells, HL-60 and Jurkat, and its underlying mechanisms by in vitro experiments using antioxidants. REUSLTS AND CONCLUSIONS: PhB inhibited cell proliferation more preferentially to HL-60 cells than to Jurkat cells. Co-treatment of catalase completely blocked the photocytotoxicity by PhB in HL-60 cells, whereas the effect of histidine was only partial, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), rather than singlet oxygen, might be a prerequisite for the PhB-induced HL-60 cell death. Actually, PhB produced a significant amount of H(2)O(2) in the media as well as in the cells in concentration- and light-dependent manners. Furthermore, methionine, a hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenger, also significantly attenuated the cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, but not in Jurkat cells, indicating the involvement of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent hypohalous acid formation during the photocytotoxicity. In vitro experiments revealed that halogenated tyrosine was generated from the reaction of bovine serum albumin with PhB and HL-60 cell lysate. The present findings suggested that PhB induced a differential photodynamic action in the MPO-containing leukemia cells through an H(2)O(2)-dependent mechanism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the PhB-induced apoptosis and also evaluated PhB as a promising PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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The food colorant erythrosine is a promiscuous protein–protein interaction inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:810-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dalal A, Poddar MK. Involvement of high plasma corticosterone status and activation of brain regional serotonin metabolism in long-term erythrosine-induced rearing motor hyper activity in young adult male rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:287-97. [PMID: 20465369 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.483070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of artificial food color(s) can induce behavioral hyperactivity in human and experimental animals, but no neurobiochemical mechanism is defined. This study investigates the role of brain regional serotonin metabolism including its turnover, MAO-A activity, and plasma corticosterone status in relation to behavioral disturbances due to an artificial food color, erythrosine. Long-term (15 or 30 consecutive days) erythrosine administration with higher dosage (10 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) produced optimal hyperactive state in exploratory behavior (rearing motor activity) after 2 h of last erythrosine administration, in young adult male albino rats. Erythrosine-induced stimulation in brain regional (medulla-pons, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and corpus striatum) serotonin metabolism (measuring steady state levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, MAO-A activity), including its turnover (pargyline-induced 5-HT accumulation and 5-HIAA declination rate), as well as plasma corticosterone were also observed depending on dosage(s) and duration(s) of erythrosine administration under similar experimental conditions. The lower dosage of erythrosine (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) under similar conditions did not affect either of the above. These findings suggests (a) the induction as well as optimal effect of long-term erythrosine (artificial food color) on behavioral hyperactivity in parallel with increase in 5-HT level in brain regions, (b) the activation of brain regional serotonin biosynthesis in accordance with plasma corticosterone status under such behavioral hyperactivity, and (c) a possible inhibitory influence of the enhanced glucocorticoids-serotonin interaction on erythrosine-induced rearing motor hyperactivity in young adult mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 B. C. Road, Kolkata, India
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Artificial food colorants inhibit superoxide production in differentiated HL-60 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1725-8. [PMID: 20699554 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We tested synthetic food colorants for their antioxidative potential by the in vitro superoxide generation assay in differentiated HL-60 cells in response to phorbol ester. Among the 12 colorants tested, such fluorescein-type red colorants as rose bengal showed potent inhibitory activity without any cytotoxicity under dark conditions. The intracellular accumulation and superoxide anion scavenging effect of rose bengal were at least partly involved in the inhibitory activity.
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Chiu CC, DeVane R, Klein ML, Shinoda W, Moore PB, Nielsen SO. Coarse-Grained Potential Models for Phenyl-Based Molecules: II. Application to Fullerenes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6394-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9117375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
| | - Russell DeVane
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
| | - Preston B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
| | - Steven O. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, Research Institute for Computational Sciences, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the
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Labat F, Ciofini I, Hratchian HP, Frisch M, Raghavachari K, Adamo C. First Principles Modeling of Eosin-Loaded ZnO Films: A Step toward the Understanding of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performances. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14290-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902833s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Labat
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Mike Frisch
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France, Gaussian, Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Dalal A, Poddar MK. Short-term erythrosine B-induced inhibition of the brain regional serotonergic activity suppresses motor activity (exploratory behavior) of young adult mammals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 92:574-82. [PMID: 19264092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that repeated ingestion of erythrosine B (artificial food color) developed behavioral hyperactivity, but nothing is known about its single administration effect as well as the neurochemical (s) involvement. The present study provides evidence that a single higher dosage (10, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) of erythrosine administration to young adult male rats reduced motor activity (MA) maximally at 2 h and brain regional (medulla-pons, hippocampus and hypothalamus) serotonergic activity (measuring steady-state levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, pargyline-induced 5-HT accumulation and 5-HIAA declination rate and 5-HT receptor binding) under similar experimental condition. The degree of erythrosine-induced inhibition of both MA and brain regional serotonergic activity was dosage dependent. Lower dosage (1 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect either of the above. Erythrosine (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.)-induced MA suppression was also observed in the presence of specific MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or MAO-B inhibitor, deprenyl (5 mg/kg, i.p.); but their co-application (5 mg/kg, i.p., each) effectively prevented the erythrosine-induced motor suppression. Altogether these results suggest that a single higher dosage of erythrosine (10-200 mg/kg, p.o.) may reduce MA by reducing serotonergic activity with modulation of central dopaminergic activity depending on the brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C., Road, Kolkata-700019, India
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Waite JG, Yousef AE. Chapter 3 Antimicrobial Properties of Hydroxyxanthenes. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2009; 69:79-98. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(09)69003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Hazebroucq S, Labat F, Lincot D, Adamo C. Theoretical Insights on the Electronic Properties of Eosin Y, an Organic Dye for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7264-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8011624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Hazebroucq
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Labat
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Lincot
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Analytique, CNRS-UMR 7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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17
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Natić M, Marković R, Anđelković K, Milojković-Opsenica D, Tešić Ž. Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of stereodefined 2-alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidines and 1,2-dithioles. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Degim T, Zaimoglu V, Akay C, Degim Z. pH-Metric log K calculations of famotidine, naproxen, nizatidine, ranitidine and salicylic acid. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:659-63. [PMID: 11680809 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The octanol/water partition coefficient (log K) is one of the most commonly used parameters in structure-activity relationships in many areas such as drug design (including pesticides), pharmacokinetics, anesthesiology, environmental sciences, toxicology, bioaccumulation and predicting skin permeability as a predictive parameter. log K is generally determined using shake flask method, but the possibility of calculating log K using pH-metric titrations and half neutralization points is demonstrated in this study. The potentiometric pH titration technique has been developed as an automatic technique for log K determination but it can be achieved by manual titrations. This technique uses the pKa of the substance. The pKa of the substance shifts pK'a when the titration is repeated in the presence of octanol. log K value of the substance can be determined using pKa, pK'a values and relevant equation. The aim of the study was to determine the log K values of a series of compounds using pH-metric titrations and to compare pH-metric log K determination results with the other methods. The log K values of famotidine, naproxen, nizatidine, ranitidine and salicylic acid were determined using both shake flask method and potentiometric titrations. Their log K values were also calculated theoretically using computer program and all results were compared. The pH-metric log K values were found to be close to the shake flask method results. This method was found to be useful for the determination of log K values as it provides a high degree of accuracy even in the presence of titratable impurities in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Degim
- University of Gazi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Carroll EJ. Gastrulation in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is blocked by the fluorescein dye erythrosin B. Mol Reprod Dev 1990; 25:67-71. [PMID: 2168189 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080250112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosin B, a food, drug, and cosmetic dye, arrested gastrulation in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. A 30 min pulse of 5 microM erythrosin B added at 18 hr postinsemination blocked gastrulation scored at 50 hr postinsemination when control embryos had completed gastrulation. Dye addition at later times had no detectable effects on development through 50 hr postinsemination. The dye may block primary invagination via its known effects on plasma membrane permeability and fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Carroll
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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20
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Matthews EK, Cui ZJ. Photodynamic action of rose bengal on isolated rat pancreatic acini: stimulation of amylase release. FEBS Lett 1989; 256:29-32. [PMID: 2478391 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The halogenated fluorescein derivative, rose bengal, upon photon activation, elicits amylase secretion from isolated, perifused pancreatic acini. This effect is due to production of highly reactive singlet delta oxygen which can permeabilize the cell membrane and may also react chemically with secretagogue receptors, or other functional components of the membrane such as the G-proteins. The profile of photodynamically induced amylase secretion is anion-dependent: it becomes biphasic when the chloride ion is substituted by the glutamate ion, an effect attributed to the action of glutamate on the ionic transport systems of the zymogen granule membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, England
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Cody V. Conformational analysis of erythrosine B (FD&C Red No. 3) and its comparison with thyroid hormone structures. Endocr Res 1985; 11:211-24. [PMID: 3009171 DOI: 10.3109/07435808509032979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erythrosine B, also known as FD&C Red No. 3, is a tetraiodofluorescein dye that is widely used as a biological stain and color additive in food and drugs. Recent data show that erythrosine B and Rose Bengal, its polychlorophenyl derivative, are potent inhibitors of both 5'-T4 and 5-T4 monoiododeiodinase activity. However, fluorescein, the nonhalogenated parent compound, has no effect on deiodinase activity. The X-ray crystal structure of erythrosine B was determined to elucidate the structural basis for its competition with T4 for its hormone protein binding sites. These structural results show that the dye crystallizes as a free acid-ethanol solvate. The relative orientation of the benzoic acid and xanthine moieties is nearly perpendicular, similar to that observed in the structure of fluorescein. As frequently noted in thyroid hormone structures, there are short I...I and I...O contact distances in this structure. Because of the symmetric iodophenolic substitution pattern of the xanthine ring, there will always be one iodophenolic ring that is not homologous with the thyroid hormone structure. Therefore, this analysis suggests that the best conformational homology is achieved when the dye phenolic ring is matched with that of a skewed thyroid hormone structure.
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Abstract
The Feingold diet, eliminating artificial colorings, artificial flavorings, and salicylates, has been claimed, based on anecdotal evidence, to improve the learning and behavior of hyperactive children. A review of all published, completed controlled studies, however, indicates that the Feingold diet is probably not effective, except perhaps in a very small percentage of children. The positive results in a few studies have been inconsistent between studies and greatly outnumbered by negative results. Even among children whose parents feel the diet has helped them greatly, the improvement seems more often a placebo effect, e.g., due to the increased attention the child is receiving, than a true effect of artificial colorings or flavorings.
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Augustine GJ, Levitan H. Neurotransmitter release and nerve terminal morphology at the frog neuromuscular junction affected by the dye Erythrosin B. J Physiol 1983; 334:47-63. [PMID: 6134825 PMCID: PMC1197299 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The quantal release of neurotransmitter and the fine structure of frog neuromuscular junctions has been examined in the presence of the xanthene dye Erythrosin B.2. At concentrations of 10 muM or greater, Erythrosin B produced time- and dose-dependent increases in transmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals.3. Miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency increased in an exponential manner during continuous exposure to the dye. The rate constant for this exponential was dose-dependent, increasing with concentrations from 10 muM to 1 mM.4. The amplitude of evoked end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) also increased exponentially during dye treatment, primarily due to an increase in quantal content. Rate constants for this effect were also dose-dependent, and were approximately 1/5 as large as those for m.e.p.p.s.5. While the frequency of m.e.p.p.s was increasing, their amplitude distribution did not qualitatively change. Thus the dye has little effect on the size of individual quanta.6. The presynaptic effects of Erythrosin B were irreversible under these experimental conditions. Brief exposure to the dye caused increases in m.e.p.p. frequency and e.p.p. amplitude which were maintained at steady levels during extensive rinsing with dye-free Ringer solution.7. Prolonged exposure to the dye caused an eventual decrease in m.e.p.p. frequency and abolition of e.p.p.s. Coincident with this decline ;giant' m.e.p.p.s as large as 40 mV were observed.8. At dye concentrations greater than approximately 200 muM, Erythrosin B rapidly and reversibly increased the membrane potential and input resistance of muscle fibres. This post-synaptic effect was small and variable in normal saline, but was pronounced in low potassium solutions.9. During the period that release was enhanced by Erythrosin B, presynaptic nerve terminals contained the normal complement of synaptic vesicles and other organelles. Mitochondria were swollen in this condition.10. After m.e.p.p. frequency declined below normal levels and ;giant' m.e.p.p.s appeared, the number of synaptic vesicles within nerve terminals declined and dilated cisternae were present. Mitochondria were swollen further.11. These results do not reveal any mechanism to explain the ability of Erythrosin B to increase transmitter release, but the decline in release may be caused by partial depletion of synaptic vesicles. The ;giant' m.e.p.p.s could be due to the discharge of acetylcholine from cisternae.
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Robinson JR. Photodynamic insecticides: a review of studies on photosensitizing dyes as insect control agents, their practical application, hazards, and residues. RESIDUE REVIEWS 1983; 88:69-100. [PMID: 6348906 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5569-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Augustine GJ, Levitan H. Presynaptic effect of Erythrosin B at the frog neuromuscular junction: ion and photon sensitivity. J Physiol 1983; 334:65-77. [PMID: 6306232 PMCID: PMC1197300 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The anionic dye Erythrosin B increases quantal transmitter release from frog neuromuscular synapses. Experiments were performed to determine the role of ions and light in this presynaptic effect. 2. In calcium-free saline containing 1 mM-EGTA, Erythrosin B increased miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency at a more rapid rate than in normal saline. 3. The dye's effect was influenced by extracellular calcium ions in a complex manner. Dye-induced release was minimal in Ringer solution containing 0.1 mM-calcium, and higher in calcium concentrations above or below 0.1 mM. 4. Erythrosin B-induced spontaneous release also occurred in saline which contained 1 mM-EDTA and was free of both calcium and magnesium ions. 5. Temporary removal of external sodium ions did not alter the progressive increase in m.e.p.p. frequency produced by the dye. 6. Elevation of the potassium concentration of the external medium (from 2 to 20 mM), which presumably depolarized nerve terminals and increased their calcium permeability, did not change the rate of increase of dye-induced release when preparations were in a reversed (outward) electrochemical gradient for calcium ions. 7. A reduction in light intensity of at least six orders of magnitude reduced the effect of Erythrosin B by 50%, suggesting that photoactivation is not the primary basis for the dye's action. 8. These results indicate that Erythrosin B is not acting solely by altering the ionic permeability of the presynaptic nerve terminal to calcium, magnesium, or sodium ions, or by altering the calcium metabolism of the terminal. The enhanced effect of the dye in calcium-free saline suggests that it may be competing with calcium at a common site, while the enhancement of its effect in elevated external calcium suggests that the dye may also increase the permeability of the nerve terminal to calcium ions.
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Silbergeld EK, Anderson SM. Artificial food colors and childhood behavior disorders. BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 1982; 58:275-95. [PMID: 6288159 PMCID: PMC1805334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Valenzeno DP, Pooler JP. Cell membrane photomodification: relative effectiveness of halogenated fluoresceins for photohemolysis. Photochem Photobiol 1982; 35:343-50. [PMID: 7063550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb02572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Creutz CE, Scott JH, Pazoles CJ, Pollard HB. Further characterization of the aggregation and fusion of chromaffin granules by synexin as a model for compound exocytosis. J Cell Biochem 1982; 18:87-97. [PMID: 6121822 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1982.240180108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Synexin was isolated from bovine liver and found to aggregate adrenal chromaffin granules in the same Ca2+-dependent manner as previously described for adrenal synexin. The chromaffin granule aggregating activity of liver synexin was blocked in vitro by the addition of an antibody prepared to the 47,000 molecular weight band extracted from an SDS gel of an adrenal medullary synexin preparation. Chromaffin granules aggregated by synexin fused when exposed to cis-unsaturated fatty acids at concentrations comparable to those released from phospholipids by stimulated secretory cells. The synexin-induced aggregation reaction was blocked by Erythrosin B, a common food coloring, and by the phenothiazine antipsychotic trifluoperazine and promethazine. The aggregation and fusion of chromaffin granules thus appears to be a useful model system for studying synexin from diverse tissues and for testing pharmacologically or toxicologically active substances for effects on secretory systems.
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Finkel T, Levitan H, Carroll EJ. Fertilization in the sea urchin arbacia punctulata inhibited by fluorescein dyes: Evidence for a plasma membrane mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Abstract
The nexus or gap junction has been characterized as a low-resistance junction as well as a highly permeable junctional membrane to many molecules. The transfer of electrical current from one cell interior to another, the aqueous solubility of dyes used to trace cell to cell communication and the fact that these molecules move across the nexus more rapidly than the plasma membrane have led to the hypothesis of an aqueous channel in the junction. Both Ca2+ (ref.11) and H+ (ref. 12) are thought to alter nexal membrane conductance, and a voltage-sensitive gate has been demonstrated within the junction. Recently, Flagg-Newton et al. have concluded that mammalian junctions may contain fixed charge or be of smaller diameter than arthropod junctions. Here we have investigated these alternatives by examining the permeability of nexuses of septa of the median giant axon of Lumbricus terrestris with various derivatives of fluorescein. Both carboxyfluorescein and aminofluorescein were found to have depressed permeabilities relative to their predicted permeabilities based on molecular size and weight (MW). Flourescein diffusion was significantly suppressed in axons pre-injected with aminofluorescein but carboxyfluorescein had no such effect (Table 1). These data suggest the existence of fixed anionic charge within the nexal channel which may have affinity for amino groups.
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Augustine GJ, Levitan H. Neurotransmitter release from a vertebrate neuromuscular synapse affected by a food dye. Science 1980; 207:1489-90. [PMID: 6244619 DOI: 10.1126/science.6244619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The food dye erythrosine (Erythrosin B; FD & C No. 3) was applied to isolated neuromuscular synapses in the frog, and its effects on the spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine were examined with electrophysiological techniques. At concentrations of 10 muM or greater this anionic dye produced an irreversible, dose-dependent increase in neurotransmitter release. This increase did not depend on the presence of calcium ions in the bathing medium. These increase did not depend on the presence of calcium ions in the bathing medium. These results suggest that erythrosine might prove a useful pharmacological tool for studying the process of transmitter release, but that its use as a food additive should be reexamined.
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Weiss B, Williams JH, Margen S, Abrams B, Caan B, Citron LJ, Cox C, McKibben J, Ogar D, Schultz S. Behavioral responses to artificial food colors. Science 1980; 207:1487-9. [PMID: 7361103 DOI: 10.1126/science.7361103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two young children, maintained on a diet that excluded certain foods, were challenged intermittently with a blend of seven artificial colors in a double-blind trial. Parents' observations provided the criteria of response. One child that responded mildly to the challenge and one that responded dramatically were detected. The latter, a 34-month-old female, showed a significant increase in aversive behaviors. These results further confirm previous controlled studies.
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Mailman RB, Ferris RM, Tang FL, Vogel RA, Kilts CD, Lipton MA, Smith DA, Mueller RA, Breese GR. Erythrosine (Red No. 3) and its nonspecific biochemical actions: what relation to behavioral changes? Science 1980; 207:535-7. [PMID: 7352264 DOI: 10.1126/science.7352264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical studies have shown that the ability of erythrosine to inhibit dopamine uptake into brain synaptosomal preparations is dependent on the concentration of tissue present in the assay mixture. Thus, the finding that erythrosine inhibits dopamine uptake (which, if true, would provide a plausible explanation of the Feingold hypothesis of childhood hyperactivity) may simply be an artifact that results from nonspecific interactions with brain membranes. In addition, although erythrosine given parenterally (50 milligrams per kilogram) did not alter locomotor activity of control of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats, erythrosine (50 to 300 milligrams per kilogram) attenuated the effect of punishment in a "conflict" paradigm.
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Logan WJ, Swanson JM. Erythrosin B inhibition of neurotransmitter accumulation by rat brain homogenate. Science 1979; 206:363-4. [PMID: 39341 DOI: 10.1126/science.39341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of seven food dyes inhibited the accumulation of eight neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter precursors by rat brain homogenate. At a low concentration (1 microgram per milliliter), erythrosin B (FD&C red 3) was the only dye that inhibited dopamine accumulation. Erythrosin also was effective in decreasing the accumulation of all the other transmitter substances, suggesting that the inhibition is nonspecific and probably secondary to general membrane alteration.
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Pooler JP, Valenzeno DP. Physicochemical determinants of the sensitizing effectiveness for photooxidation of nerve membranes by fluorescein derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 1979; 30:491-8. [PMID: 504357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Lafferman JA, Silbergeld EK. Erythrosin B inhibits dopamine transport in rat caudate synaptosomes. Science 1979; 205:410-2. [PMID: 451609 DOI: 10.1126/science.451609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosin B is a member of a class of fluorescein dyes that are suggested to elicit hyperkinesis when ingested by susceptible children. We found that erythrosin B inhibits dopamine uptake in rat caudate synaptosomes "uncompetitively" in the 10- to 800-micromolar range. Half maximal inhibition of uptake occurred at 45 micromolar. Uncompetitive inhibition denotes a decrease in efficacy of the dopamine membrane transport mechanism with an increase in affinity of dopamine to the carrier. Erythrosin B also decreased nonsaturable binding of dopamine to the synaptosome membrane. The inhibitory action of erythrosin B on dopamine uptake is consistent with the hypothesis that erythrosin B can act as a central excitatory agent able to induce hyperkinetic behavior.
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Au W, Hsu TC. Studies on the clastogenic effects of biologic stains and dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 1979; 1:27-35. [PMID: 95447 DOI: 10.1002/em.2860010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have surveyed the clastogenic potential of 12 different groups of stains and dyes totalling 48 compounds. We observed that 18 compounds induced significant increase in chromosome damage. Most of them were also found to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or toxic in other reported studies. However, no significant studies were reported on six of them. It is concluded that these agents are potentially harzardous and should be studied further in detail.
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