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Karpova Y, Tulin AV. Adaptive genetic mechanisms in mammalian Parp1 locus. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae165. [PMID: 39056235 PMCID: PMC11373653 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a highly conserved nuclear protein in multicellular organisms that by modulating chromatin opening facilitates gene expression during development. All reported Parp1 null knockout mouse strains are viable with no developmental anomalies. It was believed that functional redundancy with other PARP family members, mainly PARP2, explains such a controversy. However, while PARP2 has similar catalytic domain to PARP1, it lacks other domains, making the absence of developmental problems in Parp1 mice knockouts unlikely. Contrary to prior assumptions, in our analysis of the best-investigated Parp1 knockout mouse strain, we identified persistent mRNA expression, albeit at reduced levels. Transcript analysis revealed an alternatively spliced Parp1 variant lacking exon 2. Subsequent protein analysis confirmed the existence of a truncated PARP1 protein in knockout mice. The decreased level of poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) was detected in Parp1 knockout embryonic stem (ES) cells with western blotting analysis, but immunofluorescence staining did not detect any difference in distribution or level of pADPr in nuclei of knockout ES cells. pADPr level in double Parp1 Parg mutant ES cells greatly exceeded its amount in normal and even in hypomorph Parg mutant ES cells, suggesting the presence of functionally active PARP1. Therefore, our findings challenge the conventional understanding of PARP1 depletion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Karpova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Alexei V Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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2
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Xu K, Yu Z, Lu T, Peng W, Gong Y, Chen C. PARP1 bound to XRCC2 promotes tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 38907095 PMCID: PMC11192709 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By complexing poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) in reaction to broke strand, PAR polymerase1 (PARP1) acts as the key enzyme participated in DNA repair. However, recent studies suggest that unrepaired DNA breaks results in persistent PARP1 activation, which leads to a progressively reduce in hexokinase1 (HK1) activity and cell death. PARP-1 is TCF-4/β-A novel co activator of gene transactivation induced by catenin may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanism of PARP1 remains elusive. METHODS 212 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who had the operation at our hospital were recruited. PARP1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Stable CRC cell lines with low or high PARP1 expression were constructed. Survival analysis was computed based on PARP1 expression. The cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 and Colony formation assay. The interaction of PARP1 and XRCC2 was detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. RESULTS Compared with matching adjacent noncancerous tissue, PARP1 was upregulated in CRC tissue which was correlated with the degree of differentiation, TNM stage, depth of invasion, metastasis, and survival. In addition, after constructing CRC stable cell lines with abnormal expression of PARP1, we found that overexpression of PARP1 promoted proliferation, and demonstrated the interaction between PARP1 and XRCC2 in CRC cells through immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. Moreover, the inhibitor of XRCC2 can suppress the in vitro proliferation arousing by upregulation of PARP1. CONCLUSIONS PARP1 was upregulated in CRC cells and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, the expression status of PARP1 was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological features and 5-year survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhige Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailiang Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Aljardali MW, Kremer KM, Parker JE, Fleming E, Chen H, Lea JS, Kraus WL, Camacho CV. Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1495-1504. [PMID: 38767454 PMCID: PMC11172406 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells with DNA repair defects (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutant cells) are vulnerable to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) due to induction of synthetic lethality. However, recent clinical evidence has shown that PARPi can prevent the growth of some cancers irrespective of their BRCA1/2 status, suggesting alternative mechanisms of action. We previously discovered one such mechanism in breast cancer involving DDX21, an RNA helicase that localizes to the nucleoli of cells and is a target of PARP1. We have now extended this observation in endometrial and ovarian cancers and provided links to patient outcomes. When PARP1-mediated ADPRylation of DDX21 is inhibited by niraparib, DDX21 is mislocalized to the nucleoplasm resulting in decreased rDNA transcription, which leads to a reduction in ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, and ultimately endometrial and ovarian cancer cell growth. High PARP1 expression was associated with high nucleolar localization of DDX21 in both cancers. High nucleolar DDX21 negatively correlated with calculated IC50s for niraparib. By studying endometrial cancer patient samples, we were able to show that high DDX21 nucleolar localization was significantly associated with decreased survival. Our study suggests that the use of PARPi as a cancer therapeutic can be expanded to further types of cancers and that DDX21 localization can potentially be used as a prognostic factor and as a biomarker for response to PARPi. SIGNIFICANCE Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers for response to PARPi outside of homologous recombination deficiency. Herein we present a unique potential biomarker, with clear functional understanding of the molecular mechanism by which DDX21 nucleolar localization can predict response to PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa W. Aljardali
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kevin M. Kremer
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jessica E. Parker
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elaine Fleming
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jayanthi S. Lea
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cristel V. Camacho
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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4
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Sarkar S, Deiter C, Kyle JE, Guney MA, Sarbaugh D, Yin R, Li X, Cui Y, Ramos-Rodriguez M, Nicora CD, Syed F, Juan-Mateu J, Muralidharan C, Pasquali L, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL, Webb-Robertson BJM, Burnum-Johnson K, Orr G, Laskin J, Metz TO, Mirmira RG, Sussel L, Ansong C, Nakayasu ES. Regulation of β-cell death by ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 via lipid signaling in insulitis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:141. [PMID: 38383396 PMCID: PMC10880366 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids are regulators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how the islet lipid composition and downstream signaling regulate β-cell death. METHODS We performed lipidomics using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β cells treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interlukine-1β and interferon-γ, and islets from pre-diabetic non-obese mice. We also performed mass spectrometry and fluorescence imaging to determine the localization of lipids and enzyme in islets. RNAi, apoptotic assay, and qPCR were performed to determine the role of a specific factor in lipid-mediated cytokine signaling. RESULTS Across all three models, lipidomic analyses showed a consistent increase of lysophosphatidylcholine species and phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated fatty acids and a reduction of triacylglycerol species. Imaging assays showed that phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated fatty acids and their hydrolyzing enzyme phospholipase PLA2G6 are enriched in islets. In downstream signaling, omega-3 fatty acids reduce cytokine-induced β-cell death by improving the expression of ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3. The mechanism involves omega-3 fatty acid-mediated reduction of the histone methylation polycomb complex PRC2 component Suz12, upregulating the expression of Arh3, which in turn decreases cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide insights into the change of lipidomics landscape in β cells during insulitis and identify a protective mechanism by omega-3 fatty acids. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Cailin Deiter
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Michelle A Guney
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dylan Sarbaugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ruichuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Xiangtang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mireia Ramos-Rodriguez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jonas Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristin Burnum-Johnson
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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You Y, Sarkar S, Deiter C, Elliott EC, Nicora CD, Mirmira RG, Sussel L, Nakayasu ES. Reduction of chemokine CXCL9 expression by omega-3 fatty acids via ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 in MIN6 insulin-producing cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578079. [PMID: 38352306 PMCID: PMC10862892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β cells of the pancreas. Omega-3 fatty acids protect β cells and reduce the incident of T1D. However, how omega-3 fatty acids act on β cells is not well understood. We have shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated β-cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of the ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3. Here, we further investigate the β-cell protection mechanism by ARH3 by performing siRNA of its gene Adprhl2 in MIN6 insulin-producing cells followed by treatment with a cocktail of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β + IFN-γ + TNF-α, and proteomics analysis. ARH3 regulated proteins from several pathways related to the nucleus (splicing, RNA surveillance and nucleocytoplasmic transport), mitochondria (metabolic pathways) and endoplasmic reticulum (protein folding). ARH3 also regulated the levels of cytokine-signaling proteins related to the antigen processing and presentation, and chemokine-signaling pathway. We further studied the role of ARH in regulating the chemokine CXCL9. We confirmed that ARH3 reduces the cytokine-induced expression of CXCL9 by ELISA. We also found that CXCL9 expression is regulated by omega-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, we showed that omega-3 fatty acids regulate CXCL9 expression via ARH3, which might have a role in protecting β cells from immune attack and preventing T1D development.
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Sinha SK, Nicholas SB. Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7349. [PMID: 38068400 PMCID: PMC10707303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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7
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Kamaletdinova T, Zong W, Urbánek P, Wang S, Sannai M, Grigaravičius P, Sun W, Fanaei-Kahrani Z, Mangerich A, Hottiger MO, Li T, Wang ZQ. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Lacking Enzymatic Activity Is Not Compatible with Mouse Development. Cells 2023; 12:2078. [PMID: 37626888 PMCID: PMC10453916 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) binds DNA lesions to catalyse poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) using NAD+ as a substrate. PARP1 plays multiple roles in cellular activities, including DNA repair, transcription, cell death, and chromatin remodelling. However, whether these functions are governed by the enzymatic activity or scaffolding function of PARP1 remains elusive. In this study, we inactivated in mice the enzymatic activity of PARP1 by truncating its C-terminus that is essential for ART catalysis (PARP1ΔC/ΔC, designated as PARP1-ΔC). The mutation caused embryonic lethality between embryonic day E8.5 and E13.5, in stark contrast to PARP1 complete knockout (PARP1-/-) mice, which are viable. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines can be derived from PARP1ΔC/ΔC blastocysts, and these mutant ES cells can differentiate into all three germ layers, yet, with a high degree of cystic structures, indicating defects in epithelial cells. Intriguingly, PARP1-ΔC protein is expressed at very low levels compared to its full-length counterpart, suggesting a selective advantage for cell survival. Noticeably, PARP2 is particularly elevated and permanently present at the chromatin in PARP1-ΔC cells, indicating an engagement of PARP2 by non-enzymatic PARP1 protein at the chromatin. Surprisingly, the introduction of PARP1-ΔC mutation in adult mice did not impair their viability; yet, these mutant mice are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, similar to PARP1-/- mutant mice. Our study demonstrates that the catalytically inactive mutant of PARP1 causes the developmental block, plausibly involving PARP2 trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kamaletdinova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Mara Sannai
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Paulius Grigaravičius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wenli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zahra Fanaei-Kahrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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8
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Hiroki H, Ishii Y, Piao J, Namikawa Y, Masutani M, Honda H, Akahane K, Inukai T, Morio T, Takagi M. Targeting Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase in BCR/ABL1-positive cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7588. [PMID: 37165001 PMCID: PMC10172294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL1 causes dysregulated cell proliferation and is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph1-ALL). In addition to the deregulatory effects of its kinase activity on cell proliferation, BCR/ABL1 induces genomic instability by downregulating BRCA1. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) effectively induce cell death in BRCA-defective cells. Therefore, PARPi are expected to inhibit growth of CML and Ph1-ALL cells showing downregulated expression of BRCA1. Here, we show that PARPi effectively induced cell death in BCR/ABL1 positive cells and suppressed colony forming activity. Prevention of BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis by PARP inhibition was tested in two in vivo models: wild-type mice that had undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation with BCR/ABL1-transduced cells, and a genetic model constructed by crossing Parp1 knockout mice with BCR/ABL1 transgenic mice. The results showed that a PARPi, olaparib, attenuates BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis. One possible mechanism underlying PARPi-dependent inhibition of leukemogenesis is increased interferon signaling via activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. This is compatible with the use of interferon as a first-line therapy for CML. Because tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy does not completely eradicate leukemic cells in all patients, combined use of PARPi and a TKI is an attractive option that may eradicate CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yui Namikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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9
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Ai D, Wu J, Cai H, Zhao D, Chen Y, Wei J, Xu J, Zhang J, Wang L. A multi-task FP-GNN framework enables accurate prediction of selective PARP inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971369. [PMID: 36304149 PMCID: PMC9592829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) family is a crucial DNA repair enzyme that responds to DNA damage, regulates apoptosis, and maintains genome stability; therefore, PARP inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various human diseases including COVID-19. In this study, a multi-task FP-GNN (Fingerprint and Graph Neural Networks) deep learning framework was proposed to predict the inhibitory activity of molecules against four PARP isoforms (PARP-1, PARP-2, PARP-5A, and PARP-5B). Compared with baseline predictive models based on four conventional machine learning methods such as RF, SVM, XGBoost, and LR as well as six deep learning algorithms such as DNN, Attentive FP, MPNN, GAT, GCN, and D-MPNN, the evaluation results indicate that the multi-task FP-GNN method achieves the best performance with the highest average BA, F1, and AUC values of 0.753 ± 0.033, 0.910 ± 0.045, and 0.888 ± 0.016 for the test set. In addition, Y-scrambling testing successfully verified that the model was not results of chance correlation. More importantly, the interpretability of the multi-task FP-GNN model enabled the identification of key structural fragments associated with the inhibition of each PARP isoform. To facilitate the use of the multi-task FP-GNN model in the field, an online webserver called PARPi-Predict and its local version software were created to predict whether compounds bear potential inhibitory activity against PARPs, thereby contributing to design and discover better selective PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqiao Ai
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxuan Cai
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duancheng Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ahmad AA, Draves SO, Rosca M. Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112945. [PMID: 34831168 PMCID: PMC8616075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial and involves activation of multiple signaling pathways with merging outcomes including thickening of the basement membrane, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The glomerulo-tubular balance and tubule-glomerular feedback support an increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, with the latter relying heavily on ATP and increasing the energy demand. There is evidence that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in kidney cells lead to these pathologic changes and contribute to the progression of DKD towards ESRD. This review will focus on the dialogue between alterations in bioenergetics in glomerular and tubular cells and its role in the development of DKD. Alterations in energy substrate selection, electron transport chain, ATP generation, oxidative stress, redox status, protein posttranslational modifications, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control will be discussed. Understanding the role of bioenergetics in the progression of diabetic DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to ESRD.
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11
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Wu Y, Li M, Yang M. Post-Translational Modifications in Oocyte Maturation and Embryo Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645318. [PMID: 34150752 PMCID: PMC8206635 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte maturation and embryo development are unique biological processes regulated by various modifications. Since de novo mRNA transcription is absent during oocyte meiosis, protein-level regulation, especially post-translational modification (PTM), is crucial. It is known that PTM plays key roles in diverse cellular events such as DNA damage response, chromosome condensation, and cytoskeletal organization during oocyte maturation and embryo development. However, most previous reviews on PTM in oocytes and embryos have only focused on studies of Xenopus laevis or Caenorhabditis elegans eggs. In this review, we will discuss the latest discoveries regarding PTM in mammalian oocytes maturation and embryo development, focusing on phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). Phosphorylation functions in chromosome condensation and spindle alignment by regulating histone H3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and some other pathways during mammalian oocyte maturation. Ubiquitination is a three-step enzymatic cascade that facilitates the degradation of proteins, and numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in modifying substrates and thus regulating oocyte maturation, oocyte-sperm binding, and early embryo development. Through the reversible addition and removal of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) on lysine residues, SUMOylation affects the cell cycle and DNA damage response in oocytes. As an emerging PTM, PARlation has been shown to not only participate in DNA damage repair, but also mediate asymmetric division of oocyte meiosis. Each of these PTMs and external environments is versatile and contributes to distinct phases during oocyte maturation and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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13
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van Beek L, McClay É, Patel S, Schimpl M, Spagnolo L, Maia de Oliveira T. PARP Power: A Structural Perspective on PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 in DNA Damage Repair and Nucleosome Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105112. [PMID: 34066057 PMCID: PMC8150716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) 1-3 are well-known multi-domain enzymes, catalysing the covalent modification of proteins, DNA, and themselves. They attach mono- or poly-ADP-ribose to targets using NAD+ as a substrate. Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is central to the important functions of PARP enzymes in the DNA damage response and nucleosome remodelling. Activation of PARP happens through DNA binding via zinc fingers and/or the WGR domain. Modulation of their activity using PARP inhibitors occupying the NAD+ binding site has proven successful in cancer therapies. For decades, studies set out to elucidate their full-length molecular structure and activation mechanism. In the last five years, significant advances have progressed the structural and functional understanding of PARP1-3, such as understanding allosteric activation via inter-domain contacts, how PARP senses damaged DNA in the crowded nucleus, and the complementary role of histone PARylation factor 1 in modulating the active site of PARP. Here, we review these advances together with the versatility of PARP domains involved in DNA binding, the targets and shape of PARylation and the role of PARPs in nucleosome remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Beek
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Éilís McClay
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QQ, UK;
| | - Saleha Patel
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK;
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Spagnolo
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.M.d.O.)
| | - Taiana Maia de Oliveira
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.M.d.O.)
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14
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Role of PGC-1α in the Mitochondrial NAD + Pool in Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094558. [PMID: 33925372 PMCID: PMC8123861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital roles, including ATP generation, regulation of cellular metabolism, and cell survival. Mitochondria contain the majority of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which an essential cofactor that regulates metabolic function. A decrease in both mitochondria biogenesis and NAD+ is a characteristic of metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) orchestrates mitochondrial biogenesis and is involved in mitochondrial NAD+ pool. Here we discuss how PGC-1α is involved in the NAD+ synthesis pathway and metabolism, as well as the strategy for increasing the NAD+ pool in the metabolic disease state.
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15
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Masutani M, Nakagama H. Takashi Sugimura (1926-2020). DNA Repair (Amst) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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OKAMOTO H, TAKASAWA S. Okamoto model for necrosis and its expansions, CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system for intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and Reg (Regenerating gene protein)-Reg receptor system for cell regeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:423-461. [PMID: 34629354 PMCID: PMC8553518 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic islet cell culture models and animal models, we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, caused DNA strand breaks, which in turn activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase/synthetase (PARP) to deplete NAD+, thereby inhibiting islet β-cell functions such as proinsulin synthesis and ultimately leading to β-cell necrosis. Radical scavengers protected against the formation of DNA strand breaks and inhibition of proinsulin synthesis. Inhibitors of PARP prevented the NAD+ depletion, inhibition of proinsulin synthesis and β-cell death. These findings led to the proposed unifying concept for β-cell damage and its prevention (the Okamoto model). The model met one proof with PARP knockout animals and was further extended by the discovery of cyclic ADP-ribose as the second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in glucose-induced insulin secretion and by the identification of Reg (Regenerating gene) for β-cell regeneration. Physiological and pathological events found in pancreatic β-cells have been observed in other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKAMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin TAKASAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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17
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Diabetic Retinopathy: The Role of Mitochondria in the Neural Retina and Microvascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100905. [PMID: 32977483 PMCID: PMC7598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population, is clinically defined as a microvascular disease that involves damage of the retinal capillaries with secondary visual impairment. While its clinical diagnosis is based on vascular pathology, DR is associated with early abnormalities in the electroretinogram, indicating alterations of the neural retina and impaired visual signaling. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and likely involves the simultaneous dysregulation of multiple metabolic and signaling pathways through the retinal neurovascular unit. There is evidence that microvascular disease in DR is caused in part by altered energetic metabolism in the neural retina and specifically from signals originating in the photoreceptors. In this review, we discuss the main pathogenic mechanisms that link alterations in neural retina bioenergetics with vascular regression in DR. We focus specifically on the recent developments related to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism including energetic substrate selection, mitochondrial function, oxidation-reduction (redox) imbalance, and oxidative stress, and critically discuss the mechanisms of these changes and their consequences on retinal function. We also acknowledge implications for emerging therapeutic approaches and future research directions to find novel mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies to correct bioenergetics in diabetes. We conclude that retinal bioenergetics is affected in the early stages of diabetes with consequences beyond changes in ATP content, and that maintaining mitochondrial integrity may alleviate retinal disease.
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18
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Curtin NJ, Szabo C. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition: past, present and future. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:711-736. [PMID: 32884152 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and the major enzyme that catalyses this reaction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), were discovered more than 50 years ago. Since then, advances in our understanding of the roles of PARP1 in cellular processes such as DNA repair, gene transcription and cell death have allowed the investigation of therapeutic PARP inhibition for a variety of diseases - particularly cancers in which defects in DNA repair pathways make tumour cells highly sensitive to the inhibition of PARP activity. Efforts to identify and evaluate potent PARP inhibitors have so far led to the regulatory approval of four PARP inhibitors for the treatment of several types of cancer, and PARP inhibitors have also shown therapeutic potential in treating non-oncological diseases. This Review provides a timeline of PARP biology and medicinal chemistry, summarizes the pathophysiological processes in which PARP plays a role and highlights key opportunities and challenges in the field, such as counteracting PARP inhibitor resistance during cancer therapy and repurposing PARP inhibitors for the treatment of non-oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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19
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The Development of Rucaparib/Rubraca®: A Story of the Synergy Between Science and Serendipity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030564. [PMID: 32121331 PMCID: PMC7139537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, Rubraca®, was given its first accelerated approval for BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer by the FDA at the end of 2016, and further approval by the FDA, EMA and NICE followed. Scientists at Newcastle University initiated the early stages, and several collaborations with scientists in academia and the pharmaceutical industry enabled its final development to the approval stage. Although originally considered as a chemo- or radiosensitiser, its current application is as a single agent exploiting tumour-specific defects in DNA repair. As well as involving intellectual and physical effort, there have been a series of fortuitous occurrences and coincidences of timing that ensured its success. This review describes the history of the relationship between science and serendipity that brought us to the current position.
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20
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Kim DV, Makarova AV, Miftakhova RR, Zharkov DO. Base Excision DNA Repair Deficient Cells: From Disease Models to Genotoxicity Sensors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:298-312. [PMID: 31198112 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Base excision DNA repair (BER) is a vitally important pathway that protects the cell genome from many kinds of DNA damage, including oxidation, deamination, and hydrolysis. It involves several tightly coordinated steps, starting from damaged base excision and followed by nicking one DNA strand, incorporating an undamaged nucleotide, and DNA ligation. Deficiencies in BER are often embryonic lethal or cause morbid diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, or severe immune pathologies. Starting from the early 1980s, when the first mammalian cell lines lacking BER were produced by spontaneous mutagenesis, such lines have become a treasure trove of valuable information about the mechanisms of BER, often revealing unexpected connections with other cellular processes, such as antibody maturation or epigenetic demethylation. In addition, these cell lines have found an increasing use in genotoxicity testing, where they provide increased sensitivity and representativity to cell-based assay panels. In this review, we outline current knowledge about BER-deficient cell lines and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Kim
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevsakaya St., Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fu ndamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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21
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The Enigmatic Function of PARP1: From PARylation Activity to PAR Readers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121625. [PMID: 31842403 PMCID: PMC6953017 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, also known as ARTDs) and then rapidly removed by degrading enzymes. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is produced from PARylation and provides a delicate and spatiotemporal interaction scaffold for numerous target proteins. The PARylation system, consisting of PAR synthesizers and erasers and PAR itself and readers, plays diverse roles in the DNA damage response (DDR), DNA repair, transcription, replication, chromatin remodeling, metabolism, and cell death. Despite great efforts by scientists in biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and pharmacology over the last five decades, the biology of PARPs and PARylation remains enigmatic. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological function of PARP1 (ARTD1), the founding member of the PARP family, focusing on the inter-dependent or -independent nature of different functional domains of the PARP1 protein. We also discuss the readers of PAR, whose function may transduce signals and coordinate the cellular processes, which has recently emerged as a new research avenue for PARP biology. We aim to provide some perspective on how future research might disentangle the biology of PARylation by dissecting the structural and functional relationship of PARP1, a major effector of the PARPs family.
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22
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Chen L, Gunji A, Uemura A, Fujihara H, Nakamoto K, Onodera T, Sasaki Y, Imamichi S, Isumi M, Nozaki T, Kamada N, Jishage KI, Masutani M. Development of renal failure in PargParp-1 null and Timm23 hypomorphic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Luo Z, Soläng C, Mejia‐Cordova M, Thorvaldson L, Blixt M, Sandler S, Singh K. Kinetics of immune cell responses in the multiple low-dose streptozotocin mouse model of type 1 diabetes. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:538-549. [PMID: 32123849 PMCID: PMC6996374 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the insulin-producing β cells are destructed by immune mechanisms. It has been hypothesized that the very first immune response in T1D onset comes from innate immune cells, which further activates the adaptive immune cells to attack the islets. Despite intensive research on characterization of islet-infiltrating immune cells, the kinetics of different immune cells in multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLDSTZ)-induced T1D mouse model is still much unclear. Therefore, we investigated the proportions of innate immune cells such as neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) in thymi, pancreatic-draining lymph nodes, and spleens of MLDSTZ mice on days 3, 7, 10, and 21 after the first injection of STZ by flow cytometry. The proportions of DCs and B cells were increased from day 3, while the proportions of B-1a lymphocytes and interferon-γ+ cells among NK cells were increased, but NK cells were decreased on day 10 in MLDSTZ-treated mice, illustrating that the initial immune response is induced by DCs and B cells. Later, the proportions of T helper 1 and cytotoxic T cells were increased from day 7, suggesting that the innate immune cells precede adaptive immune cell response in MLDSTZ mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate a possible sequence of events regarding the involvement of DCs, pDCs, NK cells, B-1a lymphocytes, B, and T cells at the early stage of T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Charlotte Soläng
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Lina Thorvaldson
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Martin Blixt
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Stellan Sandler
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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24
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Song J, Yang X, Yan LJ. Role of pseudohypoxia in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. HYPOXIA 2019; 7:33-40. [PMID: 31240235 PMCID: PMC6560198 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s202775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by persistent high blood glucose, which is known as diabetic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemic situation, when not controlled, can overproduce NADH and lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), thereby creating NADH/NAD redox imbalance and leading to cellular pseudohypoxia. In this review, we discussed two major enzymatic systems that are activated by diabetic hyperglycemia and are involved in creation of this pseudohypoxic condition. One system is aldose reductase in the polyol pathway, and the other is poly (ADP ribose) polymerase. While aldose reductase drives overproduction of NADH, PARP could in contrast deplete NAD. Therefore, activation of the two pathways underlies the major mechanisms of NADH/NAD redox imbalance and diabetic pseudohypoxia. Consequently, reductive stress occurs, followed by oxidative stress and eventual cell death and tissue dysfunction. Additionally, fructose formed in the polyol pathway can also cause metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, pseudohypoxia can also lower sirtuin protein contents and induce protein acetylation which can impair protein function. Finally, we discussed the possibility of using nicotinamide riboside, an NAD precursor, as a promising therapeutic agent for restoring NADH/NAD redox balance and for preventing the occurrence of diabetic pseudohypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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25
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Keuss MJ, Hjerpe R, Hsia O, Gourlay R, Burchmore R, Trost M, Kurz T. Unanchored tri-NEDD8 inhibits PARP-1 to protect from oxidative stress-induced cell death. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100024. [PMID: 30804002 PMCID: PMC6418418 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NEDD8 is a ubiquitin‐like protein that activates cullin‐RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Here, we identify a novel role for NEDD8 in regulating the activity of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) in response to oxidative stress. We show that treatment of cells with H2O2 results in the accumulation of NEDD8 chains, likely by directly inhibiting the deneddylase NEDP1. One chain type, an unanchored NEDD8 trimer, specifically bound to the second zinc finger domain of PARP‐1 and attenuated its activation. In cells in which Nedp1 is deleted, large amounts of tri‐NEDD8 constitutively form, resulting in inhibition of PARP‐1 and protection from PARP‐1‐dependent cell death. Surprisingly, these NEDD8 trimers are additionally acetylated, as shown by mass spectrometry analysis, and their binding to PARP‐1 is reduced by the overexpression of histone de‐acetylases, which rescues PARP‐1 activation. Our data suggest that trimeric, acetylated NEDD8 attenuates PARP‐1 activation after oxidative stress, likely to delay the initiation of PARP‐1‐dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Keuss
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roland Hjerpe
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver Hsia
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Zhang M, Ying W. NAD + Deficiency Is a Common Central Pathological Factor of a Number of Diseases and Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:890-905. [PMID: 29295624 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated critical roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form (NAD+) in various biological functions. NAD+ deficiency has been found in models of a number of diseases such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, and diabetes, and in models of aging. Applications of NAD+ or other approaches that can restore NAD+ levels are highly protective in these models of diseases and aging. NAD+ produces its beneficial effects by targeting at multiple pathological pathways, including attenuating mitochondrial alterations, DNA damage, and oxidative stress, by modulating such enzymes as sirtuins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and AP endonuclease. These findings have suggested great therapeutic and nutritional potential of NAD+ for diseases and senescence. Recent Advances: Approaches that can restore NAD+ levels are highly protective in the models of such diseases as glaucoma. The NAD+ deficiency in the diseases and aging results from not only poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation but also decreased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) activity and increased CD38 activity. Significant biological effects of extracellular NAD+ have been found. Increasing evidence has suggested that NAD+ deficiency is a common central pathological factor in a number of diseases and aging. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Future studies are required for solidly establishing the concept that "NAD+ deficiency is a common central pathological factor in a number of disease and aging." It is also necessary to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the NAD+ deficiency in the diseases and aging. Preclinical and clinical studies should be conducted to determine the therapeutic potential of NAD+ for the diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- 1 Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- 1 Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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Tapodi A, Bognar Z, Szabo C, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Hocsak E. PARP inhibition induces Akt-mediated cytoprotective effects through the formation of a mitochondria-targeted phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:98-108. [PMID: 30296409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytoprotective effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition is well documented in various cell types subjected to oxidative stress. Previously, we have demonstrated that PARP1 inhibition activates Akt, and showed that this response plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and in cell survival. However, it has not yet been defined how nuclear PARP1 signals to cytoplasmic Akt. METHODS WRL 68, HeLa and MCF7 cells were grown in culture. Oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide. PARP was inhibited with the PARP inhibitor PJ34. ATM, mTOR- and NEMO were silenced using specific siRNAs. Cell viability assays were based on the MTT assay. PARP-ATM pulldown experiments were conducted; each protein was visualized by Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation of ATM, phospho-ATM and NEMO was performed from cytoplasmic and mitochondrial cell fractions and proteins were detected by Western blotting. In some experiments, a continually active Akt construct was introduced. Nuclear to cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translocation of phospho-Akt was visualized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Here we present evidence for a PARP1 mediated, PARylation-dependent interaction between ATM and NEMO, which is responsible for the cytoplasmic transport of phosphorylated (thus, activated) ATM kinase. In turn, the cytoplasmic p-ATM and NEMO forms complex with mTOR and Akt, yielding the phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome, which is responsible for the PARP-inhibition induced Akt activation. The phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome localizes to the mitochondria and is essential for the PARP-inhibition-mediated cytoprotective effects in oxidatively stressed cells. When the formation of the signalosome is prevented, the cytoprotective effects diminish, but cells can be rescued by constantly active Akt1, further confirming the critical role of Akt activation in cytoprotection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data presented in the current paper are consistent with the hypothesis that PARP inhibition suppresses the PARylation of ATM, which, in turn, forms an ATM-NEMO complex, which exits the nucleus, and combines in the cytosol with mTOR and Act, resulting in Act phosphorylation (i.e. activation), which, in turn, produces the cytoprotective action via the induction of Akt-mediated survival pathways. This mechanism can be important in the protective effect of PARP inhibitor in various diseases associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, disruption of the formation or action of the phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome may offer potential future experimental therapeutic checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Verma DK, Gupta S, Biswas J, Joshi N, Singh A, Gupta P, Tiwari S, Sivarama Raju K, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Singh S. New therapeutic activity of metabolic enhancer piracetam in treatment of neurodegenerative disease: Participation of caspase independent death factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2078-2096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cseh AM, Fábián Z, Sümegi B, Scorrano L. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50221-50239. [PMID: 28430591 PMCID: PMC5564845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are a family of DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide to a variety of target proteins. Although they have been considered as resident nuclear elements of the DNA repair machinery, recent works revealed a more intricate physiologic role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with numerous extranuclear activities. Indeed, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases participate in fundamental cellular processes like chromatin remodelling, transcription or regulation of the cell-cycle. These new insight into the physiologic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases widens the range of human pathologies in which pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes might have a therapeutic potential. Here, we overview our current knowledge on extranuclear functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ones and discuss potential fields of future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mária Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Fábián
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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31
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Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30% glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. AR reduces glucose to sorbitol at the expense of NADPH, while sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose at the expense of NAD+, leading to NADH production. Consumption of NADPH, accumulation of sorbitol, and generation of fructose and NADH have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In this review, the roles of this pathway in NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance stress and oxidative stress in diabetes are highlighted. A potential intervention using nicotinamide riboside to restore redox balance as an approach to fighting diabetes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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32
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Congenic mapping and candidate gene analysis for streptozotocin-induced diabetes susceptibility locus on mouse chromosome 11. Mamm Genome 2018. [PMID: 29523950 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been widely used to induce diabetes in rodents. Strain-dependent variation in susceptibility to STZ has been reported; however, the gene(s) responsible for STZ susceptibility has not been identified. Here, we utilized the A/J-11SM consomic strain and a set of chromosome 11 (Chr. 11) congenic strains developed from A/J-11SM to identify a candidate STZ-induced diabetes susceptibility gene. The A/J strain exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to STZ-induced diabetes than the A/J-11SM strain, confirming the existence of a susceptibility locus on Chr. 11. We named this locus Stzds1 (STZ-induced diabetes susceptibility 1). Congenic mapping using the Chr. 11 congenic strains indicated that the Stzds1 locus was located between D11Mit163 (27.72 Mb) and D11Mit51 (36.39 Mb). The Mpg gene, which encodes N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme responsible for the removal of alkylated base lesions in DNA, is located within the Stzds1 region. There is a close relationship between DNA alkylation at an early stage of STZ action and the function of MPG. A Sanger sequence analysis of the Mpg gene revealed five polymorphic sites in the A/J genome. One variant, p.Ala132Ser, was located in a highly conserved region among rodent species and in the minimal region for retained enzyme activity of MPG. It is likely that structural alteration of MPG caused by the p.Ala132Ser mutation elicits increased recognition and excision of alkylated base lesions in DNA by STZ.
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33
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Mohammadzadeh F, Tsoporis JN, Izhar S, Desjardins JF, Parker TG. Deficiency of S100B confers resistance to experimental diabetes in mice. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:129-137. [PMID: 29499206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The calcium binding protein S100B has been implicated in diabetic neuronal and vascular complications but has not been examined in the development of diabetes. S100B knock out (S100B KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with 40 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 days. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were obtained to examine islet structure and function, the profile of glucose and insulin and expression of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), S100B and its receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Primary islet β-cells cultures from WT mice were used to test the apoptotic potential of S100B. S100B KO mice were resistant to STZ induced-diabetes with lower urine volume, food and water intake compared to WT mice. S100B increased in the WT islet following diabetes but did not co-localize with beta or peri-islet Schwann cells but with CD3 + T lymphocytes. S100B KO mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, prevented β-cell destruction and functional impairment in response to STZ treatment. S100B deficiency was associated with decreased Glut2 and RAGE. In primary β-cell cultures from WT mice, S100B induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RAGE-dependent apoptosis. In the STZ diabetic animal model, abrogation of S100B enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces pancreatic islet, and β-cell destruction. S100B may be a promising target for pharmacological interventions aimed at repressing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mohammadzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shehla Izhar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Desjardins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Crawford K, Bonfiglio JJ, Mikoč A, Matic I, Ahel I. Specificity of reversible ADP-ribosylation and regulation of cellular processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:64-82. [PMID: 29098880 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring rapid adaptation is the addition or removal of reversible modifications of different chemical groups onto macromolecules which in turn induce the appropriate downstream outcome. ADP-ribosylation, the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) groups, represents one of these highly conserved signaling chemicals. Herein we outline the writers, erasers and readers of ADP-ribosylation and dip into the multitude of cellular processes they have been implicated in. We also review what we currently know on how specificity of activity is ensured for this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryanne Crawford
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Andreja Mikoč
- c Division of Molecular Biology , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivan Matic
- b Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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35
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pyridine dinucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), were discovered more than 100 years ago as necessary cofactors for fermentation in yeast extracts. Since that time, these molecules have been recognized as fundamental players in a variety of cellular processes, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene transcription, among many others. Given their critical role as mediators of cellular responses to metabolic perturbations, it is unsurprising that dysregulation of NAD and NADP metabolism has been associated with the pathobiology of many chronic human diseases. Recent Advances: A biochemistry renaissance in biomedical research, with its increasing focus on the metabolic pathobiology of human disease, has reignited interest in pyridine dinucleotides, which has led to new insights into the cell biology of NAD(P) metabolism, including its cellular pharmacokinetics, biosynthesis, subcellular localization, and regulation. This review highlights these advances to illustrate the importance of NAD(P) metabolism in the molecular pathogenesis of disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Perturbations of NAD(H) and NADP(H) are a prominent feature of human disease; however, fundamental questions regarding the regulation of the absolute levels of these cofactors and the key determinants of their redox ratios remain. Moreover, an integrated topological model of NAD(P) biology that combines the metabolic and other roles remains elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As the complex regulatory network of NAD(P) metabolism becomes illuminated, sophisticated new approaches to manipulating these pathways in specific organs, cells, or organelles will be developed to target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease, opening doors for the next generation of redox-based, metabolism-targeted therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 180-212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William M Oldham
- 2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Siniscalco D, Trotta MC, Brigida AL, Maisto R, Luongo M, Ferraraccio F, D'Amico M, Di Filippo C. Intraperitoneal Administration of Oxygen/Ozone to Rats Reduces the Pancreatic Damage Induced by Streptozotocin. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7010010. [PMID: 29324687 PMCID: PMC5872036 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic damage was used to examine whether a systemic oxygen/ozone mixture could be beneficial for the pancreas by reducing the machinery of the local detrimental mediators released by STZ. Results: The results showed that oxygen/ozone administration (150 µg/Kg i.p.) for ten days in STZ rats increased the endogenous glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the pancreatic tissue, together with reduction of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and PARP-1 compared to STZ rats receiving O₂ only. Interestingly, these changes resulted in higher levels of serum insulin and leptin, and pancreatic glucagon immunostaining. Consequently, glucose metabolism improved as evidenced by the monitoring of glycemia throughout. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that systemic administration of oxygen/ozone reduces the machinery of detrimental mediators released by STZ into the pancreas with less local damage and better functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Lisa Brigida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Luongo
- "Maria Guarino" Foundation-AMOR No Profit Association, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Department of Physical and Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Clara Di Filippo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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37
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Gvazava IG, Rogovaya OS, Borisov MA, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Rodent Experimental Models. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:24-33. [PMID: 29713516 PMCID: PMC5916731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its severe complications is on the rise. The study of the pathogenesis of the onset and the progression of complications related to the disease, as well as the search for new therapeutic agents and methods of treatment, remains relevant. Experimental models are extremely important in the study of diabetes. This survey contains a synthesis of the most commonly used experimental animal models described in scientific literature. The mechanisms of the streptozotocin model are also analyzed and discussed, as it is considered as the most adequate and easily reproducible diabetes model. A review of the significant advantages and disadvantages of the described models has also been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. G. Gvazava
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - O. S. Rogovaya
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - M. A. Borisov
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E. A. Vorotelyak
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1–9, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskiye Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234 , Russia
| | - A. V. Vasiliev
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskiye Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234 , Russia
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38
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Schuhwerk H, Bruhn C, Siniuk K, Min W, Erener S, Grigaravicius P, Krüger A, Ferrari E, Zubel T, Lazaro D, Monajembashi S, Kiesow K, Kroll T, Bürkle A, Mangerich A, Hottiger M, Wang ZQ. Kinetics of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but not PARP1 itself, determines the cell fate in response to DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11174-11192. [PMID: 28977496 PMCID: PMC5737718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fastest cellular responses to genotoxic stress is the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers (PAR) by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1, or ARTD1). PARP1 and its enzymatic product PAR regulate diverse biological processes, such as DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription and cell death. However, the inter-dependent function of the PARP1 protein and its enzymatic activity clouds the mechanism underlying the biological response. We generated a PARP1 knock-in mouse model carrying a point mutation in the catalytic domain of PARP1 (D993A), which impairs the kinetics of the PARP1 activity and the PAR chain complexity in vitro and in vivo, designated as hypo-PARylation. PARP1D993A/D993A mice and cells are viable and show no obvious abnormalities. Despite a mild defect in base excision repair (BER), this hypo-PARylation compromises the DNA damage response during DNA replication, leading to cell death or senescence. Strikingly, PARP1D993A/D993A mice are hypersensitive to alkylation in vivo, phenocopying the phenotype of PARP1 knockout mice. Our study thus unravels a novel regulatory mechanism, which could not be revealed by classical loss-of-function studies, on how PAR homeostasis, but not the PARP1 protein, protects cells and organisms from acute DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wookee Min
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Suheda Erener
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Grigaravicius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Krüger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Zubel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Lazaro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Shamci Monajembashi
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Kiesow
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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39
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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40
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Sultani G, Samsudeen AF, Osborne B, Turner N. NAD + : A key metabolic regulator with great therapeutic potential. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28718934 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is a ubiquitous metabolite that serves an essential role in the catabolism of nutrients. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in NAD+ biology, with the recognition that NAD+ influences many biological processes beyond metabolism, including transcription, signalling and cell survival. There are a multitude of pathways involved in the synthesis and breakdown of NAD+ , and alterations in NAD+ homeostasis have emerged as a common feature of a range of disease states. Here, we provide an overview of NAD+ metabolism and summarise progress on the development of NAD+ -related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sultani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - A F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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41
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Wu J, Luo X, Thangthaeng N, Sumien N, Chen Z, Rutledge MA, Jing S, Forster MJ, Yan LJ. Pancreatic mitochondrial complex I exhibits aberrant hyperactivity in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:119-129. [PMID: 28868496 PMCID: PMC5580358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that NADH/NAD+ redox balance is heavily perturbed in diabetes, and the NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance is a major source of oxidative stress in diabetic tissues. In mitochondria, complex I is the only site for NADH oxidation and NAD+ regeneration and is also a major site for production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Yet how complex I responds to the NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and any potential consequences of such response in diabetic pancreas have not been investigated. We report here that pancreatic mitochondrial complex I showed aberrant hyperactivity in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Further studies focusing on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes indicate that complex I hyperactivity could be attenuated by metformin. Moreover, complex I hyperactivity was accompanied by increased activities of complexes II to IV, but not complex V, suggesting that overflow of NADH via complex I in diabetes could be diverted to ROS production. Indeed in diabetic pancreas, ROS production and oxidative stress increased and mitochondrial ATP production decreased, which can be attributed to impaired pancreatic mitochondrial membrane potential that is responsible for increased cell death. Additionally, cellular defense systems such as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sirtuin 3, and NQO1 were found to be compromised in diabetic pancreas. Our findings point to the direction that complex I aberrant hyperactivity in pancreas could be a major source of oxidative stress and β cell failure in diabetes. Therefore, inhibiting pancreatic complex I hyperactivity and attenuating its ROS production by various means in diabetes might serve as a promising approach for anti-diabetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Nopporn Thangthaeng
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Margaret A. Rutledge
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Siqun Jing
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Michael J. Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
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42
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Liu C, Vyas A, Kassab MA, Singh AK, Yu X. The role of poly ADP-ribosylation in the first wave of DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8129-8141. [PMID: 28854736 PMCID: PMC5737498 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze massive protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) within seconds after the induction of DNA single- or double-strand breaks. PARylation occurs at or near the sites of DNA damage and promotes the recruitment of DNA repair factors via their poly ADP-ribose (PAR) binding domains. Several novel PAR-binding domains have been recently identified. Here, we summarize these and other recent findings suggesting that PARylation may be the critical event that mediates the first wave of the DNA damage response. We also discuss the potential for functional crosstalk with other DNA damage-induced post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Aditi Vyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Muzaffer A. Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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43
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Hanzlikova H, Gittens W, Krejcikova K, Zeng Z, Caldecott KW. Overlapping roles for PARP1 and PARP2 in the recruitment of endogenous XRCC1 and PNKP into oxidized chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2546-2557. [PMID: 27965414 PMCID: PMC5389470 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical step of DNA single-strand break repair is the rapid recruitment of the scaffold protein XRCC1 that interacts with, stabilizes and stimulates multiple enzymatic components of the repair process. XRCC1 recruitment is promoted by PARP1, an enzyme that is activated following DNA damage and synthesizes ADP-ribose polymers that XRCC1 binds directly. However, cells possess two other DNA strand break-induced PARP enzymes, PARP2 and PARP3, for which the roles are unclear. To address their involvement in the recruitment of endogenous XRCC1 into oxidized chromatin we have established ‘isogenic’ human diploid cells in which PARP1 and/or PARP2, or PARP3 are deleted. Surprisingly, we show that either PARP1 or PARP2 are sufficient for near-normal XRCC1 recruitment at oxidative single-strand breaks (SSBs) as indicated by the requirement for loss of both proteins to greatly reduce or ablate XRCC1 chromatin binding following H2O2 treatment. Similar results were observed for PNKP; an XRCC1 protein partner important for repair of oxidative SSBs. Notably, concentrations of PARP inhibitor >1000-fold higher than the IC50 were required to ablate both ADP-ribosylation and XRCC1 chromatin binding following H2O2 treatment. These results demonstrate that very low levels of ADP-ribosylation, synthesized by either PARP1 or PARP2, are sufficient for XRCC1 recruitment following oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hanzlikova
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - William Gittens
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Katerina Krejcikova
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | | | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
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44
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From insulin synthesis to secretion: Alternative splicing of type 2 ryanodine receptor gene is essential for insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:176-183. [PMID: 28736243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in pancreatic islets, resulting from the Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular source through the ryanodine receptor, are essential for insulin secretion by glucose. Cyclic ADP-ribose, a potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger synthesized from NAD+ by CD38, regulates the opening of ryanodine receptor. A novel ryanodine receptor mRNA (the islet-type ryanodine receptor) was found to be generated from the type 2 ryanodine receptor gene by the alternative splicing of exons 4 and 75. The islet-type ryanodine receptor mRNA is expressed in a variety of tissues such as pancreatic islets, cerebrum, cerebellum, and other neuro-endocrine cells, whereas the authentic type 2 ryanodine receptor mRNA (the heart-type ryanodine receptor) was found to be generated using GG/AG splicing of intron 75 and is expressed in the heart and the blood vessel. The islet-type ryanodine receptor caused a greater increase in the Ca2+ release by caffeine when expressed in HEK293 cells pre-treated with cyclic ADP-ribose, suggesting that the novel ryanodine receptor is an intracellular target for the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system in mammalian cells and that the tissue-specific alternative splicing of type 2 ryanodine receptor mRNA plays an important role in the functioning of the cyclic ADP-ribose-sensitive Ca2+ release.
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45
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Zhu X, Li D, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Li W, Zhao J, Xing X, He Z, Wang S, Wang F, Ma L, Bai Q, Zeng X, Li J, Gao C, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Chen W. Persistent phosphorylation at specific H3 serine residues involved in chemical carcinogen-induced cell transformation. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1449-1460. [PMID: 27996159 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identification of aberrant histone H3 phosphorylation during chemical carcinogenesis will lead to a better understanding of the substantial roles of histone modifications in cancer development. To explore whether aberrant H3 phosphorylation contributes to chemical carcinogenesis, we examined the dynamic changes of H3 phosphorylation at various residues in chemical carcinogen-induced transformed human cells and human cancers. We found that histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 (p-H3S10) and Ser28 (p-H3S28) was upregulated by 1.5-4.8 folds and 2.1-4.3 folds, respectively in aflatoxin B1 -transformed hepatocytes L02 cells (L02RT-AFB1 ), benzo(a)pyrene-transformed HBE cells (HBERT-BaP), and coke oven emissions-transformed HBE cells (HBERT-COE). The ectopic expression of histone H3 mutant (H3S10A or H3S28A) in L02 cells led to the suppression of an anchorage-independent cell growth as well as tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. In addition, an enhanced p-H3S10 was found in 70.6% (24/34) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 70.0% (21/30) of primary lung cancer, respectively. Notably, we found that expression of H3 carrying a mutant H3S10A or H3S28A conferred to cells the ability to maintain a denser chromatin and resistance to induction of DNA damage and carcinogen-induced cell transformation. Particularly, we showed that introduction of a mutant H3S10A abolished the bindings of p-H3S10 to the promoter of DNA repair genes, PARP1 and MLH1 upon AFB1 treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that PP2A was responsible for dephosphorylation of p-H3S10. Taken together, these results reveal a key role of persistent H3S10 or H3S28 phosphorylation in chemical carcinogenesis through regulating gene transcription of DNA damage response (DDR) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhini He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangping Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Risk Assessment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Wu J, Jin Z, Yan LJ. Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung. Redox Biol 2016; 11:51-59. [PMID: 27888691 PMCID: PMC5124358 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the lung is one of the least studied organs in diabetes, increasing evidence indicates that it is an inevitable target of diabetic complications. Nevertheless, the underlying biochemical mechanisms of lung injury in diabetes remain largely unexplored. Given that redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in diabetic tissue injury, we set out to investigate mechanisms of lung injury in diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate NADH/NAD+ redox status, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung. Using STZ induced diabetes in rat as a model, we measured redox-imbalance related parameters including aldose reductase activity, level of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PAPR-1), NAD+ content, NADPH content, reduced form of glutathione (GSH), and glucose 6-phophate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. For assessment of mitochondrial abnormalities in the diabetic lung, we measured the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I to IV and complex V as well as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) content and activity. We also measured the protein content of NAD+ dependent enzymes such as sirtuin3 (sirt3) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Our results demonstrate that NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance occurs in the diabetic lung. This redox imbalance upregulates the activities of complexes I to IV, but not complex V; and this upregulation is likely the source of increased mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative stress, and cell death in the diabetic lung. These results, together with the findings that the protein contents of DLDH, sirt3, and NQO1 all are decreased in the diabetic lung, demonstrate that redox imbalance, mitochondrial abnormality, and oxidative stress contribute to lung injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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47
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Rank L, Veith S, Gwosch EC, Demgenski J, Ganz M, Jongmans MC, Vogel C, Fischbach A, Buerger S, Fischer JMF, Zubel T, Stier A, Renner C, Schmalz M, Beneke S, Groettrup M, Kuiper RP, Bürkle A, Ferrando-May E, Mangerich A. Analyzing structure-function relationships of artificial and cancer-associated PARP1 variants by reconstituting TALEN-generated HeLa PARP1 knock-out cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10386-10405. [PMID: 27694308 PMCID: PMC5137445 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic stress activates PARP1, resulting in the post-translational modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). We genetically deleted PARP1 in one of the most widely used human cell systems, i.e. HeLa cells, via TALEN-mediated gene targeting. After comprehensive characterization of these cells during genotoxic stress, we analyzed structure–function relationships of PARP1 by reconstituting PARP1 KO cells with a series of PARP1 variants. Firstly, we verified that the PARP1\E988K mutant exhibits mono-ADP-ribosylation activity and we demonstrate that the PARP1\L713F mutant is constitutively active in cells. Secondly, both mutants exhibit distinct recruitment kinetics to sites of laser-induced DNA damage, which can potentially be attributed to non-covalent PARP1–PAR interaction via several PAR binding motifs. Thirdly, both mutants had distinct functional consequences in cellular patho-physiology, i.e. PARP1\L713F expression triggered apoptosis, whereas PARP1\E988K reconstitution caused a DNA-damage-induced G2 arrest. Importantly, both effects could be rescued by PARP inhibitor treatment, indicating distinct cellular consequences of constitutive PARylation and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Finally, we demonstrate that the cancer-associated PARP1 SNP variant (V762A) as well as a newly identified inherited PARP1 mutation (F304L\V762A) present in a patient with pediatric colorectal carcinoma exhibit altered biochemical and cellular properties, thereby potentially supporting human carcinogenesis. Together, we establish a novel cellular model for PARylation research, by revealing strong structure–function relationships of natural and artificial PARP1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rank
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Veith
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group 1331, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eva C Gwosch
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Janine Demgenski
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Ganz
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherland
| | - Christopher Vogel
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arthur Fischbach
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Buerger
- FlowKon FACS Facility, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan M F Fischer
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tabea Zubel
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna Stier
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christina Renner
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Schmalz
- Center of Applied Photonics, Department of Physics, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Ecotoxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- FlowKon FACS Facility, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Immunology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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48
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Halmosi R, Deres L, Gal R, Eros K, Sumegi B, Toth K. PARP inhibition and postinfarction myocardial remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217 Suppl:S52-9. [PMID: 27392900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease accounts for the greatest proportion of cardiovascular diseases therefore it is the major cause of death worldwide. Its therapeutic importance is indicated by still high mortality of myocardial infarction, which is one of the most severe forms of CVDs. Moreover, the risk of developing heart failure is very high among survivors. Heart failure is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rate, therefore this topic is in the focus of researchers' interest. After a myocardial infarct, at first ventricular hypertrophy develops as a compensatory mechanism to decrease wall stress but finally leads to left ventricular dilation. This phenomenon is termed as myocardial remodeling. The main characteristics of underlying mechanisms involve cardiomyocyte growth, vessel changes and increased collagen production, in all of which several mechanical stress induced neurohumoral agents, oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways are involved. The long term activation of these processes ultimately leads to left ventricular dilation and heart failure with decreased systolic function. Oxidative stress causes DNA breaks producing the activation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzyme that leads to energy depletion and unfavorable modulation of different kinase cascades (Akt-1/GSK-3β, MAPKs, various PKC isoforms) and thus it promotes the development of heart failure. Therefore inhibition of PARP enzyme could offer a promising new therapeutical approach to prevent the onset of heart failure among postinfarction patients. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive summary about the most significant experimental results and mechanisms in postinfarction remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Halmosi
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Deres
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Roland Gal
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Eros
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE, Nuclear and Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE, Nuclear and Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary.
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49
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Grieb P. Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injections as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: in Search of a Relevant Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:1741-1752. [PMID: 25744568 PMCID: PMC4789228 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ), a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound derived from soil bacteria and originally developed as an anticancer agent, in 1963 has been found to induce diabetes in experimental animals. Since then, systemic application of STZ became the most frequently studied experimental model of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes. The compound is selectively toxic toward insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, which is explained as the result of its cellular uptake by the low-affinity glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) protein located in their cell membranes. STZ cytotoxicity is mainly due to DNA alkylation which results in cellular necrosis. Besides pancreatic beta cells, STZ applied systemically damages also other organs expressing GLUT2, such as kidney and liver, whereas brain is not affected directly because blood-brain barrier lacks this transporter protein. However, single or double intracerebroventricular (icv) STZ injection(s) chronically decrease cerebral glucose uptake and produce multiple other effects that resemble molecular, pathological, and behavioral features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taking into consideration that glucose hypometabolism is an early and persistent sign of AD and that Alzheimer's brains present features of impaired insulin signaling, icv STZ injections are exploited by some investigators as a non-transgenic model of this disease and used for preclinical testing of pharmacological therapies for AD. While it has been assumed that icv STZ produces cerebral glucose hypometabolism and other effects directly through desensitizing brain insulin receptors, the evidence for such mechanism is poor. On the other hand, early data on insulin immunoreactivity showed intense insulin expression in the rodent brain, and the possibility of local production of insulin in the mammalian brain has never been conclusively excluded. Also, there are GLUT2-expressing cells in the brain, in particular in the circumventricular organs and hypothalamus; some of these cells may be involved in glucose sensing. Thus, icv STZ may damage brain glucose insulin producing cells and/or brain glucose sensors. Mechanistic explanation of the mode of action of icv STZ, which is currently lacking, would provide a valuable contribution to the field of animal models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Str. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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50
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Zheng H, Wu J, Jin Z, Yan LJ. Protein Modifications as Manifestations of Hyperglycemic Glucotoxicity in Diabetes and Its Complications. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2016; 9:1-9. [PMID: 27042090 PMCID: PMC4807886 DOI: 10.4137/bci.s36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are hyperglycemic toxicity diseases. Many metabolic pathways in this array of diseases become aberrant, which is accompanied with a variety of posttranslational protein modifications that in turn reflect diabetic glucotoxicity. In this review, we summarize some of the most widely studied protein modifications in diabetes and its complications. These modifications include glycation, carbonylation, nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and succination. All these posttranslational modifications can be significantly attributed to oxidative stress and/or carbon stress induced by diabetic redox imbalance that is driven by activation of pathways, such as the polyol pathway and the ADP-ribosylation pathway. Exploring the nature of these modifications should facilitate our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.; Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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