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Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Asgar J, Shou H, Pak J, Da Silva JT, Ro JY. Intraganglionic reactive oxygen species mediate inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia through TRPA1 in the rat. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1204057. [PMID: 37325677 PMCID: PMC10261988 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in nociceptive pathways in response to inflammation and injury. ROS are accumulated within the sensory ganglia following peripheral inflammation, but the functional role of intraganlionic ROS in inflammatory pain is not clearly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate whether peripheral inflammation leads to prolonged ROS accumulation within the trigeminal ganglia (TG), whether intraganglionic ROS mediate pain hypersensitivity via activation of TRPA1, and whether TRPA1 expression is upregulated in TG during inflammatory conditions by ROS. We demonstrated that peripheral inflammation causes excess ROS production within TG during the period when inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia is most prominent. Additionally, scavenging intraganglionic ROS attenuated inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia and a pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 localized within TG also mitigated inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia. Interestingly, exogenous administration of ROS into TG elicited mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain-like responses via TRPA1, and intraganglionic ROS induced TRPA1 upregulation in TG. These results collectively suggest that ROS accumulation in TG during peripheral inflammation contributes to pain and hyperalgesia in a TRPA1 dependent manner, and that ROS further exacerbate pathological pain responses by upregulating TRPA1 expression. Therefore, any conditions that exacerbate ROS accumulation within somatic sensory ganglia can aggravate pain responses and treatments reducing ganglionic ROS may help alleviate inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Y. Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Shouib R, Eitzen G. Cdc42 regulates cytokine expression and trafficking in bronchial epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1069499. [PMID: 36618374 PMCID: PMC9816864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells can respond to incoming pathogens, allergens and stimulants through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These pro-inflammatory mediators activate inflammatory signaling cascades that allow a robust immune response to be mounted. However, uncontrolled production and release of cytokines and chemokines can result in chronic inflammation and appears to be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders such as asthma and COPD. The Rho GTPase, Cdc42, is an important signaling molecule that we hypothesize can regulate cytokine production and release from epithelial cells. We treated BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells with a set of stimulants to activate inflammatory pathways and cytokine release. The production, trafficking and secretion of cytokines were assessed when Cdc42 was pharmacologically inhibited with ML141 drug or silenced with lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown. We found that Cdc42 inhibition with ML141 differentially affected gene expression of a subset of cytokines; transcription of IL-6 and IL-8 were increased while MCP-1 was decreased. However, Cdc42 inhibition or depletion disrupted IL-8 trafficking and reduced its secretion even though transcription was increased. Cytokines transiting through the Golgi were particularly affected by Cdc42 disruption. Our results define a role for Cdc42 in the regulation of cytokine production and release in airway epithelial cells. This underscores the role of Cdc42 in coupling receptor activation to downstream gene expression and also as a regulator of cytokine secretory pathways.
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Liu F, Aulin LBS, Guo T, Krekels EHJ, Moerland M, van der Graaf PH, van Hasselt JGC. Modelling inflammatory biomarker dynamics in a human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge study using delay differential equations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:5420-5427. [PMID: 35921300 PMCID: PMC9804664 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in healthy volunteers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, represent a key model to characterize the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory response. Here, we developed a mathematical modelling framework to quantitatively characterize the dynamics and inter-individual variability of multiple inflammatory biomarkers in healthy volunteer LPS challenge studies. Data from previously reported LPS challenge studies were used, which included individual-level time-course data for tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP). A one-compartment model with first-order elimination was used to capture the LPS kinetics. The relationships between LPS and inflammatory markers was characterized using indirect response (IDR) models. Delay differential equations were applied to quantify the delays in biomarker response profiles. For LPS kinetics, our estimates of clearance and volume of distribution were 35.7 L h-1 and 6.35 L, respectively. Our model adequately captured the dynamics of multiple inflammatory biomarkers. The time delay for the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were estimated to be 0.924, 1.46 and 1.48 h, respectively. A second IDR model was used to describe the induced changes of CRP in relation to IL-6, with a delayed time of 4.2 h. The quantitative models developed in this study can be used to inform design of clinical LPS challenge studies and may help to translate preclinical LPS challenge studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Linda B. S. Aulin
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tingjie Guo
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Elke H. J. Krekels
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Piet H. van der Graaf
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Certara QSP, Canterbury Innovation CentreCanterburyUK
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5
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Singh V, Singh R, Mahdi AA, Tripathi AK. The bioengineered HALOA complex induces anoikis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells by targeting the BCR-ABL/Notch/Ikaros/Redox/Inflammation axis. J Med Life 2022; 15:606-616. [PMID: 35815090 PMCID: PMC9262277 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast crisis (BC) is an outcome that arises during the treatment process of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is possibly attained by the dysregulation of the Notch and Ikaros signaling pathways, BCR-ABL translocation, redox, and inflammatory factors. This study demonstrated that biotherapeutic agents target aberrant molecular axis in CML-BC cells. The HALOA complex was synthesized by simple mixing of apo α-lactalbumin with oleic acid, which manages to inhibit BCR-ABL (b3a2 in K562 cells) translocation. It elevates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and protein carbonyl, which induces DNA fragmentation in K562 cells but not in NIH cells. The complex manages to reduce the toxicity surrounding apoptotic cells by enhancing the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total antioxidant level. The HALOA complex increases leptin to maintain normoxic conditions, ultimately preventing angiogenesis. This complex downregulates the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 and elevates the expression levels of Notch 4, Ikaros, and integrin alpha-D/CD-11d (tumor-suppressive), which conjointly prevents inflammation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CML cells. Meanwhile, the complex downregulates Notch 1 and 2 (oncogenic), consequently inducing anoikis in CML cells. Overall, the HALOA complex shows credibility by targeting the combined molecular factors responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and will also help to overcome MDR conditions in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Corresponding Author: Ranjana Singh,Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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7
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Singh V, Singh R, Kumar D, Mahdi AA, Tripathi AK. A new variant of the human α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex as an anticancer agent for chronic myeloid leukemia. J Med Life 2022; 14:620-635. [PMID: 35027964 PMCID: PMC8742887 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Although there have been advancements in treatment, there is still a need to develop a biotherapeutic agent. A new variant of the human alpha-lactalbumin-oleic acid (HALOA) complex has been synthesized, which showed similarities with SNARE. The native α-LA was treated with EDTA to remove Ca2+ ions confirmed by ICP-OES and Arsenazo III to unfold and attain apo structure. The apo LA was mixed with OA in a specific ratio, leading to HALOA complex formation. The conformational state from native to complex was elucidated by circular dichroism (far; 190–260 nm and near; 260–340 nm UV-CD), which confirmed that the complex consists of a majority of turns and β-sheet structure. SDS-PAGE result showed the masking effect of OA on apo α-LA. In the lane of the complex, there was no band detected. However, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) dye has shown maximum fluorescence intensity with the complex because of the availability of hydrophobic patches, which was further validated by NMR spectroscopy indicating the masking effect of OA on the apo α-LA. The SNARE behavior of the complex (500 nm) has been confirmed by TEM. This new structural variant complex shows anti-tumor activity on chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting the IL-8, survivin, and induces apoptosis through DNA fragmentation, but not against normal cells. Overall, the formulated complex shows that SNARE-like behavior can be used as a promising anti-tumor agent with lower toxicity and maximum bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113067. [PMID: 34831290 PMCID: PMC8623825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.
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9
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Goswami SK, Ranjan P, Dutta RK, Verma SK. Management of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105912. [PMID: 34562603 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Recently, the role of inflammation in the progression of diseases has significantly attracted considerable attention. In addition, various comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, etc. exacerbate inflammation in the cardiovascular system, which ultimately leads to heart failure. Furthermore, cytokines released from specialized immune cells are key mediators of cardiac inflammation. Here, in this review article, we focused on the role of selected immune cells and cytokines (both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) in the regulation of cardiac inflammation and ultimately in cardiovascular diseases. While IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ are associated with cardiac inflammation; IL-10, TGFβ, etc. are associated with resolution of inflammation and cardiac repair. IL-10 reduces cardiovascular inflammation and protects the cardiovascular system via interaction with SMAD2, p53, HuR, miR-375 and miR-21 pathway. In addition, we also highlighted recent advancements in the management of cardiac inflammation, including clinical trials of anti-inflammatory molecules to alleviate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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10
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Zhu Z, Song H, Xu J. CDKN2A Deletion in Melanoma Excludes T Cell Infiltration by Repressing Chemokine Expression in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641077. [PMID: 33842347 PMCID: PMC8027313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated immune response is the prerequisite for T-cell-based immunotherapy. However, the limitation of T-cell infiltration in solid tumors restricted the therapeutic effect of T-cell-based immunotherapy. The present study screened the molecular and genetic features of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort, revealing that T-cell infiltration negatively correlated with genome copy number alteration. The analysis of the TCGA-SKCM cohort indicated that the copy number of CDKN2A was significantly decreased in patients with low T-cell infiltration. The results were validated in the other two melanoma cohorts (DFCI, Science 2015, and TGEN, Genome Res 2017). Besides, the immunohistochemistry analysis of CDKN2A and CD8 expression in 5 melanoma in situ and 15 invasive melanoma patients also showed that CD8 expression was decreased in the patients with low CDKN2A expression and there was a positive correlation between CDKN2A and CD8 expression in these patients. Interestingly, the CDKN2A deletion group and the group with low expression of T-cell markers shared similar gene and pathway alteration as compared with the normal CDKN2A group and the group with high expression of T-cell markers, especially the chemokine pathway. Further mechanistic study indicated that CDKN2A enhanced T cell recruitment and chemokine expression possibly through modulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in a cell cycle–dependent manner. Finally, we also found that CDKN2A deletion negatively correlated with the expression of T-cell markers in many other cancer types. In conclusion, CDKN2A deletion could inhibit T cell infiltration by inhibiting chemokine expression in a cell cycle dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
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11
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Robinson KF, Narasipura SD, Wallace J, Ritz EM, Al-Harthi L. Negative regulation of IL-8 in human astrocytes depends on β-catenin while positive regulation is mediated by TCFs/LEF/ATF2 interaction. Cytokine 2020; 136:155252. [PMID: 32818703 PMCID: PMC7554258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cytokines/chemokines is tightly regulated at the transcription level. This is crucial in the central nervous system to maintain neuroimmune homeostasis. IL-8 a chemoattractant, which recruits neutrophils, T cells, and basophils into the brain in response to inflammation and/or injury is secreted predominantly by neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which astrocytes regulate IL-8 expression. We demonstrate that while β-catenin negatively regulated IL-8 transcription, its canonical transcriptional partners, members of the TCF/LEF transcription factors (TCF1, TCF3, TCF4 and LEF1) and Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) positively regulated IL-8 transcription. We further identified a putative TCF/LEF binding site at -175nt close to the minimal transcription region on the IL-8 promoter, mutation of which caused a significant reduction in IL-8 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated binding of TCF1, TCF4, LEF1 and ATF2 on the IL-8 promoter suggesting that TCFs/LEF partner with ATF2 to induce IL-8 transcription. These findings demonstrate a novel role for β-catenin in suppression of IL-8 expression and for TCFs/LEF/ATF2 in inducing IL-8. These findings reveal a unique mechanism by which astrocytes tightly regulate IL-8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaReisha F Robinson
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Srinivas D Narasipura
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan M Ritz
- Rush Biostatistics Core, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Al-Darraji A, Donahue RR, Tripathi H, Peng H, Levitan BM, Chelvarajan L, Haydar D, Gao E, Henson D, Gensel JC, Feola DJ, Venditto VJ, Abdel-Latif A. Liposomal delivery of azithromycin enhances its immunotherapeutic efficacy and reduces toxicity in myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16596. [PMID: 33024189 PMCID: PMC7538891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that altering the inflammatory response by alternative macrophage polarization is protective against complications related to acute myocardial infarction (MI). We have previously shown that oral azithromycin (AZM), initiated prior to MI, reduces inflammation and its negative sequelae on the myocardium. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of a liposomal AZM formulation (L-AZM) in a clinically relevant model to enhance its therapeutic potency and avoid off-target effects. L-AZM (40 or 10 mg/kg, IV) was administered immediately post-MI and compared to free AZM (F-AZM). L-AZM reduced cardiac toxicity and associated mortality by 50% in mice. We observed a significant shift favoring reparatory/anti-inflammatory macrophages with L-AZM formulation. L-AZM use resulted in a remarkable decrease in cardiac inflammatory neutrophils and the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes. Immune cell modulation was associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes. The immunomodulatory effects of L-AZM were associated with a reduction in cardiac cell death and scar size as well as enhanced angiogenesis. Overall, L-AZM use enhanced cardiac recovery and survival after MI. Importantly, L-AZM was protective from F-AZM cardiac off-target effects. We demonstrate that the liposomal formulation of AZM enhances the drug’s efficacy and safety in an animal model of acute myocardial injury. This is the first study to establish the immunomodulatory properties of liposomal AZM formulations. Our findings strongly support clinical trials using L-AZM as a novel and clinically relevant therapeutic target to improve cardiac recovery and reduce heart failure post-MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Darraji
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Renée R Donahue
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Himi Tripathi
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hsuan Peng
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bryana M Levitan
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lakshman Chelvarajan
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dalia Haydar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Henson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - David J Feola
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, University of Kentucky and the Lexington VAMC, 741 S. Limestone Street, BBSRB, Room 349, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
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13
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Thomas TP, Grisanti LA. The Dynamic Interplay Between Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:529075. [PMID: 33041853 PMCID: PMC7522448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.529075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. While there are multiple etiologies contributing to the development of heart failure, all cause result in impairments in cardiac function that is characterized by changes in cardiac remodeling and compliance. Fibrosis is associated with nearly all forms of heart failure and is an important contributor to disease pathogenesis. Inflammation also plays a critical role in the heart and there is a large degree of interconnectedness between the inflammatory and fibrotic response. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammation and fibrosis and the interplay between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby P Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Vesicles on Host Oxidative Stress Response. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050275. [PMID: 32466166 PMCID: PMC7277464 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bodies containing proteins and nucleic acids that are released by Gram-negative bacteria, including Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The functional relationship between B. burgdorferi OMVs and host neuron homeostasis is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine how B. burgdorferi OMVs impact the host cell environment. First, an in vitro model was established by co-culturing human BE2C neuroblastoma cells with B. burgdorferi B31. B. burgdorferi was able to invade BE2C cells within 24 h. Despite internalization, BE2C cell viability and levels of apoptosis remained unchanged, but resulted in dramatically increased production of MCP-1 and MCP-2 cytokines. Elevated secretion of MCP-1 has previously been associated with changes in oxidative stress. BE2C cell mitochondrial superoxides were reduced as early as 30 min after exposure to B. burgdorferi and OMVs. To rule out whether BE2C cell antioxidant response is the cause of decline in superoxides, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression was assessed. SOD2 expression was reduced upon exposure to B. burgdorferi, suggesting that B. burgdorferi might be responsible for superoxide reduction. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi modulates cell antioxidant defense and immune system reaction in response to the bacterial infection. In summary, these results show that B. burgdorferi OMVs serve to directly counter superoxide production in BE2C neurons, thereby 'priming' the host environment to support B. burgdorferi colonization.
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15
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Lu JG, Iyasu A, French B, Tillman B, French SW. Overexpression of MHCII by hepatocytes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) compared to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and normal controls. Alcohol 2020; 84:27-32. [PMID: 31494259 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that in autoimmune hepatitis CD4 positive lymphocytes form an immunologic synapse with hepatocytes, leading to gradual diminishing and elimination of the hepatocyte. We wondered whether a similar mechanism may occur in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We conducted immunofluorescence studies of expression of MHCII, the binding partner of CD4, on patient liver biopsies of AH, NASH, and normal controls. In cases of alcoholic hepatitis, there was prominent sinusoidal expression of MHC II; In NASH biopsies there was comparatively lower expression of MHC II, but still more than control tissue. Immunohistochemical stain for CD4 showed CD4 positive lymphocytes closely associated with hepatocytes in AH biopsies. Furthermore, expression levels of the multifunctional cytokine IL-1α was higher in AH compared to NASH and control biopsies. These results underlie the more severe nature of alcoholic hepatitis and underscore the autoimmune mechanisms involved in the liver damage found in alcoholic hepatitis.
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16
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Lu JG, Ji P, French SW. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-CD4 Immunologic Synapse in Alcoholic Hepatitis and Autoimmune Liver Pathology: The Role of Aberrant Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:25-32. [PMID: 31669415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)-CD4 immunologic synapse is classically described between the T-cell receptor of CD4-positive lymphocytes and MHC II on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction and others between surrounding costimulatory and checkpoint molecules promote differentiation of naïve CD4 T lymphocytes into helper T cells subtypes, including types 1, 2, and 17 helper T cells, that have more tailored immunologic responses. Although MHC II is mainly produced by professional antigen-presenting cells, it can be aberrantly produced by other cell types, including hepatocytes in various liver pathologies, such as autoimmune hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. This can lead to direct targeting of hepatocytes by CD4-positive lymphocytes, which form an immunologic synapse with the hepatocyte. The lymphocytes internalize the MHC II-CD4 complexes in a phagocytosis-like mechanism and in the process eat the hepatocyte piece by piece. We review the evidence for this mechanism and the role of these autoimmune responses in various liver diseases, including alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. The role of aberrant MHC II in malignancy, including hepatocellular carcinoma, is also reviewed. Further understanding of this mechanism can lead to better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in these liver pathologies, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie G Lu
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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17
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Basu P, Hornung RS, Averitt DL, Maier C. Euphorbia bicolor ( Euphorbiaceae) Latex Extract Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8594375. [PMID: 31612077 PMCID: PMC6757321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8594375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1), a pain generator on sensory neurons, is activated and potentiated by NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased by advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), which activate NADPH oxidase by upregulating Nox4 expression. Our previous studies reported that Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex extract induced peripheral analgesia, partly via TRPV1, in hindpaw-inflamed male and female rats. The present study reports that E. bicolor latex extract also can evoke analgesia via reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of orofacial pain. Male and female rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left vibrissal pad to induce orofacial inflammation, and mechanical allodynia was measured by the von Frey method. Twenty-four hours later, rats received one injection of E. bicolor latex extract or vehicle into the inflamed vibrissal pad. Mechanical sensitivity was reassessed at 1, 6, 24, and/or 72 hours. Trigeminal ganglia and trunk blood were collected at each time point. In the trigeminal ganglia, ROS were quantified using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye, Nox4 protein was quantified by Western blots, and cytokines/chemokines were quantified using a cytokine array. AOPPs were quantified in trunk blood using a spectrophotometric assay. E. bicolor latex extract significantly reduced orofacial mechanical allodynia in male and female rats at 24 and 72 hours, respectively. ROS, Nox4, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were significantly reduced in the trigeminal ganglia, and plasma AOPP was significantly reduced in the trunk blood of extract-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats. In vitro assays indicate that E. bicolor latex extract possessed antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals. Together our data indicate that the phytochemicals in E. bicolor latex may serve as novel therapeutics for treating oxidative stress-induced pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | | | - Dayna L. Averitt
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | - Camelia Maier
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
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18
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Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/stromal cells protect endothelial cell functions from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and monocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 30359307 PMCID: PMC6202803 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells (DBMSCs) inhibit endothelial cell activation by inflammation induced by monocytes. This property makes them a promising candidate for cell-based therapy to treat inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. This study was performed to examine the ability of DBMSCs to protect endothelial cell functions from the damaging effects resulting from exposure to oxidatively stress environment induced by H2O2 and monocytes. Methods DBMSCs were co-cultured with endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical cord veins in the presence of H2O2 and monocytes, and various functions of endothelial cell were then determined. The effect of DBMSCs on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in the presence of H2O2 was also examined. In addition, the effect of DBMSCs on HUVEC gene expression under the influence of H2O2 was also determined. Results DBMSCs reversed the effect of H2O2 on endothelial cell functions. In addition, DBMSCs reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and also reduced the stimulatory effect of monocytes on endothelial cell proliferation in the presence of H2O2. Moreover, DBMSCs modified the expression of many genes mediating important endothelial cell functions. Finally, DBMSCs increased the activities of glutathione and thioredoxin reductases in H2O2-treated endothelial cells. Conclusions We conclude that DBMSCs have potential for therapeutic application in inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis by protecting endothelial cells from oxidative stress damage. However, more studies are needed to elucidate this further.
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19
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Hadifar S, Behrouzi A, Fateh A, Khatami S, Rahimi Jamnani F, Siadat SD, Vaziri F. Comparative study of interruption of signaling pathways in lung epithelial cell by two different Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4739-4753. [PMID: 30192006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) provides a replication niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the role of AEC in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and existence of genetic diversity within this bacterium, we investigated interactions between AEC II and two different M. tuberculosis lineages. We have compared the transcriptome and cytokines/chemokines levels of A549 infected by M. tuberculosis lineage three and four using qRT-PCR and ELISA arrays, respectively. We showed different M. tuberculosis strains induced changes in different effectors that involved in TLRs and NF-κB signaling pathways. We observed different reaction of the studied lineages specifically in pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism, IL-12/IFN-γ axis, and autophagy. Similar behavior was detected in regarding to apoptosis, necroptosis, anti-inflammatory responses, and canonical inflammasome. Our findings contribute to elucidate more details in pathogenesis, immune evasion strategies, novel target and druggable pathway for therapeutic intervention, and host directed therapy in tuberculosis infection. Also, different M. tuberculosis lineages-dependent host-pathogen interactions suggested using only one strain for this kind of research will be controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Hadifar
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Murata M, Noda K, Kawasaki A, Yoshida S, Dong Y, Saito M, Dong Z, Ando R, Mori S, Saito W, Kanda A, Ishida S. Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Mediates Spermine Oxidation as Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase: Possible Role in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1674-1683. [PMID: 28937866 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1359847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: To explore the possible role of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) via its enzymatic function as a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of soluble VAP-1/SSAO and the unsaturated aldehyde acrolein (ACR)-conjugated protein, Nε-(3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropiperidino) lysine adduct (FDP-Lys), were measured in vitreous fluid samples of PDR and non-diabetic patients using ELISA. Recombinant human VAP-1/SSAO (rhVAP-1/SSAO) was incubated with spermine, with or without semicarbazide or RTU-1096 (a specific inhibitor for VAP-1/SSAO). Immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess the localization of VAP-1/SSAO and FDP-Lys in fibrovascular tissues from patients with PDR. The impact of ACR on cultured retinal capillary endothelial cells was assessed using a cell viability assay and total glutathione (GSH) measurements. RESULTS The levels of sVAP-1/SSAO and FDP-Lys were elevated in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR. Incubation of rhVAP-1 with spermine resulted in the generation of hydrogen peroxide and FDP-Lys and the production was inhibited by semicarbazide and RTU-1096. In fibrovascular tissues, FDP-Lys and VAP-1/SSAO were present in endothelial cells. ACR stimulation reduced GSH levels in the cultured endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and caused cellular toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the pathological role of sVAP-1/SSAO to generate hydrogen peroxide and toxic aldehyde ACR, both of which are associated with oxidative stress, as a consequence of spermine oxidation in eyes with PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Murata
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,b Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,b Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | - Shiho Yoshida
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,b Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoko Dong
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Michiyuki Saito
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Zhenyu Dong
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shohei Mori
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,b Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,b Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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21
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Andreeva ER, Udartseva OO, Zhidkova OV, Buravkov SV, Ezdakova MI, Buravkova LB. IFN‐gamma priming of adipose‐derived stromal cells at “physiological” hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1535-1547. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Andreeva
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Olga O. Udartseva
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Olga V. Zhidkova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | | | - Maria I. Ezdakova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Ludmila B. Buravkova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
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22
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Abumaree MH, Hakami M, Abomaray FM, Alshabibi MA, Kalionis B, Al Jumah MA, AlAskar AS. Human chorionic villous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells modify the effects of oxidative stress on endothelial cell functions. Placenta 2017; 59:74-86. [PMID: 28502524 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from chorionic villi of human term placentae (pMSCs) produce a unique combination of molecules, which modulate important cellular functions of their target cells while concurrently suppressing their immune responses. These properties make MSCs advantageous candidates for cell-based therapy. Our first aim was to examine the effect of high levels of oxidative stress on pMSC functions. pMSCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their ability to proliferate and adhere to an endothelial cell monolayer was determined. Oxidatively stressed pMSCs maintained their proliferation and adhesion potentials. The second aim was to measure the ability of pMSCs to prevent oxidative stress-related damage to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were exposed to H2O2, then co-cultured with pMSCs, and the effect on endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and migration was determined. pMSCs were able to reverse the damaging effects of oxidative stress on the proliferation and migration but not on the adhesion of endothelial cells. These data indicate that pMSCs are not only inherently resistant to oxidative stress, but also protect endothelial cell functions from oxidative stress-associated damage. Therefore, pMSCs could be used as a therapeutic tool in inflammatory diseases by reducing the effects of oxidative stress on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia; College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Mail Code 3124, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Hakami
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Abomaray
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Alshabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - M A Al Jumah
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S AlAskar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
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23
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The role of chemokines in hypertension and consequent target organ damage. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:404-411. [PMID: 28279813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells infiltrate the kidney, vasculature, and central nervous system during hypertension, consequently amplifying tissue damage and/or blood pressure elevation. Mononuclear cell motility depends partly on chemokines, which are small cytokines that guide cells through an increasing concentration gradient via ligation of their receptors. Tissue expression of several chemokines is elevated in clinical and experimental hypertension. Likewise, immune cells have enhanced chemokine receptor expression during hypertension, driving immune cell infiltration and inappropriate inflammation in cardiovascular control centers. T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages are pivotal mediators of hypertensive inflammation, and these cells migrate in response to several chemokines. As powerful drivers of diapedesis, the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 have long been implicated in hypertension, but experimental data highlight divergent, context-specific effects of these chemokines on blood pressure and tissue injury. Several other chemokines, particularly those of the CXC family, contribute to blood pressure elevation and target organ damage. Given the significant interplay and chemotactic redundancy among chemokines during disease, future work must not only describe the actions of individual chemokines in hypertension, but also characterize how manipulating a single chemokine modulates the expression and/or function of other chemokines and their cognate receptors. This information will facilitate the design of precise chemotactic immunotherapies to limit cardiovascular and renal morbidity in hypertensive patients.
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24
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Dexrazoxane Shows No Protective Effect in the Acute Phase of Reperfusion during Myocardial Infarction in Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168541. [PMID: 28002439 PMCID: PMC5176296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium and iron overload participate in the mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury during myocardial infarction (MI). Calcium overload induces cardiomyocyte death by hypercontraction, while iron catalyses generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We therefore hypothesized that dexrazoxane, an intracellular metal chelator, would attenuate I/R injury. MI was induced in pigs by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hours reperfusion. Thirty minutes before reperfusion either 5 mg/ml dexrazoxane (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) was infused intravenously. Myocardial necrosis as percentage of the area at ischemic risk was found to be similar in both groups (77.2 ± 18% for dexrazoxane and 76.4 ± 14% for saline group) as determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of the ischemic myocardium. Also, serum levels of troponin-I were similar in both groups. A conductance catheter was used to measure left ventricular pressure and volume at all times. Markers for tissue damage due to ROS (HNE), endothelial cell activation (CD31) and inflammation (IgG, C3b/c, C5b9, MCP-1) were assessed on tissue and/or in serum. No significant differences were observed between the groups for the parameters analyzed. To conclude, in this clinically relevant model of early reperfusion after acute myocardial ischemia, dexrazoxane lacked attenuating effects on I/R injury as shown by the measured parameters.
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25
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Li C, Zhang WJ, Frei B. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced adhesion molecule expression and oxidant production in human aortic endothelial cells by p38-mediated Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme induction. Redox Biol 2016; 9:104-113. [PMID: 27454768 PMCID: PMC4961307 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke, is an inflammatory disease of arteries in a hyperlipidemic milieu. Endothelial expression of cellular adhesion molecules, such as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The dietary flavonoid, quercetin, has been reported to inhibit expression of cellular adhesion molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that quercetin dose-dependently (5–20 µM) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Incubation of HAEC with quercetin also significantly reduced LPS-induced oxidant production, but did not inhibit activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Furthermore, quercetin induced activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent mRNA and protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. The induction of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes was partly inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) inhibitor, SB203580. Our results suggest that quercetin suppresses LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression by inducing Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme expression, which is partially mediated by p38; and the inhibitory effect of quercetin on adhesion molecule expression is not due to inhibition of NF-κB activation, but instead due to antioxidant-independent effects of HO-1. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression. Quercetin activates p38 MAP kinase and Nrf2, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 rather than NF-κB may account for quercetin’s anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Xu J, Xu Y, Li Y, Jadhav K, You M, Yin L, Zhang Y. Carboxylesterase 1 Is Regulated by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α and Protects Against Alcohol- and MCD diet-induced Liver Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24277. [PMID: 27075303 PMCID: PMC4831009 DOI: 10.1038/srep24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a major organ that controls hepatic and systemic homeostasis. Dysregulation of liver metabolism may cause liver injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) regulates hepatic triglyceride metabolism and protects against liver steatosis. In the present study, we investigated whether CES1 played a role in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced liver injury. Both hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and CES1 were markedly reduced in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcohol repressed both HNF4α and CES1 expression in primary hepatocytes. HNF4α regulated CES1 expression by directly binding to the proximal promoter of CES1. Global inactivation of CES1 aggravated alcohol- or MCD diet-induced liver inflammation and liver injury, likely as a result of increased production of acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Knockdown of hepatic CES1 exacerbated ethanol-induced steatohepatitis. These data indicate that CES1 plays a crucial role in protection against alcohol- or MCD diet-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Kumar A, Shalmanova L, Hammad A, Christmas SE. Induction of IL-8(CXCL8) and MCP-1(CCL2) with oxidative stress and its inhibition with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in cell culture model using HK-2 cell. Transpl Immunol 2016; 35:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Scordo JM, Knoell DL, Torrelles JB. Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Active Players or Innocent Bystanders? J Innate Immun 2015; 8:3-14. [PMID: 26384325 DOI: 10.1159/000439275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that kills one person every 18 s. TB remains a global threat due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains and the lack of an efficient vaccine. The ability of M.tb to persist in latency, evade recognition following seroconversion, and establish resistance in vulnerable populations warrants closer examination. Past and current research has primarily focused on examination of the role of alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells during M.tb infection, which are critical in the establishment of the host response during infection. However, emerging evidence indicates that the alveolar epithelium is a harbor for M.tb and critical during progression to active disease. Here we evaluate the relatively unexplored role of the alveolar epithelium as a reservoir and also its capacity to secrete soluble mediators upon M.tb exposure, which influence the extent of infection. We further discuss how the M.tb-alveolar epithelium interaction instigates cell-to-cell crosstalk that regulates the immune balance between a proinflammatory and an immunoregulatory state, thereby prohibiting or allowing the establishment of infection. We propose that consideration of alveolar epithelia provides a more comprehensive understanding of the lung environment in vivo in the context of host defense against M.tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Scordo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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29
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Yang D, Liu X, Liu M, Chi H, Liu J, Han H. Protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against H 2O 2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1253-1260. [PMID: 26622474 PMCID: PMC4578013 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the association between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, the blockage of the inflammatory process that occurs on the endothelial cells may be a useful way of preventing atherosclerosis. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against H2O2-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. HUVECs were pretreated with quercetin or taraxasterol at concentrations ranging between 0 and 210 µM for 12 h, prior to being administered different concentrations of H2O2 for 4 h. Cell viability and levels of apoptosis were assessed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, respectively, to determine the injury to the HUVECs. The viability loss in the H2O2-induced HUVECs was markedly restored in a concentration-dependent manner by pretreatment with quercetin or taraxasterol. This effect was accompanied by significantly decreased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and cluster of differentiation (CD)80 for taraxasterol and that of CD80 for quercetin. In conclusion, the present study showed the protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol against cell injury and inflammation in HUVECs and indicated that the effects were mediated via the downregulation of VCAM-1 and CD80 expression. This study has therefore served as a preliminary investigation on the anti-atherosclerotic and cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin and taraxasterol as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jirong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, North China Electric Power University Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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30
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Chung MK, Asgar J, Lee J, Shim MS, Dumler C, Ro JY. The role of TRPM2 in hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in rat trigeminal ganglia. Neuroscience 2015; 297:160-9. [PMID: 25849615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglia (TG) contain neuronal cell bodies surrounded by satellite glial cells. Although peripheral injury is well known to induce changes in gene expression within sensory ganglia, detailed mechanisms whereby peripheral injury leads to gene expression within sensory ganglia are not completely understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important modulator of hyperalgesia, but the role of ROS generated within sensory ganglia is unclear. Since ROS are known to affect transcription processes, ROS generated within sensory ganglia could directly influence gene expression and induce cellular changes at the soma level. In this study, we hypothesized that peripheral inflammation leads to cytokine and chemokine production and ROS generation within TG and that transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2), a well known oxidative sensor, contributes to ROS-induced gene regulation within TG. The masseter injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) resulted in a significantly elevated level of ROS within TG of the inflamed side with a concurrent increase in cytokine expression in TG. Treatment of TG cultures with H2O2 significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of cytokine/chemokine such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2). TRPM2 was expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal cells in TG, and pretreatment of TG cultures with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an inhibitor of TRPM2, or siRNA against TRPM2 attenuated H2O2-induced up-regulation of IL-6 and CXCL2. These results suggested that activation of TRPM2 could play an important role in the modulation of cytokine/chemokine expression within TG under oxidative stress and that such changes may contribute to amplification of nociceptive signals leading to pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Chung
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Asgar
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Lee
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - M S Shim
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - C Dumler
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Y Ro
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States.
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31
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Song MK, Choi HS, Lee HS, Ryu JC. Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Saturated Aliphatic Aldehydes Reveals Carbon Number-Specific Molecules Involved in Pulmonary Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1362-70. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500171r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Han-Seam Choi
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Lee
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
| | - Jae-Chun Ryu
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-Ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
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32
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Pretsch A, Nagl M, Schwendinger K, Kreiseder B, Wiederstein M, Pretsch D, Genov M, Hollaus R, Zinssmeister D, Debbab A, Hundsberger H, Eger A, Proksch P, Wiesner C. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of endophytic fungi Talaromyces wortmannii extracts against acne-inducing bacteria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97929. [PMID: 24887557 PMCID: PMC4041568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease, causing significant psychosocial problems such as anxiety and depression similar to a chronic illness for those afflicted. Currently, obtainable agents for acne treatment have limited use. Thus, development of novel agents to treat this disease is a high medical need. The anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne vulgaris by activating pro-inflammatory mediators such as the interleukin-8 (IL-8) via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Talaromyces wortmannii is an endophytic fungus, which is known to produce high bioactive natural compounds. We hypothesize that compound C but also the crude extract from T. wortmannii may possess both antibacterial activity especially against P. acnes and also anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and P. acnes-induced IL-8 release. Treatment of keratinocytes (HaCaT) with P. acnes significantly increased NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation, as well as IL-8 release. Compound C inhibited P. acnes-mediated activation of NF-κB and AP-1 by inhibiting IκB degradation and the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK MAP kinases, and IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, compound C has effective antimicrobial activity against P. acnes and anti-inflammatory activity, and we suggest that this substance or the crude extract are alternative treatments for antibiotic/anti-inflammatory therapy for acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdesamad Debbab
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Andreas Eger
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Tsaryk R, Peters K, Barth S, Unger RE, Scharnweber D, Kirkpatrick CJ. The role of oxidative stress in pro-inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells on Ti6Al4V alloy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8075-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Lee HY, Hyung S, Lee NY, Yong TS, Han SH, Park SJ. Excretory-secretory products of Giardia lamblia induce interleukin-8 production in human colonic cells via activation of p38, ERK1/2, NF-κB and AP-1. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:183-98. [PMID: 22224945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia, a pathogen causing diarrhoeal outbreaks, is interesting how it triggers immune response in the human epithelial cells. This study defined the crucial roles of signalling components involved in G. lamblia-induced cytokine production in human epithelial cells. Incubation of the gastrointestinal cell line HT-29 with G. lamblia GS trophozoites triggered production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. IL-8 production was not significantly decreased by physically separating the HT-29 cells and G. lamblia GS trophozoites. Indeed, treatment of HT-29 with G. lamblia excretory-secretory products (ESP) induced IL-8 production. Electrophoretic mobility gel shift and transfection assays using mutagenized IL-8 promoter reporter plasmids indicated that IL-8 production by G. lamblia ESP occurs through activation of two transcriptional factors, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) in HT-29 cells. In addition, activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 and ERK1/2, was also detected in the HT-29 cells stimulated with G. lamblia ESP. Selective inhibition of these MAPKs resulted in decreased production of ESP-induced IL-8. These results indicate that activation of p38, ERK1/2 MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 comprises the signalling pathway responsible for IL-8 production by G. lamblia ESP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Frank Burr Mallory's landmark observation in 1911 on the histopathology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was the first identification of a link between inflammation and ALD. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding the origins and roles of various inflammatory components in ALD. Metabolism of ethanol generates a number of metabolites, including acetate, reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde, and epigenetic changes, that can induce inflammatory responses. Alcohol and its metabolites can also initiate and aggravate inflammatory conditions by promoting gut leakiness of microbial products, by sensitizing immune cells to stimulation, and by activating innate immune pathways, such as complement. Chronic alcohol consumption also sensitizes nonimmune cells, e.g., hepatocytes, to inflammatory signals and impairs their ability to respond to protective signals. Based on these advances, a number of inflammatory targets have been identified with potential for therapeutic intervention in ALD, presenting new opportunities and challenges for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Joe Wang
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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36
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Qazi BS, Tang K, Qazi A. Recent advances in underlying pathologies provide insight into interleukin-8 expression-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis. Int J Inflam 2011; 2011:908468. [PMID: 22235381 PMCID: PMC3253461 DOI: 10.4061/2011/908468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 has long been recognized to have anti-inflammatory activity, which has been established in various models of infection, inflammation, and cancer. Several cell types express the receptor for the cytokine IL-8 and upon its recognition produce molecules that are active both locally and systemically. Many different types of cells, in particular monocytes, neutrophils, epithelial, fibroblast, endothelial, mesothelial, and tumor cells, secrete IL-8. Increased expression of IL-8 and/or its receptors has been characterized in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis, ARDS, COPD, and RA as well as many cancers, and its upregulation often correlates with disease activity. IL-8 constitutes the CXC class of chemokines, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils and other immune cells. It is a proangiogenic cytokine that is overexpressed in many human cancers. Therefore, inhibiting the effects of IL-8 signaling may be a significant therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit Saleem Qazi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Spine Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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ROS-induced ZNF580 expression: a key role for H2O2/NF-κB signaling pathway in vascular endothelial inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:183-91. [PMID: 21830064 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ZNF580, a newly found C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, was first described by Zhang (GenBank ID: AF184939). Emerging evidence has suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in redox-sensitive signal transduction, and the vascular endothelium plays a critical role in the vascular inflammatory response. In this communication, we present evidence for the potential role of ZNF580 in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-regulated inflammation-related signaling pathways. In a human endothelial cell hybridoma line (EA.hy926), ZNF580 levels were markedly upregulated with H2O2 stimulation in different concentrations (0-400 μM) and at different time-points (0-6 h). H2O2 promoted the rapid translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus according to immunocytochemistry staining. In subsequent research, inhibition of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, a selective chemical inhibitor of NF-κB) was shown to block the upregulated expression of ZNF580 that was induced by H2O2. Furthermore, transient transfection of ZNF580 resulted in an increase of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) 3.01±0.05 folds according to real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assays, which also showed significantly enhanced motility of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). These results suggest that H2O2 upregulates the expression of ZNF580 via the NF-κB signaling pathway, and overexpression of ZNF580 plays a critical role in augmenting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8.
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38
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Chen T, Guo ZP, Jiao XY, Jia RZ, Zhang YH, Li JY, Huang XL, Liu HJ. Peoniflorin suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α induced chemokine production in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells by blocking nuclear factor-κB and ERK pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 303:351-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Ivison SM, Wang C, Himmel ME, Sheridan J, Delano J, Mayer ML, Yao Y, Kifayet A, Steiner TS. Oxidative stress enhances IL-8 and inhibits CCL20 production from intestinal epithelial cells in response to bacterial flagellin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G733-41. [PMID: 20595617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00089.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells act as innate immune sentinels, as the first cells that encounter diarrheal pathogens. They use pattern recognition molecules such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to identify molecular signals found on microbes but not host cells or food components. TLRs cannot generally distinguish the molecular signals on pathogenic bacteria from those found in commensals, yet under healthy conditions epithelial immune responses are kept in check. We hypothesized that, in the setting of tissue damage or stress, intestinal epithelial cells would upregulate their responses to TLR ligands to reflect the greater need for immediate protection against pathogens. We treated Caco-2 cells with the TLR5 agonist flagellin in the presence or absence of H(2)O(2) and measured chemokine production and intracellular signaling pathways. H(2)O(2) increased flagellin-induced IL-8 (CXCL8) production in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with synergistic phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and with prolonged I-kappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation. The H(2)O(2)-mediated potentiation of IL-8 production required the activity of p38, tyrosine kinases, phospholipase Cgamma, and intracellular calcium, but not protein kinase C or protein kinase D. H(2)O(2) prolonged and augmented NF-kappaB activation by flagellin. In contrast to IL-8, CCL20 (MIP3alpha) production by flagellin was reduced by H(2)O(2), and this effect was not calcium dependent. Oxidative stress biases intestinal epithelial responses to flagellin, leading to increased production of IL-8 and decreased production of CCL20. This suggests that epithelial cells are capable of sensing the extracellular environment and adjusting their antimicrobial responses accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M Ivison
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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40
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Ksiazek K, Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Catar R, Dworacki G, Winckiewicz M, Frydrychowicz M, Dragun D, Staniszewski R, Jörres A, Witowski J. Oxidative stress-dependent increase in ICAM-1 expression promotes adhesion of colorectal and pancreatic cancers to the senescent peritoneal mesothelium. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:293-303. [PMID: 19904754 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in adhesion of colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells (of the SW480 and PSN-1 line, respectively) to the peritoneal mesothelium. It has been demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression increases with senescence in some cell types, however, the significance of this phenomenon in the context of malignant dissemination remains elusive. In this report we show that the adherence of SW480 and PSN-1 cells to senescent human omentum-derived mesothelial cells (HOMCs) in vitro is greater than to early-passage cells and that the effect is mediated by ICAM-1. Senescent HOMCs display increased expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and cell surface protein. The development of this phenotype is related to increased oxidative stress in senescent cells. The augmented ICAM-1 expression in HOMCs can be reduced by culturing cells with antioxidants; in contrast, exposure of HOMCs to an oxidant, t-BHP, leads to cellular senescence and increased ICAM-1 expression. The effect is partly mediated by activation of p38 MAPK and AP-1 signaling pathways. Finally, culture of HOMCs in the presence of a strong antioxidant, PBN, significantly reduces the senescence-associated increase in SW480 and PSN-1 cancer cell binding. These results indicate that increased oxidative stress and increased expression of ICAM-1 in senescent HOMCs may facilitate peritoneal adhesion of selected colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ksiazek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract
One of the most important therapeutic targets of current cardiology practice is to determine optimal strategies for the minimization of myocardial necrosis and optimization of cardiac repair following an acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial necrosis after acute myocardial infarction induces complement activation and free radical generation, triggering a cytokine cascade initiated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release. When reperfusion of the infarcted area is initiated, intense inflammation follows. Chemokines, cytokines and the complement system play an important role in recruiting neutrophils in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Cytokines promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in transmigration of inflammatory cells into the site of injury. The recruited neutrophils have potent cytotoxic effects through the release of proteolytic enzymes, and they interact with adhesion molecules on cardiomyocytes. In spite of the potential injury, reperfusion enhances cardiac repair; this may be related to the inflammatory response. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is upregulated in reperfused myocardium and can induce monocyte recruitment in the infarcted area. Monocyte subsets play a role in phagocytosis of dead cardiomyocytes and in granulation tissue formation. In addition, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a crucial role in cardiac repair by suppressing inflammation. Resolution of inflammatory infiltration, containment of inflammation and the reparative response affecting the infarcted area are essential for optimal infarct healing. Here, we review the current literature on the inflammatory response and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Young Nah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
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Wagner AH, Kautz O, Fricke K, Zerr-Fouineau M, Demicheva E, Güldenzoph B, Bermejo JL, Korff T, Hecker M. Upregulation of glutathione peroxidase offsets stretch-induced proatherogenic gene expression in human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1894-901. [PMID: 19729606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.194738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Localization of atherosclerotic plaques typically correlates with areas of biomechanical strain where shear stress is decreased while stretch, thought to promote atherogenesis through enhanced oxidative stress, is increased. METHODS AND RESULTS In human cultured endothelial cells, nitric oxide synthase expression was exclusively shear stress-dependent whereas expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), but not that of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase or Mn(2+)-superoxide dismutase, was upregulated solely in response to cyclic stretch. GPx-1 expression was also enhanced in isolated mouse arteries perfused at high pressure. Combined pharmacological and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide blockade revealed that activation of p38 MAP kinase followed by nuclear translocation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein plays a pivotal role in stretch-induced GPx-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide knockdown of GPx-1 reinforced both their capacity to generate hydrogen peroxide and the transient stretch-induced expression of CD40, monocyte chemoatractant protein-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Consequently, THP-1 monocyte adhesion to the GPx-1-depleted cells was augmented. CONCLUSIONS Stretch-induced proatherosclerotic gene expression in human endothelial cells seems to be hydrogen peroxide-mediated. The concomitant rise in GPx-1 expression, but not that of other antioxidant enzymes, may comprise an adaptive mechanism through which the cells maintain their antiatherosclerotic properties in spite of a decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Oliveira-Marques V, Marinho HS, Cyrne L, Antunes F. Role of hydrogen peroxide in NF-kappaB activation: from inducer to modulator. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2223-43. [PMID: 19496701 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in the regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, a key regulator of the inflammatory process and adaptive immunity. However, no consensus exists regarding the regulatory role played by H2O2. We discuss how the experimental methodologies used to expose cells to H2O2 produce inconsistent results that are difficult to compare, and how the steady-state titration with H2O2 emerges as an adequate tool to overcome these problems. The redox targets of H2O2 in the NF-kappaB pathway--from the membrane to the post-translational modifications in both NF-kappaB and histones in the nucleus--are described. We also review how H2O2 acts as a specific regulator at the level of the single gene, and briefly discuss the implications of this regulation for human health in the context of kappaB polymorphisms. In conclusion, after near 30 years of research, H2O2 emerges not as an inducer of NF-kappaB, but as an agent able to modulate the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by other agents. This modulation is generic at the level of the whole pathway but specific at the level of the single gene. Therefore, H2O2 is a fine-tuning regulator of NF-kappaB-dependent processes, as exemplified by its dual regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Bioquímica dos Oxidantes e Antioxidantes, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ugur M, Yildirim K, Kiziltunc A, Erdal A, Karatay S, Senel K. Correlation between soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 level and extracellular superoxide dismutase activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a possible association with disease activity. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 33:239-43. [PMID: 15370719 DOI: 10.1080/03009740310004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and the activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also considered whether there was a correlation between sICAM-1 and EC-SOD and disease activity. METHODS Levels of sICAM-1 were measured in serum from 42 patients with active RA and 30 control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). EC-SOD activity was determined in sera isolated from patients with active RA and from controls. RESULTS The serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with RA than in control subjects (p<0.001). In contrast, the activity of EC-SOD was significantly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between the levels of sICAM-1 and EC-SOD activity (r=-0.39, p<0.01). There was a statistically positive correlation between sICAM-1 levels with Ritchie articular index (RAI) score and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.32, p<0.05; r=0.44, p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the increased levels of sICAM-1 present in active RA patients might be due to the decreased activity of EC-SOD, and increased levels of sICAM-1 may also reflect disease status or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ugur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Barker T, Leonard SW, Trawick RH, Martins TB, Kjeldsberg CR, Hill HR, Traber MG. Modulation of inflammation by vitamin E and C supplementation prior to anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:599-606. [PMID: 19111610 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy commonly follows anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and surgery. Proinflammatory cytokines can induce and exacerbate oxidative stress, potentiating muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of prior antioxidant (AO) supplementation on circulating cytokines following ACL surgery. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in men undergoing ACL surgery, who were randomly assigned to either: (1) AO (200 IU of vitamin E (50% d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and 50% d-alpha-tocopherol) and 500 mg ascorbic acid), or (2) matching placebos (PL). Subjects took supplements twice daily for 2 weeks prior to and up to 12 weeks after surgery. Each subject provided five blood samples: (1) baseline (Bsl, prior to supplementation and approximately 2 weeks prior to surgery), (2) presurgery (Pre), (3) 90 min, (4) 72 h, and (5) 7 days postsurgery. Following surgery, inflammation and muscle damage increased in both groups, as assessed by increased circulating IL-6, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase. During AO supplementation, plasma alpha-T and AA increased while gamma-T concentrations decreased significantly (P< 0.05). At 90 min the AO group displayed a significant decrease in AA, an inverse correlation between AA and (interleukin) IL-8 (r(2)= 0.50, P< 0.05), and a significantly lower IL-10 response than that of the PL group. IL-10 was significantly elevated at 90 min and 72 h in the PL group. In summary, our findings show that circulating inflammatory cytokines increase and AO supplementation attenuated the increase in IL-10 in patients post-ACL surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Barker
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA
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Lee YS, Bak EJ, Kim M, Park W, Seo JT, Yoo YJ. Induction of IL-8 in periodontal ligament cells by H2O2. J Microbiol 2008; 46:579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Shen A, Yang J, Gu Y, Zhou D, Sun L, Qin Y, Chen J, Wang P, Xiao F, Zhang L, Cheng C. Lipopolysaccharide-evoked activation of p38 and JNK leads to an increase in ICAM-1 expression in Schwann cells of sciatic nerves. FEBS J 2008; 275:4343-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of cardiac injury and results in acute loss of a large number of myocardial cells. Because the heart has negligible regenerative capacity, cardiomyocyte death triggers a reparative response that ultimately results in formation of a scar and is associated with dilative remodeling of the ventricle. Cardiac injury activates innate immune mechanisms initiating an inflammatory reaction. Toll-like receptor-mediated pathways, the complement cascade and reactive oxygen generation induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and upregulate chemokine and cytokine synthesis in the infarcted heart. Chemokines stimulate the chemotactic recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes into the infarct, while cytokines promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in transmigration of inflammatory cells into the site of injury. Monocyte subsets play distinct roles in phagocytosis of dead cardiomyocytes and in granulation tissue formation through the release of growth factors. Clearance of dead cells and matrix debris may be essential for resolution of inflammation and transition into the reparative phase. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a crucial role in cardiac repair by suppressing inflammation while promoting myofibroblast phenotypic modulation and extracellular matrix deposition. Myofibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis result in formation of highly vascularized granulation tissue. As the healing infarct matures, fibroblasts become apoptotic and a collagen-based matrix is formed, while many infarct neovessels acquire a muscular coat and uncoated vessels regress. Timely resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate and spatial containment of the inflammatory and reparative response into the infarcted area are essential for optimal infarct healing. Targeting inflammatory pathways following infarction may reduce cardiomyocyte injury and attenuate adverse remodeling. In addition, understanding the role of the immune system in cardiac repair is necessary in order to design optimal strategies for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza BCM620, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Rifai Y, Elder ASF, Carati CJ, Hussey DJ, Li X, Woods CM, Schloithe AC, Thomas AC, Mathison RD, Davison JS, Toouli J, Saccone GTP. The tripeptide analog feG ameliorates severity of acute pancreatitis in a caerulein mouse model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G1094-9. [PMID: 18308855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00534.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality; however, there is no specific treatment for this disease. A novel salivary tripeptide analog, feG, reduces inflammation in several different animal models of inflammation. The aims of this study were to determine whether feG reduced the severity of AP and modifies the expression of pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA during AP in a mouse model. AP was induced in mice by hourly (x12) intraperitoneal injections of caerulein. A single dose of feG (100 microg/kg) was coadministered with caerulein either at time 0 h (prophylactic) or 3 h after AP induction (therapeutic). Plasma amylase and pancreatic MPO activities and pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR) were measured. Pancreatic sections were histologically assessed for abnormal acinar cells and interstitial space. AP induction produced a sevenfold increase in plasma amylase, a tenfold increase in pancreatic MPO activity, and a threefold increase in interstitial space, and 90% of the acinar cells were abnormal. Prophylactic treatment with feG reduced the AP-induced plasma amylase activity by 45%, pancreatic MPO by 80%, the proportion of abnormal acinar cells by 30%, and interstitial space by 40%. Therapeutic treatment with feG significantly reduced the AP-induced abnormal acinar cells by 10% and the interstitial space by 20%. Pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression was upregulated in AP and was reduced by 50% with prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with feG. We conclude that feG ameliorates experimental AP acting at least in part by modulating ICAM-1 expression in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusnita Rifai
- Dept. of Surgery, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Peters K, Unger RE, Gatti AM, Sabbioni E, Tsaryk R, Kirkpatrick CJ. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit paradoxical effects on oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response in endothelial cells in vitro. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 20:685-95. [PMID: 18179741 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter is associated with different human diseases affecting organs such as the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Very small particles (nanoparticles) have been shown to be rapidly internalized into the body. Since the sites of internalization and the location of the detected particles are often far apart, a distribution via the blood stream must have occurred. Thus, endothelial cells, which line the inner surface of blood vessels, must have had direct contact with the particles. In this study we tested the effects of metallic nanoparticles (Co and Ni) on oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response in human endothelial cells in vitro. Exposure to both nanoparticle types led to a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. However, the effects on oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response differed dramatically. Due to the nanoparticle-induced effects, a comparison between metallic nanoparticle- and metal ion-treatment with the corresponding ions was made. Again, divergent effects of nanoparticles compared with the ions were observed, thus indicating differences in the signaling pathways induced by these compounds. These paradoxical responses to different metallic nanoparticles and ions demonstrate the complexity of nanoparticle-induced effects and suggest the need to design new strategies for nanoparticle toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Peters
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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