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Virdee SS, Bashir NZ, Krstic M, Camilleri J, Grant MM, Cooper PR, Tomson PL. Periradicular tissue fluid-derived biomarkers for apical periodontitis: An in vitro methodological and in vivo cross-sectional study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1222-1240. [PMID: 37464545 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) offers a source of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for endodontic disease. AIMS (1) To optimize basic parameters for PTF paper point sampling in vitro for subsequent in vivo application. (2) To compare proteomes of PTF from teeth with normal apical tissues (NAT) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) using high-throughput panels. METHODOLOGY (1) To assess volume absorbance, paper points (n = 20) of multiple brands, sizes and sampling durations were inserted into PBS/1%BSA at several depths. Wetted lengths (mm) were measured against standard curves to determine volume absorbance (μL). To assess analyte recovery, paper points (n = 6) loaded with 2 μL recombinant IL-1β (15.6 ng/mL) were eluted into 250 μL: (i) PBS; (ii) PBS/1% BSA; (iii) PBS/0.1% Tween20; (iv) PBS/0.25 M NaCl. These then underwent: (i) vortexing; (ii) vortexing/centrifugation; (iii) centrifugation; (iv) incubation/vortexing/centrifugation. Sandwich-ELISAs determined analyte recovery (%) against positive controls. (2) Using optimized protocols, PTF was retrieved from permanent teeth with NAT or AAP after accessing root canals. Samples, normalized to total fluid volume (TFV), were analysed to determine proteomic profiles (pg/TFV) of NAT and AAP via O-link Target-48 panel. Correlations between AAP and diagnostic accuracy were explored using principal-component analysis (PCA) and area under receive-operating-characteristic curves (AUC [95% CI]), respectively. Statistical comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney U, anova and post hoc Bonferonni tests (α < .01). RESULTS (1) UnoDent's 'Classic' points facilitated maximum volume absorbance (p < .05), with no significant differences after 60 s (1.6 μL [1.30-1.73]), 1 mm depth and up to 40/0.02 (2.2 μL [1.98-2.20]). For elution, vortexing (89.3%) and PBS/1% BSA (86.9%) yielded the largest IL-1β recovery (p < .05). (2) 41 (NAT: 13; AAP: 31) PTF samples proceeded to analysis. The panel detected 18 analytes (CCL-2, -3, -4; CSF-1; CXCL-8, -9; HGF; IL-1β, -6, -17A, -18; MMP-1, -12; OLR-1; OSM; TNFSF-10, -12; VEGF-A) in ≥75% of AAP samples at statistically higher concentrations (p < .01). CXCL-8, IL-1β, OLR-1, OSM and TNFSF-12 were strongly correlated to AAP. 'Excellent' diagnostic performance was observed for TNFSF-12 (AUC: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.86-1.00]) and the PCA-derived cluster (AUC: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.89-1.00]). CONCLUSIONS Optimized PTF sampling parameters were identified in this study. When applied clinically, high-throughput proteomic analyses revealed complex interconnected networks of potential biomarkers. TNFSF-12 discriminated periradicular disease from health the greatest; however, clustering analytes further improved diagnostic accuracy. Additional independent investigations are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satnam S Virdee
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Milan Krstic
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Phillip L Tomson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry & Birmingham Dental Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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GEINDREAU M, BRUCHARD M, VEGRAN F. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Angiogenesis in a Tumor Context. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102446. [PMID: 35626056 PMCID: PMC9139472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor growth in solid cancers requires adequate nutrient and oxygen supply, provided by blood vessels created by angiogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that this mechanism plays a crucial role in cancer development and appears to be a well-defined hallmark of cancer. This process is carefully regulated, notably by cytokines with pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic features. In this review, we will discuss the role of cytokines in the modulation of angiogenesis. In addition, we will summarize the therapeutic approaches based on cytokine modulation and their clinical approval. Abstract During carcinogenesis, tumors set various mechanisms to help support their development. Angiogenesis is a crucial process for cancer development as it drives the creation of blood vessels within the tumor. These newly formed blood vessels insure the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tumor, helping its growth. The main factors that regulate angiogenesis are the five members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and has been the target of new therapies this past few years. However, angiogenesis is a complex phenomenon with many redundancy pathways that ensure its maintenance. In this review, we will first describe the consecutive steps forming angiogenesis, as well as its classical regulators. We will then discuss how the cytokines and chemokines present in the tumor microenvironment can induce or block angiogenesis. Finally, we will focus on the therapeutic arsenal targeting angiogenesis in cancer and the challenges they have to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannon GEINDREAU
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie BRUCHARD
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, UNICANCER, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC Labex, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique VEGRAN
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- CRI INSERM UMR1231 ‘Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer’ Team CAdiR, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, UNICANCER, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC Labex, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Nazeer MA, Karaoglu IC, Ozer O, Albayrak C, Kizilel S. Neovascularization of engineered tissues for clinical translation: Where we are, where we should be? APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021503. [PMID: 33834155 PMCID: PMC8024034 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in engineering three-dimensional tissue constructs is the development of a mature microvascular network capable of supplying sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the tissue. Recent angiogenic therapeutic strategies have focused on vascularization of the constructed tissue, and its integration in vitro; these strategies typically combine regenerative cells, growth factors (GFs) with custom-designed biomaterials. However, the field needs to progress in the clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies. The article first presents a detailed description of the steps in neovascularization and the roles of extracellular matrix elements such as GFs in angiogenesis. It then delves into decellularization, cell, and GF-based strategies employed thus far for therapeutic angiogenesis, with a particularly detailed examination of different methods by which GFs are delivered in biomaterial scaffolds. Finally, interdisciplinary approaches involving advancement in biomaterials science and current state of technological development in fabrication techniques are critically evaluated, and a list of remaining challenges is presented that need to be solved for successful translation to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Onur Ozer
- Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Cem Albayrak
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Chen H, Yu B, Guo X, Hua H, Cui F, Guan Y, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ma H. Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Decreases High Blood Pressure by Stabilizing the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639454. [PMID: 33841179 PMCID: PMC8024534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) in hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the anti-hypertensive effect of CIHH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in anti-hypertensive effect of CIHH. Methods Fifteen-week-old male SHR and WKY rats were divided into four groups: the SHR without CIHH treatment (SHR-CON), the SHR with CIHH treatment (SHR-CIHH), the WKY without CIHH treatment (WKY-CON), and the WKY with CIHH treatment (WKY-CIHH) groups. The SHR-CIHH and WKY-CIHH rats underwent 35-days of hypobaric hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4,000 m, 5 h per day. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded by biotelemetry, and angiotensin (Ang) II, Ang1–7, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α, and IL-10 in serum and the mesenteric arteries were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The microvessel tension recording technique was used to determine the contraction and relaxation of the mesenteric arteries. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s staining were used to observe vascular morphology and fibrosis. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, AT1, and Mas proteins in the mesenteric artery. Results The biotelemetry result showed that CIHH decreased arterial blood pressure in SHR for 3–4 weeks (P < 0.01). The ELISA and immunohistochemistry results showed that CIHH decreased Ang II, but increased Ang1–7 in serum and the mesenteric arteries of SHR. In the CIHH-treated SHR, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in serum and the mesenteric arteries, and IL-10 increased in serum (P < 0.05–0.01). The microvessel tension results revealed that CIHH inhibited vascular contraction with decreased Ang1–7 in the mesenteric arteries of SHR (P < 0.05–0.01). The staining results revealed that CIHH significantly improved vascular remodeling and fibrosis in SHR. The western blot results demonstrated that CIHH upregulated expression of the ACE2 and Mas proteins, and downregulated expression of the ACE and AT1 proteins (P < 0.05–0.01). Conclusion CIHH decreased high blood pressure in SHR, possibly by inhibiting RAS activity, downregulating the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and upregulating the ACE2-(Ang1-7)-Mas axis, which resulted in antagonized vascular remodeling and fibrosis, reduced inflammation, and enhanced vascular relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Emergency, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinqi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Electron Microscope Experimental Centre, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanming Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Rettinger CL, Kaini RR, Burke TA, Wang HC. Neurotrophic Factors Secreted by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Progenitors Promote Retinal Survival and Preservation in an Adult Porcine Neuroretina Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:301-312. [PMID: 33661042 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Paracrine factors released by pluripotent stem cells have shown great potential as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize trophic factor secretion of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to assess its impact on retinal survival ex vivo. Methods: RPCs were generated from human 3D1 iPSCs following previously established protocols with modifications. Conditioned medium (CM) was harvested from iPSC-derived retinal progenitors and analyzed for trophic factor composition through multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Retina-preserving capability of the collected CM was examined using a degenerative porcine neuroretina model. Viability of the CM-treated retina explants was evaluated using the resazurin-based PrestoBlue reagent, whereas the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to assess retinal cytotoxicity. Retina explants were also analyzed morphologically through immunohistochemistry for glial cell activation and apoptosis. Results: We have successfully generated and characterized iPSC-derived RPCs that secreted an array of neuroprotective factors, including osteopontin, hepatocyte growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Retina explants cultured in CM derived from iPSC-RPCs (iPSC-RPC-CM) showed better preservation of the retinal microarchitecture and fewer terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)+ nuclei, and reduced reactive gliosis. Furthermore, we saw a reduction in extracellular LDH levels in CM-treated retina explants, which also exhibited higher metabolic activity than the untreated controls. Conclusions: iPSC-derived RPCs secrete many trophic factors that have been shown to promote neuroprotection, tissue repair, and regeneration in the retina. Overall, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of iPSC-RPC-CM through a degenerative neuroretina model ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Rettinger
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramesh R Kaini
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Teresa A Burke
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular and Sensory Trauma Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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Nemati M, Karbalaei N, Mokarram P, Dehghani F. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the pancreatic islet survival and function, islet transplantation outcome and pancreatic pdx 1 and insulin gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Growth Factors 2020; 38:137-151. [PMID: 33569978 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic option in different fields based on its growth factors. We investigated influence of PRP on islet survival, function, transplantation outcomes, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats. In vitro: pancreatic isolated islets were incubated with/without PRP then viability, insulin secretion, and content were assessed. In vivo: Series 1 were designed to determine whether islet treatment with PRP improves transplantation outcome in diabetic rats by evaluating plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and oxidative parameters. Series 2, effects of PRP subcutaneous injection were evaluated on pancreatic genes expression and glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. PRP enhanced viability and secretary function of islet. Reduced glucose and malondialdehyde levels as well as increased insulin levels, superoxide dismutase activity, and expressions of pdx1 and insulin were observed in diabetic rats. PRP treatment has positive effects on islet viability, function, transplantation outcome, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Hypoxia: Turning vessels into vassals of cancer immunotolerance. Cancer Lett 2020; 487:74-84. [PMID: 32470491 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a universal feature of solid cancers caused by a mismatch between cellular oxygen supply and consumption. To meet the increased demand for oxygen, hypoxic cancer cells (CCs) induce a multifaceted process known as angiogenesis, wherein new vessels are formed by the sprouting of pre-existing ones. In addition to providing oxygen for growth and an exit route for dissemination, angiogenic vessels and factors are co-opted by CCs to enable the generation of an immunotolerant, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, leading to therapeutic failure and mortality. In this review, we discuss how hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR) control angiogenic factors serving both vascular and immunomodulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment. Possible therapeutic strategies, wherein targeting oxygen sensing might enhance anti-angiogenic and immunologically-mediated anti-cancer responses, are suggested.
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Lorenc VE, Lima e Silva R, Hackett SF, Fortmann SD, Liu Y, Campochiaro PA. Hepatocyte growth factor is upregulated in ischemic retina and contributes to retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:219-233. [PMID: 32259049 PMCID: PMC7133726 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with macular edema due to ischemic retinopathy, aqueous levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) correlate with edema severity. We tested whether HGF expression and activity in mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy supports a role in macular edema. In ischemic retina, HGF was increased in endogenous cells and macrophages associated with retinal neovascularization (NV). HGF activator was increased in and around retinal vessels potentially providing vascular targeting. One day after intravitreous injection of HGF, VE-cadherin was reduced and albumin levels in retina and vitreous were significantly increased indicating vascular leakage. Injection of VEGF caused higher levels of vitreous albumin than HGF, and co-injection of both growth factors caused significantly higher levels than either alone. HGF increased the number of macrophages on the retinal surface, which was blocked by anti-c-Met and abrogated in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)-/- mice. Injection of anti-c-Met significantly decreased leakage within 24 hours and after 5 days it reduced retinal NV in mice with ischemic retinopathy, but had no effect on choroidal NV. These data indicate that HGF is a pro-permeability, pro-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic factor and along with its activator is increased in ischemic retina providing support for a potential role of HGF in macular edema in ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria E. Lorenc
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Raquel Lima e Silva
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sean F. Hackett
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Seth D. Fortmann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Present address:
Department of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Peter A. Campochiaro
- Departments of Ophthalmology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Kosyakova N, Kao DD, Figetakis M, López-Giráldez F, Spindler S, Graham M, James KJ, Won Shin J, Liu X, Tietjen GT, Pober JS, Chang WG. Differential functional roles of fibroblasts and pericytes in the formation of tissue-engineered microvascular networks in vitro. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:1. [PMID: 31934351 PMCID: PMC6944695 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a perfusable microvascular network (μVN) is critical for tissue engineering of solid organs. Stromal cells can support endothelial cell (EC) self-assembly into a μVN, but distinct stromal cell populations may play different roles in this process. Here we describe the differential effects that two widely used stromal cell populations, fibroblasts (FBs) and pericytes (PCs), have on μVN formation. We examined the effects of adding defined stromal cell populations on the self-assembly of ECs derived from human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) into perfusable μVNs in fibrin gels cast within a microfluidic chamber. ECs alone failed to fully assemble a perfusable μVN. Human lung FBs stimulated the formation of EC-lined μVNs within microfluidic devices. RNA-seq analysis suggested that FBs produce high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Addition of recombinant HGF improved while the c-MET inhibitor, Capmatinib (INCB28060), reduced μVN formation within devices. Human placental PCs could not substitute for FBs, but in the presence of FBs, PCs closely associated with ECs, formed a common basement membrane, extended microfilaments intercellularly, and reduced microvessel diameters. Different stromal cell types provide different functions in microvessel assembly by ECs. FBs support μVN formation by providing paracrine growth factors whereas PCs directly interact with ECs to modify microvascular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kosyakova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Derek D. Kao
- Yale College of Undergraduate Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Maria Figetakis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Susann Spindler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Yale Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Kevin J. James
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jee Won Shin
- Yale College of Undergraduate Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Yale Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - William G. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles rescue erectile function by enhancing penile neurovascular regeneration in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20072. [PMID: 31882614 PMCID: PMC6934510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted particular interest in various fields of biology and medicine. However, one of the major hurdles in the clinical application of EV-based therapy is their low production yield. We recently developed cell-derived EV-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) by extruding cells serially through filters with diminishing pore sizes (10, 5, and 1 μm). Here, we demonstrate in diabetic mice that embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived EV-mimetic NVs (ESC-NVs) completely restore erectile function (~96% of control values) through enhanced penile angiogenesis and neural regeneration in vivo, whereas ESC partially restores erectile function (~77% of control values). ESC-NVs promoted tube formation in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells and pericytes under high-glucose condition in vitro; and accelerated microvascular and neurite sprouting from aortic ring and major pelvic ganglion under high-glucose condition ex vivo, respectively. ESC-NVs enhanced the expression of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors (hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin-1, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3), and activated cell survival and proliferative factors (Akt and ERK). Therefore, it will be a better strategy to use ESC-NVs than ESCs in patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to pharmacotherapy, although it remains to be solved for future clinical application of ESC.
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Zhou Y, Liu C, He J, Dong L, Zhu H, Zhang B, Feng X, Weng W, Cheng K, Yu M, Wang H. KLF2 + stemness maintains human mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration. Stem Cells 2019; 38:395-409. [PMID: 31721356 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are undifferentiated stem cells with the property of stemness and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages, including osteoblasts, have attracted a great deal of attention in bone tissue engineering. Consistent with the heterogeneity of MSCs, various surface markers have been used. However, it is still unclear which markers of MSCs are best for cell amplification in vitro and later bone regeneration in vivo. Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) is an important indicator of the stemness of human MSCs (hMSCs) and as early vascularization is also critical for bone regeneration, we used KLF2 as a novel in vitro marker for MSCs and investigated the angiogenesis and osteogenesis between KLF2+ MSCs and endothelial cells (ECs). We found a synergistic interaction between hMSCs and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) in that KLF2+ stemness-maintained hMSCs initially promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs, which in turn more efficiently stimulated the osteogenesis of hMSCs. In fact, KLF2+ hMSCs secreted angiogenic factors initially, with some of the cells then differentiating into pericytes through the PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling pathway, which improved blood vessel formation. The matured HUVECs in turn synergistically enhanced the osteogenesis of KLF2+ hMSCs through upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor. A three-dimensional coculture model using cell-laden gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel further confirmed these results. This study provides insight into the stemness-directed synergistic interaction between hMSCs and HUVECs, and our results will have a profound impact on further strategies involving the application of KLF2+ hMSC/HUVEC-laden GelMA hydrogel in vascular network bioengineering and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang He
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fang Y, Wu D, Birukov KG. Mechanosensing and Mechanoregulation of Endothelial Cell Functions. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:873-904. [PMID: 30873580 PMCID: PMC6697421 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semiselective barrier for macromolecules and cell elements regulated by dynamic interactions between cytoskeletal elements and cell adhesion complexes. ECs also participate in many other vital processes including innate immune reactions, vascular repair, secretion, and metabolism of bioactive molecules. Moreover, vascular ECs represent a unique cell type exposed to continuous, time-dependent mechanical forces: different patterns of shear stress imposed by blood flow in macrovasculature and by rolling blood cells in the microvasculature; circumferential cyclic stretch experienced by the arterial vascular bed caused by heart propulsions; mechanical stretch of lung microvascular endothelium at different magnitudes due to spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular ECs contain mechanosensory complexes, which rapidly react to changes in mechanical loading, process the signal, and develop context-specific adaptive responses to rebalance the cell homeostatic state. The significance of the interactions between specific mechanical forces in the EC microenvironment together with circulating bioactive molecules in the progression and resolution of vascular pathologies including vascular injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has been only recently recognized. This review will summarize the current understanding of EC mechanosensory mechanisms, modulation of EC responses to humoral factors by surrounding mechanical forces (particularly the cyclic stretch), and discuss recent findings of magnitude-specific regulation of EC functions by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms using -omics approaches. We also discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities in developing new therapies targeting dysregulated mechanosensing mechanisms to treat vascular diseases. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:873-904, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Elevated plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor in rats experimentally envenomated with Bothrops jararaca venom: Role of snake venom metalloproteases. Toxicon 2019; 162:9-14. [PMID: 30849454 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met pathway, which mainly consists of HGF activator (HGFA) and its substrate HGF, protects various types of cells via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory signals. Thrombin is the main physiological activator of such plasmatic pathway, and increased plasma concentrations of HGF have been considered as a molecular marker for some pathological conditions, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation. Since thrombin generation is often linked to tissue injury, and these events are common during snake venom-induced consumption coagulopathies (VICC), our goals were to examine whether Bothrops jararaca venom (Bjv), which induces VICC in vivo: (i) activates the HGF/c-met pathway in vivo and (ii) cleaves zymogen forms of HGFA and HGF (proHGFA and proHGF, respectively) in vitro. Two experimental groups (n = 6, each) of male adult Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with 500 μL of 0.9% NaCl solution (control) or sub-lethal doses (1.6 mg/kg) of Bjv. Three hours after envenomation, whole blood samples were collected from the carotid arteries to evaluate relevant coagulation parameters using rotational thromboelastometry and fibrinogen level (colorimetric assay). Additionally, the plasma concentration of HGF was assayed (ELISA). Thromboelastometric assays showed that blood clotting and fibrin polymerization were severely impaired 3 h after Bjv injection. Total plasma HGF concentrations were almost 6-fold higher in the Bjv-injected group (410.0 ± 91) compared with control values (68 ± 18 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Western blotting assay showed that Bjv processed proHGFA and proHGF, generating bands resembling those generated by thrombin and kallikrein, respectively. In contrast to the serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF), the metalloprotease inhibitor ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2-EDTA) strongly reduced the ability of Bjv to process proHGFA and generated one active band similar to that of thrombin. Since Bjv contains prothrombin and factor X activators, increased intravascular thrombin formation might partly explain the increased HGF levels after bothropic envenomation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that snake venom metalloproteases may be determinant for elevation of plasma levels of HGF in rats experimentally envenomated with Bjv.
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Schito L. Hypoxia-Dependent Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1136:71-85. [PMID: 31201717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is a ubiquitous feature of solid cancers, arising as a mismatch between cellular O2 supply and consumption. Hypoxia is associated to metastatic disease and mortality owing to its ability to stimulate the formation of blood (angiogenesis) and lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis), thereby allowing cancer cells to escape the unfavorable tumor microenvironment and disseminate into secondary sites. This review outlines molecular mechanisms by which intratumoral hypoxia regulates the expression of motogenic and mitogenic factors that induce angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, whilst discussing their implications for metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Schito
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Kareemaghay S, Tavassoli M. Clinical immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:419-436. [PMID: 30401512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for more than 550,000 cases and 380,000 deaths annually. The primary risk factors associated with HNSCC are tobacco use and alcohol consumption; nevertheless genetic predisposition and oncogenic viruses also play important roles in the development of these malignancies. The current treatments for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and cetuximab, and combinations of these. However, these treatments are associated with significant toxicity, and many patients are either refractory to the treatment or relapse after a short period. Despite improvements in the treatment of patients with HNSCC, the clinical outcomes of those who have been treated with standard therapies have remained unchanged for over three decades and the 5-year overall survival rate in these patients remains around 40-50%. Therefore, more specific and less toxic therapies are needed in order to improve patient outcomes. The tumour microenvironment of HNSCC is immunosuppressive; therefore immunotherapy strategies that can overcome the immunosuppressive environment and produce long-term tumour immunosurveillance will have a significant therapeutic impact in these patients. This review focuses on the current immunological treatment options under investigation or available for clinical use in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kareemaghay
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Tavassoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, London, UK.
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16
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Kim JB, Kobayashi Y, Kuznetsova T, Moneghetti KJ, Brenner DA, O'Malley R, Dao C, Wu JC, Fischbein M, Craig Miller D, Yeung AC, Liang D, Haddad F, Fearon WF. Cytokines profile of reverse cardiac remodeling following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:83-88. [PMID: 30219541 PMCID: PMC6140353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that cytokines and growth factors may predict ventricular recovery following aortic valve replacement (AVR). The primary objective of this study was to identify cytokines that predict ventricular recovery following transcatheter AVR (TAVR). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 121 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR. Standard echocardiographic assessment at baseline, 1-month and 1-year after TAVR included left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Blood samples were obtained at the time of the procedure to measure cytokines using a 63-plex Luminex platform. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was performed to identify cytokines associated with ventricular remodeling and function at baseline as well as 1 year after TAVR. RESULTS The mean age was 84 ± 9 years, with a majority of male subjects (59%), a mean LVMI of 120.4 ± 45.1 g/m2 and LVGLS of -13.0 ± 3.2%. On average, LV mass decreased by 8.1% and GLS improved by 20.3% at 1 year following TAVR. Among cytokines assayed, elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) emerged as a common factor significantly associated with worse baseline LVMI and GLS as well as reduced ventricular recovery (p < 0.005). Other factors associated with ventricular recovery included a select group of vascular growth factors, inflammatory mediators and tumor necrosis factors, including VEGF-D, ICAM-1, TNFβ, and IL1β. CONCLUSION We identified a network of cytokines, including HGF, that are significantly correlated with baseline LVMI and GLS, and ventricular recovery following TAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kegan J Moneghetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel A Brenner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ryan O'Malley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Dao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Fischbein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - D Craig Miller
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alan C Yeung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William F Fearon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Hervieu A, Kermorgant S. The Role of PI3K in Met Driven Cancer: A Recap. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30406111 PMCID: PMC6207648 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Met, overexpressed or mutated in cancer, plays a major role in cancer progression and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. However RTK inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, explaining the necessity to develop therapies that target downstream signaling. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the most deregulated pathways in cancer and implicated in various types of cancer. PI3K signaling is also a major signaling pathway downstream of RTK, including Met. PI3K major effectors include Akt and "mechanistic Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR), which each play key roles in numerous and various cell functions. Advancements made due to the development of molecular and pharmaceutical tools now allow us to delve into the roles of each independently. In this review, we summarize the current understanding we possess of the activation and role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, downstream of Met, in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Chemopreventive and antitumor effects of benzyl isothiocynate on HCC models: A possible role of HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis and VEGF. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:65-75. [PMID: 30216802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a member of the isothiocyanate compounds that found in cruciferous vegetables. BITC has a potential anticancer effect in different types of tumors. Few studies referred to the antineoplastic effect of BITC against HCC. The mechanism of BITC concerning retardation of HCC progression is incompletely understood. AIM OF THE WORK This study evaluated the role of HGF, pAkt and STAT3 in BITC induced HCC growth retardation. METHOD HCC was induced in mice using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 75 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks. BITC 10 and 20 mg/kg was given to mice orally each day for 10 weeks. The HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7 were also used to evaluate the effect of BITC on tumor cells behavior. Immunoassay was used to detect expressions of caspase-3 activity, VEGF, MMP-2, TNF-α, HGF and pAkt. STAT3 expression was detected in liver tissues using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS BITC has a potential role in suppressing hepatic precancerous lesion progression in mice. The drug increased caspase-3 activity in tumor cells and inhibited the angiogenic marker VEGF. It also decreased the metastatic marker MMP-2. This anticancer effect of BITC was observed in DEN treated mice as well as in hepatoma cell lines. The reported antineoplastic activity was correlated with downregulation of HGF and its downstream molecules pAkt and STAT3. CONCLUSION The effect of BITC on HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis has a potential role in both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of BITC.
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19
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Schito L. Bridging angiogenesis and immune evasion in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1072-R1084. [PMID: 30183339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00209.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is a ubiquitous microenvironmental factor promoting cancer progression, metastasis, and mortality, owing to the ability of cancer cells to co-opt physiological angiogenic responses. Notwithstanding, the pathophysiological induction of angiogenesis results in an abnormal tumor vasculature, further aggravating hypoxia in a feedforward loop that limits the efficacy of molecular targeted therapies. Recent studies suggest that, besides their canonical roles, angiogenic factors promote a panoply of immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, intratumoral hypoxia emerges as a hitherto unrecognized mechanism evolutionarily repurposing angiogenic molecules as (patho)physiological immunomodulators. On the other hand, antiangiogenic therapies could be aimed at impeding both tumor growth and immunotolerance toward cancer cells, a beneficial effect that can be countered if hypoxia signaling pathways are left unchecked, leading to therapeutic failure. This review summarizes evidence supporting the hypothesis that hypoxia acts as a common pathophysiological mechanism of resistance to immunotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agents while proposing potential strategies to curtail resistance and mortality in patients bearing solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Schito
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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20
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HGF promotes HTR-8/SVneo cell migration through activation of MAPK/PKA signaling leading to up-regulation of WNT ligands and integrins that target β-catenin. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:11-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Scott AJ, Arcaroli JJ, Bagby SM, Yahn R, Huber KM, Serkova NJ, Nguyen A, Kim J, Thorburn A, Vogel J, Quackenbush KS, Capasso A, Schreiber A, Blatchford P, Klauck PJ, Pitts TM, Eckhardt SG, Messersmith WA. Cabozantinib Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity in Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models via Autophagy and Signaling Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2112-2122. [PMID: 30026382 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy used in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) inevitably succumbs to treatment resistance. Upregulation of MET may play an essential role to acquired anti-VEGF resistance. We previously reported that cabozantinib (XL184), an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) including MET, AXL, and VEGFR2, had potent antitumor effects in mCRC patient-derived tumor explant models. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of cabozantinib sensitivity, using regorafenib as a control. The tumor growth inhibition index (TGII) was used to compare treatment effects of cabozantinib 30 mg/kg daily versus regorafenib 10 mg/kg daily for a maximum of 28 days in 10 PDX mouse models. In vivo angiogenesis and glucose uptake were assessed using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and [18F]-FDG-PET imaging, respectively. RNA-Seq, RTK assay, and immunoblotting analysis were used to evaluate gene pathway regulation in vivo and in vitro Analysis of TGII demonstrated significant antitumor effects with cabozantinib compared with regorafenib (average TGII 3.202 vs. 48.48, respectively; P = 0.007). Cabozantinib significantly reduced vascularity and glucose uptake compared with baseline. Gene pathway analysis showed that cabozantinib significantly decreased protein activity involved in glycolysis and upregulated proteins involved in autophagy compared with control, whereas regorafenib did not. The combination of two separate antiautophagy agents, SBI-0206965 and chloroquine, plus cabozantinib increased apoptosis in vitro Cabozantinib demonstrated significant antitumor activity, reduction in tumor vascularity, increased autophagy, and altered cell metabolism compared with regorafenib. Our findings support further evaluation of cabozantinib and combinational approaches targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2112-22. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Scott
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Banner University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - John J Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Yahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kendra M Huber
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Nguyen
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jon Vogel
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kevin S Quackenbush
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna Schreiber
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Patrick Blatchford
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter J Klauck
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Thiagarajan H, Thiyagamoorthy U, Shanmugham I, Dharmalingam Nandagopal G, Kaliyaperumal A. Angiogenic growth factors in myocardial infarction: a critical appraisal. Heart Fail Rev 2018. [PMID: 28639006 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, substantial advances have been made in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the impact of these positive developments, MI remains to be a leading cause of morbidity as well as mortality. An interesting hypothesis is that the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) or the remodeling of preexisting collaterals may form natural bypasses that could compensate for the occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery. A number of angiogenic factors are proven to be elicited during MI. Exogenous supplementation of these growth factors either in the form of recombinant protein or gene would enhance the collateral vessel formation and thereby improve the outcome after MI. The aim of this review is to describe the nature and potentials of different angiogenic factors, their expression, their efficacy in animal studies, and clinical trials pertaining to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Thiagarajan
- Department of Biological Materials, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
| | - UmaMaheswari Thiyagamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, 625 014, India
| | - Iswariya Shanmugham
- Department of Biological Materials, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
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Bell EJ, Decker PA, Tsai MY, Pankow JS, Hanson NQ, Wassel CL, Larson NB, Cohoon KP, Budoff MJ, Polak JF, Stein JH, Bielinski SJ. Hepatocyte growth factor is associated with progression of atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:162-167. [PMID: 29609131 PMCID: PMC5908230 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has previously been associated with risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that higher circulating HGF is associated with greater progression of measures of atherosclerosis: coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid plaque. METHODS Participants aged 45-84 years from the prospective cohort study Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis had HGF measured at baseline (between 2000 and 2002) and were followed for progression of atherosclerosis for up to 12 years. CAC was measured at all five exams using the Agatston method. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the association of HGF and CAC progression among 6695 participants with available data. Relative risk regression was used to assess the association between HGF and new or additional carotid plaque between exams 1 and 5 in 3400 participants with available data. All point estimates were adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Each standard deviation higher HGF at baseline was associated with 2.9 Agatston units/year greater CAC progression (95% CI: 1.6-4.2, p < 0.0001), and the magnitude of this association differed by race/ethnicity (p value for interaction by race = 0.003). Each standard deviation higher HGF at baseline was associated with a 4% higher risk of new or additional carotid plaque (95% CI: 1.01-1.08, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of HGF were significantly associated with greater progression of atherosclerosis in this large and diverse population. Circulating HGF continues to show promise as a potential clinical biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Bell
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naomi Q Hanson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina L Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin P Cohoon
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - James H Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suzette J Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway: stromal remodelling in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76722-76739. [PMID: 29100344 PMCID: PMC5652738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-tumor interactions in pancreatic cancer (PC) impact on treatment outcomes. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) produce the collagenous stroma of PC and interact with cancer cells to facilitate disease progression. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. HGF is produced by PSCs and its receptor c-MET is expressed on pancreatic cancer cells. We studied the effects on PC progression of inhibiting the HGF/c-MET pathway in the presence and absence of a representative chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine. Using an orthotopic model of PC we have shown that “triple therapy” (inhibition of both HGF and c-MET combined with gemcitabine) resulted in the greatest reduction in tumor volume compared to each of the treatments alone or in dual combinations. Importantly, metastasis was virtually eliminated in mice receiving triple therapy. Our in vivo findings were supported by in vitro studies showing that the increase in cancer cell proliferation and migration in response to PSC secretions was significantly inhibited by the triple regimen. Our studies suggest that a combined approach, that targets tumor cells by chemotherapy while inhibiting specific pathways that mediate stromal-tumor interactions, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in PC.
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Hamoen KE, Morgan JR. Transient Hyperproliferation of a Transgenic Human Epidermis Expressing Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a fibroblast-derived protein that affects the growth, motility, and differentiation of epithelial cells including epidermal keratinocytes. To investigate the role of HGF in cutaneous biology and to explore the possibility of using it in a tissue engineering approach, we used retroviral-mediated gene transfer to introduce the gene encoding human HGF into diploid human keratinocytes. Modified cells synthesized and secreted significant levels of HGF in vitro and the proliferation of keratinocytes expressing HGF was enhanced compared with control unmodified cells. To investigate the effects of HGF in vivo, we grafted modified keratinocytes expressing HGF onto athymic mice using acellular dermis as a substrate. When compared with controls, HGF-expressing keratinocytes formed a hyperproliferative epidermis. The epidermis was thicker, had more cells per length of basement membrane, and had increased numbers of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells, many of which were suprabasal in location. Hyperproliferation subsided and the epidermis was equivalent to controls by 2 weeks, a time frame that coincides with healing of the graft. Transient hyperproliferation may be linked to the loss of factors present in the wound that activate HGF. These data suggest that genetically modified skin substitutes secreting HGF may have applications in wound closure and the promotion of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hamoen
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey R. Morgan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
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Bielinski SJ, Berardi C, Decker PA, Larson NB, Bell EJ, Pankow JS, Sale MM, Tang W, Hanson NQ, Wassel CL, de Andrade M, Budoff MJ, Polak JF, Sicotte H, Tsai MY. Hepatocyte growth factor demonstrates racial heterogeneity as a biomarker for coronary heart disease. Heart 2017; 103:1185-1193. [PMID: 28572400 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a promising biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD) given its release into circulation in response to endothelial damage, is associated with subclinical and clinical CHD in a racial/ethnic diverse population. METHODS HGF was measured in 6738 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Highest mean HGF values (pg/mL) were observed in Hispanic, followed by African, non-Hispanic white, then Chinese Americans. RESULTS In all races/ethnicities, HGF levels were associated with older age, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass index, lower high-density lipoprotein, diabetes and current smoking. In fully adjusted models, each SD higher HGF was associated with an average increase in coronary artery calcium (CAC) of 55 Agatston units for non-Hispanic whites (p<0.001) and 51 Agatston units for African-Americans (p=0.007) but was not in the other race/ethnic groups (interaction p=0.02). There were 529 incident CHD events, and CHD risk was 41% higher in African (p<0.001), 17% in non-Hispanic white (p=0.026) and Chinese (p=0.36), and 6% in Hispanic Americans (p=0.56) per SD increase in HGF. CONCLUSION In a large and diverse population-based cohort, we report that HGF is associated with subclinical and incident CHD. We demonstrate evidence of racial/ethnic heterogeneity within these associations, as the results are most compelling in African-Americans and non-Hispanic white Americans. We provide evidence that HGF is a biomarker of atherosclerotic disease that is independent of traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette J Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cecilia Berardi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bell
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michele M Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naomi Q Hanson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina L Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Landau S, Szklanny AA, Yeo GC, Shandalov Y, Kosobrodova E, Weiss AS, Levenberg S. Tropoelastin coated PLLA-PLGA scaffolds promote vascular network formation. Biomaterials 2017; 122:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shintani T, Kusuhara Y, Daizumoto K, Dondoo TO, Yamamoto H, Mori H, Fukawa T, Nakatsuji H, Fukumori T, Takahashi M, Kanayama H. The Involvement of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-MET-Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Signaling in Bladder Cancer Invasiveness and Proliferation. Effect of the MET Inhibitor, Cabozantinib (XL184), on Bladder Cancer Cells. Urology 2016; 101:169.e7-169.e13. [PMID: 28013036 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the invasive mechanisms of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCa) would be useful for the determination of appropriate treatment strategies. We previously showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET signaling is correlated with invasiveness of BCa cells. Here, we investigated the effects of the MET inhibitor, cabozantinib (XL184), on BCa cells. METHODS We first conducted Western blot analysis to investigate MET expression in BCa cell lines. Next, we examined the effect of cabozantinib on their proliferation and invasive abilities using MTT and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Invasion assays were performed using the xCELLigence system. Additionally, to investigate the biological function of HGF-MET signaling, we analyzed gene expression profiles and performed real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 5637 cells that were cultivated with or without HGF stimulation, with or without cabozantinib. RESULTS MET was highly expressed in 4 of 5 BCa cell lines, and 5637 and T24 cells showed especially high protein expression of MET. Cabozantinib suppressed cell proliferation and invasion (cell index; mock, 1.49 vs HGF, 2.26 vs HGF + XL184, 1.47, P < .05). Gene expression profile analysis indicated that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) was significantly elevated at the mRNA level with addition of HGF. Moreover, cabozantinib suppressed HGF-induced MMP1 expression in 5637 T24 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that cabozantinib suppressed MMP1 expression by blocking HGF-MET signaling and that HGF-MET-MMP1 signaling is involved in the invasiveness and proliferation of BCa cells. These results suggest that cabozantinib might prove useful for future treatment of muscle-invasive BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumichi Shintani
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kusuhara
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kei Daizumoto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tsogt-Ochir Dondoo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Mori
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukawa
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nakatsuji
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Fukumori
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Kanayama
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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İşcan E, Güneş A, Korhan P, Yılmaz Y, Erdal E, Atabey N. The regulatory role of heparin on c-Met signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:155-166. [PMID: 27975162 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of heparin as an anticoagulant is well defined; however, its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression is not clear yet. Some studies have shown that anticoagulant treatment in cancer patients improve overall survival, however, recent clinical trials have not shown a survival benefit in cancer patients receiving heparin treatment. In our previous studies we have shown the inhibitory effects of heparin on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-induced invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we showed the differential effects of heparin on the behaviors of HCC cells based on the presence or absence of HGF. In the absence of HGF, heparin activated HGF/c-Met signaling and promoted motility and invasion in HCC cells. Heparin treatment led to c-Met receptor dimerization and activated c-Met signaling in an HGF independent manner. Heparin-induced c-Met activation increased migration and invasion through ERK1/2, early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) axis. Interestingly, heparin modestly decreased the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting activatory phosphorylation of Akt. The inhibition of c-Met signaling reversed heparin-induced increase in motility and invasion and, proliferation inhibition. Our study provides a new perspective into the role of heparin on c-Met signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin İşcan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysim Güneş
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Peyda Korhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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31
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Daudigeos-Dubus E, Le Dret L, Bawa O, Opolon P, Vievard A, Villa I, Bosq J, Vassal G, Geoerger B. Dual inhibition using cabozantinib overcomes HGF/MET signaling mediated resistance to pan-VEGFR inhibition in orthotopic and metastatic neuroblastoma tumors. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:203-211. [PMID: 27922668 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MET is expressed on neuroblastoma cells and may trigger tumor growth, neoangiogenesis and metastasis. MET upregulation further represents an escape mechanism to various anticancer treatments including VEGF signaling inhibitors. We developed in vitro a resistance model to pan-VEGFR inhibition and explored the simultaneous inhibition of VEGFR and MET in neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo using cabozantinib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases including VEGFR2, MET, AXL and RET. Resistance in IGR-N91-Luc neuroblastoma cells under continuous in vitro exposure pressure to VEGFR1-3 inhibition using axitinib was associated with HGF and p-ERK overexpression. Cabozantinib exhibited anti-proliferative effects in neuroblastoma cells and reduced cell migration in vitro as measured by phase-contrast with IncuCyte system. In vivo, an enhanced number of animals with IGR-N91-Luc metastases was noted following axitinib treatment as compared to control animals. Orally administered cabozantinib per gavage at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited tumor growth of orthotopic adrenal IGR-N91-Luc and metastatic IMR-32-Luc xenografts. Antitumor activity was associated with decreased vascularization, inhibition of p-SRC and induction of apoptotic cell death. Activation of the HGF-mediated MET pathway is involved in escape to selective VEGFR inhibition in neuroblastoma suggesting combined inhibition of MET and VEGFR signaling to reduce secondary resistance and enhanced invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Daudigeos-Dubus
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludivine Le Dret
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- Preclinical Evaluation Platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Preclinical Evaluation Platform, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Irène Villa
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Kwon MH, Park SH, Song KM, Ghatak K, Limanjaya A, Ryu DS, Ock J, Hong SS, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Penile erection induces angiogenic, survival, and antifibrotic signals: molecular events associated with penile erection induced by cavernous nerve stimulation in mice. Int J Urol 2016; 23:614-22. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Park
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Anita Limanjaya
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Ryu
- Department of Urology; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Samsung Changwon Hospital; Changwon Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
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Wang D, Saga Y, Sato N, Nakamura T, Takikawa O, Mizukami H, Matsubara S, Fujiwara H. The hepatocyte growth factor antagonist NK4 inhibits indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase expression via the c-Met-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2303-9. [PMID: 27082119 PMCID: PMC4863924 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme involved in tumor malignancy. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying its involvement remains largely uncharacterized. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that NK4, an antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), can regulate IDO and to characterize the signaling mechanism involved. Following successful transfection of the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 (which constitutively expresses IDO) with an NK4 expression vector, we observed that NK4 expression suppressed IDO expression; furthermore, NK4 expression did not suppress cancer cell growth in vitro [in the absence of natural killer (NK) cells], but did influence tumor growth in vivo. In addition, NK4 enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to NK cells in vitro and promoted NK cell accumulation in the tumor stroma in vivo. In an effort to clarify the mechanisms by which NK4 interacts with IDO, we performed investigations utilizing various biochemical inhibitors. The results of these investigations were as follows. First, c-Met (a receptor of HGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor PHA-665752, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 both suppress IDO expression. Second, enhanced expression of PTEN (a known tumor suppressor) via negative regulation within a PI3K-AKT pathway, inhibits IDO expression. Conversely, neither the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 nor the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 affects IDO expression. These results suggest that NK4 inhibits IDO expression via a c-Met-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoto Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Pothula SP, Xu Z, Goldstein D, Biankin AV, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Hepatocyte growth factor inhibition: a novel therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:269-80. [PMID: 26766740 PMCID: PMC4742591 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs, which produce the stroma of pancreatic cancer (PC)) interact with cancer cells to facilitate PC growth. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the HGF-c-MET pathway. METHODS Effects of HGF inhibition (using a neutralising antibody AMG102) alone or in combination with gemcitabine were assessed (i) in vivo using an orthotopic model of PC, and (ii) in vitro using cultured PC cells (AsPC-1) and human PSCs. RESULTS We have shown that human PSCs (hPSCs) secrete HGF but do not express the receptor c-MET, which is present predominantly on cancer cells. HGF inhibition was as effective as standard chemotherapy in inhibiting local tumour growth but was significantly more effective than gemcitabine in reducing tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. HGF inhibition has resulted in reduced metastasis; however, interestingly this antimetastatic effect was lost when combined with gemcitabine. This suggests that gemcitabine treatment selects out a subpopulation of cancer cells with increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-cell characteristics, as supported by our findings of increased expression of EMT and stem-cell markers in tumour sections from our animal model. In vitro studies showed that hPSC secretions induced proliferation and migration, but inhibited apoptosis, of cancer cells. These effects were countered by pretreatment of hPSC secretions with a HGF-neutralising antibody but not by gemcitabine, indicating a key role for HGF in PSC-PC interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that targeted therapy to inhibit stromal-tumour interactions mediated by the HGF-c-MET pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach in PC that will require careful modelling for optimal integration with existing treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Cancer Research Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase receptor, also known as c-Met, is the HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor. The HGF/Met pathway has a prominent role in cardiovascular remodelling after tissue injury. The present review provides a synopsis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HGF/Met in the heart and blood vessels. In vivo, HGF/Met function is particularly important for the protection of the heart in response to both acute and chronic insults, including ischaemic injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, conditional deletion of Met in cardiomyocytes results in impaired organ defence against oxidative stress. After ischaemic injury, activation of Met provides strong anti-apoptotic stimuli for cardiomyocytes through PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. Recently, we found that HGF/Met is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes via the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. HGF/Met induces proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) activation. In fibroblasts, HGF/Met antagonizes the actions of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and AngII (angiotensin II), thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, HGF/Met influences the inflammatory response of macrophages and the immune response of dendritic cells, indicating its protective function against atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases. The HGF/Met axis also plays an important role in regulating self-renewal and myocardial regeneration through the enhancement of cardiac progenitor cells. HGF/Met has beneficial effects against myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction: the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying repair function in the heart and blood vessels are common and include pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Thus administration of HGF or HGF mimetics may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of both coronary and peripheral artery disease.
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Russo AJ. Decreased Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (Akt) in Individuals with Autism Associated with High Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Low Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Biomark Insights 2015; 10:89-94. [PMID: 26508828 PMCID: PMC4607071 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway could contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. In this study, phosphorylated Akt concentration was measured in 37 autistic children and 12, gender and age similar neurotypical, controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Akt levels were compared to biomarkers known to be associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor) pathways and severity levels of 19 autism-related symptoms. We found phosphorylated Akt levels significantly lower in autistic children and low Akt levels correlated with high EGFR and HGF and low gamma-aminobutyric acid, but not other biomarkers. Low Akt levels also correlated significantly with increased severity of receptive language, conversational language, hypotonia, rocking and pacing, and stimming, These results suggest a relationship between decreased phosphorylated Akt and selected symptom severity in autistic children and support the suggestion that the AKT pathways may be associated with the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Russo
- Department of Biology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY, USA. ; Pfeiffer Medical Center, Health Research Institute, Warrenville, IL, USA
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Campochiaro PA, Hafiz G, Mir TA, Scott AW, Sophie R, Shah SM, Ying HS, Lu L, Chen C, Campbell JP, Kherani S, Zimmer-Galler I, Wenick A, Han I, Paulus Y, Sodhi A, Wang G, Qian J. Pro-Permeability Factors After Dexamethasone Implant in Retinal Vein Occlusion; the Ozurdex for Retinal Vein Occlusion (ORVO) Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:313-321.e19. [PMID: 25908486 PMCID: PMC6600806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate aqueous vasoactive protein changes with macular edema after dexamethasone implant in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). DESIGN Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS Twenty-three central RVO (CRVO) and 17 branch RVO (BRVO) subjects with edema despite prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment had aqueous taps at baseline and 4 and 16 weeks after dexamethasone implant. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and center subfield thickness were measured every 4 weeks. Aqueous vasoactive protein levels were measured by protein array or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Thirty-two vasoactive proteins were detected in aqueous in untreated eyes with macular edema due to RVO. Reduction in excess foveal thickness after dexamethasone implant correlated with reduction in persephin and pentraxin 3 (Pearson correlation coefficients = 0.682 and 0.638, P = .014 and P = .003). Other protein changes differed among RVO patients as edema decreased, but ≥50% of patients showed reductions in hepatocyte growth factor, endocrine gland VEGF, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, or endostatin by ≥30%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 18 eyes (12 CRVO, 6 BRVO) showed baseline levels of hepatocyte growth factor and VEGF of 168.2 ± 20.1 pg/mL and 78.7 ± 10.0 pg/mL, and each was reduced in 12 eyes after dexamethasone implant. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone implants reduce several pro-permeability proteins providing a multitargeted approach in RVO. No single protein in addition to VEGF can be implicated as a contributor in all patients. Candidates for contribution to chronic edema in subgroups of patients that deserve further study include persephin, hepatocyte growth factor, and endocrine gland VEGF.
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Yin GN, Das ND, Choi MJ, Song KM, Kwon MH, Ock J, Limanjaya A, Ghatak K, Kim WJ, Hyun JS, Koh GY, Ryu JK, Suh JK. The pericyte as a cellular regulator of penile erection and a novel therapeutic target for erectile dysfunction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10891. [PMID: 26044953 PMCID: PMC4456662 DOI: 10.1038/srep10891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are known to play critical roles in vascular development and homeostasis. However, the distribution of cavernous pericytes and their roles in penile erection is unclear. Herein we report that the pericytes are abundantly distributed in microvessels of the subtunical area and dorsal nerve bundle of mice, followed by dorsal vein and cavernous sinusoids. We further confirmed the presence of pericytes in human corpus cavernosum tissue and successfully isolated pericytes from mouse penis. Cavernous pericyte contents from diabetic mice and tube formation of cultured pericytes in high glucose condition were greatly reduced compared with those in normal conditions. Suppression of pericyte function with anti-PDGFR-β blocking antibody deteriorated erectile function and tube formation in vivo and in vitro diabetic condition. In contrast, enhanced pericyte function with HGF protein restored cavernous pericyte content in diabetic mice, and significantly decreased cavernous permeability in diabetic mice and in pericytes-endothelial cell co-culture system, which induced significant recovery of erectile function. Overall, these findings showed the presence and distribution of pericytes in the penis of normal or pathologic condition and documented their role in the regulation of cavernous permeability and penile erection, which ultimately explore novel therapeutics of erectile dysfunction targeting pericyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Nando Dulal Das
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Anita Limanjaya
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seog Hyun
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- 1] National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea [2] Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea
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Petrini I. Biology of MET: a double life between normal tissue repair and tumor progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:82. [PMID: 25992381 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
MNNG HOS transforming gene (MET) is a class IV receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. The interaction with the hepatocyte grow factor (HGF) induces MET dimerization and the activation of multiple intracellular pathways leading to cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, morphogenic differentiation, motility, invasion, and angiogenesis. Knock out mice have demonstrated that MET is necessary for normal embryogenesis including the formation of striate muscles, liver and trophoblastic structures. The overexpression of MET and HGF are common in solid tumors and contribute to determine their growth. Indeed, MET has been cloned as a transforming gene from a chemically induced human osteosarcoma cell line and therefore is considered a proto-oncogene. Germline MET mutations are characteristic of hereditary papillary kidney cancers and MET amplification is observed in tumors including lung and gastric adenocarcinomas. The inhibition of MET signaling is the target for specific drugs that are raising exciting expectation for medical treatment of cancer.
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Hwang S, Kim HE, Min M, Raghunathan R, Panova IP, Munshi R, Ryu B. Epigenetic Silencing of SPINT2 Promotes Cancer Cell Motility via HGF-MET Pathway Activation in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2283-2291. [PMID: 25910030 PMCID: PMC4537358 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant HGF-MET signaling activation via interactions with surrounding stromal cells in tumor microenvironment plays significant roles in malignant tumor progression. However, extracellular proteolytic regulation of HGF activation which is influenced by the tumor microenvironment and its consequential effects on melanoma malignancy remain uncharacterized. In this study we identified SPINT2: a proteolytic inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), which plays a significant role in the suppression of the HGF-MET pathway and malignant melanoma progression. SPINT2 expression is significantly lower in metastatic melanoma tissues compared to those in early stage primary melanomas which also corresponded with DNA methylation levels isolated from tissue samples. Treatment with the DNA hypomethylating agent decitabine in cultured melanoma cells induced transcriptional reactivation of SPINT2, suggesting that this gene is epigenetically silenced in malignant melanomas. Furthermore, we show that ectopically expressed SPINT2 in melanoma cells inhibits HGF induced MET-AKT signaling pathway and decreases malignant phenotype potential such as cell motility, and invasive growth of melanoma cells. These results suggest that SPINT2 is associated with tumor suppressive functions in melanoma by inhibiting an extracellular signal regulator of HGF which is typically activated by tumor-stromal interactions. These findings indicate that epigenetic impairment of the tightly regulated cytokine-receptor communications in tumor microenvironment may contribute to malignant tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyean Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, BK21 Plus Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Min
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Izabela P Panova
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Ruchi Munshi
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Byungwoo Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts, USA.
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Raghav KPS, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Blumenschein GR. Role of HGF/MET axis in resistance of lung cancer to contemporary management. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:179-93. [PMID: 25806180 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer related mortality with over 1 million cancer deaths worldwide. Numerous therapies have been developed for the treatment of lung cancer including radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Histology, stage of presentation and molecular aberrations are main determinants of prognosis and treatment strategy. Despite the advances that have been made, overall prognosis for lung cancer patients remains dismal. Chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy yield objective response rates of about 35% to 60% in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Even with good initial responses, median overall survival of is limited to about 12 months. This reflects that current therapies are not universally effective and resistance develops quickly. Multiple mechanisms of resistance have been proposed and the MET/HGF axis is a potential key contributor. The proto-oncogene MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor gene) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) interact and activate downstream signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT) pathways that regulate gene expression that promotes carcinogenesis. Aberrant MET/HGF signaling promotes emergence of an oncogenic phenotype by promoting cellular proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. The MET/HGF axis has been implicated in various tumor types including lung cancers and is associated with adverse clinicopathological profile and poor outcomes. The MET/HGF axis plays a major role in development of radioresistance and chemoresistance to platinums, taxanes, camtothecins and anthracyclines by inhibiting apoptosis via activation of PI3K-AKT pathway. DNA damage from these agents induces MET and/or HGF expression. Another resistance mechanism is inhibition of chemoradiation induced translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) thereby preventing apoptosis. Furthermore, this MET/HGF axis interacts with other oncogenic signaling pathways such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway. This functional cross-talk forms the basis for the role of MET/HGF axis in resistance against anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF targeted therapies. MET and/or HGF overexpression from gene amplification and activation are mechanisms of resistance to cetuximab and EGFR-TKIs. VEGF inhibition promotes hypoxia induced transcriptional activation of MET proto-oncogene that promotes angiogenesis and confers resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. An extensive understanding of these resistance mechanisms is essential to design combinations with enhanced cytotoxic effects. Lung cancer treatment is challenging. Current therapies have limited efficacy due to primary and acquired resistance. The MET/HGF axis plays a key role in development of this resistance. Combining MET/HGF inhibitors with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy holds promise for improving outcomes.
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The MET gene is a common integration target in avian leukosis virus subgroup J-induced chicken hemangiomas. J Virol 2015; 89:4712-9. [PMID: 25673726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03225-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a simple retrovirus that can cause hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens and is currently a major economic problem in Asia. Here we characterize ALV-J strain PDRC-59831, a newly studied U.S. isolate of ALV-J. Five-day-old chicken embryos were infected with this virus, and the chickens developed myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas within 2 months after hatching. To investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis, we employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze proviral integration sites in these tumors. We found expanded clones with integrations in the MET gene in two of the five hemangiomas studied. This integration locus was not seen in previous work characterizing ALV-J-induced myeloid leukosis. MET is a known proto-oncogene that acts through a diverse set of signaling pathways and is involved in many neoplasms. We show that tumors harboring MET integrations exhibit strong overexpression of MET mRNA. IMPORTANCE These data suggest that ALV-J induces oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis, and integrations in the MET oncogene can drive the overexpression of MET and contribute to the development of hemangiomas.
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Miyata Y, Asai A, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Mochizuki Y, Sakai H. Met in urological cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2387-403. [PMID: 25521854 PMCID: PMC4276973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is considered to be a proto-oncogene. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-Met signaling system plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in many types of malignancies. Furthermore, Met expression has been reported to be a useful predictive biomarker for disease progression and patient survival in these malignancies. Many studies have focused on the clinical significance and prognostic role of Met in urological cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and urothelial cancer. Several preclinical studies and clinical trials are in progress. In this review, the current understanding of the pathological role of Met in cancer cell lines, its clinical significance in cancer tissues, and its predictive value in patients with urological cancers are summarized. In particular, Met-related malignant behavior in castration-resistant PCa and the different pathological roles Met plays in papillary RCC and other histological types of RCC are the subjects of focus. In addition, the pathological significance of phosphorylated Met in these cancers is shown. In recent years, Met has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer; therapeutic strategies used by Met-targeted agents in urological cancers are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Mochizuki
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Jardim DLF, Tang C, Gagliato DDM, Falchook GS, Hess K, Janku F, Fu S, Wheler JJ, Zinner RG, Naing A, Tsimberidou AM, Holla V, Li MM, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Luthra R, Salgia R, Kurzrock R, Meric-Bernstam F, Hong DS. Analysis of 1,115 patients tested for MET amplification and therapy response in the MD Anderson Phase I Clinic. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6336-45. [PMID: 25326232 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess MET amplification among different cancers, association with clinical factors and genetic aberrations and targeted therapy response modifications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN From May 2010 to November 2012, samples from patients with advanced tumors referred to the MD Anderson Phase I Clinic were analyzed for MET gene amplification by FISH. Patient demographic, histologic characteristics, molecular characteristics, and outcomes in phase I protocols were compared per MET amplification status. RESULTS Of 1,115 patients, 29 (2.6%) had MET amplification. The highest prevalence was in adrenal (2 of 13; 15%) and renal (4 of 28; 14%) tumors, followed by gastroesophageal (6%), breast (5%), and ovarian cancers (4%). MET amplification was associated with adenocarcinomas (P = 0.007), high-grade tumors (P = 0.003), more sites of metastasis, higher BRAF mutation, and PTEN loss (all P < 0.05). Median overall survival was 7.23 and 8.62 months for patients with and without a MET amplification, respectively (HR = 1.12; 95% confidence intervals, 0.83-1.85; P = 0.29). Among the 20 patients with MET amplification treated on a phase I protocol, 4 (20%) achieved a partial response with greatest response rate on agents targeting angiogenesis (3 of 6, 50%). No patient treated with a c-MET inhibitor (0 of 7) achieved an objective response. CONCLUSION MET amplification was detected in 2.6% of patients with solid tumors and was associated with adenocarcinomas, high-grade histology, and higher metastatic burden. Concomitant alterations in additional pathways (BRAF mutation and PTEN loss) and variable responses on targeted therapies, including c-MET inhibitors, suggest that further studies are needed to target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis L F Jardim
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debora De Melo Gagliato
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gerald S Falchook
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph G Zinner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vijaykumar Holla
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marylin M Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Zheng Q, Wu H, Cao J, Ye J. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type‑1 in cancer: advances and perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2779-85. [PMID: 25310042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Large‑scale efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, particularly in the advanced stages, in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1), also known as serine protease inhibitor Kunitz type 1, inhibits the activity of several trypsin-like serine proteases. In particular, HAI-1 suppresses hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator and matriptase, resulting in subsequent inhibition of HGF/scatter factor and macrophage‑stimulating protein (MSP). HGF and MSP are involved in cancer development and progression, via the receptors Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Ron RTK, respectively. Therefore, HAI-1-mediated downregulation of HGF and MSP signaling may suppress tumorigenesis and progression in certain types of cancers. Abnormal HAI-1 expression levels have been observed in various types of human cancer. The exact function of HAI-1 in cancer pathogenesis, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this review, the focus is on the potential impact of aberrant HAI-1 expression levels on tumorigenesis and progression, the underlying mechanisms, and areas that require further investigation to clarify the precise role of HAI-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Molife LR, Dean EJ, Blanco-Codesido M, Krebs MG, Brunetto AT, Greystoke AP, Daniele G, Lee L, Kuznetsov G, Myint KT, Wood K, de las Heras B, Ranson MR. A Phase I, Dose-Escalation Study of the Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Golvatinib, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6284-94. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Patel MB, Pothula SP, Xu Z, Lee AK, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Apte MV, Wilson JS. The role of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway in pancreatic stellate cell-endothelial cell interactions: antiangiogenic implications in pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1891-900. [PMID: 24876152 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated cancer-associated human pancreatic stellate cells (CAhPSCs, which produce the collagenous stroma of pancreatic cancer [PC]) are known to play a major role in PC progression. Apart from inducing cancer cell proliferation and migration, CAhPSCs have also been implicated in neoangiogenesis in PC. However, the mechanisms mediating the observed angiogenic effects of CAhPSCs are unknown. A candidate pathway that may be involved in this process is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway and its helper molecule, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This study investigated the effects of CAhPSC secretions on endothelial cell function in the presence and absence of HGF, c-MET and uPA inhibitors. HGF levels in CAhPSC secretions were quantified using ELISA. CAhPSC secretions were then incubated with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and angiogenesis assessed by quantifying HMEC-1 tube formation and proliferation. CAhPSC-secreted HGF significantly increased HMEC-1 tube formation and proliferation; notably, these effects were downregulated by inhibition of HGF, its receptor c-MET and uPA. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was downregulated during inhibition of the HGF/c-MET pathway, whereas phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and ERK1/2 remained unaffected. Our studies have shown for the first time that CAhPSCs induce proliferation and tube formation of HMEC-1 and that the HGF/c-MET pathway plays a major role in this induction. Given that standard antiangiogenic treatment targeting vascular endothelial growth factor has had limited success in the clinical setting, the findings of the current study provide strong support for a novel, alternative antiangiogenic approach targeting the HGF/c-MET and uPA pathways in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishaal B Patel
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Lee
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia.
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
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Zhang HT, Wang L, Ai J, Chen Y, He CX, Ji YC, Huang M, Yang JY, Zhang A, Ding J, Geng MY. SOMG-833, a novel selective c-MET inhibitor, blocks c-MET-dependent neoplastic effects and exerts antitumor activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:36-45. [PMID: 24741075 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET signaling axis plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis, and therefore presents as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Notably, most small-molecule c-MET inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials are multitarget inhibitors with the unwanted inhibition of additional kinases, often accounting for undesirable toxicity. Here, we discovered SOMG-833 [3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-(3-nitrobenzylamino)-7-(trifluoromethyl) quinoline] as a potent and selective small-molecule c-MET inhibitor, with an average IC50 of 0.93 nM against c-MET, over 10,000-fold more potent compared with 19 tyrosine kinases, including c-MET family members and highly homologous kinases. SOMG-833 strongly suppressed c-MET-mediated signaling transduction regardless of mechanistic complexity implicated in c-MET activation, including MET gene amplification, MET gene fusion, and HGF-stimulated c-MET activation. In a panel of 24 human cancer or genetically engineered model cell lines, SOMG-833 potently inhibited c-MET-driven cell proliferation, whereas cancer cells lacking c-MET activation were markedly less sensitive (at least 15-fold) to the treatment. SOMG-833 also suppressed c-MET-mediated migration, invasion, urokinase activity, and invasive growth phenotype. In addition, inhibition of primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and downregulation of plasma proangiogenic factor interleukin-8 secretion resulted from SOMG-833 treatment, suggesting its significant antiangiogenic properties. Together, these results led to the remarkable antitumor efficacy of SOMG-833 in vivo, as demonstrated in c-MET-dependent NIH-3T3/TPR-MET, U-87MG, and EBC-1 xenograft models. Collectively, our results suggested SOMG-833 as a promising candidate for highly selective c-MET inhibition and a powerful tool to investigate the sole role of MET kinase in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-chun Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-yu Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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49
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Barrow-McGee R, Kermorgant S. Met endosomal signalling: In the right place, at the right time. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Flann KL, Rathbone CR, Cole LC, Liu X, Allen RE, Rhoads RP. Hypoxia simultaneously alters satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis and hepatocyte growth factor expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:572-9. [PMID: 24122166 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a multifaceted process requiring the spatial and temporal coordination of myogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a pivotal role in myogenesis by activating satellite cells (SC) in regenerating muscle and likely plays a role as a contributor to revascularization. Moreover, repair of a functional blood supply is critical to ameliorate tissue ischemia and restore skeletal muscle function, however effects of hypoxia on satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the role of HGF and effect of hypoxia on the capacity of satellite cells to promote angiogenesis. To characterize the role of HGF, a microvascular fragment (MVF) culture model coupled with satellite cell conditioned media (CM) was employed. The activity of HGF was specifically blocked in SC CM reducing sprout length compared to control CM. In contrast, MVF sprout number did not differ between control or HGF-deficient SC CM media. Next, we cultured MVF in the presence of CM from satellite cells exposed to normoxic (20% O2 ) or hypoxic (1% O2 ) conditions. Hypoxic CM recapitulated a MVF angiogenic response identical to HGF deficient satellite cell CM. Hypoxic conditions increased satellite cell HIF-1α protein abundance and VEGF mRNA abundance but decreased HGF mRNA abundance compared to normoxic satellite cells. Consistent with reduced HGF gene expression, HGF promoter activity decreased during hypoxia. Taken together, this data indicates that hypoxic modulation of satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis involves a reduction in satellite cell HGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Flann
- Physiological Sciences Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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