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Youngblood H, Schoenlein PV, Pasquale LR, Stamer WD, Liu Y. Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109725. [PMID: 37956940 PMCID: PMC10842791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Of the major risk factors for glaucoma (age, ocular hypertension, and genetics), only elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is modifiable, which is largely regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been known to elevate IOP and lead to glaucoma. However, several recent studies have reported that steroid hormone estrogen levels inversely correlate with glaucoma risk, and that variants in estrogen signaling genes have been associated with glaucoma. As a result, estrogen dysregulation may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis, and estrogen signaling may protect against glaucoma. The mechanism for estrogen-related protection against glaucoma is not completely understood but likely involves both regulation of IOP homeostasis and neuroprotection of RGCs. Based upon its known activities, estrogen signaling may promote IOP homeostasis by affecting extracellular matrix turnover, focal adhesion assembly, actin stress fiber formation, mechanosensation, and nitric oxide production. In addition, estrogen receptors in the RGCs may mediate neuroprotective functions. As a result, the estrogen signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic target for both IOP control and neuroprotection. This review examines the evidence for a relationship between estrogen and IOP and explores the possible mechanisms by which estrogen maintains IOP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia V Schoenlein
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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2
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Moccia C, Cherubini M, Fortea M, Akinbote A, Padmanaban P, Beltran‐Sastre V, Haase K. Mammary Microvessels are Sensitive to Menstrual Cycle Sex Hormones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302561. [PMID: 37897317 PMCID: PMC10724440 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly vascularized organ influenced by sex hormones including estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). Beyond whole-organism studies in rodents or cell monocultures, hormonal effects on the breast microvasculature remain largely understudied. Recent methods to generate 3D microvessels on-chip have enabled direct observation of complex vascular processes; however, these models often use non-tissue-specific cell types, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts from various sources. Here, novel mammary-specific microvessels are generated by coculturing primary breast endothelial cells and fibroblasts under optimized culture conditions. These microvessels are mechanosensitive (to interstitial flow) and require endothelial-stromal interactions to develop fully perfusable vessels. These mammary-specific microvessels are also responsive to exogenous stimulation by sex hormones. When treated with combined E2 and P4, corresponding to the four phases of the menstrual cycle (period, follicular, ovular, and luteal), vascular remodeling and barrier function are altered in a phase-dependent manner. The presence of high E2 (ovulation) promotes vascular growth and remodeling, corresponding to high depletion of proangiogenic factors, whereas high P4 concentrations (luteal) promote vascular regression. The effects of combined E2 and P4 hormones are not only dose-dependent but also tissue-specific, as are shown by similarly treating non-tissue-specific HUVEC microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moccia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marina Fortea
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Akinola Akinbote
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
- Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Prasanna Padmanaban
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | | | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
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3
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Bernstein SR, Kelleher C, Khalil RA. Gender-based research underscores sex differences in biological processes, clinical disorders and pharmacological interventions. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115737. [PMID: 37549793 PMCID: PMC10587961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Earlier research has presumed that the male and female biology is similar in most organs except the reproductive system, leading to major misconceptions in research interpretations and clinical implications, with serious disorders being overlooked or misdiagnosed. Careful research has now identified sex differences in the cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Also, several cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders have shown differences in prevalence and severity between males and females. Genetic variations in the sex chromosomes have been implicated in several disorders at young age and before puberty. The levels of the gonadal hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone and their receptors play a role in the sex differences between adult males and premenopausal women. Hormonal deficiencies and cell senescence have been implicated in differences between postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Specifically, cardiovascular disorders are more common in adult men vs premenopausal women, but the trend is reversed with age with the incidence being greater in postmenopausal women than age-matched men. Gender-specific disorders in females such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypertension-in-pregnancy and gestational diabetes have attained further research recognition. Other gender-related research areas include menopausal hormone therapy, the "Estrogen Paradox" in pulmonary arterial hypertension being more predominant but less severe in young females, and how testosterone may cause deleterious effects in the kidney while having vasodilator effects in the coronary circulation. This has prompted the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to consider sex as a biological variable in research. The NIH and other funding agencies have provided resources to establish state-of-the-art centers for women health and sex differences in biology and disease in several academic institutions. Scientific societies and journals have taken similar steps to organize specialized conferences and publish special issues on gender-based research. These combined efforts should promote research to enhance our understanding of the sex differences in biological systems beyond just the reproductive system, and provide better guidance and pharmacological tools for the management of various clinical disorders in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Bernstein
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Kelleher
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1964-1985. [PMID: 36596967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebral vascular accident (CVA), are responsible for causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the population. The neurovascular unit (NVU) during and after ischemic CVA plays crucial roles in cell regulation and preservation, the immune and inflammatory response, and cell and/or tissue survival and repair. Cellular responses to 17β-estradiol (E2) can be triggered by two mechanisms: one called classical or genomic, which is due to the activation of the "classical" nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and the non-genomic or rapid mechanism, which is due to the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) that is located in the plasma membrane and some in intracellular membranes, such as in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear receptors can regulate gene expression and cellular functions. On the contrary, activating the GPER by E2 and/or its G-1 agonist triggers several rapid cell signaling pathways. Therefore, E2 or its G-1 agonist, by mediating GPER activation and/or expression, can influence several NVU cell types. Most studies argue that the activation of the GPER may be used as a potential therapeutic target in various pathologies, such as CVA. Thus, with this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the role of GPER mediated by E2 and/or its agonist G-1 in the physiology and pathophysiology of NVU.
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Solis O, Beccari AR, Iaconis D, Talarico C, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Nwachukwu JC, Cimini A, Castelli V, Bertini R, Montopoli M, Cocetta V, Borocci S, Prandi IG, Flavahan K, Bahr M, Napiorkowski A, Chillemi G, Ooka M, Yang X, Zhang S, Xia M, Zheng W, Bonaventura J, Pomper MG, Hooper JE, Morales M, Rosenberg AZ, Nettles KW, Jain SK, Allegretti M, Michaelides M. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds and modulates estrogen receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4150. [PMID: 36449624 PMCID: PMC9710872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as its primary infection mechanism. Interactions between S and endogenous proteins occur after infection but are not well understood. We profiled binding of S against >9000 human proteins and found an interaction between S and human estrogen receptor α (ERα). Using bioinformatics, supercomputing, and experimental assays, we identified a highly conserved and functional nuclear receptor coregulator (NRC) LXD-like motif on the S2 subunit. In cultured cells, S DNA transfection increased ERα cytoplasmic accumulation, and S treatment induced ER-dependent biological effects. Non-invasive imaging in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters localized lung pathology with increased ERα lung levels. Postmortem lung experiments from infected hamsters and humans confirmed an increase in cytoplasmic ERα and its colocalization with S in alveolar macrophages. These findings describe the discovery of a S-ERα interaction, imply a role for S as an NRC, and advance knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 biology and coronavirus disease 2019 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solis
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | - Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jerome C. Nwachukwu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- VIMM- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Borocci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ingrid G. Prandi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Kelly Flavahan
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Melissa Bahr
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anna Napiorkowski
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Masato Ooka
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jody E. Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marisela Morales
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kendall W. Nettles
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Marcello Allegretti
- Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A, L’Aquila, Italy
- Corresponding author. (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.M.); (M.A.)
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lange CA, Levin ER. Membrane-Initiated Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:720-742. [PMID: 34791092 PMCID: PMC9277649 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein synthesis. This led to the paradigm that steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation, and metabolism via binding a receptor in the nucleus. It took 30 years to appreciate not only that some cellular functions arise solely from membrane-localized steroid receptor (SR) actions, but that rapid sex steroid signaling from membrane-localized SRs is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation, nuclear import, and potentiation of the transcriptional activity of nuclear SR counterparts. Here, we provide a review and update on the current state of knowledge of membrane-initiated estrogen (ER), androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptor signaling, the mechanisms of membrane-associated SR potentiation of their nuclear SR homologues, and the importance of this membrane-nuclear SR collaboration in physiology and disease. We also highlight potential clinical implications of pathway-selective modulation of membrane-associated SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Expression in Rat Uterine Artery Is Increased by Pregnancy and Induces Dilation in a Ca2+ and ERK1/2 Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115996. [PMID: 35682675 PMCID: PMC9180712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of estrogens across gestation are partly responsible for the physiological adaptations of the maternal vasculature to pregnancy. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates acute vasorelaxing effects in the uterine vasculature, which may contribute to the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GPER expression and vasorelaxation may occur following pregnancy. Elucidation of the functional signalling involved was also investigated. Radial uterine and third-order mesenteric arteries were isolated from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant rats (P). GPER mRNA levels were determined and—concentration–response curve to the GPER-specific agonist, G1 (10−10–10−6 M), was assessed in arteries pre-constricted with phenylephrine. In uterine arteries, GPER mRNA expression was significantly increased and vasorelaxation to G1 was significantly enhanced in P compared with NP rats. Meanwhile, in mesenteric arteries, there was a similar order of magnitude in NP and P rats. Inhibition of L-type calcium channels and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 significantly reduced vasorelaxation triggered by G1 in uterine arteries. Increased GPER expression and GPER-mediated vasorelaxation are associated with the advancement of gestation in uterine arteries. The modulation of GPER is exclusive to uterine arteries, thus suggesting a physiological contribution of GPER toward the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow during pregnancy.
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Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Lenfant F. Segregation of nuclear and membrane-initiated actions of estrogen receptor using genetically modified animals and pharmacological tools. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111467. [PMID: 34626731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, playing widespread functions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Beside the canonical function of ERs as nuclear receptors, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of extra-nuclear, membrane-initiated functions of ERs with a specific focus on ERα. Over the last decade, in vivo evidence has accumulated to demonstrate the physiological relevance of this ERα membrane-initiated-signaling from mouse models to selective pharmacological tools. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future challenges opened by the integration of extra-nuclear ERα signaling in physiology and pathology of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Fetoplacental vasculature as a model to study human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101054. [PMID: 34839931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has associated the exposure of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the cardiovascular (CV) system. This exposure is particularly problematic in a sensitive window of development, pregnancy. Pregnancy exposome can affect the overall health of the pregnancy by dramatic changes in vascular physiology and endocrine activity, increasing maternal susceptibility. Moreover, fetoplacental vascular function is generally altered, increasing the risk of developing pregnancy complications (including cardiovascular diseases, CVD) and predisposing the foetus to adverse health risks later in life. Thus, our review summarizes the existing literature on exposures to EDCs during pregnancy and adverse maternal health outcomes, focusing on the human placenta, vein, and umbilical artery associated with pregnancy complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of fetoplacental vasculature as a model for the study of human cardiovascular endocrine disruption. Therefore, we emphasize that the placenta, together with the umbilical arteries and veins, allows a better characterization of the pregnant woman's exposome. Consequently, it contributes to the protection of the mother and foetus against CV disorders in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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10
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Ferreira C, Trindade F, Ferreira R, Neves JS, Leite-Moreira A, Amado F, Santos M, Nogueira-Ferreira R. Sexual dimorphism in cardiac remodeling: the molecular mechanisms ruled by sex hormones in the heart. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:245-267. [PMID: 34811581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is growing in prevalence, due to an increase in aging and comorbidities. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more common in men, whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a higher prevalence in women. However, the reasons for these epidemiological trends are not clear yet. Since HFpEF affects mostly postmenopausal women, sex hormones should play a pivotal role in HFpEF development. Furthermore, for HFpEF, contrary to HFrEF, effective therapeutic approaches are missing. Interestingly, studies evidenced that some therapies can have better results in women than in HFpEF men, emphasizing the necessity of understanding these observations at a molecular level. Thus, herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and androgen actions in the heart in physiological conditions and explain how its dysregulation can lead to disease development. This clarification is essential in the road for an effective personalized management of HF, particularly HFpEF, towards the development of sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Querio G, Antoniotti S, Geddo F, Tullio F, Penna C, Pagliaro P, Gallo MP. Ischemic heart disease and cardioprotection: Focus on estrogenic hormonal setting and microvascular health. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106921. [PMID: 34592428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a clinical condition characterized by insufficient blood flow to the cardiac tissue, and the consequent inappropriate oxygen and nutrients supply and metabolic waste removal in the heart. In the last decade a broad scientific literature has underlined the distinct mechanism of onset and the peculiar progress of IHD between female and male patients, highlighting the estrogenic hormonal setting as a key factor of these sex-dependent divergences. In particular, estrogen-activated cardioprotective pathways exert a pivotal role for the microvascular health, and their impairment, both physiologically and pathologically driven, predispose to vascular dysfunctions. Aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the estrogen receptors localization and function in the cardiovascular system, particularly focusing on sex-dependent differences in microvascular vs macrovascular dysfunction and on the experimental models that allowed the researchers to reach the current findings and sketching the leading estrogen-mediated cardioprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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12
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Rusidzé M, Adlanmérini M, Chantalat E, Raymond-Letron I, Cayre S, Arnal JF, Deugnier MA, Lenfant F. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in post-natal mammary development and breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5681-5705. [PMID: 34156490 PMCID: PMC8316234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also critical for breast cancer progression and remains a central therapeutic target for hormone-dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the complex ERα signaling pathways that involve either classical nuclear “genomic” or membrane “non-genomic” actions and regulate in concert with other hormones the different stages of mammary development. We describe the cellular and molecular features of the luminal cell lineage expressing ERα and provide an overview of the transgenic mouse models impacting ERα signaling, highlighting the pivotal role of ERα in mammary gland morphogenesis and function and its implication in the tumorigenic processes. Finally, we describe the main features of the ERα-positive luminal breast cancers and their modeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmérini
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- LabHPEC et Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Surya Cayre
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Non-genomic actions of sex hormones on pregnant uterine contractility in rats: An in vitro study at term. Life Sci 2020; 263:118584. [PMID: 33058919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The non-genomic (prompt) actions of sex steroids on pregnant uterine contractility are not fully explored yet, the aim of our study was to clarify such effects of 17-β estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) on late (22-day) pregnant uterine contractions together with the signaling pathways in rats in vitro. METHODS The uterine effects of sex steroids on KCl-stimulated contractions were examined in the presence of genomic pathway blocker actinomycin D and cycloheximide, sex hormone receptor antagonists (flutamide, fulvestrant, mifepristone) and also after removing the endometrium. The modifications in uterine G-protein activation and cAMP levels were also detected. RESULTS T and E2 both relaxed the uterine contractions in the concentration range of 10-8-10-3 M with an increase in the activated G-protein and cAMP levels of the uterus, while P4 was ineffective. Cycloheximide, actinomycin D, antagonist for T and E2 were not able to modify the responses along with the endothelium removal. Mifepristone blocked the relaxing effects of T and E2 and reduced the activation of G-protein and the formation of cAMP. SIGNIFICANCE T and E2 can inhibit KCl-stimulated contractions in the late pregnant uterus in high concentrations and in a non-genomic manner. Their actions are mediated by a G-protein coupled receptor that can be blocked by mifepristone. A single and high dose of T or E2 might be considered in premature contractions, however, further preclinical and clinical studies are required for the approval of such a therapeutic intervention.
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14
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Shabbir A, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Ahluwalia A. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory Response: Pharmacological Opportunities for Therapeutics for Coronary Artery Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:333-359. [PMID: 33035428 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated molecular responses are key to effective initiation and resolution of both acute and chronic inflammation. Vascular inflammation plays an important role in initiating and perpetuating atherosclerotic disease, specifically at the site of plaque and subsequent fibrous cap rupture. Both men and women succumb to this disease process, and although management strategies have focused on revascularization and pharmacological therapies in the acute situation to reverse vessel closure and prevent thrombogenesis, data now suggest that regulation of host inflammation may improve both morbidity and mortality, thus supporting the notion that prevention is better than cure. There is a clear sex difference in the incidence of vascular disease, and data confirm biological differences in inflammatory initiation and resolution between men and women. This article reviews contemporary opinions describing the sex difference in the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, with a view to explore potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shabbir
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Krishnaraj Sinhji Rathod
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Rayomand Syrus Khambata
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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15
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Taxier LR, Gross KS, Frick KM. Oestradiol as a neuromodulator of learning and memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:535-550. [PMID: 32879508 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although hormones such as glucocorticoids have been broadly accepted in recent decades as general neuromodulators of memory processes, sex steroid hormones such as the potent oestrogen 17β-oestradiol have been less well recognized by the scientific community in this capacity. The predominance of females in studies of oestradiol and memory and the general (but erroneous) perception that oestrogens are 'female' hormones have probably prevented oestradiol from being more widely considered as a key memory modulator in both sexes. Indeed, although considerable evidence supports a crucial role for oestradiol in regulating learning and memory in females, a growing body of literature indicates a similar role in males. This Review discusses the mechanisms of oestradiol signalling and provides an overview of the effects of oestradiol on spatial, object recognition, social and fear memories. Although the primary focus is on data collected in females, effects of oestradiol on memory in males will be discussed, as will sex differences in the molecular mechanisms that regulate oestrogenic modulation of memory, which may have important implications for the development of future cognitive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Taxier
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kellie S Gross
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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16
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The Impact of Estrogen Receptor in Arterial and Lymphatic Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093244. [PMID: 32375307 PMCID: PMC7247322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in pre-menopausal women compared to men is well-known documented. This protection has been largely attributed to the protective effect of estrogens, which exert many beneficial effects against arterial diseases, including vasodilatation, acceleration of healing in response to arterial injury, arterial collateral growth and atheroprotection. More recently, with the visualization of the lymphatic vessels, the impact of estrogens on lymphedema and lymphatic diseases started to be elucidated. These estrogenic effects are mediated not only by the classic nuclear/genomic actions via the specific estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, but also by rapid extra-nuclear membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS). The ERs are expressed by endothelial, lymphatic and smooth muscle cells in the different vessels. In this review, we will summarize the complex vascular effects of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that have been described using different transgenic mouse models with selective loss of ERα function and numerous animal models of vascular and lymphatic diseases.
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17
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Fukuma N, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu P, Tajima M, Otsu Y, Kariya T, Harada M, Toko H, Koga K, Blanton RM, Karas RH, Komuro I. Estrogen Receptor-α Non-Nuclear Signaling Confers Cardioprotection and Is Essential to cGMP-PDE5 Inhibition Efficacy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:282-295. [PMID: 32215350 PMCID: PMC7091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using genetically engineered mice lacking estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling, this study demonstrated that estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling activated myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase G and conferred protection against cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. This pathway was indispensable to the therapeutic efficacy of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition but not to that of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation. These results might partially explain the equivocal results of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor efficacy and also provide the molecular basis for the advantage of using a soluble guanylate cyclase simulator as a new therapeutic option in post-menopausal women. This study also highlighted the need for female-specific therapeutic strategies for heart failure.
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Key Words
- E2, estradiol
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EDC, estrogen dendrimer conjugate
- ER, estrogen receptor
- LV, left ventricular
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5i, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase G
- PaPE, pathway-preferential estrogen
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- VO2, oxygen consumption rate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cyclic GMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- estradiol
- heart failure
- non-nuclear signaling
- sGC stimulator
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pangyen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Tajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kariya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Domínguez-Ordóñez R, García-Juárez M, Lima-Hernández FJ, Gómora-Arrati P, Domínguez-Salazar E, Luna-Hernández A, Hoffman KL, Blaustein JD, Etgen AM, González-Flores O. Protein kinase inhibitors infused intraventricularly or into the ventromedial hypothalamus block short latency facilitation of lordosis by oestradiol. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12809. [PMID: 31715031 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An injection of unesterified oestradiol (E2 ) facilitates receptive behaviour in E2 benzoate (EB)-primed, ovariectomised female rats when it is administered i.c.v. or systemically. The present study tested the hypothesis that inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG) or the Src/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex interfere with E2 facilitation of receptive behaviour. In Experiment 1, lordosis induced by i.c.v. infusion of E2 was significantly reduced by i.c.v. administration of Rp-cAMPS, a PKA inhibitor, KT5823, a PKG inhibitor, and PP2 and PD98059, Src and MAPK inhibitors, respectively, between 30 and 240 minutes after infusion. In Experiment 2, we determined whether the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is one of the neural sites at which those intracellular pathways participate in lordosis behaviour induced by E2 . Administration of each of the four protein kinase inhibitors into the VMH blocked facilitation of lordosis induced by infusion of E2 also into the VMH. These data support the hypothesis that activation of several protein kinase pathways is involved in the facilitation of lordosis by E2 in EB-primed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Domínguez-Ordóñez
- Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica y Zootecnia, Complejo Regional Centro, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Mexico
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Francisco J Lima-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Porfirio Gómora-Arrati
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Emilio Domínguez-Salazar
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Ailyn Luna-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Kurt L Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Jeffrey D Blaustein
- Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica y Zootecnia, Complejo Regional Centro, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Mexico
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Anne M Etgen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, México
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19
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Filiponi M, Gougoura SG, Befani C, Bargiota Α, Liakos P, Koukoulis GN. 17-β estradiol attenuates the pro-oxidant activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone in macroendothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1407-1415. [PMID: 31141240 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is the predominant regulator of neuroendocrine responses to stress, attenuates inflammation through stimulation of glucocorticoid release. Enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone expression has been detected in inflammatory cells of the vascular endothelium, where it acts as a local regulator of endothelial redox homeostasis. Estrogens have beneficial effects on endothelial integrity and function, though the mechanism underlying their antioxidative effect remains as yet largely unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on pro-oxidant action of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vitro in macroendothelial cells, and, more specifically, the role of 17β-estradiol on corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced activities/release of the antioxidant enzymes namely, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. We observed that 17β-estradiol abolished the stimulatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and counteracted its inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide release. In addition, 17β-estradiol significantly induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, an effect that was not significantly influenced by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Finally, 17β-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our results reveal that 17β-estradiol counterbalances corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated pro-inflammatory action and thereby maintains the physiological threshold of the endothelial cell redox environment. These observations may be of importance, considering the protective role of estrogen in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filiponi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia G Gougoura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Koukoulis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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20
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Ramesh SS, Christopher R, Indira Devi B, Bhat DI. The vascular protective role of oestradiol: a focus on postmenopausal oestradiol deficiency and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1897-1917. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi S. Ramesh
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Bhagavatula Indira Devi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Dhananjaya I. Bhat
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
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21
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Bechmann N, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Bifunctional Approach to Improve the Therapeutic Index. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6525-6539. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Stanhewicz AE, Wenner MM, Stachenfeld NS. Sex differences in endothelial function important to vascular health and overall cardiovascular disease risk across the lifespan. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1569-H1588. [PMID: 30216121 PMCID: PMC6734083 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00396.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women in developed countries, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming more prevalent in developing countries. The prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD in men is greater than in women until menopause, when the prevalence of CVD increases in women until it exceeds that of men. Endothelial function is a barometer of vascular health and a predictor of atherosclerosis that may provide insights into sex differences in CVD as well as how and why the CVD risk drastically changes with menopause. Studies of sex differences in endothelial function are conflicting, with some studies showing earlier decrements in endothelial function in men compared with women, whereas others show similar age-related declines between the sexes. Because the increase in CVD risk coincides with menopause, it is generally thought that female hormones, estrogens in particular, are cardioprotective. Moreover, it is often proposed that androgens are detrimental. In truth, the relationships are more complex. This review first addresses female and male sex hormones and their receptors and how these interact with the cardiovascular system, particularly the endothelium, in healthy young women and men. Second, we address sex differences in sex steroid receptor-independent mechanisms controlling endothelial function, focusing on vascular endothelin and the renin-angiotensin systems, in healthy young women and men. Finally, we discuss sex differences in age-associated endothelial dysfunction, focusing on the role of attenuated circulating sex hormones in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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23
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Ramdani G, Schall N, Kalyanaraman H, Wahwah N, Moheize S, Lee JJ, Sah RL, Pfeifer A, Casteel DE, Pilz RB. cGMP-dependent protein kinase-2 regulates bone mass and prevents diabetic bone loss. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:203-219. [PMID: 29914933 PMCID: PMC6086127 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NO/cGMP signaling is important for bone remodeling in response to mechanical and hormonal stimuli, but the downstream mediator(s) regulating skeletal homeostasis are incompletely defined. We generated transgenic mice expressing a partly-activated, mutant cGMP-dependent protein kinase type 2 (PKG2R242Q) under control of the osteoblast-specific Col1a1 promoter to characterize the role of PKG2 in post-natal bone formation. Primary osteoblasts from these mice showed a two- to three-fold increase in basal and total PKG2 activity; they proliferated faster and were resistant to apoptosis compared to cells from WT mice. Male Col1a1-Prkg2R242Q transgenic mice had increased osteoblast numbers, bone formation rates and Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression in bone and a higher trabecular bone mass compared to their WT littermates. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes suppressed bone formation and caused rapid bone loss in WT mice, but male transgenic mice were protected from these effects. Surprisingly, we found no significant difference in bone micro-architecture or Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression between female WT and transgenic mice; female mice of both genotypes showed higher systemic and osteoblastic NO/cGMP generation compared to their male counterparts, and a higher level of endogenous PKG2 activity may be responsible for masking effects of the PKG2R242Q transgene in females. Our data support sexual dimorphism in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PKG2 regulation of this crucial pathway in bone homeostasis. This work establishes PKG2 as a key regulator of osteoblast proliferation and post-natal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Ramdani
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nadine Schall
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Institute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nisreen Wahwah
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sahar Moheize
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jenna J Lee
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- The Institute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kalyanaraman H, Schall N, Pilz RB. Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP functions in bone. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:62-70. [PMID: 29550520 PMCID: PMC9990405 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a central role in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis. In cells of the osteoblastic lineage, NO is generated in response to mechanical stimulation and estrogen exposure. Via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), NO enhances proliferation, differentiation, and survival of bone-forming cells in the osteoblastic lineage. NO also regulates the differentiation and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts; here the effects are largely inhibitory and partly cGMP-independent. We review the skeletal phenotypes of mice deficient in NO synthases and PKGs, and the effects of NO and cGMP on bone formation and resorption. We examine the roles of NO and cGMP in bone adaptation to mechanical stimulation. Finally, we discuss preclinical and clinical data showing that NO donors and NO-independent sGC activators may protect against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. sGC represents an attractive target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA
| | - Nadine Schall
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, USA.
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25
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Gourdy P, Guillaume M, Fontaine C, Adlanmerini M, Montagner A, Laurell H, Lenfant F, Arnal JF. Estrogen receptor subcellular localization and cardiometabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 15:56-69. [PMID: 29807870 PMCID: PMC6066739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their crucial role in reproduction, estrogens are key regulators of energy and glucose homeostasis and they also exert several cardiovascular protective effects. These beneficial actions are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which is widely expressed in metabolic and vascular tissues. As a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, ERα was primarily considered as a transcription factor that controls gene expression through the activation of its two activation functions (ERαAF-1 and ERαAF-2). However, besides these nuclear actions, a pool of ERα is localized in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, where it mediates rapid signaling effects called membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS) that have been well described in vitro, especially in endothelial cells. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms of nuclear vs membrane ERα activation that contribute to the cardiometabolic protection conferred by estrogens. Indeed, new transgenic mouse models (affecting either DNA binding, activation functions or membrane localization), together with the use of novel pharmacological tools that electively activate membrane ERα effects recently allowed to begin to unravel the different modes of ERα signaling in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, available data demonstrate the prominent role of ERα nuclear effects, and, more specifically, of ERαAF-2, in the preventive effects of estrogens against obesity, diabetes, and atheroma. However, membrane ERα signaling selectively mediates some of the estrogen endothelial/vascular effects (NO release, reendothelialization) and could also contribute to the regulation of energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. Such a dissection of ERα biological functions related to its subcellular localization will help to understand the mechanism of action of "old" ER modulators and to design new ones with an optimized benefit/risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gourdy
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service d'Hépatologie et Gastro-Entérologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1048/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prevalence and outcome differences between women and men with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) raise questions about the role of sex hormones in disease pathobiology. This review will summarize the current understanding of sex and sex hormone pathways and their influence on heart-lung function in health and in disease. RECENT FINDINGS Female sex has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of PAH, but women have improved survival compared to men with PAH. These paradoxical observations are likely driven in part by complex sex hormone signaling and processing pathways and their interaction with the pulmonary vasculature and the right ventricle. These relationships may vary depending on an individual's underlying sex, age, and/or genetic substrate. The study of the connections between sex, sex hormones, the pulmonary circulation, and the right ventricle may improve our understanding of disease epidemiology and outcomes and lead to new treatment strategies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Foderaro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Zhang SM, Yu LL, Qu T, Hu Y, Yuan DZ, Zhang S, Xu Q, Zhao YB, Zhang JH, Yue LM. The Changes of Cytoskeletal Proteins Induced by the Fast Effect of Estrogen in Mouse Blastocysts and Its Roles in Implantation. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1639-1646. [PMID: 28299994 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117697126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary for estrogen to activate mouse blastocysts, so that they can attach to endometrial epithelium in implantation and in our previous research, we have proved estrogen can induce a fast increase in intracellular calcium of mouse blastocysts through acting on G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), which further promotes their implantation. Moreover, there has been evidence that cytoskeletal proteins are involved in integrin-mediated adhesion of many kinds of cells, which also plays an important role in implantation. To prove estrogen induces rapidly the changes of cytoskeletal proteins in mouse blastocysts and its roles in implantation, we first used immunofluorescence staining and laser confocal microscopy to investigate the fast effect of estrogen on the expression and localization of cytoskeletal proteins in mouse blastocysts. Second, we used electroporation associated with RNA interference to knock down one of the important cytoskeletal proteins, talin, in the mouse blastocyst cells to investigate the fast effect of estrogen on the localization of integrins and the binding activity of integrins with their ligand fibronectin (FN). At last, mouse blastocysts with different treatments were cultured with FN or uterine epithelial cell line Ishikawa in vitro, respectively, and transferred into the bilateral uterine horns of recipient mice, to study the role of the fast effect of estrogen on cytoskeletal proteins in blastocysts adhesion and implantation. Our results indicated that estradiol (E2), E2 conjugated with bovine serum album (E2-BSA) and G-1 (a GPR30-specific agonist) could induce cytoskeletal protein talin, vinculin, and actin to cluster in the mouse blastocysts, while G15 (a GPR30-specific antagonist) and BAPTA (a calcium chelator) may block this effect induced by E2-BSA. Furthermore, E2-BSA could induce the clustering and relocalization of integrin β1 and β3 and increase the FN-binding activity of integrins in blastocyst cells, while E2-BSA could not induce these effects in the blastocysts pretreated with talin-small interfering RNA (siRNA). Meanwhile, the adhesion rate and implantation rate of blastocysts pretreated with talin-siRNA were significantly lower than those pretreated with control-siRNA. We provided the first evidence that the fast effect of estrogen might cause the clustering of the cytoskeletal proteins in mouse blastocyst cells and further induce the changes of localization and functional activity of integrins in the blastocyst cells, which play important roles in blastocyst implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Mao Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- 2 Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yu
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- 2 Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Qu
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Hu
- 3 Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Yuan
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Bo Zhao
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Hu Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Min Yue
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Arnal JF, Lenfant F, Metivier R, Flouriot G, Henrion D, Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Chambon P, Katzenellenbogen B, Katzenellenbogen J. Membrane and Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Alpha Actions: From Tissue Specificity to Medical Implications. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1045-1087. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this review, we attempt to summarize the in vitro studies that are the basis of our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of ERα as a nuclear receptor and the key roles played by its two activation functions (AFs) in its transcriptional activities. We then depict the consequences of the selective inactivation of these AFs in mouse models, focusing on the prominent roles played by ERα in the reproductive tract and in the vascular system. Evidence has accumulated over the two last decades that ERα is also associated with the plasma membrane and activates non-nuclear signaling from this site. These rapid/nongenomic/membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS) have been characterized in a variety of cell lines, and in particular in endothelial cells. The development of selective pharmacological tools that specifically activate MISS and the generation of mice expressing an ERα protein impeded for membrane localization have begun to unravel the physiological role of MISS in vivo. Finally, we discuss novel perspectives for the design of tissue-selective ER modulators based on the integration of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MISS actions of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Raphaël Metivier
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Daniel Henrion
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Chambon
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Benita Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - John Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
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Landeros RV, Jobe SO, Aranda-Pino G, Lopez GE, Zheng J, Magness RR. Convergent ERK1/2, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling mediate catecholoestradiol-induced proliferation of ovine uterine artery endothelial cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:4663-4676. [PMID: 28437005 DOI: 10.1113/jp274119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The catechol metabolites of 17β-oestradiol (E2 β), 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2 ) and 4-hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2 ), stimulate proliferation of pregnancy-derived ovine uterine artery endothelial cells (P-UAECs) through β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) and independently of the classic oestrogen receptors (ERs). Herein we show that activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is necessary for 2-OHE2 - and 4-OHE2 -induced P-UAEC proliferation, as well as proliferation induced by the parent hormone E2 β and other β-AR signalling hormones (i.e. catecholamines). Conversely, although 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 rapidly activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its activation is not involved in catecholoestradiol-induced P-UAEC proliferation. We also show for the first time the signalling mechanisms involved in catecholoestradiol-induced P-UAEC proliferation; which converge at the level of MAPKs with the signalling mechanisms mediating E2 β- and catecholamine-induced proliferation. The present study advances our understanding of the complex signalling mechanisms involved in regulating uterine endothelial cell proliferation during pregnancy. ABSTRACT Previously we demonstrated that the biologically active metabolites of 17β-oestradiol, 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2 ) and 4-hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2 ), stimulate pregnancy-specific proliferation of uterine artery endothelial cells derived from pregnant (P-UAECs), but not non-pregnant ewes. However, unlike 17β-oestradiol, which induces proliferation via oestrogen receptor-β (ER-β), the catecholoestradiols mediate P-UAEC proliferation via β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) and independently of classic oestrogen receptors. Herein, we aim to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms involved in proliferation induced by catecholoestradiols in P-UAECs. P-UAECs were treated with 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h, to analyse activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT. Specific inhibitors for ERK1/2 MAPK (PD98059), p38 MAPK (SB203580), JNK MAPK (SP600125), or PI3K (LY294002) were used to determine the involvement of individual kinases in agonist-induced P-UAEC proliferation. 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 stimulated biphasic phosphorylation of ERK1/2, slow p38 and JNK phosphorylation over time, and rapid monophasic AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAPKs, but not PI3K, were individually necessary for catecholoestradiol-induced proliferation. In addition, when comparing the signalling mechanisms of the catecholoestradiols, to 17β-oestradiol and catecholamines, we observed that convergent MAPKs signalling pathways facilitate P-UAEC proliferation induced by all of these hormones. Thus, all three members of the MAPK family mediate the mitogenic effects of catecholoestradiols in the endothelium during pregnancy. Furthermore, the convergent signalling of MAPKs involved in catecholoestradiol-, 17β-oestradiol- and catecholamine-induced endothelial cell proliferation may be indicative of unappreciated evolutionary functional redundancy to facilitate angiogenesis and ensure maintenance of uterine blood flow during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Villalon Landeros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheikh O Jobe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabrielle Aranda-Pino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gladys E Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of South Florida Perinatal Research Vascular Centre, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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30
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GPER-novel membrane oestrogen receptor. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1005-16. [PMID: 27154744 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) presents new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of many diseases. This review will focus on the expression and function of GPER in hypertension, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling, heart failure, reproduction, metabolic disorders, cancer, environmental health and menopause. Furthermore, this review will highlight the potential of GPER as a therapeutic target.
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Gypenoside XVII Prevents Atherosclerosis by Attenuating Endothelial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress: Insight into the ERα-Mediated PI3K/Akt Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020077. [PMID: 28208754 PMCID: PMC5343768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like compounds of plant origin. The pharmacological activities of phytoestrogens are predominantly due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties, which are mediated via the estrogen receptors (ERs): estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and possibly G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER). Gypenoside XVII (GP-17) is a phytoestrogen that is widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, but the mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects is largely unclear. This study aimed to assess the anti-atherogenic effects of GP-17 and its mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that GP-17 significantly decreased blood lipid levels, increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes and decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro experiments showed that GP-17 significantly prevented oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced endothelial injury. The underlying protective mechanisms of GP-17 were mediated by restoring the normal redox state, up-regulating of the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and inhibiting the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in Ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury. Notably, we found that GP-17 treatment predominantly up-regulated the expression of ERα but not ERβ. However, similar to estrogen, the protective effect of GP-17 could be blocked by the ER antagonist ICI182780 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) antagonist LY294002. Taken together, these results suggest that, due to its antioxidant properties, GP-17 could alleviate atherosclerosis via the ERα-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Estrogenic activity of osthole and imperatorin in MCF-7 cells and their osteoblastic effects in Saos-2 cells. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:413-20. [PMID: 27473958 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in phytoestrogens due to their potential medical usage in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of estrogen-like activities of two widespread coumarins, osthole and imperatorin, using the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay and their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in osteoblasts Saos-2 cells. The two compounds were found to strongly stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The estrogen receptor-regulated ERα, progesterone receptor (PR) and PS2 mRNA levels were increased by treatment with osthole and imperatorin. All these effects were significantly inhibited by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182, 780. Cell cycle analysis revealed that their proliferation stimulatory effect was associated with a marked increase in the number of MCF-7 cells in S phase, which was similar to that observed with estradiol. It was also observed that they significantly increased ALP activity, which was reversed by ICI182,780. These results suggested that osthole and imperatorin could stimulate osteoblastic activity by displaying estrogenic properties or through the ER pathway. In conclusion, osthole and imperatorin may represent new pharmacological tools for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Barakat R, Oakley O, Kim H, Jin J, Ko CJ. Extra-gonadal sites of estrogen biosynthesis and function. BMB Rep 2017; 49:488-96. [PMID: 27530684 PMCID: PMC5227141 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.9.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are the key hormones regulating the development and function of reproductive organs in all vertebrates. Recent evidence indicates that estrogens play important roles in the immune system, cancer development, and other critical biological processes related to human well-being. Obviously, the gonads (ovary and testis) are the primary sites of estrogen synthesis, but estrogens synthesized in extra- gonadal sites play an equally important role in controlling biological activities. Understanding non-gonadal sites of estrogen synthesis and function is crucial and will lead to therapeutic interventions targeting estrogen signaling in disease prevention and treatment. Developing a rationale targeting strategy remains challenging because knowledge of extra-gonadal biosynthesis of estrogens, and the mechanism by which estrogen activity is exerted, is very limited. In this review, we will summarize recent discoveries of extra-gonadal sites of estrogen biosynthesis and their local functions and discuss the significance of the most recent novel discovery of intestinal estrogen biosynthesis. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 488-496]
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61802, Unites States; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Oliver Oakley
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Heehyen Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Jin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61802, Unites States
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Usselman CW, Stachenfeld NS, Bender JR. The molecular actions of oestrogen in the regulation of vascular health. Exp Physiol 2017; 101:356-61. [PMID: 26778523 DOI: 10.1113/ep085148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review summarizes the beneficial actions of oestrogen on the vasculature, highlighting both molecular mechanisms and functional outcomes. What advances does it highlight? The net effect of oestrogen on the vascular health of women continues to be debated. Recent advances have provided strong evidence for the role of membrane-bound oestrogen receptors in the maintenance of normal endothelial function. On a broader scale, functional outcomes of oestrogen actions on the vasculature may mediate the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women. The conflicting implications of the large-scale clinical menopausal hormone therapy trials in humans versus the findings of studies on experimental animals underscore the limitations within our understanding of the molecular actions of oestrogen. However, recent research has provided improved insight into the actions of oestrogen on the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. This review outlines the actions of oestrogen as it contributes to vascular structure, function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Usselman
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bender
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Cardiovascular Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Nuclear and Membrane Actions of Estrogen Receptor Alpha: Contribution to the Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:401-426. [PMID: 29224105 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been demonstrated to play a key role in reproduction but also to exert numerous functions in nonreproductive tissues. Accordingly, ERα is now recognized as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism and mediates the protective effects of estrogens against obesity and type 2 diabetes. This chapter attempts to summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms of ERα activation and their involvement in the modulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. We first focus on the experimental studies that constitute the basis of the understanding of ERα as a nuclear receptor and more specifically on the key roles played by its two activation functions (AFs). We depict the consequences of the selective inactivation of these AFs in mouse models, which further underline the prominent role of nuclear ERα in the prevention of obesity and diabetes, as on the reproductive tract and the vascular system. Besides these nuclear actions, a fraction of ERα is associated with the plasma membrane and activates nonnuclear signaling from this site. Such rapid effects, called membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS), have been characterized in a variety of cell lines and in particular in endothelial cells. The development of selective pharmacological tools that specifically activate MISS as well as the generation of mice expressing an ERα protein impeded for membrane localization has just begun to unravel the physiological role of MISS in vivo and their contribution to ERα-mediated metabolic protection. Finally, we discuss novel perspectives for the design of tissue-selective ER modulators.
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Masjedi S, Lei Y, Patel J, Ferdous Z. Sex-related differences in matrix remodeling and early osteogenic markers in aortic valvular interstitial cells. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:217-228. [PMID: 27761653 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major cardiovascular disorder in the developed countries. Male is a known risk factor in this disease; unfortunately, how sex contributes to CAVD is mostly unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether valvular interstitial cells (VICs) isolated from male versus female aortic valves demonstrate difference in osteogenic differentiation and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. VICs were isolated from male and female rat or porcine aortic valves and cultured in osteogenic media for 10, 15 and 20 days. The proliferation among male and female VICs was assessed by a cell growth assay. The matrix remodeling of the VIC samples was quantified using glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen type I and gelatin zymography assays. Early osteogenic marker expression was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and enzyme activity assay and Alizarin Red S staining. Our result showed that proliferation of VICs was significantly greater in female than male after 12 days of culture in regular media. Additionally, male VICs showed elevated amounts of normalized GAG, collagen I, and activated matrix metallopreoteniase-2 expression compared to female. Similarly, ALP content was greater in male VICs than female at all time points. In addition, male VICs formed calcific nodules with greater size, % area and integrated density than females. The results from this research suggest that there is a sex-related difference in the events associated with osteogenic differentiation of the aortic VICs, where male VICs are more prone to calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Masjedi
- The Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 312 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ying Lei
- The Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 312 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jenny Patel
- The Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 312 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- The Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, 312 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Ardıçoğlu Y, Akar N, Haznedaroğlu İ. Endothelial Cells, Ankaferd Hemostat, and Estradiol. Turk J Haematol 2016; 33:261-2. [PMID: 26376760 PMCID: PMC5111478 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - İbrahim Haznedaroğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail: ,
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38
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Lau KM, To KF. Importance of Estrogenic Signaling and Its Mediated Receptors in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1434. [PMID: 27589731 PMCID: PMC5037713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) treatment was first established by Huggins and Hodges in 1941, primarily described as androgen deprivation via interference of testicular androgen production. The disease remains incurable with relapse of hormone-refractory cancer after treatments. Epidemiological and clinical studies disclosed the importance of estrogens in PCa. Discovery of estrogen receptor ERβ prompted direct estrogenic actions, in conjunction with ERα, on PCa cells. Mechanistically, ERs upon ligand binding transactivate target genes at consensus genomic sites via interactions with various transcriptional co-regulators to mold estrogenic signaling. With animal models, Noble revealed estrogen dependencies of PCa, providing insight into potential uses of antiestrogens in the treatment. Subsequently, various clinical trials were conducted and molecular and functional consequences of antiestrogen treatment in PCa were delineated. Besides, estrogens can also trigger rapid non-genomic signaling responses initiated at the plasma membrane, at least partially via an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR30. Activation of GPR30 significantly inhibited in vitro and in vivo PCa cell growth and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. Currently, molecular networks of estrogenic and antiestrogenic signaling via ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in PCa have not been fully deciphered. This crucial information could be beneficial to further developments of effective estrogen- and antiestrogen-based therapy for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Mang Lau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Stachenfeld NS. Sex hormone effects on autonomic and endothelial function. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:347-8. [PMID: 27511123 DOI: 10.1113/ep085720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A video slideshow Introduction to the Symposium by symposium organiser Nina S. Stachenfeld can be found here.
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Estrogen Receptor Signaling and the PI3K/Akt Pathway Are Involved in Betulinic Acid-Induced eNOS Activation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080973. [PMID: 27463705 PMCID: PMC6273205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-cancer properties. Beneficial cardiovascular effects such as increased nitric oxide (NO) production through enhancement of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and upregulation of eNOS expression have been demonstrated for this compound. In the present study, immortalized human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells were incubated for up to 1 h with 1–100 µM BA and with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, or the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780. Phosphorylation status of eNOS and total eNOS protein were analyzed by Western blotting using a serine 1177 phosphosite-specific antibody. Bioactive NO production was assessed by determination of cGMP content in rat lung fibroblasts (RFL-6) reporter cells. Short-term incubation of EA.hy 926 cells with BA resulted in eNOS phosphorylation at the serine 1177 residue in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.57 µM. This was associated with an enhanced production of NO. BA-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO production was completely blocked by pretreatment with ICI 182,780, and was attenuated by pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. These results indicate that fast non-genomic effects of ER with downstream signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway and consecutive eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 are involved in BA-induced eNOS activation.
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Yin L, Wang ZY. Roles of the ER-α36-EGFR/HER2 positive regulatory loops in tamoxifen resistance. Steroids 2016; 111:95-99. [PMID: 26884313 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen provided a successful treatment for ER-positive breast cancer for the past four decades. However, most breast tumors are eventually resistant to tamoxifen therapy. Extensive researches were conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in tamoxifen resistance, and have revealed that multiple signaling molecules and pathways such as EGFR and HER2 are involved in tamoxifen resistance. Currently, the mechanisms by which tamoxifen sensitive breast cancer cells acquire these signaling pathways and develop tamoxifen resistance have not been elucidated. The identification of ER-α36, a variant of ER-α, that is able to mediate agonist activity of tamoxifen provided great insights into the underlying mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. In this review, we will discuss the biological function and the possible underlying mechanisms of ER-α36 in tamoxifen resistance and specifically illustrate a novel cross-talk mechanism; positive regulatory loops between the ER-α36 and EGFR/HER2 in tamoxifen resistance. The function and the underlying mechanisms of ER-α36 in tamoxifen resistance of the breast cancer stem/progenitor cells will also be discussed. Finally, we will postulate a novel approach to restore tamoxifen sensitivity in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA.
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42
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Adlanmerini M, Fabre A, Boudou F, Riant É, Fontaine C, Laurell H, Gourdy P, Lenfant F, Arnal JF. Effets membranaires du récepteur alpha des œstrogènes. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:1083-91. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Wang ZY, Yin L. Estrogen receptor alpha-36 (ER-α36): A new player in human breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:193-206. [PMID: 25917453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prevailing wisdom is that estrogen receptor (ER)-α mediated genomic estrogen signaling is responsible for estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation and development of ER-positive breast cancer. However, accumulating evidence indicates that another estrogen signaling pathway, non-genomic or rapid estrogen signaling, also plays an important role in mitogenic estrogen signaling. Previously, our laboratory cloned a 36 kDa variant of ER-α, ER-α36, and found that ER-α36 is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane. ER-α36 mediates rapid estrogen signaling and inhibits genomic estrogen signaling. In this review, we review and update the biological function of ER-α36 in ER-positive and -negative breast cancer, breast cancer stem/progenitor cells and tamoxifen resistance, potential interaction and cross-talk of ER-α36 with other ERs and growth factor receptors, and intracellular pathways of ER-α36-mediated rapid estrogen signaling. The potential function and underlying mechanism of ER-α in development of ER-positive breast cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Reynolds LP, Haring JS, Johnson ML, Ashley RL, Redmer DA, Borowicz PP, Grazul-Bilska AT. Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: estrogen and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in pregnancies derived from in vivo-produced and in vitro-produced embryos. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:60-9. [PMID: 26119037 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids are important regulators of angiogenesis and growth in reproductive tissues, including the placenta. In experiment (exp.) 1, to examine the expression of a suite of sex steroid receptors throughout early pregnancy, maternal (caruncular [CAR]) and fetal (fetal membranes [FM]) placental tissues were collected on days 14 to 30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant controls). In exp. 2, to examine the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology would affect the expression of the same suite of sex steroid receptors, pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT) or transfer of embryos from natural mating (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA), and CAR and FM were collected on day 22. In exp. 1, for CAR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of estrogen receptors (ESR) 1 and 2, nuclear (n) progesterone receptors (PGR) and membrane (m) PGRα, β, and γ were affected (P < 0.02) by pregnancy stage, as were ESR1, nPGR, and mPGRα, β, and γ for FM (P < 0.03). In exp. 2, for CAR, mRNA expression of ESR1 and nPGR was decreased (P < 0.001) in NAT-ET, IVF, and IVA groups compared with NAT. For FM, mRNA expression of ESR1 tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in the IVA group compared with NAT and NAT-ET, and GPER1 was greater (P < 0.05) in NAT-ET and IVF compared with NAT. These data establish the normal pattern of sex steroid receptor mRNA expression in maternal and fetal placenta during early pregnancy in sheep, and in addition, suggest that altered expression of placental sex steroid receptors may be an early event leading to poor placental vascularization and growth after assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - J S Haring
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - R L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - P P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Bentur OS, Schwartz D, Chernichovski T, Ingbir M, Weinstein T, Chernin G, Schwartz IF. Estradiol augments while progesterone inhibits arginine transport in human endothelial cells through modulation of cationic amino acid transporter-1. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R421-7. [PMID: 26062636 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00532.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Decreased generation of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) characterizes endothelial dysfunction (ECD). Delivery of arginine to eNOS by cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) was shown to modulate eNOS activity. We found in female rats, but not in males, that CAT-1 activity is preserved with age and in chronic renal failure, two experimental models of ECD. In contrast, during pregnancy CAT-1 is inhibited. We hypothesize that female sex hormones regulate arginine transport. Arginine uptake in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was determined following incubation with either 17β-estradiol (E2) or progesterone. Exposure to E2 (50 and 100 nM) for 30 min resulted in a significant increase in arginine transport and reduction in phosphorylated CAT-1 (the inactive form) protein content. This was coupled with a decrease in phosphorylated MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Progesterone (1 and 100 pM for 30 min) attenuated arginine uptake and increased phosphorylated CAT-1, phosphorylated protein kinase Cα (PKCα), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein content. GO-6976 (PKCα inhibitor) prevented the progesterone-induced decrease in arginine transport. Coincubation with both progesterone and estrogen for 30 min resulted in attenuated arginine transport. While estradiol increases arginine transport and CAT-1 activity through modulation of constitutive signaling transduction pathways involving ERK, progesterone inhibits arginine transport and CAT-1 via both PKCα and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, an effect that predominates over estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad S Bentur
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Schwartz
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamara Chernichovski
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Ingbir
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Weinstein
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Chernin
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit F Schwartz
- Department of Nephrology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Curcuma oil reduces endothelial cell-mediated inflammation in postmyocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:228-36. [PMID: 24853488 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells initiated inflammation persisting in postmyocardial infarction needs to be controlled and moderated for avoiding fatal complications. Curcuma oil (C.oil, Herbal Medicament), a standardized hexane soluble fraction of Curcuma longa has possessed neuroprotective effect. However, its effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/RP) and endothelial cells remains incompletely defined. Here, using in vivo rat MI/RP injury model and in vitro cellular approaches using EA.hy926 endothelial cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and myograph, we provide evidence that with effective regimen and preconditioning of rats with C.oil (250 mg/kg, PO), before and after MI/RP surgery protects rats from MI/RP-induced injury. C.oil treatment reduces left ventricular ischemic area and endothelial cell-induced inflammation, specifically in the ischemic region (*P < 0.0001) and improved endothelial function by reducing the expression of proinflammatory genes and adhesion factors on endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have revealed that C.oil reduced the expression of adhesion factors like E-selectin (#P = 0.0016) and ICAM-1 ($P = 0.0069) in initiating endothelial cells-induced inflammation. In line to the real-time polymerase chain reaction expression data, C.oil reduced the adhesion of inflammatory cells to endothelial cells as assessed by the interaction of THP-1 monocytes with the endothelial cells using flow-based adhesion and under inflammatory conditions. These studies provide evidence that salutary effect of C.oil on MI/RP could be achieved with pretreatment and posttreatment of rats, C.oil reduced MI/RP-induced injury by reducing the endothelial cell-mediated inflammation, specifically in the ischemic zone of MI/RP rat heart.
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Chason RJ, Kang JH, Gerkowicz SA, Dufau ML, Catt KJ, Segars JH. GnRH agonist reduces estrogen receptor dimerization in GT1-7 cells: evidence for cross-talk between membrane-initiated estrogen and GnRH signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 404:67-74. [PMID: 25619861 PMCID: PMC4590284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2), a key participant on the initiation of the LH surge, exerts both positive and negative feedback on GnRH neurons. We sought to investigate potential interactions between estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) in GT1-7 cells. Radioligand binding studies demonstrated a significant decrease in saturation E2 binding in cells treated with GnRH agonist. Conversely, there was a significant reduction in GnRH binding in GT1-7 cells treated with E2. In BRET(1) experiments, ERα-ERα dimerization was suppressed in GT1-7 cells treated with GnRH agonist (p < 0.05). There was no evidence of direct interaction between ERs and GnRH-R. This study provides the first evidence of reduced ERα homodimerization by GnRH agonist. Collectively, these findings demonstrate significant cross-talk between membrane-initiated GnRH and E2 signaling in GT1-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Chason
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10 CRC, Room 1E-3140, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1109, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA
| | - Jung-Hoon Kang
- Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510, USA
| | - Sabrina A Gerkowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maria L Dufau
- Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510, USA
| | - Kevin J Catt
- Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, Section on Hormonal Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James H Segars
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10 CRC, Room 1E-3140, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1109, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA.
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Joshua J, Schwaerzer GK, Kalyanaraman H, Cory E, Sah RL, Li M, Vaida F, Boss GR, Pilz RB. Soluble guanylate cyclase as a novel treatment target for osteoporosis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4720-30. [PMID: 25188528 PMCID: PMC4239425 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem leading to fractures that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Current osteoporosis therapies have significant drawbacks, creating a need for novel bone-anabolic agents. We previously showed that the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G pathway mediates some of the anabolic effects of estrogens and mechanical stimulation in osteoblasts and osteocytes, leading us to hypothesize that cGMP-elevating agents may have bone-protective effects. We tested cinaciguat, a prototype of a novel class of soluble guanylate cyclase activators, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Compared with sham-operated mice, ovariectomized mice had lower serum cGMP concentrations, which were largely restored to normal by treatment with cinaciguat or low-dose 17β-estradiol. Microcomputed tomography of tibiae showed that cinaciguat significantly improved trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized animals, with effect sizes similar to those obtained with estrogen replacement therapy. Cinaciguat reversed ovariectomy-induced osteocyte apoptosis as efficiently as estradiol and enhanced bone formation parameters in vivo, consistent with in vitro effects on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Compared with 17β-estradiol, which completely reversed the ovariectomy-induced increase in osteoclast number, cinaciguat had little effect on osteoclasts. Direct guanylate cyclase stimulators have been extremely well tolerated in clinical trials of cardiovascular diseases, and our findings provide proof-of-concept for this new class of drugs as a novel, anabolic treatment strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis, confirming an important role of nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Joshua
- Departments of Medicine (J.J., G.K.S., H.K., G.R.B., R.B.P.), Bioengineering (E.C., R.S.S.), Mathematics (M.L.), and Family and Preventive Medicine (F.V.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0652
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Ortona E, Pierdominici M, Berstein L. Autoantibodies to estrogen receptors and their involvement in autoimmune diseases and cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:260-7. [PMID: 25038321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of estrogens, which influence many physiologic processes, has been shown in the development or progression of several diseases including some cancers, most notably breast cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Estrogenic signal is transferred via estrogen receptors (ER) which have dual localization, predominantly intracellular but also in plasma membrane. The discovery of membrane-associated ER (mER) has greatly expanded our understanding of estrogen action; upon ligand binding, mER rapidly activate different signaling pathways inducing downstream transcription factors. Some target genes of the mER pathway may be activated independently of the intracellular ER. Additionally, intracellular ER action can be modulated by mER-initiated signaling. Most notably, the identification of autoantibodies reacting with ER (ERAB) and their possible pathogenic role in autoimmunity and cancer have opened a new path for the research in the estrogen-related receptor activity. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the localization and function of ER and mostly discuss the possible role of ERAB as novel potential prognostic and/or predictive tools in autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortona
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lev Berstein
- Laboratory of Oncoendocrinology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zhang X, Deng H, Wang ZY. Estrogen activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by ER-α36 in ER-positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:434-43. [PMID: 24973581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that there are two estrogen-signaling pathways, genomic estrogen signaling and non-genomic or rapid estrogen signaling. Although both ER-α and ER-β have been suggested to mediate both genomic and non-genomic estrogen signaling, rapid estrogen signaling such as activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling in ER-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells has been controversial. Previously, our laboratory cloned a 36kDa variant of ER-α, ER-α36, that is mainly localized at the plasma membrane and is able to mediate rapid estrogen signaling. In this study, we investigated the function and the underlying mechanisms of ER-α36 in rapid estrogen signaling of ER-positive breast cancer cells. ER-positive breast cancer cells MCF7, T47D and H3396 as well as their variants with different levels of ER-α and ER-α36 expression were used to examine estrogen induction of the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling. The underlying mechanisms were also studied in these cells with the neutralizing antibodies and chemical inhibitors against different growth factors and their receptors. We found that ER-α36 mediated estrogen induction of the MAPK/ERK phosphorylation in ER-positive breast cancer cells while the full-length ER-α failed to do so. The rapid estrogen signaling mediated by ER-α36 involved a orchestrated action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2/Neu and Src. Our results thus indicated that ER-α36 is the estrogen receptor that mediates estrogen induction of the MAPK/ERK signaling in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinTian Zhang
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhao-Yi Wang
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA.
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