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Ikarashi K, Sato D, Edama M, Fujimoto T, Ochi G, Yamashiro K. Fluctuation of fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle in women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15079. [PMID: 38956128 PMCID: PMC11219923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of the menstrual cycle on fine motor skills is unclear. This study determined whether the menstrual cycle affected fine motor skills and related neural activities. Nineteen women with regular menstrual cycles were tested for fine motor skills using two types of tasks: grooved pegboard task (GPT), which evaluates motor control with high freedom of movements, and force modulation task (FMT), which evaluates more complex and fine motor control with low freedom of movements. We also assessed primary motor cortex intracortical circuits and sensorimotor integration using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to reveal why the menstrual cycle affects fine motor skills. The present study indicated that fine motor skills assessed by FMT varied throughout the menstrual cycle while those measured by GPT did not. These results suggest that fine motor skills requiring more complex and fine control may be affected by the menstrual cycle. Additionally, changes in fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle may be associated with the severity of menstruation-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Mutsuaki Edama
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Meek AW, Greenwell DR, Nishio H, Poston B, Riley ZA. Anodal M1 tDCS enhances online learning of rhythmic timing videogame skill. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295373. [PMID: 38870202 PMCID: PMC11175489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modify excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and influence online motor learning. However, research on the effects of tDCS on motor learning has focused predominantly on simplified motor tasks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether anodal stimulation of M1 over a single session of practice influences online learning of a relatively complex rhythmic timing video game. Fifty-eight healthy young adults were randomized to either a-tDCS or SHAM conditions and performed 2 familiarization blocks, a 20-minute 5 block practice period while receiving their assigned stimulation, and a post-test block with their non-dominant hand. To assess performance, a performance index was calculated that incorporated timing accuracy elements and incorrect key inputs. The results showed that M1 a-tDCS enhanced the learning of the video game based skill more than SHAM stimulation during practice, as well as overall learning at the post-test. These results provide evidence that M1 a-tDCS can enhance acquisition of skills where quality or success of performance depends on optimized timing between component motions of the skill, which could have implications for the application of tDCS in many real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. Meek
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Davin R. Greenwell
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Hayami Nishio
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, WA, United States of America
| | - Brach Poston
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Riley
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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3
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Sherman NE, Elion O, Kozol Z, Einat M, Frenkel-Toledo S. Ipsilateral transfer of motor skill from lower to upper limb in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303459. [PMID: 38768164 PMCID: PMC11104604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whereas motor skills of the untrained upper limb (UL) can improve following practice with the other UL, it has yet to be determined if an UL motor skill can improve following practice of that skill with the lower limb (LL). METHODS Forty-five healthy subjects randomly participated in a 10-minute single-session intervention of (1) practicing 50 reaching movement (RM) sequences with the non-dominant left LL toward light switches (LL group); or (2) observing the identical 50 light switches sequences (Switches Observation (SO) group); or (3) observing nature films (Nature Observation (NO) group). RM sequence performance with the left UL toward the light switches was tested before and immediately after the intervention and retested after 24 h. RESULTS Reaching response time improved in the LL group more than in the SO and NO groups in the posttest (pBonferroni = 0.038 and pBonferroni < 0.001, respectively), and improved in the LL group more than in the NO group in the retest (pBonferroni = 0.004). Percentage of fails did not differ between groups across the timepoints. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the actual practice of the RM sequence skill with the UL together with the cognitive element embedded in the observation of the RM sequences contributes to ipsilateral transfer from LL to UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Efrat Sherman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Orit Elion
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Zvi Kozol
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Moshe Einat
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Silvi Frenkel-Toledo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Medical Rehabilitation Center, Raanana, Israel
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4
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Melo AS, Moreira JS, Afreixo V, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Donato H, Cruz EB, Vilas-Boas JP, Sousa AS. Effectiveness of specific scapular therapeutic exercises in patients with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2024; 4:161-174. [PMID: 38706660 PMCID: PMC11065746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic exercise has been considered a useful tool to rehabilitate shoulder pain, namely through its influence on scapular dynamics. Accordingly, the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercise needs to be explored. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercises in shoulder pain and to identify the most effective exercise type (focal or multijoint) and ways of delivering them (as dose and progression). Methods Search was conducted at EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and trial registration databases. The meta-analysis considered randomized controlled/crossover trials that compared the effect of scapular exercises against other types of intervention in the shoulder pain, shoulder function, scapular motion, and/or muscular activity. The risk of bias was assessed through the PEDro scale. Results From the 8318 records identified, 8 (high to low risk of bias- scoring from 4 to 8 on the PEDro scale) were included. The overall data, before sensitivity analysis, indicated that the scapular therapeutic exercises are: a) more effective than comparators in improving shoulder function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.52 [95% Cl: 0.05, 0.99], P = .03, I2 = 76%); and b) as effective as comparators in reducing shoulder pain (SMD = 0.32 [95% Cl: -0.09, 0.73], P = .13, I2 = 70%). Subgroup analysis revealed that scapular exercises are more effective in improving shoulder function when the program duration is equal to or higher than 6 weeks (SMD = 0.43 [95% Cl: 0.09, 0.76] P = .01, I2 = 21%) and/or when the maximum number of exercise repetitions per session is lower than 30 (SMD = 0.79 [95% Cl: 0.15, 1.42], P = .01, I2 = 77%). Only 1 study considered scapular motion as an outcome measure, revealing therapeutic exercise effectiveness to improve scapular range of motion. Conclusions Intervention programs involving scapular therapeutic exercises are effective in improving shoulder function, presenting benefits when performed for 6 or more weeks and/or when used up to a maximum of 30 repetitions per exercise, per session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S.C. Melo
- Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto (LABIOMEP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Aplicada em Saúde (CIIAS), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Juliana S. Moreira
- Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Department of Mathematics, Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications – CIDMA, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Donato
- Documentation and Scientific Information Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo B. Cruz
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Integrada em Saúde (CHRC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto (LABIOMEP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S.P. Sousa
- Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Monaghan PG, Takla TN, Chargo AN, Edwards EM, Yu B, Myers E, Daugherty AM, Fritz NE. Measurement Properties of Backward Walking and Its Sensitivity and Feasibility in Predicting Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care 2024; 26:155-166. [PMID: 38915880 PMCID: PMC11195663 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2023-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience mobility impairments that elevate fall risk, increasing the need to identify clinical measures that accurately predict falls. Backward walking (BW) better differentiates fallers from nonfallers in MS. However, no studies have reported the measurement properties of the backward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (B-T25-FW) and BW metrics, like BW velocity. Additionally, it is unknown whether BW can predict future falls in MS or its link to activity levels. This study assessed the reliability and responsiveness of B-T25-FW and BW metrics, including BW velocity. It also examined whether BW could predict falls at 3 and 6 months and its association with activity levels. METHODS During 2 separate visits, 23 people with MS completed the forward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (F-T25-FW) and B-T25-FW, as well as forward walking and BW assessments in which spatiotemporal measures were recorded. Test-retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients, and minimum detectable changes were calculated. Correlation analyses explored the relationship between BW velocity, B-T25-FW, prospective falls, and activity levels. RESULTS B-T25-FW and BW velocity exhibited excellent test-retest reliability. Large effect sizes to interpret clinically meaningful change in the B-T25-FW and BW velocity were also found. Both metrics demonstrated modest negative correlations with falls at 3 and 6 months and correlated strongly with very active minutes at 3- and 6-months post study. CONCLUSIONS The B-T25-FW and BW velocity are effective and reliable in clinical use for evaluating functional mobility in people with MS, are sensitive enough to detect subtle changes, and may be a meaningful marker for tracking disease progression and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Monaghan
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Taylor N. Takla
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexis N. Chargo
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Erin M. Edwards
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Biaohua Yu
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Emily Myers
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nora E. Fritz
- From the Neuroimaging and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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6
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Qu Y, Wei C, Du P, Che W, Zhang C, Ouyang W, Bian Y, Xu F, Hu B, Du K, Wu H, Liu J, Liu Q. Integration of cognitive tasks into artificial general intelligence test for large models. iScience 2024; 27:109550. [PMID: 38595796 PMCID: PMC11001637 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
During the evolution of large models, performance evaluation is necessary for assessing their capabilities. However, current model evaluations mainly rely on specific tasks and datasets, lacking a united framework for assessing the multidimensional intelligence of large models. In this perspective, we advocate for a comprehensive framework of cognitive science-inspired artificial general intelligence (AGI) tests, including crystallized, fluid, social, and embodied intelligence. The AGI tests consist of well-designed cognitive tests adopted from human intelligence tests, and then naturally encapsulates into an immersive virtual community. We propose increasing the complexity of AGI testing tasks commensurate with advancements in large models and emphasizing the necessity for the interpretation of test results to avoid false negatives and false positives. We believe that cognitive science-inspired AGI tests will effectively guide the targeted improvement of large models in specific dimensions of intelligence and accelerate the integration of large models into human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Penghui Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxin Che
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | | | - Feiyang Xu
- iFLYTEK AI Research, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Du
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quanying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Adamo P, Longhi G, Temporiti F, Marino G, Scalona E, Fabbri-Destro M, Avanzini P, Gatti R. Effects of Action Observation Plus Motor Imagery Administered by Immersive Virtual Reality on Hand Dexterity in Healthy Subjects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:398. [PMID: 38671819 PMCID: PMC11048356 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) are commonly delivered through a laptop screen. Immersive virtual reality (VR) may enhance the observer's embodiment, a factor that may boost AOMI effects. The study aimed to investigate the effects on manual dexterity of AOMI delivered through immersive VR compared to AOMI administered through a laptop. To evaluate whether VR can enhance the effects of AOMI, forty-five young volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to the VR-AOMI group, who underwent AOMI through immersive VR, the AOMI group, who underwent AOMI through a laptop screen, or the control group, who observed landscape video clips. All participants underwent a 5-day treatment, consisting of 12 min per day. We investigated between and within-group differences after treatments relative to functional manual dexterity tasks using the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT). This test included right hand (R), left hand (L), both hands (B), R + L + B, and assembly tasks. Additionally, we analyzed kinematics parameters including total and sub-phase duration, peak and mean velocity, and normalized jerk, during the Nine-Hole Peg Test to examine whether changes in functional scores may also occur through specific kinematic patterns. Participants were assessed at baseline (T0), after the first training session (T1), and at the end of training (T2). A significant time by group interaction and time effects were found for PPT, where both VR-AOMI and AOMI groups improved at the end of training. Larger PPT-L task improvements were found in the VR-AOMI group (d: 0.84, CI95: 0.09-1.58) compared to the AOMI group from T0 to T1. Immersive VR used for the delivery of AOMI speeded up hand dexterity improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Adamo
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Longhi
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Temporiti
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marino
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Scalona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica (DSMC), Università Degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Fabbri-Destro
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Via Volturno, 39-E, 43125 Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Via Volturno, 39-E, 43125 Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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Roshchupkina L, Wens V, Coquelet N, Urbain C, de Tiege X, Peigneux P. Motor learning- and consolidation-related resting state fast and slow brain dynamics across wake and sleep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7531. [PMID: 38553500 PMCID: PMC10980824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor skills dynamically evolve during practice and after training. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics underpinning motor learning and its consolidation in relation to sleep during resting-state periods after the end of learning (boost window, within 30 min) and at delayed time scales (silent 4 h and next day 24 h windows) with intermediate daytime sleep or wakefulness. Resting-state neural dynamics were investigated at fast (sub-second) and slower (supra-second) timescales using Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) and functional connectivity (FC), respectively, and their relationship to motor performance. HMM results show that fast dynamic activities in a Temporal/Sensorimotor state network predict individual motor performance, suggesting a trait-like association between rapidly recurrent neural patterns and motor behaviour. Short, post-training task re-exposure modulated neural network characteristics during the boost but not the silent window. Re-exposure-related induction effects were observed on the next day, to a lesser extent than during the boost window. Daytime naps did not modulate memory consolidation at the behavioural and neural levels. These results emphasise the critical role of the transient boost window in motor learning and memory consolidation and provide further insights into the relationship between the multiscale neural dynamics of brain networks, motor learning, and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Roshchupkina
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- Faculté des Sciences Psychologiques et de l'Éducation, Campus du Solbosch - CP 191, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Wens
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier de Tiege
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Rajeswaran P, Payeur A, Lajoie G, Orsborn AL. Assistive sensory-motor perturbations influence learned neural representations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585972. [PMID: 38562772 PMCID: PMC10983972 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Task errors are used to learn and refine motor skills. We investigated how task assistance influences learned neural representations using Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), which map neural activity into movement via a decoder. We analyzed motor cortex activity as monkeys practiced BCI with a decoder that adapted to improve or maintain performance over days. Population dimensionality remained constant or increased with learning, counter to trends with non-adaptive BCIs. Yet, over time, task information was contained in a smaller subset of neurons or population modes. Moreover, task information was ultimately stored in neural modes that occupied a small fraction of the population variance. An artificial neural network model suggests the adaptive decoders contribute to forming these compact neural representations. Our findings show that assistive decoders manipulate error information used for long-term learning computations, like credit assignment, which informs our understanding of motor learning and has implications for designing real-world BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Payeur
- Université de Montreál, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Montreál (QC), Canada, H3C 3J7
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreál (QC), Canada, H2S 3H1
| | - Guillaume Lajoie
- Université de Montreál, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Montreál (QC), Canada, H3C 3J7
- Mila - Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreál (QC), Canada, H2S 3H1
| | - Amy L. Orsborn
- University of Washington, Bioengineering, Seattle, 98115, USA
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seattle, 98115, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98115, USA
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10
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Jäger AP, Bailey A, Huntenburg JM, Tardif CL, Villringer A, Gauthier CJ, Nikulin V, Bazin P, Steele CJ. Decreased long-range temporal correlations in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal reflect motor sequence learning up to 2 weeks following training. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26539. [PMID: 38124341 PMCID: PMC10915743 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) in brain signals can be used to measure cognitive effort during task execution. Here, we examined how learning a motor sequence affects long-range temporal memory within resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Using the Hurst exponent (HE), we estimated voxel-wise LRTC and assessed changes over 5 consecutive days of training, followed by a retention scan 12 days later. The experimental group learned a complex visuomotor sequence while a complementary control group performed tightly matched movements. An interaction analysis revealed that HE decreases were specific to the complex sequence and occurred in well-known motor sequence learning associated regions including left supplementary motor area, left premotor cortex, left M1, left pars opercularis, bilateral thalamus, and right striatum. Five regions exhibited moderate to strong negative correlations with overall behavioral performance improvements. Following learning, HE values returned to pretraining levels in some regions, whereas in others, they remained decreased even 2 weeks after training. Our study presents new evidence of HE's possible relevance for functional plasticity during the resting-state and suggests that a cortical subset of sequence-specific regions may continue to represent a functional signature of learning reflected in decreased long-range temporal dependence after a period of inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Thekla P. Jäger
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Brain Language LabFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Alexander Bailey
- Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Julia M. Huntenburg
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTuebingenGermany
| | - Christine L. Tardif
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
- Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Clinic for Cognitive NeurologyLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity DiseasesLeipzigGermany
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052‐A5University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Claudine J. Gauthier
- Department of Physics/School of HealthConcordia UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
- Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Vadim Nikulin
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Pierre‐Louis Bazin
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Christopher J. Steele
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Department of Psychology/School of HealthConcordia UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
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11
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Brangaccio JA, Phipps AM, Gemoets DE, Sniffen JM, Thompson AK. Variability of corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability for the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior across repeated measurements in people with and without incomplete spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:727-743. [PMID: 38267736 PMCID: PMC10894771 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To adequately evaluate the corticospinal and spinal plasticity in health and disease, it is essential to understand whether and to what extent the corticospinal and spinal responses fluctuate systematically across multiple measurements. Thus, in this study, we examined the session-to-session variability of corticospinal excitability for the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) in people with and without incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). In neurologically normal participants, the following measures were obtained across 4 days at the same time of day (N = 13) or 4 sessions over a 12-h period (N = 9, at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00): maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), maximum M-wave and H-reflex (Mmax and Hmax), motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, and silent period (SP) after MEP. In participants with chronic incomplete SCI (N = 17), the same measures were obtained across 4 days. We found no clear diurnal variation in the spinal and corticospinal excitability of the TA in individuals with no known neurological conditions, and no systematic changes in any experimental measures of spinal and corticospinal excitability across four measurement days in individuals with or without SCI. Overall, mean deviations across four sessions remained in a range of 5-13% for all measures in participants with or without SCI. The study shows the limited extent of non-systematic session-to-session variability in the TA corticospinal excitability in individuals with and without chronic incomplete SCI, supporting the utility of corticospinal and spinal excitability measures in mechanistic investigation of neuromodulation interventions. The information provided through this study may serve as the reference in evaluating corticospinal plasticity across multiple experimental sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brangaccio
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies and Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - A M Phipps
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 77 President Street, MSC 700, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - D E Gemoets
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies and Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J M Sniffen
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aiko K Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, 77 President Street, MSC 700, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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12
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Hayward W, Buch ER, Norato G, Iwane F, Dash D, Salamanca-Girón RF, Bartrum E, Walitt B, Nath A, Cohen LG. Procedural Motor Memory Deficits in Patients With Long-COVID. Neurology 2024; 102:e208073. [PMID: 38237090 PMCID: PMC11097756 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES At least 15% of patients who recover from acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection experience lasting symptoms ("Long-COVID") including "brain fog" and deficits in declarative memory. It is not known if Long-COVID affects patients' ability to form and retain procedural motor skill memories. The objective was to determine the ability of patients with Long-COVID to acquire and consolidate a new procedural motor skill over 2 training days. The primary outcome was to determine difference in early learning, measured as the increase in correct sequence typing speed over the initial 11 practice trials of a new skill. The secondary outcomes were initial and final typing speed on days 1 and 2, learning rate, overnight consolidation, and typing accuracy. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional, online, case-control study, participants learned a sequential motor skill over 2 consecutive days (NCT05746624). Patients with Long-COVID (reporting persistent post-coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] symptoms for more than 4 weeks) were recruited at the NIH. Patients were matched one-to-one by age and sex to controls recruited during the pandemic using a crowd-sourcing platform. Selection criteria included age 18-90 years, English speaking, right-handed, able to type with the left hand, denied active fever or respiratory infection, and no previous task exposure. Data were also compared with an age-matched and sex-matched control group who performed the task online before the COVID-19 pandemic (prepandemic controls). RESULTS In total, 105 of 236 patients contacted agreed to participate and completed the experiment (mean ± SD age 46 ± 12.8 years, 82% female). Both healthy control groups had 105 participants (mean age 46 ± 13.1 and 46 ± 11.9 years, 82% female). Early learning was comparable across groups (Long-COVID: 0.36 ± 0.24 correct sequences/second, pandemic controls: 0.36 ± 0.53 prepandemic controls: 0.38 ± 0.57, patients vs pandemic controls [CI -0.068 to 0.067], vs prepandemic controls [CI -0.084 to 0.052], and between controls [CI -0.083 to 0.053], p = 0.82). Initial and final typing speeds on days 1 and 2 were slower in patients than controls. Patients with Long-COVID showed a significantly reduced overnight consolidation and a nonsignificant trend to reduced learning rates. DISCUSSION Early learning was comparable in patients with Long-COVID and controls. Anomalous initial performance is consistent with executive dysfunction. Reduction in overnight consolidation may relate to deficits in procedural memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hayward
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ethan R Buch
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gina Norato
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fumiaki Iwane
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dabedatta Dash
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto F Salamanca-Girón
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth Bartrum
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian Walitt
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Avindra Nath
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- From the Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section (W.H., E.R.B., F.I., D.D., R.F.S.-G., L.G.C.), Clinical Trials Unit (G.N.), Office of the Clinical Director, and Section of Infections of the Nervous System (E.B., B.W., A.N.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Shaylor R, Golden E, Goren O, Verenkin V, Cohen B. Development and Validation of a Hybrid Bronchoscopy Trainer Using Three-Dimensional Printing. Simul Healthc 2024; 19:52-55. [PMID: 36194854 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simulation is an essential component of medical education. Commercially available intubation simulators often lack anatomical fidelity of the lower airway and are therefore not suitable for teaching bronchoscopy or lung isolation. By using a desktop 3-dimensional (3D) printer, we aimed to create and validate a hybrid simulator from an existing mannequin with a 3D-printed lower airway that has anatomical fidelity and is financially affordable compared with commercially available models. METHODS Using an anonymized computed tomography scan of an adult male patient, we developed a 3D model of the airway from below the larynx to the 3rd generation bronchi, which was then printed on a desktop 3D printer. The printed airway was attached to an existing mannequin below the larynx via a universal adaptor. Ten anesthesiology attendings performed a blinded comparison of the hybrid mannequin with a commercially available mannequin for tactile and visual fidelity when performing intubation, bronchoscopy, and lung isolation. They were also asked to assess the models for educational suitability. RESULTS The 3D printed model was judged more suitable for teaching double-lumen tube insertion to novice physicians compared with the commercial model, with median (interquartile range) scores of 5 (4-5) versus 3 (2-4), P = 0.017. Similar results were found for bronchial blocker insertion and bronchoscopy. The visual fidelity of the bronchial anatomy was scored as 5 (4-5) and 2 (1-3) for the 3D-printed and the commercial models, respectively ( P = 0.007). CONCLUSION By creating a hybrid model combining an existing commercially available mannequin with a 3D-printed trachea and bronchial tree, we have created an affordable training simulator suitable for teaching lung isolation and bronchoscopy. Enhancing existing mannequins with 3D-printed parts may be of particular interest to institutions that do not have the funds to buy models with anatomical fidelity but do have access to a 3D printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Shaylor
- From the Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine (R.S., O.G., V.V., B.C.), Surgical 3D Printing Laboratory (E.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and Outcomes Research Consortium, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic (B.C.), Cleveland, OH
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14
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Li X, Jin M, Zhang N, Hongman W, Fu L, Qi Q. Neural correlates of fine motor grasping skills: Longitudinal insights into motor cortex activation using fNIRS. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3383. [PMID: 38376039 PMCID: PMC10784192 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor learning is essential for performing specific tasks and progresses through distinct stages, including the rapid learning phase (initial skill acquisition), the consolidation phase (skill refinement), and the stable performance phase (skill mastery and maintenance). Understanding the cortical activation dynamics during these stages can guide targeted rehabilitation interventions. METHODS In this longitudinal randomized controlled trial, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to explore the temporal dynamics of cortical activation in hand-related motor learning. Thirty-one healthy right-handed individuals were randomly assigned to perform either easy or intricate motor tasks with their non-dominant hand over 10 days. We conducted 10 monitoring sessions to track cortical activation in the right hemisphere (according to lateralization principles, the primary hemisphere for motor control) and evaluated motor proficiency concurrently. RESULTS The study delineated three stages of nondominant hand motor learning: rapid learning (days 1 and 2), consolidation (days 3-7), and stable performance (days 8-10). There was a power-law enhancement of motor skills correlated with learning progression. Sustained activation was observed in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and parietal lobe (PL), whereas activation in the right primary motor cortex (M1R) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFCR) decreased. These cortical activation patterns exhibited a high correlation with the augmentation of motor proficiency. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early rehabilitation interventions, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), could be optimally directed at M1 and PFC in the initial stages. In contrast, SMA and PL can be targeted throughout the motor learning process. This research illuminates the path for developing tailored motor rehabilitation interventions based on specific stages of motor learning. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY In an innovative approach, our study uniquely combines a longitudinal design with the robustness of generalized estimating equations (GEEs). With the synergy of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) paradigm, we precisely trace the evolution of neural resources during complex, real-world fine-motor task learning. Centering on right-handed participants using their nondominant hand magnifies the intricacies of right hemisphere spatial motor processing. We unravel the brain's dynamic response throughout motor learning stages and its potent link to motor skill enhancement. Significantly, our data point toward the early-phase rehabilitation potential of TMS and transcranial direct current stimulation on the M1 and PFC regions. Concurrently, SMA and PL appear poised to benefit from ongoing interventions during the entire learning curve. Our findings carve a path for refined motor rehabilitation strategies, underscoring the importance of timely noninvasive brain stimulation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Minxia Jin
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Hongman
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - LianHui Fu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Qi
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)ShanghaiChina
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15
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Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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16
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Yassin M, Lev M, Polat U. Space, time, and dynamics of binocular interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21449. [PMID: 38052879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binocular summation (BS), defined as the superiority of binocular over monocular visual performance, shows that thresholds are about 40% (a factor of 1.4) better in binocular than in monocular viewing. However, it was reported that different amounts of BS exist in a range from 1.4 to 2 values because BS is affected by the spatiotemporal parameters of the stimulus. Lateral interactions can be defined as the neuron's ability to affect the neighboring neurons by either inhibiting or exciting their activity. We investigated the effect of the spatial and temporal domains on binocular interactions and BS under the lateral masking paradigm and how BS would be affected by lateral interactions via a lateral masking experiment. The two temporal alternative forced-choice (2TAFC) method was used. The stimuli consisted of a central vertically oriented Gabor target and high-contrast Gabor flankers positioned in two configurations (orthogonal or collinear) with target-flanker separations of either 2 or 3 wavelengths (λ), presented at 4 different presentation times (40, 80, 120, and 200 ms) using a different order of measurements across the different experiments. Opaque lenses were used to control the monocular and binocular vision. BS is absent at close distances (2λ), depending on the presentation time's order, for the collinear but not for the orthogonal configuration. However, BS exists at more distant flankers (collinear and orthogonal, 3λ). BS is not uniform (1.4); it depends on the stimulus condition, the presentation times, the order, and the method that was used to control the monocular and binocular vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzouk Yassin
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maria Lev
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Polat
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Abel M, Nickl AT, Reßle A, Unger C, Bäuml KHT. The role of sleep for memory consolidation: does sleep protect memories from retroactive interference? Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2296-2304. [PMID: 37382811 PMCID: PMC10728269 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that sleep benefits memory. A major theoretical question in this area is however if sleep does so by passively shielding memories from interference that arises during wakefulness or by actively stabilizing and strengthening memories. A key finding by Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a) indicates that sleep can protect memories from retroactive interference, which suggests that sleep plays more than a passive role for memory consolidation. Sample size in this study was however small and subsequent reports in the literature provided mixed results. We therefore conducted an online study via Zoom to replicate Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a). Subjects were asked to study paired associates. After a 12-h delay that included either nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness, half of all subjects were asked to study an additional list to elicit retroactive interference. All participants were then asked to complete a memory test for the studied list(s). The results were fully consistent with those reported by Ellenbogen et al. Current Biology, 16, 1290-1294 (2006a). We discuss this successful replication against the background of the mixed literature, with a focus on the possibly critical role of study-design features, like the use of high learning criteria that resulted in performance being at ceiling, or a confound between interference and the length of the retention interval. A collaborative replication effort may be needed to reach a straightfoward answer to the question if sleep protects memories from interference (and under what conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Abel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna T Nickl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Reßle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Unger
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz T Bäuml
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany
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Apinis-Deshaies A, Tremblay J, Trempe M. Temporal and Spatial Accuracy of Reaching Movements do not Improve Off-line. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:241-252. [PMID: 38008910 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2284786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Consolidation has been associated with performance gains without additional practice (i.e., off-line learning). However, the movement characteristics improving off-line remain poorly understood. To investigate this question, participants were trained to produce a sequence of planar reaching movements toward four different visual targets. The training session with feedback required them to learn the relative time of the movements, the total movement time and aim accurately at each target. The retention test was performed either 10-min or 24-h after. Results revealed that a 24-h consolidation interval did not result in better temporal or spatial accuracy. This finding suggests that off-line learning may be restricted to sequence production tasks in which the different segments must be regrouped ("chunked") together to accelerate their execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Apinis-Deshaies
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tremblay
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Maxime Trempe
- Sport Studies Department, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Hybart R, Ferris D. Gait variability of outdoor vs treadmill walking with bilateral robotic ankle exoskeletons under proportional myoelectric control. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294241. [PMID: 37956157 PMCID: PMC10642814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower limb robotic exoskeletons are often studied in the context of steady-state treadmill walking in laboratory environments. However, the end goal of these devices is often adoption into our everyday lives. To move outside of the laboratory, there is a need to study exoskeletons in real world, complex environments. One way to study the human-machine interaction is to look at how the exoskeleton affects the user's gait. In this study we assessed changes in gait spatiotemporal variability when using a robotic ankle exoskeleton under proportional myoelectric control both inside on a treadmill and outside overground. We hypothesized that walking with the exoskeletons would not lead to significant changes in variability inside on a treadmill or outside compared to not using the exoskeletons. In addition, we hypothesized that walking outside would lead to higher variability both with and without the exoskeletons compared to treadmill walking. In support of our hypothesis, we found significantly higher coefficients of variation of stride length, stance time, and swing time when walking outside both with and without the exoskeleton. We found a significantly higher variability when using the exoskeletons inside on the treadmill, but we did not see significantly higher variability when walking outside overground. The value of this study to the literature is that it emphasizes the importance of studying exoskeletons in the environment in which they are meant to be used. By looking at only indoor gait spatiotemporal measures, we may have assumed that the exoskeletons led to higher variability which may be unsafe for certain target populations. In the context of the literature, we show that variability due to robotic ankle exoskeletons under proportional myoelectric control does not elicit different changes in stride time variability than previously found in other daily living tasks (uneven terrain, load carriage, or cognitive tasks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hybart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel Ferris
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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20
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Perta K, Bae Y, Vuolo J, Bressmann T, Fox R. The Role of Instructions in Motor Learning of Oral Versus Nasalized Speech Targets. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:4398-4413. [PMID: 37870844 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate how general, implicit instructions with auditory-perceptual emphasis; specific, explicit instructions with biomechanical focus; or both affect learning of oral-nasal balance control in speech. METHOD Thirty healthy, vocally untrained participants were assigned to one of three instructional groups (i.e., implicit, explicit, and integrated) and learned to produce oral versus nasalized vowel-, syllable-, and phrase-level targets during once-weekly sessions over 4 weeks. Learning gains and performance variability were analyzed using nasometry. RESULTS We observed a significant main effect of instruction type on learning gains at phrase level (p = .016). Specifically, the integrated group (M = 59.8%) significantly outperformed the explicit group (M = 37.9%) and numerically outperformed the implicit group (M = 45.1%). For nasalized phrase targets, results revealed a significant main effect of instruction type on performance variability (p = .042), but pairwise comparisons between instruction groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The integration of implicit processes via auditory-perceptual modeling and explicit processes via relevant biomechanical directives resulted in larger motor learning gains, especially at higher levels of task complexity (i.e., phrase) compared to providing implicit or explicit instruction alone. The higher performance variability (i.e., less stable productions) that was sometimes induced by explicit instruction did not negatively impact learning when integrated with implicit instruction. Clinical implications for speech/voice therapy models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Perta
- Department of Hearing, Speech and Language Sciences, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Youkyung Bae
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Janet Vuolo
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Tim Bressmann
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Fox
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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21
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Wang Z, Donahue EK, Guo Y, Renteln M, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW, Holschneider DP. Exercise alters cortico-basal ganglia network metabolic connectivity: a mesoscopic level analysis informed by anatomic parcellation defined in the mouse brain connectome. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1865-1884. [PMID: 37306809 PMCID: PMC10516800 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The basal ganglia are important modulators of the cognitive and motor benefits of exercise. However, the neural networks underlying these benefits remain poorly understood. Our study systematically analyzed exercise-associated changes in metabolic connectivity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network during the performance of a new motor task, with regions-of-interest defined based on mesoscopic domains recently defined in the mouse brain structural connectome. Mice were trained on a motorized treadmill for six weeks or remained sedentary (control), thereafter undergoing [14C]-2-deoxyglucose metabolic brain mapping during wheel walking. Regional cerebral glucose uptake (rCGU) was analyzed in 3-dimensional brains reconstructed from autoradiographic brain sections using statistical parametric mapping. Metabolic connectivity was assessed by calculating inter-regional correlation of rCGU cross-sectionally across subjects within a group. Compared to controls, exercised animals showed broad decreases in rCGU in motor areas, but increases in limbic areas, as well as the visual and association cortices. In addition, exercised animals showed (i) increased positive metabolic connectivity within and between the motor cortex and caudoputamen (CP), (ii) newly emerged negative connectivity of the substantia nigra pars reticulata with the globus pallidus externus, and CP, and (iii) reduced connectivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Increased metabolic connectivity in the motor circuit in the absence of increases in rCGU strongly suggests greater network efficiency, which is also supported by the reduced involvement of PFC-mediated cognitive control during the performance of a new motor task. Our study delineates exercise-associated changes in functional circuitry at the subregional level and provides a framework for understanding the effects of exercise on functions of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, KAM 400, MC9037, Los Angeles, California 90089-9037 USA
| | - Erin K. Donahue
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Yumei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, KAM 400, MC9037, Los Angeles, California 90089-9037 USA
| | - Michael Renteln
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Giselle M. Petzinger
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Michael W. Jakowec
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Daniel P. Holschneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, KAM 400, MC9037, Los Angeles, California 90089-9037 USA
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
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22
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Giuriato M, Filipas L, Crociani M, Carnevale Pellino V, Vandoni M, Gallo G, La Torre A, Rossi C, Lovecchio N, Codella R. Inter-Trial Rest Interval Affects Learning Throwing Skills among Adolescents. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:132-138. [PMID: 37828754 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2265869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Newly acquired motor skills can be critically driven by different rest periods during practice. Specifically, in the initial stages of motor skill acquisition, the interval between individual trials plays a pivotal role in facilitating effective motor performance, such as in the case of throwing. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal inter-trial rest period promoting efficient motor performance, focusing on two specific motor task actions. In a randomized counterbalanced cross-over research design 169 high-school students aged 14 were studied (M = 150; F = 19). In one block, participants performed 10 basketball free throws with a short rest interval (< 5 s) and 10 other throws with a long rest interval (∼50-60 s). In a second block, they threw a regular size tennis ball into a 1-m diameter circle on the floor at 6.75 m, again throwing 10 times with a short inter-trial rest interval and 10 times with a long inter-trial rest interval. The order of the rest intervals within each block was randomized and counterbalanced. With a repeated measures two-way analysis of variance, greater accuracy seemed to be associated with short intra-set rest intervals as there were significant main effects of both conditions (F1,167 = 368.0, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.271) and resting time (F1,167 = 18.6, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.192) and no significant interaction "condition by time". Fast practice was efficient independently of the complexity of the throwing task, suggesting robust support for schema theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giuriato
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariele Crociani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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23
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Mizes KGC, Lindsey J, Escola GS, Ölveczky BP. Dissociating the contributions of sensorimotor striatum to automatic and visually guided motor sequences. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1791-1804. [PMID: 37667040 PMCID: PMC11187818 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sequence movements in response to new task demands enables rich and adaptive behavior. However, such flexibility is computationally costly and can result in halting performances. Practicing the same motor sequence repeatedly can render its execution precise, fast and effortless, that is, 'automatic'. The basal ganglia are thought to underlie both types of sequence execution, yet whether and how their contributions differ is unclear. We parse this in rats trained to perform the same motor sequence instructed by cues and in a self-initiated overtrained, or 'automatic,' condition. Neural recordings in the sensorimotor striatum revealed a kinematic code independent of the execution mode. Although lesions reduced the movement speed and affected detailed kinematics similarly, they disrupted high-level sequence structure for automatic, but not visually guided, behaviors. These results suggest that the basal ganglia are essential for 'automatic' motor skills that are defined in terms of continuous kinematics, but can be dispensable for discrete motor sequences guided by sensory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G C Mizes
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jack Lindsey
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - G Sean Escola
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bence P Ölveczky
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Ben-Zion D, Gabitov E, Bitan T, Prior A. Impaired extraction and consolidation of morphological regularities in developmental dyslexia: A domain general deficit? Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108652. [PMID: 37527734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined whether adults with Developmental Dyslexia are impaired in learning linguistic regularities in a novel language, and whether this may be explained by a domain general deficit in the effect of sleep on consolidation. We compared online learning and offline consolidation of morphological regularities in individuals with Developmental Dyslexia (N = 40) and typical readers (N = 38). Participants learned to apply plural inflections to novel words based on morpho-phonological rules embedded in the input and learned to execute a finger motor sequence task. To test the effects of time and sleep on consolidation, participants were assigned into one of two sleep-schedule groups, trained in the evening or in the morning and tested 12 and 24 h later. Unlike typical readers, Dyslexic readers did not extract the morpho-phonological regularities during training and as a group they did not show offline gains in inflecting trained items 24 h after training, suggesting that the deficit in extraction of regularities during training may be related to the deficit in consolidation. The offline gains in dyslexic readers, were correlated with their prior phonological abilities, and were less affected by sleep than those of typical readers. Although no deficit was found in the consolidation of the motor task, dyslexic readers were again less successful in generating an abstract representation of the motor sequence, reflected in a difficulty to generalize the motor sequence knowledge acquired using one hand to the untrained hand. The results suggest that individuals with Developmental Dyslexia have a domain general deficit in extracting statistical regularities from an input. Within the language domain this deficit is reflected in reduced benefits of consolidation, particularly during sleep, perhaps due to reduced prior phonological abilities, which may impede the individual's ability to extract the linguistic regularities during and after training and thus constrain the consolidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Ben-Zion
- Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ella Gabitov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Tali Bitan
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Speech Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Anat Prior
- Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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25
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Binks JA, Wilson CJ, Van Schaik P, Eaves DL. Motor learning without physical practice: The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery practice on cup-stacking speed. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 68:102468. [PMID: 37665909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored training effects for combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) instructions on a complex cup-stacking task, without physical practice. Using a Graeco-Latin Square design, we randomly assigned twenty-six participants into four groups. This counterbalanced the within-participant factor of practice condition (AO + MI, AO, MI, Control) across four cup-stacking tasks, which varied in their complexity. On each of the three consecutive practice days participants experienced twenty trials under each of the three mental practice conditions. On each trial, a first-person perspective video depicted bilateral cup-stacking performed by an experienced model. During AO, participants passively observed this action, responding only to occasional colour cues. For AO + MI, participants imagined performing the observed action and synchronised their concurrent MI with the display. For MI, a sequence of pictures cued imagery of each stage of the task. Analyses revealed a significant main effect of practice condition both at the 'surprise' post-test (Day 3) and at the one-week retention test. At both time points movement execution times were significantly shorter for AO + MI compared with AO, MI and the Control. Execution times were also shorter overall at the retention compared with the post-test. These results demonstrate that a complex novel motor task can be acquired without physical training. Practitioners can therefore use AO + MI practice to supplement physical practice and optimise skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Binks
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - C J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - P Van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - D L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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26
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Smolla M, Akçay E. Pathways to cultural adaptation: the coevolution of cumulative culture and social networks. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 5:e26. [PMID: 37829290 PMCID: PMC10565192 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have adapted to an immense array of environments by accumulating culturally transmitted knowledge and skills. Adaptive culture can accumulate either via more distinct cultural traits or via improvements of existing cultural traits. The kind of culture that accumulates depends on, and coevolves with, the social structure of societies. Here, we show that the coevolution of learning networks and cumulative culture results in two distinct pathways to cultural adaptation: highly connected populations with high proficiency but low trait diversity vs. sparsely connected populations with low proficiency but higher trait diversity. Importantly, we show there is a conflict between group-level payoffs, which are maximised in highly connected groups that attain high proficiency, and individual level selection, which favours disconnection. This conflict emerges from the interaction of social learning with population structure and causes populations to cycle between the two cultural and network states. The same conflict creates a paradox where increasing innovation rate lowers group payoffs. Finally, we explore how populations navigate these two pathways in environments where payoffs differ among traits and can change over time, showing that high proficiency is favoured when payoffs are stable and vary strongly between traits, while frequent changes in trait payoffs favour more trait diversity. Our results illustrate the complex interplay between networks, learning and the environment, and so inform our understanding of human social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Smolla
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erol Akçay
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Iwane F, Dash D, Salamanca-Giron RF, Hayward W, Bönstrup M, Buch ER, Cohen LG. Combined low-frequency brain oscillatory activity and behavior predict future errors in human motor skill. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3145-3154.e5. [PMID: 37442139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Human skills are composed of sequences of individual actions performed with utmost precision. When occasional errors occur, they may have serious consequences, for example, when pilots are manually landing a plane. In such cases, the ability to predict an error before it occurs would clearly be advantageous. Here, we asked whether it is possible to predict future errors in a keyboard procedural human motor skill. We report that prolonged keypress transition times (KTTs), reflecting slower speed, and anomalous delta-band oscillatory activity in cingulate-entorhinal-precuneus brain regions precede upcoming errors in skill. Combined anomalous low-frequency activity and prolonged KTTs predicted up to 70% of future errors. Decoding strength (posterior probability of error) increased progressively approaching the errors. We conclude that it is possible to predict future individual errors in skill sequential performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Iwane
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debadatta Dash
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - William Hayward
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marlene Bönstrup
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ethan R Buch
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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29
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Abeles D, Herszage J, Shahar M, Censor N. Initial motor skill performance predicts future performance, but not learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11359. [PMID: 37443195 PMCID: PMC10344907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People show vast variability in skill performance and learning. What determines a person's individual performance and learning ability? In this study we explored the possibility to predict participants' future performance and learning, based on their behavior during initial skill acquisition. We recruited a large online multi-session sample of participants performing a sequential tapping skill learning task. We used machine learning to predict future performance and learning from raw data acquired during initial skill acquisition, and from engineered features calculated from the raw data. Strong correlations were observed between initial and final performance, and individual learning was not predicted. While canonical experimental tasks developed and selected to detect average effects may constrain insights regarding individual variability, development of novel tasks may shed light on the underlying mechanism of individual skill learning, relevant for real-life scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekel Abeles
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jasmine Herszage
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moni Shahar
- AI and Data Science Center of Tel Aviv University (TAD), 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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30
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Bonuzzi GMG, Bastos FH, Schweighofer N, Wade E, Winstein CJ, Torriani-Pasin C. Moderate-intensity cardiovascular exercise performed before motor practice attenuates offline implicit motor learning in stroke survivors but not age-matched neurotypical adults. Exp Brain Res 2023:10.1007/s00221-023-06659-w. [PMID: 37395857 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The acute impact of cardiovascular exercise on implicit motor learning of stroke survivors is still unknown. We investigated the effects of cardiovascular exercise on implicit motor learning of mild-moderately impaired chronic stroke survivors and neurotypical adults. We addressed whether exercise priming effects are time-dependent (e.g., exercise before or after practice) in the encoding (acquisition) and recall (retention) phases. Forty-five stroke survivors and 45 age-matched neurotypical adults were randomized into three sub-groups: BEFORE (exercise, then motor practice), AFTER (motor practice, then exercise), and No-EX (motor practice alone). All sub-groups practiced a serial reaction time task (five repeated and two pseudorandom sequences per day) on three consecutive days, followed 7 days later by a retention test (one repeated sequence). Exercise was performed on a stationary bike, (one 20-min bout per day) at 50% to 70% heart rate reserve. Implicit motor learning was measured as a difference score (repeated-pseudorandom sequence response time) during practice (acquisition) and recall (delayed retention). Separate analyses were performed on the stroke and neurotypical groups using linear mixed-effects models (participant ID was a random effect). There was no exercise-induced benefit on implicit motor learning for any sub-group. However, exercise performed before practice impaired encoding in neurotypical adults and attenuated retention performance of stroke survivors. There is no benefit to implicit motor learning of moderately intense cardiovascular exercise for stroke survivors or age-matched neurotypical adults, regardless of timing. Practice under a high arousal state and exercise-induced fatigue may have attenuated offline learning in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Marcio Gatinho Bonuzzi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Piauí, Professor Barros Araújo Campus, BR-316, KM 299, Altamira, Picos, Piaui, 64602-000, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Henrique Bastos
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Schweighofer
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Wade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Carolee Joyce Winstein
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Camila Torriani-Pasin
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neurorehabilitation, Exercise Science and Learning (NEUROEXCEL), Department of Physical Therapy and Movement Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Zoghi M, Jaberzadeh S. A step toward restoring hand functions in patients with multiple sclerosis-a study protocol. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1053577. [PMID: 37387732 PMCID: PMC10303119 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1053577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination of axons, and oligodendrocyte loss in the central nervous system. This leads to neurological dysfunction, including hand impairment, which is prevalent among patients with MS. However, hand impairment is the least targeted area for neurorehabilitation studies. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach to improve hand functions compared to current strategies. Studies have shown that learning new skills in the motor cortex (M1) can trigger the production of oligodendrocytes and myelin, which is a critical mechanism for neuroplasticity. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to enhance motor learning and function in human subjects. However, tDCS induces non-specific effects, and concurrent behavioral training has been found to optimize its benefits. Recent research indicates that applying tDCS during motor learning can have priming effects on the long-term potentiation mechanism and prolong the effects of motor training in health and disease. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether applying repeated tDCS during the learning of a new motor skill in M1 can be more effective in improving hand functions in patients with MS than current neurorehabilitation strategies. If this approach proves successful in improving hand functions in patients with MS, it could be adopted as a new approach to restore hand functions. Additionally, if the application of tDCS demonstrates an accumulative effect in improving hand functions in patients with MS, it could provide an adjunct intervention during rehabilitation for these patients. This study will contribute to the growing body of literature on the use of tDCS in neurorehabilitation and could have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care (SPAHC), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kim H, Lee G, Lee J, Kim YH. Alterations in learning-related cortical activation and functional connectivity by high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation after stroke: an fNIRS study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1189420. [PMID: 37332855 PMCID: PMC10275383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1189420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor learning is a key component of stroke neurorehabilitation. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) was recently developed as a tDCS technique that increases the accuracy of current delivery to the brain using arrays of small electrodes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HD-tDCS alters learning-related cortical activation and functional connectivity in stroke patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Using a sham-controlled crossover study design, 16 chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to one of two intervention conditions. Both groups performed the sequential finger tapping task (SFTT) on five consecutive days, either with (a) real HD-tDCS or (b) with sham HD-tDCS. HD-tDCS (1 mA for 20 min, 4 × 1) was administered to C3 or C4 (according to lesion side). fNIRS signals were measured during the SFTT with the affected hand before (baseline) and after each intervention using fNIRS measurement system. Cortical activation and functional connectivity of NIRS signals were analyzed using a statistical parametric mapping open-source software package (NIRS-SPM), OptoNet II®. Results In the real HD-tDCS condition, oxyHb concentration increased significantly in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1). Connectivity between the ipsilesional M1 and the premotor cortex (PM) was noticeably strengthened after real HD-tDCS compared with baseline. Motor performance also significantly improved, as shown in response time during the SFTT. In the sham HD-tDCS condition, functional connectivity between contralesional M1 and sensory cortex was enhanced compared with baseline. There was tendency toward improvement in SFTT response time, but without significance. Discussion The results of this study indicated that HD-tDCS could modulate learning-related cortical activity and functional connectivity within motor networks to enhance motor learning performance. HD-tDCS can be used as an additional tool for enhancing motor learning during hand rehabilitation for chronic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heegoo Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Haeundae Sharing and Happiness Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
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Mangalam M, Yarossi M, Furmanek MP, Krakauer JW, Tunik E. Investigating and acquiring motor expertise using virtual reality. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1482-1491. [PMID: 37194954 PMCID: PMC10281781 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00088.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
After just months of simulated training, on January 19, 2019 a 23-year-old E-sports pro-gamer, Enzo Bonito, took to the racetrack and beat Lucas di Grassi, a Formula E and ex-Formula 1 driver with decades of real-world racing experience. This event raised the possibility that practicing in virtual reality can be surprisingly effective for acquiring motor expertise in real-world tasks. Here, we evaluate the potential of virtual reality to serve as a space for training to expert levels in highly complex real-world tasks in time windows much shorter than those required in the real world and at much lower financial cost without the hazards of the real world. We also discuss how VR can also serve as an experimental platform for exploring the science of expertise more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Mathew Yarossi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mariusz P Furmanek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - John W Krakauer
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
| | - Eugene Tunik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Borrell JA, Manattu AK, Copeland C, Fraser K, D’Ovidio A, Granatowicz Z, Lesiak AC, Figy SC, Zuniga JM. Phantom limb therapy improves cortical efficiency of the sensorimotor network in a targeted muscle reinnervation amputee: a case report. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1130050. [PMID: 37234264 PMCID: PMC10205977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery involves the coaptation of amputated nerves to nearby motor nerve branches with the purpose of reclosing the neuromuscular loop in order to reduce phantom limb pain. The purpose of this case study was to create a phantom limb therapy protocol for an amputee after undergoing TMR surgery, where the four main nerves of his right arm were reinnervated into the chest muscles. The goal of this phantom limb therapy was to further strengthen these newly formed neuromuscular closed loops. The case participant (male, 21- years of age, height = 5'8″ and weight = 134 lbs) presented 1- year after a trans-humeral amputation of the right arm along with TMR surgery and participated in phantom limb therapy for 3 months. Data collections for the subject occurred every 2 weeks for 3 months. During the data collections, the subject performed various movements of the phantom and intact limb specific to each reinnervated nerve and a gross manual dexterity task (Box and Block Test) while measuring brain activity and recording qualitative feedback from the subject. The results demonstrated that phantom limb therapy produced significant changes of cortical activity, reduced fatigue, fluctuation in phantom pain, improved limb synchronization, increased sensory sensation, and decreased correlation strength between intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric channels. These results suggest an overall improved cortical efficiency of the sensorimotor network. These results add to the growing knowledge of cortical reorganization after TMR surgery, which is becoming more common to aid in the recovery after amputation. More importantly, the results of this study suggest that the phantom limb therapy may have accelerated the decoupling process, which provides direct clinical benefits to the patient such as reduced fatigue and improved limb synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Borrell
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Center for Biomedical Rehabilitation and Manufacturing, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaitlin Fraser
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Andrew D’Ovidio
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Zach Granatowicz
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alex C. Lesiak
- Orthopedic Surgery, OrthoNebraska Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sean C. Figy
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jorge M. Zuniga
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Center for Biomedical Rehabilitation and Manufacturing, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
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Ericson J, Klingberg T. A dual-process model for cognitive training. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:12. [PMID: 37149680 PMCID: PMC10164188 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A key goal in cognitive training research is understanding whether cognitive training enhances general cognitive capacity or provides only task-specific improvements. Here, we developed a quantitative model for describing the temporal dynamics of these two processes. We analyzed data from 1300 children enrolled in an 8 week working memory training program that included 5 transfer test sessions. Factor analyses suggested two separate processes: an early task-specific improvement, accounting for 44% of the total increase, and a slower capacity improvement. A hidden Markov model was then applied to individual training data, revealing that the task-specific improvement plateaued on the third day of training on average. Thus, training is not only task specific or transferable but a combination of the two. The models provide methods for quantifying and separating these processes, which is crucial for studying the effects of cognitive training and relating these effects to neural correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ericson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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Lv X, Funahashi S, Li C, Wu J. Variational relevance evaluation of individual fMRI data enables deconstruction of task-dependent neural dynamics. Commun Biol 2023; 6:491. [PMID: 37147471 PMCID: PMC10163018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuroimaging research, univariate analysis has always been used to localize "representations" at the microscale, whereas network approaches have been applied to characterize transregional "operations". How are representations and operations linked through dynamic interactions? We developed the variational relevance evaluation (VRE) method to analyze individual task fMRI data, which selects informative voxels during model training to localize the "representation", and quantifies the dynamic contributions of single voxels across the whole-brain to different cognitive functions to characterize the "operation". Using 15 individual fMRI data files for higher visual area localizers, we evaluated the characterization of selected voxel positions of VRE and revealed different object-selective regions functioning in similar dynamics. Using another 15 individual fMRI data files for memory retrieval after offline learning, we found similar task-related regions working in different neural dynamics for tasks with diverse familiarities. VRE demonstrates a promising horizon in individual fMRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lv
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Researh Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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37
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Nucci L, Miraglia F, Alù F, Pappalettera C, Judica E, Manenti R, Rossini PM, Vecchio F. Reaction time and cognitive strategies: The role of education in task performance. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2023.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Lo LLH, Lee EHM, Hui CLM, Chong CSY, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lin JJ, Lo WTL, Chen EYH. Effect of high-endurance exercise intervention on sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation in individuals with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1708-1720. [PMID: 34615565 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of physical exercise on sleep-dependent consolidation of procedural memory in individuals with schizophrenia. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving this cognitive function in schizophrenia. METHODS A three-arm parallel open-labeled RCT took place in a university hospital. Participants were randomized and allocated into either the high-intensity-interval-training group (HIIT), aerobic-endurance exercise group (AE), or psychoeducation group for 12 weeks, with three sessions per week. Seventy-nine individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were contacted and screened for their eligibility. A total of 51 were successfully recruited in the study. The primary outcome was sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation performance as measured by the finger-tapping motor sequence task (MST). Assessments were conducted during baseline and follow-up on week 12. RESULTS The MST performance scored significantly higher in the HIIT (n = 17) compared to the psychoeducation group (n = 18) after the week 12 intervention (p < 0.001). The performance differences between the AE (n = 16) and the psychoeducation (p = 0.057), and between the AE and the HIIT (p = 0.999) were not significant. Yet, both HIIT (p < 0.0001) and AE (p < 0.05) showed significant within-group post-intervention improvement. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HIIT and AE were effective at reverting the defective sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation in individuals with schizophrenia. Moreover, HIIT had a more distinctive effect compared to the control group. These findings suggest that HIIT may be a more effective treatment to improve sleep-dependent memory functions in individuals with schizophrenia than AE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jessie Jingxia Lin
- Neuroscience and Neurological Rehabilitation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Egger S, Wälchli M, Rüeger E, Taube W. Short-term balance consolidation relies on the primary motor cortex: a rTMS study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5169. [PMID: 36997548 PMCID: PMC10063530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional adaptations occur in the primary motor cortex (M1) after only a few balance learning sessions. Nevertheless, the role of M1 in consolidating balance tasks remains to be discussed, as direct evidence is missing due to the fact that it is unclear whether adaptations in M1 are indeed the driving force for balance improvements or merely the consequence of improved balance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the primary motor cortex is involved in the learning and consolidation of balance tasks. Thirty participants were randomly allocated into a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or sham-rTMS group. The experimental design included a single balance acquisition phase, followed by either 15 min of low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz at 115% of resting motor threshold to disrupt the involvement of M1) or sham-rTMS, and finally a retention test 24 h later. During the acquisition phase, no differences in balance improvements were observed between the two groups. However, significant differences between the rTMS and the sham-rTMS group were found from the end of the acquisition phase to the retention test. While the rTMS group had a performance loss, the sham-rTMS group displayed significant off-line gains (p = 0.001). For the first time, this finding may propose a causal relationship between the involvement of M1 and the acquisition and consolidation of a balance task.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egger
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Medicine Section, Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 90, Office F440, 1700, Fribourg/Freiburg, Switzerland.
| | - M Wälchli
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Rüeger
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - W Taube
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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40
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Martin E, Scotté-Barranoff C, Tallet J. What neurological diseases tell us about procedural perceptual-motor learning? A systematic review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06724-w. [PMID: 36973591 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Procedural perceptual-motor learning of sequences (PPMLS) provides perceptual-motor skills in many activities of daily living. Based on behavioral and neuroimaging results, theoretical models of PPMLS postulate that the cortico-striatal loop, the cortico-cerebellar loop and the hippocampus are specifically involved in the early stage of PPMLS while the cortico-striatal loop would be specifically involved in the late stage of PPMLS. Hence, current models predict that the early stage of PPMLS should be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD: lesion of the cortico-striatal loop), in cerebellar disease (CD: lesion of the cortico-cerebellar loop) and in Alzheimer's disease (AD: lesion of the hippocampus), whereas the late stage of PPMLS should be specifically impaired in PD. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is (1) to draw a complete picture of experimental results on PPMLS in PD, CD and AD (2) to understand heterogeneity of results as regard to participant and task characteristics. METHOD This review is based on the guideline proposed by the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Our review reveals (1) that the experimental results clarify the theoretical models and (2) that the impairment of PPMLS depends on both the personal characteristics of the participants and the characteristics of the task to-be-learnt rather than on the disease itself. CONCLUSION Our results highlight that these characteristics should be more carefully considered to understand the heterogeneity of results across studies on PPMLS and the effects of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Martin
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Formation en Psychomotricité, Université Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Jessica Tallet
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Im S, Park H. A Mathematical Mindset Scale using the positive norms. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongah Im
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Hye‐Jin Park
- Center on Disability Studies University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
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42
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Leem YH, Park JS, Park JE, Kim DY, Kim HS. Suppression of neuroinflammation and α-synuclein oligomerization by rotarod walking exercise in subacute MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 165:105519. [PMID: 36931345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) belongs to an α-synucleinopathy and manifests motor dysfunction attributed to nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. In clinical practice, the beneficial role of physical therapy such as motor skill learning training has been recognized in PD-linked motor defects. Nevertheless, the disease-modifying effects of motor skill learning training on PD-related pathology remain unclear. Here, we investigated the disease-modifying effects of rotarod walking exercise (RWE), a modality of motor skill learning training, in a subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. In motor function and dopaminergic degeneration, RWE improved MPTP-induced deficits. In addition, RWE enhanced the expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF/GDNF, PGC1-α, Nurr1, and p-AMPK, thereby recovering dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Moreover, RWE inhibited microglial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as p-IκBα, iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and cathepsin D, while elevating anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β. RWE also decreased oxidative stress markers in the substantia nigra, such as 4-HNE and 8-OHdG-positive cells, while increasing Nrf2-controlled antioxidant enzymes. Regarding the effect of RWE on α-synuclein, it reduced the monomer/oligomer forms of α-synuclein and phosphorylation at serine 129. Further mechanistic studies revealed that RWE suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and p-GSK3β (Y216), which play key roles in α-synuclein aggregation. These data collectively suggest that inhibition of neuroinflammation and α-synuclein oligomerization by RWE may contribute to the improvement of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Do-Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ryan JL, Eng E, Fehlings DL, Wright FV, Levac DE, Beal DS. Motor Evoked Potential Amplitude in Motor Behavior-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Studies: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:313-329. [PMID: 36919517 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2184320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Motor evoked potential amplitude (MEPamp) is frequently measured in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies that target the primary motor cortex (M1), and a subset of these studies involve motor behavior. This systematic review explored the role of MEPamp as an indicator of neural change in M1-targeted tDCS studies involving motor behavior (i.e., motor practice and/or evaluation of motor performance) in healthy individuals, and examined the association between changes in motor performance and MEPamp. We executed our search strategy across four bibliographic databases. Twenty-two manuscripts met eligibility criteria. While anodal tDCS combined with motor practice frequently increased MEPamp, MEPamp outcomes did not necessarily align with changes in motor performance. Thus, MEPamp may not be the most appropriate indicator of neural change in tDCS studies that aim to improve motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ryan
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily Eng
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darcy L Fehlings
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Virginia Wright
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle E Levac
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Deryk S Beal
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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44
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Chen R, Wang S, Fan Y, Liu X, Wang J, Lv Y, Wang D, Wu D, Cao W, Zou Q. Acute Tai Chi Chuan exercise enhances sustained attention and elicits increased cuneus/precuneus activation in young adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2969-2981. [PMID: 35718539 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential for acute exercise to enhance attention has been discussed in the literature. However, the neural mechanisms by which acute exercise affects attention remain elusive. METHOD In this study, we first identified an optimized acute Tai Chi Chuan (ATCC) exercise protocol that enhances sustained attention performance and then aimed to determine the neural substrates of exercise-enhanced attention. Reaction time (RT) from the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was used to evaluate sustained attention. In Experiment 1, improvements in RTs were compared among six different exercise protocols. In Experiment 2, the participants completed the PVT in an MRI scanner on both rest and exercise days. RESULTS Experiment 1 showed that practicing TCC 3 times for a total of 20 minutes, followed by 10-minute rest periods, resulted in the largest improvements in RTs. Experiment 2 showed that ATCC enhanced sustained attention, as evidenced by shorter RTs, and resulted in greater cuneus/precuneus activation after exercise than in the rest condition. Exercise-induced changes in brain activities across a distributed network exhibited significant correlations with attention. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study indicates that ATCC effectively enhances sustained attention and underscores the key role of the cuneus/precuneus and frontoparietal-cerebellar regions in facilitating vigilance among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Chen
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajun Fan
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianfa Liu
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong Wu
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wentian Cao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
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45
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Binks JA, Emerson JR, Scott MW, Wilson C, van Schaik P, Eaves DL. Enhancing upper-limb neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors using combined action observation and motor imagery therapy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1097422. [PMID: 36937513 PMCID: PMC10017546 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1097422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For people who have had a stroke, recovering upper-limb function is a barrier to independence. When movement is difficult, mental practice can be used to complement physical therapy. In this within-participants study we investigated the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) therapy on upper-limb recovery in chronic stroke survivors. Methods A Graeco-Latin Square design was used to counterbalance four mental practice conditions (AO + MI, AO, MI, Control) across four cup-stacking tasks of increasing complexity. Once a week, for five consecutive weeks, participants (n = 10) performed 16 mental practice trials under each condition. Each trial displayed a 1st person perspective of a cup-stacking task performed by an experienced model. For AO, participants watched each video and responded to an occasional color cue. For MI, participants imagined the effort and sensation of performing the action; cued by a series of still-images. For combined AO + MI, participants observed a video of the action while they simultaneously imagined performing the same action in real-time. At three time points (baseline; post-test; two-week retention test) participants physically executed the three mentally practiced cup-stacking tasks, plus a fourth unpractised sequence (Control), as quickly and accurately as possible. Results Mean movement execution times were significantly reduced overall in the post-test and the retention test compared to baseline. At retention, movement execution times were significantly shorter for combined AO + MI compared to both MI and the Control. Individual participants reported clinically important changes in quality of life (Stroke Impact Scale) and positive qualitative experiences of AO + MI (social validation). Discussion These results indicate that when physical practice is unsuitable, combined AO + MI therapy could offer an effective adjunct for neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Aaron Binks
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Reyes Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Allied Health Professions, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lloyd Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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46
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Polskaia N, St-Amant G, Fraser S, Lajoie Y. Involvement of the prefrontal cortex in motor sequence learning: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study. Brain Cogn 2023; 166:105940. [PMID: 36621187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study on motor sequence learning (Polskaia et al., 2020) did not detect the same decrease in activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) associated with movement automaticity, as reported by Wu et al. (2004). This was partly attributed to insufficient practice time to reach neural efficiency. Therefore, we sought to expand on our previous work to better understand the contribution of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to motor sequence learning by examining learning across a longer period of time. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or trained. fNIRS was acquired at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and retention. Participants performed four sequences (S1, S2, S3, and S4) of right-hand finger tapping. The trained group also underwent four days of practice of S1 and S2. No group differences in the left DLPFC and ventrolateral (VLPFC) were found between sessions for S1 and S2. Our findings revealed increased contribution from the right VLPFC in post-test for the trained group, which may reflect the active retrieval of explicit information from long-term memory. Our results suggest that despite additional practice time, explicit motor sequence learning requires the continued involvement of the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Polskaia
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle St-Amant
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Yves Lajoie
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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47
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Höbler F, Bitan T, Tremblay L, De Nil L. Explicit benefits: Motor sequence acquisition and short-term retention in adults who do and do not stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2023; 75:105959. [PMID: 36736073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Motor sequencing skills have been found to distinguish individuals who experience developmental stuttering from those who do not stutter, with these differences extending to non-verbal sequencing behaviour. Previous research has focused on measures of reaction time and practice under externally cued conditions to decipher the motor learning abilities of persons who stutter. Without the confounds of extraneous demands and sensorimotor processing, we investigated motor sequence learning under conditions of explicit awareness and focused practice among adults with persistent development stuttering. Across two consecutive practice sessions, 18 adults who stutter (AWS) and 18 adults who do not stutter (ANS) performed the finger-to-thumb opposition sequencing (FOS) task. Both groups demonstrated significant within-session performance improvements, as evidenced by fast on-line learning of finger sequences on day one. Additionally, neither participant group showed deterioration of their learning gains the following day, indicating a relative stabilization of finger sequencing performance during the off-line period. These findings suggest that under explicit and focused conditions, early motor learning gains and their short-term retention do not differ between AWS and ANS. Additional factors influencing motor sequencing performance, such as task complexity and saturation of learning, are also considered. Further research into explicit motor learning and its generalization following extended practice and follow-up in persons who stutter is warranted. The potential benefits of motor practice generalizability among individuals who stutter and its relevance to supporting treatment outcomes are suggested as future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Höbler
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - Tali Bitan
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Psychology and IIPDM, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Clara Benson Building, 320 Huron St., Room 231, Toronto, ON M5S 3J7, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Luc De Nil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
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48
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Maldonado T, Jackson TB, Bernard JA. Anodal cerebellar stimulation increases cortical activation: Evidence for cerebellar scaffolding of cortical processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1666-1682. [PMID: 36468490 PMCID: PMC9921230 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
While the cerebellum contributes to nonmotor task performance, the specific contributions of the structure remain unknown. One possibility is that the cerebellum allows for the offloading of cortical processing, providing support during task performance, using internal models. Here we used transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate cerebellar function and investigate the impact on cortical activation patterns. Participants (n = 74; 22.03 ± 3.44 years) received either cathodal, anodal, or sham stimulation over the right cerebellum before a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan during which they completed a sequence learning and a working memory task. We predicted that cathodal stimulation would improve, and anodal stimulation would hinder task performance and cortical activation. Behaviorally, anodal stimulation negatively impacted behavior during late-phase sequence learning. Functionally, we found that anodal cerebellar stimulation resulted in increased bilateral cortical activation, particularly in parietal and frontal regions known to be involved in cognitive processing. This suggests that if the cerebellum is not functioning optimally, there is a greater need for cortical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Maldonado
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Trevor Bryan Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica A Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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49
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Herszage J, Bönstrup M, Cohen LG, Censor N. Reactivation-induced motor skill modulation does not operate at a rapid micro-timescale level. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2930. [PMID: 36808164 PMCID: PMC9941091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence shows that consolidated memories are susceptible to modifications following their reactivation. Processes of memory consolidation and reactivation-induced skill modulation have been commonly documented after hours or days. Motivated by studies showing rapid consolidation in early stages of motor skill acquisition, here we asked whether motor skill memories are susceptible to modifications following brief reactivations, even at initial stages of learning. In a set of experiments, we collected crowdsourced online motor sequence data to test whether post-encoding interference and performance enhancement occur following brief reactivations in early stages of learning. Results indicate that memories forming during early learning are not susceptible to interference nor to enhancement within a rapid reactivation-induced time window, relative to control conditions. This set of evidence suggests that reactivation-induced motor skill memory modulation might be dependent on consolidation at the macro-timescale level, requiring hours or days to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Herszage
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Sharet Building, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marlene Bönstrup
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo G. Cohen
- grid.416870.c0000 0001 2177 357XHuman Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nitzan Censor
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Sharet Building, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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50
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Gunuc S, Koylu EO. Investigation of the Relationships Between Beck Depression/Anxiety Scores and Neuropsychological Tests Scores with Lifestyle Behaviors in the Context of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenesis Approach. Neuroscience 2023; 516:62-74. [PMID: 36805428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationships between lifestyle behaviors within the scope of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis approach and depression, anxiety and neuropsychological test scores were examined. As this study aimed to reveal the relationships between events or variables, it was designed using the "descriptive cross-sectional study" method, one of descriptive and relational research methods, was used. The data were collected from 117 students by the researchers using the Öktem Verbal Memory Test, WCST, Digit Span Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Scale and Lifestyle Behaviors Survey.According to the results, the quality of sport/exercise and the quality of life showed a significant difference in the depression model, while social support demonstrated a significant difference in the anxiety model. It was seen that those with high scores in life quality and in perceived social support had significantly lower depression and anxiety scores. Moreover, those with good levels of sleep quality, social interaction and nutrition had significantly lower depression scores.Both depression and anxiety scores of those who did sport/exercise, which was among the lifestyle behaviors, were found to be significantly lower. Lastly, the correlations between the neuropsychological test scores and the depression and anxiety scores were examined, and a significant positive correlation was found between both depression and anxiety scores and the "failure to maintain set" scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gunuc
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Ersin O Koylu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, İzmir Bakırçay University, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
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