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Yang W, Arora M, Han HW, Jiang W, Kim DM, Ai W, Pan Q, Kumar MNVR, Brashear WA, Sun Y, Guo S. ZnPP-laden nanoparticles improve glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation during obesity. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2886-2904. [PMID: 38679457 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have shown that haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a proinflammatory role during metabolic stress, suggesting that HO-1 inhibition could be an effective strategy to treat T2DM. However, the application of HO-1 inhibitors is restricted due to solubility-limited bioavailability. In this study, we encapsulated the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), within nanoparticles and investigated their role in regulating glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation during obesity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We delivered DMSO-dissolved ZnPP (DMSO-ZnPP) and ZnPP-laden nanoparticles (Nano-ZnPP) to diet-induced obese male mice for 6 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out, liver and adipose tissue gene expression profiles analysed, and systemic inflammation analysed using flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Nanoparticles significantly increased the delivery efficiency of ZnPP in both cells and mice. In mice with diet-induced obesity, inhibition of HO-1 by Nano-ZnPP significantly decreased adiposity, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, Nano-ZnPP treatment attenuated both local and systemic inflammatory levels during obesity. Mechanistically, Nano-ZnPP significantly attenuated glucagon, TNF, and fatty acid synthesis signalling pathways in the liver. In white adipose tissue, the oxidative phosphorylation signalling pathway was enhanced and the inflammation signalling pathway diminished by Nano-ZnPP. Our results show that Nano-ZnPP has better effects on the improvement of glucose homeostasis and attenuation of chronic inflammation, than those of DMSO-dissolved ZnPP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that ZnPP-laden nanoparticles are potential therapeutic agents for treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Hye Won Han
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Da Mi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Wesley A Brashear
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Paulus L, Gallardo-Villagrán M, Carrion C, Ouk C, Martin F, Therrien B, Léger DY, Liagre B. The Effect of Photosensitizer Metalation Incorporated into Arene-Ruthenium Assemblies on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13614. [PMID: 37686420 PMCID: PMC10488040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer for men and a major health issue. Despite treatments, a lot of side effects are observed. Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive method that uses photosensitizers and light to induce cell death through the intramolecular generation of reactive oxygen species, having almost no side effects. However, some of the PSs used in PDT show inherent low solubility in biological media, and accordingly, functionalization or vectorization is needed to ensure internalization. To this end, we have used arene-ruthenium cages in order to deliver PSs to cancer cells. These metalla-assemblies can host PSs inside their cavity or be constructed with PS building blocks. In this study, we wanted to determine if the addition of metals (Mg, Co, Zn) in the center of these PSs plays a role. Our results show that most of the compounds induce cytotoxic effects on DU 145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Localization by fluorescence confirms the internalization of the assemblies in the cytoplasm. An analysis of apoptotic processes shows a cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, thus leading to a strong induction of DNA fragmentation. Finally, the presence of metals in the PS decreases PDT's effect and can even annihilate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Paulus
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (M.G.-V.); (F.M.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (M.G.-V.); (F.M.); (D.Y.L.)
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - Claire Carrion
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Catherine Ouk
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, F-87000 Limoges, France; (C.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Frédérique Martin
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (M.G.-V.); (F.M.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
| | - David Yannick Léger
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (M.G.-V.); (F.M.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (M.G.-V.); (F.M.); (D.Y.L.)
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Gallardo-Villagrán M, Paulus L, Champavier Y, Leger DY, Therrien B, Liagre B. Combination of tetrapyridylporphyrins and arene ruthenium(II) complexes to treat synovial sarcoma by photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four tetrapyridylporphyrin and four dipyridylporphyrin arene ruthenium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. In these complexes, the porphyrin core is either metal-free or occupied by zinc, and the arene ligand of the arene ruthenium units are either the standard methyl-isopropyl-benzene ([Formula: see text]cymene) or the less common phenylpropanol (PhPrOH) derivative. The porphyrin derivatives are coordinated to four arene ruthenium units or only two, in accordance with the number of pyridyl substituents at the periphery of the porphyrins, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPyP) and 5,15-diphenyl-10,20-di(pyridin-4-yl)porphyrin (DPhDPyP). All eight complexes were evaluated as anticancer agents on synovial sarcoma cells, in the presence and absence of light, suggesting that both the arene ligand and the porphyrin core substituent can play a crucial role in fine-tuning the photodynamic activity of such organometallic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Paulus
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Yves Champavier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
- BISCEm, NMR platform, Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé (CBRS), Limoges, France
| | - David Yannick Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, F-87025 Limoges, France
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Evaluation of Ruthenium-Based Assemblies as Carriers of Photosensitizers to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis by Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122104. [PMID: 34959385 PMCID: PMC8706357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, ruthenium-based assemblies have been used as carriers for photosensitizers in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by photodynamic therapy (PDT). These metallacages are totally soluble in physiological media and can transport photosensitizers (PS) in their cavity. After an incubation period, the PS is released in the cytoplasm and irradiation can take place. This strategy allows photosensitizers with low or null solubility in biological media to be evaluated as PDT agents in rheumatoid arthritis. The systems in which 21H,23H-porphine and 29H,31H-phthalocyanine are encapsulated show excellent photocytotoxicity and no toxicity in the dark. On the other hand, systems in which metalated derivatives such as Mg(II)-porphine and Zn(II)-phthalocyanine are used show good photocytotoxicity, but to a lesser extent than the previous two. Furthermore, the presence of Zn(II)-phthalocyanine significantly increases the toxicity of the system. Overall, fifteen different host–guest systems have been evaluated, and based on the results obtained, they show high potential for treating rheumatoid arthritis by PDT.
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5
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Szade A, Szade K, Mahdi M, Józkowicz A. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in hematopoietic system and its microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4639-4651. [PMID: 33787980 PMCID: PMC8195762 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic system transports all necessary nutrients to the whole organism and provides the immunological protection. Blood cells have high turnover, therefore, this system must be dynamically controlled and must have broad regeneration potential. In this review, we summarize how this complex system is regulated by the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-an enzyme, which degrades heme to biliverdin, ferrous ion and carbon monoxide. First, we discuss how HO-1 influences hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renewal, aging and differentiation. We also describe a critical role of HO-1 in endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells that constitute the specialized bone marrow niche of HSC. We further discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which HO-1 modulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we highlight how modulation of HO-1 activity regulates the mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic cells to peripheral blood. We critically discuss the issue of metalloporphyrins, commonly used pharmacological modulators of HO-1 activity, and raise the issue of their important HO-1-independent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mahdi Mahdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Luu Hoang KN, Anstee JE, Arnold JN. The Diverse Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658315. [PMID: 33868304 PMCID: PMC8044534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active catabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and ferrous iron (Fe2+). HO-1 is expressed across a range of cancers and has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression through a variety of mechanisms. HO-1 can be expressed in a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), including both the malignant tumor cells as well as stromal cell populations such as macrophages, dendritic cells and regulatory T-cells. Intrinsically to the cell, HO-1 activity provides antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects via its catabolites as well as clearing toxic intracellular heme. However, the catabolites of heme degradation can also diffuse outside of the cell to extrinsically modulate the wider TME, influencing cellular functionality and biological processes which promote tumor progression, such as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as promoting anti-inflammation and immune suppression. Pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic approach to promote anti-tumor immune responses and inhibit metastasis. However, these biological functions might be context, TME and cell type-dependent as there is also conflicting reports for HO-1 activity facilitating anti-tumoral processes. This review will consider our current understanding of the role of HO-1 in cancer progression and as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ngan Luu Hoang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Anstee
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Martinez M, Fendley GA, Saxberg AD, Zoghbi ME. Stimulation of the human mitochondrial transporter ABCB10 by zinc-mesoporphrin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238754. [PMID: 33253225 PMCID: PMC7703921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis occurs through a series of reactions that take place within the cytoplasm and mitochondria, so intermediates need to move across these cellular compartments. However, the specific membrane transport mechanisms involved in the process are not yet identified. The ATP-binding cassette protein ABCB10 is essential for normal heme production, as knocking down this transporter in mice is embryonically lethal and accompanied by severe anemia plus oxidative damage. The role of ABCB10 is unknown, but given its location in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it has been proposed as a candidate to export either an early heme precursor or heme. Alternatively, ABCB10 might transport a molecule important for protection against oxidative damage. To help discern between these possibilities, we decided to study the effect of heme analogs, precursors, and antioxidant peptides on purified human ABCB10. Since substrate binding increases the ATP hydrolysis rate of ABC transporters, we have determined the ability of these molecules to activate purified ABCB10 reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs using ATPase measurements. Under our experimental conditions, we found that the only heme analog increasing ABCB10 ATPase activity was Zinc-mesoporphyrin. This activation of almost seventy percent was specific for ABCB10, as the ATPase activity of a negative control bacterial ABC transporter was not affected. The activation was also observed in cysteine-less ABCB10, suggesting that Zinc-mesoporphyrin's effect did not require binding to typical heme regulatory motifs. Furthermore, our data indicate that ABCB10 was not directly activated by neither the early heme precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid nor glutathione, downsizing their relevance as putative substrates for this transporter. Although additional studies are needed to determine the physiological substrate of ABCB10, our findings reveal Zinc-mesoporphyrin as the first tool compound to directly modulate ABCB10 activity and raise the possibility that some actions of Zinc-mesoporphyrin in cellular and animal studies could be mediated by ABCB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Martinez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Fendley
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandra D. Saxberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
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8
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Chen AJ, Yuan X, Li J, Dong P, Hamza I, Cheng JX. Label-Free Imaging of Heme Dynamics in Living Organisms by Transient Absorption Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3395-3401. [PMID: 29401392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heme, a hydrophobic and cytotoxic macrocycle, is an essential cofactor in a large number of proteins and is important for cell signaling. This must mean that heme is mobilized from its place of synthesis or entry into the cell to other parts of the cell where hemoproteins reside. However, the cellular dynamics of heme movement is not well understood, in large part due to the inability to image heme noninvasively in live biological systems. Here, using high-resolution transient absorption microscopy, we showed that heme storage and distribution is dynamic in Caenorhabditis elegans. Intracellular heme exists in concentrated granular puncta which localizes to lysosomal-related organelles. These granules are dynamic, and their breaking down into smaller granules provides a mechanism by which heme stores can be mobilized. Collectively, these direct and noninvasive dynamic imaging techniques provide new insights into heme storage and transport and open a new avenue for label-free investigation of heme function and regulation in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Puting Dong
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Photonics Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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9
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Zucca P, Neves CMB, Simões MMQ, Neves MDGPMS, Cocco G, Sanjust E. Immobilized Lignin Peroxidase-Like Metalloporphyrins as Reusable Catalysts in Oxidative Bleaching of Industrial Dyes. Molecules 2016; 21:E964. [PMID: 27455229 PMCID: PMC6272862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic and bioinspired metalloporphyrins are a class of redox-active catalysts able to emulate several enzymes such as cytochromes P450, ligninolytic peroxidases, and peroxygenases. Their ability to perform oxidation and degradation of recalcitrant compounds, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic compounds, sulfides, and nitroso-compounds, has been deeply investigated. Such a broad substrate specificity has suggested their use also in the bleaching of textile plant wastewaters. In fact, industrial dyes belong to very different chemical classes, being their effective and inexpensive oxidation an important challenge from both economic and environmental perspective. Accordingly, we review here the most widespread synthetic metalloporphyrins, and the most promising formulations for large-scale applications. In particular, we focus on the most convenient approaches for immobilization to conceive economical affordable processes. Then, the molecular routes of catalysis and the reported substrate specificity on the treatment of the most diffused textile dyes are encompassed, including the use of redox mediators and the comparison with the most common biological and enzymatic alternative, in order to depict an updated picture of a very promising field for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, SP1 Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
- Consorzio UNO Oristano, via Carmine snc, Oristano 09170, Italy.
| | - Cláudia M B Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Mário M Q Simões
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | | | - Gianmarco Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, SP1 Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario, SP1 Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
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Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling Stimulates Erythropoiesis through Multiple Lineage-Specific Transcription Factors: Clinical Implications and a Novel Target for Erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144561. [PMID: 26727002 PMCID: PMC4699757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been directed to the physiological effects of nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling, but virtually nothing is known about its hematologic effects. We reported for the first time that cGMP signaling induces human γ-globin gene expression. Aiming at developing novel therapeutics for anemia, we examined here the hematologic effects of NO-cGMP signaling in vivo and in vitro. We treated wild-type mice with NO to activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a key enzyme of cGMP signaling. Compared to untreated mice, NO-treated mice had higher red blood cell counts and total hemoglobin but reduced leukocyte counts, demonstrating that when activated, NO-cGMP signaling exerts hematopoietic effects on multiple types of blood cells in vivo. We next generated mice which overexpressed rat sGC in erythroid and myeloid cells. The forced expression of sGCs activated cGMP signaling in both lineage cells. Compared with non-transgenic littermates, sGC mice exhibited hematologic changes similar to those of NO-treated mice. Consistently, a membrane-permeable cGMP enhanced the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors toward erythroid-lineage cells but inhibited them toward myeloid-lineage cells by controlling multiple lineage-specific transcription factors. Human γ-globin gene expression was induced at low but appreciable levels in sGC mice carrying the human β-globin locus. Together, these results demonstrate that NO-cGMP signaling is capable of stimulating erythropoiesis in both in vitro and vivo settings by controlling the expression of multiple lineage-specific transcription factors, suggesting that cGMP signaling upregulates erythropoiesis at the level of gene transcription. The NO-cGMP signaling axis may constitute a novel target to stimulate erythropoiesis in vivo.
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11
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Boddu R, Hull TD, Bolisetty S, Hu X, Moehle MS, Daher JPL, Kamal AI, Joseph R, George JF, Agarwal A, Curtis LM, West AB. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 deficiency is protective in rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney injury. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4078-93. [PMID: 25904107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common known genetic cause of Parkinson's disease, and LRRK2 is also linked to Crohn's and Hansen's disease. LRRK2 is expressed in many organs in mammals but is particularly abundant in the kidney. We find that LRRK2 protein is predominantly localized to collecting duct cells in the rat kidney, with much lower expression in other kidney cells. While genetic knockout (KO) of LRRK2 expression is well-tolerated in mice and rats, a unique age-dependent pathology develops in the kidney. The cortex and medulla of LRRK2 KO rat kidneys become darkly pigmented in early adulthood, yet aged animals display no overt signs of kidney failure. Accompanying the dark pigment we find substantial macrophage infiltration in LRRK2 KO kidneys, suggesting the presence of chronic inflammation that may predispose to kidney disease. Unexpectedly, the dark kidneys of the LRRK2 KO rats are highly resistant to rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury compared with wild-type rats. Biochemical profiling of the LRRK2 KO kidneys using immunohistochemistry, proteomic and lipidomic analyses show a massive accumulation of hemoglobin and lipofuscin in renal tubules that account for the pigmentation. The proximal tubules demonstrate a corresponding up-regulation of the cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which is capable of mitigating acute kidney injury. The unusual kidney pathology of LRRK2 KO rats highlights several novel physiological roles for LRRK2 and provides indirect evidence for HO-1 expression as a protective mechanism in acute kidney injury in LRRK2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xianzhen Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA and
| | - Mark S Moehle
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA and
| | - João Paulo Lima Daher
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA and
| | | | | | | | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA
| | - Lisa M Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA
| | - Andrew B West
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA and
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Nam TS, Park KH, Shawl AI, Kim BJ, Han MK, Kim Y, Moss J, Kim UH. Critical role for NAD glycohydrolase in regulation of erythropoiesis by hematopoietic stem cells through control of intracellular NAD content. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16362-73. [PMID: 24759100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.560359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD glycohydrolases (NADases) catalyze the hydrolysis of NAD to ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. Although many members of the NADase family, including ADP-ribosyltransferases, have been cloned and characterized, the structure and function of NADases with pure hydrolytic activity remain to be elucidated. Here, we report the structural and functional characterization of a novel NADase from rabbit reticulocytes. The novel NADase is a glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein exclusively expressed in reticulocytes. shRNA-mediated knockdown of the NADase in bone marrow cells resulted in a reduction of erythroid colony formation and an increase in NAD level. Furthermore, treatment of bone marrow cells with NAD, nicotinamide, or nicotinamide riboside, which induce an increase in NAD content, resulted in a significant decrease in erythroid progenitors. These results indicate that the novel NADase may play a critical role in regulating erythropoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells by modulating intracellular NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sik Nam
- From the Department of Biochemistry, National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, and
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry, National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, and
| | - Asif Iqbal Shawl
- From the Department of Biochemistry, National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, and
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry, National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, and
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-182, Korea
| | - Youngho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea, and
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry, National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-182, Korea,
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Arnold JN, Magiera L, Kraman M, Fearon DT. Tumoral immune suppression by macrophages expressing fibroblast activation protein-α and heme oxygenase-1. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:121-6. [PMID: 24778275 PMCID: PMC4007628 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of tumor stromal cells that are marked by their expression of the membrane protein fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) overcomes immune suppression and allows an anticancer cell immune response to control tumor growth. In subcutaneous tumors established with immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma cells expressing ovalbumin (LL2/OVA), the FAP(+) population is comprised of CD45(+) and CD45(-) cells. In the present study, we further characterize the tumoral FAP(+)/CD45(+) population as a minor subpopulation of F4/80(hi)/CCR2(+)/CD206(+) M2 macrophages. Using bone marrow chimeric mice in which the primate diphtheria toxin receptor is restricted either to the FAP(+)/CD45(+) or to the FAP(+)/CD45(-) subset, we demonstrate by conditionally depleting each subset that both independently contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. A basis for the function of the FAP(+)/CD45(+) subset is shown to be the immune inhibitory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The FAP(+)/CD45(+) cells are the major tumoral source of HO-1, and an inhibitor of HO-1, Sn mesoporphyrin, causes the same extent of immune-dependent arrest of LL2/OVA tumor growth as does the depletion of these cells. Because this observation of immune suppression by HO-1 expressed by the FAP(+)/CD45(+) stromal cell is replicated in a transplanted model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we conclude that pharmacologically targeting this enzyme may improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Arnold
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lukasz Magiera
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew Kraman
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Douglas T. Fearon
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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14
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Ma H, Darmawan ET, Zhang M, Zhange L, Bryers JD. Development of a poly(ether urethane) system for the controlled release of two novel anti-biofilm agents based on gallium or zinc and its efficacy to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. J Control Release 2013; 172:1035-44. [PMID: 24140747 PMCID: PMC3858484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional antibiotic therapy to control medical device-based infections typically fails to clear biofilm infections and may even promote the evolution of antibiotic resistant species. We report here the development of two novel antibiofilm agents; gallium (Ga) or zinc (Zn) complexed with protoporphyrin IX (PP) or mesoprotoporphyrin IX (MP) that are both highly effective in negating suspended bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These chelated gallium or zinc complexes act as iron siderophore analogs, supplanting the natural iron uptake of most bacteria. Poly (ether urethane) (PEU; Biospan®) polymer films were fabricated for the controlled sustained release of the Ga- or Zn-complexes, using an incorporated pore-forming agent, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). An optimum formulation containing 8% PEG (MW=1450) in the PEU polymer effectively sustained drug release for at least 3months. All drug-loaded PEU films exhibited in vitro ≥ 90% reduction of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria in both suspended and biofilm culture versus the negative control PEU films releasing nothing. Cytotoxicity and endotoxin evaluation demonstrated no adverse responses to the Ga- or Zn-complex releasing PEU films. Finally, in vivo studies further substantiate the anti-biofilm efficacy of the PEU films releasing Ga- or Zn- complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- H. Ma and E.T. Darmawan equally contributed to this paper
| | - Erica T. Darmawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- H. Ma and E.T. Darmawan equally contributed to this paper
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lei Zhange
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D. Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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15
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Blood zinc protoporphyrin, serum total protein, and total cholesterol levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity: Our experience. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 21:114-7. [PMID: 23105626 DOI: 10.1007/bf02912924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), serum total protein (TP), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in automobile workshop workers in relation to lead toxicity were analysed. In the present study, automobile workshop workers (healthy male workers at an age between 28 and 35 from four major automobile workshops in Kottayam, Kerala State, India) and the control (male healthy adults at an age between 28 and 35 residing at Aymanam, a distant village at Kottayam District, Kerala having reduced or no chance of lead exposure) displayed significant difference in blood lead (BPb) and blood ZZP (BZPP) level. The mean value of BPb in automobile workshop workers was 15.76±0.33 μg/dl, while in the control it was 8.20±0.15 μg/dl. In automobile workshop workers, the mean value of BZPP was 34.2±0.62 μg/dl. The control group exhibited a mean of 11.5±0.22 μg/dl. Automobile workshop workers exhibited significant increase in BZPP was corresponding to the increase in BPb level. The total protein levels estimated in automobile workshop workers showed significant decrease compared to control individuals, but was within the reference range of healthy individuals. The mean value of TP level in automobile workshop workers and control was 6.9±0.13 g/dl and 7.71±0.18 g/dl, respectively. There was no significant difference in blood haemoglobin (BHb) level among the automobile workshop workers and control. The serum TC level in automobile workshop workers showed significant decrease compared to the control individuals, but was with in the reference range of healthy individuals. The mean level of serum TC in automobile workshop workers was 162.00±3.44 mg/dl and the same in control was 172.86±4.32 mg/dl. The present study affirms occupational lead toxicity in automobile workshop workers and its effect on serum protein and cholesterol levels.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia arises from increased bilirubin production and decreased bilirubin elimination. Although phototherapy safely and effectively reduces bilirubin levels, recent evidence shows that it has adverse effects. Therefore, alternative treatments are warranted. Metalloporphyrins, competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in bilirubin production, effectively reduce bilirubin formation; however, many are photoreactive. Here, we investigated possible photosensitizing effects of chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) and zinc deuteroporphyrin bis-glycol (ZnBG). METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of CrMP or ZnBG to 3-d-old mouse pups (3.75-30.0 μmol/kg intraperitoneally) and exposure to cool white (F20T12CW) and blue (TL20W/52) fluorescent lights (+L) for 3 h, resulted in a dose-dependent mortality (50% lethal dose (LD50) = 21.5 and 19.5 μmol/kg, respectively). In contrast to ZnBG, there was no significant difference in survival between the CrMP+L and CrMP groups. Following 30 μmol/kg ZnBG+L, we found significant weight loss, decreased liver antioxidant capacities, and increased aspartate aminotransaminase levels. At 6-d post-light exposure, ZnBG+L-treated pups showed gross and histologic skin changes at doses >7.5 μmol/kg. No lethality was observed following treatment with 30 μmol ZnBG/kg plus exposure to blue light-emitting diodes. Phototoxicity of ZnBG was dependent on light source, emission spectrum, and irradiance. CONCLUSION Low doses of ZnBG (<3.75 μmol/kg) retained maximal HO inhibitory potency without photosensitizing effects, and therefore are potentially useful in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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17
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Schulz S, Wong RJ, Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK. Metalloporphyrins - an update. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:68. [PMID: 22557967 PMCID: PMC3337460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are structural analogs of heme and their potential use in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has been the subject of considerable research for more than three decades. The pharmacological basis for using this class of compounds to control bilirubin levels is the targeted blockade of bilirubin production through the competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the bilirubin production pathway. Ongoing research continues in the pursuit of identifying ideal metalloporphyrins, which are safe and effective, by defining therapeutic windows and targeted interventions for the treatment of excessive neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schulz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Noh EM, Cho DH, Lee YR, Jeong YJ, Kim JH, Chae HS, Park J, Jung WS, Park SJ, Kim JS. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induces downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HL-60 cells: involvement of HO-1 in HL-60 cell differentiation. BMB Rep 2011; 44:753-7. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.11.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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19
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Wang L, Weng CY, Wang YJ, Wu MJ. Lipoic acid ameliorates arsenic trioxide-induced HO-1 expression and oxidative stress in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:129-38. [PMID: 21315065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a common environmental contaminant; chronic exposure to arsenic can alter the physiology of various key immune cells, particularly macrophages. The aim of this research is to elucidate the key parameters associated with arsenic-induced toxicity and investigate the potential and mechanism of α-lipoic acid (LA), a potent thioreducant, for reducing the toxicity in human promonocytic THP-1 cells. We found that a non-lethal concentration of arsenic trioxide (1 μM) significantly induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a response biomarker to arsenic, without stimulating measurable superoxide production. Co-treatment of cells with the HO-1 competitive inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) potentiated arsenic-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that HO-1 confers a cytoprotective effect against arsenic toxicity. In addition, low concentrations of arsenic trioxide (1 and 2.5 μM) markedly inhibited monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and expression of macrophage markers. Treatment of cells with LA attenuated arsenic trioxide-induced cytotoxicity and HO-1 over-expression and restored the redox state. In addition, LA neutralized arsenic trioxide-inhibition of monocyte maturation into macrophages and reversed the expression and activity of scavenger receptors. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide is associated with an imbalance of the cellular redox state, and LA can protect cells from arsenic-induced malfunctions either through its reducing activity, direct interacting with arsenic or stimulating other unidentified signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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20
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Hou W, Tian Q, Zheng J, Bonkovsky HL. Zinc mesoporphyrin induces rapid proteasomal degradation of hepatitis C nonstructural 5A protein in human hepatoma cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1909-19. [PMID: 19909748 PMCID: PMC2860067 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays a critical role in HCV replication and is an attractive target for the therapy of HCV infection. So far, little is known about the posttranslational regulation of NS5A protein and its precise role in HCV RNA replication. Our objectives were to elucidate the down-regulation of NS5A protein and HCV RNA replication by zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP) and the mechanism by which this process occurs. METHODS Human hepatoma cells expressing HCV proteins were used to investigate the posttranslational regulation of ZnMP on NS5A protein by Western blots and immunoprecipitation. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the effects of ZnMP on HCV RNA replication. RESULTS ZnMP selectively and markedly down-regulated NS5A protein levels by increasing degradation of NS5A protein (half-life fell from 18.7 hours to 2.7 hours). The proteasome inhibitors epoxomicin and MG132 significantly abrogated degradation of NS5A protein by ZnMP without affecting levels of NS5A in the absence of ZnMP. Analysis of immunoprecipitates with an antiubiquitin antibody revealed polyubiquitination of NS5A, suggesting that ZnMP induces ubiquitination of NS5A protein. In addition, 10 micromol/L of ZnMP reduced HCV replication by approximately 63% in the Con1 replicon cells, approximately 70% in J6/Japanese fulminant hepatitis 1 HCV-transfected cells, and approximately 90% in J6/Japanese fulminant hepatitis 1 HCV-infected cells without affecting cell viability. CONCLUSIONS ZnMP produces a rapid and profound down-regulation of the NS5A protein by enhancing its polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent catabolism. ZnMP may hold promise as a novel agent to treat HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Hou
- Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center and the Liver, Digestive Disease and Metabolism Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861, USA.
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21
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JANOUSEK SJ, ROSA L, JANOUSEK S, JIROVA D, KEJLOVA K. Oxidative stress may modify zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio in hematofluorometry. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:40-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Ndisang JF, Jadhav A. The heme oxygenase system attenuates pancreatic lesions and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R211-23. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.91000.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical reports indicate that impaired glucose tolerance is a common phenomenon in primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone stimulates NF-κB and activating protein-1 (AP-1) to cause oxidative injury. Elevated oxidative stress impairs insulin signaling. We recently showed that the heme oxygenase (HO) system lowers blood pressure (BP) in deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA)+salt hypertension, a model of primary aldosteronism. However, the effect of the HO system on insulin sensitivity in this model remains largely unclear. Here we report the effects of the HO-inducer hemin and the HO-blocker [chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP)] on insulin sensitivity/glucose metabolism. Our experimental design included the following 10 groups: (A) controls [(i) surgery-free or normal Sprague-Dawley (SD), (ii) uninephrectomized (UnX)-sham, (iii) UnX+salt (0.9%NaCl+0.2%KCl) and (iv) UnX+DOCA]; (B) DOCA+salt; (C) hemin+DOCA+salt; (D) hemin+CrMP+DOCA+salt; (E) CrMP+DOCA+salt; (F) vehicle-treated rats and (G) normal SD+hemin. Hemin therapy lowered BP and increased plasma insulin and the insulin-sensitizing protein adiponectin with slight but significant reduction of glycemia, while CrMP abolished the hemin effects. Furthermore, hemin improved intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance, suggesting that although DOCA+salt-hypertensive rats were normoglycemic, insulin signaling may be impaired. In contrast, the HO-inhibitor CrMP aggravated insulin resistance and exacerbated glucose and insulin tolerance. Interestingly, the enhanced insulin sensitization in hemin-treated animals was accompanied by reduced urinary/gastrocnemius muscle 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane), inflammatory/oxidative transcription factors like NF-κB, AP-1, JNK, and heme content, whereas HO-1, HO-activity, cGMP, and plasma/gastrocnemius muscle antioxidants including bilirubin, ferritin, SOD, catalase, and the total antioxidant capacity were increased. Similarly, hemin enhanced pancreatic HO, cGMP, and cAMP but suppressed 8-isoprostane and attenuated pancreatic histopathological lesions including fibrosis, interstitial edema, acinar cell necrosis, vacuolization, and mononuclear cell infiltration, with corresponding improvement of insulin production. Our results suggest that impaired insulin signaling may be a forerunner to hyperglycemia in aldosteronism. By preserving pancreatic morphology, potentiating insulin signaling, and lowering BP, the HO system may prevent metabolic and cardiovascular complications in aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ashok Jadhav
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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23
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Interaction of porphyrins with human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abraham NG, Cao J, Sacerdoti D, Li X, Drummond G. Heme oxygenase: the key to renal function regulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1137-52. [PMID: 19570878 PMCID: PMC2781329 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90449.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) plays a critical role in attenuating the production of reactive oxygen species through its ability to degrade heme in an enzymatic process that leads to the production of equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide and biliverdin/bilirubin and the release of free iron. The present review examines the beneficial role of HO-1 (inducible form of HO) that is achieved by increased expression of this enzyme in renal tissue. The influence of the HO system on renal physiology, obesity, vascular dysfunction, and blood pressure regulation is reviewed, and the clinical potential of increased levels of HO-1 protein, HO activity, and HO-derived end products of heme degradation is discussed relative to renal disease. The use of pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the role of the HO system in the kidney is key to the development of therapeutic approaches to prevent the adverse effects that accrue due to an impairment in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- New York Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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25
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La P, Fernando AP, Wang Z, Salahudeen A, Yang G, Lin Q, Wright CJ, Dennery PA. Zinc protoporphyrin regulates cyclin D1 expression independent of heme oxygenase inhibition. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36302-36311. [PMID: 19850937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), an endogenous heme analogue that inhibits heme oxygenase (HO) activity, represses tumor growth. It can also translocate into the nucleus and up-regulate heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that tumor cell proliferation was inhibited by ZnPP, whereas tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), another equally potent HO-1 inhibitor, had no effect. Microarray analysis on 128 tumorigenesis related genes showed that ZnPP suppressed genes involved in cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Among these genes, CYCLIN D1 (CCND1) was specifically inhibited as were its mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, ZnPP inhibited CCND1 promoter activity through an Sp1 and Egr1 overlapping binding site (S/E). We confirmed that ZnPP modulated the S/E site, at least partially by associating with Sp1 and Egr1 proteins rather than direct binding to DNA targets. Furthermore, administration of ZnPP significantly inhibited cyclin D1 expression and progression of a B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1 tumor in mice by preferentially targeting tumor cells. These observations show HO independent effects of ZnPP on cyclin D1 expression and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping La
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amal P Fernando
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Zhi Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ameen Salahudeen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Guang Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Qing Lin
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
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Ewing P, Wilke A, Eissner G, Holler E, Andreesen R, Gerbitz A. Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Endothelial Cells from Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:113-9. [PMID: 16291514 DOI: 10.1080/10623320500189814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A common side effect of therapeutic use of ionizing irradiation is endothelial cell damage resulting in a variety of clinical complications. Thus, preservation of endothelial function after irradiation could potentially limit toxicity. Using the murine endothelioma cell line bEnd2 we show here that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by cobalt protoporphyrine IX (CoPP) inhibits irradiation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, HO-1 induction by tin protoporphyrine IX (SnPP), a HO-1 inhibitor, does not affect survival after irradiation. The protective effects of CoPP could be partially reversed by blockade of HO-1 function with SnPP after induction by CoPP. Vice versa, blockade of HO-1 function by SnPP was reversible using CoPP. Treatment with CoPP inhibited cytochrome c release induced by irradiation. These results demonstrate that HO-1 induction and activation prior to irradiation inhibits endothelial apoptosis and might be used for possible cell protection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ewing
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Murphy PT, McPherson S, Breen K, Slaby J. Serum erythropoietin at diagnosis in low grade myelodysplastic syndrome correlates with both red cell zinc protoporphyrin and serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and may reflect severity of ineffective erythropoiesis. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:1036-8. [PMID: 19367500 DOI: 10.1080/10428190902878430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ren Y, D'Ambrosio MA, Wang H, Liu R, Garvin JL, Carretero OA. Heme oxygenase metabolites inhibit tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1207-12. [PMID: 18715939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90243.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is the mechanism by which the macula densa (MD) senses increases in luminal NaCl concentration and sends a signal to constrict the afferent arteriole (Af-Art). The kidney expresses constitutively heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) and low levels of HO-1. HOs release carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and free iron. We hypothesized that renal HOs inhibit TGF via release of CO and biliverdin. Rabbit Af-Arts and attached MD were simultaneously microperfused in vitro. The TGF response was determined by measuring Af-Art diameter before and after increasing NaCl in the MD perfusate. When HO activity was inhibited by adding stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP) to the MD perfusate, the TGF response increased from 2.1+/-0.2 to 4.1+/-0.4 microm (P=0.003, control vs. SnMP, n=7). When a CO-releasing molecule, (CORM-3; 50 microM), was added to the MD perfusate, the TGF response decreased by 41%, from 3.6+/-0.3 to 2.1+/-0.2 microm (P<0.001, control vs. CORM-3, n=12). When CORM-3 at 100 microM was added to the perfusate, it completely blocked the TGF response, from 4.2+/-0.4 to -0.2+/-0.3 microm (P<0.001, control vs. CORM-3, n=6). When biliverdin was added to the perfusate, the TGF response decreased by 79%, from 3.4+/-0.3 to 0.7+/-0.4 microm (P=0.001, control vs. biliverdin, n=6). The effects of SnMP and CORM-3 were not blocked by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. We concluded that renal HO inhibits TGF probably via release of CO and biliverdin. HO regulation of TGF is a novel mechanism that could lead to a better understanding of the control of renal microcirculation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiLin Ren
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Pharmacological preconditioning with simvastatin protects liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury by heme oxygenase-1 induction. Transplantation 2008; 85:732-8. [PMID: 18337668 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181664e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) against liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in models of hypoxic and remote preconditioning has been proved. The feasible candidates who induce HO-1 and thorough which exert the protective effects are under investigation. The aim was to study the role of HO-1 in pharmacological preconditioning by simvastatin in a rat model. METHODS Pharmacological preconditioning by intraperitoneal injection of simvastatin (5 mg/kg) was tested on a partial liver I/R model on rats. The expression of HO-1 protein and enzyme activities in livers, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and TUNEL staining of liver after I/R injury were measured in rats with and without simvastatin preconditioning. RESULTS HO-1 was induced and persistently overexpressed in the hepatocytes 24 hr after simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin preconditioning diminished the elevation of serum ALT levels 4 hr after I/R injury (69.6+/-26.3 U/L) (P<0.05 vs. other groups) when compared with control (403.8+/-261.9 U/L) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP)-pretreated (717.5+/-205.6 U/L) groups. Simvastatin preconditioning diminished the apoptosis after I/R injury as well (apoptosis index: 26.4+/-8 for Simvastatin, 78+/-7 for control, and 85.3+/-2 for ZnPP group; P<0.05). The addition of ZnPP negated the protective effects of simvastatin as evidenced in the ALT level (406.2+/-243.0 U/L) and apoptosis index (75.6+/-6). The heme oxygenase activity in treated rats correlated with these results. CONCLUSIONS The induction of HO-1 by simvastatin preconditioning played a protective role against hepatic I/R injury.
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Hou W, Shan Y, Zheng J, Lambrecht RW, Donohue SE, Bonkovsky HL. Zinc mesoporphyrin induces rapid and marked degradation of the transcription factor Bach1 and up-regulates HO-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1779:195-203. [PMID: 18325350 PMCID: PMC2346609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is the first and rate-controlling enzyme in heme degradation. Bach1 is a mammalian transcriptional repressor of HO-1. To understand how zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP) induces the expression of HO-1, we investigated the effects of ZnMP on Bach1 mRNA and protein levels in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blots. We found that ZnMP markedly up-regulated HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, and rapidly and significantly decreased Bach1 protein levels by increasing degradation of Bach1 protein [half life (t(1/2)) from 19 h to 45 min], whereas ZnMP did not influence Bach1 mRNA levels. The proteasome inhibitors, epoxomicin and MG132, significantly inhibited degradation of Bach1 by ZnMP in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that the degradation of Bach1 by ZnMP is proteasome-dependent. Purified Bach1 C-terminal fragment bound heme, but there was no evidence for binding of ZnMP to the heme-binding region of Bach1. In conclusion, ZnMP produces profound post-transcriptional down-regulation of Bach1 protein levels and transcriptional up-regulation of HO-1. Our results indicate that ZnMP up-regulates HO-1 gene expression by markedly increasing Bach1 protein degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Hou
- The Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
- Department of Biology, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Ying Shan
- Department of Medicine, the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jianyu Zheng
- The Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
- Department of Biology, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Richard W. Lambrecht
- Department of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Susan E. Donohue
- Department of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Herbert L. Bonkovsky
- The Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
- Department of Biology, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
- Department of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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Zabalgoitia M, Colston JT, Reddy SV, Holt JW, Regan RF, Stec DE, Rimoldi JM, Valente AJ, Chandrasekar B. Carbon monoxide donors or heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression blocks interleukin-18-mediated NF-kappaB-PTEN-dependent human cardiac endothelial cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:284-98. [PMID: 18215737 PMCID: PMC2277467 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 08/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or heme metabolites exert cytoprotective effects on interleukin-18-mediated endothelial cell (EC) death. Treatment with interleukin (IL)-18 increased NF-kappaB activation and PTEN induction, suppressed Akt activation, and stimulated EC death. While ectopic expression of p65 enhanced PTEN transcription, adenoviral transduction of dnIkappaB-alpha, dnp65, or dnIKKbeta was inhibitory. Furthermore, IL-18 suppressed HO-1 mRNA expression via enhanced mRNA degradation. Overexpression of HO-1, treatment with HO-1 inducer hemin, or the CO donor cobalt (III) protoporphyrin IX all reversed IL-18-mediated NF-kappaB activation, PTEN induction, Akt suppression, and EC death. Furthermore, hemin induced HO-1 expression, and HO-1 knockdown, HO-1 inhibition, or CO scavengers all reversed the prosurvival effects of hemin. In addition, the CO donors CORM-1 and CORM-3 and the heme metabolites biliverdin and bilirubin attenuated IL-18-induced EC death via a similar signaling pathway. IL-18 induced p38alpha MAPK activation, and suppressed p38beta isoform expression. While p38alpha knockdown attenuated, p38beta knockdown potentiated IL-18-mediated EC death. Hemin and HO-1 reversed IL-18-mediated p38alpha induction and restored p38beta levels. These results demonstrate that IL-18 suppresses HO-1 expression and induces EC death. HO-1 overexpression, HO-1 induction, or treatment with heme metabolites all reverse IL-18-mediated p38alpha MAPK and NF-kappaB activation, PTEN induction, Akt suppression, and EC death. Thus, HO-1 inducers and CO donors may have the therapeutic potential to effectively block IL-18 signaling and reduce IL-18-dependent vascular injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Zabalgoitia
- Department of Veterans Affairs South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - James T. Colston
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Seenu V. Reddy
- Department of Surgery/Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Jeffrey W. Holt
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Raymond F. Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS 39216
| | - John M. Rimoldi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677
| | - Anthony J. Valente
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Department of Veterans Affairs South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine physical examination findings, clinicopathologic changes, and prognosis in dogs with zinc toxicosis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 19 dogs with zinc toxicosis. PROCEDURES Medical records from 1991 through 2003 were searched for animals with a diagnosis of zinc toxicosis. Information concerning signalment, body weight, historical findings, initial owner complaints, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic findings, blood zinc concentrations, source of zinc, treatments given, duration of hospital stay, and outcome was collected. RESULTS Records of 19 dogs with zinc toxicosis were reviewed. The most common historical findings were vomiting (n = 14) and pigmenturia (12). The most common clinicopathologic findings were anemia (n = 19) and hyperbilirubinemia (12). Median age was 1.3 years, and median weight was 5.6 kg (12.3 lb). The prognosis was favorable, with 17 dogs surviving after a median hospital stay of 2 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hemolytic anemia as a result of zinc toxicosis appeared to affect young small-breed dogs more frequently than older large-breed dogs. The prognosis with treatment is good, and most affected dogs had a short hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Gurnee
- Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5438, USA
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Koo MS, Ozawa T, Santos RA, Lamborn KR, Bollen AW, Deen DF, Kahl SB. Synthesis and Comparative Toxicology of a Series of Polyhedral Borane Anion-Substituted Tetraphenyl Porphyrins. J Med Chem 2007; 50:820-7. [PMID: 17253677 DOI: 10.1021/jm060895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three structurally similar tetraphenylporphyrins bearing polyhedral borane anions have been synthesized and their toxicological profiles obtained in rats. These conjugates were found to have quite different acute toxicities as manifested at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). When given at the MTD and observed over 28 days, the most acutely toxic porphyrin was found to be devoid of toxicity, as measured by blood chemistry panels. The remaining two less acutely toxic compounds both elicited significant changes, characterized by moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, failure to gain weight normally and changes in liver enzymes indicative of mild hepatotoxicity. All toxic effects were transient, with platelets rebounding to above normal levels at day 28. We conclude that thrombocytopenia is the dose limiting toxicity for boronated porphyrins in mammals and suggest that these effects may be due to the porphyrin, not the borane or carborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Seo Koo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Bozja J, Yi K, Shafer WM, Stojiljkovic I. Porphyrin-based compounds exert antibacterial action against the sexually transmitted pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24:578-84. [PMID: 15555881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of porphyrin based compounds without (nMP) or with (MP) metals were found to have potent bactericidal action in vitro against the sexually transmitted pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi. nMP and MP did not show bactericidal activity against five species of lactobacilli. An MP containing gallium had the capacity to block a gonococcal infection in a murine vaginal model, indicating that its development as a topical microbicide to block sexually transmitted bacterial infections is warranted. In contrast to other bacterial species, loss of the gonococcal haemoglobin uptake system encoded by hpuB or energy supplied through the TonB-ExbB-ExbD system did not significantly affect levels of MP-susceptibility in gonococci. In contrast, mutations in gonococci that inactivate the mtrCDE-encoded efflux pump were found to enhance gonococcal susceptibility to nMPs and MPs while over-production of this efflux pump decreased levels of gonococcal susceptibility to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bozja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Tanaka S, Akaike T, Fang J, Beppu T, Ogawa M, Tamura F, Miyamoto Y, Maeda H. Antiapoptotic effect of haem oxygenase-1 induced by nitric oxide in experimental solid tumour. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:902-9. [PMID: 12644828 PMCID: PMC2377071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may provide an important protective effect for cells against oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the mechanism of cytoprotection of HO-1 in solid tumour with a focus on the antiapoptotic activity of HO-1. Treatment of rat hepatoma AH136B cells with the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) or tin protoporphyrin IX resulted in extensive apoptotic changes of tumour cells both in vivo and in vitro. Caspase-3 activity of the ZnPP IX-treated hepatoma cells increased significantly. Moreover, ZnPP IX-induced apoptosis was completely inhibited by simultaneous incubation with a specific caspase-3 inhibitor and was partially abrogated by bilirubin, a reaction product of HO. In vivo ZnPP IX treatment did not affect nitric oxide (NO) production and tumour blood flow. Western blot analyses showed that HO-1 expression in AH136B cells was strongly upregulated by NO donors, for example, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine and propylamine NONOate in vitro; conversely, it was remarkably reduced in vivo by pharmacological blockade of NOS. We conclude that HO-1 may function in antiapoptotic defense of the tumour, and thus it may have important protective and beneficial effects for tumour cells against oxidative stress induced by NO, which is produced in excess during solid tumour growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - T Akaike
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - J Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - T Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - M Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - F Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - H Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. E-mail:
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Abstract
Heme plays a significant pathogenic role in several diseases involving the kidney. The cellular content of heme, derived either from the delivery of filtered heme proteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin, or from the breakdown of ubiquitous intracellular heme proteins, is regulated via the heme oxygenase enzyme system. Heme oxygenases catalyze the rate-limiting step in heme degradation, resulting in the formation of iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Recent attention has focused on the biological effects of product(s) of this enzymatic reaction, which have important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. Three isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme have been described: an inducible isoform, HO-1, and two constitutively expressed isoforms, HO-2 and HO-3. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to several injurious stimuli, and has been implicated in many clinically relevant disease states including atherosclerosis, transplant rejection, endotoxic shock, hypertension, acute lung injury, acute renal injury, as well as others. This review will focus predominantly on the role of HO-1 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hill-Kapturczak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Worthington MT, Cohn SM, Miller SK, Luo RQ, Berg CL. Characterization of a human plasma membrane heme transporter in intestinal and hepatocyte cell lines. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 280:G1172-7. [PMID: 11352810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.6.g1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heme is the most bioavailable form of dietary iron and a component of many cellular proteins. Controversy exists as to whether heme uptake occurs via specific transport mechanisms or passive diffusion. The aims of this study were to quantify cellular heme uptake with a fluorescent heme analog and to determine whether heme uptake is mediated by a heme transporter in intestinal and hepatic cell lines. A zinc-substituted porphyrin, zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP), was validated as a heme homolog in uptake studies of intestinal (Caco-2, I-407) and hepatic (HepG2) cell lines. Uptake experiments to determine time dependence, heme inhibition, concentration dependence, temperature dependence, and response to the heme synthesis inhibitor succinylacetone were performed. Fluorescence microscope images were used to quantify uptake and determine the cellular localization of ZnMP; ZnMP uptake was seen in intestinal and hepatic cell lines, with cytoplasmic uptake and nuclear sparing. Uptake was dose- and temperature dependent, inhibited by heme competition, and saturated over time. Preincubation with succinylacetone augmented uptake, with an increased initial uptake rate. These findings establish a new method for quantifying heme uptake in individual cells and provide strong evidence that this uptake is a regulated, carrier-mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Worthington
- Digestive Health Research Center, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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Yang G, Nguyen X, Ou J, Rekulapelli P, Stevenson DK, Dennery PA. Unique effects of zinc protoporphyrin on HO-1 induction and apoptosis. Blood 2001; 97:1306-13. [PMID: 11222374 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.5.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a naturally occurring molecule, is increased in iron deficiency and lead intoxication. ZnPP can also induce heme oxygenase (HO-1), the enzyme it competitively inhibits. In cultured cells (HA-1), ZnPP was the strongest HO-1 inducer of any metalloporphyrin (MP) tested. This was not due to increased oxidative stress, enhanced binding at metal response element, nor increased binding at activator protein-1 (AP-1) or SP-1 sites on HO-1. Only ZnPP, however, increased binding of nuclear proteins to early growth response-1 (Egr-1) protein consensus sequence. Pretreatment of HA-1 with cycloheximide inhibited ZnPP-induced HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) by 55%. Incubation with antisense Egr-1 oligomers decreased ZnPP-induced HO-1 expression by 47%. Furthermore, the level of HO-1 mRNA induction by ZnPP was 2-fold less in Egr-1-deficient fibroblasts than in wild-type cells. Because no Egr-1 binding site was previously identified on the HO-1 promoter, HA-1 cells were transfected with HO-1 CAT constructs containing segments of a 12.5-kb enhancer region of HO-1. A 196-bp fragment (RH) located approximately 9.5 kb upstream of the transcription start site mediated HO-1 induction by ZnPP alone. DNase I footprinting analysis further revealed that nuclear proteins bound to a 50-bp sequence in the RH. Within this sequence, a novel 9-bp region with 78% homology to the Egr-1 consensus sequence was identified further suggesting that Egr-1 partially mediates HO-1 induction by ZnPP. Lastly, increased apoptosis and nuclear localization were only seen with ZnPP, suggesting that increased ZnPP in disease states may serve as a cellular signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Agarwal A, Nick HS. Renal response to tissue injury: lessons from heme oxygenase-1 GeneAblation and expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:965-973. [PMID: 10770977 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a microsomal enzyme involved in the degradation of heme, resulting in the generation of biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide. Recent attention has focused on the biologic effects of product(s) of this enzymatic reaction that have important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to a wide variety of oxidant stimuli, including heme, hydrogen peroxide, cytokines, growth factors, heavy metals, nitric oxide, and oxidized LDL. HO-1 has been implicated in several clinically relevant disease states, including transplant rejection, hypertension, acute renal injury, atherosclerosis, and others. Previous studies indicate a protective role for HO-1 in heme and non-heme-mediated models of acute renal injury using chemical inducers and inhibitors of HO-1. Studies in HO-1 knockout mice further corroborate these observations, highlighting the important role of HO-1 in the pathophysiology of acute renal injury. Expression of HO-1 has been linked to prolonged xenograft survival and is important in transplant rejection as well. More recently, the first known case of human HO-1 deficiency was reported with several phenotypical similarities to the mouse HO-1 knockout. The role of HO-1 has extended far beyond its initial description as an enzyme involved in heme degradation to being an important mediator in modulating adaptive and protective responses not only in renal injury, but in other organ systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Harry S Nick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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40
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Abstract
AbstractZinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a normal metabolite that is formed in trace amounts during heme biosynthesis. The final reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of heme is the chelation of iron with protoporphyrin. During periods of iron insufficiency or impaired iron utilization, zinc becomes an alternative metal substrate for ferrochelatase, leading to increased ZnPP formation. Evidence suggests that this metal substitution is one of the first biochemical responses to iron depletion, causing increased ZnPP to appear in circulating erythrocytes. Because this zinc-for-iron substitution occurs predominantly within the bone marrow, the ZnPP/heme ratio in erythrocytes reflects iron status in the bone marrow. In addition, ZnPP may regulate heme catabolism through competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme degradation pathway that produces bilirubin and carbon monoxide. Physiological roles, especially relating to carbon monoxide and possibly nitric oxide production, have been suggested for ZnPP. Clinically, ZnPP quantification is valuable as a sensitive and specific tool for evaluating iron nutrition and metabolism. Diagnostic determinations are applicable in a variety of clinical settings, including pediatrics, obstetrics, and blood banking. ZnPP analytical methodologies for clinical studies are discussed. In addition to diagnostic tests and metabolic studies, ZnPP has a potential therapeutic application in controlling bilirubin formation in neonates as a preventive measure for hyperbilirubinemia. Biochemical research techniques, both in vivo and in vitro, are described for further studies into the role of ZnPP in metabolism and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Labbé
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Box 359743, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Hendrik J Vreman
- Department of Pediatrics, Room S-214, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5119
| | - David K Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Room S-214, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5119
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Lutton JD, Jiang S, Drummond GS, Abraham NG, Levere RD, Kappas A. Pharmacologic effects of the red blood cell substitutes cross-linked and non-cross-linked hemoglobins on hematopoiesis in rabbits. Pharmacology 1999; 58:319-24. [PMID: 10325577 DOI: 10.1159/000028297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The red blood cell substitutes beta-beta cross-linked (DECA-Hb, XLBV-Hb) and non-cross-linked (HbA) hemoglobins (Hbs), were transfused into rabbits and their effects on hematopoiesis examined. All rabbits receiving DECA-Hb or XLBV-Hb tolerated the Hbs well, whereas 50% of the animals transfused with similar doses of non-cross-linked HbA died. Analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM production revealed that there was no significant variation in the generation of BFU-E and CFU-GM numbers for each cross-linked Hb transfusion group, but there were significant reductions in the HbA group. In animals transfused with cross-linked Hbs, splenic heme oxygenase (HO) activity was similar to that of controls; liver HO activity was slightly elevated, whereas HO activity was significantly increased in kidneys. Transfusion with non-cross-linked HbA produced greater inductions of HO activity in the liver and kidneys. Hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) activity was significantly reduced in HbA-transfused animals, whereas transfusion with cross-linked Hbs produced only minor, statistically nonsignificant, reductions in ALAS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lutton
- Rockefeller University Hospital, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Osterode W, Barnas U, Geissler K. Dose dependent reduction of erythroid progenitor cells and inappropriate erythropoietin response in exposure to lead: new aspects of anaemia induced by lead. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56:106-9. [PMID: 10448314 PMCID: PMC1757702 DOI: 10.1136/oem.56.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether haematopoietic progenitor cells and erythropoietin (EPO), which is an essential humoral stimulus for erythroid progenitor (BFU-E) cell differentiation, are affected by lead intoxication. METHODS In male subjects chronically exposed to lead with and without anaemia, pluripotent (CFU-GEMM), BFU-E and granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cell counts in peripheral blood were measured with a modified clonal assay. Lead concentrations in blood (PbB) and urine (PbU) were measured by the atomic absorption technique, and EPO was measured with a modified radioimmunoassay. RESULTS PbB in the subjects exposed to lead ranged from 0.796 to 4.4 mumol/l, and PbU varied between 0.033 and 0.522 mumol/l. In subjects exposed to lead with PbB > or = 2.896 mumol/l (n = 7), BFU-E cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) whereas the reduction in CFU-GM cells was only of borderline significance (p = 0.037) compared with the age matched controls (n = 20). The CFU-GEMM cells remained unchanged. Furthermore, BFU-E and CFU-GM cells were reduced in a dose dependent fashion, with increasing PbB or PbU, respectively. In the subjects exposed to lead EPO was in the normal range and did not increase in the presence of anaemia induced by lead. No correlations existed between EPO and PbB, PbU, or progenitor cells. CONCLUSION The data suggest new aspects of lead induced anaemia besides the currently acknowledged shortened life span of erythrocytes and inhibition of haemoglobin synthesis. Two additional mechanisms should be considered: the reduction of BFU-E cells, and inappropriate renal EPO production in the presence of severe exposure to lead, which would lead to an inadequate maturation of BFU-E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Osterode
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin IV, Klinische Abteilung für Arbeitsmedizm, Wien, Austria
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Lutton JD, Jiang S, Drummond GS, Abraham NG, Kappas A. Comparative pharmacology of zinc mesoporphyrin and tin mesoporphyrin: toxic actions of zinc mesoporphyrin on hematopoiesis and progenitor cell mobilization. Pharmacology 1999; 58:44-50. [PMID: 9831830 DOI: 10.1159/000028267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two synthetic heme analogues, zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP) and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), on in vivo hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and in vitro hematopoiesis were examined in rabbit bone marrow. Rabbits received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 7 days in order to mobilize increased numbers of erythroid (BFU-E) and myeloid (CFU-GM) progenitors in peripheral blood. Concurrent treatment of rhG-CSF-treated rabbits with ZnMP reduced mobilization of the numbers of BFU-E (76% inhibition, p < 0.0001) and CFU-GM (70% inhibition, p < 0.005) in peripheral blood. In contrast, SnMP administered at the same concentration had no significant suppressive effect on BFU-E and CFU-GM recruitment. Both metalloporphyrins inhibited bone marrow heme oxygenase activity equally in vivo, thus indicating that both compounds enter bone marrow cells. Direct in vitro addition of ZnMP to normal rabbit bone marrow cultures suppressed BFU-E and CFU-GM growth, whereas SnMP had no such effect. These results confirm, in an in vivo system, our earlier in vitro studies and demonstrate that, at the concentrations studied, ZnMP, in contrast to SnMP, displays toxicity for hematopoietic growth and progenitor cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lutton
- Rockefeller University Hospital, Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y. 10021, USA
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Jacobs JM, Sinclair PR, Sinclair JF, Gorman N, Walton HS, Wood SG, Nichols C. Formation of zinc protoporphyrin in cultured hepatocytes: effects of ferrochelatase inhibition, iron chelation or lead. Toxicology 1998; 125:95-105. [PMID: 9570325 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of zinc protoporphyrin in response to lead or iron depletion has previously been investigated in erythroid systems. Because of its possible metabolic role in non-erythroid tissue, we investigated the formation of zinc protoporphyrin in cultured hepatocytes. The effects of lead and inhibitors of ferrochelatase, the iron insertion step of heme synthesis, on the conversion of 5-aminolevulinic acid to zinc protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin and heme were compared in rat and chick embryo hepatocyte cultures. In rat cultures, zinc protoporphyrin was synthesized enzymatically by ferrochelatase, since N-methylmesoporphyrin, an inhibitor of ferrochelatase. caused 40% or greater decreases in both heme and zinc protoporphyrin accumulation and markedly stimulated protoporphyrin accumulation. In addition, chelation of ferrous iron with 2,2'-dipyridyl decreased heme accumulation by 50%, but increased ZPP accumulation by 200%. Zinc protoporphyrin formation in chick embryo hepatocytes required the addition of zinc as well as 5-aminolevulinic acid and apparently was non-enzymatic, since it was not inhibited by N-methylmesoporphyrin nor increased by iron chelation. In the presence of 5-aminolevulinic acid, lead had no effect on zinc protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin or heme accumulation in chick hepatocytes, but decreased all three in rat hepatocytes, with the decrease in protoporphyrin being far greater than that of zinc protoporphyrin or heme. These findings indicate that, in contrast to the effect of lead in erythroid tissue, it did not specifically increase zinc protoporphyrin accumulation or alter iron availability in cultured hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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