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Tóth AD, Szalai B, Kovács OT, Garger D, Prokop S, Soltész-Katona E, Balla A, Inoue A, Várnai P, Turu G, Hunyady L. G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis generates spatiotemporal bias in β-arrestin signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi0934. [PMID: 38917219 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The stabilization of different active conformations of G protein-coupled receptors is thought to underlie the varying efficacies of biased and balanced agonists. Here, profiling the activation of signal transducers by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonists revealed that the extent and kinetics of β-arrestin binding exhibited substantial ligand-dependent differences, which were lost when receptor internalization was inhibited. When AT1R endocytosis was prevented, even weak partial agonists of the β-arrestin pathway acted as full or near-full agonists, suggesting that receptor conformation did not exclusively determine β-arrestin recruitment. The ligand-dependent variance in β-arrestin translocation was much larger at endosomes than at the plasma membrane, showing that ligand efficacy in the β-arrestin pathway was spatiotemporally determined. Experimental investigations and mathematical modeling demonstrated how multiple factors concurrently shaped the effects of agonists on endosomal receptor-β-arrestin binding and thus determined the extent of functional selectivity. Ligand dissociation rate and G protein activity had particularly strong, internalization-dependent effects on the receptor-β-arrestin interaction. We also showed that endocytosis regulated the agonist efficacies of two other receptors with sustained β-arrestin binding: the V2 vasopressin receptor and a mutant β2-adrenergic receptor. In the absence of endocytosis, the agonist-dependent variance in β-arrestin2 binding was markedly diminished. Our results suggest that endocytosis determines the spatiotemporal bias in GPCR signaling and can aid in the development of more efficacious, functionally selective compounds.
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MESH Headings
- Endocytosis/physiology
- Humans
- Signal Transduction
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- beta-Arrestins/metabolism
- beta-Arrestins/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Animals
- Ligands
- Protein Binding
- Protein Transport
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szalai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya T Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Garger
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Research Network, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Research Network, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang T, Shao J, Kumar S, Alnouri MW, Carvalho J, Günther S, Krasel C, Murphy KT, Bünemann M, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. Orphan GPCR GPRC5C Facilitates Angiotensin II-Induced Smooth Muscle Contraction. Circ Res 2024; 134:1259-1275. [PMID: 38597112 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) play a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility, but the function of SMC-expressed orphan GPCR class C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) is unclear. The aim of this project is to define the role of GPRC5C in SMC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We studied the role of GPRC5C in the regulation of SMC contractility and differentiation in human and murine SMC in vitro, as well as in tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice under basal conditions and in vascular disease in vivo. RESULTS Mesenteric arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed ex vivo significantly reduced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent calcium mobilization and contraction, whereas responses to other relaxant or contractile factors were normal. In vitro, the knockdown of GPRC5C in human aortic SMC resulted in diminished Ang II-dependent inositol phosphate production and lower myosin light chain phosphorylation. In line with this, tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed reduced Ang II-induced arterial hypertension, and acute inactivation of GPRC5C was able to ameliorate established arterial hypertension. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5C and the Ang II receptor AT1 dimerize, and knockdown of GPRC5C resulted in reduced binding of Ang II to AT1 receptors in HEK293 cells, human and murine SMC, and arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that GPRC5C regulates Ang II-dependent vascular contraction by facilitating AT1 receptor-ligand binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shamit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mohammad Wessam Alnouri
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jorge Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (S.G.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.T.M.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany (C.K., M.B.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology (T.W., J.S., S.K., M.W.A., J.C., S.O., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Frankfurt/Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.O., N.W.)
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Liang J, Seghiri M, Singh PK, Seo HG, Lee JY, Jo Y, Song YB, Park C, Zalicki P, Jeong JY, Huh WK, Caculitan NG, Smith AW. The β2-adrenergic receptor associates with CXCR4 multimers in human cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304897121. [PMID: 38547061 PMCID: PMC10998613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304897121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While the existence and functional role of class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) dimers is well established, there is still a lack of consensus regarding class A and B GPCR multimerization. This lack of consensus is largely due to the inherent challenges of demonstrating the presence of multimeric receptor complexes in a physiologically relevant cellular context. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a class A GPCR that is a promising target of anticancer therapy. Here, we investigated the potential of CXCR4 to form multimeric complexes with other GPCRs and characterized the relative size of the complexes in a live-cell environment. Using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, we identified the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) as an interaction partner. To investigate the molecular scale details of CXCR4-β2AR interactions, we used a time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy method called pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (PIE-FCCS). PIE-FCCS can resolve membrane protein density, diffusion, and multimerization state in live cells at physiological expression levels. We probed CXCR4 and β2AR homo- and heteromultimerization in model cell lines and found that CXCR4 assembles into multimeric complexes larger than dimers in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and in HCC4006 human lung cancer cells. We also found that β2AR associates with CXCR4 multimers in MDA-MB-231 and HCC4006 cells to a higher degree than in COS-7 and CHO cells and in a ligand-dependent manner. These results suggest that CXCR4-β2AR heteromers are present in human cancer cells and that GPCR multimerization is significantly affected by the plasma membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
| | - Mohamed Seghiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Hyeon Gyu Seo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
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4
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Sakama A, Orioka M, Hiruta Y. Current advances in the development of bioluminescent probes toward spatiotemporal trans-scale imaging. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e211004. [PMID: 39175853 PMCID: PMC11338684 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.s004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging has recently attracted great attention as a highly sensitive and non-invasive analytical method. However, weak signal and low chemical stability of the luciferin are conventional drawbacks of bioluminescence imaging. In this review article, we describe the recent progress on the development and applications of bioluminescent probes for overcoming the aforementioned limitations, thereby enabling spatiotemporal trans-scale imaging. The detailed molecular design for manipulation of their luminescent properties and functions enabled a variety of applications, including in vivo deep tissue imaging, long-term imaging, and chemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sakama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mariko Orioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Chen G, Obal D. Detecting and measuring of GPCR signaling - comparison of human induced pluripotent stem cells and immortal cell lines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1179600. [PMID: 37293485 PMCID: PMC10244570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of transmembrane proteins that play a major role in many physiological processes, and thus GPCR-targeted drug development has been widely promoted. Although research findings generated in immortal cell lines have contributed to the advancement of the GPCR field, the homogenous genetic backgrounds, and the overexpression of GPCRs in these cell lines make it difficult to correlate the results with clinical patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to overcome these limitations, because they contain patient specific genetic information and can differentiate into numerous cell types. To detect GPCRs in hiPSCs, highly selective labeling and sensitive imaging techniques are required. This review summarizes existing resonance energy transfer and protein complementation assay technologies, as well as existing and new labeling methods. The difficulties of extending existing detection methods to hiPSCs are discussed, as well as the potential of hiPSCs to expand GPCR research towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Kotliar IB, Lorenzen E, Schwenk JM, Hay DL, Sakmar TP. Elucidating the Interactome of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1-34. [PMID: 36757898 PMCID: PMC9832379 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to interact with several other classes of integral membrane proteins that modulate their biology and pharmacology. However, the extent of these interactions and the mechanisms of their effects are not well understood. For example, one class of GPCR-interacting proteins, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), comprise three related and ubiquitously expressed single-transmembrane span proteins. The RAMP family was discovered more than two decades ago, and since then GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences on receptor trafficking and ligand selectivity have been documented for several secretin (class B) GPCRs, most notably the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Recent bioinformatics and multiplexed experimental studies suggest that GPCR-RAMP interactions might be much more widespread than previously anticipated. Recently, cryo-electron microscopy has provided high-resolution structures of GPCR-RAMP-ligand complexes, and drugs have been developed that target GPCR-RAMP complexes. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in techniques that allow the discovery of GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences and highlight prospects for future advances. We also provide an up-to-date list of reported GPCR-RAMP interactions based on a review of the current literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have emerged as modulators of many aspects of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)biology and pharmacology. The application of new methodologies to study membrane protein-protein interactions suggests that RAMPs interact with many more GPCRs than had been previously known. These findings, especially when combined with structural studies of membrane protein complexes, have significant implications for advancing GPCR-targeted drug discovery and the understanding of GPCR pharmacology, biology, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
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7
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Pharmacological chaperone-rescued cystic fibrosis CFTR-F508del mutant overcomes PRAF2-gated access to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:530. [PMID: 36167862 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum exit of some polytopic plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) is controlled by arginin-based retention motifs. PRAF2, a gatekeeper which recognizes these motifs, was shown to retain the GABAB-receptor GB1 subunit in the ER. We report that PRAF2 can interact on a stoichiometric basis with both wild type and mutant F508del Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), preventing the access of newly synthesized cargo to ER exit sites. Because of its lower abundance, compared to wild-type CFTR, CFTR-F508del recruitment into COPII vesicles is suppressed by the ER-resident PRAF2. We also demonstrate that some pharmacological chaperones that efficiently rescue CFTR-F508del loss of function in CF patients target CFTR-F508del retention by PRAF2 operating with various mechanisms. Our findings open new therapeutic perspectives for diseases caused by the impaired cell surface trafficking of mutant PMPs, which contain RXR-based retention motifs that might be recognized by PRAF2.
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8
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Wall MJ, Hill E, Huckstepp R, Barkan K, Deganutti G, Leuenberger M, Preti B, Winfield I, Carvalho S, Suchankova A, Wei H, Safitri D, Huang X, Imlach W, La Mache C, Dean E, Hume C, Hayward S, Oliver J, Zhao FY, Spanswick D, Reynolds CA, Lochner M, Ladds G, Frenguelli BG. Selective activation of Gαob by an adenosine A 1 receptor agonist elicits analgesia without cardiorespiratory depression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4150. [PMID: 35851064 PMCID: PMC9293909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic agonists for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is hampered by the propensity of GPCRs to couple to multiple intracellular signalling pathways. This promiscuous coupling leads to numerous downstream cellular effects, some of which are therapeutically undesirable. This is especially the case for adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) whose clinical potential is undermined by the sedation and cardiorespiratory depression caused by conventional agonists. We have discovered that the A1R-selective agonist, benzyloxy-cyclopentyladenosine (BnOCPA), is a potent and powerful analgesic but does not cause sedation, bradycardia, hypotension or respiratory depression. This unprecedented discrimination between native A1Rs arises from BnOCPA's unique and exquisitely selective activation of Gob among the six Gαi/o subtypes, and in the absence of β-arrestin recruitment. BnOCPA thus demonstrates a highly-specific Gα-selective activation of the native A1R, sheds new light on GPCR signalling, and reveals new possibilities for the development of novel therapeutics based on the far-reaching concept of selective Gα agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Emily Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert Huckstepp
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Preti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Winfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Sabrina Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Anna Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Xianglin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Wendy Imlach
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Circe La Mache
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eve Dean
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Cherise Hume
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Stephanie Hayward
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jess Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - David Spanswick
- NeuroSolutions Ltd, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Bruno G Frenguelli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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9
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Guo S, Zhao T, Yun Y, Xie X. Recent Progress in Assays for GPCR Drug Discovery. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C583-C594. [PMID: 35816640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as 7 transmembrane receptors, are the largest family of cell surface receptors in eukaryotes. There are ~800 GPCRs in human, regulating diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are the most intensively studied drug targets. Drugs that target GPCRs account for about a quarter of the global market share of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, to develop physiologically relevant and robust assays to search new GPCR ligands or modulators remain the major focus of drug discovery research worldwide. Early functional GPCR assays are mainly depend on the measurement of G protein-mediated second messenger generation. Recent development in GPCR biology indicate the signaling of these receptors is much more complex than the oversimplified classical view. GPCRs have been found to activate multiple G proteins simultaneously and induce b-arrestin-mediated signaling. GPCRs have also been found to interacte with other cytosolic scaffolding proteins and form dimer or heteromer with GPCRs or other transmembrane proteins. Here we mainly discuss technologies focused on detecting protein-protein interactions, such as FRET/BRET, NanoBiT, Tango, etc, and their applications in measuring GPCRs interacting with various signaling partners. In the final part, we also discuss the species differences in GPCRs when using animal models to study the in vivofunctions of GPCR ligands, and possible ways to solve this problem with modern genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Guo
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yun
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
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10
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Yue Y, Liu L, Wu LJ, Wu Y, Wang L, Li F, Liu J, Han GW, Chen B, Lin X, Brouillette RL, Breault É, Longpré JM, Shi S, Lei H, Sarret P, Stevens RC, Hanson MA, Xu F. Structural insight into apelin receptor-G protein stoichiometry. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:688-697. [PMID: 35817871 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The technique of cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized the field of membrane protein structure and function with a focus on the dominantly observed molecular species. This report describes the structural characterization of a fully active human apelin receptor (APJR) complexed with heterotrimeric G protein observed in both 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometric ratios. We use cryo-EM single-particle analysis to determine the structural details of both species from the same sample preparation. Protein preparations, in the presence of the endogenous peptide ligand ELA or a synthetic small molecule, both demonstrate these mixed stoichiometric states. Structural differences in G protein engagement between dimeric and monomeric APJR suggest a role for the stoichiometry of G protein-coupled receptor- (GPCR-)G protein coupling on downstream signaling and receptor pharmacology. Furthermore, a small, hydrophobic dimer interface provides a starting framework for additional class A GPCR dimerization studies. Together, these findings uncover a mechanism of versatile regulation through oligomerization by which GPCRs can modulate their signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lier Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gye-Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rebecca L Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émile Breault
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Songting Shi
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology at Sherbrooke, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Structure Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Groß VE, Gershkovich MM, Schöneberg T, Kaiser A, Prömel S. NanoBRET in C. elegans illuminates functional receptor interactions in real time. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 35100990 PMCID: PMC8805316 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-protein interactions form the basis of every organism and thus, investigating their dynamics, intracellular protein localization, trafficking and interactions of distinct proteins such as receptors and their ligand-binding are of general interest. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a powerful tool to investigate these aspects in vitro. Since in vitro approaches mostly neglect the more complex in vivo situation, we established BRET as an in vivo tool for studying protein interactions in the nematode C. elegans. Results We generated worms expressing NanoBRET sensors and elucidated the interaction of two ligand-G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pairs, the neuropeptide receptor NPR-11 and the Adhesion GPCR LAT-1. Furthermore, we adapted the enhanced bystander BRET technology to measure subcellular protein localization. Using this approach, we traced ligand-induced internalization of NPR-11 in vivo. Conclusions Our results indicate that in vivo NanoBRET is a tool to investigate specific protein interactions and localization in a physiological setting in real time in the living organism C. elegans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00405-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Elisabeth Groß
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simone Prömel
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Exploring the signaling space of a GPCR using bivalent ligands with a rigid oligoproline backbone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108776118. [PMID: 34810259 PMCID: PMC8640787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108776118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major players in cellular signal transmission. In this work, we have used rigid oligoproline backbones derivatized with two ligands at defined distances to induce GPCR dimer formation as a way to alter its signaling profile. We show that bivalent ligands at distances of 20 and 30 Å induce dimers of the GRPR receptor with different signaling responses. In addition, a nondimer–inducing bivalent ligand (with 10-Å distance between agonists) also induces different signaling patterns, most likely due to allosteric effects. These findings identify bivalent ligands with a stiff oligoproline backbone as tools to explore the natural signaling space of GPCRs. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important drug–target classes in pharmaceutical industry. Their diversity in signaling, which can be modulated with drugs, permits the design of more effective and better-tolerated therapeutics. In this work, we have used rigid oligoproline backbones to generate bivalent ligands for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) with a fixed distance between their recognition motifs. This allows the stabilization of GPCR dimers irrespective of their physiological occurrence and relevance, thus expanding the space for medicinal chemistry. Specifically, we observed that compounds presenting agonists or antagonists at 20- and 30-Å distance induce GRPR dimerization. Furthermore, we found that 1) compounds with two agonists at 20- and 30-Å distance that induce dimer formation show bias toward Gq efficacy, 2) dimers with 20- and 30-Å distance have different potencies toward β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2, and 3) the divalent agonistic ligand with 10-Å distance specifically reduces Gq potency without affecting β-arrestin recruitment, pointing toward an allosteric effect. In summary, we show that rigid oligoproline backbones represent a tool to develop ligands with biased GPCR signaling.
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13
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KUMADA R, ORIOKA M, CITTERIO D, HIRUTA Y. Fluorescent and Bioluminescent Probes based on Precise Molecular Design. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rei KUMADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
| | | | | | - Yuki HIRUTA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
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14
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Sefah E, Mertz B. Bacterial Analogs to Cholesterol Affect Dimerization of Proteorhodopsin and Modulates Preferred Dimer Interface. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2502-2512. [PMID: 33788568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hopanoids, the bacterial analogues of sterols, are ubiquitous in bacteria and play a significant role in organismal survival under stressful environments. Unlike sterols, hopanoids have a high degree of variation in the size and chemical nature of the substituent attached to the ring moiety, leading to different effects on the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. While it is understood that hopanoids can indirectly tune membrane physical properties, little is known on the role that hopanoids may play in affecting the organization and behavior of bacterial membrane proteins. In this work we used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the effects of two hopanoids, diploptene (DPT) and bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT), on the oligomerization of proteorhodopsin (PR) in a model membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG). PR is a bacterial membrane protein that functions as a light-activated proton pump. We chose PR based on its ability to adopt a distribution of oligomeric states in different membrane environments. Furthermore, the efficiency of proton pumping in PR is intimately linked to its organization into oligomers. Our results reveal that both BHT and DPT indirectly affect dimerization by tuning membrane properties in a fashion that is concentration-dependent. Variation in their interaction with PR in the membrane-embedded and the cytoplasmic regions leads to distinctly different effects on the plasticity of the dimer interface. BHT has the ability to intercalate between monomers in the dimeric interface, whereas DPT shifts dimerization interactions via packing of the interleaflet region of the membrane. Our results show a direct relationship between hopanoid structure and lateral organization of PR, providing a first glimpse at how these bacterial analogues to eukaryotic sterols produce very similar biophysical effects within the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sefah
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Blake Mertz
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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15
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Optical approaches for single-cell and subcellular analysis of GPCR-G protein signaling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4481-4508. [PMID: 30927013 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G proteins, and their signaling associates are major signal transducers that control the majority of cellular signaling and regulate key biological functions including immune, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes. These pathways are targeted by over one-third of drugs on the market; however, the current understanding of their function is limited and primarily derived from cell-destructive approaches providing an ensemble of static, multi-cell information about the status and composition of molecules. Spatiotemporal behavior of molecules involved is crucial to understanding in vivo cell behaviors both in health and disease, and the advent of genetically encoded fluorescence proteins and small fluorophore-based biosensors has facilitated the mapping of dynamic signaling in cells with subcellular acuity. Since we and others have developed optogenetic methods to regulate GPCR-G protein signaling in single cells and subcellular regions using dedicated wavelengths, the desire to develop and adopt optogenetically amenable assays to measure signaling has motivated us to take a broader look at the available optical tools and approaches compatible with measuring single-cell and subcellular GPCR-G protein signaling. Here we review such key optical approaches enabling the examination of GPCR, G protein, secondary messenger, and downstream molecules such as kinase and lipid signaling in living cells. The methods reviewed employ both fluorescence and bioluminescence detection. We not only further elaborate the underlying principles of these sensors but also discuss the experimental criteria and limitations to be considered during their use in single-cell and subcellular signal mapping.
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16
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Smith JS, Nicholson LT, Suwanpradid J, Glenn RA, Knape NM, Alagesan P, Gundry JN, Wehrman TS, Atwater AR, Gunn MD, MacLeod AS, Rajagopal S. Biased agonists of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 differentially control chemotaxis and inflammation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/555/eaaq1075. [PMID: 30401786 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a central role in inflammation by mediating effector/memory T cell migration in various diseases; however, drugs targeting CXCR3 and other chemokine receptors are largely ineffective in treating inflammation. Chemokines, the endogenous peptide ligands of chemokine receptors, can exhibit so-called biased agonism by selectively activating either G protein- or β-arrestin-mediated signaling after receptor binding. Biased agonists might be used as more targeted therapeutics to differentially regulate physiological responses, such as immune cell migration. To test whether CXCR3-mediated physiological responses could be segregated by G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling, we identified and characterized small-molecule biased agonists of the receptor. In a mouse model of T cell-mediated allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS), topical application of a β-arrestin-biased, but not a G protein-biased, agonist potentiated inflammation. T cell recruitment was increased by the β-arrestin-biased agonist, and biopsies of patients with allergic CHS demonstrated coexpression of CXCR3 and β-arrestin in T cells. In mouse and human T cells, the β-arrestin-biased agonist was the most efficient at stimulating chemotaxis. Analysis of phosphorylated proteins in human lymphocytes showed that β-arrestin-biased signaling activated the kinase Akt, which promoted T cell migration. This study demonstrates that biased agonists of CXCR3 produce distinct physiological effects, suggesting discrete roles for different endogenous CXCR3 ligands and providing evidence that biased signaling can affect the clinical utility of drugs targeting CXCR3 and other chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel A Glenn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicole M Knape
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priya Alagesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jaimee N Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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17
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Li Y, Yang P, Lei N, Ma Y, Ji Y, Zhu C, Wu Y. Assembly of DNA-Templated Bioluminescent Modules for Amplified Detection of Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11495-11502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoting Ji
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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18
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Wang A, Feng J, Li Y, Zou P. Beyond Fluorescent Proteins: Hybrid and Bioluminescent Indicators for Imaging Neural Activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:639-650. [PMID: 29482322 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical biosensors have been invaluable tools in neuroscience research, as they provide the ability to directly visualize neural activity in real time, with high specificity, and with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. Notably, a majority of these sensors are based on fluorescent protein scaffolds, which offer the ability to target specific cell types or even subcellular compartments. However, fluorescent proteins are intrinsically bulky tags, often insensitive to the environment, and always require excitation light illumination. To address these limitations, there has been a proliferation of alternative sensor scaffolds developed in recent years, including hybrid sensors that combine the advantages of synthetic fluorophores and genetically encoded protein tags, as well as bioluminescent probes. While still in their early stage of development as compared with fluorescent protein-based sensors, these novel probes have offered complementary solutions to interrogate various aspects of neuronal communication, including transmitter release, changes in membrane potential, and the production of second messengers. In this Review, we discuss these important new developments with a particular focus on design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Wong PC, Seiffert D, Bird JE, Watson CA, Bostwick JS, Giancarli M, Allegretto N, Hua J, Harden D, Guay J, Callejo M, Miller MM, Lawrence RM, Banville J, Guy J, Maxwell BD, Priestley ES, Marinier A, Wexler RR, Bouvier M, Gordon DA, Schumacher WA, Yang J. Blockade of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) provides robust antithrombotic activity with low bleeding. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/371/eaaf5294. [PMID: 28053157 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents are proven efficacious treatments for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the existing drugs are compromised by unwanted and sometimes life-threatening bleeding that limits drug usage or dosage. There is a substantial unmet medical need for an antiplatelet drug with strong efficacy and low bleeding risk. Thrombin is a potent platelet agonist that directly induces platelet activation via the G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR4. A PAR1 antagonist is approved for clinical use, but its use is limited by a substantial bleeding risk. Conversely, the potential of PAR4 as an antiplatelet target has not been well characterized. Using anti-PAR4 antibodies, we demonstrated a low bleeding risk and an effective antithrombotic profile with PAR4 inhibition in guinea pigs. Subsequently, high-throughput screening and an extensive medicinal chemistry effort resulted in the discovery of BMS-986120, an orally active, selective, and reversible PAR4 antagonist. In a cynomolgus monkey arterial thrombosis model, BMS-986120 demonstrated potent and highly efficacious antithrombotic activity. BMS-986120 also exhibited a low bleeding liability and a markedly wider therapeutic window compared to the standard antiplatelet agent clopidogrel tested in the same nonhuman primate model. These preclinical findings define the biological role of PAR4 in mediating platelet aggregation. In addition, they indicate that targeting PAR4 is an attractive antiplatelet strategy with the potential to treat patients at a high risk of atherothrombosis with superior safety compared with the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancras C Wong
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | - Dietmar Seiffert
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - J Eileen Bird
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Carol A Watson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bostwick
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Mary Giancarli
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Nick Allegretto
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Ji Hua
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - David Harden
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Jocelyne Guay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mario Callejo
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael M Miller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | - Jacques Banville
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julia Guy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brad D Maxwell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - E Scott Priestley
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 350 Carter Road, Hopewell, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Anne Marinier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 350 Carter Road, Hopewell, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David A Gordon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - William A Schumacher
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
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20
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Functional New World monkey oxytocin forms elicit an altered signaling profile and promotes parental care in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9044-9049. [PMID: 28784762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711687114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurohormone oxytocin is a key player in the modulation of reproductive and social behavioral traits, such as parental care. Recently, a correlation between different forms of oxytocin and behavioral phenotypes has been described in the New World Monkeys (NWMs). Here, we demonstrate that, compared with the Leu8OXT found in most placental mammals, the Cebidae Pro8OXT and Saguinus Val3Pro8OXT taxon-specific variants act as equi-efficacious agonists for the Gq-dependent pathway but are weaker agonists for the β-arrestin engagement and subsequent endocytosis toward the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). Upon interaction with the AVPR1a, Pro8OXT and the common Leu8OXT yielded similar signaling profiles, being equally efficacious on Gq and β-arrestin, while Val3Pro8OXT showed reduced relative efficacy toward β-arrestin. Intranasal treatment with either of the variants increased maternal behavior and also promoted unusual paternal care in rats, as measured by pup-retrieval tests. We therefore suggest that Val3Pro8OXT and Pro8OXT are functional variants, which might have been evolutionarily co-opted as an essential part of the adaptive genetic repertoire that allowed the emergence of taxon-specific complex social behaviors, such as intense parental care in the Cebidae and the genus Saguinus.
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21
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ErbB2 regulates autophagic flux to modulate the proteostasis of APP-CTFs in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3129-E3138. [PMID: 28351972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618804114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) C-terminal fragments (CTFs) by γ-secretase underlies the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An RNA interference screen using APP-CTF [99-residue CTF (C99)]- and Notch-specific γ-secretase interaction assays identified a unique ErbB2-centered signaling network that was predicted to preferentially govern the proteostasis of APP-C99. Consistently, significantly elevated levels of ErbB2 were confirmed in the hippocampus of human AD brains. We then found that ErbB2 effectively suppressed autophagic flux by physically dissociating Beclin-1 from the Vps34-Vps15 complex independent of its kinase activity. Down-regulation of ErbB2 by CL-387,785 decreased the levels of C99 and secreted amyloid-β in cellular, zebrafish, and mouse models of AD, through the activation of autophagy. Oral administration of an ErbB2-targeted CL-387,785 for 3 wk significantly improves the cognitive functions of APP/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. This work unveils a noncanonical function of ErbB2 in modulating autophagy and establishes ErbB2 as a therapeutic target for AD.
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22
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Jastrzebska B, Comar WD, Kaliszewski MJ, Skinner KC, Torcasio MH, Esway AS, Jin H, Palczewski K, Smith AW. A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dimerization Interface in Human Cone Opsins. Biochemistry 2017; 56:61-72. [PMID: 28045251 PMCID: PMC5274527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) detect a wide variety of physical and chemical signals and transmit that information across the cellular plasma membrane. Dimerization is a proposed modulator of GPCR signaling, but the structure and stability of class A GPCR dimerization have been difficult to establish. Here we investigated the dimerization affinity and binding interface of human cone opsins, which initiate and sustain daytime color vision. Using a time-resolved fluorescence approach, we found that human red cone opsin exhibits a strong propensity for dimerization, whereas the green and blue cone opsins do not. Through mutagenesis experiments, we identified a dimerization interface in the fifth transmembrane helix of human red cone opsin involving amino acids I230, A233, and M236. Insights into this dimerization interface of red cone opsin should aid ongoing investigations of the structure and function of GPCR quaternary interactions in cell signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that the same residues needed for dimerization are also partially responsible for the spectral tuning of red cone opsin. This last observation has the potential to open up new lines of inquiry regarding the functional role of dimerization for red cone opsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William D. Comar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Megan J. Kaliszewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Kevin C. Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Morgan H. Torcasio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Anthony S. Esway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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23
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Costa-Neto CM, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Bouvier M. A Pluridimensional View of Biased Agonism. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:587-595. [PMID: 27638872 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When studying G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and ligand-biased agonism, at least three dimensional spaces must be considered, as follows: 1) the distinct conformations that can be stabilized by different ligands promoting the engagement of different signaling effectors and accessory regulators; 2) the distinct subcellular trafficking that can be conferred by different ligands, which results in spatially distinct signals; and 3) the differential binding kinetics that maintain the receptor in specific conformation and/or subcellular localization for different periods of time, allowing for the engagement of distinct signaling effector subsets. These three pluridimensional aspects of signaling contribute to different faces of functional selectivity and provide a complex, interconnected way to define the signaling profile of each individual ligand acting at GPCRs. In this review, we discuss how each of these aspects may contribute to the diversity of signaling, but also how they shed light on the complexity of data analyses and interpretation. The impact of phenotype variability as a source of signaling diversity, and the influence of novel and more sensitive assays in the detection and analysis of signaling pluridimensionality, is also discussed. Finally, we discuss perspectives for the use of the concept of pluridimensional signaling in drug discovery, in which we highlight future predictive tools that may facilitate the identification of compounds with optimal therapeutic and safety properties based on the signaling signatures of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Costa-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (C.M.C.-N., L.T.P.-S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada (L.T.P.-S., M.B.)
| | - Lucas T Parreiras-E-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (C.M.C.-N., L.T.P.-S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada (L.T.P.-S., M.B.)
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (C.M.C.-N., L.T.P.-S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada (L.T.P.-S., M.B.)
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24
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Shivnaraine RV, Fernandes DD, Ji H, Li Y, Kelly B, Zhang Z, Han YR, Huang F, Sankar KS, Dubins DN, Rocheleau JV, Wells JW, Gradinaru CC. Single-Molecule Analysis of the Supramolecular Organization of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor and the Gαi1 Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11583-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra V. Shivnaraine
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Dennis D. Fernandes
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Huiqiao Ji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yuchong Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Brendan Kelly
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Krembil Research
Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Zhenfu Zhang
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yi Rang Han
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fei Huang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Krishana S. Sankar
- Department
of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David N. Dubins
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jonathan V. Rocheleau
- Department
of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute
of Biomedical and Biomaterial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - James W. Wells
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Claudiu C. Gradinaru
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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25
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Tian H, Fürstenberg A, Huber T. Labeling and Single-Molecule Methods To Monitor G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dynamics. Chem Rev 2016; 117:186-245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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26
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Mo XL, Luo Y, Ivanov AA, Su R, Havel JJ, Li Z, Khuri FR, Du Y, Fu H. Enabling systematic interrogation of protein-protein interactions in live cells with a versatile ultra-high-throughput biosensor platform. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 8:271-81. [PMID: 26578655 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genomics studies have generated vast resources for in-depth understanding of vital biological and pathological processes. A rising challenge is to leverage such enormous information to rapidly decipher the intricate protein-protein interactions (PPIs) for functional characterization and therapeutic interventions. While a number of powerful technologies have been employed to detect PPIs, a singular PPI biosensor platform with both high sensitivity and robustness in a mammalian cell environment remains to be established. Here we describe the development and integration of a highly sensitive NanoLuc luciferase-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technology, termed BRET(n), which enables ultra-high-throughput (uHTS) PPI detection in live cells with streamlined co-expression of biosensors in a miniaturized format. We further demonstrate the application of BRET(n) in uHTS format in chemical biology research, including the discovery of chemical probes that disrupt PRAS40 dimerization and pathway connectivity profiling among core members of the Hippo signaling pathway. Such hippo pathway profiling not only confirmed previously reported PPIs, but also revealed two novel interactions, suggesting new mechanisms for regulation of Hippo signaling. Our BRET(n) biosensor platform with uHTS capability is expected to accelerate systematic PPI network mapping and PPI modulator-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Andrei A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rina Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Dermatology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jonathan J Havel
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zenggang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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27
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Poreba M, Szalek A, Kasperkiewicz P, Rut W, Salvesen GS, Drag M. Small Molecule Active Site Directed Tools for Studying Human Caspases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12546-629. [PMID: 26551511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are proteases of clan CD and were described for the first time more than two decades ago. They play critical roles in the control of regulated cell death pathways including apoptosis and inflammation. Due to their involvement in the development of various diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or autoimmune disorders, caspases have been intensively investigated as potential drug targets, both in academic and industrial laboratories. This review presents a thorough, deep, and systematic assessment of all technologies developed over the years for the investigation of caspase activity and specificity using substrates and inhibitors, as well as activity based probes, which in recent years have attracted considerable interest due to their usefulness in the investigation of biological functions of this family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szalek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Rut
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Program in Cell Death and Survival Networks, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Piscitelli CL, Kean J, de Graaf C, Deupi X. A Molecular Pharmacologist's Guide to G Protein-Coupled Receptor Crystallography. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:536-51. [PMID: 26152196 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology has progressed dramatically in the last decade. There are now over 120 GPCR crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank of 32 different receptors from families scattered across the phylogenetic tree, including class B, C, and Frizzled GPCRs. These structures have been obtained in combination with a wide variety of ligands and captured in a range of conformational states. This surge in structural knowledge has enlightened research into the molecular recognition of biologically active molecules, the mechanisms of receptor activation, the dynamics of functional selectivity, and fueled structure-based drug design efforts for GPCRs. Here we summarize the innovations in both protein engineering/molecular biology and crystallography techniques that have led to these advances in GPCR structural biology and discuss how they may influence the resulting structural models. We also provide a brief molecular pharmacologist's guide to GPCR X-ray crystallography, outlining some key aspects in the process of structure determination, with the goal to encourage noncrystallographers to interrogate structures at the molecular level. Finally, we show how chemogenomics approaches can be used to marry the wealth of existing receptor pharmacology data with the expanding repertoire of structures, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanistic details of GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayne L Piscitelli
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry (C.L.P., X.D.), and Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Research with Neutrons and Muons (X.D.), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Heptares Therapeutics Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (J.K.); and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.G.)
| | - James Kean
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry (C.L.P., X.D.), and Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Research with Neutrons and Muons (X.D.), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Heptares Therapeutics Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (J.K.); and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.G.)
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry (C.L.P., X.D.), and Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Research with Neutrons and Muons (X.D.), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Heptares Therapeutics Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (J.K.); and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.G.)
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry (C.L.P., X.D.), and Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Research with Neutrons and Muons (X.D.), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Heptares Therapeutics Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (J.K.); and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.G.)
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29
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van Unen J, Woolard J, Rinken A, Hoffmann C, Hill SJ, Goedhart J, Bruchas MR, Bouvier M, Adjobo-Hermans MJW. A Perspective on Studying G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling with Resonance Energy Transfer Biosensors in Living Organisms. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:589-95. [PMID: 25972446 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The last frontier for a complete understanding of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology is to be able to assess GPCR activity, interactions, and signaling in vivo, in real time within biologically intact systems. This includes the ability to detect GPCR activity, trafficking, dimerization, protein-protein interactions, second messenger production, and downstream signaling events with high spatial resolution and fast kinetic readouts. Resonance energy transfer (RET)-based biosensors allow for all of these possibilities in vitro and in cell-based assays, but moving RET into intact animals has proven difficult. Here, we provide perspectives on the optimization of biosensor design, of signal detection in living organisms, and the multidisciplinary development of in vitro and cell-based assays that more appropriately reflect the physiologic situation. In short, further development of RET-based probes, optical microscopy techniques, and mouse genome editing hold great potential over the next decade to bring real-time in vivo GPCR imaging to the forefront of pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakobus van Unen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Ago Rinken
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.J.W.A.-H.); Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (M.B.); Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.U., J.G.); Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.W., S.J.H.); Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.H.); and Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.R.)
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Le NCH, Gel M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Dacres H, Anderson A, Trowell SC. Sub-nanomolar detection of thrombin activity on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064110. [PMID: 25553187 PMCID: PMC4257965 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a form of Förster resonance energy transfer. BRET has been shown to support lower limits of detection than fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) but, unlike FRET, has not been widely implemented on microfluidic devices for bioanalytical sensing. We recently reported a microscope-based microfluidic system for BRET-based biosensing, using a hybrid, high quantum-efficiency, form of BRET chemistry. This paper reports the first optical fiber-based system for BRET detection on a microfluidic chip, capable of quantifying photon emissions from the low quantum-efficiency BRET(2) system. We investigated the effects of varying core diameter and numerical aperture of optical fibers, as well as varying microfluidic channel design and measurement conditions. We optimized the set-up in order to maximize photon counts and minimize the response time. The optimized conditions supported measurement of thrombin activity, with a limit of detection of 20 pM, which is lower than the microscope-based system and more than 20 times lower than concentrations reported to occur in plasma clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cao Hoai Le
- Microfluidics Laboratory , CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Murat Gel
- Microfluidics Laboratory , CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Jian Wang
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship , GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen Dacres
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship , GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alisha Anderson
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship , GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen C Trowell
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship , GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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31
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González-Maeso J. Family a GPCR heteromers in animal models. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:226. [PMID: 25346690 PMCID: PMC4191056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Maeso
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
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Kawano K. [Stoichiometric analysis of oligomerization of membrane proteins using coiled-coil labeling and in-cell spectroscopy]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:931-7. [PMID: 25174363 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many membrane proteins are responsible for signaling and ionic transport necessary to maintain biological functions in vivo. Recently, not only conformational changes but also oligomerization have been proposed to regulate protein activation. Thus, the study of membrane protein oligomerization is crucial for new drug development. The existing destructive methodologies such as immunoprecipitation, however, are not suitable to determine oligomeric states precisely because of the artificial aggregation of proteins after detergent solubilization. In the present study, the coiled-coil tag-probe labeling method and spectral imaging were first combined to establish a new methodology based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for stoichiometric analysis of the oligomeric states of membrane proteins on living cells. After validating the method for mono-, di-, and tetrameric standard membrane proteins, the oligomeric state of β₂-adrenergic receptors (β₂ARs) was examined to clarify its functional significance. It was found that β2ARs could transduce cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signals and internalize them upon treatment with ligands without showing any FRET signals. Thus, β₂ARs do not form constitutive homooligomers, and homooligomerization is not necessary for the receptor function of β₂ARs. Finally, the oligomeric state of full-length M2 proton-selective channels of influenza A virus was investigated. Although the results of X-ray crystallography and NMR studies using fragment peptides suggested that M2 stably forms a tetrameric channel, the full-length M2 proteins formed proton-conducting dimers at neutral pH and these dimers were converted to tetramers at acidic pH, indicating that the minimal functional unit of the M2 channel is a dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kawano
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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33
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Characterization of the mode of action of a potent dengue virus capsid inhibitor. J Virol 2014; 88:11540-55. [PMID: 25056895 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01745-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dengue viruses (DV) represent a significant global health burden, with up to 400 million infections every year and around 500,000 infected individuals developing life-threatening disease. In spite of attempts to develop vaccine candidates and antiviral drugs, there is a lack of approved therapeutics for the treatment of DV infection. We have previously reported the identification of ST-148, a small-molecule inhibitor exhibiting broad and potent antiviral activity against DV in vitro and in vivo (C. M. Byrd et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57:15-25, 2013, doi:10 .1128/AAC.01429-12). In the present study, we investigated the mode of action of this promising compound by using a combination of biochemical, virological, and imaging-based techniques. We confirmed that ST-148 targets the capsid protein and obtained evidence of bimodal antiviral activity affecting both assembly/release and entry of infectious DV particles. Importantly, by using a robust bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assay, we observed an ST-148-dependent increase of capsid self-interaction. These results were corroborated by molecular modeling studies that also revealed a plausible model for compound binding to capsid protein and inhibition by a distinct resistance mutation. These results suggest that ST-148-enhanced capsid protein self-interaction perturbs assembly and disassembly of DV nucleocapsids, probably by inducing structural rigidity. Thus, as previously reported for other enveloped viruses, stabilization of capsid protein structure is an attractive therapeutic concept that also is applicable to flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Dengue viruses are arthropod-borne viruses representing a significant global health burden. They infect up to 400 million people and are endemic to subtropical and tropical areas of the world. Currently, there are neither vaccines nor approved therapeutics for the prophylaxis or treatment of DV infections, respectively. This study reports the characterization of the mode of action of ST-148, a small-molecule capsid inhibitor with potent antiviral activity against all DV serotypes. Our results demonstrate that ST-148 stabilizes capsid protein self-interaction, thereby likely perturbing assembly and disassembly of viral nucleocapsids by inducing structural rigidity. This, in turn, might interfere with the release of viral RNA from incoming nucleocapsids (uncoating) as well as assembly of progeny virus particles. As previously reported for other enveloped viruses, we propose the capsid as a novel tractable target for flavivirus inhibitors.
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Yano Y, Kawano K, Omae K, Takeda Y, Matsuzaki S, Matsuzaki K. [A visualization tool for oligomerization and internalization of membrane proteins in living cells: coiled-coil labeling method]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:501-6. [PMID: 24694810 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic fusion of fluorescent/luminescent proteins to a target protein for specific labeling in living cells has been widely used to investigate the intracellular trafficking and oligomerization of the proteins. However, several limitations of fluorescent/luminescent proteins, such as considerable size, difficulty in controlling labeling ratio in multicolor labeling, can obscure true behaviors of the target proteins. To overcome these difficulties, post-translational labeling methods using pairs of small genetically-encodable 'tags' and synthetic 'probes' targeting the tags have been widely studied in recent years. We have developed a quick tag-probe labeling method using a high-affinity heterodimeric coiled-coil formation between the E3 tag (EIAALEK)3 attached to the target protein and the K4 probe (KIAALKE)4 labeled with a fluorophore. The labeling is cell-surface-specific and completed within 1 min, therefore suitable for monitoring oligomerization/internalization of membrane proteins on living cell surface. Taking advantage of easiness in multicolor labeling, we show that the oligomeric state of membrane proteins can be precisely analyzed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. By using this method, we found that β2 adrenergic receptors do not form constitutive homooligomers, and homooligomerization is not necessary for the receptor function. Furthermore, the degree of internalization of the β2 receptors following agonist stimulation was evaluated by ratiometric detection of pH decrease in endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yano
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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35
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The hypervariable region of meningococcal major pilin PilE controls the host cell response via antigenic variation. mBio 2014; 5:e01024-13. [PMID: 24520062 PMCID: PMC3950515 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01024-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili (Tfp) are expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria to promote aggregation, adhesion, internalization, twitching motility, or natural transformation. Tfp of Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis, are involved in the colonization of human nasopharynx. After invasion of the bloodstream, Tfp allow adhesion of N. meningitidis to human endothelial cells, which leads to the opening of the blood-brain barrier and meningitis. To achieve firm adhesion, N. meningitidis induces a host cell response that results in elongation of microvilli surrounding the meningococcal colony. Here we study the role of the major pilin subunit PilE during host cell response using human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and the pharynx carcinoma-derived FaDu epithelial cell line. We first show that some PilE variants are unable to induce a host cell response. By engineering PilE mutants, we observed that the PilE C-terminus domain, which contains a disulfide bonded region (D-region), is critical for the host cell response and that hypervariable regions confer different host cell specificities. Moreover, the study of point mutants of the pilin D-region combined with structural modeling of PilE revealed that the D-region contains two independent regions involved in signaling to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) or FaDu cells. Our results indicate that the diversity of the PilE D-region sequence allows the induction of the host cell response via several receptors. This suggests that Neisseria meningitidis has evolved a powerful tool to adapt easily to many niches by modifying its ability to interact with host cells. Type IV pili (Tfp) are long appendages expressed by many Gram-negative bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis. These pili are involved in many aspects of pathogenesis: natural competence, aggregation, adhesion, and twitching motility. More specifically, Neisseria meningitidis, which is devoid of a secretion system to manipulate its host, has evolved its Tfp to signal to brain endothelial cells and open the blood-brain barrier. In this report, we investigate, at the molecular level, the involvement of the major pilin subunit PilE in host cell response. Our results indicate that the PilE C-terminal domain, which contains a disulfide bonded region (D-region), is critical for the host cell response and contains two independent regions involved in host cell signaling.
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Ligand-specific conformational change of the G-protein-coupled receptor ALX/FPR2 determines proresolving functional responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18232-7. [PMID: 24108355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308253110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl-peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2), also called ALX (the lipoxin A4 receptor), conveys the proresolving properties of lipoxin A4 and annexin A1 (AnxA1) and the proinflammatory signals elicited by serum amyloid protein A and cathelicidins, among others. We tested here the hypothesis that ALX might exist as homo- or heterodimer with FPR1 or FPR3 (the two other family members) and operate in a ligand-biased fashion. Coimmunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays with transfected HEK293 cells revealed constitutive dimerization of the receptors; significantly, AnxA1, but not serum amyloid protein A, could activate ALX homodimers. A p38/MAPK-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 signaling signature was unveiled after AnxA1 application, leading to generation of IL-10, as measured in vitro (in primary monocytes) and in vivo (after i.p. injection in the mouse). The latter response was absent in mice lacking the ALX ortholog. Using a similar approach, ALX/FPR1 heterodimerization evoked using the panagonist peptide Ac2-26, identified a JNK-mediated proapoptotic path that was confirmed in primary neutrophils. These findings provide a molecular mechanism that accounts for the dual nature of ALX and indicate that agonist binding and dimerization state contribute to the conformational landscape of FPRs.
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37
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Milligan G. The prevalence, maintenance, and relevance of G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:158-69. [PMID: 23632086 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.084780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, ideas and experimental support for the hypothesis that G protein-coupled receptors may exist as dimeric or oligomeric complexes moved initially from heresy to orthodoxy, to the current situation in which the capacity of such receptors to interact is generally accepted but the prevalence, maintenance, and relevance of such interactions to both pharmacology and function remain unclear. A vast body of data obtained following transfection of cultured cells is still to be translated to native systems and, even where this has been attempted, results often remain controversial and contradictory. This review will consider approaches that are currently being applied and why these might be challenging to interpret, and will suggest means to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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38
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ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion during HDL generation revealed by single-molecule imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5034-9. [PMID: 23479619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220703110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), one of the most critical events for preventing atherosclerosis, is mediated by ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 is known to transfer cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating discoidal HDL (dHDL) particles, composed of 100-200 lipid molecules surrounded by two apoA-I molecules; however, the regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we observed ABCA1-GFP and apoA-I at the level of single molecules on the plasma membrane via a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope. We found that about 70% of total ABCA1-GFP spots are immobilized on the plasma membrane and estimated that about 89% of immobile ABCA1 molecules are in dimers. Furthermore, an ATPase-deficient ABCA1 mutant failed to be immobilized or form a dimer. We found that the lipid acceptor apoA-I interacts with the ABCA1 dimer to generate dHDL and is followed by ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion. This indicates that the formation of the ABCA1 dimer is the key for apoA-I binding and nascent HDL generation. Our findings suggest the physiological significance of conversion of the ABCA1 monomer to a dimer: The dimer serves as a receptor for two apoA-I molecules for dHDL particle generation.
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39
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Yoshihara T, Yonoki Y, Saito M, Nakahara T, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Agonist-induced receptor internalization in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably co-expressing β(1)- and β(2)-adrenergic receptors. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:114-9. [PMID: 23302644 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β(1)- and β(2)-Adrenergic receptors (β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR) are co-expressed in numerous tissues, for example, heart and bladder. They play a very important role in the responses of a variety of organs to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Recent studies suggest that many G protein-coupled receptors, such as β(1)-AR, β(2)-AR, μ opioid receptor and δ opioid receptor, can form homo- and heterooligomers. Previous studies demonstrated that the β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR formed dimers in living HEK 293 cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether such heterooligomerization affect the agonist-induced receptor internalization in the CHO-K1 cells stably co-expressing β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR formed heterooligomers in the CHO-K1 cells. In cells co-expressing β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR, 30% of β(1)-AR was internalized by isoproterenol, whereas only 20% of β(1)-AR was internalized in cells expressing the β(1)-AR alone. Heterooligomerization did not affect the ratio of internalized β(2)-AR. Salmeterol, a specific β(2)-AR agonist, broke β(1)-AR/β(2)-AR heterooligomers, and induced β(2)-AR-specific internalization in cells co-expressing β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR. The present study demonstrated that heterooligomerization between β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR accelerates the isoproterenol-promoted internalization of the β(1)-AR, and that salmeterol induces β(2)-AR-specific internalization in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably co-expressing β(1)-AR and β(2)-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yoshihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceurical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5–9–1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8641, Japan
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Single-molecule analysis of fluorescently labeled G-protein-coupled receptors reveals complexes with distinct dynamics and organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:743-8. [PMID: 23267088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205798110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of receptors and major pharmacological targets. Whereas many GPCRs have been shown to form di-/oligomers, the size and stability of such complexes under physiological conditions are largely unknown. Here, we used direct receptor labeling with SNAP-tags and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to dynamically monitor single receptors on intact cells and thus compare the spatial arrangement, mobility, and supramolecular organization of three prototypical GPCRs: the β(1)-adrenergic receptor (β(1)AR), the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR), and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA(B)) receptor. These GPCRs showed very different degrees of di-/oligomerization, lowest for β(1)ARs (monomers/dimers) and highest for GABA(B) receptors (prevalently dimers/tetramers of heterodimers). The size of receptor complexes increased with receptor density as a result of transient receptor-receptor interactions. Whereas β(1)-/β(2)ARs were apparently freely diffusing on the cell surface, GABA(B) receptors were prevalently organized into ordered arrays, via interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. Agonist stimulation did not alter receptor di-/oligomerization, but increased the mobility of GABA(B) receptor complexes. These data provide a spatiotemporal characterization of β(1)-/β(2)ARs and GABA(B) receptors at single-molecule resolution. The results suggest that GPCRs are present on the cell surface in a dynamic equilibrium, with constant formation and dissociation of new receptor complexes that can be targeted, in a ligand-regulated manner, to different cell-surface microdomains.
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Lohse MJ, Nuber S, Hoffmann C. Fluorescence/bioluminescence resonance energy transfer techniques to study G-protein-coupled receptor activation and signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:299-336. [PMID: 22407612 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET and BRET) techniques allow the sensitive monitoring of distances between two labels at the nanometer scale. Depending on the placement of the labels, this permits the analysis of conformational changes within a single protein (for example of a receptor) or the monitoring of protein-protein interactions (for example, between receptors and G-protein subunits). Over the past decade, numerous such techniques have been developed to monitor the activation and signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in both the purified, reconstituted state and in intact cells. These techniques span the entire spectrum from ligand binding to the receptors down to intracellular second messengers. They allow the determination and the visualization of signaling processes with high temporal and spatial resolution. With these techniques, it has been demonstrated that GPCR signals may show spatial and temporal patterning. In particular, evidence has been provided for spatial compartmentalization of GPCRs and their signals in intact cells and for distinct physiological consequences of such spatial patterning. We review here the FRET and BRET technologies that have been developed for G-protein-coupled receptors and their signaling proteins (G-proteins, effectors) and the concepts that result from such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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42
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Chen L, Zhou W, Chen PC, Gaisina I, Yang S, Li X. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a functional modulator of serotonin-1B receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 79:974-86. [PMID: 21372171 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active protein kinase that is involved in neuronal regulation and is a potential pharmacological target of neurological disorders. We found previously that GSK3β selectively interacts with 5-hydroxytryptamine-1B receptors (5-HT1BR) that have important functions in serotonin neurotransmission and behavior. In this study, we provide new information supporting the importance of GSK3β in 5-HT1BR-regulated signaling, physiological function, and behaviors. Using molecular, biochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches, we tested 5-HT1BR's interaction with G(i)α(2) and β-arrestin2 and 5-HT1BR-regulated signaling in cells, serotonin release in mouse cerebral cortical slices, and behaviors in wild-type and β-arrestin2 knockout mice. Molecular ablation of GSK3β and GSK3 inhibitors abolished serotonin-induced change of 5-HT1BR coupling to G(i)α(2) and associated signaling but had no effect on serotonin-induced recruitment of β-arrestin2 to 5-HT1BR. This effect is specific for 5-HT1BR because GSK3 inhibitors did not change the interaction between serotonin 1A receptors and G(i)α(2). Two GSK3 inhibitors, N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea (AR-A014418) and 3-(5-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(benzofuran-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione (BIP-135), efficiently abolished the inhibitory effect of the 5-HT1BR agonist anpirtoline on serotonin release in mouse cerebral cortical slices. GSK3 inhibitors also facilitated the 5-HT1BR agonist anpirtoline-induced behavioral effect in the tail suspension test but spared anpirtoline-induced locomotor activity. These results suggest that GSK3β is a functional selective modulator of 5-HT1BR-regulated signaling, and GSK3 inhibitors fine-tune the physiological and behavioral actions of 5-HT1BR. Future studies may elucidate the significant roles of GSK3 in serotonin neurotransmission and implications of GSK3 inhibitors as functional selective modulators of 5-HT1BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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43
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Hudson BD, Hébert TE, M. Kelly ME. Ligand- and Heterodimer-Directed Signaling of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 77:1-9. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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44
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Chen L, Salinas GD, Li X. Regulation of serotonin 1B receptor by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:1150-61. [PMID: 19741007 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.056994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), the type 1 serotonin receptors (5-HT1Rs) preferentially couple to the inhibitory G protein and elicit many physiological and behavioral processes. However, their regulation by intracellular protein kinases has not been fully investigated. In this study, we identified that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) differentially regulates 5-HT1Rs. In receptor-expressing cells and brain slices, activation of both 5-HT1AR and 5-HT1BR reduced forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, but only the effect of 5-HT1BR was abolished by selective GSK3 inhibitors, deletion of GSK3beta by RNAi, or overexpression of impaired GSK3beta mutants (R96A and K85,86A). A consensus GSK3 phosphorylation sequence was identified between the serine-154 and threonine-158 in the second intracellular loop of 5-HT1BR. Mutation of either serine-154 or threonine-158 to alanine significantly reduced response of 5-HT1BR to 5-HT. Active GSK3beta interacted with resting 5-HT1BR to form a protein complex. The interaction was enhanced by receptor activation, abolished by GSK3 inhibitors, and dependent on the phosphorylation state of serine-154. In addition, regulation of 5-HT1BR by GSK3 changed the dynamics of agonist-induced cell surface receptor internalization, in which lack of phosphorylation at Ser154 resulted in sustained reduction of 5-HT1BR at the cell surface. Although the physiological consequences of selective regulation of 5-HT1BR by GSK3 remain to be identified, findings in this study reveal a new function of GSK3 as a protein kinase that is able to selectively regulate G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Chakera A, Seeber RM, John AE, Eidne KA, Greaves DR. The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines Exists in an Oligomeric Form in Living Cells and Functionally Antagonizes CCR5 Signaling through Hetero-Oligomerization. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1362-70. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Cherezov V, Rosenbaum DM, Hanson MA, Rasmussen SGF, Thian FS, Kobilka TS, Choi HJ, Kuhn P, Weis WI, Kobilka BK, Stevens RC. High-resolution crystal structure of an engineered human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor. Science 2007; 318:1258-65. [PMID: 17962520 PMCID: PMC2583103 DOI: 10.1126/science.1150577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2556] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of eukaryotic signal transduction proteins that communicate across the membrane. We report the crystal structure of a human beta2-adrenergic receptor-T4 lysozyme fusion protein bound to the partial inverse agonist carazolol at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The structure provides a high-resolution view of a human G protein-coupled receptor bound to a diffusible ligand. Ligand-binding site accessibility is enabled by the second extracellular loop, which is held out of the binding cavity by a pair of closely spaced disulfide bridges and a short helical segment within the loop. Cholesterol, a necessary component for crystallization, mediates an intriguing parallel association of receptor molecules in the crystal lattice. Although the location of carazolol in the beta2-adrenergic receptor is very similar to that of retinal in rhodopsin, structural differences in the ligand-binding site and other regions highlight the challenges in using rhodopsin as a template model for this large receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Tan PK, Wang J, Littler PLH, Wong KK, Sweetnam TA, Keefe W, Nash NR, Reding EC, Piu F, Brann MR, Schiffer HH. Monitoring interactions between receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream effector proteins in living cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:1440-6. [PMID: 17715395 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited number of whole-cell assays allow monitoring of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity in a signaling pathway-specific manner. We present the general use of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology to quantitatively study the pharmacology and signaling properties of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. RTK BRET-2 assays monitor, in living cells, the specific interaction between RTKs and their effector proteins, which control the activation of specific downstream signaling pathways. A total of 22 BRET assays have been established for nine RTKs derived from four subfamilies [erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog (ErbB), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (TRK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] monitoring the interactions with five effectors (Grb2, p85, Stat5a, Shc46, PLCgamma1). These interactions are dependent on the RTK kinase activity and autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the carboxyl terminus. RTK BRET assays are highly sensitive for quantifying ligand-independent (constitutive), agonist-induced, or antagonist-inhibited RTK activity levels. We studied the signaling properties of the PDGF receptor, alpha polypeptide (PDGFRA) isoforms (V561D; D842V and delta842-845) carrying activating mutations identified in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). All three PDGFRA isoforms are fully constitutively activated, insensitive to the growth factor PDGF-BB, but show differential sensitivity of their constitutive activity to be inhibited by the inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) BRET structure-function studies identify the tyrosine residues 1068, 1114, and 1148 as the main residues mediating the interaction of EGFR with the adapter protein Grb2. The BRET technology provides an assay platform to study signaling pathway-specific RTK structure-function and will facilitate drug discovery efforts for the identification of novel RTK modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Tan
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, 3911 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Xu X, Soutto M, Xie Q, Servick S, Subramanian C, von Arnim AG, Johnson CH. Imaging protein interactions with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in plant and mammalian cells and tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:10264-9. [PMID: 17551013 PMCID: PMC1891211 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701987104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET is a well established method for cellular and subcellular imaging of protein interactions. However, FRET obligatorily necessitates fluorescence excitation with its concomitant problems of photobleaching, autofluorescence, phototoxicity, and undesirable stimulation of photobiological processes. A sister technique, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), avoids these problems because it uses enzyme-catalyzed luminescence; however, BRET signals usually have been too dim to image effectively in the past. Using a new generation electron bombardment-charge-coupled device camera coupled to an image splitter, we demonstrate that BRET can be used to image protein interactions in plant and animal cells and in tissues; even subcellular imaging is possible. We have applied this technology to image two different protein interactions: (i) dimerization of the developmental regulator, COP1, in plant seedlings; and (ii) CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) in the mammalian nucleus. This advance heralds a host of applications for imaging without fluorescent excitation and its consequent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Box 1634-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Box 1634-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and
| | - Qiguang Xie
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Box 1634-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and
| | - Stein Servick
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Box 1634-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Albrecht G. von Arnim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Carl Hirschie Johnson
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Box 1634-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; and
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Whorton MR, Bokoch MP, Rasmussen SGF, Huang B, Zare RN, Kobilka B, Sunahara RK. A monomeric G protein-coupled receptor isolated in a high-density lipoprotein particle efficiently activates its G protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7682-7. [PMID: 17452637 PMCID: PMC1863461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611448104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a diverse array of ligands, mediating cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters, as well as the senses of smell and taste. The structures of the GPCR rhodopsin and several G proteins have been determined by x-ray crystallography, yet the organization of the signaling complex between GPCRs and G proteins is poorly understood. The observations that some GPCRs are obligate heterodimers, and that many GPCRs form both homo- and heterodimers, has led to speculation that GPCR dimers may be required for efficient activation of G proteins. However, technical limitations have precluded a definitive analysis of G protein coupling to monomeric GPCRs in a biochemically defined and membrane-bound system. Here we demonstrate that a prototypical GPCR, the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), can be incorporated into a reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) phospholipid bilayer particle together with the stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein, Gs. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging and FRET analysis demonstrate that a single beta2AR is incorporated per rHDL particle. The monomeric beta2AR efficiently activates Gs and displays GTP-sensitive allosteric ligand-binding properties. These data suggest that a monomeric receptor in a lipid bilayer is the minimal functional unit necessary for signaling, and that the cooperativity of agonist binding is due to G protein association with a receptor monomer and not receptor oligomerization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Whorton
- *Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Medical Sciences Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michael P. Bokoch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Søren G. F. Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Roger K. Sunahara
- *Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Medical Sciences Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Bolan EA, Kivell B, Jaligam V, Oz M, Jayanthi LD, Han Y, Sen N, Urizar E, Gomes I, Devi LA, Ramamoorthy S, Javitch JA, Zapata A, Shippenberg TS. D2 receptors regulate dopamine transporter function via an extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-dependent and phosphoinositide 3 kinase-independent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1222-32. [PMID: 17267664 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.027763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) terminates dopamine (DA) neurotransmission by reuptake of DA into presynaptic neurons. Regulation of DA uptake by D(2) dopamine receptors (D(2)R) has been reported. The high affinity of DA and other DAT substrates for the D(2)R, however, has complicated investigation of the intracellular mechanisms mediating this effect. The present studies used the fluorescent DAT substrate, 4-[4-(diethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP(+)) with live cell imaging techniques to identify the role of two D(2)R-linked signaling pathways, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) in mediating D(2)R regulation of DAT. Addition of the D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist quinpirole (0.1-10 muM) to human embryonic kidney cells coexpressing human DAT and D(2) receptor (short splice variant, D(2S)R) induced a rapid, concentration-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive increase in ASP(+) accumulation. The D(2)/D(3) agonist (S)-(+)-(4aR, 10bR)-3,4,4a, 10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-[1]benzopyrano-[4,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-9-ol hydrochloride (PD128907) also increased ASP(+) accumulation. D(2S)R activation increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, a major target of PI3K. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (PD98059) prevented the quinpirole-evoked increase in ASP(+) accumulation, whereas inhibition of PI3K was without effect. Fluorescence flow cytometry and biotinylation studies revealed a rapid increase in DAT cell-surface expression in response to D(2)R stimulation. These experiments demonstrate that D(2S)R stimulation increases DAT cell surface expression and therefore enhances substrate clearance. Furthermore, they show that the increase in DAT function is ERK1/2-dependent but PI3K-independent. Our data also suggest the possibility of a direct physical interaction between DAT and D(2)R. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which D(2S)R autoreceptors may regulate DAT in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bolan
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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