1
|
Ahmed DW, Tan ML, Gabbard J, Liu Y, Hu MM, Stevens M, Midekssa FS, Han L, Zemans RL, Baker BM, Loebel C. Local photo-crosslinking of native tissue matrix regulates cell function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.10.607417. [PMID: 39149281 PMCID: PMC11326225 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.10.607417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Within most tissues, the extracellular microenvironment provides mechanical cues that guide cell fate and function. Changes in the extracellular matrix such as aberrant deposition, densification and increased crosslinking are hallmarks of late-stage fibrotic diseases that often lead to organ dysfunction. Biomaterials have been widely used to mimic the mechanical properties of the fibrotic matrix and study cell function. However, the initiation of fibrosis has largely been overlooked, due to the challenges in recapitulating early fibrotic lesions within the native extracellular microenvironment. Using visible light mediated photochemistry, we induced local crosslinking and stiffening of extracellular matrix proteins within ex vivo murine and human tissue. In ex vivo lung tissue of epithelial cell lineage-traced mice, local matrix crosslinking mimicked early fibrotic lesions that increased alveolar epithelial cell spreading, differentiation and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, inhibition of cytoskeletal tension or integrin engagement reduced epithelial cell spreading and differentiation, resulting in alveolar epithelial cell dedifferentiation and reduced extracellular matrix deposition. Our findings emphasize the role of local extracellular matrix crosslinking and remodeling in early-stage tissue fibrosis and have implications for ex vivo disease modeling and applications to other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donia W Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | - Matthew L Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan
| | | | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University
| | - Michael M Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | - Miriam Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
| | | | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan
| | | | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matos IDA, Dallazen JL, Reis LR, Souza LF, Bevevino RC, de Moura RD, Ronsein GE, Hoch NC, da Costa Júnior NB, Costa SKP, Meotti FC. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Ameliorates Gouty Arthritis: A Virtual Screening Success Story. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12012-12032. [PMID: 38991154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a new approach for identifying myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors with strong in vivo efficacy. By combining inhibitor-like rules and structure-based virtual screening, the pipeline achieved a 70% success rate in discovering diverse, nanomolar-potency reversible inhibitors and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavengers. Mechanistic analysis identified RL6 as a genuine MPO inhibitor and RL7 as a potent HOCl scavenger. Both compounds effectively suppressed HOCl production in cells and neutrophils, with RL6 showing a superior inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap release (NETosis). In a gout arthritis mouse model, intraperitoneal RL6 administration reduced edema, peroxidase activity, and IL-1β levels. RL6 also exhibited oral bioavailability, significantly reducing paw edema when administered orally. This study highlights the efficacy of integrating diverse screening methods to enhance virtual screening success, validating the anti-inflammatory potential of potent inhibitors, and advancing the MPO inhibitor research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac de A Matos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Dallazen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lorenna R Reis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Regina C Bevevino
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael D de Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carlos Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Soraia Kátia P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang R, Hua J, Ru M, Yu M, Wang L, Huang Y, Yan S, Zhang Q, Xu W. Superb Silk Hydrogels with High Adaptability, Bioactivity, and Versatility Enabled by Photo-Cross-Linking. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15312-15325. [PMID: 38809601 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The exceptional biocompatibility and adaptability of hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the biomedical field for the fabrication of biomedical devices. However, conventional synthetic hydrogels still exhibit relatively weak and fragile properties. Drawing inspiration from the photosynthesis process, we developed a facile approach to achieve a harmonious combination of superior mechanical properties and efficient preparation of silk fibroin hydrogel through photo-cross-linking technology, accomplished within 60 s. The utilization of riboflavin and H2O2 enabled a sustainable cyclic photo-cross-linking reaction, facilitating the transformation from tyrosine to dityrosine and ultimately contributing to the formation of highly cross-linked hydrogels. These photo-cross-linking hydrogels exhibited excellent elasticity and restorability even after undergoing 1000 cycles of compression. Importantly, our findings presented that hydrogel-encapsulated adipose stem cells possess the ability to stimulate cell proliferation along with stem cell stemness. This was evidenced by the continuous high expression levels of OCT4 and SOX2 over 21 days. Additionally, the utilization of photo-cross-linking hydrogels can be extended to various material molding platforms, including microneedles, microcarriers, and bone screws. Consequently, this study offered a significant approach to fabricating biomedical hydrogels capable of facilitating real-time cell delivery, thereby introducing an innovative avenue for designing silk devices with exceptional machinability and adaptability in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiahui Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Min Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Meng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kietzmann T. Vitamin C: From nutrition to oxygen sensing and epigenetics. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102753. [PMID: 37263060 PMCID: PMC10245123 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is unbeatable - at least when it comes to sales. Of all the vitamin preparations, those containing vitamin C sell best. This is surprising because vitamin C deficiency is extremely rare. Nevertheless, there is still controversy about whether the additional intake of vitamin C supplements is essential for our health. In this context, the possible additional benefit is in most cases merely reduced to the known effect as an antioxidant. However, new findings in recent years on the mechanisms of oxygen-sensing and epigenetic control underpin the multifaceted role of vitamin C in a biological context and have therefore renewed interest in it. In the present article, therefore, known facts are linked to these new key data. In addition, available clinical data on vitamin C use of cancer therapy are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Domán A, Dóka É, Garai D, Bogdándi V, Balla G, Balla J, Nagy P. Interactions of reactive sulfur species with metalloproteins. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102617. [PMID: 36738685 PMCID: PMC9926313 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) entail a diverse family of sulfur derivatives that have emerged as important effector molecules in H2S-mediated biological events. RSS (including H2S) can exert their biological roles via widespread interactions with metalloproteins. Metalloproteins are essential components along the metabolic route of oxygen in the body, from the transport and storage of O2, through cellular respiration, to the maintenance of redox homeostasis by elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, heme peroxidases contribute to immune defense by killing pathogens using oxygen-derived H2O2 as a precursor for stronger oxidants. Coordination and redox reactions with metal centers are primary means of RSS to alter fundamental cellular functions. In addition to RSS-mediated metalloprotein functions, the reduction of high-valent metal centers by RSS results in radical formation and opens the way for subsequent per- and polysulfide formation, which may have implications in cellular protection against oxidative stress and in redox signaling. Furthermore, recent findings pointed out the potential role of RSS as substrates for mitochondrial energy production and their cytoprotective capacity, with the involvement of metalloproteins. The current review summarizes the interactions of RSS with protein metal centers and their biological implications with special emphasis on mechanistic aspects, sulfide-mediated signaling, and pathophysiological consequences. A deeper understanding of the biological actions of reactive sulfur species on a molecular level is primordial in H2S-related drug development and the advancement of redox medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Domán
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Dóka
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Garai
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virág Bogdándi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group, 11003, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, ELKH Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou M, Liang S, Liu D, Ma K, Peng Y, Wang Z. Engineered Nanoprobes for Immune Activation Monitoring. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19940-19958. [PMID: 36454191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the immune system is critical for cancer immunotherapy and treatments of inflammatory diseases. Non-invasive visualization of immunoactivation is designed to monitor the dynamic nature of the immune response and facilitate the assessment of therapeutic outcomes, which, however, remains challenging. Conventional imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography, computed tomography, etc., were utilized for imaging immune-related biomarkers. To explore the dynamic immune monitoring, probes with signals correlated to biomarkers of immune activation or prognosis are urgently needed. These emerging molecular probes, which turn on the signal only in the presence of the intended biomarker, can improve the detection specificity. These probes with "turn on" signals enable non-invasive, dynamic, and real-time imaging with high sensitivity and efficiency, showing significance for multifunctionality/multimodality imaging. As a result, more and more innovative engineered nanoprobes combined with diverse imaging modalities were developed to assess the activation of the immune system. In this work, we comprehensively review the recent and emerging advances in engineered nanoprobes for monitoring immune activation in cancer or other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential in predicting the efficacy following treatments. Research on real-time in vivo immunoimaging is still under exploration, and this review can provide guidance and facilitate the development and application of next-generation imaging technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vakhrusheva TV, Sokolov AV, Moroz GD, Kostevich VA, Gorbunov NP, Smirnov IP, Grafskaia EN, Latsis IA, Panasenko OM, Lazarev VN. Effects of Synthetic Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides on the Catalytic Activity of Myeloperoxidase, Reducing Its Oxidative Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122419. [PMID: 36552626 PMCID: PMC9774438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have gained attention as promising antimicrobial therapeutics causing lower or no bacterial resistance. Considerable achievements have been made in designing new CAMPs that are highly active as antimicrobials. However, there is a lack of research on their interaction with biologically important proteins. This study focused on CAMPs' effects on myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme which is microbicidal and concomitantly damaging to host biomolecules and cells due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen and halogen species (ROS/RHS). Four CAMPs designed by us were employed. MPO catalytic activity was assessed by an absorbance spectra analysis and by measuring enzymatic activity using Amplex Red- and Celestine Blue B-based assays. The peptide Hm-AMP2 accelerated MPO turnover. Pept_1545 and Hm-AMP8 inhibited both the MPO chlorinating and peroxidase activities, with components of different inhibition types. Hm-AMP8 was a stronger inhibitor. Its Ki towards H2O2 and Cl- was 0.3-0.4 μM vs. 11-20 μM for pept_1545. Peptide tyrosine and cysteine residues were involved in the mechanisms of the observed effects. The results propose a possible dual role of CAMPs as both antimicrobial agents and agents that downregulate MPO activation, and suggest CAMPs as prototypes for the development of antioxidant compounds to prevent MPO-mediated ROS/RHS overproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Vakhrusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grigoriy D. Moroz
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow Region, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valeria A. Kostevich
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay P. Gorbunov
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor P. Smirnov
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Grafskaia
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Latsis
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Panasenko
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili N. Lazarev
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow Region, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Furuno K, Suzuki K, Sakai S. Gelatin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers Cross-Linked Using Horseradish Peroxidase for Plasmid DNA Delivery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1638. [PMID: 36358988 PMCID: PMC9687400 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acids is indispensable for tissue engineering and gene therapy. However, the current approaches involving DNA/RNA delivery by systemic and local injections face issues such as clearance, off-target distribution, and tissue damage. In this study, we report plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery using gelatin electrospun nanofibers obtained through horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated insolubilization. The nanofibers were obtained through the electrospinning of an aqueous solution containing gelatin possessing phenolic hydroxyl (Ph) moieties (Gelatin-Ph) and HRP with subsequent HRP-mediated cross-linking of the Ph moieties by exposure to air containing 16 ppm H2O2 for 30 min. Then, Lipofectamine/pDNA complexes were immobilized on the nanofibers through immersion in the solution containing the pDNA complexes, resulting in transfection and sustained delivery of pDNA. Cells cultured on the resultant nanofibers expressed genome-editing molecules including Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA), resulting in targeted gene knock-in and knock-out. These results demonstrated the potential of Gelatin-Ph nanofibers obtained through electrospinning and subsequent HRP-mediated cross-linking for gene therapy and tissue regeneration by genome editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Furuno
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakai
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alsharabasy AM, Glynn S, Farràs P, Pandit A. Protein nitration induced by Hemin/NO: A complementary mechanism through the catalytic functions of hemin and NO-scavenging. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:49-67. [PMID: 35513288 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemin and heme-peroxidases have been considered essential catalysts for the nitrite/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated protein nitration in vitro, understood as one of the main pathways for protein modification in biological systems. However, the role of nitric oxide (●NO) in the heme/hemin-induced protein nitration has not been studied in-depth. This is despite its reductive nitrosylating effects following binding to hemin and the possible involvement of the reactive nitrogen species in the nitration of various functional proteins. Here, the ●NO-binding affinity of hemin has been studied along with the influence of ●NO on the internalization of hemin into MDA-MB-231 cells and the accompanying changes in the profile of intracellular nitrated proteins. Moreover, to further understand the mechanism involved, bovine serum albumin (BSA) nitration was studied after treatment with hemin and ●NO, with an investigation of the effects of pH of the reaction medium, generation of H2O2, and the oxidation of the tyrosine residues as the primary sites for the nitration. We demonstrated that hemin nitrosylation enhanced its cellular uptake and induced the one-electron oxidation and nitration of different intracellular proteins along with its ●NO-scavenging efficiency. Moreover, the hemin/NO-mediated BSA nitration was proved to be dependent on the concentration of ●NO and the pH of the reaction medium, with a vital role being played by the scavenging effects of protein for the free hemin molecules. Collectively, our results reaffirm the involvement of hemin and ●NO in the nitration mechanism, where the nitrosylation products can induce protein nitration while promoting the effects of the components of the nitrite/H2O2-mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon Glynn
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; School of Chemistry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng G, Shi R. Mammalian peroxidasin (PXDN): From physiology to pathology. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:100-107. [PMID: 35219848 PMCID: PMC8957557 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heme-containing peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of a variety of substrates by consuming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and play diversified roles in physiology and pathology including innate immunity, the synthesis of thyroid hormone and the extracellular matrix, as well as the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. Peroxidasin (PXDN), also known as Vascular Peroxidase-1 (VPO1), is a newly identified peroxidase and expresses in multiple cells and tissues including cardiovascular system and the lung. Recent studies imply its roles in the innate immunity, cardiovascular physiology and diseases, and extracellular matrix formation. Studies on the role of PXDN in human diseases are entering a new and exciting stage, and this review provides the insights into this emerging field of PXDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Imaging of innate immunity activation in vivo with a redox-tuned PET reporter. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:965-973. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Nyssen P, Maho A, Malempre R, Matagne A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Hoebeke M. Propofol inhibits the myeloperoxidase activity by acting as substrate through a redox process. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130100. [PMID: 35150774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is frequently used as intravenous anesthetic agent, especially in its injectable form (Diprivan), to initiate and maintain sedative state during surgery or in intensive care units. Numerous studies have reported the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of propofol. The oxidant enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), released from activated neutrophils, plays a key role in host defense. An increase of the circulating MPO concentration has been observed in patients admitted in intensive care unit and presenting a systemic inflammatory response related to septic shock or trauma. METHODS This study investigates the immunomodulatory action of propofol and Diprivan as inhibitor of the oxidant activity of MPO. The understanding of the redox action mechanism of propofol and Diprivan on the myeloperoxidase chlorination and peroxidase activities has been refined using the combination of fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies with docking and cyclic voltammetry. RESULTS Propofol acts as a reversible MPO inhibitor. The molecule interacts as a reducing substrate in the peroxidase cycle and promotes the accumulation of compound II. At acidic pH (5.5), propofol and Diprivan do not inhibit the chlorination activity, but their action increases at physiological pH (7.4). The main inhibitory action of Diprivan could be attributed to its HOCl scavenging property. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Propofol can act as a reversible MPO inhibitor at clinical concentrations. This property could, in addition to other previously proven anti-inflammatory actions, induce an immunomodulatory action, beneficial during clinical use, particularly in the treatment of systemic inflammation response syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nyssen
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B5a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - A Maho
- Greenmat, Department of Chemistry, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B6c, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R Malempre
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Mouithys-Mickalad
- CORD, Department of Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Building B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 13, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Hoebeke
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, University of Liège, Building B5a, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, 19, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arnhold J. Heme Peroxidases at Unperturbed and Inflamed Mucous Surfaces. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111805. [PMID: 34829676 PMCID: PMC8614983 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In our organism, mucous surfaces are important boundaries against the environmental milieu with defined fluxes of metabolites through these surfaces and specific rules for defense reactions. Major mucous surfaces are formed by epithelia of the respiratory system and the digestive tract. The heme peroxidases lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) contribute to immune protection at epithelial surfaces and in secretions. Whereas LPO is secreted from epithelial cells and maintains microbes in surface linings on low level, MPO and EPO are released from recruited neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, at inflamed mucous surfaces. Activated heme peroxidases are able to oxidize (pseudo)halides to hypohalous acids and hypothiocyanite. These products are involved in the defense against pathogens, but can also contribute to cell and tissue damage under pathological conditions. This review highlights the beneficial and harmful functions of LPO, MPO, and EPO at unperturbed and inflamed mucous surfaces. Among the disorders, special attention is directed to cystic fibrosis and allergic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kargapolova Y, Geißen S, Zheng R, Baldus S, Winkels H, Adam M. The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Function of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Inflammatory Communication. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040562. [PMID: 33916434 PMCID: PMC8066882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is a signature enzyme of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in mice and humans. Being a component of circulating white blood cells, myeloperoxidase plays multiple roles in various organs and tissues and facilitates their crosstalk. Here, we describe the current knowledge on the tissue- and lineage-specific expression of myeloperoxidase, its well-studied enzymatic activity and incoherently understood non-enzymatic role in various cell types and tissues. Further, we elaborate on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the complex context of cardiovascular disease, innate and autoimmune response, development and progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Folkes LK, Bartesaghi S, Trujillo M, Wardman P, Radi R. The effects of nitric oxide or oxygen on the stable products formed from the tyrosine phenoxyl radical. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:141-153. [PMID: 33399021 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1870684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine is a critical component of many proteins and can be the subject of oxidative posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, the oxidation of tyrosine residues to phenoxyl radicals, sometimes quite stable, is essential for some enzymatic functions. The lifetime and fate of tyrosine phenoxyl radicals in biological systems are largely driven by the availability and proximity of oxidants and reductants. Tyrosine phenoxyl radicals have extremely low reactivity with molecular oxygen whereas reactions with nitric oxide are diffusion controlled. This is in contrast to equivalent reactions with tryptophanyl and cysteinyl radicals where reactions with oxygen are much faster. Despite, the quite disparate apparent reactivity of tyrosine phenoxyl radicals with oxygen and nitric oxide being known, the products of the reactions are not well established. Changes in the levels from expected basal concentrations of stable products resulting from tyrosine phenoxyl radicals, for example naturally occurring 3,3'-dityrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 3-hydroxytyrosine, can be indicative of oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Using the radiolytic generation of specific oxidizing radicals to form tyrosine phenoxyl radicals in an aqueous solution at a known rate, we have compared the products in the absence and presence of nitric oxide or oxygen. Possible reactions of the phenoxyl radicals with oxygen remain unclear although we show evidence for a small decrease in the yield of dityrosine and loss of tyrosine in the presence of 20% oxygen. Low concentrations of nitric oxide in anoxic conditions react with tyrosine phenoxyl radicals, by what is most probably through the formation of an unstable intermediate, regenerating tyrosine and forming nitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Folkes
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Peter Wardman
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
3-Nitrotyrosine and related derivatives in proteins: precursors, radical intermediates and impact in function. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:111-133. [PMID: 32016371 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modification of proteins by molecular oxygen (O2)- and nitric oxide (•NO)-derived reactive species is a usual process that occurs in mammalian tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions and can exert either regulatory or cytotoxic effects. Although the side chain of several amino acids is prone to experience oxidative modifications, tyrosine residues are one of the preferred targets of one-electron oxidants, given the ability of their phenolic side chain to undergo reversible one-electron oxidation to the relatively stable tyrosyl radical. Naturally occurring as reversible catalytic intermediates at the active site of a variety of enzymes, tyrosyl radicals can also lead to the formation of several stable oxidative products through radical-radical reactions, as is the case of 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr). The formation of NO2Tyr mainly occurs through the fast reaction between the tyrosyl radical and nitrogen dioxide (•NO2). One of the key endogenous nitrating agents is peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the product of the reaction of superoxide radical (O2•-) with •NO, but ONOO--independent mechanisms of nitration have been also disclosed. This chemical modification notably affects the physicochemical properties of tyrosine residues and because of this, it can have a remarkable impact on protein structure and function, both in vitro and in vivo. Although low amounts of NO2Tyr are detected under basal conditions, significantly increased levels are found at pathological states related with an overproduction of reactive species, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and aging. While NO2Tyr is a well-established stable oxidative stress biomarker and a good predictor of disease progression, its role as a pathogenic mediator has been laboriously defined for just a small number of nitrated proteins and awaits further studies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Samuni A, Goldstein S. Hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration: The role of their respective nitroxide radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:837-844. [PMID: 32866620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, nitroxide antioxidants distribute within minutes throughout all tissues, but are reduced to their respective hydroxylamines due to the cellular reducing environment, which apparently limits their application. To distinguish their antioxidative activity from that of their respective nitroxides, the kinetics and mechanism of their inhibitory effect on the enzymatic oxidation and nitration of tyrosine have been studied. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxylamines on the oxidation and nitration of tyrosine induced by HRP/H2O2 and HRP/H2O2/nitrite was investigated by following the kinetics of the formation of their respective nitroxides, H2O2 decomposition, release of O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. The distinction between the antioxidative activities of nitroxides and of their respective hydroxylamines is hindered due to oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides, which catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The results demonstrate that (i) hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration and their inhibitory effect increases as the reduction potential of their respective nitroxides decreases; (ii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than the 5-membered hydroxylamine derived from 3-carbamoyl proxyl and (iii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are as effective antioxidants as their respective nitroxides, whereas the 3-carbamoyl proxyl is even a weaker antioxidant than its respective hydroxylamine. In general, cyclic hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than common antioxidants such as ascorbic and uric acids, which are depleted giving rise to secondary radicals that, might be toxic. In the case of hydroxylamines, the secondary radicals are their respective nitroxides, which are efficient catalytic antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arnhold J. The Dual Role of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8057. [PMID: 33137905 PMCID: PMC7663354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major constituent of neutrophils. As a key mediator of the innate immune system, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites, where they recognize, phagocytose, and inactivate foreign microorganisms. In the newly formed phagosomes, MPO is involved in the creation and maintenance of an alkaline milieu, which is optimal in combatting microbes. Myeloperoxidase is also a key component in neutrophil extracellular traps. These helpful properties are contrasted by the release of MPO and other neutrophil constituents from necrotic cells or as a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Although MPO is inactivated by the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, it can interact with negatively charged components of serum and the extracellular matrix. In cardiovascular diseases and many other disease scenarios, active MPO and MPO-modified targets are present in atherosclerotic lesions and other disease-specific locations. This implies an involvement of neutrophils, MPO, and other neutrophil products in pathogenesis mechanisms. This review critically reflects on the beneficial and harmful functions of MPO against the background of immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04 107 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mishra OP, Popov AV, Pietrofesa RA, Hwang WT, Andrake M, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Christofidou-Solomidou M. Radiation activates myeloperoxidase (MPO) to generate active chlorine species (ACS) via a dephosphorylation mechanism - inhibitory effect of LGM2605. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129548. [PMID: 32035161 PMCID: PMC8413008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation exposure of tissues is associated with inflammatory cell influx. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme expressed in granulocytes, such as neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages, responsible for active chlorine species (ACS) generation. The present study aimed to: 1) determine whether exposure to γ-irradiation induces MPO-dependent ACS generation in murine PMN; 2) elucidate the mechanism of radiation-induced ACS generation; and 3) evaluate the effect of the synthetic lignan LGM2605, known for ACS scavenging properties. METHODS MPO-dependent ACS generation was determined by using hypochlorite-specific 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) and a highly potent MPO inhibitor, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH), and confirmed in PMN derived from MPO-/- mice. Radiation-induced MPO activation was determined by EPR spectroscopy and computational analysis identified tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues near MPO's active site. RESULTS γ-radiation increased MPO-dependent ACS generation dose-dependently in human MPO and in wild-type murine PMN, but not in PMN from MPO-/- mice. LGM2605 decreased radiation-induced, MPO-dependent ACS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PSTP) inhibitors decreased the radiation-induced increase in ACS. Peroxidase cycle results demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation blocks MPO Compound I formation by preventing catalysis on H2O2 in the active site of MPO. EPR data demonstrate that γ-radiation increased tyrosyl radical species formation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that γ-radiation induces MPO-dependent generation of ACS, which is dependent, at least in part, by protein tyrosine and Ser/Thr dephosphorylation and is reduced by LGM2605. This study identified for the first time a novel protein dephosphorylation-dependent mechanism of radiation-induced MPO activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om P Mishra
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Mark Andrake
- Molecular Modeling Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States of America.
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. The Role of Myeloperoxidase in Biomolecule Modification, Chronic Inflammation, and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:957-981. [PMID: 31989833 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by activated leukocytes is critical in innate immune responses. MPO produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other strong oxidants, which kill bacteria and other invading pathogens. However, MPO also drives the development of numerous chronic inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, lung disease, arthritis, cancer, and kidney disease, which are globally responsible for significant patient mortality and morbidity. Recent Advances: The development of imaging approaches to precisely identify the localization of MPO and the molecular targets of HOCl in vivo is an important advance, as typically the involvement of MPO in inflammatory disease has been inferred by its presence, together with the detection of biomarkers of HOCl, in biological fluids or diseased tissues. This will provide valuable information in regard to the cell types responsible for releasing MPO in vivo, together with new insight into potential therapeutic opportunities. Critical Issues: Although there is little doubt as to the value of MPO inhibition as a protective strategy to mitigate tissue damage during chronic inflammation in experimental models, the impact of long-term inhibition of MPO as a therapeutic strategy for human disease remains uncertain, in light of the potential effects on innate immunity. Future Directions: The development of more targeted MPO inhibitors or a treatment regimen designed to reduce MPO-associated host tissue damage without compromising pathogen killing by the innate immune system is therefore an important future direction. Similarly, a partial MPO inhibition strategy may be sufficient to maintain adequate bacterial activity while decreasing the propagation of inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maimon E, Samuni A, Goldstein S. Mechanistic insight into the catalytic inhibition by nitroxides of tyrosine oxidation and nitration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129403. [PMID: 31356821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroxide antioxidants (RNO•) protect from injuries associated with oxidative stress. Tyrosine residues in proteins are major targets for oxidizing species giving rise to irreversible cross-linking and protein nitration, but the mechanisms underlying the protective activity of RNO• on these processes are not sufficiently clear. METHODS Tyrosine oxidation by the oxoammonium cation (RN+=O) was studied by following the kinetics of RNO• formation using EPR spectroscopy. Tyrosine oxidation and nitration were investigated using the peroxidase/H2O2 system without and with nitrite. The inhibitory effect of RNO• on these processes was studied by following the kinetics of the evolved O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. RESULTS Tyrosine ion is readily oxidized by RN+=O, and the equilibrium constant of this reaction depends on RNO• structure and reduction potential. RNO• catalytically inhibits tyrosine oxidation and nitration since it scavenges both tyrosyl and •NO2 radicals while recycling through RN+=O reduction by H2O2, tyrosine and nitrite. The inhibitory effect of nitroxide on tyrosine oxidation and nitration increases as its reduction potential decreases where the 6-membered ring nitroxides are better catalysts than the 5-membered ones. CONCLUSIONS Nitroxides catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The proposed reaction mechanism adequately fits the results explaining the dependence of the nitroxide inhibitory effect on its reduction potential and on the concentrations of the reducing species present in the system. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Nitroxides protect against both oxidative and nitrative damage. The proposed reaction mechanism further emphasizes the role of the reducing environment to the efficacy of these catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev and Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vlasova II, Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Mikhalchik EV, Vasilyev VB. Myeloperoxidase-Induced Oxidation of Albumin and Ceruloplasmin: Role of Tyrosines. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:652-662. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Ali I, Khan SN, Chatzicharalampous C, Bai D, Abu-Soud HM. Catalase prevents myeloperoxidase self-destruction in response to oxidative stress. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 197:110706. [PMID: 31103890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxiase (MPO) are heme-containing enzymes that have attracted attention for their role in the etiology of numerous respiratory disorders such as cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma, and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, information regarding the interrelationship and competition between the two enzymes, free iron accumulation, and decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants at sites of inflammation is still lacking. Myeloperoxidase catalyzes the generation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-). Self-generated HOCl has recently been proposed to auto-inhibit MPO through a mechanism that involves MPO heme destruction. Here, we investigate the interplay of MPO, HOCl, and CAT during catalysis, and explore the crucial role of MPO inhibitors and HOCl scavengers in protecting the catalytic site from protein modification of both enzymes against oxidative damage mediated by HOCl. We showed that CAT not only competes with MPO for H2O2 but also scavenges HOCl. The protective role provided by CAT versus the damaging effect provided by HOCl depends in part on the ratio between MPO/CAT and the affinity of the enzymes towards H2O2 versus HOCl. The severity of such damaging effects mainly depends on the ratio of HOCl to enzyme heme content. In addition to its effect in mediating protein modification and aggregation, HOCl oxidatively destroys the catalytic sites of the enzymes, which contain porphyrin rings and iron. Thus, modulation of MPO/CAT activities may be a fundamental feature of catalysis, and functions to down-regulate HOCl synthesis and prevent hemoprotein heme destruction and/or protein modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 7, Palestine
| | - Sana N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - David Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Minkoff BB, Bruckbauer ST, Sabat G, Cox MM, Sussman MR. Covalent Modification of Amino Acids and Peptides Induced by Ionizing Radiation from an Electron Beam Linear Accelerator Used in Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2019; 191:447-459. [PMID: 30849023 PMCID: PMC6506356 DOI: 10.1667/rr15288.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To identify modifications to amino acids that are directly induced by ionizing radiation, free amino acids and 3-residue peptides were irradiated using a linear accelerator (Linac) radiotherapy device. Mass spectrometry was performed to detail the relative sensitivity to radiation as well as identify covalent, radiation-dependent adducts. The order of reactivity of the 20 common amino acids was generally in agreement with published literature except for His (most reactive of the 20) and Cys (less reactive). Novel and previously identified modifications on the free amino acids were detected. Amino acids were far less reactive when flanked by glycine residues in a tripeptide. Order of reactivity, with GVG most and GEG least, was substantially altered, as were patterns of modification. Radiation reactivity of amino acids is clearly and strongly affected by conversion of the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups to peptide bonds, and the presence of neighboring amino acid residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Minkoff
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Steven T. Bruckbauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Grzegorz Sabat
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael M. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael R. Sussman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dunford HB. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Mammalian Heme Peroxidase Reactions. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967405779134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of action of the most intensively studied mammalian peroxidases, myeloperoxidase and prostaglandin H synthase are critically reviewed. Evidence against currently favored mechanisms is presented. It is shown that myeloperoxidase has a strong defence mechanism against free hypochlorous acid, commonly thought to be its principal product in its bactericidal activity. Rather, after its two-electron oxidation of chloride ion, myeloperoxidase rapidly converts it into an enzyme-bound chlorinating intermediate, most likely a chlorinated distal imidazole ring. This species chlorinates taurine which may either be a transfer agent of Cl+ to other species or may act directly in attack on invading microorganisms. The currently favored mechanism of action of prostaglandin H synthase-1 is a branching chain mechanism in which Compound I is converted into a species containing a tyrosyl radical on the opposite side of the enzyme. Once the tyrosyl radical is formed it converts arachidonic acid into a peroxide in a cyclooxygenase reaction, independent of the peroxidase activity. This mechanism cannot explain the enhancing effect of small free radical scavengers, nor the fact that peroxidase activity continues unabated while the cyclooxygenase reaction is proceeding, nor the 2: 1 ratio of small free radical scavenger to arachidonic acid consumption. A tightly coupling of peroxidase and cycloxygenase reactions appears to be the steady state mechanism, and the branching chain mechanism, if it occurs, is confined to a burst transient state phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Brian Dunford
- Emeritus Professor of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2 Current address: 1119 Pecan Lake Court, Stillwater, OK, USA 74074-1181 Phone/Fax 405-624-3322
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vlasova II. Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control. Molecules 2018; 23:E2561. [PMID: 30297621 PMCID: PMC6222727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate free radicals in the peroxidase cycle and (pseudo)hypohalous acids in the halogenation cycle. The major true peroxidases are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase and lactoperoxidase. (2) Pseudo-peroxidases perform various important functions in the body, but under the influence of external conditions they can display peroxidase-like activity. As oxidative intermediates, these peroxidases produce not only active heme compounds, but also protein-based tyrosyl radicals. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c/cardiolipin complexes and cytoglobin are considered as pseudo-peroxidases. Рeroxidases play an important role in innate immunity and in a number of physiologically important processes like apoptosis and cell signaling. Unfavorable excessive peroxidase activity is implicated in oxidative damage of cells and tissues, thereby initiating the variety of human diseases. Hence, regulation of peroxidase activity is of considerable importance. Since peroxidases differ in structure, properties and location, the mechanisms controlling peroxidase activity and the biological effects of peroxidase products are specific for each hemoprotein. This review summarizes the knowledge about the properties, activities, regulations and biological effects of true and pseudo-peroxidases in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying beneficial and adverse effects of this class of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Myeloperoxidase in the inflamed colon: A novel target for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 645:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
29
|
Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nicolussi A, Auer M, Sevcnikar B, Paumann-Page M, Pfanzagl V, Zámocký M, Hofbauer S, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Posttranslational modification of heme in peroxidases – Impact on structure and catalysis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 643:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
31
|
Forbes LV, Kettle AJ. A multi-substrate assay for finding physiologically effective inhibitors of myeloperoxidase. Anal Biochem 2018; 544:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
32
|
Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Isaschar-Ovdat S, Fishman A. Mechanistic insights into tyrosinase-mediated crosslinking of soy glycinin derived peptides. Food Chem 2017; 232:587-594. [PMID: 28490115 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) was previously used to modulate soy glycinin-based emulsions and gels. To study the crosslinking mechanism, TyrBm oxidation of three tyrosine-containing octapeptides derived from glycinin was analyzed by oxygen consumption measurements, absorbance and mass spectrometry. A significant lag period and lower activity were measured when tyrosine was located in the middle of the peptide chain. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that these peptides are crosslinked via the oxidative quinone ring of the tyrosine residue by aryl-alkylamine addition or aryloxy radical coupling to form di-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). In contrast, peptides containing tyrosine in the N- or C-terminus, were rapidly oxidized forming multimer units within thirty minutes. When small amino acids were adjacent to the terminus tyrosine, formation of di-tyrosine was observed. This work confirms that protein crosslinking by TyrBm occurs by several chemical mechanisms and may assist in designing peptide-based inhibitors for the food and cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Isaschar-Ovdat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tang N, Skibsted LH. Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer in Deactivation of Iron(IV) Binding Protein by Tyrosine Based Food Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6195-6210. [PMID: 28681604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The iron(IV) binding protein ferrylmyoglobin, MbFe(IV)═O, was found to be reduced by tyrosine based food components in aqueous solution through a sequential proton loss electron transfer reaction mechanism without binding to the protein as confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Dopamine and epinephrine are the most efficient food components reducing ferrylmyoglobin to oxymyoglobin, MbFe(II)O2, and metmyoglobin, MbFe(III), as revealed by multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares with second order rate constants of 33.6 ± 2.3 L/mol/s (ΔH⧧ of 19 ± 5 kJ/mol, ΔS⧧ of -136 ± 18 J/mol K) and 228.9 ± 13.3 L/mol/s (ΔH⧧ of 110 ± 7 kJ/mol, ΔS⧧ of 131 ± 25 J/mol K), respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. The other tyrosine based food components were found to reduce ferrylmyoglobin to metmyoglobin with similar reduction rates at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. These reduction reactions were enhanced by protonation of ferrylmyoglobin and facilitated proton transfer at acidic conditions. Enthalpy-entropy compensation effects were observed for the activation parameters (ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧), indicating the common reaction mechanism. Moreover, principal component analysis combined with heat map were performed to understand the relationship between density functional theory calculated molecular descriptors and kinetic data, which was further modeled by partial least squares for quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. In addition, a three tyrosine residue containing protein, lysozyme, was also found to be able to reduce ferrylmyoglobin with a second order rate constant of 66 ± 28 L/mol/s as determined by a competitive kinetic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bartesaghi S, Herrera D, Martinez DM, Petruk A, Demicheli V, Trujillo M, Martí MA, Estrín DA, Radi R. Tyrosine oxidation and nitration in transmembrane peptides is connected to lipid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 622:9-25. [PMID: 28412156 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine nitration is an oxidative post-translational modification that can occur in proteins associated to hydrophobic bio-structures such as membranes and lipoproteins. In this work, we have studied tyrosine nitration in membranes using a model system consisting of phosphatidylcholine liposomes with pre-incorporated tyrosine-containing 23 amino acid transmembrane peptides. Tyrosine residues were located at positions 4, 8 or 12 of the amino terminal, resulting in different depths in the bilayer. Tyrosine nitration was accomplished by exposure to peroxynitrite and a peroxyl radical donor or hemin in the presence of nitrite. In egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes, nitration was highest for the peptide with tyrosine at position 8 and dramatically increased as a function of oxygen levels. Molecular dynamics studies support that the proximity of the tyrosine phenolic ring to the linoleic acid peroxyl radicals contributes to the efficiency of tyrosine oxidation. In turn, α-tocopherol inhibited both lipid peroxidation and tyrosine nitration. The mechanism of tyrosine nitration involves a "connecting reaction" by which lipid peroxyl radicals oxidize tyrosine to tyrosyl radical and was fully recapitulated by computer-assisted kinetic simulations. Altogether, this work underscores unique characteristics of the tyrosine oxidation and nitration process in lipid-rich milieu that is fueled via the lipid peroxidation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Daniel Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Débora M Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ariel Petruk
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Universitaria, Pab 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Universitaria, Pab 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A Estrín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Universitaria, Pab 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maiocchi SL, Morris JC, Rees MD, Thomas SR. Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:90-115. [PMID: 28344126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte-derived heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released extracellularly during inflammation and impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by directly oxidizing NO or producing NO-consuming substrate radicals. Here, structurally diverse pharmacological agents with activities as MPO substrates/inhibitors or antioxidants were screened for their effects on MPO NO oxidase activity in human plasma and physiological model systems containing endogenous MPO substrates/antioxidants (tyrosine, urate, ascorbate). Hydrazide-based irreversible/reversible MPO inhibitors (4-ABAH, isoniazid) or the sickle cell anaemia drug, hydroxyurea, all promoted MPO NO oxidase activity. This involved the capacity of NO to antagonize MPO inhibition by hydrazide-derived radicals and/or the ability of drug-derived radicals to stimulate MPO turnover thereby increasing NO consumption by MPO redox intermediates or NO-consuming radicals. In contrast, the mechanism-based irreversible MPO inhibitor 2-thioxanthine, potently inhibited MPO turnover and NO consumption. Although the phenolics acetaminophen and resveratrol initially increased MPO turnover and NO consumption, they limited the overall extent of NO loss by rapidly depleting H2O2 and promoting the formation of ascorbyl radicals, which inefficiently consume NO. The vitamin E analogue trolox inhibited MPO NO oxidase activity in ascorbate-depleted fluids by scavenging NO-consuming tyrosyl and urate radicals. Tempol and related nitroxides decreased NO consumption in ascorbate-replete fluids by scavenging MPO-derived ascorbyl radicals. Indoles or apocynin yielded marginal effects. Kinetic analyses rationalized differences in drug activities and identified criteria for the improved inhibition of MPO NO oxidase activity. This study reveals that widely used agents have important implications for MPO NO oxidase activity under physiological conditions, highlighting new pharmacological strategies for preserving NO bioavailability during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Maiocchi
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Rees
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chlorinated Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: (Patho)physiological Relevance, Potential Toxicity, and Analysis of Lipid Chlorohydrins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8386362. [PMID: 28090245 PMCID: PMC5206476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8386362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated phospholipids are formed by the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase under inflammatory conditions, and the unsaturated fatty acyl residues or the head group. In the first case the generated chlorohydrins are both proinflammatory and cytotoxic, thus having a significant impact on the structures of biomembranes. The latter case leads to chloramines, the properties of which are by far less well understood. Since HOCl is also widely used as a disinfecting and antibacterial agent in medicinal, industrial, and domestic applications, it may represent an additional source of danger in the case of abuse or mishandling. This review discusses the reaction behavior of in vivo generated HOCl and biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates but will focus on phospholipids. Not only the beneficial and pathological (toxic) effects of chlorinated lipids but also the importance of these chlorinated species is discussed. Some selected cleavage products of (chlorinated) phospholipids and plasmalogens such as lysophospholipids, (chlorinated) free fatty acids and α-chloro fatty aldehydes, which are all well known to massively contribute to inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress, will be also discussed. Finally, common analytical methods to study these compounds will be reviewed with focus on mass spectrometric techniques.
Collapse
|
38
|
Neutrophils recruited to the myocardium after acute experimental myocardial infarct generate hypochlorous acid that oxidizes cardiac myoglobin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 612:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Silva CO, Petersen SB, Reis CP, Rijo P, Molpeceres J, Fernandes AS, Gonçalves O, Gomes AC, Correia I, Vorum H, Neves-Petersen MT. EGF Functionalized Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Promote EGF Photostability and EGFR Internalization for Photothermal Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165419. [PMID: 27788212 PMCID: PMC5082958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of functionalized nanocarriers on photothermal therapy for cancer ablation has wide interest. The success of this application depends on the therapeutic efficiency and biocompatibility of the system, but also on the stability and biorecognition of the conjugated protein. This study aims at investigating the hypothesis that EGF functionalized polymer-coated gold nanoparticles promote EGF photostability and EGFR internalization, making these conjugated particles suitable for photothermal therapy. The conjugated gold nanoparticles (100–200 nm) showed a plasmon absorption band located within the near-infrared range (650–900 nm), optimal for photothermal therapy applications. The effects of temperature, of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles and of UVB light (295nm) on the fluorescence properties of EGF have been investigated with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence properties of EGF, including the formation of Trp and Tyr photoproducts, is modulated by temperature and by the intensity of the excitation light. The presence of polymeric-coated gold nanoparticles reduced or even avoided the formation of Trp and Tyr photoproducts when EGF is exposed to UVB light, protecting this way the structure and function of EGF. Cytotoxicity studies of conjugated nanoparticles carried out in normal-like human keratinocytes showed small, concentration dependent decreases in cell viability (0–25%). Moreover, conjugated nanoparticles could activate and induce the internalization of overexpressed Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in human lung carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the gold nanoparticles conjugated with Epidermal Growth Factor and coated with biopolymers developed in this work, show a potential application for near infrared photothermal therapy, which may efficiently destroy solid tumours, reducing the damage of the healthy tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Silva
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Steffen B. Petersen
- Medical Photonics Lab, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MTNP); (CPR)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesús Molpeceres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Odete Gonçalves
- Medical Photonics Lab, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- CFUM (Centre of Physics of University of Minho), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C. Gomes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takahashi M, Shigeto J, Shibata T, Sakamoto A, Morikawa H. Differential abilities of nitrogen dioxide and nitrite to nitrate proteins in thylakoid membranes isolated from Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1237329. [PMID: 27661771 PMCID: PMC5117089 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1237329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Arabidopsis leaves to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) results in nitration of specific chloroplast proteins. To determine whether NO2 itself and/or nitrite derived from NO2 can nitrate proteins, Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes were isolated and treated with NO2-bubbled or potassium nitrite (KNO2) buffer, followed by protein extraction, electrophoresis, and immunoblotting using an anti-3-nitrotyrosine (NT) antibody. NO2 concentrations in the NO2-bubbled buffer were calculated by numerically solving NO2 dissociation kinetic equations. The two buffers were adjusted to have identical nitrite concentrations. Both treatments yielded an NT-immunopositive band that LC/MS identified as PSBO1. The difference in the band intensity between the 2 treatments was designated nitration by NO2. Both NO2 and nitrite mediated nitration of proteins, and the nitration ability per unit NO2 concentration was ∼100-fold greater than that of nitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Takahashi
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Shigeto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shibata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Morikawa
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC. Myeloperoxidase: a key regulator of neutrophil oxidant production. Redox Rep 2016; 3:3-15. [PMID: 27414766 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1997.11747085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
42
|
New insights into thiocyanate oxidation by human myeloperoxidase. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:117-126. [PMID: 27343172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) uses chloride and thiocyanate as physiological substrates at neutral pH. Oxidation of thiocyanate to hypothiocyanite mediated by the redox intermediate Compound I rapidly restores the ferric state of MPO. At low thiocyanate concentration and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide the observed reaction sequence is Compound I→ferric MPO→Compound II→MPO-cyanide complex, whereas at high thiocyanate concentrations and in the absence of H2O2 the only observed transition is Compound I→ferric MPO. The reaction of ferric MPO with hypothiocyanite directly forms the MPO-cyanide complex, whereas a transient product derived from the reaction between hypothiocyanite and hydrogen peroxide is demonstrated to mediate the conversion of ferric MPO to Compound II. Mechanisms for those reactions are discussed and proposed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu N, Ding Y, Tian R, Peng YY. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidative damage by nitrite in SH-SY5Y cells: Relevance to neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:142-7. [PMID: 27020551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and MPO-catalyzed hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is elevated in many neurodegenerative diseases, and lead to severe tissue injuries. Nitrite (NO2(-)) is a widespread inorganic molecule that has recently been proposed as a direct NO donor to exert antioxidant properties in vivo and vitro. Since NO2(-) and MPO (and/or HOCl) were important mediators in brain function and disease, we investigated the effects of NO2(-) on MPO-mediated damage to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Here, we showed that exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to MPO (or HOCl) resulted in a significant loss in viability, ATP and glutathione levels, and treatment of neuronal cells with NO2(-) substantially attenuated MPO (or HOCl)-dependent cellular toxicity. The protective effects of NO2(-) on MPO (or HOCl)-induced cytotoxicity were because that (1) NO2(-) at high concentrations competed effectively with Cl(-) for MPO, thus limiting OCl(-) production by the enzyme; (2) HOCl was removed by reacting with NO2(-), forming less damaging compound; (3) NO2(-) significantly inhibited MPO-mediated inactivation of brain protein (enolase) and protein oxidation. Therefore, NO2(-) could show novel protective effects in some neurodegenerative diseases by preventing MPO-mediated oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Applegate MB, Partlow BP, Coburn J, Marelli B, Pirie C, Pineda R, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Photocrosslinking of Silk Fibroin Using Riboflavin for Ocular Prostheses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2417-20. [PMID: 26821561 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to photocrosslink silk fibroin protein is reported, using riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photoinitiator and the mechanism of crosslinking is determined. Exposure of riboflavin-doped liquid silk solution to light results in the formation of a transparent, elastic hydrogel. Several applications for this new material are investigated including corneal reshaping to restore visual acuity and photolithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Christopher Pirie
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Roberto Pineda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oliveira Silva C, Petersen SB, Pinto Reis C, Rijo P, Molpeceres J, Vorum H, Neves-Petersen MT. Lysozyme Photochemistry as a Function of Temperature. The Protective Effect of Nanoparticles on Lysozyme Photostability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144454. [PMID: 26656259 PMCID: PMC4682814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aromatic residues and their close spatial proximity to disulphide bridges makes hen egg white lysozyme labile to UV excitation. UVB induced photo-oxidation of tryptophan and tyrosine residues leads to photochemical products, such as, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine and dityrosine and to the disruption of disulphide bridges in proteins. We here report that lysozyme UV induced photochemistry is modulated by temperature, excitation power, illumination time, excitation wavelength and by the presence of plasmonic quencher surfaces, such as gold, and by the presence of natural fluorescence quenchers, such as hyaluronic acid and oleic acid. We show evidence that the photo-oxidation effects triggered by 295 nm at 20°C are reversible and non-reversible at 10°C, 25°C and 30°C. This paper provides evidence that the 295 nm damage threshold of lysozyme lies between 0.1 μW and 0.3 μW. Protein conformational changes induced by temperature and UV light have been detected upon monitoring changes in the fluorescence emission spectra of lysozyme tryptophan residues and SYPRO® Orange. Lysozyme has been conjugated onto gold nanoparticles, coated with hyaluronic acid and oleic acid (HAOA). Steady state and time resolved fluorescence studies of free and conjugated lysozyme onto HAOA gold nanoparticles reveals that the presence of the polymer decreased the rate of the observed photochemical reactions and induced a preference for short fluorescence decay lifetimes. Size and surface charge of the HAOA gold nanoparticles have been determined by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. TEM analysis of the particles confirms the presence of a gold core surrounded by a HAOA matrix. We conclude that HAOA gold nanoparticles may efficiently protect lysozyme from the photochemical effects of UVB light and this nanocarrier could be potentially applied to other proteins with clinical relevance. In addition, this study confirms that the temperature plays a critical role in the photochemical pathways a protein enters upon UV excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Silva
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, 1749–024, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Steffen B. Petersen
- Medical Photonics Lab, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, 1749–024, Portugal
- IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749–016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, 1749–024, Portugal
| | - Jesús Molpeceres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University, Hobrovej 18–22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ruggeri RB, Buckbinder L, Bagley SW, Carpino PA, Conn EL, Dowling MS, Fernando DP, Jiao W, Kung DW, Orr STM, Qi Y, Rocke BN, Smith A, Warmus JS, Zhang Y, Bowles D, Widlicka DW, Eng H, Ryder T, Sharma R, Wolford A, Okerberg C, Walters K, Maurer TS, Zhang Y, Bonin PD, Spath SN, Xing G, Hepworth D, Ahn K, Kalgutkar AS. Discovery of 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (PF-06282999): A Highly Selective Mechanism-Based Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8513-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger B. Ruggeri
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leonard Buckbinder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W. Bagley
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S. Dowling
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie P. Fernando
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Wenhua Jiao
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yingmei Qi
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Rocke
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel Bowles
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Widlicka
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tim Ryder
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela Wolford
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Carlin Okerberg
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Walters
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tristan S. Maurer
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul D. Bonin
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samantha N. Spath
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gang Xing
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kay Ahn
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Worldwide Research
and Development, Pfizer,
Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chandrakesan M, Bhowmik D, Sarkar B, Abhyankar R, Singh H, Kallianpur M, Dandekar SP, Madhu PK, Maiti S, Mithu VS. Steric Crowding of the Turn Region Alters the Tertiary Fold of Amyloid-β18-35 and Makes It Soluble. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30099-107. [PMID: 26487720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.674135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ self-assembles into parallel cross-β fibrillar aggregates, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. A central hairpin turn around residues 23-29 is a defining characteristic of Aβ in its aggregated state. Major biophysical properties of Aβ, including this turn, remain unaltered in the central fragment Aβ18-35. Here, we synthesize a single deletion mutant, ΔG25, with the aim of sterically hindering the hairpin turn in Aβ18-35. We find that the solubility of the peptide goes up by more than 20-fold. Although some oligomeric structures do form, solution state NMR spectroscopy shows that they have mostly random coil conformations. Fibrils ultimately form at a much higher concentration but have widths approximately twice that of Aβ18-35, suggesting an opening of the hairpin bend. Surprisingly, two-dimensional solid state NMR shows that the contact between Phe(19) and Leu(34) residues, observed in full-length Aβ and Aβ18-35, is still intact in these fibrils. This is possible if the monomers in the fibril are arranged in an antiparallel β-sheet conformation. Indeed, IR measurements, supported by tyrosine cross-linking experiments, provide a characteristic signature of the antiparallel β-sheet. We conclude that the self-assembly of Aβ is critically dependent on the hairpin turn and on the contact between the Phe(19) and Leu(34) regions, making them potentially sensitive targets for Alzheimer's therapeutics. Our results show the importance of specific conformations in an aggregation process thought to be primarily driven by nonspecific hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Chandrakesan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Seth G. S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Debanjan Bhowmik
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Bidyut Sarkar
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Rajiv Abhyankar
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Harwinder Singh
- the Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India, and
| | - Mamata Kallianpur
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sucheta P Dandekar
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Seth G. S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Narsinghi, Hyderabad 500 075, India
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India,
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- the Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India, and
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Howell DW, Tsai SP, Churion K, Patterson J, Abbey C, Atkinson JT, Porterpan D, You YH, Meissner KE, Bayless KJ, Bondos SE. Identification of multiple dityrosine bonds in materials composed of the Drosophila protein Ultrabithorax. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:5988-5998. [PMID: 28725173 PMCID: PMC5513195 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201502852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), a Drosophila melanogaster Hox transcription factor, self-assembles into biocompatible materials in vitro that are remarkably extensible and strong. Here, we demonstrate that the strength of Ubx materials is due to intermolecular dityrosine bonds. Ubx materials auto-fluoresce blue, a characteristic of dityrosine, and bind dityrosine-specific antibodies. Monitoring the fluorescence of reduced Ubx fibers upon oxygen exposure reveals biphasic bond formation kinetics. Two dityrosine bonds in Ubx were identified by site-directed mutagenesis followed by measurements of fiber fluorescent intensity. One bond is located between the N-terminus and the homeodomain (Y4/Y296 or Y12/Y293), and another bond is formed by Y167 and Y240. Fiber fluorescence closely correlates with fiber strength, demonstrating that these bonds are intermolecular. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of specific residues that participate in dityrosine bonds in protein-based materials. The percentage of Ubx molecules harboring both bonds can be decreased or increased by mutagenesis, providing an additional mechanism to control the mechanical properties of Ubx materials. Duplication of tyrosine-containing motifs in Ubx increases dityrosine content in Ubx fibers, suggesting these motifs could be inserted in other self-assembling proteins to strengthen the corresponding materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Shang-Pu Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Kelly Churion
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Jan Patterson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Colette Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Joshua T Atkinson
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Dustin Porterpan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yil-Hwan You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Kenith E Meissner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affourtit C, Bailey SJ, Jones AM, Smallwood MJ, Winyard PG. On the mechanism by which dietary nitrate improves human skeletal muscle function. Front Physiol 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 26283970 PMCID: PMC4518145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate is present at high levels in beetroot and celery, and in green leafy vegetables such as spinach and lettuce. Though long believed inert, nitrate can be reduced to nitrite in the human mouth and, further, under hypoxia and/or low pH, to nitric oxide. Dietary nitrate has thus been associated favorably with nitric-oxide-regulated processes including blood flow and energy metabolism. Indeed, the therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome-both aging-related medical disorders-has attracted considerable recent research interest. We and others have shown that dietary nitrate supplementation lowers the oxygen cost of human exercise, as less respiratory activity appears to be required for a set rate of skeletal muscle work. This striking observation predicts that nitrate benefits the energy metabolism of human muscle, increasing the efficiency of either mitochondrial ATP synthesis and/or of cellular ATP-consuming processes. In this mini-review, we evaluate experimental support for the dietary nitrate effects on muscle bioenergetics and we critically discuss the likelihood of nitric oxide as the molecular mediator of such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Affourtit
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University Plymouth, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Miranda J Smallwood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kong M, Wang K, Dong R, Gao H. Enzyme catalytic nitration of aromatic compounds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 73-74:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|