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Zhou C, Kuang M, Tao Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Fu Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Wu W, Wang L, Dou Y, Wang J, Hou Y. Nynrin preserves hematopoietic stem cell function by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1359-1375.e8. [PMID: 38955185 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Our research identifies the transcription factor Nynrin as a crucial regulator of HSC maintenance by modulating mitochondrial function. Nynrin is highly expressed in HSCs under both steady-state and stress conditions. The knockout Nynrin diminishes HSC frequency, dormancy, and self-renewal, with increased mitochondrial dysfunction indicated by abnormal mPTP opening, mitochondrial swelling, and elevated ROS levels. These changes reduce HSC radiation tolerance and promote necrosis-like phenotypes. By contrast, Nynrin overexpression in HSCs diminishes irradiation (IR)-induced lethality. The deletion of Nynrin activates Ppif, leading to overexpression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and further mitochondrial dysfunction. Strategies such as Ppif haploinsufficiency or pharmacological inhibition of CypD significantly mitigate these effects, restoring HSC function in Nynrin-deficient mice. This study identifies Nynrin as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function in HSCs, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for preserving stem cell viability during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Zhou
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mei Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yin Tao
- Department of Gynecology, The affiliated ZhuZhou Hospital (ZhuZhou Central Hospital), Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yinghao Fu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiru Wu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong Qu, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Dou
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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2
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Guo L. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 and mitochondria-organelle interactions: New insight and implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107393. [PMID: 39233058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic hub, and act as primary sites for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolites generation. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake contributes to Ca2+ storage. Mitochondria-organelle interactions are important for cellular metabolic adaptation, biosynthesis, redox balance, cell fate. Organelle communications are mediated by Ca2+/ROS signals, vesicle transport and membrane contact sites. The permeability transition pore (PTP) is an unselective channel that provides a release pathway for Ca2+/ROS, mtDNA and metabolites. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) participates in regulation of PTP opening and is required for the translocation of transcriptional factors c-Myc/PGC1α to mitochondria to stimulate metabolic switch. IF1, a mitochondrial specific protein, has been suggested to regulate other organelles including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. IF1 may be able to mediate mitochondria-organelle interactions and cellular physiology through regulation of PTP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Idiiatullina E, Al-Azab M, Lin M, Hrovat-Schaale K, Liu Z, Li X, Guo C, Chen X, Li Y, Gao S, Cui J, Zhou W, Liu L, Zhang Y, Masters SL. Heterozygous de novo dominant negative mutation of REXO2 results in interferonopathy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6685. [PMID: 39107301 PMCID: PMC11303720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) in the cytosol can trigger the innate immune sensor MDA5, and autoinflammatory disease due to type I IFN. Here, we show that a dominant negative mutation in the gene encoding the mitochondrial exonuclease REXO2 may cause interferonopathy by triggering the MDA5 pathway. A patient characterized by this heterozygous de novo mutation (p.T132A) presented with persistent skin rash featuring hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and acanthosis, with infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils around small blood vessels. In addition, circulating IgE levels and inflammatory cytokines, including IFNα, are found consistently elevated. Transcriptional analysis highlights a type I IFN gene signature in PBMC. Mechanistically, REXO2 (T132A) lacks the ability to cleave RNA and inhibits the activity of wild-type REXO2. This leads to an accumulation of mitochondrial dsRNA in the cytosol, which is recognized by MDA5, leading to the associated type I IFN gene signature. These results demonstrate that in the absence of appropriate regulation by REXO2, aberrant cellular nucleic acids may accumulate and continuously trigger innate sensors, resulting in an inborn error of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Idiiatullina
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Therapy and Nursing, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Department of Therapy and Nursing, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Guo
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Seth L Masters
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Noh MR, Padanilam BJ. Cell death induced by acute renal injury: a perspective on the contributions of accidental and programmed cell death. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F4-F20. [PMID: 38660714 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to multiple factors including energy depletion, electrolyte imbalance, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of several cell death pathway components. Since our review in 2003, discussing the relative contributions of apoptosis and necrosis, several other forms of cell death have been identified and are shown to contribute to AKI. Currently, these various forms of cell death can be fundamentally divided into accidental cell death and regulated or programmed cell death based on functional aspects. Several death initiator and effector molecules switch molecules that may act as signaling components triggering either death or protective mechanisms or alternate cell death pathways have been identified as part of the machinery. Intriguingly, several of these cell death pathways share components and signaling pathways suggesting complementary or compensatory functions. Thus, defining the cross talk between distinct cell death pathways and identifying the unique molecular effectors for each type of cell death may be required to develop novel strategies to prevent cell death. Furthermore, depending on the multiple forms of cell death simultaneously induced in different AKI settings, strategies for combination therapies that block multiple cell death pathways need to be developed to completely prevent injury, cell death, and renal function. This review highlights the various cell death pathways, cross talk, and interactions between different cell death modalities in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
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5
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Yan J, Ton H, Yan J, Dong Y, Xie Z, Jiang H. Anesthetic Sevoflurane Induces Enlargement of Dendritic Spine Heads in Mouse Neurons via Tau-Dependent Mechanisms. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00796. [PMID: 38507523 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane induces neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely to be determined. Tau, cyclophilin D, and dendritic spine contribute to cognitive function. But whether changes in dendritic spines are involved in the effects of sevoflurane and the potential association with tau and cyclophilin D is not clear. METHODS We harvested hippocampal neurons from wild-type mice, tau knockout mice, and cyclophilin D knockout mice. We treated these neurons with sevoflurane at day in vitro 7 and measured the diameter of dendritic spine head and the number of dendritic spines. Moreover, we determined the effects of sevoflurane on the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), extracellular glutamate levels, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Finally, we used lithium, cyclosporine A, and overexpression of EAAT3 in the interaction studies. RESULTS Sevoflurane-induced tau phosphgorylation increased the diameter of dendritic spine head and decreased the number of dendritic spines in neurons harvested from wild-type and cyclophilin D knockout mice, but not tau knockout mice. Sevoflurane decreased the expression of EAAT3, increased extracellular glutamate levels, and decreased the frequency of mEPSCs in the neurons. Overexpression of EAAT3 mitigated the effects of sevoflurane on dendritic spines. Lithium, but not cyclosporine A, attenuated the effects of sevoflurane on dendritic spines. Lithium also inhibited the effects of sevoflurane on EAAT3 expression and mEPSCs. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that sevoflurane induces a tau phosphorylation-dependent demtrimental effect on dendritic spine via decreasing EAAT3 expression and increasing extracellular glutamate levels, leading to neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hoai Ton
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Chen Y, Hu Y, He X, Zang H, Sun R, Zhu C, Yao W. Activation of mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS-STING pathway contributes to chronic postsurgical pain by inducing type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111348. [PMID: 38086268 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. Recent studies indicated the innate immune pathway of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was involved in pain regulation. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies found A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord contributed to CPSP. This study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in regulating the generation of A1 reactive astrocytes during CPSP. First, CPSP model was established using skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) in rats. We found that cGAS-STING pathway was activated accompanied with an increase in mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol in the spinal cord following SMIR. Second, a STING inhibitor C-176 was intrathecally administrated. We found that C-176 decreased the expression of type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord, and alleviated mechanical allodynia in SMIR rats. Third, cyclosporin A as a mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker was intrathecally administrated. We found that cyclosporin A decreased the leakage of mitochondrial DNA and inhibited the activation of cGAS-STING pathway. Compared with C-176, cyclosporin A exhibits similar analgesic effects. The expression of type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord were also down-regulated after intervention with cyclosporin A. Moreover, simultaneous administration of cyclosporin A and C-176 did not show synergistic effects in SMIR rats. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the cGAS-STING pathway activated by the leakage of mitochondrial DNA contributed to chronic postsurgical pain by inducing type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hu Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rao Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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7
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Lu J, Liang F, Bai P, Liu C, Xu M, Sun Z, Tian W, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Quan Q, Khatri A, Shen Y, Marcantonio E, Crosby G, Culley D, Wang C, Yang G, Xie Z. Blood tau-PT217 contributes to the anesthesia/surgery-induced delirium-like behavior in aged mice. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4110-4126. [PMID: 37249148 PMCID: PMC10524579 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (tau-PT217) is a newly established biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and postoperative delirium in patients. However, the mechanisms and consequences of acute changes in blood tau-PT217 remain largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the effects of anesthesia/surgery on blood tau-PT217 in aged mice, and evaluated the associated changes in B cell populations, neuronal excitability in anterior cingulate cortex, and delirium-like behavior using positron emission tomography imaging, nanoneedle technology, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, and behavioral tests. RESULTS Anesthesia/surgery induced acute increases in blood tau-PT217 via enhanced generation in the lungs and release from B cells. Tau-PT217 might cross the blood-brain barrier, increasing neuronal excitability and inducing delirium-like behavior. B cell transfer and WS635, a mitochondrial function enhancer, mitigated the anesthesia/surgery-induced changes. DISCUSSION Acute increases in blood tau-PT217 may contribute to brain dysfunction and postoperative delirium. Targeting B cells or mitochondrial function may have therapeutic potential for preventing or treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Ping Bai
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Wenjie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Qimin Quan
- NanoMosaic, Inc., Woburn, MA, 01801, United States
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Yuan Shen
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Mental Health Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Edward Marcantonio
- Divisions of General Medicine and Primary Care and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Deborah Culley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
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Lin M, Xian H, Chen Z, Wang S, Liu M, Liang W, Tang Q, Liu Y, Huang W, Che D, Guo C, Idiiatullina E, Fang R, Al-Azab M, Chang J, Wang R, Li X, Zuo X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Tang Y, Jin S, He Z, Feng D, Lu L, Zhang K, Wu Y, Bai F, Lew AM, Cui J, Wu Y, Gu X, Zhang Y. MCM8-mediated mitophagy protects vascular health in response to nitric oxide signaling in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:778-792. [PMID: 39195969 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a major quality control pathway that removes unwanted or dysfunctional mitochondria and plays an essential role in vascular health. Here we show that MCM8 expression is significantly decreased in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) who developed coronary artery aneurysms. Mechanistically, we discovered that nitric oxide signaling promotes TRIM21-mediated MCM8 ubiquitination, which disrupts its interaction with MCM9 and promotes its cytosolic export. In the cytosol, MCM8 relocates to the mitochondria pore-forming proteins and promotes their ubiquitination by TRIM21. In addition, MCM8 directly recruits LC3 via its LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif and initiates mitophagy. This suppresses mitochondrial DNA-mediated activation of type I interferon via cGAS and STING. Mice that are deficient in Mcm8, Trim21 and Nos2 or reconstituted with the East-Asian-specific MCM8-P276 variant develop more severe coronary artery vasculopathy in the Lactobacillus casei extract-induced KD model. Collectively, the data suggest that MCM8 protects vascular health in the KD setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Pediatric Immunity and Healthcare Biomedical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Xian
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanming Huang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Che
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Guo
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongli Fang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Chang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongze Wang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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9
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Mondal R, Banerjee C, Nandy S, Roy M, Chakraborty J. Calcineurin inhibition protects against dopamine toxicity and attenuates behavioral decline in a Parkinson's disease model. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37528492 PMCID: PMC10394860 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), a highly prevalent neuro-motor disorder is caused due to progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons at substantia nigra region of brain. This leads to depleted dopamine (DA) content at striatum, thus affecting the fine tuning of basal ganglia. In patients, this imbalance is manifested by akinesia, catalepsy and tremor. PD associated behavioral dysfunctions are frequently mitigated by l-DOPA (LD) therapy, a precursor for DA synthesis. Due to progressive neurodegeneration, LD eventually loses applicability in PD. Although DA is cytotoxic, it is unclear whether LD therapy can accelerate PD progression or not. LD itself does not lead to neurodegeneration in vivo, but previous reports demonstrate that LD treatment mediated excess DA can potentiate neurotoxicity when PD associated genetic or epigenetic aberrations are involved. So, minimizing DA toxicity during the therapy is an absolute necessity to halt or slowdown PD progression. The two major contributing factors associated with DA toxicity are: degradation by Monoamine oxidase and DAquinone (DAQ) formation. RESULTS Here, we report that apoptotic mitochondrial fragmentation via Calcineurin (CaN)-DRP1 axis is a common downstream event for both these initial cues, inhibiting which can protect cells from DA toxicity comprehensively. No protective effect is observed, in terms of cell survival when only PxIxIT domain of CaN is obstructed, demonstrating the importance to block DRP1-CaN axis specifically. Further, evaluation of the impact of DA exposure on PD progression in a mice model reveal that LD mediated behavioral recovery diminishes with time, mostly because of continued DAergic cell death and dendritic spine loss at striatum. CaN inhibition, alone or in combination with LD, offer long term behavioral protection. This protective effect is mediated specifically by hindering CaN-DRP1 axis, whereas inhibiting interaction between CaN and other substrates, including proteins involved in neuro-inflammation, remained ineffective when LD is co-administered. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we conclude that DA toxicity can be circumvented by CaN inhibition and it can mitigate PD related behavioral aberrations by protecting neuronal architecture at striatum. We propose that CaN inhibitors might extend the therapeutic efficacy of LD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Mondal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chayan Banerjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumangal Nandy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Moumita Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Joy Chakraborty
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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10
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Neginskaya MA, Morris SE, Pavlov EV. Refractive Index Imaging Reveals That Elimination of the ATP Synthase C Subunit Does Not Prevent the Adenine Nucleotide Translocase-Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cells 2023; 12:1950. [PMID: 37566029 PMCID: PMC10417283 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a large, weakly selective pore that opens in the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to the pathological increase in matrix Ca2+ concentration. mPTP activation has been implicated as a key factor contributing to stress-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The molecular identity of the mPTP is not completely understood. Both ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) have been described as important components of the mPTP. Using a refractive index (RI) imaging approach, we recently demonstrated that the removal of either ATP synthase or ANT eliminates the Ca2+-induced mPTP in experiments with intact cells. These results suggest that mPTP formation relies on the interaction between ATP synthase and ANT protein complexes. To gain further insight into this process, we used RI imaging to investigate mPTP properties in cells with a genetically eliminated C subunit of ATP synthase. These cells also lack ATP6, ATP8, 6.8PL subunits and DAPIT but, importantly, have a vestigial ATP synthase complex with assembled F1 and peripheral stalk domains. We found that these cells can still undergo mPTP activation, which can be blocked by the ANT inhibitor bongkrekic acid. These results suggest that ANT can form the pore independently from the C subunit but still requires the presence of other components of ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sally E. Morris
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
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11
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Frigo E, Tommasin L, Lippe G, Carraro M, Bernardi P. The Haves and Have-Nots: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore across Species. Cells 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37408243 PMCID: PMC10216546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that F1FO (F)-ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can form Ca2+-activated, high-conductance channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria from a variety of eukaryotes led to renewed interest in the permeability transition (PT), a permeability increase mediated by the PT pore (PTP). The PT is a Ca2+-dependent permeability increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose function and underlying molecular mechanisms have challenged scientists for the last 70 years. Although most of our knowledge about the PTP comes from studies in mammals, recent data obtained in other species highlighted substantial differences that could be perhaps attributed to specific features of F-ATP synthase and/or ANT. Strikingly, the anoxia and salt-tolerant brine shrimp Artemia franciscana does not undergo a PT in spite of its ability to take up and store Ca2+ in mitochondria, and the anoxia-resistant Drosophila melanogaster displays a low-conductance, selective Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel rather than a PTP. In mammals, the PT provides a mechanism for the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic proteins and mediates various forms of cell death. In this review, we cover the features of the PT (or lack thereof) in mammals, yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Artemia franciscana and Caenorhabditis elegans, and we discuss the presence of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and of other forms of cell death. We hope that this exercise may help elucidate the function(s) of the PT and its possible role in evolution and inspire further tests to define its molecular nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Frigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ludovica Tommasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
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12
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Endlicher R, Drahota Z, Štefková K, Červinková Z, Kučera O. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore-Current Knowledge of Its Structure, Function, and Regulation, and Optimized Methods for Evaluating Its Functional State. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091273. [PMID: 37174672 PMCID: PMC10177258 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a calcium-dependent, ion non-selective membrane pore with a wide range of functions. Although the MPTP has been studied for more than 50 years, its molecular structure remains unclear. Short-term (reversible) opening of the MPTP protects cells from oxidative damage and enables the efflux of Ca2+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix and cell signaling. However, long-term (irreversible) opening induces processes leading to cell death. Ca2+ ions, reactive oxygen species, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential regulate pore opening. The sensitivity of the pore to Ca2+ ions changes as an organism ages, and MPTP opening plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Most studies of the MPTP have focused on elucidating its molecular structure. However, understanding the mechanisms that will inhibit the MPTP may improve the treatment of diseases associated with its opening. To evaluate the functional state of the MPTP and its inhibitors, it is therefore necessary to use appropriate methods that provide reproducible results across laboratories. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the function and regulation of the MPTP. The latter part of the review introduces two optimized methods for evaluating the functional state of the pore under standardized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Endlicher
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Drahota
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Štefková
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Mitochondrial Fission Process 1 controls inner membrane integrity and protects against heart failure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6634. [PMID: 36333300 PMCID: PMC9636241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are paramount to the metabolism and survival of cardiomyocytes. Here we show that Mitochondrial Fission Process 1 (MTFP1) is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein that is dispensable for mitochondrial division yet essential for cardiac structure and function. Constitutive knockout of cardiomyocyte MTFP1 in mice resulted in a fatal, adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by extensive mitochondrial and cardiac remodeling during the transition to heart failure. Prior to the onset of disease, knockout cardiac mitochondria displayed specific IMM defects: futile proton leak dependent upon the adenine nucleotide translocase and an increased sensitivity to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, with which MTFP1 physically and genetically interacts. Collectively, our data reveal new functions of MTFP1 in the control of bioenergetic efficiency and cell death sensitivity and define its importance in preventing pathogenic cardiac remodeling.
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14
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Bernardi P, Carraro M, Lippe G. The mitochondrial permeability transition: Recent progress and open questions. FEBS J 2022; 289:7051-7074. [PMID: 34710270 PMCID: PMC9787756 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in defining the basis of the mitochondrial permeability transition, a Ca2+ -dependent permeability increase of the inner membrane that has puzzled mitochondrial research for almost 70 years. Initially considered an artefact of limited biological interest by most, over the years the permeability transition has raised to the status of regulator of mitochondrial ion homeostasis and of druggable effector mechanism of cell death. The permeability transition is mediated by opening of channel(s) modulated by matrix cyclophilin D, the permeability transition pore(s) (PTP). The field has received new impulse (a) from the hypothesis that the PTP may originate from a Ca2+ -dependent conformational change of F-ATP synthase and (b) from the reevaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that it originates from the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Here, we provide a synthetic account of the structure of ANT and F-ATP synthase to discuss potential and controversial mechanisms through which they may form high-conductance channels; and review some intriguing findings from the wealth of early studies of PTP modulation that still await an explanation. We hope that this review will stimulate new experiments addressing the many outstanding problems, and thus contribute to the eventual solution of the puzzle of the permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
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15
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Schiene‐Fischer C, Fischer G, Braun M. Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201597. [PMID: 35290695 PMCID: PMC9804594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins, enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity, are relevant to a large variety of biological processes. The most abundant member of this enzyme family, cyclophilin A, is the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). As a consequence of the pathophysiological role of cyclophilins, particularly in viral infections, there is a broad interest in cyclophilin inhibition devoid of immunosuppressive activity. This Review first gives an introduction into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cyclophilins. The presentation of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors will commence with drugs based on chemical modifications of CsA. The naturally occurring macrocyclic sanglifehrins have become other lead structures for cyclophilin-inhibiting drugs. Finally, de novo designed compounds, whose structures are not derived from or inspired by natural products, will be presented. Relevant synthetic concepts will be discussed, but the focus will also be on biochemical studies, structure-activity relationships, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schiene‐Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg06099Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
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16
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou R, He B, Wang W, Zhang B. Cyclophilin D: Guardian or Executioner for Tumor Cells? Front Oncol 2022; 12:939588. [PMID: 35860554 PMCID: PMC9289278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a peptide-proline cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) distributed in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates the opening of the mitochondrial permeability conversion pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial bioenergetics through PPIase activity or interaction with multiple binding partners in mitochondria. CypD initially attracted attention due to its regulation of mPTP overopening-mediated cell death. However, recent studies on the effects of CypD on tumors have shown conflicting results. Although CypD has been proven to promote the aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, its regulation of malignant characteristics such as the survival, invasion and drug resistance of tumor cells remains controversial. Here, we elaborate the main biological functions of CypD and its relationships with tumor progression identified in recent years, focusing on the dual role of CypD in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
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17
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Guo L. Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 interacts with the p53-cyclophilin D complex and promotes opening of the permeability transition pore. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101858. [PMID: 35337801 PMCID: PMC9043413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a Ca2+-dependent megachannel that plays an important role in mitochondrial physiology and cell fate. Cyclophilin D (CyPD) is a well-characterized PTP regulator, and its binding to the PTP favors pore opening. It has previously been shown that p53 physically interacts with CyPD and opens the PTP during necrosis. Accumulating studies also suggest that the F-ATP synthase contributes to the regulation and formation of the PTP. F-ATP synthase IF1 (mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1) is a natural inhibitor of F-ATP synthase activity; however, whether IF1 participates in the modulation of PTP opening is basically unknown. Here, we demonstrate using calcium retention capacity assay that IF1 overexpression promotes mitochondrial permeability transition via opening of the PTP. Intriguingly, we show that IF1 can interact with the p53-CyPD complex and facilitate cell death. We also demonstrate that the presence of IF1 is necessary for the formation of p53-CyPD complex. Therefore, we suggest that IF1 regulates the PTP via interaction with the p53-CyPD complex, and that IF1 is necessary for the inducing effect of p53-CyPD complex on PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Center for Mitochondrial Genetics and Health, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Lipopeptides in promoting signals at surface/interface of micelles: Their roles in repairing cellular and nuclear damages. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Braun M, Schiene-Fischer C, Fischer G. Non‐Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Braun
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Organic CHemistry Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Cordelia Schiene-Fischer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Meiosis: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften Abteilung Meiosis Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry GERMANY
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20
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Role of NETosis in Central Nervous System Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235524. [PMID: 35028005 PMCID: PMC8752220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury is divided into brain injury and spinal cord injury and remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous reviews have defined numerous inflammatory cells involved in this process. In the human body, neutrophils comprise the largest numbers of myeloid leukocytes. Activated neutrophils release extracellular web-like DNA amended with antimicrobial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs was demonstrated as a new method of cell death called NETosis. As the first line of defence against injury, neutrophils mediate a variety of adverse reactions in the early stage, and we consider that NETs may be the prominent mediators of CNS injury. Therefore, exploring the specific role of NETs in CNS injury may help us shed some light on early changes in the disease. Simultaneously, we discovered that there is a link between NETosis and other cell death pathways by browsing other research, which is helpful for us to establish crossroads between known cell death pathways. Currently, there is a large amount of research concerning NETosis in various diseases, but the role of NETosis in CNS injury remains unknown. Therefore, this review will introduce the role of NETosis in CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia, CNS infection, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury, by describing the mechanism of NETosis, the evidence of NETosis in CNS injury, and the link between NETosis and other cell death pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss some agents that inhibit NETosis as therapies to alleviate the severity of CNS injury. NETosis may be a potential target for the treatment of CNS injury, so exploring NETosis provides a feasible therapeutic option for CNS injury in the future.
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Angeli S, Foulger A, Chamoli M, Peiris TH, Gerencser A, Shahmirzadi AA, Andersen J, Lithgow G. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and promotes aging. eLife 2021; 10:63453. [PMID: 34467850 PMCID: PMC8410078 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity determines aging rate and the onset of chronic diseases. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a pathological pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane thought to be composed of the F-ATP synthase (complex V). OSCP, a subunit of F-ATP synthase, helps protect against mPTP formation. How the destabilization of OSCP may contribute to aging, however, is unclear. We have found that loss OSCP in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans initiates the mPTP and shortens lifespan specifically during adulthood, in part via initiation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the mPTP inhibits the UPRmt and restores normal lifespan. Loss of the putative pore-forming component of F-ATP synthase extends adult lifespan, suggesting that the mPTP normally promotes aging. Our findings reveal how an mPTP/UPRmt nexus may contribute to aging and age-related diseases and how inhibition of the UPRmt may be protective under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Angeli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Anna Foulger
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | | | - Akos Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Azar Asadi Shahmirzadi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Julie Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Gordon Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States.,USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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22
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Effects of Metformin on Spontaneous Ca 2+ Signals in Cultured Microglia Cells under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179493. [PMID: 34502402 PMCID: PMC8430509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial functioning depends on Ca2+ signaling. By using Ca2+ sensitive fluorescence dye, we studied how inhibition of mitochondrial respiration changed spontaneous Ca2+ signals in soma of microglial cells from 5-7-day-old rats grown under normoxic and mild-hypoxic conditions. In microglia under normoxic conditions, metformin or rotenone elevated the rate and the amplitude of Ca2+ signals 10-15 min after drug application. Addition of cyclosporin A, a blocker of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), antioxidant trolox, or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) blocker caffeine in the presence of rotenone reduced the elevated rate and the amplitude of the signals implying sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and involvement of mitochondrial mPTP together with IP3R. Microglial cells exposed to mild hypoxic conditions for 24 h showed elevated rate and increased amplitude of Ca2+ signals. Application of metformin or rotenone but not phenformin before mild hypoxia reduced this elevated rate. Thus, metformin and rotenone had the opposing fast action in normoxia after 10-15 min and the slow action during 24 h mild-hypoxia implying activation of different signaling pathways. The slow action of metformin through inhibition of complex I could stabilize Ca2+ homeostasis after mild hypoxia and could be important for reduction of ischemia-induced microglial activation.
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23
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Tatli Seven P, Seven I, Karakus S, Iflazoglu Mutlu S, Ozer Kaya S, Arkali G, Ilgar M, Tan E, Sahin YM, Ismik D, Kilislioglu A. The in-vivo assessment of Turkish propolis and its nano form on testicular damage induced by cisplatin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:451-459. [PMID: 34417154 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin (CP), which are associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, may adversely affect the reproductive system. This study tests whether administration of propolis and nano-propolis (NP) can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats with testicular damage induced by CP. METHODS In this study, polymeric nanoparticles including propolis were synthesized with a green sonication method and characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and wet scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. In total, 56 rats were divided into the following seven groups: control, CP, propolis, NP-10, CP + propolis, CP + NP-10, and CP + NP-30. Propolis (100 mg/kg), NP-10 (10 mg/kg), and NP-30 (30 mg/kg) treatments were administered by gavage daily for 21 d, and CP (3 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose. After the experiment, oxidative stress parameters, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), and apoptotic pathways including B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were measured in testicular tissues. Furthermore, sperm quality and weights of the testis, epididymis, right cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate were evaluated. RESULTS Propolis and NP (especially NP-30) were able to preserve oxidative balance (decreased MDA levels and increased GSH, CAT, and GPx activities) and activate apoptotic pathways (decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2) in the testes of CP-treated rats. Sperm motility in the control, CP, and CP + NP-30 groups were 60%, 48.75%, and 78%, respectively (P < 0.001). Especially, NP-30 application completely corrected the deterioration in sperm features induced by CP. CONCLUSION The results show that propolis and NP treatments mitigated the side effects of CP on spermatogenic activity, antioxidant situation, and apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Tatli Seven
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Seven
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocation School of Sivrice, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Selcan Karakus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Seyma Ozer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Gozde Arkali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Merve Ilgar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Yesim Muge Sahin
- Istanbul Arel University, ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center), Istanbul 34537, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul 34537, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ismik
- Istanbul Arel University, ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center), Istanbul 34537, Turkey
| | - Ayben Kilislioglu
- Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
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24
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Lin J, Shen F, Lu J, Liang F, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Dong Y. WS635 Attenuates the Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:688587. [PMID: 34366827 PMCID: PMC8335586 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.688587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia/surgery has been reported to be associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in patients and induces cognitive impairment in mice. Previous studies demonstrate cyclosporine A (CsA) attenuates the anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in mice. However, CsA has immunosuppressive effects and may not be routinely used to prevent or treat PND in patients. WS635 is a nonimmunosuppressive CsA analog. We, therefore, set out to determine whether WS635 could mitigate the anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in mice. We performed abdominal surgery under 1.4% isoflurane anesthesia (anesthesia/surgery) for 2 h in 9 month-old wild-type (WT) mice. We treated the mice with CsA (10 mg/kg) or different doses (13.2 mg/kg, 26.4 mg/kg and 52.8 mg/kg) of WS635 before and after the anesthesia/surgery. Barnes maze and fear conditioning system (FCS) were employed to evaluate the cognitive function in mice. We measured the amounts of postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, synaptophysin, and ATP in the hippocampus and cortex of the mice using western blot and ATP Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay, respectively. We found that the treatment with 52.8 mg/kg, but not 13.2 mg/kg or 26.4 mg/kg, of WS635 attenuated the anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the reductions in the amounts of PSD-95, synaptophysin, and ATP in the mice brain tissues. These results have established a system to study WS635 further and suggest that we need to perform more experiments to determine whether WS635 can ultimately be used as one of the interventions for PND in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Fuyi Shen
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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25
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Bernardi P. Looking Back to the Future of Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682467. [PMID: 33995132 PMCID: PMC8119648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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26
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Duncan GJ, Simkins TJ, Emery B. Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653101. [PMID: 33763430 PMCID: PMC7982542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and conduction. Oligodendrocytes are necessary for the maturation of excitatory domains on the axon including nodes of Ranvier, help buffer potassium, and support neuronal energy metabolism. Disruption of the oligodendrocyte-axon unit in traumatic injuries, Alzheimer's disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis results in axonal dysfunction and can culminate in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes compromise axons. We highlight the intra-axonal cascades initiated by demyelination that can result in irreversible axonal damage. Both the restoration of oligodendrocyte myelination or neuroprotective therapies targeting these intra-axonal cascades are likely to have therapeutic potential in disorders in which oligodendrocyte support of axons is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J. Duncan
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tyrell J. Simkins
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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27
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Readnower RD, Hubbard WB, Kalimon OJ, Geddes JW, Sullivan PG. Genetic Approach to Elucidate the Role of Cyclophilin D in Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:199. [PMID: 33498273 PMCID: PMC7909250 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) has been shown to play a critical role in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and the subsequent cell death cascade. Studies consistently demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial calcium overload and mPTP opening, is essential to the pathobiology of cell death after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). CypD inhibitors, such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or NIM811, administered following TBI, are neuroprotective and quell neurological deficits. However, some pharmacological inhibitors of CypD have multiple biological targets and, as such, do not directly implicate a role for CypD in arbitrating cell death after TBI. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of the role CypD plays in TBI pathobiology. Further, we directly assessed the role of CypD in mediating cell death following TBI by utilizing mice lacking the CypD encoding gene Ppif. Following controlled cortical impact (CCI), the genetic knockout of CypD protected acute mitochondrial bioenergetics at 6 h post-injury and reduced subacute cortical tissue and hippocampal cell loss at 18 d post-injury. The administration of CsA following experimental TBI in Ppif-/- mice improved cortical tissue sparing, highlighting the multiple cellular targets of CsA in the mitigation of TBI pathology. The loss of CypD appeared to desensitize the mitochondrial response to calcium burden induced by TBI; this maintenance of mitochondrial function underlies the observed neuroprotective effect of the CypD knockout. These studies highlight the importance of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis after injury and validate CypD as a therapeutic target for TBI. Further, these results solidify the beneficial effects of CsA treatment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Readnower
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - William Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Olivia J. Kalimon
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - James W. Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.D.R.); (W.B.H.); (O.J.K.); (J.W.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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28
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Hamilton J, Brustovetsky T, Brustovetsky N. The effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter and cyclophilin D knockout on resistance of brain mitochondria to Ca 2+-induced damage. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100669. [PMID: 33864812 PMCID: PMC8131324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and cyclophilin D (CyD) are key players in induction of the permeability transition pore (PTP), which leads to mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, the major signs of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial depolarization inhibits ATP production, whereas swelling results in the release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins. The extent to which simultaneous deletion of MCU and CyD inhibits PTP induction and prevents damage of brain mitochondria is not clear. Here, we investigated the effects of MCU and CyD deletion on the propensity for PTP induction using mitochondria isolated from the brains of MCU-KO, CyD-KO, and newly created MCU/CyD-double knockout (DKO) mice. Neither deletion of MCU nor of CyD affected respiration or membrane potential in mitochondria isolated from the brains of these mice. Mitochondria from MCU-KO and MCU/CyD-DKO mice displayed reduced Ca2+ uptake and diminished extent of PTP induction. The Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria from CyD-KO mice was increased compared with mitochondria from WT mice. Deletion of CyD prevented mitochondrial swelling and resulted in transient depolarization in response to Ca2+, but it did not prevent Ca2+-induced delayed mitochondrial depolarization. Mitochondria from MCU/CyD-DKO mice did not swell in response to Ca2+, but they did exhibit mild sustained depolarization. Dibucaine, an inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated mitochondrial phospholipase A2, attenuated and bovine serum albumin completely eliminated the sustained depolarization. This suggests the involvement of phospholipase A2 and free fatty acids. Thus, in addition to induction of the classical PTP, alternative deleterious mechanisms may contribute to mitochondrial damage following exposure to elevated Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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29
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Lu LQ, Tian J, Luo XJ, Peng J. Targeting the pathways of regulated necrosis: a potential strategy for alleviation of cardio-cerebrovascular injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:63-78. [PMID: 32596778 PMCID: PMC11072340 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy-dependent cell death are the three major types of cell death. Traditionally, necrosis is thought as a passive and unregulated form of cell death. However, certain necrosis can also occur in a highly regulated manner, referring to regulated necrosis. Depending on the signaling pathways, regulated necrosis can be further classified as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos and CypD-mediated necrosis. Numerous studies have reported that regulated necrosis contributes to the progression of multiple injury-relevant diseases. For example, necroptosis contributes to the development of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, heart failure and stroke; pyroptosis is involved in the progression of myocardial or cerebral infarction, atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy; while ferroptosis, parthanatos and CypD-mediated necrosis participate in the pathological process of myocardial and/or cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thereby, targeting the pathways of regulated necrosis pharmacologically or genetically could be an efficient strategy for reducing cardio-cerebrovascular injury. Further study needs to focus on the crosstalk and interplay among different types of regulated necrosis. Pharmacological intervention of two or more types of regulated necrosis simultaneously may have advantages in clinic to treat injury-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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30
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Amanakis G, Sun J, Fergusson MM, McGinty S, Liu C, Molkentin JD, Murphy E. Cysteine 202 of cyclophilin D is a site of multiple post-translational modifications and plays a role in cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:212-223. [PMID: 32129829 PMCID: PMC7797215 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophilin-D is a well-known regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), the main effector of cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, the binding of CypD to the PTP is poorly understood. Cysteine 202 (C202) of CypD is highly conserved among species and can undergo redox-sensitive post-translational modifications. We investigated whether C202 regulates the opening of PTP. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a knock-in mouse model using CRISPR where CypD-C202 was mutated to a serine (C202S). Infarct size is reduced in CypD-C202S Langendorff perfused hearts compared to wild type (WT). Cardiac mitochondria from CypD-C202S mice also have higher calcium retention capacity compared to WT. Therefore, we hypothesized that oxidation of C202 might target CypD to the PTP. Indeed, isolated cardiac mitochondria subjected to oxidative stress exhibit less binding of CypD-C202S to the proposed PTP component F1F0-ATP-synthase. We previously found C202 to be S-nitrosylated in ischaemic preconditioning. Cysteine residues can also undergo S-acylation, and C202 matched an S-acylation motif. S-acylation of CypD-C202 was assessed using a resin-assisted capture (Acyl-RAC). WT hearts are abundantly S-acylated on CypD C202 under baseline conditions indicating that S-acylation on C202 per se does not lead to PTP opening. CypD C202S knock-in hearts are protected from ischaemia/reperfusion injury suggesting further that lack of CypD S-acylation at C202 is not detrimental (when C is mutated to S) and does not induce PTP opening. However, we find that ischaemia leads to de-acylation of C202 and that calcium overload in isolated mitochondria promotes de-acylation of CypD. Furthermore, a high bolus of calcium in WT cardiac mitochondria displaces CypD from its physiological binding partners and possibly renders it available for interaction with the PTP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together the data suggest that with ischaemia CypD is de-acylated at C202 allowing the free cysteine residue to undergo oxidation during the first minutes of reperfusion which in turn targets it to the PTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Amanakis
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junhui Sun
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria M Fergusson
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shane McGinty
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Farshad O, Heidari R, Zamiri MJ, Retana-Márquez S, Khalili M, Ebrahimi M, Jamshidzadeh A, Ommati MM. Spermatotoxic Effects of Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Male Mice. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:591558. [PMID: 33392285 PMCID: PMC7775657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.591558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials possess a remarkably high potential for biomedical applications due to their physical properties; however, their detrimental effects on reproduction are also concerned. Several reports indicate the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNT); nevertheless, their impact on intracellular organelles in the male reproductive organs has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we report on the reprotoxicity of single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) on several intracellular events and histological criteria in pubertal male BALB/c mice orally treated with 0, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day doses for 5 weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial functionality, histopathological alterations, and epididymal sperm characteristics were determined. Oral administration of CNTs at 10 and 50 mg/kg evoked a significant decrement in weight coefficient, sperm viability and motility, hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, sperm count, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, ATP content, total antioxidant capacity, and GSH/GSSH ratio in the testis and epididymal spermatozoa. On the other hand, percent abnormal sperm, testicular and sperm TBARS contents, protein carbonylation, ROS formation, oxidized glutathione level, and sperm mitochondrial depolarization were considerably increased. Significant histopathological and stereological alterations in the testis occurred in the groups challenged with CNTs. The current findings indicated that oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment might substantially impact CNTs-induced reproductive system injury and sperm toxicity. The results can also be used to establish environmental standards for CNT consumption by mammals, produce new chemicals for controlling the rodent populations, and develop therapeutic approaches against CNTs-associated reproductive anomalies in the males exposed daily to these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Meghdad Khalili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Melika Ebrahimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Brustovetsky N. The Role of Adenine Nucleotide Translocase in the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cells 2020; 9:E2686. [PMID: 33333766 PMCID: PMC7765165 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition, a Ca2+-induced significant increase in permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane, plays an important role in various pathologies. The mitochondrial permeability transition is caused by induction of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Despite significant effort, the molecular composition of the PTP is not completely clear and remains an area of hot debate. The Ca2+-modified adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and F0F1 ATP synthase are the major contenders for the role of pore in the PTP. This paper briefly overviews experimental results focusing on the role of ANT in the mitochondrial permeability transition and proposes that multiple molecular entities might be responsible for the conductance pathway of the PTP. Consequently, the term PTP cannot be applied to a single specific protein such as ANT or a protein complex such as F0F1 ATP synthase, but rather should comprise a variety of potential contributors to increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Galber C, Acosta MJ, Minervini G, Giorgio V. The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1199-1214. [PMID: 32769215 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death. We further describe transcriptional and translational modifications of the enzyme subunits and of the inhibitor protein IF1 that may promote adaptations leading to cancer metabolism. Finally, we outline ATP synthase gene mutations and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer development or drug resistance, with the aim of highlighting this enzyme complex as a potential novel target for future anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
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Carraro M, Jones K, Sartori G, Schiavone M, Antonucci S, Kucharczyk R, di Rago JP, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Forte M, Bernardi P. The Unique Cysteine of F-ATP Synthase OSCP Subunit Participates in Modulation of the Permeability Transition Pore. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Hurst S, Gonnot F, Dia M, Crola Da Silva C, Gomez L, Sheu SS. Phosphorylation of cyclophilin D at serine 191 regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and cell death after ischemia-reperfusion. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32814770 PMCID: PMC7438327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury. Although the pore structure is still unresolved, the mechanism through which cyclophilin D (CypD) regulates mPTP opening is the subject of intensive studies. While post-translational modifications of CypD have been shown to modulate pore opening, specific phosphorylation sites of CypD have not yet been identified. We hypothesized here that phosphorylation of CypD on a serine residue controls mPTP opening and subsequent cell death at reperfusion. We combined in silico analysis with in vitro and genetic manipulations to determine potential CypD phosphorylation sites and their effect on mitochondrial function and cell death. Importantly, we developed an in vivo intramyocardial adenoviral strategy to assess the effect of the CypD phosphorylation event on infarct size. Our results show that although CypD can potentially be phosphorylated at multiple serine residues, only the phosphorylation status at S191 directly impacts the ability of CypD to regulate the mPTP. Protein-protein interaction strategies showed that the interaction between CypD and oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) was reduced by 45% in the phosphoresistant S191A mutant, whereas it was increased by 48% in the phosphomimetic S191E mutant cells. As a result, the phosphoresistant CypD S191A mutant was protected against 18 h starvation whereas cell death was significantly increased in phosphomimetic S191E group, associated with mitochondrial respiration alteration and ROS production. As in vivo proof of concept, in S191A phosphoresistant rescued CypD-KO mice developed significantly smaller infarct as compared to WT whereas infarct size was drastically increased in S191E phosphomimetic rescued mice. We conclude that CypD phosphorylation at S191 residue leads to its binding to OSCP and thus sensitizes mPTP opening for the subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hurst
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Fabrice Gonnot
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Maya Dia
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Carraro M, Carrer A, Urbani A, Bernardi P. Molecular nature and regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s), drug target(s) in cardioprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Amanakis G, Murphy E. Cyclophilin D: An Integrator of Mitochondrial Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32625108 PMCID: PMC7311779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, well-known for regulating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a nonspecific large conductance pore whose opening leads to cell death and has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury in multiple organs, in neurodegenerative disorders, and in muscular dystrophies. While the main target of CypD is a matter of ongoing research, inhibiting CypD protects in models of those diseases making it an interesting therapeutic target. The present review focuses on post-translational modifications of CypD that have been identified by recent studies, which can alter the regulation of the PTP and contribute to understanding the mechanisms of action of CypD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Amanakis
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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38
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Huang D, Peng Y, Li Z, Chen S, Deng X, Shao Z, Ma K. Compression-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells by promoting mitophagy activation via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5850-5864. [PMID: 32281308 PMCID: PMC7214186 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research aimed to explore the possible relationship between PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy and the compression-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Therefore, the stages of senescence in NPCs were measured under compression lasting 0, 24 and 48 hours. The mitophagy-related markers, autophagosomes and mitochondrial membrane potential were tested to determine the levels of PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy under compression. The PINK1 and PARKIN levels were also measured by immunohistochemistry of human and rat intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues taken at different degenerative stages. A specific mitophagy inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CSA) and a constructed PINK1-shRNA were used to explore the relationship between mitophagy and senescence by down-regulating the PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy levels. Our results indicated that compression significantly enhanced the senescence of NPCs in a time-dependent manner. Also, PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy was found to be activated by the extended duration of compression on NPCs as well as the increased degenerative stages of IVD tissues. After inhibition of PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy by CSA and PINK1-shRNA, the senescence of NPCs induced by compression was strongly rescued. Hence, the excessive degradation of mitochondria in NPCs by mitophagy under continuous compression may accelerate the senescence of NPCs. Regulating PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy might be a potential therapeutic treatment for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of OrthopedicsMusculoskeletal Tumor CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kaige Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Ommati MM, Manthari RK, Tikka C, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Ahmadi HN, Ghaffari H, Heidari R, Wang J. Arsenic-induced autophagic alterations and mitochondrial impairments in HPG-S axis of mature male mice offspring (F1-generation): A persistent toxicity study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:83-98. [PMID: 32112876 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has been implicated in causing reproductive toxicity, but the precise cellular pathway through which the As toxicity in mature F1- male mice hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal- sperm (HPG-S) axis is induced has not well been documented. Hence, parental mice were treated to As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm in deionized water) from five weeks before mating until weaning, and the male pups from weaning to maturity. Afterward, the markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and autophagy as fundamental mechanisms of cytotoxicity and organ injury were evaluated. Higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in HPG-S axis. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles in the HPG axis, an adverse dose-dependent effect was observed on the mean body weight, litter size, organ coefficient, and spermatogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed more autophagosomes at high As2O3 dosage. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in gene expression of PI3K, Atg5, Atg12, as well as protein expression of Beclin1, LC3- I, II, P62 in HPG axis tissues and Atg12 in the pituitary; a dose-dependent decrease in mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of mature F1-males. These observations provide direct evidence that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairments and autophagic cell death, through AMPK/TSC/mTOR and LC3 related pathways, are fundamental mechanisms for As2O3- induced toxicity on the reproductive system in mature male mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Nategh Ahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is involved in oxidative burst and NETosis of human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165664. [PMID: 31926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to numerous pathogenic microbes as the last suicidal resource (NETosis) in the fight against infection. Apart from the host defense function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETosis is important for regulating aberrant NET release. The initiation of NETosis after the recognition of pathogens by specific receptors is mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, therefore, the use of Ca2+ ionophore A23187 can be considered a semi-physiological model of NETosis. Induction of NETosis by various stimuli depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase, however, NETosis induced by Ca2+ ionophores was suggested to be mediated by ROS produced in mitochondria (mtROS). Using the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 and specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, we showed that both sources of ROS, mitochondria and NADPH oxidase, are involved in NETosis induced by A23187 in human neutrophils. In support of the critical role of mtROS, SkQ1-sensitive NETosis was demonstrated to be induced by A23187 in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We assume that Ca2+-triggered mtROS production contributes to NETosis either directly (CGD neutrophils) or by stimulating NADPH oxidase. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in neutrophils treated by A23187 was revealed using the electron transmission microscopy as a swelling of the mitochondrial matrix. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that the mPTP is involved in mtROS production, NETosis, and the oxidative burst induced by A23187.
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41
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Carraro M, Bernardi P. Measurement of membrane permeability and the mitochondrial permeability transition. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 155:369-379. [PMID: 32183968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is an increase in the inner membrane permeability caused by the opening of a Ca2+-activated high-conductance channel, the so-called PT pore (PTP) or mitochondrial megachannel (MMC). Recent data indicate that F-ATP synthase contributes substantially to the generation of the PTP, yet this hypothesis is the matter of controversy. In this chapter, we will describe an approach to study the pore, i.e., the evaluation of mitochondrial swelling by means of a decrease in the absorbance at 540nm. This method should be useful to resolve apparent discrepancies in the literature and help solve emerging issues on the identity of mitochondrial pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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42
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ATP-sensitive K + channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore mediate effects of hydrogen sulfide on cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis and insulin secretion in β-cells. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1551-1564. [PMID: 31713764 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously produced in pancreatic ß cells and its level is elevated in diabetes. Here, we report that H2S affects insulin secretion via two mechanisms that converge on cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), a key mediator of insulin exocytosis. Cellular calcium imaging, using Fura-2 or Fluo-4, showed that exposure of INS-1E cells to H2S (30-100 μM) reduced both [Ca2+]i levels (by 21.7 ± 2.3%) and oscillation frequency (p < 0.01, n = 4). Consistent with a role of plasma membrane KATP channels (plasma-KATP), the effects of H2S on [Ca2+]i were blocked by gliclazide (a blocker of plasma-KATP channels), but were mimicked by diazoxide (an activator of plasma-KATP channels). Surprisingly, when Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane was inhibited using Ca2+-free external solutions, H2S increased [Ca2+]i by 39.7 ± 3.6% suggesting Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. H2S-induced [Ca2+]i increases were abolished by either FCCP (which depletes Ca2+ stored in mitochondria) or cyclosporine A (an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP) suggesting that H2S induces Ca2+ release from mitochondria. Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) suggested that H2S causes MMP depolarization, which was blocked by cyclosporine A. Finally, insulin measurements by ELISA indicated that H2S decreased insulin release from INS-1E cells, but after plasma membrane Ca2+ entry was blocked by nifedipine, H2S-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ release is able to increase insulin release. Together, our results indicate that H2S has dual effects on insulin release suggesting that, with different metabolic conditions, H2S may differentially modulate the insulin release from pancreatic ß cells and play a role in ß cell dysfunction.
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K, Ito K. Electron transport chain complex II sustains high mitochondrial membrane potential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101573. [PMID: 31539857 PMCID: PMC6802285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in the fate determination of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not solely limited to the switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, but also involves alterations in mitochondrial features and properties, including mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt). HSPCs have a high ΔΨmt even when the rates of respiration and phosphorylation are low, and we have previously shown that the minimum proton flow through ATP synthesis (or complex V) enables high ΔΨmt in HSPCs. Here we show that HSPCs sustain a unique equilibrium between electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and ATP production. HSPCs exhibit high expression of ETC complex II, which sustains complex III in proton pumping, although the expression levels of complex I or V are relatively low. Complex II inhibition by TTFA caused a substantial decrease of ΔΨmt, particularly in HSPCs, while the inhibition of complex I by Rotenone mainly affected mature populations. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of complex II reduced in vitro colony-replating capacity but this was not observed when complex I was inhibited, which supports the distinct roles of complex I and II in HSPCs. Taken together, these data highlight complex II as a key regulator of ΔΨmt in HSPCs and open new and interesting questions regarding the precise mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial control to maintain hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K. Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/60057. [PMID: 31424437 PMCID: PMC6755668 DOI: 10.3791/60057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As cellular metabolism is a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, the various roles played by the mitochondria in hematopoietic homeostasis have been extensively studied by HSC researchers. Mitochondrial activity levels are reflected in their membrane potentials (ΔΨm), which can be measured by cell-permeant cationic dyes such as TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester). The ability of efflux pumps to extrude these dyes from cells can limit their usefulness, however. The resulting measurement bias is particularly critical when assessing HSCs, as xenobiotic transporters exhibit higher levels of expression and activity in HSCs than in differentiated cells. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing Verapamil, an efflux pump inhibitor, to accurately measure ΔΨm across multiple bone marrow populations. The resulting inhibition of pump activity is shown to increase TMRM intensity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), while leaving it relatively unchanged in mature fractions. This highlights the close attention to dye-efflux activity that is required when ΔΨm-dependent dyes are used, and as written and visualized, this protocol can be used to accurately compare either different populations within the bone marrow, or the same population across different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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45
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Carraro M, Checchetto V, Szabó I, Bernardi P. F‐ATPsynthase and the permeability transition pore: fewer doubts, more certainties. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1542-1553. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Ildikó Szabó
- Department of Biology University of Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Italy
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Liddicoat AM, Lavelle EC. Modulation of innate immunity by cyclosporine A. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:472-480. [PMID: 30880061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A has long been known to suppress T cell responses by inhibiting the production of IL-2, which drives T cell proliferation, enabling its use as a therapeutic for transplantation or autoimmunity. However, cyclosporine A also impacts on innate immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. In dendritic cells, which are essential for T cell priming, cyclosporine A can modulate both expression of surface molecules that engage with T cells and cytokine secretion, leading to altered induction of T cell responses. In macrophages and neutrophils, which play key antimicrobial roles, cyclosporine A reduces the production of cytokines that can play protective roles against pathogens. Some of these molecules, if produced in the context of chronic disease, can also contribute to pathology. There have been a number of elegant recent studies addressing the mechanisms by which cyclosporine A can modulate innate immunity. In particular, cyclosporine A inhibits the release of mitochondrial factors that stimulate the production of type 1 interferons by innate immune cells. This review addresses the emerging literature on modulation of innate immune responses by cyclosporine A, its resultant impact on adaptive immune responses and how this offers potential for new therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Liddicoat
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Hoffman CM, Han J, Calvi LM. Impact of aging on bone, marrow and their interactions. Bone 2019; 119:1-7. [PMID: 30010082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in land dwelling vertebrates and marine mammals occurs within the bone marrow, continually providing mature progeny over the course of an organism's lifetime. This conserved dependency highlights the critical relationship between these two organs, yet the skeletal and hematopoietic systems are often thought of as separate. In fact, data are beginning to show that skeletal disease pathogenesis influences hematopoiesis and viceversa, offering novel opportunities to approach disease affecting bone and blood. With a growing global population of aged individuals, interest has focused on cell autonomous changes in hematopoietic and skeletal systems that result in dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on aging effects in both fields, and provide critical examples of organ cross-talk in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Hoffman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jimin Han
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura M Calvi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
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Galber C, Valente G, von Stockum S, Giorgio V. Purification of Functional F-ATP Synthase from Blue Native PAGE. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1925:233-243. [PMID: 30674031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9018-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of Ca2+, F-ATP synthase preparations eluted from Blue Native gels generate electrophysiological currents that are typical of an inner mitochondrial membrane mega-channel, the permeability transition pore. Here we describe an experimental protocol for purification of F-ATP synthase that allows to maintain the enzyme assembly and activity that are essential for catalysis and channel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Valente
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sophia von Stockum
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Venezia, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR and University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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49
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Torrezan-Nitao E, Figueiredo RCBQ, Marques-Santos LF. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore in sea urchin female gametes. Mech Dev 2018; 154:208-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bonora M, Ito K, Morganti C, Pinton P, Ito K. Membrane-potential compensation reveals mitochondrial volume expansion during HSC commitment. Exp Hematol 2018; 68:30-37.e1. [PMID: 30395909 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of mitochondrial function is a key factor in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mitochondrial content is commonly measured by staining with fluorescent cationic dyes. However, dye staining can be affected, not only by xenobiotic efflux pumps, but also by dye intake, which is dependent on the negative charge of mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt) must be considered in these measurements because a high ΔΨmt due to respiratory chain activity can enhance dye intake, leading to the overestimation of mitochondrial volume. Here, we show that HSCs exhibit the highest ΔΨmt of the hematopoietic lineages and, as a result, ΔΨmt-independent methods most accurately assess the relatively low mitochondrial volumes and DNA amounts of HSC mitochondria. Multipotent progenitor stage or active HSCs display expanded mitochondrial volumes, which decline again with further maturation. Further characterization of the controlled remodeling of the mitochondrial landscape at each hematopoietic stage will contribute to a deeper understanding of the mitochondrial role in HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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