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Meade R, Chao Y, Harroun N, Li C, Hafezi S, Hsu FF, Semenkovich CF, Zayed MA. Ceramides in peripheral arterial plaque lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100181. [PMID: 38077163 PMCID: PMC10704331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral arterial atheroprogression is increasingly prevalent, and is a risk factor for major limb amputations in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive lipids are significantly altered in arterial tissue of individuals with diabetes and advanced peripheral arterial disease. Methods Here we evaluated whether sphingolipid ceramide 18:1/16:0 (C16) is a cellular regulator in endothelial cells and peripheral tibial arterial tissue in individuals with diabetes. Results We observed that C16 is the single most elevated ceramide in peripheral arterial tissue from below the knee in individuals with diabetes (11% increase, P < .05). C16 content in tibial arterial tissue positively correlates with sphingomyelin (SPM) content in patients with and without diabetes (r2 = 0.5, P < .005; r2 = 0.17, P < .05; respectively). Tibial arteries of individuals with diabetes demonstrated no difference in CERS6 expression (encoding ceramide synthase 6; the predominate ceramide synthesis enzyme), but higher SMPD expression (encoding sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase that catalyzes ceramide synthesis from sphingomyelins; P < .05). SMPD4, but not SMPD2, was particularly elevated in maximally diseased (Max) tibial arterial segments (P < .05). In vitro, exogenous C16 caused endothelial cells (HUVECs) to have decreased proliferation (P < .03), increased apoptosis (P < .003), and decreased autophagy (P < .008). Selective knockdown of SMPD2 and SMPD4 decreased native production of C16 (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively), but only knockdown of SMPD4 rescued cellular proliferation (P < .005) following exogenous supplementation with C16. Conclusions Our findings suggest that C16 is a tissue biomarker for peripheral arterial disease severity in the setting of diabetes, and can impact endothelial cell viability and function. Clinical relevance Peripheral arterial disease and its end-stage manifestation known as chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) represent ongoing prevalent and intricate medical challenges. Individuals with diabetes have a heightened risk of developing CLTI and experiencing its complications, including wounds, ulcers, and major amputations. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the molecular lipid composition within arterial segments from individuals with CLTI, and with and without diabetes. Our investigations unveiled a striking revelation: the sphingolipid ceramide 18:1/16:0 emerged as the predominant ceramide species that was significantly elevated in the peripheral arterial intima below the knee in patients with diabetes. Moreover, this heightened ceramide presence is associated with a marked impairment of endothelial cell function and viability. Additionally, our study revealed a concurrent elevation in the expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterases, enzymes responsible for catalyzing ceramide synthesis from sphingomyelins, within maximally diseased arterial segments. These findings underscore the pivotal role of ceramides and their biosynthesis enzymes in the context of CLTI, offering new insights into potential therapeutic avenues for managing this challenging disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Meade
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yang Chao
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nikolai Harroun
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chenglong Li
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shahab Hafezi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clay F. Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Pilátová MB, Solárová Z, Mezencev R, Solár P. Ceramides and their roles in programmed cell death. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:417-425. [PMID: 37866204 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Programmed cell death is regulated by a range of macromolecules and low-molecular messengers, including ceramides. Endogenous ceramides have different functions, that are influenced by their localization and the presence of their target molecules. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of ceramides and their impact on various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, anoikis, macroautophagy and mitophagy, and necroptosis. Moreover, it highlights the emergence of dihydroceramides as a new class of bioactive sphingolipids and their downstream targets as well as their future roles in cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Mezencev
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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3
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Shi M, Tang C, Wu JX, Ji BW, Gong BM, Wu XH, Wang X. Mass Spectrometry Detects Sphingolipid Metabolites for Discovery of New Strategy for Cancer Therapy from the Aspect of Programmed Cell Death. Metabolites 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37512574 PMCID: PMC10384871 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a type of bioactive lipid, play crucial roles within cells, serving as integral components of membranes and exhibiting strong signaling properties that have potential therapeutic implications in anti-cancer treatments. However, due to the diverse group of lipids and intricate mechanisms, sphingolipids still face challenges in enhancing the efficacy of different therapy approaches. In recent decades, mass spectrometry has made significant advancements in uncovering sphingolipid biomarkers and elucidating their impact on cancer development, progression, and resistance. Primary sphingolipids, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, exhibit contrasting roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival. The evasion of cell death is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure and a poor prognosis. The escape initiates with long-established apoptosis and extends to other programmed cell death (PCD) forms when patients experience chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Gradually, supportive evidence has uncovered the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of PCD leading to the development of innovative molecular, genetic, and pharmacological tools that specifically target sphingolipid signaling nodes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sphingolipid biomarkers revealed through mass spectrometry in recent decades, as well as an in-depth analysis of the six main forms of PCD (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis) in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatments. We review the corresponding small-molecule compounds associated with these processes and their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- SINO-SWISS Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Wei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Zietzer A, Düsing P, Reese L, Nickenig G, Jansen F. Ceramide Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease: A Network With High Therapeutic Potential. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1220-1228. [PMID: 36004640 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that ceramides play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic and valvular heart disease. Ceramides are biologically active sphingolipids that are produced by a complex network of enzymes. Lowering cellular and tissue levels of ceramide by inhibiting the ceramide-producing enzymes counteracts atherosclerotic and valvular heart disease development in animal models. In vascular tissues, ceramides are produced in response to hyperglycemia and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α signaling and are involved in NO-signaling and inflammation. In humans, elevated blood ceramide levels are associated with cardiovascular events. Furthermore, important cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, have been linked to ceramide accumulation. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms of how ceramides drive cardiovascular disease locally and links these findings to the intriguing results of human studies on ceramides as biomarkers for cardiovascular events. Moreover, we discuss the current state of interventions to therapeutically influence vascular ceramide metabolism, both locally and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zietzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Düsing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurine Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
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Identification of Target Proteins Involved in Cochlear Hair Cell Progenitor Cytotoxicity following Gentamicin Exposure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144072. [PMID: 35887836 PMCID: PMC9319054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the non-labile, terminal differentiation of inner-ear sensory cells, preserving their function is critical since sensory cell damage results in irreversible hearing loss. Gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity is one of the major causes of sensory cell damage and consequent sensorineural hearing loss. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and target proteins involved in ototoxicity are still unknown. The objective of the present study was to identify target proteins involved in gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity to better characterize the molecular pathways involved in sensory cell damage following ototoxic drug administration using House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). We identified several unique proteins involved in gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity, expression of which were further confirmed using confocal microscopy. Further investigation of these pathways can inform the design and discovery of novel treatment modalities to prevent sensory cell damage and preserve their function.
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Drug triggered pruritus, rash, papules, and blisters - is AGEP a clash of an altered sphingolipid-metabolism and lysosomotropism of drugs accumulating in the skin? Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:156. [PMID: 34743684 PMCID: PMC8573906 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rash, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, and the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are relatively uncommon adverse reactions of drugs. To date, the etiology is not well understood and individual susceptibility still remains unknown. Amiodarone, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, and trimipramine are classified lysosomotropic as well as photosensitizing, however, they fail to trigger rash and pruritic papules in all individuals. Lysosomotropism is a common charcteristic of various drugs, but independent of individuals. There is evidence that the individual ability to respond to external oxidative stress is crosslinked with the elongation of long-chain fatty acids to very long-chain fatty acids by ELOVLs. ELOVL6 and ELOVL7 are sensitive to ROS induced depletion of cellular NADPH and insufficient regeneration via the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Deficiency of NADPH in presence of lysosomotropic drugs promotes the synthesis of C16-ceramide in lysosomes and may contribute to emerging pruritic papules of AGEP. However, independently from a lysosomomotropic drug, severe depletion of ATP and NAD(P)H, e.g., by UV radiation or a potent photosensitizer can trigger likewise the collapse of the lysosomal transmembrane proton gradient resulting in lysosomal C16-ceramide synthesis and pruritic papules. This kind of papules are equally present in polymorphous light eruption (PMLE/PLE) and acne aestivalis (Mallorca acne). The suggested model of a compartmentalized ceramide metabolism provides a more sophisticated explanation of cutaneous drug adverse effects and the individual sensitivity to UV radiation. Parameters such as pKa and ClogP of the triggering drug, cutaneous fatty acid profile, and ceramide profile enables new concepts in risk assessment and scoring of AGEP as well as prophylaxis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Schillingallee 68, D-18057, Leipzig, Rostock, Germany.
- Faculty of Science, Associated member of Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D- 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Wang M, Yang L, Chen Z, Dai L, Xi C, Wu X, Wu G, Wang Y, Hu J. Geniposide ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression-like behavior through inhibition of ceramide-PP2A signaling via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β axis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2789-2800. [PMID: 34142167 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a severe mental disorder. Unfortunately, more than half of patients with major depression disorder cannot achieve remission after initial treatment with an antidepressant. Geniposide, a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors in mice. However, the underlying mechanism is still not very clear. METHODS The pharmacological methods including ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to investigate the role of geniposide on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression mice. RESULTS In this study, we found that geniposide could inhibit CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Geniposide is able to reduce the levels of ceramide and lower the activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in hippocampus; besides, ASM inhibitor (amitriptyline) can decrease the concentration of ceramide and ameliorate depressive-like behaviors of mice. Moreover, geniposide can also alleviate CUMS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and increase the phosphorylated form of PI3K, Akt, and GSK3β. Additionally, PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) can also abolish the neuroprotective effect of geniposide on hippocampal neurons in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that geniposide exert a potential antidepressant-like effect on CUMS mice, and its effect might be associated with activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling, reduced the level of ceramide and hippocampal neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Linlu Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caihua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 958 Jinguang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Robida PA, Chumanevich AP, Gandy AO, Fuseler JW, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Oskeritzian CA. Skin Mast Cell-Driven Ceramides Drive Early Apoptosis in Pre-Symptomatic Eczema in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7851. [PMID: 34360617 PMCID: PMC8346072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD or eczema) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder worldwide. Ceramides (Cer) maintain skin barrier functions, which are disrupted in lesional skin of AD patients. However, Cer status during the pre-lesional phase of AD is not well defined. Using a variation of human AD-like preclinical model consisting of a 7-day topical exposure to ovalbumin (OVA), or control, we observed elevation of Cer C16 and C24. Skin mRNA quantification of enzymes involved in Cer metabolism [Cer synthases (CerS) and ceramidases (Asah1/Asah2)], which revealed augmented CerS 4, 5 and 6 and Asah1. Given the overall pro-apoptotic nature of Cer, local apoptosis was assessed, then quantified using novel morphometric measurements of cleaved caspase (Casp)-3-restricted immunofluorescence signal in skin samples. Apoptosis was induced in response to OVA. Because apoptosis may occur downstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we measured markers of ER stress-induced apoptosis and found elevated skin-associated CHOP protein upon OVA treatment. We previously substantiated the importance of mast cells (MC) in initiating early skin inflammation. OVA-induced Cer increase and local apoptosis were prevented in MC-deficient mice; however, they were restored following MC reconstitution. We propose that the MC/Cer axis is an essential pathogenic feature of pre-lesional AD, whose targeting may prevent disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (P.A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.O.G.); (J.W.F.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
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9
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Ceramide Synthase 6 Maximizes p53 Function to Prevent Progeny Formation from Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092212. [PMID: 34062962 PMCID: PMC8125704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One mechanism that contributes to cancer recurrence is the ability of some malignant cells to temporarily halt cell division and accumulate multiple nuclei that are later released as progeny, which resume cell division. The release of progeny occurs via primitive cleavage and is highly dependent on the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase but the role of sphingolipid metabolism in this process remains to be elucidated. This study highlights differences in sphingolipid metabolism between non-polyploid and polyploid cancer cells and shows that ceramide synthase 6, which preferentially generates C16-ceramide maximizes the ability of the tumor suppressor p53 to inhibit progeny formation in polyploid cancer cells. These results offer an explanation as to why non-cancerous polyploid cells, which express wildtype p53, do not generate progeny and suggest that cancer cells with deregulated p53 function pose a higher risk of evading therapy especially if enzymes that generate C16-ceramide are also dysregulated. Abstract Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) constitute a transiently senescent subpopulation of cancer cells that arises in response to stress. PGCC are capable of generating progeny via a primitive, cleavage-like cell division that is dependent on the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1). The goal of this study was to understand differences in sphingolipid metabolism between non-polyploid and polyploid cancer cells to gain an understanding of the ASAH1-dependence in the PGCC population. Steady-state and flux analysis of sphingolipids did not support our initial hypothesis that the ASAH1 product sphingosine is rapidly converted into the pro-survival lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Instead, our results suggest that ASAH1 activity is important for preventing the accumulation of long chain ceramides such as C16-ceramide. We therefore determined how modulation of C16-ceramide, either through CerS6 or p53, a known PGCC suppressor and enhancer of CerS6-derived C16-ceramide, affected PGCC progeny formation. Co-expression of the CerS6 and p53 abrogated the ability of PGCC to form offspring, suggesting that the two genes form a positive feedback loop. CerS6 enhanced the effect of p53 by significantly increasing protein half-life. Our results support the idea that sphingolipid metabolism is of functional importance in PGCC and that targeting this signaling pathway has potential for clinical intervention.
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Woolman M, Katz L, Tata A, Basu SS, Zarrine-Afsar A. Breaking Through the Barrier: Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Ambient Mass Spectrometry at the Bedside. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:221-246. [PMID: 34020761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid characterization of tissue disorder using ambient mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, requiring little to no preanalytical preparations of sampled tissues, has been shown using a variety of ion sources and with many disease classes. A brief overview of ambient MS in clinical applications, the state of the art in regulatory affairs, and recommendations to facilitate adoption for use at the bedside are presented. Unique challenges in the validation of untargeted MS methods and additional safety and compliance requirements for deployment within a clinical setting are further discussed. Development of a harmonized validation strategy for ambient MS methods is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woolman
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lauren Katz
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arash Zarrine-Afsar
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1P5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada; Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
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11
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sommerfeld O, Rentschler S, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Rational Drug Repurposing: Focus on Lysosomotropism, Targets in Disease Process, Drug Profile, and Pulmonary Tissue Accumulation in SARS-CoV-2 Infection/COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584881. [PMID: 33692684 PMCID: PMC7938238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Rentschler
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.,EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI Leipzig, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Blaess M, Kaiser L, Sauer M, Csuk R, Deigner HP. COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lysosomes and Lysosomotropism Implicate New Treatment Strategies and Personal Risks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4953. [PMID: 32668803 PMCID: PMC7404102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In line with SARS and MERS, the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest challenges in medicine and health care worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 provides numerous therapeutic targets, each of them promising, but not leading to the success of therapy to date. Neither an antiviral nor an immunomodulatory therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 or pre-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 has proved to be effective. In this review, we try to close the gap and point out the likely relationships among lysosomotropism, increasing lysosomal pH, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and disease process, and we deduce an approach for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS)/cytokine storm triggered by bacteria or viruses. Lysosomotropic compounds affect prominent inflammatory messengers (e.g., IL-1B, CCL4, CCL20, and IL-6), cathepsin-L-dependent viral entry of host cells, and products of lysosomal enzymes that promote endothelial stress response in systemic inflammation. As supported by recent clinical data, patients who have already taken lysosomotropic drugs for other pre-existing conditions likely benefit from this treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic. The early administration of a combination of antivirals such as remdesivir and lysosomotropic drugs, such as the antibiotics teicoplanin or dalbavancin, seems to be able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transition to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, D-18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of Magdeburg, Birkenallee 34, D-39130 Magdeburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (M.B.); (L.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
- Associated Member, Faculty of Science, Tuebingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Lima EDO, Navarro LC, Morishita KN, Kamikawa CM, Rodrigues RGM, Dabaja MZ, de Oliveira DN, Delafiori J, Dias-Audibert FL, Ribeiro MDS, Vicentini AP, Rocha A, Catharino RR. Metabolomics and Machine Learning Approaches Combined in Pursuit for More Accurate Paracoccidioidomycosis Diagnoses. mSystems 2020; 5:e00258-20. [PMID: 32606026 PMCID: PMC7329323 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00258-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil and many other Latin American countries are areas of endemicity for different neglected diseases, and the fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of them. Among the clinical manifestations, pneumopathy associated with skin and mucosal lesions is the most frequent. PCM definitive diagnosis depends on yeast microscopic visualization and immunological tests, but both present ambiguous results and difficulty in differentiating PCM from other fungal infections. This research has employed metabolomics analysis through high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify PCM biomarkers in serum samples in order to improve diagnosis for this debilitating disease. To upgrade the biomarker selection, machine learning approaches, using Random Forest classifiers, were combined with metabolomics data analysis. The proposed combination of these two analytical methods resulted in the identification of a set of 19 PCM biomarkers that show accuracy of 97.1%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity of 94.1%. The obtained results are promising and present great potential to improve PCM definitive diagnosis and adequate pharmacological treatment, reducing the incidence of PCM sequelae and resulting in a better quality of life.IMPORTANCE Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal infection typically found in Latin American countries, especially in Brazil. The identification of this disease is based on techniques that may fail sometimes. Intending to improve PCM detection in patient samples, this study used the combination of two of the newest technologies, artificial intelligence and metabolomics. This combination allowed PCM detection, independently of disease form, through identification of a set of molecules present in patients' blood. The great difference in this research was the ability to detect disease with better confidence than the routine methods employed today. Another important point is that among the molecules, it was possible to identify some indicators of contamination and other infection that might worsen patients' condition. Thus, the present work shows a great potential to improve PCM diagnosis and even disease management, considering the possibility to identify concomitant harmful factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela de Oliveira Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Navarro
- RECOD Laboratory, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Noda Morishita
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Mika Kamikawa
- Laboratory of Mycosis Immunodiagnosis-Immunology Section, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mohamed Ziad Dabaja
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Luísa Dias-Audibert
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta da Silva Ribeiro
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pardini Vicentini
- Laboratory of Mycosis Immunodiagnosis-Immunology Section, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rocha
- RECOD Laboratory, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Mignard V, Dubois N, Lanoé D, Joalland MP, Oliver L, Pecqueur C, Heymann D, Paris F, Vallette FM, Lalier L. Sphingolipid distribution at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) upon induction of apoptosis. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1025-1037. [PMID: 32350079 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels and composition of sphingolipids and related metabolites are altered in aging and in common disorders such as diabetes and cancers, as well as in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. Changes in sphingolipids have been implicated as being an essential step in mitochondria-driven cell death. However, little is known about the precise sphingolipid composition and modulation in mitochondria or related organelles. Here, we used LC-MS/MS to analyze the presence of key components of the ceramide metabolic pathway in vivo and in vitro in purified ER, mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), and mitochondria. Specifically, we analyzed the sphingolipids in the three pathways that generate ceramide: sphinganine in the de novo ceramide pathway, SM in the breakdown pathway, and sphingosine in the salvage pathway. We observed sphingolipid profiles in mouse liver, mouse brain, and a human glioma cell line (U251). We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative changes of these sphingolipids during staurosporine-induced apoptosis in U251 cells. Ceramide (especially C16-ceramide) levels increased during early apoptosis possibly through a conversion from mitochondrial sphinganine and SM, but sphingosine and lactosyl- and glycosyl-ceramide levels were unaffected. We also found that ceramide generation is enhanced in mitochondria when SM levels are decreased in the MAM. This decrease was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase activity in MAM. We conclude that meaningful sphingolipid modifications occur in MAM, the mitochondria, and the ER during the early steps of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mignard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Nolwenn Dubois
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Didier Lanoé
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Joalland
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France. mailto:
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Lisenn Lalier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
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15
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Yu FPS, Molino S, Sikora J, Rasmussen S, Rybova J, Tate E, Geurts AM, Turner PV, Mckillop WM, Medin JA. Hepatic pathology and altered gene transcription in a murine model of acid ceramidase deficiency. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1572-1592. [PMID: 31186526 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Farber disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by systemic ceramide accumulation caused by a deficiency in acid ceramidase (ACDase). In its classic form, FD manifests with painful lipogranulomatous nodules in extremities and joints, respiratory complications, and neurological involvement. Hepatosplenomegaly is commonly reported, and severe cases of FD cite liver failure as a cause of early death. Mice homozygous for an orthologous patient mutation in the ACDase gene (Asah1P361R/P361R) recapitulate the classical form of human FD. In this study, we demonstrate impaired liver function and elevation of various liver injury markers in Asah1P361R/P361R mice as early as 5 weeks of age. Histopathology analyses demonstrated significant formation and recruitment of foamy macrophages, invasion of neutrophils, progressive tissue fibrosis, increased cell proliferation and death, and significant storage pathology within various liver cell types. Lipidomic analyses revealed alterations to various lipid concentrations in both serum and liver tissue. A significant accumulation of ceramide and other sphingolipids in both liver and hepatocytes was noted. Sphingolipid acyl chains were also altered, with an increase in long acyl chain sphingolipids coinciding with a decrease in ultra-long acyl chains. Hepatocyte transcriptome analyses revealed significantly altered gene transcription. Molecular pathways related to inflammation were found activated, and molecular pathways involved in lipid metabolism were found deactivated. Altered gene transcription within the sphingolipid pathway itself was also observed. The data presented herein demonstrates that deficiency in ACDase results in liver pathology as well as sphingolipid and gene transcription profile changes that lead to impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P S Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Salvatore Molino
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shauna Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jitka Rybova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Everett Tate
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - William M Mckillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Suhrland C, Truman J, Obeid LM, Sitharaman B. Delivery of long chain C16and C24ceramide in HeLa cells using oxidized graphene nanoribbons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1141-1156. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Suhrland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| | - Jean‐Philip Truman
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Health Science CenterStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Health Science CenterStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
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17
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Garić D, De Sanctis JB, Shah J, Dumut DC, Radzioch D. Biochemistry of very-long-chain and long-chain ceramides in cystic fibrosis and other diseases: The importance of side chain. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100998. [PMID: 31445070 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides, the principal building blocks of all sphingolipids, have attracted the attention of many scientists around the world interested in developing treatments for cystic fibrosis, the most common genetic disease of Caucasians. Many years of fruitful research in this field have produced some fundamentally important, yet controversial results. Here, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of long- and very-long- chain ceramides, the most abundant species of ceramides in animal cells, in cystic fibrosis and other diseases. We also aim to explain the importance of the length of their side chain in the context of stability of transmembrane proteins through a concise synthesis of their biophysical chemistry, cell biology, and physiology. This review also addresses several remaining riddles in this field. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with the analysis and quantification of ceramides. We provide the evaluation of the antibodies used for ceramide quantification and we demonstrate their lack of specificity. Results and discussion presented here will be of interest to anyone studying these enigmatic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Garić
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juhi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daciana Catalina Dumut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Blaess M, Deigner HP. Derailed Ceramide Metabolism in Atopic Dermatitis (AD): A Causal Starting Point for a Personalized (Basic) Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3967. [PMID: 31443157 PMCID: PMC6720956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Active rebuilding, stabilizing, and maintaining the lipid barrier of the skin is an encouraging disease management and care concept for dry skin, atopic dermatitis (eczema, neurodermatitis), and psoriasis. For decades, corticosteroids have been the mainstay of topical therapy for atopic dermatitis; however, innovations within the scope of basic therapy are rare. In (extremely) dry, irritated, or inflammatory skin, as well as in lesions, an altered (sphingo)lipid profile is present. Recovery of a balanced (sphingo)lipid profile is a promising target for topical and personalized treatment and prophylaxis. New approaches for adults and small children are still lacking. With an ingenious combination of commonly used active ingredients, it is possible to restore and reinforce the dermal lipid barrier and maintain refractivity. Lysosomes and ceramide de novo synthesis play a key role in attenuation of the dermal lipid barrier. Linoleic acid in combination with amitriptyline in topical medication offers the possibility to relieve patients affected by dry and itchy skin, mild to moderate atopic dermatitis lesions, and eczemas without the commonly occurring serious adverse effects of topical corticosteroids or systemic antibody administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI Leipzig, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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19
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Siavashi R, Phaterpekar T, Leung SSW, Alonso A, Goñi FM, Thewalt JL. Lamellar Phases Composed of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, and Ceramide, as Studied by 2H NMR. Biophys J 2019; 117:296-306. [PMID: 31279446 PMCID: PMC6702149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids constitute a significant fraction of cellular plasma membrane lipid content. Among sphingolipids, ceramide levels are usually very low. However, in some cell processes like apoptosis, cell membrane ceramide levels increase markedly because of the activation of enzymes like acid sphingomyelinase. This increase can change the physical state of the membrane by promoting molecular order and inducing solid-ordered (So) phase domains. This effect has been observed in a previous 2H NMR study on membranes consisting of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) and palmitoyl ceramide (PCer). Cholesterol (Chol), too, is present at high concentrations in mammalian plasma membranes and has a favorable interaction with sphingomyelin (SM), together forming domains in the liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. There are reports that Chol is able to displace ceramide (Cer) in SM bilayers and abolish the So phase domains formed by SM:Cer. This ability of Chol appears to be concentration dependent; in membranes with low Chol and high Cer contents, So phase domains rich in Cer coexist with the continuous fluid phase of the membrane. Here, we studied the effect of increasing PCer concentration in PSM:Chol bilayers, using 2H NMR. Chol:PCer mole ratios were 3:1, 3:2, and 3:3, at a fixed 7:3 phospholipid:cholesterol mol ratio. Both PSM and PCer were monitored in separate samples for changes in their physical state by introducing a perdeuterated palmitoyl chain in either molecule. Moreover, the effect of replacing PSM with DPPC was investigated to test the impact on membrane phase behavior of replacing the sphingosine with a palmitoylated glycerol backbone. We found that PCer can increase acyl chain order in both PSM:Chol and DPPC:Chol bilayers. Especially in bilayers with Chol:PCer 1:1 molar ratios, PCer induces highly stable So phase domains in both PSM and DPPC bilayers near 37°C. However, PCer has a more pronounced ordering effect on PSM compared to DPPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Siavashi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tejas Phaterpekar
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherry S W Leung
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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20
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Garić D, De Sanctis JB, Shah J, Dumut DC, Radzioch D. Biochemistry of very-long-chain and long-chain ceramides in cystic fibrosis and other diseases: The importance of side chain. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:130-144. [PMID: 30876862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides, the principal building blocks of all sphingolipids, have attracted the attention of many scientists around the world interested in developing treatments for cystic fibrosis, the most common genetic disease of Caucasians. Many years of fruitful research in this field have produced some fundamentally important, yet controversial results. Here, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of long- and very-long- chain ceramides, the most abundant species of ceramides in animal cells, in cystic fibrosis and other diseases. We also aim to explain the importance of the length of their side chain in the context of stability of transmembrane proteins through a concise synthesis of their biophysical chemistry, cell biology, and physiology. This review also addresses several remaining riddles in this field. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with the analysis and quantification of ceramides. We provide the evaluation of the antibodies used for ceramide quantification and we demonstrate their lack of specificity. Results and discussion presented here will be of interest to anyone studying these enigmatic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Garić
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juhi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daciana Catalina Dumut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Plasma lipidome reveals critical illness and recovery from human Ebola virus disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3919-3928. [PMID: 30808769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815356116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) often leads to severe and fatal outcomes in humans with early supportive care increasing the chances of survival. Profiling the human plasma lipidome provides insight into critical illness as well as diseased states, as lipids have essential roles as membrane structural components, signaling molecules, and energy sources. Here we show that the plasma lipidomes of EVD survivors and fatalities from Sierra Leone, infected during the 2014-2016 Ebola virus outbreak, were profoundly altered. Focusing on how lipids are associated in human plasma, while factoring in the state of critical illness, we found that lipidome changes were related to EVD outcome and could identify states of disease and recovery. Specific changes in the lipidome suggested contributions from extracellular vesicles, viremia, liver dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy, and general critical illness, and we identified possible targets for therapies enhancing EVD survival.
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22
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Fernández-García P, Rosselló CA, Rodríguez-Lorca R, Beteta-Göbel R, Fernández-Díaz J, Lladó V, Busquets X, Escribá PV. The Opposing Contribution of SMS1 and SMS2 to Glioma Progression and Their Value in the Therapeutic Response to 2OHOA. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010088. [PMID: 30646599 PMCID: PMC6356341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 2-Hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) is particularly active against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and successfully finished a phase I/IIA trial in patients with glioma and other advanced solid tumors. However, its mechanism of action is not fully known. Methods: The relationship between SMS1 and SMS2 expressions (mRNA) and overall survival in 329 glioma patients was investigated, and so was the correlation between SMS expression and 2OHOA's efficacy. The opposing role of SMS isoforms in 2OHOA's mechanism of action and in GBM cell growth, differentiation and death, was studied overexpressing or silencing them in human GBM cells. Results: Patients with high-SMS1 plus low-SMS2 expression had a 5-year survival ~10-fold higher than patients with low-SMS1 plus high-SMS2 expression. SMS1 and SMS2 also had opposing effect on GBM cell survival and 2OHOA's IC50 correlated with basal SMS1 levels and treatment induced changes in SMS1/SMS2 ratio. SMSs expression disparately affected 2OHOA's cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, ER-stress and autophagy. Conclusions: SMS1 and SMS2 showed opposite associations with glioma patient survival, glioma cell growth and response to 2OHOA treatment. SMSs signature could constitute a valuable prognostic biomarker, with high SMS1 and low SMS2 being a better disease prognosis. Additionally, low basal SMS1 mRNA levels predict positive response to 2OHOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Catalina A Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Lorca
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Roberto Beteta-Göbel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Javier Fernández-Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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23
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Speirs MMP, Swensen AC, Chan TY, Jones PM, Holman JC, Harris MB, Maschek JA, Cox JE, Carson RH, Hill JT, Andersen JL, Prince JT, Price JC. Imbalanced sphingolipid signaling is maintained as a core proponent of a cancerous phenotype in spite of metabolic pressure and epigenetic drift. Oncotarget 2019; 10:449-479. [PMID: 30728898 PMCID: PMC6355186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity may arise through genetic drift and environmentally driven clonal selection for metabolic fitness. This would promote subpopulations derived from single cancer cells that exhibit distinct phenotypes while conserving vital pro-survival pathways. We aimed to identify significant drivers of cell fitness in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) creating subclones in different nutrient formulations to encourage differential metabolic reprogramming. The genetic and phenotypic expression profiles of each subclone were analyzed relative to a healthy control cell line (hTert-HPNE). The subclones exhibited distinct variations in protein expression and lipid metabolism. Relative to hTert-HPNE, PSN-1 subclones uniformly maintained modified sphingolipid signaling and specifically retained elevated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) relative to C16 ceramide (C16 Cer) ratios. Each clone utilized a different perturbation to this pathway, but maintained this modified signaling to preserve cancerous phenotypes, such as rapid proliferation and defense against mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Although the subclones were unique in their sensitivity, inhibition of S1P synthesis significantly reduced the ratio of S1P/C16 Cer, slowed cell proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to apoptotic signals. This reliance on S1P signaling identifies this pathway as a promising drug-sensitizing target that may be used to eliminate cancerous cells consistently across uniquely reprogrammed PDAC clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M P Speirs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Adam C Swensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Tsz Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Peter M Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - John C Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - McCall B Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - John A Maschek
- Health Sciences Cores-Metabolomics, University of Utah, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Health Sciences Cores-Metabolomics, University of Utah, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
| | - Richard H Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathon T Hill
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - John T Prince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - John C Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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24
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Woolman M, Tata A, Dara D, Meens J, D'Arcangelo E, Perez CJ, Saiyara Prova S, Bluemke E, Ginsberg HJ, Ifa D, McGuigan A, Ailles L, Zarrine-Afsar A. Rapid determination of the tumour stroma ratio in squamous cell carcinomas with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS): a proof-of-concept demonstration. Analyst 2018; 142:3250-3260. [PMID: 28799592 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas constitute a major class of head & neck cancers, where the tumour stroma ratio (TSR) carries prognostic information. Patients affected by stroma-rich tumours exhibit a poor prognosis and a higher chance of relapse. As such, there is a need for a technology platform that allows rapid determination of the tumour stroma ratio. In this work, we provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) can be used to determine tumour stroma ratios. Slices from three independent mouse xenograft tumours from the human FaDu cell line were subjected to DESI-MS imaging, staining and detailed analysis using digital pathology methods. Using multivariate statistical methods we compared the MS profiles with those of isolated stromal cells. We found that m/z 773.53 [PG(18:1)(18:1) - H]-, m/z 835.53 [PI(34:1) - H]- and m/z 863.56 [PI(18:1)(18:0) - H]- are biomarker ions that can distinguish FaDu cancer from cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) cells. A comparison with DESI-MS analysis of controlled mixtures of the CAF and FaDu cells showed that the abundance of the biomarker ions above can be used to determine, with an error margin of close to 5% compared with quantitative pathology estimates, TSR values. This proof-of-principle demonstration is encouraging and must be further validated using human samples and a larger sample base. At maturity, DESI-MS thus may become a stand-alone molecular pathology tool providing an alternative rapid cancer assessment without the need for time-consuming staining and microscopy methods, potentially further conserving human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woolman
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1P5, Canada
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25
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Suhrland C, Truman JP, Obeid LM, Sitharaman B. Oxidized graphene nanoparticles as a delivery system for the pro-apoptotic sphingolipid C 6 ceramide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:25-37. [PMID: 30422374 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids such as ceramide have attracted much attention as possible anticancer agents due to their potent pro-apoptotic effects. However, due to their extreme hydrophobicity, there is currently no clinically approved delivery method for in vivo use as a therapeutic agent. To this end, we have developed a novel method for loading the short-chain C6 ceramide onto oxidized graphene nanoribbons (O-GNRs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Mass spectrometry revealed loading efficiencies of 57% and 51.5% for C6 ceramide onto O-GNRs and GNPs, respectively. The PrestoBlue viability assay revealed that 100 µg/mL of C6 ceramide-loaded O-GNRs and C6 ceramide-loaded GNPs reduced HeLa cell viability by approximately 93% and approximately 76%, respectively, compared to untreated HeLa cells, while equal concentrations of these nanoparticles without C6 ceramide did not significantly reduce HeLa cell viability. We confirmed that this cytotoxicity was apoptotic in nature via capase-3 activity and Hoechst staining. Using live-cell confocal imaging with the fluorescent NBD-ceramide loaded on O-GNRs, we observed robust uptake into HeLa cells within 30 min while NBD-ceramide on its own was uptaken much more rapidly. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that C6 ceramide-loaded O-GNRs were actually entering cells. Taken together, these data show that O-GNRs are a promising delivery agent for ceramide. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use such a loading method. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 25-37, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Suhrland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jean-Philip Truman
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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26
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Brachtendorf S, Wanger RA, Birod K, Thomas D, Trautmann S, Wegner MS, Fuhrmann DC, Brüne B, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. Chemosensitivity of human colon cancer cells is influenced by a p53-dependent enhancement of ceramide synthase 5 and induction of autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1214-1227. [PMID: 30059758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resistance against chemotherapy is a life-threatening complication in colon cancer therapy. To increase response rate, new additional targets that contribute to chemoresistance are still needed to be explored. Ceramides, which belong to the group of sphingolipids, are well-known regulators of cell death and survival, respectively. Here, we show that in human wild-type (wt) p53 HCT-116 colon cancer cells treatment with oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) leads to a strong increase in ceramide synthase 5 (CerS5) expression and C16:0-ceramide levels, which was not shown in HCT-116 lacking p53 expression (HCT-116 p53-/-). The increase in CerS5 expression occurs by stabilizing CerS5 mRNA at the 3'-UTR. By contrast, in the p53-deficient cells CerS2 expression and CerS2-related C24:0- and C24:1-ceramide levels were elevated which is possibly related to enhanced polyadenylation of the CerS2 transcript in these cells. Stable knockdown of CerS5 expression using CerS5-targeting shRNA led to an increased sensitivity of HCT-116 p53wt cells, but not of p53-/- cells, to oxaliplatin and 5-FU. Enhanced sensitivity was accompanied by an inhibition of autophagy and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in these cells. However, knockdown of CerS2 had no significant effects on chemosensitivity of both cell lines. In conclusion, in p53wt colon cancer cells chemosensitivity against oxaliplatin or 5-FU could be enhanced by downregulation of CerS5 expression leading to reduced autophagy and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brachtendorf
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Anna Wanger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Birod
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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27
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Traceless synthesis of ceramides in living cells reveals saturation-dependent apoptotic effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7485-7490. [PMID: 29967152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804266115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells synthesize thousands of distinct lipids, yet the function of many of these lipid species is unknown. Ceramides, a class of sphingolipid, are implicated in several cell-signaling pathways but poor cell permeability and lack of selectivity in endogenous synthesis pathways have hampered direct study of their effects. Here we report a strategy that overcomes the inherent biological limitations of ceramide delivery by chemoselectively ligating lipid precursors in vivo to yield natural ceramides in a traceless manner. Using this method, we uncovered the apoptotic effects of several ceramide species and observed differences in their apoptotic activity based on acyl-chain saturation. Additionally, we demonstrate spatiotemporally controlled ceramide synthesis in live cells through photoinitiated lipid ligation. Our in situ lipid ligation approach addresses the long-standing problem of lipid-specific delivery and enables the direct study of unique ceramide species in live cells.
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28
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Basu SS, Randall EC, Regan MS, Lopez BG, Clark AR, Schmitt ND, Agar JN, Dillon DA, Agar NYR. In Vitro Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Mass Spectrometry (ivLESA-MS) for Direct Metabolic Analysis of Adherent Cells in Culture. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4987-4991. [PMID: 29608279 PMCID: PMC6196362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional metabolomic methods include extensive sample preparation steps and long analytical run times, increasing the likelihood of processing artifacts and limiting high throughput applications. We present here in vitro liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (ivLESA-MS), a variation on LESA-MS, performed directly on adherent cells grown in 96-well cell culture plates. To accomplish this, culture medium was aspirated immediately prior to analysis, and metabolites were extracted using LESA from the cell monolayer surface, followed by nano-electrospray ionization and MS analysis in negative ion mode. We applied this platform to characterize and compare lipidomic profiles of multiple breast cancer cell lines growing in culture (MCF-7, ZR-75-1, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231) and revealed distinct and reproducible lipidomic signatures between the cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrated time-dependent processing artifacts, underscoring the importance of immediate analysis. ivLESA-MS represents a rapid in vitro metabolomic method, which precludes the need for quenching, cell harvesting, sample preparation, and chromatography, significantly shortening preparation and analysis time while minimizing processing artifacts. This method could be further adapted to test drugs in vitro in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha S. Basu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael S. Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Begoña G.C. Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Amanda R. Clark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Deborah A. Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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29
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Mücke VT, Gerharz J, Jakobi K, Thomas D, Ferreirós Bouzas N, Mücke MM, Trötschler S, Weiler N, Welker MW, Zeuzem S, Pfeilschifter J, Grammatikos G. Low Serum Levels of (Dihydro-)Ceramides Reflect Liver Graft Dysfunction in a Real-World Cohort of Patients Post Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040991. [PMID: 29587453 PMCID: PMC5979454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients after orthopic liver transplantation (OLT) are at risk of developing graft dysfunction. Sphingolipids (SL’s) have been identified to play a pivotal role in the regulation of hepatocellular apoptosis, inflammation and immunity. We aimed to investigate the serum SL profile in a prospective real-world cohort of post-OLT patients. From October 2015 until July 2016, 149 well-characterized post-OLT patients were analyzed. SL’s were assessed in serum probes via Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-nine (20%) patients had a biopsy proven graft rejection with decreased C20-ceramide (Cer) (p = 0.042), C18-dihydroceramide (DHC) (p = 0.022) and C24DHC (p = 0.060) levels. Furthermore, C18DHC (p = 0.044) and C24DHC (p = 0.011) were significantly down-regulated in patients with ischemic type biliary lesions (ITBL; n = 15; 10%). One-hundred and thirty-three patients (89%) have so far received tacrolimus as the main immunosuppressive agent with observed elevations of C14Cer (p = 0.052), C18Cer (p = 0.049) and C18:1Cer (p = 0.024). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pre-OLT was associated with increases in C24:1Cer (p = 0.024) and C24:1DHC (p = 0.024). In this large prospective cross-sectional study of patients, post-OLT serum levels of (very-)long chain (dihydro-)ceramides associate with graft rejection, ITBL, tacrolimus intake and HCC pre-OLT. Hence, serum SL’s may be indicative of graft complications. Further research is necessary to identify their diverse mechanistic role in regulating immunity and inflammation in patients post-OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Therese Mücke
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Janis Gerharz
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nerea Ferreirós Bouzas
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Marcus Maximilian Mücke
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sven Trötschler
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nina Weiler
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Martin-Walter Welker
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Georgios Grammatikos
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Dinoff A, Saleem M, Herrmann N, Mielke MM, Oh PI, Venkata SLV, Haughey NJ, Lanctôt KL. Plasma sphingolipids and depressive symptoms in coronary artery disease. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00836. [PMID: 29201542 PMCID: PMC5698859 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is highly prevalent in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) and increases the risk of future cardiac events and mortality. Sphingolipids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both CAD and depression. This study assessed the association between plasma sphingolipid concentrations and depressive symptoms in CAD subjects. METHODS Depressive symptoms were measured using the depression subscale of the self-reported Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sphingolipid concentrations were measured from fasting plasma samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Linear regression models were used to assess associations between log-transformed concentrations of plasma sphingolipids and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 111 CAD patients (mean (SD) age = 63.6 ± 6.4, 84.7% male) were included. In linear regression analyses, higher plasma concentrations of ceramides C16:0 (β = 0.204, p = .026) and C18:0 (β = 0.209, p = .023) and sphingomyelin SM18:1 (β = 0.210, p = .024) were significantly associated with higher HADS depression subscale score after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION Sphingolipids, in particular the ceramide species C16:0 and C18:0 and the sphingomyelin species SM18:1, may be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in CAD. The association between plasma sphingolipid concentrations and depression should be further examined in CAD patients and in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dinoff
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mahwesh Saleem
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Paul I Oh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation Toronto ON Canada
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31
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Blaess M, Bibak N, Claus RA, Kohl M, Bonaterra GA, Kinscherf R, Laufer S, Deigner HP. NB 06: From a simple lysosomotropic aSMase inhibitor to tools for elucidating the role of lysosomes in signaling apoptosis and LPS-induced inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:73-104. [PMID: 29031494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide generation is involved in signal transduction of cellular stress response, in particular during stress-induced apoptosis in response to stimuli such as minimally modified Low-density lipoproteins, TNFalpha and exogenous C6-ceramide. In this paper we describe 48 diverse synthetic products and evaluate their lysosomotropic and acid sphingomyelinase inhibiting activities in macrophages. A stimuli-induced increase of C16-ceramide in macrophages can be almost completely suppressed by representative compound NB 06 providing an effective protection of macrophages against apoptosis. Compounds like NB 06 thus offer highly interesting fields of application besides prevention of apoptosis of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques in vessel walls. Most importantly, they can be used for blocking pH-dependent lysosomal processes and enzymes in general as well as for analyzing lysosomal dependent cellular signaling. Modulation of gene expression of several prominent inflammatory messengers IL1B, IL6, IL23A, CCL4 and CCL20 further indicate potentially beneficial effects in the field of (systemic) infections involving bacterial endotoxins like LPS or infections with influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nelly Bibak
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Stress-Activated Degradation of Sphingolipids Regulates Mitochondrial Function and Cell Death in Yeast. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2708345. [PMID: 28845213 PMCID: PMC5563427 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2708345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are regulators of mitochondria-mediated cell death in higher eukaryotes. Here, we investigate how changes in sphingolipid metabolism and downstream intermediates of sphingosine impinge on mitochondrial function. We found in yeast that within the sphingolipid degradation pathway, the production via Dpl1p and degradation via Hfd1p of hexadecenal are critical for mitochondrial function and cell death. Genetic interventions, which favor hexadecenal accumulation, diminish oxygen consumption rates and increase reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial fragmentation and vice versa. The location of the hexadecenal-degrading enzyme Hfd1p in punctuate structures all along the mitochondrial network depends on a functional ERMES (endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure) complex, indicating that modulation of hexadecenal levels at specific ER-mitochondria contact sites might be an important trigger of cell death. This is further supported by the finding that externally added hexadecenal or the absence of Hfd1p enhances cell death caused by ectopic expression of the human Bax protein. Finally, the induction of the sphingolipid degradation pathway upon stress is controlled by the Hog1p MAP kinase. Therefore, the stress-regulated modulation of sphingolipid degradation might be a conserved way to induce cell death in eukaryotic organisms.
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Platelet hyperactivation, apoptosis and hypercoagulability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2017; 155:106-115. [PMID: 28528289 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in systemic redox balance can alter platelet activation and aggregation. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a systematic inflammatory disease associated with mechanical shear stress, increased thrombin, catecholamines, serotonin and hemolysis, which cumulatively can hyperactivate platelets and accelerate their turnover. We tested the hypothesis that platelets from patients with moderately severe PE will show hyperstimulation and a pre-apoptotic phenotype associated with microparticles (MPs) in plasma. Blood for platelet respiration and thromboelastography (TEG) was obtained at diagnosis and 24h later from patients (n=76) with image-proven PE, SBP>90mmHg and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrated by echocardiogram or elevated biomarkers. Controls (n=12) were healthy volunteers. At diagnosis, platelets from PE patients had significantly elevated baseline oxygen consumption compared with controls, explained primarily by accelerated electron transport and oxygen wasting with no measurable extramitochondrial oxygen consumption. On thromboelastography, unstimulated thrombin-independent maximum amplitude was increased with PE, 19±14.1 vs.10.5±7.8mm in controls (p=0.002). Compared with controls, platelets from PE patients showed elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein content and increased cytosolic cytochrome C, coincident with strong annexin V binding, P selectin release from lysed platelets and in plasma MPs compared to controls (p<0.05). These results show evidence of platelet hyperactivation and apoptosis in patients with acute PE, and provide preliminary theoretical basis for further exploration of platelet inhibition in patients with more severe PE.
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Dinoff A, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL. Ceramides and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:35-43. [PMID: 28189963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a significant contributor to global disability and mortality. The mechanisms of depression are vast and not fully understood, and as a result current treatment of depression is suboptimal. Aberrant sphingolipid metabolism has been observed in some cases of depression, specifically alterations in ceramide concentrations. The role of ceramides and other sphingolipids in depression is a novel concept. This review summarizes and evaluates the current state of evidence for a role of ceramides in depression pathophysiology and the potential for novel depression pharmacotherapies targeting ceramide metabolism. METHODS Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched through October 2016 for English-language studies using combinations of the search terms: ceramide, depression, sphingolipid, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 489 articles screened, 14 were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review article. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggest that ceramide species may contribute to depression pathophysiology. In human studies, ceramides C18:0 and C20:0 are the species most strongly linked to depression. Evidence for altered ceramide metabolism in depression is present, but data for a causal role of ceramides in depression are lacking. LIMITATIONS This review was limited by potential reporting bias. Furthermore, a lack of specificity of which ceramides were altered in depression was common. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacotherapy targeting ceramide metabolism may be a novel treatment option for depression. A number of pharmacological targets exists for ceramide reduction and a number of currently approved medications inhibit ceramide production. More evidence, pre-clinical and clinical, is warranted to determine the extent and consistency of the role of ceramides in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dinoff
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The sphingolipid family of lipids modulate several cellular processes, including proliferation, cell cycle regulation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and cell death. Several members of the sphingolipid pathway have opposing functions and thus imbalances in sphingolipid metabolism result in deregulated cellular processes, which cause or contribute to diseases and disorders in humans. A key cellular process regulated by sphingolipids is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Sphingolipids play an important role in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli, cell type and cellular response to the stress. During mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, multiple pathways converge on mitochondria and induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP results in the release of intermembrane space proteins such as cytochrome c and Apaf1 into the cytosol where they activate the caspases and DNases that execute cell death. The precise molecular components of the pore(s) responsible for MOMP are unknown, but sphingolipids are thought to play a role. Here, we review evidence for a role of sphingolipids in the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis with a focus on potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which altered sphingolipid metabolism indirectly or directly induce MOMP. Data available on these mechanisms is reviewed, and the focus and limitations of previous and current studies are discussed to present important unanswered questions and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Rapid Detection of Necrosis in Breast Cancer with Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35374. [PMID: 27734938 PMCID: PMC5062153 DOI: 10.1038/srep35374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of necrosis in tumors is of prognostic value in treatment planning, as necrosis is associated with aggressive forms of cancer and unfavourable outcomes. To facilitate rapid detection of necrosis with Mass Spectrometry (MS), we report the lipid MS profile of necrotic breast cancer with Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging validated with statistical analysis and correlating pathology. This MS profile is characterized by (1) the presence of the ion of m/z 572.48 [Cer(d34:1) + Cl]− which is a ceramide absent from the viable cancer subregions; (2) the absence of the ion of m/z 391.25 which is present in small abundance only in viable cancer subregions; and (3) a slight increase in the relative intensity of known breast cancer biomarker ions of m/z 281.25 [FA(18:1)-H]− and 303.23 [FA(20:4)-H]−. Necrosis is accompanied by alterations in the tissue optical depolarization rate, allowing tissue polarimetry to guide DESI-MS analysis for rapid MS profiling or targeted MS imaging. This workflow, in combination with the MS profile of necrosis, may permit rapid characterization of necrotic tumors from tissue slices. Further, necrosis-specific biomarker ions are detected in seconds with single MS scans of necrotic tumor tissue smears, which further accelerates the identification workflow by avoiding tissue sectioning and slide preparation.
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Stiles M, Qi H, Sun E, Tan J, Porter H, Allegood J, Chalfant CE, Yasumura D, Matthes MT, LaVail MM, Mandal NA. Sphingolipid profile alters in retinal dystrophic P23H-1 rats and systemic FTY720 can delay retinal degeneration. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:818-31. [PMID: 26947037 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) affects millions of people and is a major cause of ocular impairment and blindness. With a wide range of mutations and conditions leading to degeneration, targeting downstream processes is necessary for developing effective treatments. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, a pair of bioactive sphingolipids, are involved in apoptosis and its prevention, respectively. Apoptotic cell death is a potential driver of RD, and in order to understand the mechanism of degeneration and potential treatments, we studied rhodopsin mutant RD model, P23H-1 rats. Investigating this genetic model of human RD allows us to investigate the association of sphingolipid metabolites with the degeneration of the retina in P23H-1 rats and the effects of a specific modulator of sphingolipid metabolism, FTY720. We found that P23H-1 rat retinas had altered sphingolipid profiles that, when treated with FTY720, were rebalanced closer to normal levels. FTY720-treated rats also showed protection from RD compared with their vehicle-treated littermates. Based on these data, we conclude that sphingolipid dysregulation plays a secondary role in retinal cell death, which may be common to many forms of RDs, and that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug FTY720 or related compounds that modulate sphingolipid metabolism could potentially delay the cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stiles
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Eleanor Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jeremy Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hunter Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 Research and Development, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249 Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine and the Virginia Commonwealth University Johnson Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Douglas Yasumura
- Beckman Vision Center, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael T Matthes
- Beckman Vision Center, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew M LaVail
- Beckman Vision Center, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Nawajes A Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Colombini M. Ceramide channels and mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 49:57-64. [PMID: 26801188 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the permeability pathways in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), whose elucidation was pioneered by Kathleen Kinnally, there is one formed by the lipid, ceramide. Electron microscopic visualization shows that ceramide channels are large cylindrical structures of varying pore size, with a most frequent size of 10 nm in diameter, large enough to allow all soluble proteins to translocate between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Similar results were obtained with electrophysiological measurements. Studies of the dynamics of the channels are consistent with a right cylinder. Ceramide channels form at mole fractions of ceramide that are found in the MOM early in the apoptotic process, before or at the time of protein release from mitochondria. That these channels are good candidates for the protein release pathway is supported by the fact that channel formation is inhibited by anti-apoptotic proteins and favored by Bax. Bcl-xL inhibits ceramide channel formation by binding to the apolar ceramide tails using its hydrophobic grove. Bax interaction with the polar regions of ceramide results in MOM permeabilization through synergy with ceramide. Evidence that ceramide channels actually function to favor apoptosis in vivo is supported by the expression of Bcl-xL containing point mutations in cells induced to undergo apoptosis. The Bcl-xL mutants inhibit differentially Bax and ceramide channels and thus tease apart, to some extent, these two modes of MOM permeabilization. Ceramide channels have the right properties and appropriate regulation to be key players in the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombini
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Suzuki M, Cao K, Kato S, Komizu Y, Mizutani N, Tanaka K, Arima C, Tai MC, Yanagisawa K, Togawa N, Shiraishi T, Usami N, Taniguchi T, Fukui T, Yokoi K, Wakahara K, Hasegawa Y, Mizutani Y, Igarashi Y, Inokuchi JI, Iwaki S, Fujii S, Satou A, Matsumoto Y, Ueoka R, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Murate T, Nakamura M, Kyogashima M, Takahashi T. Targeting ceramide synthase 6-dependent metastasis-prone phenotype in lung cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:254-65. [PMID: 26650179 DOI: 10.1172/jci79775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids make up a family of molecules associated with an array of biological functions, including cell death and migration. Sphingolipids are often altered in cancer, though how these alterations lead to tumor formation and progression is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and cell lines and determined that ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6) is markedly overexpressed compared with controls. Elevated CERS6 expression was due in part to reduction of microRNA-101 (miR-101) and was associated with increased invasion and poor prognosis. CERS6 knockdown in NSCLC cells altered the ceramide profile, resulting in decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro, and decreased the frequency of RAC1-positive lamellipodia formation while CERS6 overexpression promoted it. In murine models, CERS6 knockdown in transplanted NSCLC cells attenuated lung metastasis. Furthermore, combined treatment with l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposome and the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor D-PDMP induced cell death in association with ceramide accumulation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression in murine models. Together, these results indicate that CERS6-dependent ceramide synthesis and maintenance of ceramide in the cellular membrane are essential for lamellipodia formation and metastasis. Moreover, these results suggest that targeting this homeostasis has potential as a therapeutic strategy for CERS6-overexpressing NSCLC.
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40
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Design of a regulated lentiviral vector for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy of globoid cell leukodystrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15038. [PMID: 26509184 PMCID: PMC4605225 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a demyelinating lysosomal storage disease due to the deficiency of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme. The favorable outcome of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC)-based approaches in GLD and other similar diseases suggests HSPC gene therapy as a promising therapeutic option for patients. The path to clinical development of this strategy was hampered by a selective toxicity of the overexpressed GALC in the HSPC compartment. Here, we presented the optimization of a lentiviral vector (LV) in which miR-126 regulation was coupled to codon optimization of the human GALC cDNA to obtain a selective and enhanced enzymatic activity only upon transduced HSPCs differentiation. The safety of human GALC overexpression driven by this LV was extensively demonstrated in vitro and in vivo on human HSPCs from healthy donors. No perturbation in the content of proapoptotic sphingolipids, gene expression profile, and capability of engraftment and mutlilineage differentiation in chimeric mice was observed. The therapeutic potential of this LV was then assessed in a severe GLD murine model that benefited from transplantation of corrected HSPCs with longer survival and ameliorated phenotype as compared to untreated siblings. This construct has thus been selected as a candidate for clinical translation.
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41
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Grammatikos G, Ferreiròs N, Waidmann O, Bon D, Schroeter S, Koch A, Herrmann E, Zeuzem S, Kronenberger B, Pfeilschifter J. Serum Sphingolipid Variations Associate with Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Patients with Cirrhosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138130. [PMID: 26382760 PMCID: PMC4575185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingolipids constitute bioactive molecules with functional implications in liver homeostasis. Particularly, ablation of very long chain ceramides in a knockout mouse model has been shown to cause a severe hepatopathy. Methods We aimed to evaluate the serum sphingolipid profile of 244 patients with cirrhosis prospectively followed for a median period of 228±217 days via mass spectrometry. Results We thereby observed a significant decrease of long and very long chain ceramides, particularly of C24ceramide, in patients with increasing severity of cirrhosis (p<0.001). Additionally, hydropic decompensation, defined by clinical presentation of ascites formation, was significantly correlated to low C24ceramide levels (p<0.001) while a significant association to hepatic decompensation and poor overall survival was observed for low serum concentrations of C24ceramide (p<0.001) as well. Multivariate analysis further identified low serum C24ceramide to be independently associated to overall survival (standard beta = -0.001, p = 0.022). Conclusions In our current analysis serum levels of very long chain ceramides show a significant reciprocal correlation to disease severity and hepatic decompensation and are independently associated with overall survival in patients with cirrhosis. Serum sphingolipid metabolites and particularly C24ceramide may constitute novel molecular targets of disease severity, hepatic decompensation and overall prognosis in cirrhosis and should be further evaluated in basic research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Grammatikos
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nerea Ferreiròs
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für klinische Pharmakologie, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Goethe University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitra Bon
- Goethe University, Department of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sirkka Schroeter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Goethe University, Department of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Goethe University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Kronenberger
- Goethe University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Blaess M, Le HP, Claus RA, Kohl M, Deigner HP. Stereospecific induction of apoptosis in tumor cells via endogenous C16-ceramide and distinct transcripts. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15013. [PMID: 27551447 PMCID: PMC4979478 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentration and distribution of individual endogenous ceramide species is crucial for apoptosis induction in response to various stimuli. Exogenous ceramide analogs induce apoptosis and can in turn modify the composition/concentrations of endogenous ceramide species and associated signaling. In this study, we show here that the elevation of endogenous C16-ceramide levels is a common feature of several known apoptosis-inducing triggers like mmLDL, TNF-alpha, H2O2 and exogenous C6-ceramide. Vice versa apoptosis requires elevation of endogenous C16-ceramide levels in cells. Enantiomers of a synthetic ceramide analog HPL-1RS36N have been developed as probes and vary in their capacity to inducing apoptosis in macrophages and HT-29 cells. Apoptosis induction by the two synthetic ceramide analogs HPL-39N and HPL-1R36N correlates with generation of cellular C16-ceramide concentration. In contrast to the S-enantiomer HPL-1S36N, the R-enantiomer HPL-1R36N shows significant effects on the expression of distinct genes known to be involved in cell cycle, cell growth and cell death (CXCL10, CCL5 and TNF-alpha), similarly on apoptosis induction. Enantioselective effects on transcription induced by metabolically stable synthetic probes provide clues on molecular mechanisms of ceramide-induced signaling, as well as leads for future anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blaess
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - H P Le
- Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University , Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - R A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - M Kohl
- Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University , Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - H-P Deigner
- Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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Bertazzo S, Maidment SCR, Kallepitis C, Fearn S, Stevens MM, Xie HN. Fibres and cellular structures preserved in 75-million-year-old dinosaur specimens. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7352. [PMID: 26056764 PMCID: PMC4468865 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exceptionally preserved organic remains are known throughout the vertebrate fossil record, and recently, evidence has emerged that such soft tissue might contain original components. We examined samples from eight Cretaceous dinosaur bones using nano-analytical techniques; the bones are not exceptionally preserved and show no external indication of soft tissue. In one sample, we observe structures consistent with endogenous collagen fibre remains displaying ∼ 67 nm banding, indicating the possible preservation of the original quaternary structure. Using ToF-SIMS, we identify amino-acid fragments typical of collagen fibrils. Furthermore, we observe structures consistent with putative erythrocyte remains that exhibit mass spectra similar to emu whole blood. Using advanced material characterization approaches, we find that these putative biological structures can be well preserved over geological timescales, and their preservation is more common than previously thought. The preservation of protein over geological timescales offers the opportunity to investigate relationships, physiology and behaviour of long extinct animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Present address: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Susannah C. R. Maidment
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charalambos Kallepitis
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah Fearn
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hai-nan Xie
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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HPLC separation and ultrasensitive optical quantification of ceramide species applying 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carbonyl azide derivatisation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 986-987:123-8. [PMID: 25728369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are derivatised using 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carbonyl azide; subsequent gradient HPLC separation allows sensitive optical quantification of individual cellular ceramides. Compared to 9-anthracenecarbonyl cyanide (9-anthroyl nitrile) as derivatisation agent, the limit of detection could be improved 415-fold, respectively 10,000-fold (detection limit 0.6 pmol labelled ceramide/sample) when compared to benzoyl chloride-labelling. Acidic or alkaline catalysts are not required, enabling drying and storing of the labelled samples and a free choice of solvents for subsequent HPLC-separation. The quantitative method is characterised by high sensitivity, linearity and robustness in the pico- to nanomolar concentration range and does not require mass-spectrometry for quantification of cellular ceramides.
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45
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Garcia-Gil M, Lazzarini A, Lazzarini R, Floridi E, Cataldi S, Floridi A, Albi E. Serum deprivation alters lipid profile in HN9.10e embryonic hippocampal cells. Neurosci Lett 2014; 589:83-7. [PMID: 25556686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis is important to improve the use of stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules involved in the regulation of cell fate. In HN9.10e embryonic hippocampal cells, serum deprivation induces apoptosis preceded by sphingomyelinase activation and raise of ceramide levels. Increasing evidence indicates that individual ceramide species regulated by specific pathways in distinct subcellular compartments might carry out distinct cellular functions, but the ceramides species involved in embryonic hippocampal cell death induced by growth factor deprivation are unknown. In the present paper, by using the UFLC-MS/MS methodology, we have investigated the effect of serum deprivation on the lipid profile in HN9.10e cells. At 48h of serum deprivation, we detected a decrease in cholesterol and increase in sphingosine-1-phoshate 18:1, phosphatidylcholine 18:1 18:0, sphingomyelin 18:1 16:0 and in ceramides 18:1 16:0; we also found an increase in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio in sphingomyelin. We hypothesize that the rearrangement of sphingo- and glycerolipids with increase of saturated fatty acids in serum-deprivated, neural cells might represent a cellular response aimed at holding cholesterol inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Remo Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Floridi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Floridi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Research Center of Biochemical-Specialized Analyses, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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46
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Stiban J, Perera M. Very long chain ceramides interfere with C16-ceramide-induced channel formation: A plausible mechanism for regulating the initiation of intrinsic apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:561-7. [PMID: 25462172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria mediate both cell survival and death. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated by the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane to pro-apoptotic inter-membrane space (IMS) proteins. Many pathways cause the egress of IMS proteins. Of particular interest is the ability of ceramide to self-assemble into dynamic water-filled channels. The formation of ceramide channels is regulated extensively by Bcl-2 family proteins and dihydroceramide. Here, we show that the chain length of biologically active ceramides serves as an important regulatory factor. Ceramides are synthesized by a family of six mammalian ceramide synthases (CerS) each of which produces a subset of ceramides that differ in their fatty acyl chain length. Various ceramides permeabilize mitochondria differentially. Interestingly, the presence of very long chain ceramides reduces the potency of C16-mediated mitochondrial permeabilization indicating that the intercalation of the lipids in the dynamic channel has a destabilizing effect, reminiscent of dihydroceramide inhibition of ceramide channel formation (Stiban et al., 2006). Moreover, mitochondria isolated from cells overexpressing the ceramide synthase responsible for the production of C16-ceramide (CerS5) are permeabilized faster upon the exogenous addition of C16-ceramide whereas they are resistant to permeabilization with added C24-ceramide. On the other hand mitochondria isolated from CerS2-overexpressing cells show the opposite pattern, indicating that the product of CerS2 inhibits C16-channel formation ex vivo and vice versa. This interplay between different ceramide metabolic enzymes and their products adds a new dimension to the complexity of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and emphasizes its role as a key regulatory step that commits cells to life or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank 627, Palestine.
| | - Meenu Perera
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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47
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Don AS, Hsiao JHT, Bleasel JM, Couttas TA, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Altered lipid levels provide evidence for myelin dysfunction in multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:150. [PMID: 25358962 PMCID: PMC4228091 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly-progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and autonomic failure. A pathological hallmark of MSA is the presence of α-synuclein deposits in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing support cells of the brain. Brain pathology and in vitro studies indicate that myelin instability may be an early event in the pathogenesis of MSA. Lipid is a major constituent (78% w/w) of myelin and has been implicated in myelin dysfunction in MSA. However, changes, if any, in lipid level/distribution in MSA brain are unknown. Here, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of MSA myelin. We quantitatively measured three groups of lipids, sphingomyelin, sulfatide and galactosylceramide, which are all important in myelin integrity and function, in affected (under the motor cortex) and unaffected (under the visual cortex) white matter regions. For all three groups of lipids, most of the species were severely decreased (40-69%) in affected but not unaffected MSA white matter. An analysis of the distribution of lipid species showed no significant shift in fatty acid chain length/content with MSA. The decrease in lipid levels was concomitant with increased α-synuclein expression. These data indicate that the absolute levels, and not distribution, of myelin lipids are altered in MSA, and provide evidence for myelin lipid dysfunction in MSA pathology. We propose that dysregulation of myelin lipids in the course of MSA pathogenesis may trigger myelin instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Don
- />Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jen-Hsiang T Hsiao
- />Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Jonathan M Bleasel
- />Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- />Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- />Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
- />School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- />Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031 Australia
- />School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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48
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The bioactive lipid 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide inhibits flavivirus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:85-95. [PMID: 25313218 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04177-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a mosquito-borne pathogen and the cause of dengue fever. The increasing prevalence of DENV worldwide heightens the need for an effective vaccine and specific antivirals. Due to the dependence of DENV upon the lipid biosynthetic machinery of the host cell, lipid signaling and metabolism present unique opportunities for inhibiting viral replication. We screened a library of bioactive lipids and modulators of lipid metabolism and identified 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR) (fenretinide) as an inhibitor of DENV in cell culture. 4-HPR inhibits the steady-state accumulation of viral genomic RNA and reduces viremia when orally administered in a murine model of DENV infection. The molecular target responsible for this antiviral activity is distinct from other known inhibitors of DENV but appears to affect other members of the Flaviviridae, including the West Nile, Modoc, and hepatitis C viruses. Although long-chain ceramides have been implicated in DENV replication, we demonstrate that DENV is insensitive to the perturbation of long-chain ceramides in mammalian cell culture and that the effect of 4-HPR on dihydroceramide homeostasis is separable from its antiviral activity. Likewise, the induction of reactive oxygen species by 4-HPR is not required for the inhibition of DENV. The inhibition of DENV in vivo by 4-HPR, combined with its well-established safety and tolerability in humans, suggests that it may be repurposed as a pan-Flaviviridae antiviral agent. This work also illustrates the utility of bioactive lipid screens for identifying critical interactions of DENV and other viral pathogens with host lipid biosynthesis, metabolism, and signal transduction.
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Cheng JC, Bai A, Beckham TH, Marrison ST, Yount CL, Young K, Lu P, Bartlett AM, Wu BX, Keane BJ, Armeson KE, Marshall DT, Keane TE, Smith MT, Jones EE, Drake RR, Bielawska A, Norris JS, Liu X. Radiation-induced acid ceramidase confers prostate cancer resistance and tumor relapse. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4344-58. [PMID: 24091326 DOI: 10.1172/jci64791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Escape of prostate cancer (PCa) cells from ionizing radiation-induced (IR-induced) killing leads to disease progression and cancer relapse. The influence of sphingolipids, such as ceramide and its metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate, on signal transduction pathways under cell stress is important to survival adaptation responses. In this study, we demonstrate that ceramide-deacylating enzyme acid ceramidase (AC) was preferentially upregulated in irradiated PCa cells. Radiation-induced AC gene transactivation by activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding on the proximal promoter was sensitive to inhibition of de novo ceramide biosynthesis, as demonstrated by promoter reporter and ChIP-qPCR analyses. Our data indicate that a protective feedback mechanism mitigates the apoptotic effect of IR-induced ceramide generation. We found that deregulation of c-Jun induced marked radiosensitization in vivo and in vitro, which was rescued by ectopic AC overexpression. AC overexpression in PCa clonogens that survived a fractionated 80-Gy IR course was associated with increased radioresistance and proliferation, suggesting a role for AC in radiotherapy failure and relapse. Immunohistochemical analysis of human PCa tissues revealed higher levels of AC after radiotherapy failure than those in therapy-naive PCa, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or benign tissues. Addition of an AC inhibitor to an animal model of xenograft irradiation produced radiosensitization and prevention of relapse. These data indicate that AC is a potentially tractable target for adjuvant radiotherapy.
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50
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Ebel P, Vom Dorp K, Petrasch-Parwez E, Zlomuzica A, Kinugawa K, Mariani J, Minich D, Ginkel C, Welcker J, Degen J, Eckhardt M, Dere E, Dörmann P, Willecke K. Inactivation of ceramide synthase 6 in mice results in an altered sphingolipid metabolism and behavioral abnormalities. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21433-21447. [PMID: 23760501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-acyl chain length of ceramides is determined by the specificity of different ceramide synthases (CerS). The CerS family in mammals consists of six members with different substrate specificities and expression patterns. We have generated and characterized a mouse line harboring an enzymatically inactive ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6KO) gene and lacz reporter cDNA coding for β-galactosidase directed by the CerS6 promoter. These mice display a decrease in C16:0 containing sphingolipids. Relative to wild type tissues the amount of C16:0 containing sphingomyelin in kidney is ∼35%, whereas we find a reduction of C16:0 ceramide content in the small intestine to about 25%. The CerS6KO mice show behavioral abnormalities including a clasping abnormality of their hind limbs and a habituation deficit. LacZ reporter expression in the brain reveals CerS6 expression in hippocampus, cortex, and the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. Using newly developed antibodies that specifically recognize the CerS6 protein we show that the endogenous CerS6 protein is N-glycosylated and expressed in several tissues of mice, mainly kidney, small and large intestine, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ebel
- From the Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)
| | | | - Elisabeth Petrasch-Parwez
- the Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Zlomuzica
- the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kiyoka Kinugawa
- the Hôpital Charles Foix, Institut de la longévité, Paris 94205, France,; the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs, Paris 75005, France, and
| | - Jean Mariani
- the Hôpital Charles Foix, Institut de la longévité, Paris 94205, France,; the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs, Paris 75005, France, and
| | - David Minich
- From the Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)
| | - Christina Ginkel
- From the Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)
| | - Jochen Welcker
- the Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum, Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Degen
- From the Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekrem Dere
- the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany,; the Hôpital Charles Foix, Institut de la longévité, Paris 94205, France,; the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs, Paris 75005, France, and
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, and
| | - Klaus Willecke
- From the Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES),.
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