1
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Ma R, Sun JH, Wang YY. The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the formation of exhausted CD8 + T cells. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38884843 PMCID: PMC11182817 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
CD8 + T cells exert a critical role in eliminating cancers and chronic infections, and can provide long-term protective immunity. However, under the exposure of persistent antigen, CD8 + T cells can differentiate into terminally exhausted CD8 + T cells and lose the ability of immune surveillance and disease clearance. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion suggest that it is a potential way to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by restoring the function of exhausted CD8 + T cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an important executor of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Recent studies have shown that TGF-β is one of the drivers for the development of exhausted CD8 + T cells. In this review, we summarized the role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the formation of exhausted CD8 + T cells and discussed ways to target those to ultimately enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Han Sun
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Cancer Institute, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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2
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Li Q, Zhang C, Xu G, Shang X, Nan X, Li Y, Liu J, Hong Y, Wang Q, Peng G. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates CD8 + T cell dysfunction through STAT3/Gal-3/LAG3 pathway in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116172. [PMID: 38278025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can promote cancer development as observed in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the poor treatment outcomes emphasize the need for effective treatment. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a vital component of the natural drug Astragalus, has anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing immune function. In this study, we found that APS effectively suppressed CRC development through activating CD8+ T cells and reversing its inhibitory state in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of AOM/DSS inflammation-induced CRC mice. Network pharmacology and clinical databases suggested that the STAT3/ Galectin-3(Gal-3)/LAG3 pathway might be APS's potential target for treating CRC and associated with CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In vivo experiments showed that APS significantly reduced phosphorylated STAT3 and Gal-3 levels in tumor cells, as well as LAG3 in CD8+ T cells. Co-culture experiments with MC38 and CD8+ T cells demonstrated that APS decreased the expression of co-inhibitory receptor LAG3 in CD8+ T cells by targeting STAT3/Gal-3 in MC38 cells. Mechanism investigations revealed that APS specifically improved CD8+ T cell function through modulation of the STAT3/Gal-3/LAG3 pathway to inhibit CRC development, providing insights for future clinical development of natural anti-tumor drugs and immunotherapies as a novel strategy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonghao Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichuan Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuekai Shang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Nan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Hong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ji S, Shi Y, Yin B. Macrophage barrier in the tumor microenvironment and potential clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:74. [PMID: 38279145 PMCID: PMC10811890 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a complex microenvironment comprising a diverse array of immune cells and stromal components. Within this intricate context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit notable spatial heterogeneity. This heterogeneity contributes to various facets of tumor behavior, including immune response modulation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metastatic potential. This review summarizes the spatial distribution of macrophages in both the physiological environment and the TME. Moreover, this paper explores the intricate interactions between TAMs and diverse immune cell populations (T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and other immune cells) within the TME. These bidirectional exchanges form a complex network of immune interactions that influence tumor immune surveillance and evasion strategies. Investigating TAM heterogeneity and its intricate interactions with different immune cell populations offers potential avenues for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this paper discusses therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, aiming to uncover novel approaches for immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang 10th People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110096, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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4
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Freiberger SN, Holzmann D, Morand GB, Hüllner M, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Koelzer VH, Rupp NJ. Combinational expression of tumor testis antigens NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A4 predicts response to immunotherapy in mucosal melanoma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:5645-5653. [PMID: 36527482 PMCID: PMC10356647 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years, particularly in melanoma. While response to immunotherapy is associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, and microsatellite instability in several cancers, tumors lacking these biomarkers can still respond to this treatment. Especially, mucosal melanoma, commonly exhibiting low TMB compared to cutaneous melanoma, may respond to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate novel biomarkers in mucosal melanoma that predict response to combined ipilimumab and nivolumab. METHODS We investigated 10 tumor samples from 10 patients (three responders, seven non-responders) before treatment and six tumor samples from five patients after progression using a targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) gene expression panel. The findings were corroborated with an independent method (i.e., immunohistochemical staining) on the same 10 tumor samples before treatment and, to increase the cohort, in addition on three tumor samples before treatment of more recent patients (one responder, two non-responders). RESULTS With the targeted gene expression panel, we found the three tumor testis antigens CTAG1B (NY-ESO-1), MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A4 to be predominantly expressed in responding tumors. This marker panel was either not or not completely expressed in non-responders (p < 0.01). Using immunohistochemistry for all three markers, we could confirm the elevated expression in tumors responding to the ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these three biomarkers await validation in a larger patient cohort and could be easily used in future routine diagnostics to predict the outcome of ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy in mucosal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - David Holzmann
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire B Morand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Hüllner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Nin DS, Deng LW. Biology of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060926. [PMID: 36980267 PMCID: PMC10047177 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-specific antigens have been an area of interest in cancer therapy since their discovery in the middle of the 20th century. In the era of immune-based cancer therapeutics, redirecting our immune cells to target these tumour-specific antigens has become even more relevant. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a class of antigens with an expression specific to the testis and cancer cells. CTAs have also been demonstrated to be expressed in a wide variety of cancers. Due to their frequency and specificity of expression in a multitude of cancers, CTAs have been particularly attractive as cancer-specific therapeutic targets. There is now a rapid expansion of CTAs being identified and many studies have been conducted to correlate CTA expression with cancer and therapy-resistant phenotypes. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of clinical trials involving using some of these CTAs as molecular targets in pharmacological and immune-targeted therapeutics for various cancers. This review will summarise the current knowledge of the biology of known CTAs in tumorigenesis and the regulation of CTA genes. CTAs as molecular targets and the therapeutic implications of these CTA-targeted anticancer strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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6
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Fuchs JR, Schulte BC, Fuchs JW, Agulnik M. Emerging targeted and cellular therapies in the treatment of advanced and metastatic synovial sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123464. [PMID: 36761952 PMCID: PMC9905840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma accounting for approximately 1,000 cases per year in the United States. Currently, standard treatment of advanced and metastatic synovial sarcoma is anthracycline-based chemotherapy. While advanced synovial sarcoma is more responsive to chemotherapy compared to other soft tissue sarcomas, survival rates are poor, with a median survival time of less than 18 months. Enhanced understanding of tumor antigen expression and molecular mechanisms behind synovial sarcoma provide potential targets for treatment. Adoptive Cell Transfer using engineered T-cell receptors is in clinical trials for treatment of synovial sarcoma, specifically targeting New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), and melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE-A4). In this review, we explore the opportunities and challenges of these treatments. We also describe artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVCs) and BRD9 inhibitors, two additional potential targets for treatment of advanced synovial sarcoma. This review demonstrates the progress that has been made in treatment of synovial sarcoma and highlights the future study and qualification needed to implement these technologies as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian C. Schulte
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Mark Agulnik,
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7
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Ammons DT, Guth A, Rozental AJ, Kurihara J, Marolf AJ, Chow L, Griffin JF, Makii R, MacQuiddy B, Boss MK, Regan DP, Frank C, McGrath S, Packer RA, Dow S. Reprogramming the Canine Glioma Microenvironment with Tumor Vaccination plus Oral Losartan and Propranolol Induces Objective Responses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1657-1667. [PMID: 36644324 PMCID: PMC9835010 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Malignant gliomas have a highly immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which renders them largely unresponsive to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, the present study evaluated a therapeutic protocol designed overcome the immune barrier by combining myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy with tumor vaccination. Experimental Design We utilized a spontaneously occurring canine glioma model to investigate an oral TME modifying immunotherapy in conjunction with cancer stem cell (CSC) vaccination. Dogs were treated daily with losartan (monocyte migration inhibitor) and propranolol (myeloid-derived suppressor cell depleting agent) plus anti-CSC vaccination on a bi-weekly then monthly schedule. Tumor volume was monitored by MRI and correlated with patient immune responses. Results Ten dogs with histologically confirmed gliomas were enrolled into a prospective, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the immunotherapy protocol. Partial tumor regression was observed in 2 dogs, while 6 dogs experienced stable disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 80%. Overall survival times (median = 351 days) and progression-free intervals (median = 163 days) were comparable to prior studies evaluating surgical debulking followed by immunotherapy. Dogs with detectable anti-CSC antibody responses had an increased overall survival time relative to dogs that did not generate antibody responses (vaccine responder MST = 500 days; vaccine non-responder MST = 218 days; p = 0.02). Conclusions These findings suggest that combining myeloid cell targeted oral immunotherapy with tumor vaccination can generate objective tumor responses, even in the absence of conventional therapy. Overall, this approach has promise as a readily implemented therapeutic strategy for use in brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Ammons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Amanda Guth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aaron J. Rozental
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John F. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rebecca Makii
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brittany MacQuiddy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rebecca A. Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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8
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Dwivedi M, Tiwari S, Kemp EH, Begum R. Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10450. [PMID: 36082331 PMCID: PMC9445387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs’ mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to alter such Tregs to improve the immune response against tumors. Highlighting important clinical studies, the review also describes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer, and discusses Treg-suppression by molecular targeting, which may emerge as an effective cancer immunotherapy and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. Tregs present a major obstacle to eliciting potent anti-tumor immune responses. The review summarizes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer. Treg can be an effective cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E. Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
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9
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Philip M, Schietinger A. CD8 + T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:209-223. [PMID: 34253904 PMCID: PMC9792152 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy demonstrates the potential of CD8+ T cells to mediate antitumour responses; however, most patients with cancer fail to achieve long-term responses to immunotherapy. Here we review CD8+ T cell differentiation to dysfunctional states during tumorigenesis. We highlight similarities and differences between T cell dysfunction and other hyporesponsive T cell states and discuss the spatio-temporal factors contributing to T cell state heterogeneity in tumours. An important challenge is predicting which patients will respond to immunotherapeutic interventions and understanding which T cell subsets mediate the clinical response. We explore our current understanding of what determines T cell responsiveness and resistance to immunotherapy and point out the outstanding research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Philip
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,;
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,;
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10
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Crosstalk between Macrophages and Myxoid Liposarcoma Cells Increases Spreading and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133298. [PMID: 34209309 PMCID: PMC8268435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma and has tendency to metastasize to soft tissues. To date, the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of MLPS remain unclear, and new therapeutic strategies that improve patients' outcomes are expected. In this study, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the immune cellular components and microvessel density in tumor tissues from patients affected by MLPS. In order to evaluate the effects of primary human MLPS cells on macrophage polarization and, in turn, the ability of macrophages to influence invasiveness of MLPS cells, non-contact and 3D organotypic co-cultures were set up. High grade MLPS tissues were found heavily vascularized, exhibited a CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocyte-poor phenotype and were massively infiltrated by CD163 positive M2-like macrophages. Conversely, low grade MLPS tissues were infiltrated by a discrete amount of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T lymphocytes and a scarce amount of CD163 positive macrophages. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a shorter Progression Free Survival in MLPS patients whose tumor tissues were highly vascularized and heavily infiltrated by CD163 positive macrophages, indicating a clear-cut link between M2-like macrophage abundance and poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, we documented that, in co-culture, soluble factors produced by primary human MLPS cells induce macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype which, in turn, increases MLPS cell capability to spread into extracellular matrix and to cross endothelial monolayers. The identification of M2-like polarization factors secreted by MLPS cells may allow to develop novel targeted therapies counteracting MLPS progression.
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11
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Dastmalchi F, Deleyrolle LP, Karachi A, Mitchell DA, Rahman M. Metabolomics Monitoring of Treatment Response to Brain Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691246. [PMID: 34150663 PMCID: PMC8209463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized care for many solid tissue malignancies, and is being investigated for efficacy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Identifying a non-invasive monitoring technique such as metabolomics monitoring to predict patient response to immunotherapy has the potential to simplify treatment decision-making and to ensure therapy is tailored based on early patient response. Metabolomic analysis of peripheral immune response is feasible due to large metabolic shifts that immune cells undergo when activated. The utility of this approach is under investigation. In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes induced during activation of an immune response, and the role of metabolic profiling to monitor immune responses in the context of immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. This review provides original insights into how metabolomics monitoring could have an important impact in the field of tumor immunotherapy if achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aida Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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Kim YR, Kim KU, Lee JH, Kim DW, Chung JH, Kim YD, Shin DH, Lee MK, Shin YI, Lee SY. Cancer Testis Antigen, NOL4, Is an Immunogenic Antigen Specifically Expressed in Small-Cell Lung Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1927-1937. [PMID: 34065612 PMCID: PMC8161805 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To identify cancer/testis (CT) antigens and immunogenic proteins, immunoscreening of testicular and small-cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H889 cDNA libraries was performed using serum obtained from a small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient. We obtained 113 positive cDNA clones comprised of 74 different genes, designated KP-SCLC-1 through KP-SCLC-74. Of these genes, 59 genes were found to be related to cancers by EMBASE analysis. Three of these antigens, including KP-SCLC-29 (NOL4), KP-SCLC-59 (CCDC83), and KP-SCLC-69 (KIF20B), were CT antigens. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that NOL4 was frequently present in small-cell lung cancer cell lines (8/9, 8/9). In addition, NOL4 mRNA was weakly, or at a low frequency, or not detected in various cancer cell lines. Our results reveal that NOL4 was expressed at protein levels in small-cell lung cancer tissues (10/10) but not detected in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical analysis. Serological response to NOL4 was also evaluated by western blot assay using NOL4 recombinant protein. A humoral response against NOL4 proteins was detected in 75% (33/44) of small-cell lung cancer patients and in 65% (13/20) of healthy donors by a serological western blot assay. These data suggest that NOL4 is a specific target that may be useful for diagnosis and immunotherapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-R.K.); (D.-W.K.)
| | - Ki-Uk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (M.-K.L.)
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (D.-H.S.)
| | - Deok-Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-R.K.); (D.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Heun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Dae Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (D.-H.S.)
| | - Min-Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (M.-K.L.)
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Sang-Yull Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-R.K.); (D.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8084
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Zhou Y, Shao N, Bessa de Castro R, Zhang P, Ma Y, Liu X, Huang F, Wang RF, Qin L. Evaluation of Single-Cell Cytokine Secretion and Cell-Cell Interactions with a Hierarchical Loading Microwell Chip. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107574. [PMID: 32348757 PMCID: PMC7583657 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive evaluation of single T cell functions such as cytokine secretion and cytolysis of target cells is greatly needed in adoptive cell therapy (ACT) but has never been fully fulfilled by current approaches. Herein, we develop a hierarchical loading microwell chip (HL-Chip) that aligns multiple cells and functionalized beads in a high-throughput microwell array with single-cell/bead precision based on size differences. We demonstrate the potential of the HL-Chip in evaluating single T cell functions by three applications: high-throughput longitudinal secretory profiling of single T cells, large-scale evaluation of cytolytic activity of single T cells, and integrated T cell-tumor cell interactions. The HL-Chip is a simple and robust technology that constructs arrays of defined cell/object combinations for multiple measurements and material retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Center for inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ning Shao
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ricardo Bessa de Castro
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Feizhou Huang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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14
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Chen WS, Haynes WA, Waitz R, Kamath K, Vega-Crespo A, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Foye A, Baselga Carretero I, Perez Garcilazo I, Zhang M, Zhao SG, Sjöström M, Quigley DA, Chou J, Beer TM, Rettig M, Gleave M, Evans CP, Lara P, Chi KN, Reiter RE, Alumkal JJ, Ashworth A, Aggarwal R, Small EJ, Daugherty PS, Ribas A, Oh DY, Shon JC, Feng FY. Autoantibody Landscape in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6204-6214. [PMID: 32967941 PMCID: PMC7710628 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoantibody responses in cancer are of great interest, as they may be concordant with T-cell responses to cancer antigens or predictive of response to cancer immunotherapies. Thus, we sought to characterize the antibody landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum antibody epitope repertoire analysis (SERA) was performed on patient serum to identify tumor-specific neoepitopes. Somatic mutation-specific neoepitopes were investigated by associating serum epitope enrichment scores with whole-genome sequencing results from paired solid tumor metastasis biopsies and germline blood samples. A protein-based immunome-wide association study (PIWAS) was performed to identify significantly enriched epitopes, and candidate serum antibodies enriched in select patients were validated by ELISA profiling. A distinct cohort of patients with melanoma was evaluated to validate the top cancer-specific epitopes. RESULTS SERA was performed on 1,229 serum samples obtained from 72 men with mCRPC and 1,157 healthy control patients. Twenty-nine of 6,636 somatic mutations (0.44%) were associated with an antibody response specific to the mutated peptide. PIWAS analyses identified motifs in 11 proteins, including NY-ESO-1 and HERVK-113, as immunogenic in mCRPC, and ELISA confirmed serum antibody enrichment in candidate patients. Confirmatory PIWAS, Identifying Motifs Using Next-generation sequencing Experiments (IMUNE), and ELISA analyses performed on serum samples from 106 patients with melanoma similarly revealed enriched cancer-specific antibody responses to NY-ESO-1. CONCLUSIONS We present the first large-scale profiling of autoantibodies in advanced prostate cancer, utilizing a new antibody profiling approach to reveal novel cancer-specific antigens and epitopes. Our study recovers antigens of known importance and identifies novel tumor-specific epitopes of translational interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Agustin Vega-Crespo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raunak Shrestha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Adam Foye
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ivan Perez Garcilazo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew Rettig
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Gleave
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Primo Lara
- University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kim N Chi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Y Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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15
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16
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Merhi M, Raza A, Inchakalody VP, Siveen KS, Kumar D, Sahir F, Mestiri S, Hydrose S, Allahverdi N, Jalis M, Relecom A, Al Zaidan L, Hamid MSE, Mostafa M, Gul ARZ, Uddin S, Al Homsi M, Dermime S. Persistent anti-NY-ESO-1-specific T cells and expression of differential biomarkers in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer benefiting from combined radioimmunotherapy treatment: a case report. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001278. [PMID: 32913031 PMCID: PMC7484873 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined radioimmunotherapy is currently being investigated to treat patients with cancer. Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy offers the prospect of long-term disease control in solid tumors. Radiotherapy has the ability to promote immunogenic cell death leading to the release of tumor antigens, increasing infiltration and activation of T cells. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) is a cancer-testis antigen expressed in 20% of advanced gastric cancers and known to induce humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with cancer. We report on the dynamic immune response to the NY-ESO-1 antigen and important immune-related biomarkers in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer treated with radiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab antibody.Our patient was an 81-year-old man diagnosed with locally advanced unresectable mismatch repair-deficient gastric cancer having progressed to a metastatic state under a second line of systemic treatment consisting of an anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab antibody. The patient was subsequently treated with local radiotherapy administered concomitantly with anti-PD-1, with a complete response on follow-up radiologic assessment. Disease control was sustained with no further therapy for a period of 12 months before relapse. We have identified an NY-ESO-1-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion from the patients' T cells that was significantly increased at response (****p˂0.0001). A novel promiscuous immunogenic NY-ESO-1 peptide P39 (P153-167) restricted to the four patient's HLA-DQ and HLA-DP alleles was identified. Interestingly, this peptide contained the known NY-ESO-1-derived HLA-A2-02:01(P157-165) immunogenic epitope. We have also identified a CD107+ cytotoxic T cell subset within a specific CD8+/HLA-A2-NY-ESO-1 T cell population that was low at disease progression, markedly increased at disease resolution and significantly decreased again at disease re-progression. Finally, we identified two groups of cytokines/chemokines. Group 1 contains five cytokines (IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5 and IL-6) that were present at disease progression, significantly downregulated at disease resolution and dramatically upregulated again at disease re-progression. Group 2 contains four biomarkers (perforin, soluble FAS, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α and C-X-C motif chemokine 11/Interferon-inducible T Cell Alpha Chemoattractant that were present at disease progression, significantly upregulated at disease resolution and dramatically downregulated again at disease re-progression. Combined radioimmunotherapy can enhance specific T cell responses to the NY-ESO-1 antigen that correlates with beneficial clinical outcome of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- Medical Oncology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Medical Oncology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | | | - Deepak Kumar
- Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University - Qatar Campus, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Munir Jalis
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Mai Mostafa
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Tsuji T, Eng KH, Matsuzaki J, Battaglia S, Szender JB, Miliotto A, Gnjatic S, Bshara W, Morrison CD, Lele S, Emerson RO, Wang J, Liu S, Robins H, Lugade AA, Odunsi K. Clonality and antigen-specific responses shape the prognostic effects of tumor-infiltrating T cells in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2669-2683. [PMID: 32676168 PMCID: PMC7343634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are not all specific for tumor antigens, but can include bystander TILs that are specific for cancer-irrelevant epitopes, and it is unknown whether the T-cell repertoire affects prognosis. To delineate the complexity of anti-tumor T-cell responses, we utilized a computational method for de novo assembly of sequences from CDR3 regions of 369 high-grade serous ovarian cancers from TCGA, and then applied deep TCR-sequencing for analyses of paired tumor and peripheral blood specimens from an independent cohort of 99 ovarian cancer patients. Strongly monoclonal T-cell repertoires were associated with favorable prognosis (PFS, HR = 0.65, 0.50-0.84, p = 0.003; OS, HR = 0.61, 0.44-0.83, p = 0.006) in TCGA cohort. In the validation cohort, we discovered that patients with low T-cell infiltration but low diversity or focused repertoires had clinical outcomes almost indistinguishable from highly-infiltrated tumors (median 21.0 months versus 15.9 months, log-rank p = 0.945). We also found that the degree of divergence of the peripheral repertoire from the TIL repertoire, and the presence of detectable spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses are important determinants of clinical outcome. We conclude that the prognostic significance of TILs in ovarian cancer is dictated by T-cell clonality, degree of overlap with peripheral repertoire, and the presence of detectable spontaneous anti-tumor immune response in the patients. These immunological phenotypes defined by the TCR repertoire may provide useful insights for identifying "TIL-low" ovarian cancer patients that may respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Brian Szender
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Miliotto
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carl D Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Jianmin Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Amit A Lugade
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Bioengineered recombinant vault nanoparticles coupled with NY-ESO-1 glioma-associated antigens induce maturation of native dendritic cells. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Cebon JS, Gore M, Thompson JF, Davis ID, McArthur GA, Walpole E, Smithers M, Cerundolo V, Dunbar PR, MacGregor D, Fisher C, Millward M, Nathan P, Findlay MPN, Hersey P, Evans TRJ, Ottensmeier CH, Marsden J, Dalgleish AG, Corrie PG, Maria M, Brimble M, Williams G, Winkler S, Jackson HM, Endo-Munoz L, Tutuka CSA, Venhaus R, Old LJ, Haack D, Maraskovsky E, Behren A, Chen W. Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000410. [PMID: 32317292 PMCID: PMC7204806 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the clinical efficacy of New York Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in a randomized, double-blind phase II study in participants with fully resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence. METHODS Participants with resected stage IIc, IIIb, IIIc and IV melanoma expressing NY-ESO-1 were randomized to treatment with three doses of NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant administered intramuscularly at 4-week intervals, followed by a further dose at 6 months. Primary endpoint was the proportion free of relapse at 18 months in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and two per-protocol populations. Secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), safety and NY-ESO-1 immunity. RESULTS The ITT population comprised 110 participants, with 56 randomized to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX and 54 to ISCOMATRIX alone. No significant toxicities were observed. There were no differences between the study arms in relapses at 18 months or for median time to relapse; 139 vs 176 days (p=0.296), or relapse rate, 27 (48.2%) vs 26 (48.1%) (HR 0.913; 95% CI 0.402 to 2.231), respectively. RFS and OS were similar between the study arms. Vaccine recipients developed strong positive antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 (p≤0.0001) and NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses. Biopsies following relapse did not demonstrate differences in NY-ESO-1 expression between the study populations although an exploratory study demonstrated reduced (NY-ESO-1)+/Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I+ double-positive cells in biopsies from vaccine recipients performed on relapse in 19 participants. CONCLUSIONS The vaccine was well tolerated, however, despite inducing antigen-specific immunity, it did not affect survival endpoints. Immune escape through the downregulation of NY-ESO-1 and/or HLA class I molecules on tumor may have contributed to relapse.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biopsy
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Cholesterol/administration & dosage
- Cholesterol/adverse effects
- Dermatologic Surgical Procedures
- Disease-Free Survival
- Double-Blind Method
- Drug Combinations
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Male
- Melanoma/diagnosis
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/mortality
- Melanoma/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phospholipids/administration & dosage
- Phospholipids/adverse effects
- Saponins/administration & dosage
- Saponins/adverse effects
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/mortality
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Cebon
- Cancer Immunobiology Programme, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Gore
- Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Melanona and Skin Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan Walpole
- Cancer Services Division, Princess Alexandra Hospital Health Service District, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Smithers
- Oncology Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital Health Service District, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Duncan MacGregor
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Nathan
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, London, UK
| | - Michael P N Findlay
- School of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T R Jeffry Evans
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Marsden
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, Division of Oncology, St Georges Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- West Anglia Cancer Research Network Oncology Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marples Maria
- The Cancer Research Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Margaret Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Williams
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sintia Winkler
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather M Jackson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana Endo-Munoz
- Cancer Immunobiology Programme, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Candani S A Tutuka
- Cancer Immunobiology Programme, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph Venhaus
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lloyd J Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dennis Haack
- Versagenics Inc, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Andreas Behren
- Cancer Immunobiology Programme, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Wei R, Dean DC, Thanindratarn P, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Cancer testis antigens in sarcoma: Expression, function and immunotherapeutic application. Cancer Lett 2019; 479:54-60. [PMID: 31634526 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Patient outcomes remain especially grim for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, and current therapeutic strategies have not significantly improved outcomes over the past few decades. This has led to a number of studies assessing novel therapies. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are tumor-associated antigens with physiologic expression in the testis and various malignancies, including sarcomas. Genes encoding CTAs include MAGE, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, TRAG-3/CSAGE, and SSX. The importance and function of CTAs in tumorigenesis have gained recognition in recent years. They are also proving as robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutically, antigens derived from CTAs are highly recognizable by T lymphocytes and therefore capable of generating a potent antitumor immune response. CTAs are, therefore, promising targets for novel immunotherapies. Here we review the emerging works on expression, function, and immunotherapeutic application of CTAs in sarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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21
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Gangkofner DS, Holzinger D, Schroeder L, Eichmüller SB, Zörnig I, Jäger D, Wichmann G, Dietz A, Broglie MA, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Ezic J, Marienfeld RB, Möller P, Völkel G, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Brunner C, Schuler PJ, Wigand M, Theodoraki MN, Doescher J, Hoffmann TK, Pawlita M, Butt J, Waterboer T, Laban S. Patterns of antibody responses to nonviral cancer antigens in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients differ by human papillomavirus status. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3436-3444. [PMID: 31407331 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There have been hints that nonviral cancer antigens are differentially expressed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Antibody responses (AR) to cancer antigens may be used to indirectly determine cancer antigen expression in the tumor using a noninvasive and tissue-saving liquid biopsy. Here, we set out to characterize AR to a panel of nonviral cancer antigens in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC patients. A fluorescent microbead multiplex serology to 29 cancer antigens (16 cancer-testis antigens, 5 cancer-retina antigens and 8 oncogenes) and 29 HPV-antigens was performed in 382 HNSCC patients from five independent cohorts (153 HPV-positive and 209 HPV-negative). AR to any of the cancer antigens were found in 272/382 patients (72%). The ten most frequent AR were CT47, cTAGE5a, c-myc, LAGE-1, MAGE-A1, -A3, -A4, NY-ESO-1, SpanX-a1 and p53. AR to MAGE-A3, MAGE-A9 and p53 were found at significantly different prevalences by HPV status. An analysis of AR mean fluorescent intensity values uncovered remarkably different AR clusters by HPV status. To identify optimal antigen selections covering a maximum of patients with ≤10 AR, multiobjective optimization revealed distinct antigen selections by HPV status. We identified that AR to nonviral antigens differ by HPV status indicating differential antigen expression. Multiplex serology may be used to characterize antigen expression using serum or plasma as a tissue-sparing liquid biopsy. Cancer antigen panels should address the distinct antigen repertoire of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Gangkofner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Schroeder
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy (D210), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Applied Tumor Immunity (D120), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Applied Tumor Immunity (D120), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina A Broglie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dyckhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jasmin Ezic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gunnar Völkel
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marlene Wigand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie N Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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22
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KRAS-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma and B Cell Infiltration: Novel Insights for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081145. [PMID: 31405063 PMCID: PMC6721568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer, histologically classified into adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma, is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. Lung AD (LUAD) could benefit of a plethora of target therapies and, in the last few years, also of immunotherapies. Here we focused on a real-life cohort of LUAD and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset aiming to gain insights into the immune contexture of such a malignancy. We explored the mutational status of 41 genes and the expression of 94 genes, related to immune-checkpoint, inflammation, and stromal microenvironment. Surprisingly, we found that our cohort has a very low mutational burden if we consider our panel as its surrogate. Regarding gene expression data, we identified 31 genes significantly deregulated in tumor tissues compared with a pool of normal samples. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the deregulated genes is able to identify two clusters of tumor samples, differently enriched in alterations in actionable genes. In particular, we identified a cluster enriched in patients carrying KRAS alterations. In silico deconvolution, that is the inferring of tumor microenvironment composition by gene expression data, through TIMER algorithm has been performed to explore immune microenvironment. Estimation performed on our gene expression matrix showed that B cell infiltration is lower in the KRAS-mutated enriched cluster, as in the TCGA-LUAD dataset. Such a finding has been validated in situ through immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort. Moreover, cases in LUAD-TCGA with low B cell infiltration have a significantly worse overall survival than those with higher levels. In the real-life cohort we observed that cases belonging to cluster enriched in KRAS-mutated patients have a poor outcome. LUAD driven by KRAS mutation represents an unmet clinical need, being refractory to pharmacological inhibition. Our results link KRAS mutations to B cell infiltration. Thus, the present findings could be helpful in a better definition of immunotherapeutic approaches for KRAS mutated patients.
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23
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Mahipal A, Ejadi S, Gnjatic S, Kim-Schulze S, Lu H, Ter Meulen JH, Kenney R, Odunsi K. First-in-human phase 1 dose-escalating trial of G305 in patients with advanced solid tumors expressing NY-ESO-1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1211-1222. [PMID: 31069460 PMCID: PMC11028382 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human tumor cells express antigens that serve as targets for the host cellular immune system. This phase 1 dose-escalating study was conducted to assess safety and tolerability of G305, a recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine mixed with glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA), a synthetic TLR4 agonist adjuvant, in a stable emulsion (SE). Twelve patients with solid tumors expressing NY-ESO-1 were treated using a 3 + 3 design. The NY-ESO-1 dose was fixed at 250 µg, while GLA-SE was increased from 2 to 10 µg. Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical responses were assessed prior to, during, and at the end of therapy. G305 was safe and immunogenic at all doses. All related AEs were Grade 1 or 2, with injection site soreness as the most commonly reported event (100%). Overall, 75% of patients developed antibody response to NY-ESO-1, including six patients with increased antibody titer ( ≥ 4-fold rise) and three patients with seroconversion from negative (titer < 100) to positive (titer ≥ 100). CD4 T-cell responses were observed in 44.4% of patients; 33.3% were new responses and 1 was boosted ( ≥ 2-fold rise). Following treatment, 8 of 12 patients had stable disease for 3 months or more; at the end of 1 year, three patients had stable disease and nine patients were alive. G305 is a potent immunotherapeutic agent that can stimulate NY-ESO-1-specific antibody and T-cell responses. The vaccine was safe at all doses of GLA-SE (2-10 µg) and showed potential clinical benefit in this population of patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Drugs, Investigational/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Investigational/adverse effects
- Female
- Glucosides/administration & dosage
- Glucosides/adverse effects
- Glucosides/immunology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Lipid A/administration & dosage
- Lipid A/adverse effects
- Lipid A/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Proteins/adverse effects
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahipal
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Ejadi
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hailing Lu
- Immune Design Corp., 1616 East Lake Ave. E, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Jan H Ter Meulen
- Immune Design Corp., 1616 East Lake Ave. E, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
| | - Richard Kenney
- Immune Design Corp, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- ClinReg Biologics LLC, Potomac, MD, USA
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24
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Meng Q, Valentini D, Rao M, Dodoo E, Maeurer M. CMV and EBV targets recognized by tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer and brain tumors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17079. [PMID: 30459443 PMCID: PMC6244284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted antiviral immune responses to the widespread human pathogens cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) play a pivotal role in determining immune fitness. We show here for the first time that tumor-infiltrating B cell (TIB)- derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with pancreatic cancer or glioblastoma have unique anti-CMV/EBV immune recognition patterns compared to serum IgG. There is also great heterogeneity between patients, as well as between serum and TIB-IgG, while some viral targets elicited strongly both T-cell and IgG reactivity in tumor infiltrating T- and B-cells. These observations suggest that the anti-CMV/EBV humoral immune response in situ is highly unique and can be instrumental in developing next-generation immuno-biomarkers in addition to supplementing cellular therapy strategies for personalized cancer therapy targeting CMV or EBV in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Meng
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Meng Q, Valentini D, Rao M, Maeurer M. KRAS RENAISSANCE(S) in Tumor Infiltrating B Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:384. [PMID: 30283732 PMCID: PMC6156365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is a driver mutation for malignant transformation. It is found in 30% of all cancers and in 90% of pancreatic cancers. The identification of small molecules selectively inhibiting KRAS mutants has been challenging, yet mutant KRAS has recently been shown to be targeted by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-derived T cells that confer tumor regression upon adoptive transfer. Furthermore, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody interfering with mutant KRAS function inside the cell has been described to inhibit growth of KRAS-mutant xenografts in tumor-bearing mice. B cells have been described to infiltrate pancreatic cancer and may be associated with tertiary lymphoid structures associated with good prognosis, or, in contrast, promote tumor growth. However, their function, nor their antigen-specificity has been clearly defined. We discuss here the presence of tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIB) in patients with pancreatic cancer that produce KRAS-mutant specific IgG, underlining that intratumoral T and B cells may exclusively target mutant KRAS. KRAS-specific IgG may, therefore, serve as a readout of the activation of both arms of the anti-tumor adaptive immune armament although some B-cell populations may promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Meng
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Schidorsky S, Yi X, Razvag Y, Sajman J, Hermon K, Weiss S, Sherman E. Synergizing superresolution optical fluctuation imaging with single molecule localization microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:045008. [PMID: 30132439 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aadc2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule-localization-microscopy (SMLM) and superresolution-optical-fluctuation-imaging (SOFI) enable imaging biological samples well beyond the diffraction-limit of light. SOFI imaging is typically faster, yet has lower resolution than SMLM. Since the same (or similar) data format is acquired for both methods, their algorithms could presumably be combined synergistically for reconstruction and improvement of overall imaging performance. For that, we first defined a measure of the acquired-SNR for each method. This measure was ∼x10 to x100 higher for SOFI as compared to SMLM, indicating faster recognition and acquisition of features by SOFI. This measure also allowed fluorophore-specific optimization of SOFI reconstruction over its time-window and time-lag. We show that SOFI-assisted SMLM imaging can improve image reconstruction by rejecting common sources of background (e.g. out-of-focus emission and auto-fluorescence), especially under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, by efficient optical sectioning and by shortening image reconstruction time. The performance and utility of our approach was evaluated by realistic simulations and by SOFI-assisted SMLM imaging of the plasma membrane of activated fixed and live T-cells (in isolation or in conjugation to antigen presenting cells). Our approach enhances SMLM performance under demanding imaging conditions and could set an example for synergizing additional imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Schidorsky
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, 91904
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27
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B cells and antibody production in melanoma. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:790-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Mahmoud AM. Cancer testis antigens as immunogenic and oncogenic targets in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:769-778. [PMID: 29926750 PMCID: PMC6462849 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently express tumor-associated antigens that can elicit immune responses to eradicate cancer. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor-associated antigens that might serve as ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their cancer-restricted expression and robust immunogenicity. Previous clinical studies reported that CTAs are associated with negative hormonal status, aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival. Furthermore, experimental studies have shown the ability of CTAs to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. They also demonstrated the implication of CTAs in promoting cancer cell growth, inhibiting apoptosis and inducing cancer cell invasion and migration. In the current review, we attempt to address the immunogenic and oncogenic potential of CTAs and their current utilization in therapeutic interventions for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
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29
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Katz D, Palmerini E, Pollack SM. More Than 50 Subtypes of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Paving the Path for Histology-Driven Treatments. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:925-938. [PMID: 30231352 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_205423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of cancers with mesenchymal origin. Although sarcomas comprise less than 1% of cancers, there are more than 50 different subtypes that are quite different from one another in terms of both their biology and clinical behavior. Historically, the need for adequate patient numbers in clinical trials has pushed sarcoma researchers to lump these very different malignancies together and treat the patients using a "one-size-fits-all" approach. However, with improvements in our scientific understanding, we are finally ready for a histology-tailored therapeutic approach to these complex diseases. In this review, we discuss key advances in our understanding of the biology underlying selected sarcoma subtypes and how targeting these subtypes is relevant therapeutically with respect to both molecularly targeted agents as well as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Katz
- From the Institute of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zrifin, Beer Yaakov, Israel; Medical Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Emanuela Palmerini
- From the Institute of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zrifin, Beer Yaakov, Israel; Medical Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Seth M Pollack
- From the Institute of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zrifin, Beer Yaakov, Israel; Medical Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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30
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Hoang NT, Acevedo LA, Mann MJ, Tolani B. A review of soft-tissue sarcomas: translation of biological advances into treatment measures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1089-1114. [PMID: 29785138 PMCID: PMC5955018 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s159641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from connective tissues and have an overall incidence of about five per 100,000 per year. While this diverse family of malignancies comprises over 100 histological subtypes and many molecular aberrations are prevalent within specific sarcomas, very few are therapeutically targeted. Instead of utilizing molecular signatures, first-line sarcoma treatment options are still limited to traditional surgery and chemotherapy, and many of the latter remain largely ineffective and are plagued by disease resistance. Currently, the mechanism of sarcoma oncogenesis remains largely unknown, thus necessitating a better understanding of pathogenesis. Although substantial progress has not occurred with molecularly targeted therapies over the past 30 years, increased knowledge about sarcoma biology could lead to new and more effective treatment strategies to move the field forward. Here, we discuss biological advances in the core molecular determinants in some of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas - liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma - with an emphasis on emerging genomic and molecular pathway targets and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to combat this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc T Hoang
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Acevedo
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mann
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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31
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Thomas R, Al-Khadairi G, Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Dermime S, Bedognetti D, Decock J. NY-ESO-1 Based Immunotherapy of Cancer: Current Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 29770138 PMCID: PMC5941317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 or New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 is a well-known cancer-testis antigen (CTAs) with re-expression in numerous cancer types. Its ability to elicit spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses, together with its restricted expression pattern, have rendered it a good candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide background information on NY-ESO-1 expression and function in normal and cancerous tissues. Furthermore, NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses have been observed in various cancer types; however, their utility as biomarkers are not well determined. Finally, we describe the immune-based therapeutic options targeting NY-ESO-1 that are currently in clinical trial. We will highlight the recent advancements made in NY-ESO-1 cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and combinatorial treatment with checkpoint inhibitors and will discuss the current trends for future NY-ESO-1 based immunotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized over the last few decades with immunotherapy emerging at the forefront. Immune-based interventions have shown promising results, providing a new treatment avenue for durable clinical responses in various cancer types. The majority of successful immunotherapy studies have been reported in liquid cancers, whereas these approaches have met many challenges in solid cancers. Effective immunotherapy in solid cancers is hampered by the complex, dynamic tumor microenvironment that modulates the extent and phenotype of the antitumor immune response. Furthermore, many solid tumor-associated antigens are not private but can be found in normal somatic tissues, resulting in minor to detrimental off-target toxicities. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to identify tumor-specific antigens to target using various immune-based modalities. CTAs are considered good candidate targets for immunotherapy as they are characterized by a restricted expression in normal somatic tissues concomitant with a re-expression in solid epithelial cancers. Moreover, several CTAs have been found to induce a spontaneous immune response, NY-ESO-1 being the most immunogenic among the family members. Hence, this review will focus on NY-ESO-1 and discuss the past and current NY-ESO-1 targeted immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Thomas
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghaneya Al-Khadairi
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Grah JJ, Katalinic D, Juretic A, Santek F, Samarzija M. Clinical Significance of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cancer/Testis Tumor-associated Antigens (MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/4, NY-ESO-1) in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1430.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Joachim Grah
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (KBC Zagreb), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinic
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (KBC Zagreb), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Juretic
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (KBC Zagreb), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fedor Santek
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (KBC Zagreb), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samarzija
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Center (KBC Zagreb), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gasser O, Sharples KJ, Barrow C, Williams GM, Bauer E, Wood CE, Mester B, Dzhelali M, Caygill G, Jones J, Hayman CM, Hinder VA, Macapagal J, McCusker M, Weinkove R, Painter GF, Brimble MA, Findlay MP, Dunbar PR, Hermans IF. A phase I vaccination study with dendritic cells loaded with NY-ESO-1 and α-galactosylceramide: induction of polyfunctional T cells in high-risk melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:285-298. [PMID: 29094183 PMCID: PMC11028320 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines that elicit targeted tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses have the potential to be used as adjuvant therapy in patients with high risk of relapse. However, the responses induced by vaccines in cancer patients have generally been disappointing. To improve vaccine function, we investigated the possibility of exploiting the immunostimulatory capacity of type 1 Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a cell type enriched in lymphoid tissues that can trigger improved antigen-presenting function in dendritic cells (DCs). In this phase I dose escalation study, we treated eight patients with high-risk surgically resected stage II-IV melanoma with intravenous autologous monocyte-derived DCs loaded with the NKT cell agonist α-GalCer and peptides derived from the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Two synthetic long peptides spanning defined immunogenic regions of the NY-ESO-1 sequence were used. This therapy proved to be safe and immunologically effective, inducing increases in circulating NY-ESO-1-specific T cells that could be detected directly ex vivo in seven out of eight patients. These responses were achieved using as few as 5 × 105 peptide-loaded cells per dose. Analysis after in vitro restimulation showed increases in polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were capable of manufacturing two or more cytokines simultaneously. Evidence of NKT cell proliferation and/or NKT cell-associated cytokine secretion was seen in most patients. In light of these strong responses, the concept of including NKT cell agonists in vaccine design requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Katrina J Sharples
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Barrow
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M Williams
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Evelyn Bauer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Wood
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Brigitta Mester
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Marina Dzhelali
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeremy Jones
- GlycoSyn, PO Box 31 310, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Colin M Hayman
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Lower Hutt, 5046, New Zealand
| | - Victoria A Hinder
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jerome Macapagal
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Monica McCusker
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Lower Hutt, 5046, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Findlay
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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Zhang Z, Li FF, Lu MD, Zhang SX, Li YX. Anti-NY-ESO-1 autoantibody may be a tumor marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103283-103289. [PMID: 29262561 PMCID: PMC5732727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody is observed in a multitude of malignancies. This study was aimed to evaluate the expression of serum anti-NY-ESO-1 antibodies and its prognostic value in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 103 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were enrolled in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the serum level of anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody. Western blotting was performed to assess the NY-ESO-1 expression in tumor and adjacent tissues. The serum NY-ESO-1 antibody was detected in 18.4% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a value that was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic Hepatitis B. Serum NY-ESO-1 antibody was positively correlated with tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, cTNM stage and abdominal pain. Finally, there was a higher cumulative survival rate in patients with serum NY-ESO-1 positivity than in those with serum NY-ESO-1 negativity among the patients with stage III + IV. Our data uncovered that NY-ESO-1 antibody might be a helpful tumor marker and prognostic predictor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Dian Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shang-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Rodriguez-Garcia A, Minutolo NG, Robinson JM, Powell DJ. T-cell target antigens across major gynecologic cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:426-435. [PMID: 28377094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have achieved remarkable success in treating different forms of cancer including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, bladder cancer, synovial cell sarcoma, and multiple myeloma using immune checkpoint blockade or gene-engineered T-cells. Although gynecologic cancers have not been historically classified as immunogenic tumors, growing evidence has shown that they are in fact able to elicit endogenous antitumor immune responses suggesting that patients with these cancers may benefit from immunotherapy. Modest clinical success has been accomplished in early trials using immunotherapeutic modalities for major gynecologic cancers including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. Unlike solid cancers with high mutational burdens, or hematologic malignancies where target antigens are expressed homogenously and exclusively by tumor cells, identifying tumor-restricted antigens has been challenging when designing a T-cell targeted therapy for gynecologic tumors. Nevertheless, mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that targeting shared, viral or patient-specific mutated antigens expressed by gynecologic tumors with T-cells may improve patient outcome. Here we review the strengths and weaknesses of targeting these various antigens, as well as provide insight into the future of immunotherapy for gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodriguez-Garcia
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas G Minutolo
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M Robinson
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cooper Cancer Center, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gulley JL, Berzofsky JA, Butler MO, Cesano A, Fox BA, Gnjatic S, Janetzki S, Kalavar S, Karanikas V, Khleif SN, Kirsch I, Lee PP, Maccalli C, Maecker H, Schlom J, Seliger B, Siebert J, Stroncek DF, Thurin M, Yuan J, Butterfield LH. Immunotherapy biomarkers 2016: overcoming the barriers. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:29. [PMID: 28653584 PMCID: PMC5359902 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report summarizes the symposium, 'Immunotherapy Biomarkers 2016: Overcoming the Barriers', which was held on April 1, 2016 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The symposium, cosponsored by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), focused on emerging immunotherapy biomarkers, new technologies, current hurdles to further progress, and recommendations for advancing the field of biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, 10 Center Dr., 13 N240, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, 41 Medlars Dr, Bldg 41 Rm D702D, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center/Ontario Cancer Institute, RM 9-622, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra Cesano
- NanoString, Inc., 500 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, S5-105, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1128, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sylvia Janetzki
- ZellNet Consulting, Inc., 555 North Avenue, Fort Lee, NJ, 07024, USA
| | - Shyam Kalavar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Vaios Karanikas
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CN-2101A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ilan Kirsch
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave. E., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford University Medical Center, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room 8B09, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany
| | - Janet Siebert
- CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO, 80113, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Magdalena Thurin
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer Diagnosis Program, DCTD, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Early Clinical Oncology Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Giavina-Bianchi MH, Giavina-Bianchi Junior PF, Festa Neto C. Melanoma: tumor microenvironment and new treatments. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:156-166. [PMID: 28538872 PMCID: PMC5429098 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent past years, many discoveries in the tumor microenvironment have led to changes in the management of melanoma and it is rising up hopes, specially, to those in advanced stages. FDA approved seven new drugs from 2011 to 2014. They are: Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and Trametinib, kinases inhibitors used for patients that have BRAFV600E mutation; Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4), Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and Nivolumab (anti-PD-1), monoclonal antibodies that stimulate the immune system; and Peginterferon alfa-2b, an anti-proliferative cytokine used as adjuvant therapy. In this article, we will review the molecular bases for these new metastatic melanoma therapeutic agents cited above and also analyze new molecular discoveries in melanoma study, as Cancer-Testis antigens (CT). They are capable of induce humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients and because of this immunogenicity and their restrict expression in normal tissues, they are considered an ideal candidate for vaccine development against cancer. Among CT antigens, NY-ESO-1 is the best characterized in terms of expression patterns and immunogenicity. It is expressed in 20-40% of all melanomas, more in metastatic lesions than in primary ones, and it is very heterogeneous inter and intratumoral. Breslow index is associate with NY-ESO-1 expression in primary cutaneous melanomas, but its relation to patient survival remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyro Festa Neto
- Dermatology Department of Universidade de São Paulo Medical
School (FMUSP) – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Najjar YG, Ding F, Lin Y, VanderWeele R, Butterfield LH, Tarhini AA. Melanoma antigen-specific effector T cell cytokine secretion patterns in patients treated with ipilimumab. J Transl Med 2017; 15:39. [PMID: 28222797 PMCID: PMC5319167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previously reported study, patients with regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant ipilimumab (ipi) (Tarhini in PLoS ONE 9(2): e87705, 3). Significant changes in circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg) and peptide specific type I CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were noted at week 6 that correlated with clinical outcome. Characterization of antigen-specific effector T cell secreted cytokines may shed insights into ipi associated T cell activation and function. Methods Patients were treated with neoadjuvant ipi (10 mg/kg every 3 weeks ×2) administered intravenously before and after surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that were collected at baseline and week 6 (after ipi) were tested here. Each sample was divided into 5 groups and stimulated with controls or shared melanoma antigen overlapping peptide pools (NY-ESO 1, gp-100, MART-1). Secreted cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were assessed using Luminex. Cytokine expression levels between the 3 antigen groups were compared using the Wilcox rank-sum test. Results Seventeen cytokines were differentially expressed with stimulation by each antigen at baseline (p value <0.05): IL1β, MIP1β, IL1RA, VEGF, IL13, IL17, MIP1α, GM-CSF, MCP1, IL5, IL2R, IL4, IL10, IFNγ, TNFα, IL8 and IL2. At week 6, 15 cytokines were differentially expressed (p < 0.05): IL1β, VEGF, G-CSF, HGF, IL13, IL17, GM-CSF, MCP1, IL5, IL7, IL4, IL10, IFNγ, IL8 and IL2. Patients were later clustered based on cytokine expression levels at baseline and at week 6, and recurrence free survival (RFS) was compared. Clear differences in RFS were noted based on cytokine level clustering both at baseline and at week 6: Patients whose PBMCs secreted more cytokines in response to NY-ESO-1 showed a trend towards better RFS. Conclusions PBMCs of patients treated with ipi secreted significantly more cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in response to NY-ESO-1 than to gp-100 or MART-1. These cytokines belonged to different functional groups, including inflammatory, type 1, type 2 and regulatory, that warrant further study. Patients whose PBMCs secreted more cytokines (particularly in response to NY-ESO-1) tended to have better RFS, supporting further exploration in terms of therapeutic predictive value. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1140-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Najjar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Ding
- Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue (555), Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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Bogolyubova AV, Belousov PV. Inflammatory immune infiltration in human tumors: Role in pathogenesis and prognostic and diagnostic value. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1261-1273. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Antigens that may be involved in the immune response to uveal melanoma have not been identified. Cellular and humoral responses to melanoma differentiation antigens, as well as to BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) and α-enolase, alterations of which are associated with metastatic disease, were examined in patients with uveal melanoma. Blood was collected from 66 patients with primary and 13 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. These included 11 patients treated with immunotherapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with gp100, MART-1, tyrosinase, NY-ESO-1, BAP1, and α-enolase peptides and/or proteins, and cytokine production was assessed by bead array or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autoantibodies to the protein were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A cellular or humoral response to one or more of the antigens was observed in 23% of the primary and 62% of the metastatic patients tested. Th1 and Th2 cellular and humoral responses to gp100, MART-1, and tyrosinase were observed in primary and metastatic patients. Cellular responses to NY-ESO-1 were not observed nor were Th17-associated responses. Cellular and humoral responses to BAP1 and α-enolase were also observed, predominantly in primary patients with tumor monosomy-3 and in metastatic patients. Individual patients treated with immunotherapy developed new reactivity to MART-1, tyrosinase, and/or α-enolase. Patients with primary and metastatic uveal melanomas manifest spontaneous immune responses to melanoma differentiation antigens, BAP1, and α-enolase. Both Th1-associated and Th2-associated responses are observed and can be modified by therapy. These results may help the development and monitoring of immunotherapy and studies of immune surveillance in uveal melanoma.
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Xue W, Metheringham RL, Brentville VA, Gunn B, Symonds P, Yagita H, Ramage JM, Durrant LG. SCIB2, an antibody DNA vaccine encoding NY-ESO-1 epitopes, induces potent antitumor immunity which is further enhanced by checkpoint blockade. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1169353. [PMID: 27471648 PMCID: PMC4938367 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1169353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade has demonstrated promising antitumor responses in approximately 10-40% of patients. However, the majority of patients do not make a productive immune response to their tumors and do not respond to checkpoint blockade. These patients may benefit from an effective vaccine that stimulates high-avidity T cell responses in combination with checkpoint blockade. We have previously shown that incorporating TRP-2 and gp100 epitopes into the CDR regions of a human IgG1 DNA (ImmunoBody®: IB) results in significant tumor regression both in animal models and patients. This vaccination strategy is superior to others as it targets antigen to antigen-presenting cells and stimulates high-avidity T cell responses. To broaden the application of this vaccination strategy, 16 NY-ESO-1 epitopes, covering over 80% of HLA phenotypes, were incorporated into the IB (SCIB2). They produced higher frequency and avidity T cell responses than peptide vaccination. These T cells were of sufficient avidity to kill NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells, and in vivo controlled the growth of established B16-NY-ESO-1 tumors, resulting in long-term survival (35%). When SCIB2 was given in combination with Treg depletion, CTLA-4 blockade or PD-1 blockade, long-term survival from established tumors was significantly enhanced to 56, 67 and 100%, respectively. Translating these responses into the clinic by using a combination of SCIB2 vaccination and checkpoint blockade can only further improve clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachael L Metheringham
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria A Brentville
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Barbara Gunn
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judith M Ramage
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus , Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK; Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 and cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:411-39. [PMID: 25917631 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a known cancer testis gene with exceptional immunogenicity and prevalent expression in many cancer types. These characteristics have made it an appropriate vaccine candidate with the potential application against various malignancies. This article reviews recent knowledge about the NY-ESO-1 biology, function, immunogenicity and expression in cancers as well as and the results of clinical trials with this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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Luciferase mRNA Transfection of Antigen Presenting Cells Permits Sensitive Nonradioactive Measurement of Cellular and Humoral Cytotoxicity. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:9540975. [PMID: 27057556 PMCID: PMC4736447 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9540975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is rapidly evolving as an effective treatment option for many cancers. With the emerging fields of cancer vaccines and adoptive cell transfer therapies, there is an increasing demand for high-throughput in vitro cytotoxicity assays that efficiently analyze immune effector functions. The gold standard 51Cr-release assay is very accurate but has the major disadvantage of being radioactive. We reveal the development of a versatile and nonradioactive firefly luciferase in vitro transcribed (IVT) RNA-based assay. Demonstrating high efficiency, consistency, and excellent target cell viability, our optimized luciferase IVT RNA is used to transfect dividing and nondividing primary antigen presenting cells. Together with the long-lasting expression and minimal background, the direct measurement of intracellular luciferase activity of living cells allows for the monitoring of killing kinetics and displays paramount sensitivity. The ability to cotransfect the IVT RNA of the luciferase reporter and the antigen of interest into the antigen presenting cells and its simple read-out procedure render the assay high-throughput in nature. Results generated were comparable to the 51Cr release and further confirmed the assay's ability to measure antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The assay's combined simplicity, practicality, and efficiency tailor it for the analysis of antigen-specific cellular and humoral effector functions during the development of novel immunotherapies.
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Klar AS, Gopinadh J, Kleber S, Wadle A, Renner C. Treatment with 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Induces Expression of NY-ESO-1 and Facilitates Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Tumor Cell Killing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139221. [PMID: 26447882 PMCID: PMC4598131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 belongs to the cancer/testis antigen (CTA) family and represents an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Its expression is induced in a variety of solid tumors via DNA demethylation of the promoter of CpG islands. However, NY-ESO-1 expression is usually very low or absent in some tumors such as breast cancer or multiple myeloma. Therefore, we established an optimized in vitro treatment protocol for up-regulation of NY-ESO-1 expression by tumor cells using the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrated de novo induction of NY-ESO-1 in MCF7 breast cancer cells and significantly increased expression in U266 multiple myeloma cells. This effect was time- and dose-dependent with the highest expression of NY-ESO-1 mRNA achieved by the incubation of 10 μM DAC for 72 hours. NY-ESO-1 activation was also confirmed at the protein level as shown by Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. The detection and quantification of single NY-ESO-1 peptides presented at the tumor cell surface in the context of HLA-A*0201 molecules revealed an increase of 100% and 50% for MCF7 and U266 cells, respectively. Moreover, the enhanced expression of NY-ESO-1 derived peptides at the cell surface was accompanied by an increased specific lysis of MCF7 and U266 cells by HLA-A*0201/NY-ESO-1(157-165) peptide specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) CD8+ T cells. In addition, the killing activity of CAR T cells correlated with the secretion of higher IFN-gamma levels. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that NY-ESO-1 directed immunotherapy with specific CAR T cells might benefit from concomitant DAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S. Klar
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakka Gopinadh
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Kleber
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wadle
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Renner
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lee HJ, Kim JY, Song IH, Park IA, Yu JH, Gong G. Expression of NY-ESO-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Is Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and a Good Prognosis. Oncology 2015; 89:337-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000439535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Varela-Calviño R, Cordero OJ. Stem and immune cells in colorectal primary tumour: Number and function of subsets may diagnose metastasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:68-77. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An important percentage of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, even after a successful curative resection. This leads to a very high mortality rate if metastasis is not detected early on. Disseminated cancer cells develop from metastatic stem cells (MetSCs). Recent knowledge has accumulated about these cells particularly in CRC, so they may now be tracked from the removed primary tumour. This approach could be especially important in prognosis of metastasis because it is becoming clear that metastasis does not particularly rely on testable driver mutations. Among the many traits supporting an epigenetic amplification of cell survival and self-renewal mechanisms of MetSCs, the role of many immune cell populations present in tumour tissues is becoming clear. The amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer cells), dendritic cells and some regulatory populations have already shown prognostic value or to be correlated with disease-free survival time, mainly in immunohistochemistry studies of unique cell populations. Parallel analyses of these immune cell populations together with MetSCs in the primary tumour of patients, with later follow-up data of the patients, will define the usefulness of specific combinations of both immune and MetSCs cell populations. It is expected that these combinations, together to different biomarkers in the form of an immune score, may predict future tumour recurrences, metastases and/or mortality in CRC. It will also support the future design of improved immunotherapeutic approaches against metastasis.
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Chevaleyre C, Benhamouda N, Favry E, Fabre E, Mhoumadi A, Nozach H, Marcon E, Cosler G, Vinatier E, Oudard S, Hans S, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Bats AS, Castelli FA, Tartour E, Maillère B. The Tumor Antigen Cyclin B1 Hosts Multiple CD4 T Cell Epitopes Differently Recognized by Pre-Existing Naive and Memory Cells in Both Healthy and Cancer Donors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1891-901. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cancer-testis antigen SLLP1 represents a promising target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:197. [PMID: 26088750 PMCID: PMC4474344 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) will relapse after an initial response and eventually succumb to their disease. This is due to the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells in the patients’ bone marrow (BM) and immunotherapeutic approaches could contribute to eradicating these remaining cells. We evaluated SLLP1 as a potential
immunotherapeutic target for MM. Methods We determined SLLP1 expression in myeloma cell lines and 394 BM samples from myeloma patients (n = 177) and BM samples from healthy donors (n = 11). 896 blood samples and 64 BM samples from myeloma patients (n = 263) and blood from healthy donors (n = 112) were analyzed for anti-SLLP1 antibodies. Seropositive patients were evaluated regarding SLLP1-specific T cells. Results Most cell lines showed SLLP1 RNA and protein expression while it was absent from normal BM. Of 177 patients 41% evidenced SLLP1 expression at least once during the course of their disease and 44% of newly diagnosed patients were SLLP1-positive. Expression of SLLP1 was associated with adverse cytogenetics and with negative prognostic factors including the patient’s age, number of BM-infiltrating plasma cells, serum albumin, β2-microglobulin, creatinine, and hemoglobin. Among patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation those with SLLP1 expression showed a trend towards a reduced overall survival. Spontaneous anti-SLLP humoral immunity was detectable in 9.5% of patients but none of the seropositive patients evidenced SLLP1-specific T cells. However, antigen-specific T cells could readily be induced in vitro after stimulation with SLLP1. Conclusions SLLP1 represents a promising target for the immunotherapy of MM, in particular for the adoptive transfer of T cell receptor-transduced T cells.
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Germain C, Gnjatic S, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary Lymphoid Structure-Associated B Cells are Key Players in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:67. [PMID: 25755654 PMCID: PMC4337382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now admitted that the immune system plays a major role in tumor control. Besides the existence of tumor-specific T cells and B cells, many studies have demonstrated that high numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with good clinical outcome. In addition, not only the density but also the organization of tumor-infiltrating immune cells has been shown to determine patient survival. Indeed, more and more studies describe the development within the tumor microenvironment of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), whose presence has a positive impact on tumor prognosis. TLS are transient ectopic lymphoid aggregates displaying the same organization and functionality as canonical secondary lymphoid organs, with T-cell-rich and B-cell-rich areas that are sites for the differentiation of effector and memory T cells and B cells. However, factors favoring the emergence of such structures within tumors still need to be fully characterized. In this review, we survey the state of the art of what is known about the general organization, induction, and functionality of TLS during chronic inflammation, and more especially in cancer, with a particular focus on the B-cell compartment. We detail the role played by TLS B cells in anti-tumor immunity, both as antigen-presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells, and raise the question of the capacity of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents to induce the development of TLS within tumors. Finally, we explore how to take advantage of our knowledge on TLS B cells to develop new therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Germain
- Laboratory Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMRS1138 , Paris , France ; UMRS1138, University Pierre and Marie Curie , Paris , France ; UMRS1138, University Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Laboratory Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMRS1138 , Paris , France ; UMRS1138, University Pierre and Marie Curie , Paris , France ; UMRS1138, University Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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