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Chen Z, Wang S, Pottekat A, Duffey A, Jang I, Chang BH, Cho J, Finck BN, Davidson NO, Kaufman RJ. Conditional hepatocyte ablation of PDIA1 uncovers indispensable roles in both APOB and MTTP folding to support VLDL secretion. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101874. [PMID: 38211723 PMCID: PMC10832468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assembly and secretion of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays pivotal roles in hepatic and plasma lipid homeostasis. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1/P4HB) is a molecular chaperone whose functions are essential for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we investigated the physiological requirement in vivo for PDIA1 in maintaining VLDL assembly and secretion. METHODS Pdia1/P4hb was conditionally deleted in adult mouse hepatocytes and the phenotypes characterized. Mechanistic analyses in primary hepatocytes determined how PDIA1 ablation alters MTTP synthesis and degradation as well as altering synthesis and secretion of Apolipoprotein B (APOB), along with complementary expression of intact PDIA1 vs a catalytically inactivated PDIA1 mutant. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pdia1/P4hb inhibited hepatic MTTP expression and dramatically reduced VLDL production, leading to severe hepatic steatosis and hypolipidemia. Pdia1-deletion did not affect mRNA expression or protein stability of MTTP but rather prevented Mttp mRNA translation. We demonstrate an essential role for PDIA1 in MTTP synthesis and function and show that PDIA1 interacts with APOB in an MTTP-independent manner via its molecular chaperone function to support APOB folding and secretion. CONCLUSIONS PDIA1 plays indispensable roles in APOB folding, MTTP synthesis and activity to support VLDL assembly. Thus, like APOB and MTTP, PDIA1 is an obligatory component of hepatic VLDL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouji Chen
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Alec Duffey
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Benny H Chang
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetics and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla CA 92037, USA.
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Situ B, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Tu Y. Graphene oxide-based large-area dynamic covalent interfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17739-17750. [PMID: 37916524 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic materials, being capable of reversible structural adaptation in response to the variation of external surroundings, have experienced significant advancements in the past several decades. In particular, dynamic covalent materials (DCMs), where the dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) can reversibly break and reform under defined conditions, present superior dynamic characteristics, such as self-adaptivity, self-healing and shape memory. However, the dynamic characteristics of DCBs are mainly limited within the length scale of covalent bonds, due to the local position exchange or the inter-distance variation between the chemical compositions involved in the reversible covalent reactions. In this minireview, a discussion regarding the realization of long-range migration of chemical compositions along the interfaces of graphene oxide (GO)-based materials via the spatially connected and consecutive occurrence of DCB-based reversible covalent reactions is presented, and the interfaces are termed "large-area dynamic covalent interfaces (LDCIs)". The effective strategies, including water adsorption, interfacial curvature and metal-substrate support, as well as the potential applications of LDCIs in water dissociation and humidity sensing are summarized. Additionally, we also give an outlook on potential strategies to realize LDCIs on other 2D carbon-based materials, including the interfacial morphology and periodic element doping. This minireview provides insights into the realization of LDCIs on a wider range of 2D materials, and offers a theoretical perspective for advancing materials with long-range dynamic characteristics and improved performance, including controlled drug delivery/release and high-efficiency (bio)sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Situ
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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3
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Checconi P, Coni C, Limongi D, Baldelli S, Ciccarone F, De Angelis M, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Ciriolo MR, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Influenza virus replication is affected by glutaredoxin1-mediated protein deglutathionylation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22729. [PMID: 36583688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several redox modifications have been described during viral infection, including influenza virus infection, but little is known about glutathionylation and this respiratory virus. Glutathionylation is a reversible, post-translational modification, in which protein cysteine forms transient disulfides with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by cellular oxidoreductases and in particular by glutaredoxin (Grx). We show here that (i) influenza virus infection induces protein glutathionylation, including that of viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA); (ii) Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation is important for the viral life cycle, as its inhibition, either with an inhibitor of its enzymatic activity or by siRNA, decreases viral replication. Overall these data contribute to the characterization of the complex picture of redox regulation of the influenza virus replication cycle and could help to identify new targets to control respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Coni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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4
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Li W. Distinct enzymatic strategies for de novo generation of disulfide bonds in membranes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 58:36-49. [PMID: 37098102 PMCID: PMC10460286 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation is a catalyzed reaction essential for the folding and stability of proteins in the secretory pathway. In prokaryotes, disulfide bonds are generated by DsbB or VKOR homologs that couple the oxidation of a cysteine pair to quinone reduction. Vertebrate VKOR and VKOR-like enzymes have gained the epoxide reductase activity to support blood coagulation. The core structures of DsbB and VKOR variants share the architecture of a four-transmembrane-helix bundle that supports the coupled redox reaction and a flexible region containing another cysteine pair for electron transfer. Despite considerable similarities, recent high-resolution crystal structures of DsbB and VKOR variants reveal significant differences. DsbB activates the cysteine thiolate by a catalytic triad of polar residues, a reminiscent of classical cysteine/serine proteases. In contrast, bacterial VKOR homologs create a hydrophobic pocket to activate the cysteine thiolate. Vertebrate VKOR and VKOR-like maintain this hydrophobic pocket and further evolved two strong hydrogen bonds to stabilize the reaction intermediates and increase the quinone redox potential. These hydrogen bonds are critical to overcome the higher energy barrier required for epoxide reduction. The electron transfer process of DsbB and VKOR variants uses slow and fast pathways, but their relative contribution may be different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The quinone is a tightly bound cofactor in DsbB and bacterial VKOR homologs, whereas vertebrate VKOR variants use transient substrate binding to trigger the electron transfer in the slow pathway. Overall, the catalytic mechanisms of DsbB and VKOR variants have fundamental differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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6
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Welter AA, Wu WJ, Maurer R, O’Quinn TG, Chao MD, Boyle DL, Geisbrecht ER, Hartson SD, Bowker BC, Zhuang H. An Investigation of the Altered Textural Property in Woody Breast Myopathy Using an Integrative Omics Approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860868. [PMID: 35370787 PMCID: PMC8970568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy observed in broiler Pectoralis major (PM) characterized by its tough and rubbery texture with greater level of calcium content. The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality/integrity of WB sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which may contribute to the elevated calcium content observed in WB and other factors that may influence WB texture. Fourteen Ross line broiler PM [7 severe WB and 7 normal (N)] were selected, packaged, and frozen at −20°C at 8 h postmortem from a commercial processing plant. Samples were used to measure pH, sarcomere length, proteolysis, calpain activity, collagenase activity, collagen content, collagen crosslinks density, and connective tissue peak transitional temperature. Exudate was also collected from each sample to evaluate free calcium concentration. The SR fraction of the samples was separated and utilized for proteomic and lipidomic analysis. The WB PM had a higher pH, shorter sarcomeres, lower % of intact troponin-T, more autolyzed μ/m calpain, more activated collagenase, greater collagen content, greater mature collagen crosslinks density, and higher connective tissue peak transitional temperature than the N PM (p ≤ 0.05). Exudate from WB PM had higher levels of free calcium than those from N PM (p < 0.05). Proteomics data revealed an upregulation of calcium transport proteins and a downregulation of proteins responsible for calcium release (p < 0.05) in WB SR. Interestingly, there was an upregulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and cholinesterase exhibited a 7.6-fold increase in WB SR (p < 0.01). Lipidomics data revealed WB SR had less relative % of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and more lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; p < 0.05). The results indicated that upregulation of calcium transport proteins and downregulation of calcium-release proteins in WB SR may be the muscle’s attempt to regulate this proposed excessive signaling of calcium release due to multiple factors, such as upregulation of PLA2 resulting in PC hydrolysis and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors in the system prolonging action potential. In addition, the textural abnormality of WB may be the combined effects of shorter sarcomere length and more collagen with greater crosslink density being deposited in the broiler PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A. Welter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wan Jun Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ryan Maurer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Travis G. O’Quinn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Michael D. Chao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael D. Chao,
| | - Daniel L. Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University Microscopy Facility, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Steve D. Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Brian C. Bowker
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong Zhuang
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
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7
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Soon JW, Oohora K, Hayashi T. A disulphide bond-mediated hetero-dimer of a hemoprotein and a fluorescent protein exhibiting efficient energy transfer †. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28519-28524. [PMID: 36320522 PMCID: PMC9535469 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial protein hetero-dimerization is one of the promising strategies to construct protein-based chemical tools. In this work, cytochrome b562, an electron transfer hemoprotein, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants with cysteine residues added to their surfaces were conjugated via a pyridyl disulphide-based thiol–disulfide exchange reaction. The eight hetero-dimers, which have cysteine residues at different positions to form the disulphide bonds, were obtained and characterized by gel-electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. The fluorescence properties of the hetero-dimers were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Efficient photoinduced energy transfer from the GFP chromophore to the heme cofactor was observed in each of the hetero-dimers. The energy transfer efficiency is strongly dependent on the cross-linking residues, reaching 96%. Furthermore, the estimated Förster distance and the structure-based maximum possible distances of the donor and acceptor suggest that one of the hetero-dimers has a rigid protein–protein structure with favourable properties for energy transfer. The disulphide bond-mediated protein hetero-dimerization is useful for screening functional protein systems towards further developments. Hetero-dimerization of a hemoprotein and green fluorescent protein via a thiol–disulphide exchange reaction is achieved. The heterodimer has suitable cross-linking points and displays efficient energy transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wong Soon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuita565-0871Japan
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuita565-0871Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuita565-0871Japan
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8
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Monazzah M, Tahmasebi Enferadi S, Rabiei Z, De Nobili M. Proteome Changes in Stem Tissues of Sunflower Lines Inoculated with Culture Filtrate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2722. [PMID: 34825012 PMCID: PMC8590719 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.223625.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary cause a deleterious disease on sunflower plants. Oxalic acid is the main pathogenicity factor of S. sclerotiorum. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have been used in several studies to investigate molecular changes that occur in the plants in response to S. sclerotiorum infection. Comparing responses of resistant and susceptible lines upon pathogen infection provided novel information regarding defense mechanisms against this necrotrophic pathogen. OBJECTIVES The present study reports proteome changes of partially resistant and susceptible sunflower lines under pathogen's culture filtrate treatment, resulting in the characterization of up- and down- regulated proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sunflower partially resistant and susceptible lines with two true leaves were exposed to fungus culture filtrate. The stems of treated and untreated plants were sampled at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment for two-dimensional electrophoresis. Twenty spots showed more than 1.5-fold change in abundance were subjected to MALDI/TOF-TOF MS for further analysis. RESULTS The identified proteins were categorized into several classes including carbohydrate and energy metabolism (25%), cellular metabolic process (15%), stress response (15%), plant cell wall biogenesis (10%), photosynthesis (10%), protein metabolism (10%), unknown function (10%) and redox homeostasis (5%). CONCLUSIONS Our proteomic investigation demonstrates an increase in the expression of proteins only in partially resistant line, such as proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and plant defense responses (malate dehydrogenase and peroxidase), metabolic process (adenosine kinase), regulating cell redox homeostasis (disulfide isomerase) and lignin biosynthetic process (laccase). Moreover, the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, involved in proline biosynthesis, was significantly changed in both sunflower lines in response to pathogen culture filtrate. Proteins which were only up-regulated in the partially resistant lines might have a significant role in mediating the defense against Sclerotinia and could be considered for enhancing resistance against this devastating pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Monazzah
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Tahmasebi Enferadi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rabiei
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria De Nobili
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Italy
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9
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Bryan L, Henry M, Barron N, Gallagher C, Kelly RM, Frye CC, Osborne MD, Clynes M, Meleady P. Differential expression of miRNAs and functional role of mir-200a in high and low productivity CHO cells expressing an Fc fusion protein. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1551-1563. [PMID: 34131805 PMCID: PMC8254715 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We used miRNA and proteomic profiling to understand intracellular pathways that contribute to high and low specific productivity (Qp) phenotypes in CHO clonally derived cell lines (CDCLs) from the same cell line generation project. Results Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified which are predicted to target several proteins associated with protein folding. MiR-200a was found to have a number of predicted targets associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR) which were shown to have decreased expression in high Qp CDCLs and have no detected change at the mRNA level. MiR-200a overexpression in a CHO CDCL was found to increase recombinant protein titer by 1.2 fold and Qp by 1.8 fold. Conclusion These results may suggest a role for miR-200a in post-transcriptional regulation of the UPR, presenting miR-200a as a potential target for engineering industrially attractive CHO cell phenotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10529-021-03153-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Clair Gallagher
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ronan M Kelly
- Eli Lilly and Company, LTC-North, 1200 Kentucky Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | - Christopher C Frye
- Eli Lilly and Company, LTC-North, 1200 Kentucky Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | | | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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10
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The regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) expression by Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246531. [PMID: 33539422 PMCID: PMC7861413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a transcription factor, plays a critical role in adaption to hypoxia, which is a major feature of diseases, including cancer. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is up-regulated in numerous cancers and leads to cancer progression. PDI, a member of the TRX superfamily, regulates the transcriptional activities of several transcription factors. To investigate the mechanisms by which PDI affects the function of HIF-1alpha, the overexpression or knockdown of PDI was performed. The overexpression of PDI decreased HIF-1alpha expression in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, Hep3B, whereas the knockdown of endogenous PDI increased its expression. NH4Cl inhibited the decrease in HIF-1alpha expression by PDI overexpression, suggesting that HIF-1alpha was degraded by the lysosomal pathway. HIF-1alpha is transferred to lysosomal membranes by heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (HSC70). The knockdown of HSC70 abolished the decrease, and PDI facilitated the interaction between HIF-1alpha and HSC70. HIF-1alpha directly interacted with PDI. PDI exists not only in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also in the cytosol. Hypoxia increased cytosolic PDI. We also investigated changes in the redox state of HIF-1alpha using PEG-maleimide, which binds to thiols synthesized from disulfide bonds by reduction. An up-shift in the HIF-1alpha band by the overexpression of PDI was detected, suggesting that PDI formed disulfide bond in HIF-1alpha. HIF-1alpha oxidized by PDI was not degraded in HSC70-knockdown cells, indicating that the formation of disulfide bond in HIF-1alpha was important for decreases in HIF-1alpha expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the regulation of the expression and redox state of HIF-1alpha by PDI. We also demonstrated that PDI formed disulfide bonds in HIF-1alpha 1–245 aa and decreased its expression. In conclusion, the present results showed that PDI is a novel factor regulating HIF-1alpha through lysosome-dependent degradation by changes in its redox state.
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11
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PDI-Regulated Disulfide Bond Formation in Protein Folding and Biomolecular Assembly. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010171. [PMID: 33396541 PMCID: PMC7794689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds play a pivotal role in maintaining the natural structures of proteins to ensure their performance of normal biological functions. Moreover, biological molecular assembly, such as the gluten network, is also largely dependent on the intermolecular crosslinking via disulfide bonds. In eukaryotes, the formation and rearrangement of most intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are mediated by protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), which consist of multiple thioredoxin-like domains. These domains assist correct folding of proteins, as well as effectively prevent the aggregation of misfolded ones. Protein misfolding often leads to the formation of pathological protein aggregations that cause many diseases. On the other hand, glutenin aggregation and subsequent crosslinking are required for the formation of a rheologically dominating gluten network. Herein, the mechanism of PDI-regulated disulfide bond formation is important for understanding not only protein folding and associated diseases, but also the formation of functional biomolecular assembly. This review systematically illustrated the process of human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI) mediated disulfide bond formation and complemented this with the current mechanism of wheat protein disulfide isomerase (wPDI) catalyzed formation of gluten networks.
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12
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Okada M, Kozaki I, Honda H. Antidepressive effect of an inward rectifier K+ channel blocker peptide, tertiapin-RQ. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233815. [PMID: 33186384 PMCID: PMC7665585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal outer medullary K+ channel, ROMK (Kir1.1, kcnj1) is expressed in the kidney and brain, but its role in the central nervous system remains unknown. Recent studies suggested an involvement of the ROMK channel in mental diseases. Tertiapin (TPN) is a European honey bee venom peptide and is reported to selectively block the ROMK channel. Here, we have chemically synthesized a series of mutated TPN peptides, including TPN-I8R and -M13Q (TPN-RQ), reported previously, and examined their blocking activity on the ROMK channel. Among 71 peptides tested, TPN-RQ was found to block the ROMK channel most effectively. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed the essential roles of two disulfide bonds and the circular structure for the blockade activity. To examine the central role, we injected TPN-RQ intracerebroventricularly and examined the effects on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. TPN-RQ showed an antidepressive effect in tail-suspension and forced swim tests. The injection of TPN-RQ also enhanced the anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze and light/dark box tests and impaired spontaneous motor activities in balance beam and wheel running tests. Administration of TPM-RQ suppressed the anti-c-Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septum, without affecting immunoreactivity in antidepressant-related nuclei, e.g. the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus. TPN-RQ may exert its antidepressive effects through a different mechanism from current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Okada
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ikkou Kozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate Schoosl of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate Schoosl of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Hagras MA, Bellucci MA, Gobbo G, Marek RA, Trout BL. Computational Modeling of the Disulfide Cross-Linking Reaction. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9840-9851. [PMID: 33111518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide cross-linking is one of the fundamental covalent bonds that exist prevalently in many biological molecules that is involved in versatile functional activities such as antibody stability, viral assembly, and protein folding. Additionally, it is a crucial factor in various industrial applications. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of its reaction mechanism would help gain insight into its different functional activities. Computational simulation of the disulfide cross-linking reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was performed at the integrated quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) level of theory in a water box under periodic boundary conditions. A benchmarking study for the barrier height of the disulfide formation step was performed on a model system between methanethiol and methane sulfenic acid to determine, for the QM system, the best-fit density functional theory (DFT) functional/basis set combination that produces comparable results to a higher-level theory of the coupled-cluster method. Computational results show that the disulfide cross-linking reaction with H2O2 reagent can proceed through a one-step or a two-step pathway for the high pKa cysteines or two different pathways for the low pKa cysteines to ultimately produce the sulfenic acid/sulfenate intermediate complex. Subsequently, those intermediates react with another neutral/anionic cysteine residue to form the cysteine product. In addition, the solvent-assisted proton-exchange/proton-transfer effects were examined on the energetic barriers for the different transition states, and the molecular contributions of the chemically involved water molecules were studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Hagras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A Bellucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,XtalPi Inc., 245 Main Street, 11th Floor, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gianpaolo Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,XtalPi Inc., 245 Main Street, 11th Floor, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan A Marek
- MMD, Merck & Co Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Bernhardt L Trout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Kajihara D, Hon CC, Abdullah AN, Wosniak J, Moretti AIS, Poloni JF, Bonatto D, Hashimoto K, Carninci P, Laurindo FRM. Analysis of splice variants of the human protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) gene. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:766. [PMID: 33148170 PMCID: PMC7640458 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein Disulfide Isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily with crucial roles in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis, implicated in many diseases. The family prototype PDIA1 is also involved in vascular redox cell signaling. PDIA1 is coded by the P4HB gene. While forced changes in P4HB gene expression promote physiological effects, little is known about endogenous P4HB gene regulation and, in particular, gene modulation by alternative splicing. This study addressed the P4HB splice variant landscape. RESULTS Ten protein coding sequences (Ensembl) of the P4HB gene originating from alternative splicing were characterized. Structural features suggest that except for P4HB-021, other splice variants are unlikely to exert thiol isomerase activity at the endoplasmic reticulum. Extensive analyses using FANTOM5, ENCODE Consortium and GTEx project databases as RNA-seq data sources were performed. These indicated widespread expression but significant variability in the degree of isoform expression among distinct tissues and even among distinct locations of the same cell, e.g., vascular smooth muscle cells from different origins. P4HB-02, P4HB-027 and P4HB-021 were relatively more expressed across each database, the latter particularly in vascular smooth muscle. Expression of such variants was validated by qRT-PCR in some cell types. The most consistently expressed splice variant was P4HB-021 in human mammary artery vascular smooth muscle which, together with canonical P4HB gene, had its expression enhanced by serum starvation. CONCLUSIONS Our study details the splice variant landscape of the P4HB gene, indicating their potential role to diversify the functional reach of this crucial gene. P4HB-021 splice variant deserves further investigation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aimi Naim Abdullah
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Iochabel S Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Joice F Poloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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15
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Suhail S, Zajac J, Fossum C, Lowater H, McCracken C, Severson N, Laatsch B, Narkiewicz-Jodko A, Johnson B, Liebau J, Bhattacharyya S, Hati S. Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review. Protein J 2020; 39:644-656. [PMID: 33106987 PMCID: PMC7587547 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have suggested that a precise disulfide-thiol balance is crucial for viral entry and fusion into the host cell and that oxidative stress generated from free radicals can affect this balance. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. We focused on the impact of antioxidants, like NADPH and glutathione, and redox proteins, such as thioredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase, that maintain the disulfide-thiol balance in the cell. The possible influence of these biomolecules on the binding of viral protein with the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor protein as well as on the severity of COVID-19 infection was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzay Suhail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Jonathan Zajac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Carl Fossum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Harrison Lowater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Cailin McCracken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Nathaniel Severson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Bethany Laatsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Alex Narkiewicz-Jodko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Jessica Liebau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Sudeep Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Sanchita Hati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, USA.
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16
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Yao D, Zhang K, Wu J. Available strategies for improved expression of recombinant proteins in Brevibacillus expression system: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1044-1058. [PMID: 32781847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus offers great potential as a recombinant protein expression host because of its exceptional abilities to synthesize and excrete proteins and its low extracellular protease activity. Despite these strengths, effective recombinant expression strategies are still the key to achieving high-level expression of recombinant proteins in Brevibacillus due to individual differences among strains and target proteins. Many strategies have been developed to improve recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus. This review begins by introducing the processes used to establish and apply the Brevibacillus expression system, and then critically discusses the strategies available for improving recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus, including optimization of the host and the expression vector, co-expression of a fusion partner or foldase, and optimization of the fermentation process. Finally, the prospects for further improvement of recombinant protein expression based on Brevibacillus are also discussed. This review is intended to provide a strategic reference for scientists wanting to improve the expression of a specific recombinant protein in Brevibacillus or other expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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17
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Kamarehei M, Pejman S, Kaboudanian Ardestani S, Zahednasab H, Firouzi M, Harirchian MH. Inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase has neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106286. [PMID: 32172212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is strictly linked to neuroinflammation and involves in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an enzyme that catalyzes formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds and also acts as a chaperone that survives the cells against cell death by removal of misfolded proteins. Our previous work revealed that PDI is explicitly upregulated in response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced ER stress in the brain of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The significance of overexpression of PDI in the apoptosis of neural cells prompted us to study the effect of CCF642, efficient inhibitor of PDI, in the recovery of EAE clinical symptoms. Using this in vivo model, we characterized the ability of CCF642 to decrease the expression of ER stress markers and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of EAE mice. Our observations suggested that CCF642 administration attenuates EAE clinical symptomsand the expression of ER stress-related proteins. Further, it suppressed the inflammatory infiltration of CD4 + T cells and the activation of hippocampus-resident microglia and Th17 cells. We reported here that the inhibition of PDI protected EAE mice against neuronal apoptosis induced by prolonged ER stress and resulted in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kamarehei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Pejman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Firouzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Telini BDP, Menoncin M, Bonatto D. Does Inter-Organellar Proteostasis Impact Yeast Quality and Performance During Beer Fermentation? Front Genet 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 32076433 PMCID: PMC7006503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During beer production, yeast generate ethanol that is exported to the extracellular environment where it accumulates. Depending on the initial carbohydrate concentration in the wort, the amount of yeast biomass inoculated, the fermentation temperature, and the yeast attenuation capacity, a high concentration of ethanol can be achieved in beer. The increase in ethanol concentration as a consequence of the fermentation of high gravity (HG) or very high gravity (VHG) worts promotes deleterious pleiotropic effects on the yeast cells. Moderate concentrations of ethanol (5% v/v) change the enzymatic kinetics of proteins and affect biological processes, such as the cell cycle and metabolism, impacting the reuse of yeast for subsequent fermentation. However, high concentrations of ethanol (> 5% v/v) dramatically alter protein structure, leading to unfolded proteins as well as amorphous protein aggregates. It is noteworthy that the effects of elevated ethanol concentrations generated during beer fermentation resemble those of heat shock stress, with similar responses observed in both situations, such as the activation of proteostasis and protein quality control mechanisms in different cell compartments, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and cytosol. Despite the extensive published molecular and biochemical data regarding the roles of proteostasis in different organelles of yeast cells, little is known about how this mechanism impacts beer fermentation and how different proteostasis mechanisms found in ER, mitochondria, and cytosol communicate with each other during ethanol/fermentative stress. Supporting this integrative view, transcriptome data analysis was applied using publicly available information for a lager yeast strain grown under beer production conditions. The transcriptome data indicated upregulation of genes that encode chaperones, co-chaperones, unfolded protein response elements in ER and mitochondria, ubiquitin ligases, proteasome components, N-glycosylation quality control pathway proteins, and components of processing bodies (p-bodies) and stress granules (SGs) during lager beer fermentation. Thus, the main purpose of this hypothesis and theory manuscript is to provide a concise picture of how inter-organellar proteostasis mechanisms are connected with one another and with biological processes that may modulate the viability and/or vitality of yeast populations during HG/VHG beer fermentation and serial repitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca de Paula Telini
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menoncin
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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19
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Koobaz P, Reza Ghaffari M, Heidari M, Mirzaei M, Ghanati F, Amirkhani A, Mortazavi SE, Moradi F, Hajirezaei MR, Salekdeh GH. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of desiccation tolerance in wheat young seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:349-362. [PMID: 31786507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Young wheat seedlings are desiccation tolerant and have the capacity to withstand long dehydration period. In this study, we characterized the proteome and metabolome of wheat seedlings during desiccation and after recovery. Functional classification of differentially identified proteins revealed dynamic changes in the number and abundance of proteins observed during stress and recovery. Desiccation resulted in a decline in the abundance of proteins associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate reserves, along with an increase in the presence of proteins associated with stress and defense response, such as peroxiredoxins and antioxidant enzymes. Following recovery, the abundance of stress-responsive proteins returned either partially or completely to their baseline level, confirming their importance to the seedling's desiccation response. Furthermore, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, as well as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and fructokinase-2 and phosphorylated metabolites as the substrate or the end-product, showed the inverse pattern during desiccation and after re-watering. This may reflect the fact that plants maintained energy supply during stress to protect seedlings from further damage, and for use in subsequent recovery after rewatering period. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the desiccation tolerance of wheat seedlings, and paves the way for more detailed molecular analysis of this remarkable phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Koobaz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Manzar Heidari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Elyas Mortazavi
- Department of Plant Tissue and Organ Culture, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Foad Moradi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajirezaei
- Physiology and Cell Biology Department, Molecular Plant Nutrition Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Jaiboonma A, Kaokaen P, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Janebodin K, Noisa P, Jitprasertwong P. Cordycepin attenuates Salivary Hypofunction through the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Human Submandibular Gland Cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1733-1743. [PMID: 32714076 PMCID: PMC7378660 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a significant age-related condition. Meanwhile, cordycepin, the natural therapeutic agent, has demonstrated an anti-aging effect. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of cordycepin on secretory function in an in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced salivary hypofunction. After being exposed to H2O2, human submandibular gland (HSG) cells were treated with various concentrations of cordycepin (6.25-50 µM) for 24, 48, and 72h. To evaluate cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and 2, 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays were performed. The amylase activity was kinetically measured by 2-chloro-p-nitrophenol linked with maltotrioside. The expression of salivary, antioxidant and apoptotic markers at mRNA and protein levels were performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. We demonstrated that cordycepin (6.25-25 µM) contributed to significant increases in expression of the salivary marker genes, alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1A) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5), and in amylase secretion without changes in cell viability. Under oxidative stress, HSG cells showed remarkable dysfunction. Cordycepin rescued the protective effects partially by decreasing ROS generation and restoring the expression of the salivary proteins, AMY and AQP5 via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. In addition, the amount of amylase that was secreted from HSG cells cultured in cordycepin was increased. In conclusion, cordycepin demonstrated a protective effect on H2O2 -induced HSG cells by decreasing ROS generation and upregulating the salivary function markers, AMY1A and AQP5, at both the transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Jaiboonma
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Palakorn Kaokaen
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Jitprasertwong
- School of Geriatric Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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21
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Alghamdi M, Al Ghamdi KA, Khan RH, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. An interplay of structure and intrinsic disorder in the functionality of peptidylarginine deiminases, a family of key autoimmunity-related enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4635-4662. [PMID: 31342121 PMCID: PMC11105357 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is a post-translation modification of proteins, where the proteinaceous arginine residues are converted to non-coded citrulline residues. The immune tolerance to such citrullinated protein can be lost, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Citrullination is a chemical reaction mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs), which are a family of calcium-dependent cysteine hydrolase enzymes that includes five isotypes: PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, PAD4, and PAD6. Each PAD has specific substrates and tissue distribution, where it modifies the arginine to produce a citrullinated protein with altered structure and function. All mammalian PADs have a sequence similarity of about 70-95%, whereas in humans, they are 50-55% homologous in their structure and amino acid sequences. Being calcium-dependent hydrolases, PADs are inactive under the physiological level of calcium, but could be activated due to distortions in calcium homeostasis, or when the cellular calcium levels are increased. In this article, we analyze some of the currently available data on the structural properties of human PADs, the mechanisms of their calcium-induced activation, and show that these proteins contain functionally important regions of intrinsic disorder. Citrullination represents an important trigger of multiple physiological and pathological processes, and as a result, PADs are recognized to play a number of important roles in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, we also review the current state of the art in the development of PAD inhibitors with good potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alghamdi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al Ghamdi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan H Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Institutskaya Str., 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
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22
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Robinson RM, Reyes L, Duncan RM, Bian H, Strobel ED, Hyman SL, Reitz AB, Dolloff NG. Tuning isoform selectivity and bortezomib sensitivity with a new class of alkenyl indene PDI inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111906. [PMID: 31787362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI, PDIA1) is an emerging therapeutic target in oncology. PDI inhibitors have demonstrated a unique propensity to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and overcome resistance to existing therapies, although drug candidates have not yet progressed to the stage of clinical development. We recently reported the discovery of lead indene compound E64FC26 as a potent pan-PDI inhibitor that enhances the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors in panels of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells and MM mouse models. An extensive medicinal chemistry program has led to the generation of a diverse library of indene-containing molecules with varying degrees of proteasome inhibitor potentiating activity. These compounds were generated by a novel nucleophilic aromatic ring cyclization and dehydration reaction from the precursor ketones. The results provide detailed structure activity relationships (SAR) around this indene pharmacophore and show a high degree of correlation between potency of PDI inhibition and bortezomib (Btz) potentiation in MM cells. Inhibition of PDI leads to ER and oxidative stress characterized by the accumulation of misfolded poly-ubiquitinated proteins and the induction of UPR biomarkers ATF4, CHOP, and Nrf2. This work characterizes the synthesis and SAR of a new chemical class and further validates PDI as a therapeutic target in MM as a single agent and in combination with proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeder M Robinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ravyn M Duncan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Haiyan Bian
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Eric D Strobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L Hyman
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Nathan G Dolloff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Catalytic Isofunctional Reactions—Expanding the Repertoire of Shuttle and Metathesis Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10074-10103. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Saotome T, Yamazaki T, Kuroda Y. Misfolding of a Single Disulfide Bonded Globular Protein into a Low-Solubility Species Conformationally and Biophysically Distinct from the Native One. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060250. [PMID: 31242697 PMCID: PMC6627273 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In practice and despite Anfinsen’s dogma, the refolding of recombinant multiple SS-bonded proteins is famously difficult because misfolded species with non-native SS-bonds appear upon the oxidization of their cysteine residues. On the other hand, single SS-bond proteins are thought to be simple to refold because their cysteines have only one SS-bond partner. Here, we report that dengue 4 envelope protein domain 3 (DEN4 ED3), a single SS-bonded protein can be irreversibly trapped into a misfolded species through the formation of its sole intramolecular SS-bond. The misfolded species had a much lower solubility than the native one at pHs higher than about 7, and circular dichroism measurements clearly indicated that its secondary structure content was different from the native species. Furthermore, the peaks in the Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) spectrum of DEN4 ED3 from the supernatant fraction were sharp and well dispersed, reflecting the beta-sheeted native structure, whereas the spectrum of the precipitated fraction showed broad signals clustered near its center suggesting no or little structure and a strong tendency to aggregate. The two species had distinct biophysical properties and could interconvert into each other only by cleaving and reforming the SS-bond, strongly suggesting that they are topologically different. This phenomenon can potentially happen with any single SS-bonded protein, and our observation emphasizes the need for assessing the conformation and biophysical properties of bacterially produced therapeutic proteins in addition to their chemical purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Saotome
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamazaki
- NMR Facility, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Liyanage D, Omeka W, Lee J. Molecular characterization, host defense mechanisms, and functional analysis of ERp44 from big-belly seahorse: A novel member of the teleost thioredoxin family present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Katalytische, isofunktionelle Reaktionen – Erweiterung des Repertoires an Shuttle‐ und Metathesereaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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27
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Li L, Zhang S, Wu W, Guan W, Deng Z, Qiao H. Enhancing thermostability of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 through engineering multiple disulfide bonds and mitigating reduced lipase production associated with disulfide bonds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 126:41-49. [PMID: 31000163 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The limited thermostability of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (Lip2) hampers its industrial application. To improve its thermostability, we combined single disulfide bonds which our group identified previously. In this study, combining different regional disulfide bonds had greater effect than combining same regional disulfide bonds. Furthermore, mutants with 4, 5, and 6 disulfide bonds exhibited dramatically enhanced thermostability. Compared with the wild-type, sextuple mutant 6s displayed a 22.53 and 31.23 ℃ increase in the melting temperature (Tm) and the half loss temperature at 15 min (T15 50), respectively, with greater pH stability and a wider reaction pH range. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that multiple disulfide bonds resulted in more rigid structures of mutants 4s, 5s and 6s, and prolonged enzyme unfolding times. Moreover, secretions of mutants 5s and 6s were significantly increased by 60% and 80% by co-expressing with the chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which mitigated the reduced production issue caused by multiple disulfide bonds. Results of this study indicated that enhanced heat endurance giving more potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilang Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shihai Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Weikun Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zixiao Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanzhen Qiao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Thomas R, Kermode AR. Enzyme enhancement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases: Current status and perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:83-97. [PMID: 30528228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule- enzyme enhancement therapeutics (EETs) have emerged as attractive agents for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a broad group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes, or proteins required for lysosomal function. The underlying enzyme deficiencies characterizing LSDs cause a block in the stepwise degradation of complex macromolecules (e.g. glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids and others), such that undegraded or partially degraded substrates progressively accumulate in lysosomal and non-lysosomal compartments, a process leading to multisystem pathology via primary and secondary mechanisms. Missense mutations underlie many of the LSDs; the resultant mutant variant enzyme hydrolase is often impaired in its folding and maturation making it subject to rapid disposal by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Enzyme deficiency in the lysosome is the result, even though the mutant enzyme may retain significant catalytic functioning. Small molecule modulators - pharmacological chaperones (PCs), or proteostasis regulators (PRs) are being identified through library screens and computational tools, as they may offer a less costly approach than enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for LSDs, and potentially treat neuronal forms of the diseases. PCs, capable of directly stabilizing the mutant protein, and PRs, which act on other cellular elements to enhance protein maturation, both allow a proportion of the synthesized variant protein to reach the lysosome and function. Proof-of-principle for PCs and PRs as therapeutic agents has been demonstrated for several LSDs, yet definitive data of their efficacy in disease models and/or in downstream clinical studies in many cases has yet to be achieved. Basic research to understand the cellular consequences of protein misfolding such as perturbed organellar crosstalk, redox status, and calcium balance is needed. Likewise, an elucidation of the early in cellulo pathogenic events underlying LSDs is vital and may lead to the discovery of new small molecule modulators and/or to other therapeutic approaches for driving proteostasis toward protein rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada.
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29
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Demska K, Filip E, Skuza L. "Expression of genes encoding protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in cultivars and lines of common wheat with different baking quality of flour". BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:294. [PMID: 30466386 PMCID: PMC6251204 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subject of this research was to investigate the level of expression of genes encoding protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in cultivars and lines of wheat with different baking value of flour. PDI plays a key role in the formation of disulfide bonds in newly formed proteins. Each of cultivars and lines had a specific set of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). Based on the presence of individual subunits, the potential baking value is predicted. Sometimes this value is not confirmed during technological analysis. Since there are cases where flour has a better or worse value than expected on the basis of the genotype, the expression of PDI genes was considered as a potential cause for discrepancies mentioned. RESULTS Analysis focused on three stages of grain development. The expression level of PDI genes was compared between wheat cultivars and lines with different genotype-phenotype combinations, which means diversified sets of HMW-GS combined with diversified qualitative classification. The highest expression level of PDI was noticed at early stage of grain development, which is consistent with the function of PDI. The expression level was evaluated by the real-time PCR technique. CONCLUSION Results obtained in this work did not allow for a clear statement of decisive significance of PDI in the context of shaping the final baking value. The results of this work contribute to an ever more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing baking value, and thus to the progress of the selection of new varieties with more beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Demska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, The Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Filip
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, The Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, The Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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CDNF induces the adaptive unfolded protein response and attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1579-1589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bhattarai KR, Lee HY, Kim SH, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Ixeris dentata Extract Increases Salivary Secretion through the Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Diabetes-Induced Xerostomia Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041059. [PMID: 29614832 PMCID: PMC5979381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced dry mouth and an application of natural products from Ixeris dentata (IXD), a recently suggested regulator of amylase secretion in salivary cells. Vehicle-treated or diabetic rats were orally treated with either water or an IXD extract for 10 days to observe the effect on salivary flow. We found that the IXD extract increased aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and alpha-amylase protein expression in the submandibular gland along with salivary flow rate. Similarly, the IXD extract and its purified compound increased amylase secretion in high glucose-exposed human salivary gland cells. Furthermore, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats was inhibited by treatment with the IXD extract, suggesting that IXD extract treatment improves the ER environment by increasing the protein folding capacity. Thus, pharmacological treatment with the IXD extract is suggested to relieve DM-induced dry mouth symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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Zhang S, Song P, Li S. Application of n-dodecane as an oxygen vector to enhance the activity of fumarase in recombinant Escherichia coli: role of intracellular microenvironment. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:662-667. [PMID: 29409732 PMCID: PMC6112056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the intracellular microenvironment in the presence of an oxygen vector during expression of a fusion protein in Escherichia coli was studied. Three organic solutions at different concentration were chosen as oxygen vectors for fumarase expression. The addition of n-dodecane did not induce a significant change in the expression of fumarase, while the activity of fumarase increased significantly to 124% at 2.5% n-dodecane added after 9 h induction. The concentration of ATP increased sharply during the first 6 h of induction, to a value 7600% higher than that in the absence of an oxygen-vector. NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH ratios were positively correlated with fumarase activity. n-Dodecane can be used to increase the concentration of ATP and change the energy metabolic pathway, providing sufficient energy for fumarase folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Song
- Nanjing University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Nanjing University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Kayum MA, Park JI, Nath UK, Saha G, Biswas MK, Kim HT, Nou IS. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of PDI family gene reveals function as abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:885. [PMID: 29145809 PMCID: PMC5691835 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and PDI-like proteins contain thioredoxin domains that catalyze protein disulfide bond, inhibit aggregation of misfolded proteins, and function in isomerization during protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum and responses during abiotic stresses.Chinese cabbage is widely recognized as an economically important, nutritious vegetable, but its yield is severely hampered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Because of, it is prime need to identify those genes whose are responsible for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. PDI family genes are among of them. Results We have identified 32 PDI genes from the Br135K microarray dataset, NCBI and BRAD database, and in silico characterized their sequences. Expression profiling of those genes was performed using cDNA of plant samples imposed to abiotic stresses; cold, salt, drought and ABA (Abscisic Acid) and biotic stress; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans infection. The Chinese cabbage PDI genes were clustered in eleven groups in phylogeny. Among them, 15 PDI genes were ubiquitously expressed in various organs, while 24 PDI genes were up-regulated under salt and drought stress. By contrast, cold and ABA stress responsive gene number were ten and nine, respectively. In case of F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans infection 14 BrPDI genes were highly up-regulated. Interestingly, BrPDI1–1 gene was identified as putative candidate against abiotic (salt and drought) and biotic stresses, BrPDI5–2 gene for ABA stress, and BrPDI1–4, 6–1 and 9–2 were putative candidate genes for both cold and chilling injury stresses. Conclusions Our findings help to elucidate the involvement of PDI genes in stress responses, and they lay the foundation for functional genomics in future studies and molecular breeding of Brassica rapa crops. The stress-responsive PDI genes could be potential resources for molecular breeding of Brassica crops resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4277-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kayum
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopal Saha
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Manosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- University-Industry Cooperation Foundation, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Shinozaki R, Iwaoka M. Effects of Metal Ions, Temperature, and a Denaturant on the Oxidative Folding Pathways of Bovine α-Lactalbumin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091996. [PMID: 28926961 PMCID: PMC5618645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine α-lactalbumin (αLA) has four disulfide (SS) bonds in the native form (N). On the oxidative folding pathways of this protein, two specific SS folding intermediates, i.e., (61–77, 73–91) and des[6–120], which have two and three native SS bonds, respectively, accumulate predominantly in the presence of Ca2+. In this study, we reinvestigated the pathways using a water-soluble cyclic selenoxide reagent, trans-3,4-dihydroxyselenolane oxide (DHSox), as a strong and quantitative oxidant to oxidize the fully reduced form (R). In the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (under a metal-free condition), SS formation randomly proceeded, and N did not regenerate. On the other hand, two specific SS intermediates transiently generated in the presence of Ca2+. These intermediates could be assigned to (61–77, 73–91) and des[6–120] having two common SS bonds, i.e., Cys61-Cys77 and Cys73-Cys91, near the calcium binding pocket of the β-sheet domain. Much faster folding to N was observed in the presence of Mn2+, whereas Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ did not affect the pathways. The two key intermediates were susceptible to temperature and a denaturant. The oxidative folding pathways revealed were significantly different from those of hen egg white lysozyme, which has the same SS-bonding pattern as αLA, suggesting that the folding pathways of SS-containing proteins can alter depending on the amino acid sequence and other factors, even when the SS-bond topologies are similar to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Shinozaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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Jeong M, Jang E, Choi SS, Ji C, Lee K, Youn J. The Function of FK506-Binding Protein 13 in Protein Quality Control Protects Plasma Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:222. [PMID: 28303141 PMCID: PMC5332356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are exposed to intense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress imposed by enormous rates of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis and secretion. Therefore, protein homeostasis is crucial for the survival of PCs, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found marked overexpression of FK506-binding protein 13 (FKBP13) in long-lived PCs from autoimmune mice and investigated its function using a plasmacytoma cell line secreting IgA. FKBP13 expression was induced largely in the lumen of ER in response to treatment with an ER stressor tunicamycin or overexpression of an adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) protein X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Silencing of FKBP13 expression led to induction of molecules involved in the terminal UPR and ER stress-associated apoptosis. FKBP13 interacted with Ig, facilitated its ubiquitination, and lowered the extent of ER stress. FKBP13 overexpression caused a significant reduction in secreted IgA in plasmacytoma cells, and FKBP13 knockdown exerted an opposite effect. Rapamycin interfered with the interaction between FKBP13 and IgA and enhanced the amount of secreted IgA. Importantly, the level of FKBP13 was inversely correlated with the amount of secreted antibody in long-lived PCs from autoimmune mice. These results suggest that FKBP13 is a marker of long-lived PCs and a component of XBP1-dependent ER protein homeostasis. FKBP13 is likely to act as a molecular chaperone that delivers misfolded ER clients, including Ig, to ER-associated degradation, so reducing proteotoxic stress on the PC. Our data reveal a novel cytoprotective role for FKBP13 in long-lived PCs occurring at the expense of antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Jeong
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Suk San Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Changhoon Ji
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
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Synthesis and Experimental Validation of New PDI Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/2370359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily of redox enzymes. PDI is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes disulfide bond formation, cleavage, and rearrangement in unfolded or misfolded proteins and functions as a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum. Besides acting as a protein folding catalyst, several evidences have suggested that PDI can bind small molecules containing, for example, a phenolic structure, which includes the estrogenic one. Increasing studies indicate that PDI is involved in both physiology and pathophysiology of cells and tissues and is involved in the survival and proliferation of different cancers. Propionic acid carbamoyl methyl amides (PACMAs) showed anticancer activity in human ovarian cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, by inhibiting PDI. The inhibition of PDI’s activity may have a therapeutic role, in various diseases, including cancer. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a diversified small library of compounds with the aim of identifying a new class of PDI inhibitors. Most of synthesized compounds showed a good inhibitory potency against PDI and particularly 4-methyl substituted 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives (8–10) presented an antiproliferative activity in a wide panel of human cancer cell lines, including ovarian ones.
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Skagia A, Vezyri E, Sigala M, Kokkinou A, Karpusas M, Venieraki A, Katinakis P, Dimou M. Structural and functional analysis of cyclophilin PpiB mutants supports anin vivofunction not limited to prolyl isomerization activity. Genes Cells 2016; 22:32-44. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Skagia
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Eleni Vezyri
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Markezina Sigala
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Areti Kokkinou
- Laboratory of Physics; Department of Biotechnology; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Michael Karpusas
- Laboratory of Physics; Department of Biotechnology; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Anastasia Venieraki
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
| | - Maria Dimou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology; Faculty of Crop Science; Agricultural University of Athens; Iera Odos 75, Votanikos Athens 11855 Greece
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Interruption of magnesium supply at heading influenced proteome of peripheral layers and reduced grain dry weight of two wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. J Proteomics 2016; 143:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pfeiffer A, Stephanowitz H, Krause E, Volkwein C, Hirsch C, Jarosch E, Sommer T. A Complex of Htm1 and the Oxidoreductase Pdi1 Accelerates Degradation of Misfolded Glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12195-207. [PMID: 27053108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.703256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) efficiently discriminates polypeptides that are in the process of productive folding from conformers that are trapped in an aberrant state. Only the latter are transported into the cytoplasm and degraded in a process termed ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In the ER, an enzymatic cascade generates a specific N-glycan structure of seven mannosyl and two N-acetylglucosamine residues (Man7GlcNAc2) on misfolded glycoproteins to facilitate their disposal. We show that a complex encompassing the yeast lectin-like protein Htm1 and the oxidoreductase Pdi1 converts Man8GlcNAc2 on glycoproteins into the Man7GlcNAc2 signal. In vitro the Htm1-Pdi1 complex processes both unfolded and native proteins albeit with a preference for the former. In vivo, elevated expression of HTM1 causes glycan trimming on misfolded and folded proteins, but only degradation of the non-native species is accelerated. Thus, modification with a Man7GlcNAc2 structure does not inevitably commit a protein for ER-associated protein degradation. The function of Htm1 in ERAD relies on its association with Pdi1, which appears to regulate the access to substrates. Our data support a model in which the balanced activities of Pdi1 and Htm1 are crucial determinants for the efficient removal of misfolded secretory glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Stephanowitz
- the Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Eberhard Krause
- the Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, 13125 Berlin, Germany and
| | | | | | - Ernst Jarosch
- From the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and
| | - Thomas Sommer
- From the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Humboldt University, Faculty of Life Science, Institute of Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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Yang Q, Guo ZB. Polymorphisms in protein disulfide isomerase are associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Chinese Han population. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:607-11. [PMID: 26000911 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that targets the motor system; it is caused by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. However, the etiology of ALS remains unknown, although genetic factors may play an important role in its development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between common polymorphisms in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) in a Chinese Han population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P4HB (rs876016 and rs2070872) were genotyped in 322 patients with SALS and 265 control subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results showed that SNPs rs876016 and rs2070872 were significantly associated with ALS. The minor allele frequencies of rs876016 (C) and rs2070872 (G) were significantly higher in patients with sporadic ALS than in control subjects (P = 0.035 and 0.003, respectively). The genotype frequencies of rs876016 and rs2070872 were significantly different between SALS patients and control subjects (genotypic P < 0.001). Individuals carrying rs876016/ rs2070872 C/G genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of SALS. These results suggest that common variants in PDI might contribute to the development of SALS in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Zhi-bao Guo
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Mussino F, Ferrando S, Gallus L, Giovine M. Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of a Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:393-407. [PMID: 25912371 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) catalyzes the hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. P4H has two functional subunits, α and β. Here, we report the cDNA cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the α and β subunits of the P4H derived from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. The amino acid sequence of the α subunit is 533 residues long with an M r of 59.14 kDa, while the β subunit counts 526 residues with an M r of 58.75 kDa. Phylogenetic analyses showed that αP4H and βP4H are more related to the mammalian sequences than to known invertebrate P4Hs. Western blot analysis of sponge lysate protein cross-linking revealed a band of 240 kDa corresponding to an α2β2 tetramer structure. This result suggests that P4H from marine sponges shares the same quaternary structure with vertebrate homologous enzymes. Gene expression analyses showed that αP4H transcript is higher in the choanosome than in the ectosome, while the study of factors affecting its expression in sponge fragmorphs revealed that soluble silicates had no effect on the αP4H levels, whereas ascorbic acid strongly upregulated the αP4H mRNA. Finally, treatment with two different tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors determined a significant downregulation of αP4H gene expression in fragmorphs demonstrating, for the first time in Porifera, a positive involvement of TNF in sponge matrix biosynthesis. The molecular characterization of P4H genes involved in collagen hydroxylation, including the mechanisms that regulate their expression, is a key step for future recombinant sponge collagen production and may be pivotal to understand pathological mechanisms related to extracellular matrix deposition in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Territory Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132, Genova, Italy,
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Haritha V, Meshram HM, Rao AB. Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles: A New Tool for Synthesis of Disulphide Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2015.51004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lukesh JC, Andersen KA, Wallin KK, Raines RT. Organocatalysts of oxidative protein folding inspired by protein disulfide isomerase. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8598-602. [PMID: 25266373 PMCID: PMC4237591 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysts derived from diethylenetriamine effect the rapid isomerization of non-native protein disulfide bonds to native ones. These catalysts contain a pendant hydrophobic moiety to encourage interaction with the non-native state, and two thiol groups with low pKa values that form a disulfide bond with a high E°' value.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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44
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Lipinski B. Cancer wars: significance of protein unfolding in cancer and its inhibition with natural amphiphilic substances. Front Oncol 2014; 4:183. [PMID: 25072027 PMCID: PMC4092357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme that oxidizes thiols during protein folding, reducing molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Tumor cells may take advantage of oxidative environments at different stages of tumorigenesis, but QSOX1 may also serve additional functions in tumors. RECENT ADVANCES Several groups have reported the over-expression of QSOX1 in breast, pancreas, and prostate cancers. A consensus is building that QSOX1 over-expression is important during tumor cell invasion, facilitating tumor cell migration at the tumor-stroma interface. As such, QSOX1 may be considered a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential or even indicate that cancer is present in a host. CRITICAL ISSUES However, some controversy exists between QSOX1 as a marker of poor or favorable outcome in breast cancer. More studies are required to reveal what advantage QSOX1 provides to breast and other types of cancer. More specifically, it is critical to learn which tumor types over-express QSOX1 and use its enzymatic activity to their advantage. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As interest increases in understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis within the extracellular matrix and how tumor cells influence fibroblasts and other stromal cells, QSOX1 may be revealed as an important player in cancer detection and prognosis. Defining the mechanism(s) of QSOX1 activity in tumors and in in vivo models will provide important insights into how to target QSOX1 with anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Lake
- 1 School of Life Sciences, ASU/Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, Arizona
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46
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Abstract
Oxidative protein folding (OPF) characterized by intramolecular disulfide bond formation is the most common and likely most ancient post-translational modification. Considering the number of proteins that a cell must fold correctly and the number of possible disulfide structures available to each protein, OPF represents a daunting biochemical permutation problem which is solved by relatively few oxidase and isomerase enzymes. A proper disulfide configuration provides the structural foundation for more nuanced intramolecular folding events that, ultimately, define protein activity. As such, control of OPF is critical to normal cell function and homeostasis. Ironically, when cells are stressed, the very process of OPF can generate reactive oxygen species, contributing to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inefficient protein folding, and initiation of the unfolded protein response-a phenomenon that induces pro-inflammatory signals which can contribute to metabolic and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Contributing authors to this Forum of Antioxidants and Redox Signaling review the latest developments in our understanding of the complex and divergent processes that orchestrate OPF. New insights promise to offer improvements in both medicine and industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Borges
- 1 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona
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47
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Oupický D, Li J. Bioreducible polycations in nucleic acid delivery: past, present, and future trends. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:908-22. [PMID: 24678057 PMCID: PMC4410047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycations that are degradable by reduction of disulfide bonds are developed for applications in delivery of nucleic acids. This Feature Article surveys methods of synthesis of bioreducible polycations and discusses current understanding of the mechanism of action of bioreducible polyplexes. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the biological redox environment and toxicity, trafficking, transfection activity, and in vivo behavior of bioreducible polycations and polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oupický
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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Amit A, Chaudhary R, Yadav A, Suman SS, Narayan S, Das V, Pandey K, Singh S, Singh BK, Ali V, Das P, Bimal S. Evaluation of Leishmania donovani disulfide isomerase as a potential target of cellular immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Molecular characterization and expression profiling of the protein disulfide isomerase gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94704. [PMID: 24747843 PMCID: PMC3991636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chaperone to inhibit the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Brachypodium distachyon is a widely used model plant for temperate grass species such as wheat and barley. In this work, we report the first molecular characterization, phylogenies, and expression profiles of PDI and PDI-like (PDIL) genes in B. distachyon in different tissues under various abiotic stresses. Eleven PDI and PDIL genes in the B. distachyon genome by in silico identification were evenly distributed across all five chromosomes. The plant PDI family has three conserved motifs that are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization, but a different exon/intron structural organization showed a high degree of structural differentiation. Two pairs of genes (BdPDIL4-1 and BdPDIL4-2; BdPDIL7-1 and BdPDIL7-2) contained segmental duplications, indicating each pair originated from one progenitor. Promoter analysis showed that Brachypodium PDI family members contained important cis-acting regulatory elements involved in seed storage protein synthesis and diverse stress response. All Brachypodium PDI genes investigated were ubiquitously expressed in different organs, but differentiation in expression levels among different genes and organs was clear. BdPDIL1-1 and BdPDIL5-1 were expressed abundantly in developing grains, suggesting that they have important roles in synthesis and accumulation of seed storage proteins. Diverse treatments (drought, salt, ABA, and H2O2) induced up- and down-regulated expression of Brachypodium PDI genes in seedling leaves. Interestingly, BdPDIL1-1 displayed significantly up-regulated expression following all abiotic stress treatments, indicating that it could be involved in multiple stress responses. Our results provide new insights into the structural and functional characteristics of the plant PDI gene family.
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Mustafa G, Komatsu S. Quantitative proteomics reveals the effect of protein glycosylation in soybean root under flooding stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:627. [PMID: 25477889 PMCID: PMC4235293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flooding stress has a negative impact on soybean cultivation because it severely impairs growth and development. To understand the flooding responsive mechanism in early stage soybeans, a glycoproteomic technique was used. Two-day-old soybeans were treated with flooding for 2 days and roots were collected. Globally, the accumulation level of glycoproteins, as revealed by cross-reaction with concanavalin A decreased by 2 days of flooding stress. Glycoproteins were enriched from total protein extracts using concanavalin A lectin resin and analyzed using a gel-free proteomic technique. One-hundred eleven and 69 glycoproteins were identified without and with 2 days of flooding stress, respectively. Functional categorization of these identified glycoproteins indicated that the accumulation level of proteins related to protein degradation, cell wall, and glycolysis increased, while stress-related proteins decreased under flooding stress. Also the accumulation level of glycoproteins localized in the secretory pathway decreased under flooding stress. Out of 23 common glycoproteins between control and flooding conditions, peroxidases and glycosyl hydrolases were decreased by 2 days of flooding stress. mRNA expression levels of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and N-glycosylation related proteins were downregulated by flooding stress. These results suggest that flooding might negatively affect the process of N-glycosylation of proteins related to stress and protein degradation; however glycoproteins involved in glycolysis are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Mustafa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Setsuko Komatsu, National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan e-mail:
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